{{infobox cricketer | playername

Gary Kirsten | image | country South Africa | fullname Gary Kirsten | living true | dayofbirth 23 | monthofbirth 11 | yearofbirth 1967 | placeofbirth Cape Town | countryofbirth South Africa | batting Left-handed | bowling Right arm off break | family Paul Kirsten (brother)Peter Kirsten (half-brother) | international true | testdebutdate 26 December | testdebutyear 1993 | testdebutagainst Australia | testcap 257 | lasttestdate 30 March | lasttestyear 2004 | lasttestagainst New Zealand | odidebutdate 14 December | odidebutyear 1993 | odidebutagainst Australia | odicap 28 | lastodidate 3 March | lastodiyear 2003 | lastodiagainst Sri Lanka | club1 Western Province | year1 1987–2004 | columns 4 | column1 Test | matches1 101 | runs1 7,289 | bat avg1 45.27 | 100s/50s1 21/34 | top score1 275 | deliveries1 349 | wickets1 2 | bowl avg1 71.00 | fivefor1 – | tenfor1 – | best bowling1 1/0 | catches/stumpings1 83/– | column2 ODI | matches2 185 | runs2 6,798 | bat avg2 40.95 | 100s/50s2 13/45 | top score2 188* | deliveries2 30 | wickets2 0 | bowl avg2 – | fivefor2 – | tenfor2 n/a | best bowling2 – | catches/stumpings2 61/1 | column3 FC | matches3 221 | runs3 16,670 | bat avg3 48.31 | 100s/50s3 46/79 | top score3 275 | deliveries3 1,727 | wickets3 20 | bowl avg3 41.80 | fivefor3 1 | tenfor3 0 | best bowling3 6/68 | catches/stumpings3 171/– | column4 LA | matches4 294 | runs4 9,586 | bat avg4 36.58 | 100s/50s4 18/58 | top score4 188* | deliveries4 138 | wickets4 3 | bowl avg4 37.33 | fivefor4 – | tenfor4 n/a | best bowling4 1/25 | catches/stumpings4 97/1 | date 28 December | year 2009 | source http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/content/player/45813.html Cricinfo }}

Gary Kirsten (born 23 November 1967 in Cape Town) is a former South African cricketer, and the World Cup winning coach of the Indian cricket team. He played 101 Test matches and 185 One-day internationals for South Africa between 1993 and 2004, mainly as an opening batsman. His half brother Peter, also played provincial cricket for Western Province, and then later for the South Africa cricket team which included the highlight of the Cricket World Cup in 1992.

Playing career

Kirsten made his Test debut against Australia in Melbourne in 1993. He retired from international cricket in 2004 after crafting a match-winning 76 in his final innings, against New Zealand. Against the same country he had made history by becoming the first ever Protea to play in 100 Test matches.

Over the years, he gained a reputation as being a sturdy batsman in both Test cricket and one-day cricket. He could up the tempo of an innings if he needed to, but more often than not he simply waited for the bad ball, much like Steve Waugh and Justin Langer. He was also a reliable fielder. Kirsten held the South African records for most runs and centuries in a Test career, before both were surpassed by Jacques Kallis. He was the first Test batsman to make hundreds against each of the other 9 Test nations. He made a score of 275 against England as a result of batting for over 14 and a half hours as South Africa followed on at Kingsmead, still stands as the second-longest innings (in terms of duration) in Test history. The high score was later surpassed by Graeme Smith when he made 277 against England in 2003. He still holds the record for highest innings by a South African in a One Day International; 188 not-out made against the United Arab Emirates during the 1996 World Cup, which is the sixth highest innings of all time in One-Day International cricket, and the highest score in World Cup cricket history.

Coaching career

India (2008-2011)

After retirement, Kirsten organized his own cricket academy in Cape Town. In November 2007, it emerged that Kirsten was a candidate for the vacant post of Indian coach. The BCCI offered him a two-year contract for the post, and despite voicing reservations about concerns he had about having the full support of India players, he confirmed he would be taking the job on 4 December.

He officially started as coach on 1 March 2008. However, he travelled to Australia with India beforehand during the test series. His first full series in charge was against his home country, South Africa in March–April 2008 which was drawn 1-1. Also, he coached India to the finals of the Kitply Cup and 2008 Asia Cup (India lost both the finals). During his tenure as Coach of India, Indian cricket team won a home series against Australia beating them 2-0. Apart from clinching the Border-Gavaskar trophy, he also coached India to its first bilateral series win in Sri Lanka against Sri Lanka and India's first One-Day International series victory against New Zealand in New Zealand after 40 years. India also won the Compaq Cup, defeating Sri Lanka in the finals on 14 September 2009 by 46 runs. A highly accomplished batsman himself, he has brought in a considerable amount of improvement in the batting performances, which is largely associated with his ability to instill better confidence among younger players.

Gary Kirsten has been praised by all players for improving/enhancing their playing techniques, motivating them and discussing tactics that can be deployed on the field. The results could be clearly seen within months. He is considered the key force behind the clearly visible performance improvement in all players. In 2010, Prior to the start of India's tour of South Africa, Indian captain M.S. Dhoni described him as "The best thing to happen to Indian cricket."

World Cup 2011

After the tour of South Africa, which India drew 1-1 in the Test series lost 3-2 in ODIs, Kirsten announced he would not renew his contract with BCCI because of family commitments. Kirsten often stated that he wanted to spend time with his two growing sons, Joshua and James, and wife and said three years away from home was long enough. Immediately after the announcement Kirsten was linked with joining South Africa as their coach as the South Africa coach Corrie van Zyl also announced his contract would end after the World Cup as well. Kirsten ended his tenure as coach after India won the 2011 Cricket World Cup defeating Sri Lanka by 6 wickets and 10 balls to spare on 2 April 2011 at Wankhede Stadium in Mumbai, India. During the celebration, he was carried around the ground by Suresh Raina , Yusuf Pathan and Virat Kohli to show their respect.

His term as coach to the Indian side has come to an end with the Indian team's victory amidst various media reports of very lucrative offers from various quarters from the cricketing world. But he has cleared the air by adopting a modest approach on his further availability as coach to the Indian team by saying that he has no offer and he wanted to say goodbye to India for the reasons that he wants to spend time with his family.

South Africa (2011 – present)

On 5 June 2011 Kirsten was appointed the full time coach of the South Africa national cricket team for a term period of two years. His first decision was to name AB DeVilliers as the new captain for the limited overs game, replacing Graeme Smith who remains as the Test side captain. Kirsten began his term as coach on 1 August and his first assignment will be a home series against Australia. He took over from Corrie van Zyl, who was an interim coach for 14 months after Mickey Arthur resigned following the home series against England in 2009-10.

Business interests

In 2007, Kirsten joined Paddy Upton and Dale Williams to form a company called Performance Zone. The focus of the company is to work with individuals and teams in business and sport, bringing out their clients' best performance. When Kirsten was appointed Indian coach and Upton Indian Mental conditioning coach on a two year contract, they decided to continue the business. Its first project, post Kirsten taking on the Indian coach role, is the creation of garykirsten.com.

References

Category:South Africa One Day International cricketers Category:South Africa Test cricketers Category:Western Province cricketers Category:Wisden Cricketers of the Year Category:South African cricket captains Category:1967 births Category:Living people Category:Coaches of the Indian national cricket team Category:Coaches of the South Africa national cricket team Category:People from Cape Town

fr:Gary Kirsten gu:ગૅરી કિર્સ્ટન hi:गैरी किर्स्टन kn:ಗ್ಯಾರಿ ಕರ್ಸ್ಟೈನ್ ml:ഗാരി കേസ്റ്റൺ mr:गॅरी कर्स्टन ta:கேரி கிர்ஸ்டன் te:గారీ క్రిస్టెన్

Official name	City of Gary, Indiana
Settlement type	City
Nickname	City in Motion, City of the Century, GI, Magic City of Steel, The Steel City, The G
Motto	''We Are Doing Great Things''
Image seal	Gary Seal.png
Map caption	Location in the state of Indiana, U.S.
Coordinates display	inline,title
Coordinates region	US-IN
Subdivision type	Country
Subdivision name	United States
Subdivision type1	State
Subdivision name1	Indiana
Subdivision type2	County
Subdivision name2	Lake
Government type	Council-Strong Mayor
Leader title	Mayor
Leader name	Rudolph Clay (D)
Established title	Founded
Established date	July 14, 1906
Area magnitude	1 E8
Area total sq mi	57.24
Area land sq mi	50.23
Area water sq mi	7.01
Population total	80,294
Population as of	2010
Population density sq mi	1598.5
Timezone	CST
Utc offset	–6
Timezone dst	CDT
Utc offset dst	–5
Coordinates footnotes
Elevation footnotes
Elevation ft	607
Website	http://www.gary.in.us/
Postal code type	ZIP codes
Postal code	46401-46411
Area code	219
Blank name	FIPS code
Blank info	18-27000
Blank1 name	GNIS feature ID
Blank1 info	2394863
Footnotes	}}

Gary is a city in Lake County, Indiana, United States. The city is in the southeastern portion of the Chicago metropolitan area and is 25 miles from downtown Chicago. The population is 80,294 at the 2010 census, making it the seventh-largest city in the state. It borders Lake Michigan and is best known for its large steel mills. Gary is adjacent to the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore.

