Hobart Tasmania
Left to right from top: Hobart CBD; Wrest Point Hotel Casino; Salamanca Market; Hobart Cenotaph
Hobart
Population:	214,705 (June 2010)[1] (11th)
• Density:	895/km² (2,318.0/sq mi) (2006)[2]
Established:	20 February 1804[3]
Area:	1357.3 km² (524.1 sq mi)
Time zone:  • Summer (DST)	AEST (UTC+10) AEDT (UTC+11)
Location:	35 km (22 mi) from New Norfolk 38 km (24 mi) from Huonville 198 km (123 mi) from Launceston 248 km (154 mi) from Queenstown 297 km (185 mi) from Burnie
State electorate:	Denison, Franklin
Federal Division:	Denison, Franklin
Mean max temp Mean min temp Annual rainfall 16.9 °C 62 °F 8.3 °C 47 °F 614.9 mm 24.2 in

Hobart ( /ˈhoʊbɑrt/)^[4] is the state capital and most populous city of the Australian island state of Tasmania. Founded in 1804 as a penal colony,^[5] Hobart is Australia's second oldest capital city after Sydney. In 2009, the city had a greater area population of approximately 212,019.^[1] A resident of Hobart is known as a "Hobartian". The city is located in the state's south-east on the estuary of the Derwent River. The skyline is dominated by Mount Wellington at 1,271 metres (4,170 ft) high. The city is the financial and administrative heart of Tasmania, also serving as the home port for both Australian and French Antarctic operations.

Hobart was named Australia's 6th most sustainable city, by the Australian Conservation Foundation in 2010.^[6] For economic and social innovation, Hobart was the 11th placed in Australia in 2009, and listed as an innovation influencer city in the Innovation Cities Global Index scoring equal with Reykjavik, Katowice and Casablanca by 2thinknow.^[7]

History[link]

The first settlement began in 1803 as a penal colony at Risdon Cove on the eastern shores of the Derwent River, amid British concerns over the presence of French explorers. In 1804 it was moved to a better location at the present site of Hobart at Sullivans Cove. The city, initially known as Hobart Town or Hobarton, was named after Lord Hobart, the Colonial Secretary. The area's indigenous inhabitants were members of the semi-nomadic Mouheneener tribe.^[8] Violent conflict with the European settlers, and the effects of diseases brought by them, completely destroyed the aboriginal population, which was rapidly replaced by free settlers and the convict population. Charles Darwin visited Hobart Town in February 1836 as part of the Beagle expedition. He writes of Hobart and the Derwent estuary in his Voyage of the Beagle:

...The lower parts of the hills which skirt the bay are cleared; and the bright yellow fields of corn, and dark green ones of potatoes, appear very luxuriant... I was chiefly struck with the comparative fewness of the large houses, either built or building. Hobart Town, from the census of 1835, contained 13,826 inhabitants, and the whole of Tasmania 36,505.

But since the Derwent River was one of Australia's finest deepwater ports and was the centre of the Southern Ocean whaling and the sealing trade, it rapidly grew into a major port, with allied industries such as shipbuilding. Hobart Town became a city on 21 August 1842, and was renamed Hobart in 1875.

Geography[link]

The City of Hobart (green) and Greater Hobart (teal)

Topography[link]

This section discusses the topography of the Greater Hobart area and as such pinpoints the regions of urban sprawl of the suburbs and the towns included in the Greater Hobart area as well as land formations. Hobart is located on the estuary of the Derwent River in the state's south-east at 42°52′S 147°19′E / 42.867°S 147.317°E / -42.867; 147.317. Geologically Hobart is built predominantly on Jurassic dolerite around the foothills interspersed with smaller areas of Triassic siltstone and Permian mudstone. Much of the waterfront of the Hobart CBD is built on reclaimed land such as the Sullivans Cove and Salamanca areas, work done during the convict era of Tasmania.

Hobart extends along both sides of the Derwent River; on the western shore from the Derwent valley in the north through the flatter areas of Glenorchy which rests on older Triassic sediment and into the hilly areas of New Town, Lenah Valley. Both of these areas rest on the younger Jurassic dolerite deposits, before stretching into the lower areas such as the beaches of Sandy Bay in the south, in the Derwent estuary.

The Eastern Shore also extends from the Derwent valley area in a southerly direction hugging the Meehan Ranges in the east before sprawling into flatter land in suburbs such as Bellerive. These flatter areas of the eastern shore rest on far younger deposits from the Quaternary. From there the city extends in an easterly direction through the Meehan ranges into the hilly areas of Rokeby and Oakdowns, before reaching into the tidal flatland area of Lauderdale.

Hobart has access to a number of beach areas including those in the Derwent estuary itself; Sandy Bay, Cornelian Bay, Nutgrove, Kingston, Bellerive, and Howrah Beaches as well as many more in Frederick Henry Bay such as; Seven Mile, Roaches, Cremorne, Clifton, and Goats Beaches.

Hobart area from Bellerive

Climate[link]

Hobart has a mild temperate oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb).^[9] The highest temperature recorded was 40.8 °C (105.4 °F) on 4 January 1976 and the lowest was −2.8 °C (27.0 °F) on 25 June 1972. Compared to other major Australian cities, Hobart has the second fewest daily average hours of sunshine, with 5.9 hours per day, Melbourne having the fewest.^[10] However, during the summer it has the most hours of daylight of any Australian city, with 15.2 hours on the summer solstice.

Although Hobart itself rarely receives snow during the winter, the adjacent Mount Wellington is often seen with a snowcap. Unseasonal mountain snow covering has been known to occur during the other seasons. During the 20th century, the city itself has received snowfalls at sea level on average only once every 15 years; however, outer suburbs lying higher on the slopes of Mount Wellington receive snow more often, owing to cold air masses arriving from Antarctica coupled with them resting at higher altitude. These snow-bearing winds often carry on through Tasmania and Victoria to the Snowy Mountains in northern Victoria and southern New South Wales.