History

The city was founded in 1906 by the United States Steel Corporation as the home for its new plant. The city was named after the lawyer and founding chairman of U.S. Steel, Elbert H. Gary.

Gary's fortunes have risen and fallen with those of the steel industry. The growth of the steel industry brought prosperity to the community. Broadway Avenue was known as a commercial center for the region. Department stores and architecturally significant movie houses were built in the downtown area and the Glen Park neighborhood.

In the 1960s, like many other American urban centers reliant on one particular industry, Gary entered a spiral of decline. Gary's decline was brought on by the growing overseas competitiveness in the steel industry, which had caused U.S. Steel to lay off many workers from the Gary area. As the city declined, crime increased.

Rapid racial change occurred in Gary during the late 20th century. These population changes resulted in political change which reflected the racial diversity of Gary. Gary had one of the nation's first African-American mayors, Richard G. Hatcher, and hosted the ground-breaking 1972 National Black Political Convention.

In the 1960s through 1980s, surrounding suburban localities such as Merrillville, experienced rapid growth including new homes and shopping districts. Due to white flight, economic distress, concerns about crime, and alleged mismanagement, many middle-class and affluent residents moved to other cities in the metro area such as Chicago and surrounding areas in Lake and Porter Counties in Indiana.

In the late 1990s and early 2000s, Gary had the highest percentage of African Americans of U.S. cities with a population of 100,000 or more, 84% (as of the 2000 U.S. census). This no longer applies to Gary since the population of the city has now fallen well below 100,000 residents.

U.S. Steel continues to be a major steel producer, but with only a fraction of its former level of employment. While Gary has failed to reestablish a manufacturing base since its population peak, two casinos opened along the Gary lakeshore in the 1990s although this has been aggravated by the state closing of Rt.912 (Cline Ave.), an important access to the area. Today, Gary faces numerous difficulties, including unemployment, decaying infrastructure, low literacy and educational attainment levels.

Recent history

2006

Three-term Democratic Mayor Scott King resigned from office in March 2006, citing a desire to return to private law practice. Then-deputy mayor and former Calumet Township Trustee Dozier T. Allen Jr. became acting mayor, pending a formal election by local Democratic party officials. On April 4, 2006, local officials chose former Lake County Commissioner and King rival Rudolph Clay to fill the remaining 21 months of King's term.

The Gary Chicago International Airport secured nearly 100 million US$ in grants and private donations. The FAA approved GYY's master plan which includes the expansion of runways, land acquisition for a larger terminal, an integrated transportation center, and provision for a third runway. The first part of the plan requires that the EJ&E; line, which runs at the end of the runway, be relocated.

Dallas-based HomeVestors of America released its "Top 10 Markets for Real Estate Investing" list on December 9, 2006. Gary earned the number one position on this list, which represents activity of investors who purchase homes below market and then sell.

After celebrating its 100th year in 2006, the city of Gary presented several examples of progress and economic rebound, after years of economic depression. Many buildings that have been left vacant for years are now finally slated for demolition and development. Many new homes were built through the HOPE VI grant from HUD.

2007

Gary was rated the 17th most dangerous city in the United States according to Morgan Quitno's 2007 analysis of crime rates (''City Crime Rankings, 14th Edition''), down from 10th highest in the 2006 edition. The city recorded 51 homicides in 2006, a 13.5 percent decrease from the previous year.

2008

''Forbes'' Magazine listed Gary 39th on their Top 100 Best Cities for Jobs in 2008. The ranking was up from 89th in 2006 and 84th in 2007.

In March 2008 the Chief of Police, Deputy Chief and a police sergeant were all indicted by the federal court for violating the civil rights of a Gary resident.

2011

Property tax limitations implemented for the entire state of Indiana have left Gary in a financially difficult situation. The city is one of the few in the US that uses cash based accounting, a system usually limited to use in very small businesses and not municipalities with budgets greater than 80 million dollars. Gary currently is under temporary reprieve from full implementation of the state tax caps, an implementation that is scheduled to be applied to Gary in 2012. At that point Gary's property tax revenue of approximately $60M is projected to be cut to approximately $30M. The budget changes necessary at that point are widely viewed to be devastating. Due to its cash accounting system, there is difficulty determining what Gary's one-time liabilities are. In late 2009, they are at least $34M in debts and unpaid judgments by the city to various parties in addition to the upcoming projected structural deficit due to mandatory tax caps.

In April 2011, 75 year-old mayor Rudy Clay announced that he would be suspending his campaign for re-election, owing to ongoing treatments for prostate cancer. After exiting from the race, Clay endorsed rival Karen Freeman-Wilson, who won the Democratic mayoral primary in May.

Neighborhoods

West

Ambridge Mann is located on Gary's near west side along 5th Avenue. Ambridge was developed for workers at the nearby steel plant in the 1910s and 1920s, and is named after the American Bridge Works, which was a subsidiary of U.S. Steel. The neighborhood is home to a huge stock of prairie style and art deco homes. The Gary Masonic Temple is located in the neighborhood along with the Ambassador Apartment building. Located just south of Interstate 90, the neighborhood can be seen while passing Buchanan Street. Brunswick is located on Gary's far west side. The neighborhood is located just south of Interstate 90 and can be seen from the expressway. The Brunswick area includes the Tri-City Plaza shopping center on West 5th Avenue (U.S. 20). The area is south of the Gary Chicago International Airport. Downtown Gary was developed in the 1920s and houses several pieces of impressive architecture, including several structures designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. A 6,000-seat minor league baseball stadium for the Gary SouthShore RailCats, U.S. Steel Yard, was constructed in 2002, along with contiguous commercial space. A significant number of older structures have been demolished in recent years, but a number of abandoned buildings remain in the downtown area, including historic structures like Union Station and City Methodist Church. Interstate 90 divides downtown Gary from the United States Steel Plant.

Tolleston is one of Gary's oldest neighborhoods, predating much of the rest of the city. It was plated out by George Tolle in 1857, when the railroads came to the area. The area is to the west of Midtown and south of Ambridge Mann. Tarrytown is a subdivision located in Tolleston between Whitcomb Street and Clark Road.

South

Black Oak is located on the far southwest side of Gary, in the vicinity of the Burr Street exit to the Borman Expressway. It was annexed in the 1970s. Prior to that, Black Oak was an unincorporated area informally associated with Hammond, and the area has Hammond telephone numbers. The community was convinced (after 3 previously failed attempts) by Mayor Hatcher that its residents would benefit from better services, provided by the city, than those provided by the county. It is the only majority-white neighborhood in Gary.

Glen Park is located on Gary's far south side, and is made up mostly of mid-twentieth century houses. Glen Park is divided from the remainder of the city by the Borman Expressway. The northern portion of Glen Park is home to Gary's Gleason Park Golf Course and the campus of Indiana University Northwest. The far western portion of Glen Park is home to the Village Shopping Center. Glen Park includes the 37th Avenue corridor at Broadway.

Midtown is located to the south of Downtown Gary, along Broadway. This was, traditionally, the original "black" neighborhood in the pre-1960s days of segregation.

North and East

Aetna is located on Gary's far east side along the Dunes Highway. Aetna predates the city of Gary. It was a company town founded in 1881 by the Aetna Powder Works, an explosives company, which closed with the end of World War I. The Town of Aetna was annexed in 1928 around the same time Gary annexed the Town of Miller. A building boom happened shortly afterward in the late 1920s and early 1930s making Aetna home to an impressive collection of art deco architecture. The rest of the community was built throughout the 1950s after the Korean War in a series of phases. On its south and east, Aetna borders the undeveloped floodplain of the Little Calumet River.

Miller Beach, also known through the years as Miller Station or just simply as Miller, is on Gary's far east side. Incorporated as an independent town in 1907, Miller was annexed by the city of Gary in 1918. Miller developed around the old stagecoach stop and train station known, as early as the 1840s, as Miller's Junction. The Miller Beach area has remained somewhat separated from the rest of Gary both culturally and geographically. Miller Beach continues to be racially and economically diverse, and attracts investor interest due to the many year-round and summer homes within walking distance of Marquette Park and Lake Michigan. Prices for lakefront property are affordable compared with Illinois suburban communities. Lake Street provides shopping and dining options for Miller Beach visitors and residents. East Edge, a development of 28 upscale condominium, townhome, and single-family homes, began construction in 2007 at the eastern edge of Miller Beach along County Line Road, one block south of Lake Michigan.