See also: A graph of the climate of Hobart as measured and recorded on Ellerslie Road (Wikimedia Commons)

Demographics[link]

Hobart from the air

As of the 2006 census there were 217,525 people in the greater Hobart area^[12] and the City of Hobart local government area had a population of 47,700. According to the 2006 census, approximately 12.0% of greater Hobart's residents were born overseas, commonly the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Germany, and Netherlands.^[12] Hobart has also started to form thriving Korean and Somali communities. The recent growth of interest in multiculturalism and the rise in population has prompted the development of new suburbs such as Glebe Hill and Oak Downs as well as others in the planning stage, such as the newest proposed suburb designed for the families of Korean students immigrating to the city along with residents seeking a more alternative and carbon friendly lifestyle, dubbed Paranville, Paran being Korean for blue/green, in reference to its goals for being a 'clean and green' eco friendly suburb.^[13]

Most common occupations are Professionals 21.6%, Clerical and Administrative Workers 16.1%, Technicians and Trades Workers 13.8%, Managers 11.5% and Community and Personal Service Workers 10.6%. Median weekly household income was $869, compared with $1,027 nationally.

In the 2006 census, 63.8% of residents specified a Christian religion. Major religious affiliations are Anglican 29.8%, Catholic 21.1%, Uniting Church 4.2%, and Presbyterian and Reformed 2.0%. In addition, 21.6% specified "No Religion" and 12.0% did not answer.^[14]

Hobart has a small Mormon community of around 900 (2010), with meetinghouses in Glenorchy, Rosny, and Glen Huon.^[15] There is also a synagogue where the growing Jewish community, of around 180 (2001), or 0.1% of the Hobart Population, worships.^[16] Hobart also has smaller communities of Hindus, Muslims and Bahá'í, with a Bahá'í Centre of Learning, located within the city.^[17] A Free Mason lodge is also established in Hobart.^{[citation needed]}

Economy[link]

Hobart Central Business District and Wrest Point Casino in the foreground viewed from Mount Nelson

Hobart is a busy seaport, notably serving as the home port for the Antarctic activities of Australia and France. The port loads around 2,000 tonnes of Antarctic cargo a year for the Australian research vessel Aurora Australis.^[18] The city is also a hub for Cruise ships during the summer months with up to 40 Cruise ships docking during the course of the season.

The city also supports many other industries, shipbuilding, including high-speed catamaran factories such as the world renowned Incat and ore refinement zinc smelters operated by Nyrstar, large breweries such as Cascade manufactures many different beers exported nationally with its premium and boutique beers being found in Europe, as well as smaller breweries around the city. One notable business in the city is the Cadbury chocolate factory which manufactures most of the Cadbury's chocolate for the Southern Hemisphere. The city also supports a host of light industry manufacturers.

Hobart also supports a huge tourist industry. Visitors come to the city to explore its historic inner suburbs and nationally acclaimed restaurants and cafes, as well as its vibrant music and nightlife culture. Tourists also come to visit the massive weekly market in Salamanca Place, as well as to use the city as a base from which to explore the rest of Tasmania.

The last 15–20 years has also seen Hobart's wine industry thrive as many vineyards have developed in countryside areas outside of the city in the Coal River Wine Region and D'Entrecasteaux Channel, including Moorilla Estate at Berriedale one of the most awarded vineyards in Australia.

Distinctive features[link]

Mount Wellington

The Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens is a popular recreation area a short distance from the City centre. It is the second-oldest Botanic Gardens in Australia and holds extensive significant plant collections.^[19]

Mount Wellington, accessible by passing through Fern Tree, is the dominant feature of Hobart's skyline. Indeed many descriptions of Hobart have used the phrase "nestled amidst the foothills", so undulating is the landscape. At 1,271 metres, the mountain has its own ecosystems, is rich in biodiversity and plays a large part in determining the local weather.^{[citation needed]}

The Tasman Bridge is also a uniquely important feature of the city, connecting the two shores of Hobart and visible from many locations. The Hobart Synagogue is the oldest synagogue in Australia and a rare surviving example of an Egyptian Revival synagogue.

Culture[link]

Arts and entertainment[link]

Federation concert hall, part of the Hotel Grand Chancellor, houses the Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra

Hobart is home to the Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra, which is resident at the Federation Concert Hall on the city's waterfront. It offers a year-round program of concerts and is thought to be one of the finest small orchestras in the world.

Hobart also plays host to the University of Tasmania's acclaimed Australian International Symphony Orchestra Institute (AISOI) which brings pre-professional advanced young musicians to town from all over Australia and internationally. The AISOI plays host to a public concert season during the first two weeks of December every year focusing on large symphonic music. Like the Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra, the AISOI uses the Federation Concert Hall as its performing base.

Hobart has also long been home to a thriving classical, jazz, folk, punk, hip-hop, electro, metal and rock music scene. Internationally-recognised musicians such as metal acts Striborg and Psycroptic, indie-electro bands The Paradise Motel and The Scientists of Modern Music, singer/songwriters Sacha Lucashenko (of The Morning After Girls), Michael Noga (of The Drones), and Monique Brumby, two-thirds of indie rock band Love of Diagrams, post punk band Sea Scouts, blues guitarist Phil Manning (of blues-rock band Chain), power-pop group The Innocents are all successful expatriates. In addition, founding member of Violent Femmes, Brian Ritchie, now calls Hobart home, and has formed a local band, The Green Mist.

Brian Ritchie curates the annual international arts festival MONA FOMA, held in Hobart. Hobart also hosts many events as part of the biennial international arts festival Ten Days On The Island.

Other festivals, including the Hobart Fringe Festival, Hobart Summer Festival, Southern Roots Festival, the Falls Festival in Marion Bay and The Soundscape Festival also capitalise on Hobart's artistic communities.

Hobart is home to the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery. The Meadowbank Estate winery and restaurant features a floor mural by Tom Samek, part funded by the Federal Government.^[20] MONA, the Museum of Old and New Art opened in 2011 to coincide with the third annual MONA FOMA festival. The world class, multi-story MONA gallery built directly underneath an historic Sir Roy Grounds building, over looks the majestic Derwent River. This building serves as the entrance to the MONA Gallery.^[21]

Australia's first legal casino was the 17-storey Wrest Point Hotel Casino in Sandy Bay, opened in 1973.