Geography and Climate

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, of it is land and of it (12.25%) is water. The city sits on the southern end of the former lake bed of the prehistoric Lake Chicago, and the current Lake Michigan. Most of the city's soil nearly one foot below the surface is pure sand. The sand beneath Gary, and on its beaches, is of such high quality that in years past it was mined for the manufacture of glass. Gary has many statues of Elbert H. Gary in the city. It also has a lot of historical sites to visit. Gary is "T" shaped, with its northern border on Lake Michigan. At the Northwesternmost section Gary borders Hammond and East Chicago. Miller Beach, its easternmost neighborhood, borders Lake Station and Portage. Gary's southernmost section borders Hobart and Merrillville.

Climate

Although Gary is located at a roughly similar latitude as New York City, the climate is colder in the winter because of a more continental influence. In July and August, the warmest months, high temperatures average 84 °F (29 °C) and peak just above 100 °F (38 °C) and low temperatures average 63 °F (17 °C). In January and February, the coldest months, high temperatures average around 29 °F (−2 °C) and low temperatures average 13 °F (−11 °C), with at least a few days of temperatures dipping below 0 °F (−18 °C). The weather of Gary is greatly regulated by its proximity to Lake Michigan, as it sits at the lake's southernmost point. Weather varies yearly. In summer months Gary is humid. The city's yearly precipitation averages about 40 inches. Summer is the rainiest season. Winters vary but are predominantly snowy with regular blizzards. Snowfall in Gary can average 24 to 36 inches per winter, but sometimes large blizzards hit because of "lake effect snow", a phenomenon wherein large amounts of water evaporated from the lake deposits onto the shoreline areas inordinate amounts of snow.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 102,746 people, 38,244 households, and 25,623 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,045.5 people per square mile (789.8/km²). There were 43,630 housing units at an average density of 868.6 per square mile (335.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 84.03% African American, 11.92% White, 0.21% Native American, 0.14% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 1.97% from other races, and 1.71% from two or more races. 4.93% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. The U.S. census figures show that Gary had a population of 80,294 for the 2010 census, a nearly 20% drop compared to the 2000 census.

There were 38,244 households out of which 31.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 30.2% were married couples living together, 30.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.0% were non-families. 28.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.28.

In the city the population was spread out with 29.9% under the age of 18, 10.1% from 18 to 24, 25.1% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 12.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 84.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $27,195, and the median income for a family was $32,205. Males had a median income of $34,992 versus $24,432 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,383. About 22.2% of families and 25.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 37.9% of those under age 18 and 14.1% of those age 65 or over.

City and Community Services

Parks

Brunswick Park

Marquette Park

Pittman Square

Gleason Park

Jefferson Park

Buffington Park

Hillman Park

Medical Facilities

Gary Community Health Center and Adult and Children's General Dentist 1021 West 5th Avenue, Gary, IN 46402

Methodist Hospital 600 Grant Street, Gary, IN 46402-6099

Rainbow Medical Center 1465 West 16th Avenue, Gary, IN 46407-1025

Education

There are three school districts serving the city as well as multiple charter schools located within the city.

Public Schools

Most public schools in Gary are administered by the Gary Community School Corporation. The other public schools within the city are administered by Lake Ridge Schools Corporation, which is the school system for the Black Oak neighborhood and unincorporated Calumet Township. Due to annexation law, Black Oak residents retained their original school system and were not required to attend Gary public schools. Some Gary residents in the eastern edge of the community attend schools administered by the River Forest Community School Corporation.

Charter Schools

Charter schools in Indiana, including those in Gary, are granted charters by one of a small number of chartering institutions. Indiana charter schools are generally managed in cooperation between the chartering institution, a local board of parents and community members, salaried school administrators, and a management company. Charter schools in Gary as of 2011 include KIPP Lead College Prep Charter School, Thea Bowman Leadership Academy, Charter School of the Dunes, Gary Lighthouse Charter School, Twenty-first Century, and West Gary Lighthouse Charter School.

Higher Education

Gary is home to two regional state college campuses:

Indiana University Northwest

Ivy Tech Community College Northwest

Public Libraries

The Gary Public Library System consists of the main library at 220 West 5th Avenue and several branches: Brunswick Branch, W. E. B. DuBois Branch, J. F. Kennedy Branch, Tolleston Branch, and Woodson Branch. In March 2011, the Gary Library Board voted to close the main library on 5th Avenue and the Tolleston branch in what officials said was their best economic option. The main library will close by the end of 2011. Lake County Public Library operates the Black Oak Branch at 5921 West 25th Avenue in the Gary city limits. In addition Indiana University Northwest operates the Indiana University Northwest Library on its campus.

Public Safety

Gary is served by the Gary Police Department and Gary Fire Department. Gary is also served by the Lake County Sheriff's Department.

Transportation

NICTD (Northern Indiana Commuter Transportation District) operates the South Shore Line, a commuter rail system (one of the United States' last original operating interurban railway systems), running between Chicago and South Bend.

GPTC (Gary Public Transportation Corporation) a commuter bus system that offers service to numerous stops throughout the city and neighboring suburbs. GPTC also has express service to locations outside of the city including connections to Chicago transit. Front door pickup is available for disabled citizens at no extra cost.

GYY (Gary/Chicago International Airport) is operating as the "third airport" for the Chicago area. It is currently undergoing much federally funded expansion, and the administration is courting airlines aggressively. Boeing already bases their corporate fleets here. The National Guard is intending to base their Chicago area air operation there as well, which would add much needed security to the airport, taking away some of the stigma of an airport in Gary.

Interstate 90 (Indiana Toll Road), Interstate 80, Interstate 94, and Interstate 65 run through Gary, as well as U.S. Routes 12 and 20, Indiana State Road 912/Cline Avenue and a former stretch of Indiana State Road 312 now decommissioned.

Culture

Arts and movies

The 1996 urban gangster movie ''Original Gangstas'' was filmed in Gary, Indiana. The movie starred Pam Grier, Jim Brown, Fred Williamson, Richard Roundtree and Isabel Sanford, among others. Since the early 2000's Gary has experienced a surge of Hollywood filmakers wishing to shot movies in the city. In 2009 scenes for the remake of ''A Nightmare On Elm Street'' were filmed in Gary. Scenes from ''Transformers: Dark of the Moon'' wrapped up filming on August 16, 2010.

The History channel documentary, Life After People was filmed in run-down and derelict parts of Gary, Indiana.

Meredith Willson's 1957 Broadway musical ''The Music Man'' featured the song "Gary, Indiana,", and described Gary Conservatory as the alleged alma mater of lead character Professor Harold Hill ("Gary Music Conservatory, Class of '05!"). The joke in Hill's claim, of course, is that the City of Gary wasn't founded until 1906. Willson's musical, set in 1912, later was the basis of a film (1962) and a made-for-television film (2003).

Sports

The following sports franchises are based in Gary:

The Gary SouthShore RailCats are an American Association, professional baseball team. The team plays in Gary's U.S. Steel Yard baseball stadium. The RailCats played in the Northern League from 2002 until 2010 and were the 2005 and 2007 Northern League Champions.

The Gary Splash are an International Basketball League, professional basketball team. The team plays in Gary's Genesis Convention Center. Formerly the Gary Steelheads played in the IBL, CBA, USBL and IBL.

Sister city

Fuxin, People's Republic of China

Notable natives and residents

Gary is the hometown of the Jackson family, a family of musicians who influenced the sound of modern popular music. Joe and Katherine Jackson originally moved into their two bedroom house at 2300 Jackson St. in Gary, Indiana, after they got married on November 5, 1949. The famous siblings would later record a song entitled "2300 Jackson Street" in the 1990s.

Members of the Jackson family include:

*Maureen Reillette "Rebbie" Jackson (born May 29, 1950)

*Sigmund Esco "Jackie" Jackson (born May 4, 1951)

*Toriano Adaryll "Tito" Jackson (born October 15, 1953)

*Jermaine La Jaune Jackson (born December 11, 1954)

*La Toya Yvonne Jackson (born May 29, 1956)

*Marlon David Jackson (born March 12, 1957)

*Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009)

*Steven Randall "Randy" Jackson (born October 29, 1961)

*Janet Damita Jo Jackson (born May 16, 1966)

Other notables include

Dan Barreiro, sports radio talk show host

Albert M. Bielawski, former Michigan State Representative

Frank Borman (born 1928), astronaut on Gemini 7 and Apollo 8, former CEO of Eastern Air Lines

Avery Brooks (born 1948), (born in Evansville) actor, director, best known for ''Star Trek: Deep Space Nine''

Karen Freeman-Wilson, former Indiana Attorney General, attorney, politician

Freddie Gibbs, rapper

LaTroy Hawkins (born December 21, 1972) MLB Pitcher for the Milwaukee Brewers

Gerald Irons, former NFL star, Oakland Raiders

Tank Johnson, NFL star

Alex Karras, former NFL star, actor in ''Blazing Saddles''

Robert Kearns, inventor of the intermittent windshield wiper systems.