The Hobart nightlife primarily revolves around Salamanca Place, the waterfront area, Elizabeth St in North Hobart and Sandy Bay but popular pubs, bars and nightclubs exist around the city as well. Major national and international music events are usually held at the Derwent Entertainment Centre, or the Casino.

Popular restaurant strips include Elizabeth Street in North Hobart, and Salamanca Place near the waterfront. These include a large number of ethnic restaurants including Chinese, Thai, Greek, Pakistani, Italian, Indian and Mexican.

Hobart is home to Australia's oldest theatre, the Theatre Royal, as well as the Playhouse theatre, the Backspace theatre and many smaller stage theatres. It also has three Village Cinema complexes, one each in Hobart CBD, Glenorchy and Rosny, with the possibility of a fourth being developed in Kingston. The State Cinema in North Hobart specialises in arthouse and foreign films.^[22]

The major shopping street in the CBD is Elizabeth Street, with the pedestrianised Elizabeth Mall and the General Post Office.

Events[link]

Hobart's Constitution Dock is the arrival point for Yachts after they have completed the Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race, and usually witnesses scenes of celebration by many yachtsmen during the new year festivities.

Hobart is internationally famous among the yachting community as the finish of the Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race which starts in Sydney on Boxing Day (the day after Christmas Day). The arrival of the yachts is celebrated as part of the Hobart Summer Festival, a food and wine festival beginning just after Christmas and ending in mid-January. The Taste of Tasmania is a major part of the festival, where locals and visitors can taste fine local and international food and wine.

Hobart is the finish point of the Targa Tasmania rally car event held annually in April since 1991.

The annual Tulip Festival at the Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens is a popular Spring celebration in the City.

The Australian Wooden Boat Festival is a bi-annual event held in Hobart celebrating wooden boats. It is held concurrently with the Royal Hobart Regatta, which began in 1830 and is therefore Tasmania's oldest surviving sporting event.

Sports in Hobart[link]

Bellerive Oval

Most of Hobart's sporting teams in national competitions are statewide teams rather than exclusively city teams.

Cricket is the most popular game of the city. The Tasmanian Tigers cricket team plays its home games at the Bellerive Oval on the Eastern Shore. A new team, Hobart Hurricanes will represent the city in the newly formed Big Bash League. Bellerive Oval has been the breeding ground of some world class cricket players including the former Australia captain Ricky Ponting.

Despite Australian rules football's huge popularity in the state of Tasmania, the state does not have a team in the Australian Football League. However, a bid for an Tasmanian AFL team is a popular topic among football fans. The State government is one of the potential sponsors of such a team.
Local domestic club football is still played. Tasmanian State League football features five clubs from Hobart, and other leagues such as Southern Football League and the Old Scholars Football Association are also played each Winter.

Tasmania is not represented by teams in national rugby union, rugby league, netball, soccer, or basketball leagues. However, the "Oasis Hobart Chargers" team does represent Hobart in the South East Australian Basketball League. Besides the bid for an AFL club which was passed over in favour of a second Queenland team, despite several major local business's and the Premier pioneering for a club, there is also a Hobart bid for entry into the A-League.

Hockey Tasmania has a men's team (the Tasmanian Tigers) and a women's team (the Van Demons) competing in the Australian Hockey League.

Media[link]

The main television and radio transmitter of Hobart behind the lookout building near the summit of Mount Wellington.

Fifteen free-to-air television channels service Hobart. Commercial television channels are provided by Southern Cross Tasmania, Tasmanian Digital Television (TDT), also providing One HD in high definition only, and WIN Television, also providing the nationwide Go! channel. The Australian Broadcasting Corporation provides ABC1 and ABC2. Multicultural broadcaster SBS provides SBS One and SBS Two.

Until 1986, television broadcasts in the city were restricted to two channels: TVT-6 and the ABC. In 1986, SBS began transmission to the city. In 1994 market aggregation allowed Launceston based station TNT-9 (now Southern Cross Tasmania) to broadcast to Hobart as well. TVT-6 (since known as TasTV, now WIN Television) took on a Nine Network affiliation, with Southern Cross carrying both Seven and Ten programming. All stations commenced digital broadcasting during 2003, and in December 2003, a fifth station, TDT, began broadcasting. TDT is a joint venture between Southern Cross and WIN. In March 2005, ABC2 came on-line.

In 2009, ABC 3, One HD, GO! and newly arrived 7TWO were made available in Hobart. One HD in Tasmania is known as One HD Tasmania. In 2010 the ABC launched ABC News 24 (available only on HD, replacing ABC HD). New additional channels including 7mate and GEM HD commenced transmission in Hobart in September 2010. The latest channel to start broadcasting in Hobart is Network Ten's Eleven channel, which commenced transmission on Tuesday 11 January 2011 at 11 am. The majority of Pay TV services are provided by Austar via satellite, although several smaller Pay TV providers do service Hobart.

Commercial radio stations licensed to cover the Hobart market include 100.9 Sea FM and 7HO FM. Local community radio stations include Christian radio station Ultra106five, Edge Radio and 92FM which targets the wider community with specialist programmes. The five ABC radio networks available on analogue radio broadcast to Hobart via 936 ABC Hobart, Radio National, Triple J, Newsradio and ABC Classic FM.

Hobart's major newspaper is The Mercury, which was founded by John Davies in 1854 and has been continually published ever since. The paper is currently owned and operated by Rupert Murdoch's News Limited.

Government[link]

The Greater Hobart metropolitan area consists of five local government areas of which three, City of Hobart, City of Glenorchy and City of Clarence are designated as cities. Hobart also includes the urbanised local governments of the Municipality of Kingborough and Municipality of Brighton. Each local government services all the suburbs that are within its geographical boundaries and are responsible for their own urban area, up to a certain scale, and residential planning as well as waste management and mains water storage.

Most city wide events such as the Taste of Tasmania and Hobart Summer Festival are funded by the Tasmanian State Government as a joint venture with the Hobart City Council. Urban planning of the Hobart CBD in particular the Heritage listed areas such as Sullivans Cove are also intensely scrutinised by State Government, which is operated out of Parliament House on the waterfront.

• See also List of Hobart suburbs

Greater Hobart area from Mount Wellington

Education[link]

The University of Tasmania's Centenary Building, Sandy Bay campus

Hobart is home to the main campus of the University of Tasmania, situated in Sandy Bay. On-site accommodation colleges include Christ College, Jane Franklin Hall and St John Fisher College. Other campuses are in Launceston and Burnie.

The G.H.A (Greater Hobart Area) contains 122 Primary, Secondary and Pretertiary (College) schools distributed throughout Clarence, Glenorchy and Hobart City Councils and Kingborough and Brighton Municipalities. These schools are made up of a mix of public, catholic, private and independent run, with the heaviest distribution lying in the more densely populated West around the Hobart city core. The city also maintains a large Polytechnics College campus (formerly TAFE Tasmania) for post-secondary studies in Trades and other non-university qualifications.

Infrastructure[link]

A Metro Tasmania bus

The only public transportation within the city of Hobart is via a network of Metro Tasmania buses funded by the Tasmanian Government and a small number of private bus services. Like many large Australian cities, Hobart once operated passenger tram services, a trolleybus network consisting of six routes which operated until 1968. However, the tramway closed in the early 1960s. The tracks are still visible in the older streets of Hobart.

Suburban passenger trains, run by the Tasmanian Government Railways, were closed in 1974 and the intrastate passenger service, the Tasman Limited, ceased running in 1978. Recently though there has been a push from the city, and increasingly from government, to establish a light rail network, intended to be fast, efficient, and eco-friendly, along existing tracks in a North South corridor; to help relieve the frequent jamming of traffic in Hobart CBD.

The main arterial routes within the urban area are the Brooker Highway to Glenorchy and the northern suburbs, the Tasman Bridge and Bowen Bridge across the river to Rosny and the Eastern Shore. The East Derwent Highway to Lindisfarne, Geilston Bay, and Northwards to Brighton, the South Arm Highway leading to Howrah, Rokeby, Lauderdale and Opossum Bay and the Southern Outlet south to Kingston and the D'Entrecasteaux Channel. Leaving the city, motorists can travel the Lyell Highway to the west coast, Midland Highway to Launceston and the north, Tasman Highway to the east coast, or the Huon Highway to the far south.

Hobart International Airport.

Ferry services from Hobart's Eastern Shore into the city were once a common form of public transportation, but with lack of government funding, as well as a lack of interest from the private sector, there has been the demise of a regular commuter ferry service – leaving Hobart's commuters relying solely on travel by automobiles and buses. There is however a water taxi service operating from the Eastern Shore into Hobart which provides an alternative to the Tasman Bridge.

Hobart is served by Hobart International Airport with flights to/from Melbourne (Qantas, Virgin Australia, Jetstar Airways and Tiger Airways Australia); Sydney (Qantas, Jetstar and Virgin); Brisbane (Virgin); Gold Coast (Jetstar); and Canberra (Virgin). The smaller Cambridge Aerodrome mainly serves small charter airlines offering local tourist flights. In the past decade, Hobart International Airport received a huge upgrade, with the airport now being a first class airport facility.

In 2009, it was announced that Hobart Airport would receive more upgrades, including a first floor, aerobridges (currently, passengers must walk on the tarmac), and shopping facilities. Possible new international flights to Asia and New Zealand, and possible new domestic flights to Darwin, Cairns and Perth have been proposed. A second runway, possibly to be constructed in the next 15 years, would assist with growing passenger numbers to Hobart. Hobart Control Tower may be renovated and fitted with new radar equipment, and the airport's carpark may be extended further. Also, new facilities will be built just outside the airport. A new service station, hotel and day care centre have already been built and the road leading to the airport has been maintained and re-sealed.

Notable residents[link]

Arts[link]

• David Haley, drummer for the metalband Psycroptic.
• Errol Flynn, Hollywood actor
• Ernest, Tasman and Arthur Higgins, brothers and pioneering cinematographers during the silent era
• Louise Lovely, the first Australian motion picture actress to find success in Hollywood
• Freya Stafford, actress who has appeared on TV programs such as Head Start and White Collar Blue and the 2010 horror film, The Clinic
• Richard Flanagan, author
• William Kermode, artist
• Constantine Koukias, a Greek-Australian composer and flautist
• Don Kay, Australian classical composer
• Brian Ritchie, musician, bassist of Violent Femmes
• Sean Byrne, director of the 2009 film The Loved Ones
• Jonathan auf der Heide, director of the 2009 film Van Dieman's Land
• Monika Fikerle, drummer of indie band Love of Diagrams
• Kris and Ash Buscombe, brothers that form half of the alternative rock group Witch Hats
• Cal Young and Simon McIntosh of the electro-synth act The Scientists of Modern Music
• Amali Ward, Australian Idol Season 2 finalist
• Clive Sansom, poet and playwright

Sports[link]

• Royce Hart – Australian Rules Footballer, member of the AFL Hall of Fame with legend status and member of the Team of the Century
• Ian Stewart – Australian Rules Footballer who played 127 games for St. Kilda including the clubs first (and thus far only) Premiership in 1966, he is also a member of the AFL Hall of Fame with legend status
• Roy Cazaly – Australian Rules Footballer who died in 1963 in Hobart, member of the AFL Hall of Fame
• Peter Hudson AM – Australian Rules Footballer, considered one of the greatest full-forwards in the game's history, when playing for Glenorchy he kicked 616 goals in 81 games with some records stating he instead kicked 769 goals; he is also a member of the AFL Hall of Fame
• Peter 'Percy' Jones – played 249 games for the Carlton Blues in the VFL
• Max Walker – Australian Rules Footballer and Australian cricketer and is currently a media commentator and motivational speaker
• Alastair Lynch – Australian Rules Footballer who played 306 game for Fitzroy, Brisbane Bears and the Brisbane Lions, including the 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004 Grand Finals
• Rodney Eade – Australian Rules Footballer who played 259 games for Hawthorn and the Bears, was head coach of the Western Bulldogs until Round 21, 2011
• Paul Williams – Australian Rules Footballer who played 306 games for Collingwood & Sydney, current caretaker coach of the Western Bulldogs
• Brendon Gale – former Australian Rules Footballer and is the current CEO of the Richmond Football Club
• Nick Riewoldt – Australian Rules Footballer, current captain of the St. Kilda Football Club
• Jack Riewoldt – Australian Rules Footballer for Richmond, winner of the 2010 Coleman and Jack Dyer Medal, cousin of Nick.
• Tim Paine – Australian cricketer and current member of the Tasmanian Tigers