Ron Kittle, former Chicago White Sox outfielder and 1983 American League Rookie of the Year recipient

Bob Kuechenberg, former NFL star, guard on 1972 Miami Dolphins perfect season team

Karl Malden (1912–2009), (born in Chicago) Oscar winning actor

William Marshall, actor

Brandon Moore (born 1980), NFL guard for the New York Jets

Dan Plesac (born 1962), former Major League Baseball pitcher with an 18-year career, now a MLB Network analyst

Glenn Robinson (born 1973), former NBA basketball player

Paul Samuelson (1915–2009), economist, recipient of the John Bates Clark Medal (1947) and the Nobel prize (1970)

Joseph Stiglitz (born 1943), economist, recipient of the John Bates Clark Medal (1979) and the Nobel prize (2001)

Ernest Lee Thomas, actor

Deniece Williams (born 1950), Grammy Award winning R&B; artist

Fred Williamson, former NFL star, actor, director, producer

Tony Zale (1913–1997), middleweight champion of the world twice

Business and Industry

Media

Newspapers – Gary is served by two major newspapers based outside the city, as well as a Gary-based, largely African-American interest paper. These papers provide regional topics, and cover events in Gary.

*''The Post-Tribune'', originally the Gary Post-Tribune, is now based in Merrillville, a suburb of Gary.

*''The Times'', previously known as the ''Hammond Times''. Offices and facilities for ''The Times'' are in nearby Munster.

*''The Gary Crusader'', based in Gary and largely focused on black or African-American interests and readership.

*''The INFO Newspaper'', based in Gary and largely focused on black or (African-American) interests and readership.

The ''Chicago Tribune'' and the ''Chicago Sun-Times'' are also prevalent in Gary.

Broadcast – Gary is served by five local broadcasters plus government access and numerous Chicago area radio and TV stations, and by other nearby stations in Illinois and Indiana.

WHNW-LD (Channel 18) a repeater of LeSEA's WHME in South Bend.

*WPWR (Channel 50) is the Chicago My Network TV affiliate, but is licensed to Gary. Studios and transmitters are co-located with WFLD's in Chicago, and like WFLD, WPWR is owned by Fox Television Stations.

*WYIN (Channel 56) is a PBS affiliate licensed to Gary. Their studios are in Merrillville.

*WGVE (FM 88.7) is owned by the Gary Community School Corporation, and is used primarily as a teaching facility. Programming is maintained by students in the broadcast program at the Gary Career Center. WGVE also carries limited NPR programming.

*WLTH (AM 1370) carries syndicated talk programming, and is owned by Pluria Marshall Jr.

*WWCA (AM 1270) is presently a Relevant Radio owned-and-operated radio station, carrying programming from the Catholic-oriented Relevant Radio network.

See also

Chicago Metropolitan Area

Northwest Indiana

References

External links

City of Gary, Indiana website

Photos of abandoned buildings in Gary, IN 2011

Photos galleries of Gary, Indiana from 2005

U.S. Steel Gary Works Photograph Collection, 1906–1971

MillerBeachDays

Dave's Den – providing extensive coverage on the history and development of the City of Gary

More current photos of Gary's buildings

Gary at night

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playername	Wasim Akram
country	Pakistan
fullname	Wasim Akram Chaudhry
nickname	Sultan of Swing, The Two W's (with Waqar Younis), King Of Swing
living	true
dayofbirth	3
monthofbirth	6
yearofbirth	1966
placeofbirth	Lahore, Punjab
countryofbirth	Pakistan
heightft	6
heightinch	2
heightm	1.88
batting	Left hand bat
bowling	Left arm fast
role	(All-rounder) bowler and batsman
international	true
testdebutdate	25 January
testdebutyear	1985
testdebutagainst	New Zealand
testcap	102
lasttestdate	9 January
lasttestyear	2002
lasttestagainst	Bangladesh
odidebutdate	23 November
odidebutyear	1984
odidebutagainst	New Zealand
odicap	53
lastodidate	4 March
lastodiyear	2003
lastodiagainst	Zimbabwe
odishirt	3
club1	Hampshire
year1	2003
club2	Lahore
year2	2000–2001
club3	Lahore
year3	1997–1998
club4	Pakistan International Airlines
year4	1992–2002
club5	Lancashire
year5	1988–1998
club6	Lahore
year6	1986–1987
club7	Lahore
year7	1985–1986
club8	Pakistan Automobiles Corporation
year8	1984–1986
columns	4
column1	Test
matches1	104
runs1	2898
bat avg1	22.64
100s/50s1	3/7
top score1	257*
deliveries1	22627
wickets1	414
bowl avg1	23.62
fivefor1	25
tenfor1	5
best bowling1	7/119
catches/stumpings1	44/0
column2	ODI
matches2	356
runs2	3717
bat avg2	16.52
100s/50s2	0/6
top score2	86
deliveries2	18186
wickets2	502
bowl avg2	23.52
fivefor2	6
tenfor2	0
best bowling2	5/15
catches/stumpings2	88/0
column3	FC
matches3	257
runs3	7161
bat avg3	22.73
100s/50s3	7/24
top score3	257*
deliveries3	50278
wickets3	1042
bowl avg3	21.64
fivefor3	70
tenfor3	16
best bowling3	8/30
catches/stumpings3	97/0
column4	LA
matches4	594
runs4	6993
bat avg4	18.90
100s/50s4	0/17
top score4	89*
deliveries4	29719
wickets4	881
bowl avg4	21.91
fivefor4	12
tenfor4	0
best bowling4	5/10
catches/stumpings4	147/0
date	11 January
year	2008
source	http://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/1/1774/1774.html CricketArchive }}

Wasim Akram (}}) born 3 June 1966 is a former Pakistani left arm fast bowler and left-handed batsman in cricket, who represented the Pakistan national cricket team in Test cricket and One Day International matches.

Akram is regarded as one of the best fast bowlers in the history of cricket. He holds the world record for most wickets in List A cricket with 881 and is second only to Sri Lankan off-spin bowler, Muttiah Muralitharan in terms of One Day International wickets with 502. He is considered to be one of the founders and perhaps the finest exponent of reverse swing bowling. The revolutionary nature of reverse swing initially resulted in accusations of ball tampering by cricket critics, although the skill of the reverse swing delivery has now been accepted as a legitimate ability in cricket. Akram's later career was also tarnished with accusations of match fixing by critics, although these remain unproven.

On 30 September 2009, Akram was one of five new members inducted into the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame.

Early and personal life

Akram was born in Lahore, Pakistan on 3 June 1966, to a moderately affluent middle-class family. He was educated at Islamia College in Lahore, where he played as an opening bowler and batsman. Like several other Pakistani cricketers during the 1980s, his inclusion into the national side was at the behest of a senior player in the team, which in Akram's case, was Javed Miandad.

Akram was diagnosed with diabetes at the peak of his career but despite the initial psychological blow, he managed to regain his form and went on to produce fine cricketing performances. Since then he has actively sought to be involved in various awareness-raising campaigns for diabetes.

He was married to Huma Mufti in 1995. They had two sons Taimur and Akbar from their marriage of fifteen years. Huma died of multiple organ failure at Apollo Hospital in Chennai, India on 25 October 2009.

International career

First-class cricket

In 1988 he signed for Lancashire County Cricket Club in England and went on to become their most successful overseas players. From 1988 to 1998, he opened their bowling attack in their ECB Trophy, Benson & Hedges Cup and National League tournaments. He was a favourite of the local British fans who used to sing a song called "Wasim for England" at Lancashire's matches. In 1998, with Akram as captain, Lancashire won the ECB Trophy and Axa League and finished second in the championship tournament despite losing only five matches in all competitions throughout the season. Apart from the National League second division title in 2003, this was the last time Lancashire won a trophy.

Test cricket

Akram made his Test cricket debut for Pakistan against New Zealand in 1985 and in only his second Test match, he claimed 10 wickets. A few weeks prior to his selection into the Pakistan team, he was an unknown club cricketer who had failed to make it even to his college team. He came to the trials at Gaddafi Stadium in Lahore in Pakistan, but for the first two days he did not get a chance to bowl. On the third day he got a chance; his performance convincing Javed Miandad to insist upon his inclusion in the national team. Akram was hence given an opportunity to play for Pakistan, without any significant domestic experience. Later that season he opened the bowling attack with Imran Khan, who became his mentor at and after the World Championship of Cricket in Australia.

In the 1987 Cricket World Cup, when Pakistan played against the West Indies, Akram bowled to Viv Richards in the late overs of the innings but Richards, who is regarded as the best batsman during that period, struggled against Akram's bowling performances.

Akram's rise in international cricket was rapid during the late 1980s. When Pakistan toured the West Indies in 1988, he looked to be the fastest bowler between the two sides. However, a groin injury impeded his career in the late 1980s. Following two surgeries, he re-emerged in the 1990s as a fast bowler who focused more on swing and accurate bowling.

One Day International

Akram was a significant figure in the 1992 Cricket World Cup held in Australia, when Pakistan won the tournament. In the final against England, his batting performance during his innings of 33 runs off 19 balls, pushed Pakistan to a respectable score of 249 runs for 6 wickets. Akram then took the important wicket of Ian Botham early on the English batting innings and when brought back into the bowling attack later on, with the ball reverse swinging, he produced a devastating spell of bowling which led to Allan Lamb and Chris Lewis being bowled in successive deliveries in one over. His excellent performances earned him the Man of the Match award for the final.

He also captained Pakistan with some success. The high points of his captaincy was the 1996–1997 victory in the World Series Cricket in Australia, two Test match wins in India in 1998–1999 and in 1999, when Pakistan reached the 1999 Cricket World Cup final. The low point was the 1996 Cricket World Cup in Pakistan and India, when he had to pull out of the quarter final match against India, citing injury. After Pakistan's defeat, there were angry protests outside his home and riots across the country from angry fans who accused the team of throwing the match and a government inquiry was launched into the failure.

In 1999, he led Pakistan to the brink of victory in the World Cup before they capitulated and was defeated by Australia in the final, by eight wickets with almost 30 overs to spare. This was the start of the match fixing controversies, as critics believed Akram had set up the match for Australia. However, none of the allegations could be proved.

He was Pakistan's best bowler in the 2003 Cricket World Cup taking 19 wickets in 7 matches. However, Pakistan failed to reach the "Super Six" phase of the tournament and Akram was one of the eight players to be sacked by the Pakistan Cricket Board as a result.

Retirement

On 18 May 2003, at the age of 36, Akram abruptly announced his retirement from international cricket, ending a career which spanned 19 years. He had suggested that he was ready to quit several times towards the end of his career, but Pakistan's sub-par performance in the World Cup proved to be the deciding factor.

Prior to his retirement, he was one of eight senior players dropped for the Sharjah Cup in April 2003, and was then omitted from the Pakistan squad for the subsequent Bank Alfalah Cup triangular series. Due to his omission from the team, he did not participate in a farewell match.

Akram fulfilled his contract play for Hampshire until the end of the English season.

Post retirement

Media career

Since retiring from cricket, Akram has worked and taken up commentary for television networks and can currently be seen as a sports commentator for ESPN Star Sports and ARY Digital among others. He did commentary on a variety of sporting tournaments including the 2009 Women's Cricket World Cup in Australia, the 2009 ICC World Twenty20 in England, the 2009 ICC Champions Trophy in South Africa, and the 2011 ICC World Cup in India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh.

Coaching career

In 2010, Akram was appointed the bowling coach consultant of Kolkata Knight Riders, the Indian Premier League team for Kolkata. Sourav Ganguly was always keen to have Akram as the bowling coach for India, during the former's stint as Indian captain. Although this never happened, his dreams were realised to some extent, when Akram was appointed as the bowling coach for the franchise. While working for the Kolkata Knight Riders, he was also responsible for the signing of Pakistani domestic left-arm fast-bowler Mohammad Irfan. Akram has also been coaching in Pakistan fast bowling camps; his most notable discovery being the teenage Pakistani international, Mohammad Aamer.

Skills in cricket

During his professional career he bowled with genuine speed and hostility. Akram was a man possessed of accurate control of line and length, accompanied by seam and swing bowling skills, extended to both inswingers and outswingers. With a very quick bowling action, he could bowl equally well from both sides of the wicket. His mastery of reverse swing with the cricket ball meant he was at his most dangerous towards a bowling innings, and earned him the nickname of one of the "Sultans of Swing", the other one being Waqar Younis.

As well as often being able to find the edge of the bat, Akram would also focus his bowling attack on the stumps and had a particularly lethal inswinging yorker. Of his 414 Test wickets, 193 were taken caught, 119 were taken leg before wicket and 102 were bowled. In partnership with Waqar Younis, he intimidated international batsmen in the 1990s. Together Wasim and Waqar, known as "the two Ws" of the Pakistani team, were one of the most successful bowling partnerships in cricket.

Akram was also skilled with the bat and was regarded as a bowling all-rounder. He was especially effective against spin bowlers. However, he liked to slog and was criticised for his lack of high scores and giving away his wicket too cheaply for a player of his talent. He did silence his critics and the media in October 1996 when he scored 257 runs not out, of the team's total of 553 against Zimbabwe at Sheikhupura. He also achieved good scores for the Pakistan team such as his scores of 123 and 45* against Australia to take Pakistan to victory in a low scoring match. His batting was also valuable to the Pakistan ODI side, such as his match winning performance in the Nehru Cup, when needing six runs and two balls to win the match; he hit the first delivery he faced for six runs and secured the cup.

Award and records

Akram was awarded Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1993 for his sporting achievements.

In his Test career, Akram took 414 wickets in 104 matches, a Pakistani record, at an average of 23.62 and scored 2,898 runs, at an average of 22.64.

In One Day Internationals, Akram took 502 wickets in 356 appearances, at an average of 23.52 and scored 3,717 runs, at an average of 16.52.

Akram was the first bowler in international cricket to take more than 400 wickets in both forms of the game and only Muttiah Muralitharan has since achieved this.

Akram also held the record for the most wickets in Cricket World Cups, a total of 55 in 38 matches. Australia's Glenn McGrath broke the record during the 2007 Cricket World Cup, ending with a final tally of 71 from 39 matches. On passing Wasim's record, McGrath said, "Wasim Akram, to me, is one of the greatest bowlers of all time. Left-armer, swung it both ways with the new ball and he was so dangerous with the old ball. To go past him is something I will always remember. Probably the other side of the coin is that if you play long enough, you're going to break records here and there."

Akram took four hat-tricks in international cricket, two each in Tests matches and One Day Internationals. He is the only bowler in cricket to have achieved four hat-tricks. He was the third of only three bowlers to have taken two Test cricket hat-tricks, the others being Hugh Trumble and Jimmy Matthews. Akram was also the first of only five bowlers to have taken two One Day International cricket hat-tricks. Akram's Test hat-tricks are significant, since they were taken in consecutive Test matches in the same series, a game played against Sri Lanka in the 1998-99 Asian Test Championship. Akram is also one of only two bowlers to have taken both a Test match and One Day International hat-trick, the other being Pakistan fast bowler, Mohammad Sami.

Playing in a Test series against the West Indies at Lahore in 1990–1991, he became one of only six players to have taken four wickets in an over during a Test match. In Akram's case, these achievement was not part of a hat-trick, the third ball he delivered to the batting opposition was a dropped catch, which allowed a single run.

Akram has also achieved the highest score by a number eight batsman in Test cricket when he scored 257 runs not out from 363 balls against Zimbabwe at Sheikhupura. The innings contained 12 sixes which is also a world record for Test cricket.

He also has the third highest number of Man of the Match awards in Test cricket, with seventeen.

He has scored the record number of runs in One Day International matches by a player who has never scored a One Day International hundred. His highest score was 86 runs.

Cricket controversies

In 1992, after he had been successful against the English batsmen, accusations of ball tampering began to appear in the English media, though no video evidence of foul play was ever found. Akram and Younis had been able to obtain prodigious amounts of movement from both new and old cricket balls. The skill of the reverse swing delivery was relatively unknown in England and around the cricketing world during that period.

A far larger controversy was created when critics alleged that he was involved in match fixing. An inquiry commission was set up by the Pakistan Cricket Board headed by a Pakistan high court judge, Malik Mohammad Qayyum. The judge wrote in his report that:

References

External links

Category:Pakistan One Day International cricketers Category:Pakistan Test cricketers Category:Pakistani cricket captains Category:Hampshire cricketers Category:Lahore cricketers Category:People from Lahore Category:Lancashire cricketers Category:Lancashire cricket captains Category:Pakistan Automobiles Corporation cricketers Category:Pakistan International Airlines cricketers Category:Wisden Cricketers of the Year Category:Wisden Leading Cricketers in the World Category:Test cricket hat-trick takers Category:One Day International hat-trick takers Category:Cricket commentators Category:Cricketers at the 1987 Cricket World Cup Category:Cricketers at the 1992 Cricket World Cup Category:Cricketers at the 1996 Cricket World Cup Category:Cricketers at the 1999 Cricket World Cup Category:Cricketers at the 2003 Cricket World Cup Category:1966 births Category:Living people Category:Pakistani Muslims Category:Pakistani Sunni Muslims Category:Punjabi people Category:International Cricket Council Hall of Fame inductees

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country	Pakistan
fullname	Shoaib Akhtar
nickname	Rawalpindi Express
living	true
dayofbirth	13
monthofbirth	8
yearofbirth	1975
placeofbirth	Rawalpindi, Punjab
countryofbirth	Pakistan
heightft	5
heightinch	11
batting	Right hand bat
bowling	Right arm fast
role	Bowler
international	true
testdebutdate	29 November
testdebutyear	1997
testdebutagainst	West Indies
testcap	150
lasttestdate	8 December
lasttestyear	2007
lasttestagainst	India
odidebutdate	28 March
odidebutyear	1998
odidebutagainst	Zimbabwe
odicap	123
lastodidate	8 March
lastodiyear	2011
lastodiagainst	New Zealand
odishirt	14
columns	3
column1	Test
matches1	46
runs1	544
bat avg1	10.07
100s/50s1	0/0
top score1	47
deliveries1	8,143
wickets1	178
bowl avg1	25.69
fivefor1	12
tenfor1	2
best bowling1	6/11
catches/stumpings1	12/–
column2	ODI
matches2	163
runs2	394
bat avg2	8.95
100s/50s2	0/0
top score2	43
deliveries2	7,764
wickets2	247
bowl avg2	24.97
fivefor2	4
tenfor2	n/a
best bowling2	6/16
catches/stumpings2	20/–
column3	T20I
matches3	15
runs3	21
bat avg3	7.00
100s/50s3	0/0
top score3	8*
deliveries3	318
wickets3	19
bowl avg3	22.73
fivefor3	0
tenfor3	n/a
best bowling3	3/38
catches/stumpings3	2/–
date	8 November
year	2010
source	http://www.cricinfo.com/pakistan/content/player/42655.html Cricinfo }}

Shoaib Akhtar (Punjabi, }}; born 13 August 1975 in Rawalpindi, Punjab) is a former Pakistani right arm fast bowler in cricket, who is regarded as the fastest bowler in the history of cricket. He set an official world record by achieving the fastest delivery, when he clocked in at 161.3 km/h (100.2 mph) in his bowling speed, twice at a cricket match against England. His ability to bowl fast yorkers and quick bouncers have made him one of the best fast bowlers in cricket.