Other[link]

• Mary Donaldson, Crown Princess of Denmark
• Alec Campbell, longest surviving war veteran from the Battle of Gallipoli
• Bob Brown, retired politician, former leader of the Australian Greens
• David Walsh, art collector and founder of the Museum of Old and New Art
• Charles Wooley, journalist, most famous for his role on Channel Nine's 60 Minutes
• Peter Conrad, academic and author currently teaching at Christ Church, Oxford
• Alexander Pearce, convict and cannibal
• William Buckley, an escaped convict who lived with the native Wathaurung people on the Bellarine Peninsula for over 30 years
• Joseph Potaskie, convict and first Polish Jew to come to Australia
• Catherine McDonald, first European born and baptised in Tasmania
• Timur Can Sarmaşık (Ivy), Prince and Member of the former Ottoman Dynasty

Sister cities[link]

Country	City	State / Region	Since
Japan	Yaizu[23]	Shizuoka Prefecture	1977
Italy	25px L'Aquila[23][24]	Abruzzo	1980
Chile	Valdivia[25]	Los Ríos Region	1998
France	Brest	Brittany

See also[link]

Hobart city centre

References[link]

Further reading[link]

• Frank Bolt (2004), The Founding of Hobart 1803–1804 Peregrine Pty Ltd, Kettering Tasmania. ISBN 0-9757166-0-3
• Peter Timms (2009), In Search of Hobart, University of New South Wales Press, Sydney (NSW). ISBN 978-1-921410-54-3 (hbk.)

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Hobart

• Hobart City Council
• Images of the city from Rose Bay High School Live from the School
• Satellite image from Google Maps
• Street map from Whereis.com
• Guide to Hobart – Hobart Guide

Coordinates: 42°52′50″S 147°19′30″E / 42.88056°S 147.325°E / -42.88056; 147.325

v t e Suburbs of Hobart City of Hobart Battery Point Cascades CBD Cornelian Bay Dynnyrne Fern Tree Glebe Lenah Valley Mount Nelson Mount Stuart New Town North Hobart Ridgeway Sandy Bay South Hobart Tolmans Hill West Hobart City of Glenorchy Abbotsfield Austins Ferry Berriedale Chigwell Claremont Collinsvale Derwent Park Dowsing Point Glenlusk Glenorchy Goodwood Granton Lutana Montrose Moonah Rosetta Springfield West Moonah City of Clarence Acton Park Bellerive Cambridge Clarendon Vale Clifton Beach Cremorne Flagstaff Gully Geilston Bay Howrah Lauderdale Lindisfarne Montagu Bay Mornington Mount Rumney Oakdowns Opossum Bay Otago Risdon Risdon Vale Roches Beach Rokeby Rose Bay Rosny Rosny Park Sandford Seven Mile Beach South Arm Tranmere Warrane Kingborough Council Blackmans Bay Bonnet Hill Firthside Howden Huntingfield Kingston Kingston Beach Maranoa Heights Taroona Brighton Council Bridgewater Brighton Gagebrook Green Point Old Beach Sorell Council Dodges Ferry Midway Point Sorell

This October 18, 2010 needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2010)

Rose Hobart (May 1, 1906 – August 29, 2000) was an American actress.

Career[link]

Born in New York City, her father was a cellist in the New York Symphony. She began her career as a stage actress where, in 1929, one of her best-known roles was as Grazia, in Death Takes a Holiday.

Her first film role was the part of Julie in the first talking picture version of Ferenc Molnár's Liliom, made by Fox Film Corporation in 1930, starring Charles Farrell in the title role, and directed by Frank Borzage. She co-starred with Fredric March and Miriam Hopkins in Rouben Mamoulian's original 1931 film version of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. She played the role of Muriel, Jekyll's fiancée. Ironically, her co-star in Dr. Jekyll and Mr, Hyde, Fredric March, starred in the 1934 film version of Death Takes a Holiday, but Ms. Hobart did not play Grazia in the film. The role went instead to Evelyn Venable.

In 1931, Hobart appeared in a B-movie called East of Borneo. In 1936, Surrealist artist Joseph Cornell, who bought a print of the movie to screen at home, became smitten with the actress, and cut out nearly all the parts that did not include her. He also showed the film at silent film speed and projected it through a blue tinted lens. He named the resulting work Rose Hobart. Hobart often played the "other woman" in movies during the 1940s, with her last major film role in Bride of Vengeance (1949).

She gave birth at age 43. During the 1950s she was investigated by the anti-Communist Tenney Committee, landed on the Hollywood blacklist and was denied acting work for years. During that time she became an acting counselor. In the 1960s, she took on television roles, including a part on Peyton Place.

Later years[link]

In 1994, Hobart published her autobiography, A Steady Digression to a Fixed Point.

On August 29, 2000, Rose Hobart died at the actors' home in Woodland Hills, California, aged 94, from natural causes.

Filmography[link]

Television[link]

• The Invaders (1 episode, 1968)
• Gunsmoke (1 episode, 1968)
• The F.B.I. (2 episodes, 1968–1969)
• Cannon (1 episode, 1971)
• Night Gallery (1 episode, 1971)

External links[link]

Biography portal

• Rose Hobart at the Internet Movie Database
• Rose Hobart at the Internet Broadway Database
• Rose Hobart at Find a Grave

This article's lead section may not adequately summarize its contents. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of the article's key points. (June 2010)

Yanina Wickmayer

Country	Belgium
Residence	Monte Carlo, Monaco
Born	(1989-10-20) 20 October 1989 (age 22) Lier, Belgium
Height	1.83 m (6 ft 0 in)
Weight	68 kg (150 lb; 10.7 st)
Turned pro	2004
Plays	Right-handed (two-handed backhand)
Career prize money	$2,257,198
Singles
Career record	260–125
Career titles	3 WTA (10 ITF)
Highest ranking	No. 12 (19 April 2010)
Current ranking	No. 35 (28 May 2012)
Grand Slam Singles results
Australian Open	4R (2010)
French Open	3R (2010, 2011)
Wimbledon	4R (2011)
US Open	SF (2009)
Doubles
Career record	69–49
Career titles	0 WTA (8 ITF)
Highest ranking	No. 71 (15 February 2010)
Grand Slam Doubles results
Australian Open	2R (2010)
French Open	1R (2008)
Wimbledon	2R (2009)
US Open	1R (2009)
Last updated on: 21 May 2012.