However, he has been involved in several controversies during his career, often accused of not being a team player. Akhtar was sent home during the Test match series in Australia in 2005 for alleged poor attitude. A year later, he was embroiled in a drug scandal after testing positive to a banned substance. However, the ban imposed on him was lifted on court appeal. In September 2007, Akhtar was banned for an indefinite period for his fight with Pakistan team mate and fast bowler Mohammad Asif. On 1 April 2008, Akhtar was banned for five years for publicly criticizing the Pakistan Cricket Board. In October 2008, the Lahore High Court in Pakistan suspended the five year ban and Akhtar was selected in the 15-man squad for the Twenty20 Quadrangular Tournament in Canada. Pakistani judge, Rana Bhagwandas stated once that, Akhtar is a legend of Pakistan cricket. He retired from international cricket after the 2011 World Cup.

Early years

Akhtar was born at Morgah, a small town near Rawalpindi, Punjab in Pakistan. His father was a plant operator in Attock Oil Refinery, Morgah. Akhtar started his studies at Elliott High School, Morgah and then took admission in the Asghar Mall College, Rawalpindi.

Career

International career

Akhtar's run of impressive performances started in the 1990s. In 1999, during a pre-World Cup series against India, he rose to prominence. It was followed by outstanding bowling performances in Sharjah and later in 1999 Cricket World Cup. His most significant performance was in India in 1999 when he captured eight wickets in the Asian Test championship match at Calcutta – including the wickets of Indian batsman Sachin Tendulkar and Rahul Dravid off successive deliveries. This was Akhtar's first encounter with Sachin Tendulkar, in which Akthar bowled him off the first delivery he delivered to the batsman.

In 2002, he was selected for the Pakistan team against Australia and achieved success. However he performed poorly during the 2003 Cricket World Cup and after the tournament he was dropped from the Pakistan squad. He was selected back into the Pakistan squad in the 2004 Test match series against New Zealand, but struggled in a losing Test series against India in 2004. The series ended with a controversy when he left the field citing an injury leading to suspicions by former Pakistan captain, Inzamam-ul-Haq, about his commitment to the team. As a result, his relationship with Inzamam-ul-Haq and former Pakistan coach Bob Woolmer deteriorated. A medical panel was set up by the Pakistan Cricket Board to investigate the nature of his injury, however Pakistan officials dispelled all suspicions.

In 2005, Akhtar regained his reputation as a fast bowler for his side. Playing in a three Test home series against England, he made a series of impressive bowling performances. His effective use of slower deliveries proved to be unplayable by the English batsmen. Akhtar emerged as the highest wicket taker of the series with seventeen wickets. His comeback was also remarkable as prior to his return, he had been criticized from all corners-such as by the Worcestershire chairman John Elliot for his celebrity attitude and lack of commitment to team. His performance was also acknowledged by the English captain Michael Vaughan, who remarked "I thought he (Shoaib) was a big difference between the two teams". He is also known as the only bowler ever to break the 100 mph barrier in cricket bowling history, with a delivery of 100.2 mph, and this delivery at stands as the fastest recorded to date.

Struggle for form and consistent injuries (2007–2009)

On 29 October 2007, Akhtar made his return to cricket, from his 13 match ban and performed well, taking 4 wickets for 43 runs against South Africa in the fifth and deciding One Day International series in Lahore in Pakistan. Subsequently, he was included in the 16 man Pakistan squad for the 2007 tour of India, which he completed successfully without further incident and injury.

Rehabilitation and final years (2010–2011)

Akhtar made a return to international cricket albeit in the shorter format of the game. In May 2010, PCB named him in a list of 35 probables for the Asia Cup. On 15 June 2010, Akhtar made his return, taking 3 wickets for 28 runs in the first match of the Asia Cup against Sri Lanka. He narrowly missed out a spot in the 2010 ICC World Twenty20 in place of the injured Umar Gul.

In July 2010, he was selected for the Twenty20 series against Australia but the selectors decided not to play him in the Test squad so that he would not get injured. He was subsequently selected for the ODI and Twenty20 series against England in September 2010.

Akhtar returned to the national side representing the country against England in the Twenty20 International. He bowled an impressive spell and returned with figures of 2 wickets for 23 runs. He continued to bowl well in the ODI series in the absence of regular fast-bowlers, Mohammad Asif and Mohammad Amir, who were suspended by the International Cricket Council amid allegations of Spot-fixing. Despite his relatively good bowling form, Pakistani coach Waqar Younis insisted that the bowling attack must not become reliant on Akhtar, as he is 35 years of age and fitness troubles continue to affect him. Akhtar was selected for the tour of New Zealand and started his campaign off well with 3 wickets on Boxing Day in the first of two Twenty20 Internationals against New Zealand.

Akhtar was selected in Pakistan's 15-man squad to play in the 2011 World Cup hosted by Bangladesh, India, and Sri Lanka in February to March. During the tournament, he announced that he would retire from international cricket at the end of the World Cup.

Domestic career

England county cricket

Akhtar has played for three English county cricket clubs, including Somerset in 2001, Durham in 2003 and 2004 and Worcestershire in 2005. He did achieve his moments of success, such as taking 5 wickets for 35 runs for Durham against Somerset in the National League in 2003 and claiming 6 wickets for 16 runs in the same competition for Worcestershire against Glamorgan two years later, but he suffered from fitness problems, as well as a perception that he was less than interested in his task. This was particularly the case at Worcestershire: chairman John Elliott said "Players like that are no good to our club. In fact, Akhtar has been no good for any club he's been at. He's a superstar and just does what he wants."

Indian Premier League

Akhtar made a successful return to cricket in his first game in the Indian Premier League, playing for the Kolkata Knight Riders against the Delhi Daredevils. Defending a low score of 133 runs, Akhtar took four top order wickets which ultimately led to the Daredevils being restricted to 110 runs. He ended with figures of 4 wickets for 11 runs from three overs, a performance which earned him the player of the match award. Akhtar denied that he had any point to prove with his performance, stating, "I just wanted to win the game." Knight Riders' captain Sourav Ganguly also acknowledged Akhtar's performance, "He came to the country with lots [of things] happening behind him...But he showed a lot of character." It has been widely reported that the Knight Riders have released Akhtar from his contract due to his injury history but the Knight Riders' officials have denied these reports and said they are still in talks with the fast bowler.

He has also played for Cyclones of Chittagong in Bangladesh's NCL T20 Bangladesh.

Cricket controversies and injuries

Akhtar's career has been plagued with injuries, controversies and accusations of poor attitude. After rising into international stardom at a young age due to his speed, due to his interesting personality and charisma glamour seemed to follow him, some say at the detriment of his sporting focus. Although he eventually crossed the 100 mph barrier, his attitude took its toll on his reputation as well as his fitness. After a poor performance in the 2003 Cricket World Cup, he got involved in a verbal conflict with former Pakistan captain and fast bowler Waqar Younis. Later on Akhtar was sacked along with other players, including Younis. In a triangular series in 2003 held in Sri Lanka, he was caught tampering with the cricket ball, making him the second player in cricket to be banned on ball tampering charges. The same year he was banned for one Test match and two One Day International matches for abusing South African spin bowler Paul Adams, during a match against South Africa.

In the 2004 home series with India, he struggled with wrist and back injuries, which raised questions about their commitment to the team. His relationship with the captain and the coach deteriorated further partially due to team politics.

He was sent back from the 2005 Australia tour with a hamstring injury amid rumors of indiscipline, lack of commitment and attitudinal complaints. He was subsequently fined by the Pakistan Cricket Board for avoiding a late night curfew. The rest of his cricketing career was riddled with ankle and knee injuries which forced him to undergo a surgery in February 2006, until finally he was banned for two years for allegedly using performance enhancing drugs.