Yanina Wickmayer (born 20 October 1989 in Lier, Belgium) is a Belgian professional tennis player who is currently ranked world no. 36 and is the highest ranked female Belgian tennis player. She reached her career-high ranking of world no. 12 on 19 April 2010. She is also known for reaching the semifinals at the 2009 US Open. She won the award for "WTA Most Improved Player" in 2009 (see below).

Wickmayer has achieved career victories over Kim Clijsters, Svetlana Kuznetsova, Petra Kvitova, Na Li, Sam Stosur (at ITF level), Francesca Schiavone, Dinara Safina and Agnieszka Radwanska (see Tennis career). In June 2011, Time Magazine named her one of the "30 Legends of Women's Tennis: Past, Present and Future".^[1]

Tennis career[link]

2006[link]

Wickmayer obtained her first successes: three singles ITF titles and two ITF doubles (see below).

2007[link]

Wickmayer continued her success on the ITF circuit by winning several tournaments in Asia during the fall season (see external links). It was around this time that Wickmayer surpassed Caroline Maes as the no. 2 Belgian female tennis player. At the start of the year, Wickmayer was no. 534 in the world, but by November 2007, was around no. 170. Wickmayer had won eight singles titles and seven doubles titles on the ITF circuit.

She was also selected by team captain Sabine Appelmans to represent the Belgium Fed Cup team at the 2007 Fed Cup. She lost to Venus Williams, 1–6, 2–6, in her World Group match, before winning one rubber and losing the other against Chinese opposition.

2008[link]

In the 2008 Fed Cup tie versus Ukraine, Wickmayer sprang a surprise victory over reigning Australian Open women's doubles champion Kateryna Bondarenko.^[2]

Wickmayer qualified in singles for the French Open, but lost 2–6, 5–7 in the first round to Akgul Amanmuradova of Uzbekistan.

She reached the final of the DFS Classic, but lost, 6–7, 6–3, 6–7, to Kateryna Bondarenko of Ukraine.

At Wimbledon, she lost in the first round to Japan's Ai Sugiyama, 4–6, 2–6.

2009[link]

Yanina Wickmayer in a 2009 US Open match with Petra Kvitová

Wickmayer started the year with first-round losses in both Brisbane and the Australian Open. She won her first tour match of the year at Indian Wells, defeating Magdaléna Rybáriková, 6–3, 6–2. She lost to Daniela Hantuchová in the second round, despite holding two match points. She then lost her first-round matches in Miami and Charleston.

Wickmayer won her first WTA Tour singles title in Estoril. She beat third seed Sorana Cîrstea, 6–4, 1–6, 6–4, en route to the final, where she defeated Ekaterina Makarova, 7–5, 6–2. At the 2009 French Open, she was beaten by Samantha Stosur in the second round, 3–6, 6–4, 4–6.

Wickmayer lost to a newly returned Maria Sharapova in the quarterfinals at the 2009 AEGON Classic in Birmingham, 1–6, 6–2, 3–6. At the 2009 Ordina Open, Wickmayer reached both the singles final and the doubles final, losing to Tamarine Tanasugarn in the singles final. The doubles final was a close contest, in which she lost in three sets to an Italian pairing. At Wimbledon, she lost in the first round to Elena Vesnina.

During the summer hard-court season, Wickmayer reached the third round in Los Angeles, losing to Vera Zvonareva. She was defeated in the early rounds of her three other summer tournaments.

At the 2009 U.S. Open, Wickmayer defeated Virginie Razzano in the first round. In the second round, she recovered from a set down to beat Shuai Peng in three sets. In the third round, Wickmayer dispatched Italian Sara Errani, 6–3, 6–4. In the fourth round Wickmayer defeated Petra Kvitová, 4–6, 6–4, 7–5, to reach the quarterfinals, where she beat Kateryna Bondarenko, 7–5, 6–4. In the semifinals, she lost to Caroline Wozniacki, 3–6, 3–6.

Wickmayer fell in the first round in Beijing to Alisa Kleybanova. She qualified for the year-end championships in Bali. Her next tournament was in Linz. She won through to the semifinals, where she upset top seed Flavia Pennetta for her biggest career win. She beat Petra Kvitová in the final, 6–3, 6–4, and as a result made it into the top 20 for the first time. One week later at the 2009 BGL Luxembourg Open she won through to the semifinals, where she was edged by Timea Bacsinszky, 6–3, 2–6, 5–7.

Her last tournament of the year was at the year-end championships in Bali. Drawn into Group C, she defeated Kimiko Date-Krumm in her first match in straight sets, 7–6, 6–3. She was supposed to face Anabel Medina Garrigues next, but was disqualified from the tournament due to doping allegations. This was her last tournament of 2009.

On 1 October 2009, it was announced that Wickmayer and fellow Belgian tennis professional Xavier Malisse were to defend themselves before the Flemish anti-doping tribunal for failing to properly fill out their whereabouts. Wickmayer replied in a press release that the failure to follow procedure was due to her not being able to log on to the relevant website, not being able to contact the right people when needed, and not being in the country when written admonitions arrived by mail.^[3] At the tribunal on 22 October 2009, the prosecution did not ask for a ban, but rather for a "principal restraint" of the facts that they were being accused of,^[4] and as such it was expected that this would not cause any problems for either athlete.

However, on 5 November 2009, the decision of the tribunal was announced, an effective one-year ban for both players.^[5] Wickmayer, as well as Malisse, appealed the final decision, and her ban was lifted on 16 December 2009, after the appeal was granted.^[6]

2010[link]

Yanina accepted a wildcard into the first tournament of the year, the ASB Classic in Auckland. Seeded third, she defeated first seed Flavia Pennetta in the final, winning the tournament without dropping a set. This title was her first title of the year and third of her career.

Due to her suspension's being lifted after the deadline for the Australian Open, Yanina was forced to enter the qualifying draw. After a nervous first-round qualifying, she easily won through to the main draw. Being a dangerous floater, she drew Alexandra Dulgheru in the first round. In a match that included numerous rain delays, she prevailed, 1–6 7–5 10–8. Yanina defeated two Italian players, 12th seed, Flavia Pennetta and Sara Errani in the second and third round respectively, but lost in three sets to Justine Henin in the fourth round. Despite the loss she moved up to a career-high of no. 15.

Yanina Wickmayer at the 2010 Stuttgart Porsche Cup

Wickmayer was selected to represent Belgium at the World Group II Fed Cup tie against Poland. Wickmayer won both her rubbers against Marta Domachowska and Agnieszka Radwańska, thus allowing Kirsten Flipkens to secure the tie for Belgium with a win against Domachowska, to advance to the World Group playoff.^[7]

In her next two tournaments, the Open GDF Suez tournament in Paris and the 2010 Dubai Tennis Championships in Dubai, Wickmayer lost in first-round matches, in Paris to Petra Martić;^[8] and in Dubai to Shahar Pe'er.^[9]

She fared better in the BNP Paribas Open in Indian Wells, where she won two matches, before losing in the round of 16 to María José Martínez Sánchez of Spain, who had upset sixth seed Victoria Azarenka in the previous round. She then travelled to Miami for the Premier Mandatory Sony Ericsson Open. Seeded 12th, in the fourth round she thrashed Timea Bacsinszky, 6–0, 6–1. Despite losing 4–6, 5–7 to Marion Bartoli in a close quarterfinal match, her strong performance brought her to a new career-high ranking of world no. 13, moving to 12 without playing the next week.

She was again selected to represent Belgium at the Fed Cup World Group playoff tie against Estonia. When Kim Clijsters and Yanina won their singles rubbers on Saturday, Belgium was in a comfortable lead. However, Clijsters had injured her foot and had to be replaced by Justine Henin, who herself had been injured earlier that week. Henin lost her rubber, so it fell on Yanina to bring home the tie during the fourth, which she did in three sets, 2–6, 6–1, 6–1. At the Porsche Tennis Grand Prix held in Stuttgart, Yanina moved to the second round, before falling for the second consecutive time to fellow Belgian and former world no. 1 Justine Henin, 3–6, 5–7. Her next tournament was the Internazionali BNL d'Italia in Rome, where she was seeded 11th. She defeated Karolina Šprem and Aravane Rezaï in the first two rounds, before losing to seventh seeded Jelena Janković in the third round, 2–6, 0–6. As she was defending the points for her 2009 Estoril win during this week, but lost too early in the tournament, this week marked the first in a long time in which she lost ranking points.

She pulled out of her next tournament, citing a right elbow injury, and underwent surgery. Though Roland Garros was only two weeks later, she managed to be fit in time and played there as 16th seed. She defeated Sandra Záhlavová in the first round, 6–1, 6–1 and Sybille Bammer, 7–6, 1–6, 7–5, before falling to Daniela Hantuchová, 5–7, 3–6. Despite her recent injury, this was her best French Open performance to date.

Yanina reached the quarterfinals in Birmingham, where she lost to qualifier Alison Riske. The next week, she had 200 ranking points to defend from her 2009 's-Hertogenbosch final. She decided to play in Eastbourne, however, where she was not seeded due to the strong players field. She lost to fifth seed Kim Clijsters, 1–6, 1–6. Yanina defeated Riske in a tough first-round match at the Wimbledon Championships, her first Wimbledon main draw win. She reached the third round, after defeating compatriot Kirsten Flipkens, but lost to 21st seed Vera Zvonareva. The day before their second round match, Flipkens and Yanina played doubles together, which they lost. Yanina also lost her first mixed doubles match with Dick Norman. After Wimbledon, she rose to no. 16 once again, the third Belgian after Kim Clijsters and Justine Henin.

At the 2010 Bank of the West Classic, Wickmayer fell to top seed Sam Stosur in the quarterfinals.

She was seeded 8th at the 2010 Mercury Insurance Open, but fell to Svetlana Kuznetsova in the first round.

Wickmayer was seeded 15th at the 2010 US Open, with semifinal ranking points to defend. She advanced to the fourth round, before falling in three sets to 31st seed Kaia Kanepi.

2011[link]

Wickmayer returned to Auckland to defend her 2010 championship. Seeded second, she lost in the final to Gréta Arn, 3–6, 3–6.

Wickmayer was seeded 21st at the 2011 Australian Open. She lost in the second round to Lativan Anastasija Sevastova, 4–6, 2–6, citing illness.

Wickmayer reached the quarterfinals of the 2011 Open GDF Suez, where she lost to Petra Kvitová in a tight three-sets match, 7–5, 3–6, 6–7.

At the 2011 Dubai Tennis Championships, she defeated wildcard Bojana Jovanovski in the first round, 7–5, 3–6, 6–2. Next up for Wickmayer was Australian Open finalist Li Na. Li, the fifth seed, held four match points in the second set tie-break, but Yanina saved all of them and won, 6–7, 7–6, 6–2. With that win, Wickmayer got her second top-10 win over no. 7-ranked Li, having beaten no. 9-ranked Agnieszka Radwańska in Fed Cup the previous season. She lost to ninth seed Shahar Peer, 6–3, 4–6, 1–6, in the third round.

Wickmayer's next event was the 2011 BNP Paribas Open, where she competed as the 23rd seed. She lost in the semifinal to 15th seed Marion Bartoli, 1–6, 3–6. This was her first semifinal ever in Indian Wells.

At the 2011 Sony Ericsson Open, Yanina was the 23rd seed. After a first-round bye, she was defeated by Russian Elena Vesnina, 2–6, 7–5, 4–6.

Wickmayer was seeded 21st at the 2011 French Open and beat both Monica Niculescu and Japan's Ayumi Morita in straight sets, before losing to 12th seed Agnieszka Radwańska, 4–6, 4–6 in the third round, matching her 2010 performance.

As the third seed, Wickmayer reached the quarterfinals of the 2011 UNICEF Open, falling to eventual champion Roberta Vinci.