In November 2006, an officer assigned to the Pakistan team in India, Anil Kaul, alleged that Akhtar had slapped former coach Bob Woolmer following a fight over the music to be played in the team bus on the eve of ICC Champions Trophy. Both Akhtar and Woolmer have strongly denied these allegations.

Drug scandal

On 16 October 2006 Akhtar was suspended by the Pakistan Cricket Board, along with Mohammed Asif after the pair were tested positive for a performance-enhancing substance nandrolone. They were consequently pulled out from the ICC Champions Trophy 2006. Former Pakistan Cricket Board chairman later stated that he had always suspected Akhtar of substance abuse due to his consistent "reservations" to drug tests. Former Pakistan captain Inzamam ul-Haq had also previously complained about Akhtar's drug abuse but was not reported to the Pakistan Cricket Board. Pakistan news reports state that federal capital police had arrested Shoaib along with drugs some three years ago.

Akhtar immediately declared his innocence and he declined knowingly taking any performance enhancing drugs. In a statement issued to the press, he claimed that he could never cheat team-mates or opponents. During a hearing with the Pakistan Cricket Board Anti-Doping Committee, he along with Asif maintained taking non-steroidal dietary supplements. He, however, failed to convince the committee of his innocence. In its report submitted to the Pakistan Cricket Board and the Anti-Doping Committee recommended a two year ban.

On 1 November 2006 the Pakistan Cricket Board handed down a two-year suspension to Akhtar and a one-year suspension to Asif, banning them from professional cricket during the period. Shoaib had subsequently been added to Pakistan Olympic Association list of doping offenders. However, on 5 December 2006 represented by his lawyer Abid Hassan Minto, Akhtar was cleared on appeal.

Acquittal

On 5 December 2006 Akhtar and Asif were acquitted by the tribunal appointed to review their appeals against the drugs ban imposed on them by an earlier committee. After a clear hearing from Akhtar's lawyer Abid Hassan Minto, the three-man committee, headed by Justice Fakhruddin Ebrahim, voted two to one in favour of the acquittal. Haseeb Ahsan, former Test cricketer and Ebrahim were in favour of the acquittal while the third member, Danish Zaheer, dissented. “Exceptional circumstances” were cited including discrepancies between the instantaneous offence charges of doping that were laid and the quick delivery of a very harsh verdict. The complete drug testing procedure was concluded to have been technically flawed as it did not follow standard procedures. Other established facts by the committee included that the duo were not aware of the banned drug to be present in their supplements because the Pakistan Cricket Board itself had not informed them of the dangers of contaminated supplements.

Both Akhtar and Asif were thankful to the Pakistan Cricket Board chairman Nasim Ashraf for giving them a fair trial and their team mates, captain and coach for the moral support. However, in 2006, they did not play in the Test match series against the West Indies because the Pakistan Cricket Board has recommended that they play domestic games first to recover form and fitness.

However, WADA, the World Anti-Doping Agency was to challenge Pakistan's decision to lift bans on fast bowlers Akhtar and Asif by taking the case to the Court of Arbitration for Sport in Lausanne, Switzerland. The ICC, cricket's world governing body, has supported the WADA appeal adding that it was committed to a dope free game.

On 1 March 2007 Akhtar and Asif were ruled out of the Pakistani squad for the 2007 Cricket World Cup by team officials, minutes before the squad was to depart for the West Indies. The team management along with the Pakistan Cricket Board said their injuries were too severe to risk taking them to the Caribbean. Since neither of the two had been declared fit they had not undergone official doping tests.

On 2 July 2007 the Court of Arbitration for Sport dropped the case, ruling it had no jurisdiction to challenge the decision made by PCB.

On 21 May 2009, Akhtar was dropped from his country's World Championship Twenty20 squad because of genital viral warts, previously reported as a skin infection.

Other controversies

In August 2007, Akhtar was reported to have used foul language against Pakistan Cricket Board protesting the imposing of fine of Rs. 300,000 for indiscipline during the national camp in Karachi. In the week before the inaugural World Twenty20, held in South Africa, Akhtar was rumoured to have hit Pakistani team mate Mohammad Asif with a bat, leaving a bruise on his left thigh. According to sources, the two were involved in a dressing room spat which resulted in Asif being struck by a bat on his left thigh. Sources said the fight between the two started after Asif and Shahid Afridi disagreed with Shoaib that he shared the same stature as Imran Khan in Pakistan cricket and even ridiculed him for making such a comparison. The injury was not thought to be anything more serious than a bruise but a team investigation into the matter was pending. After the initial inquiry, it would found that Akhtar was at fault and he was subsequently recalled from the Twenty20 World Cup squad and was sent home. He was also banned for 5 matches by the Pakistan Cricket Board and a lifetime ban may also seem imminent. Akhtar later claimed that Afridi was responsible for the fight, saying "He made some ill remarks about my family. And I could not tolerate them." Afridi however, denied these allegations adding that Asif would have suffered more injuries but for his intervention. Even Asif chipped in saying that Akhtar was lying and that "Shahid Afridi had nothing to do with the fight." saying that "he has not apologised to me." Akhtar later patched up with his team mates including Afridi and Asif

On 1 April 2008 Akhtar was banned for five years for violating the players' code of conduct. The ban extended to all cricket for and in Pakistan. Despite the ban not preventing him from playing in the Indian Premier League, the IPL governing council decided not to allow Akhtar to play in the tournament until the end of the ban or unless it is lifted. IS Bindra, a member of the council, was quoted as saying, "Even though they [the PCB] have cleared him to play for IPL, we felt that international discipline needs to be respected." Meanwhile, Akhtar vowed to go to great lengths to fight the ban, "I will appeal, as is my right. If that fails I will go to court, if that fails then I will go to the Supreme Court." On 3 April, Pakistan Cricket Board chairman Nasim Ashraf served a legal notice on Akhtar, calling on him to retract statements he made to a news channel, alleging the ban was punishment in return for refusing to give the chairman a share of his earnings from the Indian Premier League, Ashraf also sought damages of Rs100 million (approximately US$1.6 million) for "defaming him personally" and an additional Rs100 million to the Pakistan Cricket Board for "sullying the name of the Pakistan Cricket Board and the Pakistan Cricket team." A three-man appellate tribunal announced on 30 April that they had temporarily upheld Akhtar's five-year ban, deciding to revist the appeal hearing in June. Despite Akhtar's later retracting his claims and also issuing an unconditional apology for "any grief or embarrassment that may have been caused to the nation, particularly to the Pakistan Cricket Board chairman Dr Nasim Ashraf", Ashraf's legal counsel filed a Rs22 crore (approx US$3.37 million) defamation suit against Akhtar in a civil court in Lahore on 2 May. On 4 May, the Pakistan Cricket Board's appellate tribunal suspended the five-year ban for one month, until they reconvene on 4 June, allowing Akhtar to take part in the ongoing Indian Premier League. A day later, the Pakistan Cricket Board announced that they will no longer pursue the defamation suit following a reconciliation between Akhtar and chairman Nasim Ashraf at the house of Rehman Malik, a key political official, in Islamabad. "My honour has been vindicated and now the defamation lawsuit will not be pursued," Ashraf was quoted as saying.

On 4 September 2008, Akhtar was sent home by British immigration officials after landing at Heathrow airport without a valid working visa, authorities said he could not play without a working visa, though Akhtar had a valid visa to visit England but not a working visa, which is a prerequisite to play in county cricket. He subsequently obtained the necessary visa and returned to play with English county club Surrey.

Akhtar also threatened to sue the Pakistan Cricket Board after it was revealed that he had contracted a sexually transmitted disease (genital warts) and thus dropped from the 2009 world Twenty20 championship.

International bowling records

Test cricket: Five-wickets in an innings

3 Durban, South Africa 5/75 5/24 Sharjah (city) 6/11 6/50 5/48 6/30 >Wellington, New Zealand 5/60 5/99 5/109 5/71

Test cricket: Five-wickets in an innings
style="width:40px;"	Number !! style="width:50px;"|Figures !! style="width:50px;"|Match !! style="width:100px;"|Against !! style="width:150px;"|City/Country !! style="width:250px;"|Venue !! style="width:50px;"|Season
1	5/43	|	South Africa national cricket team>South Africa	Durban, S.A. ||	Kingsmead cricket ground, Durban>Kingsmead	1998
2	|	13	Sri Lankan national cricket team>Sri Lanka	Peshawar, Pakistan	Arbab Niaz Stadium	1999
3	|	16	West Indies cricket team>West Indies	Sharjah, UAE ||	Sharjah Cricket Association Stadium	2002
4	|	19	Australia national cricket team>Australia	Colombo, Sri Lanka	Paikiasothy Saravanamuttu Stadium>PSS	2002
5	|	25	Bangladesh national cricket team>Bangladesh	Peshawar, Pakistan	Arbab Niaz Stadium	2003
6	|	27	New Zealand national cricket team>New Zealand	Wellington, New Zealand>Wellington, New Zealand	Basin Reserve	2003
7	|	27	New Zealand national cricket team>New Zealand	Wellington, New Zealand ||	Basin Reserve	2003
8	|	30	Sri Lankan national cricket team>Sri Lanka	Faisalabad, Pakistan	Iqbal Stadium	2004
9	|	31	Australia national cricket team>Australia	Perth, Western Australia>Perth, Australia	WACA Ground	2004
10	|	32	Australia national cricket team>Australia	Melbourne, Australia	Melbourne Cricket Ground>MCG	2004
11	|	36	English cricket team>England	Lahore, Pakistan	Gaddafi Stadium	2005

Test cricket: Ten-wickets in a match

25 11/78

Test cricket: Ten-wickets in a match
style="width:40px;"	Number !! style="width:50px;"|Match Figures !! style="width:50px;"|Match !! style="width:100px;"|Against !! style="width:150px;"|City/Country !! style="width:250px;"|Venue !! style="width:50px;"|Season
1	10/80	|	Bangladesh national cricket team>Bangladesh	Peshawar, Pakistan	Arbab Niaz Stadium	2003
2	|	27	New Zealand national cricket team>New Zealand	Wellington, New Zealand>Wellington, New Zealand	Basin Reserve	2003

One Day International: Five-wickets in an innings

42 6/16 5/25 5/54

One Day International: Five-wickets in an innings
style="width:40px;"	Number !! style="width:50px;"|Match Figures !! style="width:50px;"|Match !! style="width:100px;"|Against !! style="width:150px;"|City/Country !! style="width:250px;"|Venue !! style="width:50px;"|Season
1	5/19	|	New Zealand national cricket team>New Zealand	Karachi, Pakistan	National Stadium, Karachi>National Stadium	2001
2	|	60	New Zealand national cricket team>New Zealand	Wellington, New Zealand>Wellington, New Zealand	Basin Reserve	2002
3	|	64	Australia national cricket team>Australia	Brisbane, Australia>Brisbane, Australia	Brisbane Cricket Ground>GABBA Ground	2002
4	|	127	English cricket team>England	Lahore, Pakistan	Gaddafi Stadium	2005

Career Best Performances

''as of 8 November 2010'' {|class=wikitable style="font-size:90%" |- !rowspan="1"| !colspan="4" rowspan="1"|Batting !colspan="4" rowspan="1"|Bowling |- ! !Score !Fixture !Venue !Season !Score !Fixture !Venue !Season |- |Tests |align="center"|47 |Pakistan v India |Faisalabad |align="center"|2006 |align="center"|6-11 |Pakistan v New Zealand |Lahore |align="center"|2002 |- |ODI |align="center"|43 |Pakistan v England |Cape Town |align="center"|2003 |align="center"|6-16 |Pakistan v New Zealand |Karachi |align="center"|2002 |- |T20I |align="center"|4 |Pakistan v England |Cardiff |align="center"|2010 |align="center"|2-11 |Pakistan v Canada |Ontario |align="center"|2008 |- |FC |align="center"|59* |KRL v PIA |Lahore (CCA) |align="center"|2001 |align="center"|6-11 |Pakistan v New Zealand |Lahore |align="center"|2002 |- |LA |align="center"|56 |KRL v Habib Bank |Lahore |align="center"|2003 |align="center"|6-16 |Pakistan v New Zealand |Karachi |align="center"|2002 |- |T20 |align="center"|14 |Islamabad Leopards v Peshawar Panthers |Karachi |align="center"|2006 |align="center"|5-23 |Rawalpindi Rams v Quetta Bears |Lahore (CCA) |align="center"|2005 |}

References

External links

Shoaib Akhtar's Official Website

www.skysports.com - Shoaib Akhtar's article

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bn:শোয়েব আখতার da:Shoaib Akhtar de:Shoaib Akhtar fr:Shoaib Akhtar kn:ಶೋಯೆಬ್‌ ಅಖ್ತರ್‌ mr:शोएब अख्तर no:Shoaib Akhtar ta:சோயிப் அக்தர் te:షోయబ్ అక్తర్ ur:شعیب اختر

Birth date	September 28, 1982
Birth place	Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Occupation	Actor
Yearsactive	2007–present }}

Ranbir Kapoor (, born 28 September 1982) is an Indian actor who appears in Bollywood movies.

Making his acting debut in the 2007 film ''Saawariya'', for which he won the Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut, Kapoor went on to earn critical praise for his performance in ''Wake Up Sid'' (2009). He later appeared in the commercially successful romantic comedy ''Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani'' (2009) and the multi-starrer drama ''Raajneeti'' (2010), which is his biggest commercial success to date.

Early life

Kapoor, the son of actors Rishi Kapoor and Neetu Singh, was born into a family of Hindu Punjabi origin; his sister is Riddhima Kapoor Sahni. He is the grandson of actor and filmmaker Raj Kapoor, great grandson of Prithviraj Kapoor and nephew of actors Randhir Kapoor and Rajiv Kapoor. As a child, Kapoor studied at Bombay Scottish School in Mahim, Mumbai and went on to pursue method acting at The Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute in New York.

Career

Before starting off his career as an actor, Kapoor worked as an assistant with director Sanjay Leela Bhansali, where he was involved in the making of the film ''Black'' (2005). Kapoor later made his acting debut in November 2007 with Bhansali's ''Saawariya'' opposite newcomer Sonam Kapoor. The film failed to do well at the box office, though his performance was largely appreciated. Kapoor was then seen in Siddharth Anand's romantic comedy ''Bachna Ae Haseeno'' (2008) alongside Bipasha Basu, Minissha Lamba and Deepika Padukone. The film was a semi-hit at the box-office.

Kapoor's first release of 2009 was Ayan Mukerji's ''Wake Up Sid'', in which he portrayed the character of Siddharth Mehra, a spoiled and self-centered college student from Mumbai. Featured opposite Konkona Sen Sharma, the film was a critical and commercial success, and Kapoor earned several nominations for ''Best Actor'' at various award ceremonies. He next starred alongside Katrina Kaif in ''Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani'', which surfaced as one of the biggest hits of the year. Following this, Kapoor appeared in Shimit Amin's drama ''Rocket Singh: Salesman of the Year''. Upon release, the film received positive reviews by critics but failed to do well. Kapoor's performance was critically acclaimed, with one critic writing, "Ranbir brings to his part a whole lot of earnestness and heart. His natural and utterly contagious exuberance so much on display in his last two films ''Wake Up Sid'' and ''Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani'' is effortlessly curbed here."

In 2010, he appeared in Prakash Jha's multi-starrer political thriller ''Rajneeti''. The film opened to positive reviews and ''Box office India'' declared the film "blockbuster". In the same year, kapoor appeared in Siddharth Anand's ''Anjaana Anjaani'' alongside Priyanka Chopra. The film was an above average grosser at the box-office. His forthcoming project includes Imtiaz Ali's ''Rockstar'' with newcomer Nargis Fakhri.

Personal life

Kapoor currently lives with his parents in Pali Hill in Mumbai, Maharashtra. During an interview in March 2008, he announced that he was dating Bollywood actress Deepika Padukone. The couple broke up in 2009.

Awards and nominations

Filmography

{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" border="2" cellpadding="4" background: #f9f9f9; |- align="center" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Film ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Role ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Notes |- | 2007 | ''Saawariya'' | Raj | Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut |- | 2008 | ''Bachna Ae Haseeno'' | Raj Sharma | |- |rowspan="4"|2009 | ''Luck by Chance'' | Himself | Guest appearance |- | ''Wake Up Sid'' | Sidharth Mehra | Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor (also for ''Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani'' &''Rocket Singh: Salesman of the Year'')Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor |- | ''Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani'' | Prem Shankar Sharma | Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor (also for ''Wake Up Sid'' &''Rocket Singh: Salesman of the Year'')Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor |- | ''Rocket Singh: Salesman of the Year'' | Harpreet Singh Bedi | Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor (also for ''Wake Up Sid'' &''Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani'') |- |rowspan="2"|2010 | ''Raajneeti'' | Samar Pratap | Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor |- | ''Anjaana Anjaani'' | Akash | |- |rowspan="2"|2011 | ''Chillar Party'' | Himself | Special appearance in song ''Tai Tai Phis'' |- | ''Rockstar'' | Jordan | Filming |- | 2012 | ''Barfee'' | | Filming |}

References

External links

Category:Filmfare Awards winners Category:1982 births Category:Indian actors Category:Indian film actors Category:Living people Category:People from Mumbai Category:Indian Hindus Category:Hindi film actors Category:Punjabi people

ar:رانبير كابور bn:রণবীর কাপুর dv:ރަންބީރު ކަޕޫރު es:Ranbir Kapoor fr:Ranbir Kapoor hi:रणबीर कपूर it:Ranbir Kapoor ml:രൺ‌ബീർ കപൂർ mr:रणबीर कपूर pl:Ranbir Kapoor ru:Ранбир Капур fi:Ranbir Kapoor sv:Ranbir Kapoor ta:ரன்பீர் கபூர்