Wickmayer was the 19th seed at the 2011 Wimbledon Championships. She beat Varvara Lepchenko, Anna Tatishvili, and 12th seed Svetlana Kuznetsova to reach the fourth round for the first time, where she lost to eighth seed and eventual winner Petra Kvitová.

During the summer, Wickmayer took part in the 2011 Rogers Cup, where she lost to Roberta Vinci in the first round. She then played 2011 Western & Southern Open and lost in the second round. At the Virginia Slims of Dallas, she retired in the first round against Sofia Arvidsson with a back injury.^[10] At the 2011 US Open, after having won her first match 6–1, 7–5 against Sorana Cirstea, she withdrew in the second round against Alla Kudryavtseva due to the same back injury. She then sat out the fall Asian tour.

2012[link]

Wickmayer began her 2012 season as top-seeded at Hobart tournament. She defeated Marina Erakovic in the first round, followed by an easy win against Casey Dellacqua 6–1, 6–1. In the quarterfinals, she defeated Simona Halep 6–4, 6–0. She then moved into the final with a 7–6, 6–3 win over sixth-seeded Shahar Peer in the semis.^[11] She eventually lost 6–1, 6–2 to qualifier Mona Barthel.^[12]

At the Australian Open, first major of the season, she lost in the first round against Kazakhstan's Galina Voskoboeva.

Her next tournament was in Paris, at the 2012 Open GDF Suez. In the first round she faced lucky loser Jill Craybas. Yanina won the first set 6–1, after witch the American withdrew with a back injury, and was forced to retire. In the second round, she faced another American, Christina McHale, and she won 6–2, 7–5. In the quarterfinals, Yanina got past Mona Barthel 6–4, 6–7, 6–3, to reach the semifinals, where she lost to eventual champion Angelique Kerber 7–6, 3–6, 4–6.

Wickmayer won against Kim Clijsters in Miami.

Wickmayer lost in the first round of the 2012 French Open.

Personal[link]

Wickmayer's mother, Daniella Dannevoye, died at an early age.^[13] Her father, Marc, is of Austrian origin. Her name 'Yanina' is inspired by the name of Maradona's youngest daughter. Wickmayer fluently speaks Dutch, English and French. Since mid 2011 reports have emerged that she is in a relationship with former Lierse S.K. footballer Jérôme Vanderzijl.

WTA career finals[link]

Singles: 7 (3–4)[link]

Outcome	No.	Date	Tournament	Surface	Opponent	Score
Runner-up	1.	9 June 2008	Birmingham, United Kingdom	Grass	Kateryna Bondarenko	7–6(9–7), 3–6, 7–6(7–4)
Winner	1.	8 May 2009	Estoril, Portugal	Clay	Ekaterina Makarova	7–5, 6–2
Runner-up	2.	20 June 2009	's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands	Grass	Tamarine Tanasugarn	6–3, 7–5
Winner	2.	18 October 2009	Linz, Austria	Hard	Petra Kvitová	6–3, 6–4
Winner	3.	9 January 2010	Auckland, New Zealand	Hard	Flavia Pennetta	6–3, 6–2
Runner-up	3.	8 January 2011	Auckland, New Zealand	Hard	Gréta Arn	6–3, 6–3
Runner-up	4.	15 January 2012	Hobart, Australia	Hard	Mona Barthel	6–1, 6–2

Doubles: 1 (0–1)[link]

Outcome	No.	Date	Tournament	Surface	Partner	Opponents	Score
Runner-up	1.	19 June 2009	's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands	Grass	Michaëlla Krajicek	Sara Errani Flavia Pennetta	6–4, 5–7, [13–11]

Career ITF finals[link]

Singles: 10[link]

No.	Date	Tournament	Surface	Opponent	Score
1.	20 August 2006	Koksijde, Belgium	Clay	Kristina Steiert	6–4, 6–1
2.	19 November 2006	Florianópolis, Brazil	Clay	Estefania Craciún	6–1, 6–0
3.	26 November 2006	Córdoba, Argentina	Clay	Teliana Pereira	6–1, 6–7(4–7), 6–0
4.	29 July 2007	Les Contamines, France	Hard	Julie Coin	6–2, 7–6(7–3)
5.	28 October 2007	Hamanako, Japan	Carpet	Junri Namigata	4–6, 6–4, 6–2
6.	11 November 2007	Taizou, China	Hard	Han Xinyun	6–2, 6–2
7.	18 November 2007	Kunming, China	Hard	Urszula Radwańska	7–5, 6–4
8.	11 May 2008	Indian Harbour Beach, USA	Clay	Bethanie Mattek	6–4, 7–5
9.	22 February 2009	Surprise, USA	Hard	Julia Vakulenko	6–7(0–7), 6–3, 4–3, retired
10.	17 October 2010	Torhout, Belgium	Hard	Simona Halep	6–3, 6–2

Doubles: 8[link]

No.	Date	Tournament	Surface	Partner	Opponent	Score
1.	11 November 2006	Itajaí, Brazil	Clay	Teliana Pereira	Fernanda Hermenegildo Monika Kochanova	6–3, 6–3
2.	26 November 2006	Córdoba, Argentina	Clay	Teliana Pereira	Florencia Molinero Veronika Spiegel	7–5, 6–4
3.	18 May 2007	Trivandrum, India	Clay	Lauren Albanese	Nicole Clerico Agnes Szatmari	3–6, 7–5, 6–0
4.	8 July 2007	Stuttgart-Vaihingen, Germany	Clay	Ekaterina Dzehalevich	Darija Jurak Carmen Klaschka	6–3, 6–2
5.	28 July 2007	Les Contamines, France	Hard	Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova	Petra Cetkovská Sandra Záhlavová	Walkover
6.	18 November 2007	Kunming, China	Hard	Urszula Radwańska	Han Xinyun Xu Yifan	6–4, 6–1
7.	6 April 2008	Torhout, Belgium	Hard	Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova	Stéphanie Cohen-Aloro Selima Sfar	6–4, 4–6, [10–8]
8.	April 2009	Torhout, Belgium	Hard	Michaëlla Krajicek	Julia Görges Sandra Klemenschits	6–4, 6–0