Galle ගාල්ල காலி
—  City  —
Aerial view of Galle city
Galle ගාල්ල காலி
Coordinates: 6°3′0″N 80°13′0″E / 6.05°N 80.216667°E / 6.05; 80.216667
Country	Sri Lanka
Province	Southern Province
Government
• Mayor	Methsiri de Silva
Area
• Total	1,652 km2 (638 sq mi)
• Land	1,617 km2 (624 sq mi)
• Water	35 km2 (14 sq mi)
Population (2001)
• Total	105,865
• Density	613/km2 (1,590/sq mi)
Time zone	Sri Lanka Standard Time Zone (UTC+5:30)

Old Town of Galle and its Fortifications *
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Country	Sri Lanka
Type	Cultural
Criteria	iv
Reference	451
Region **	Asia-Pacific
Inscription history
Inscription	1988 (10th Session)
* Name as inscribed on World Heritage List ** Region as classified by UNESCO

Galle (Sinhala: ගාල්ල;Tamil: காலி) (pronounced as one syllable in English, /ˈɡɔːl/ "Gaul", and as two in Sinhalese, [ɡaːlːə]) is a city situated on the southwestern tip of Sri Lanka, 119 km from Colombo. Galle is the capital city of Southern Province of Sri Lanka and it lies in Galle District.

Galle was known as Gimhathiththa (although Ibn Batuta in the 14th century refers to it as Qali^{[verification needed]}) before the arrival of the Portuguese in the 16th century, when it was the main port on the island. Galle reached the height of its development in the 18th century, during the Dutch colonial period. The major river is Gin River (Gin Ganga) which starts from Gongala Kanda and passing villages such as Neluwa, Nagoda, Baddegama, Thelikada, and Wakwella, reaches the sea at Ginthota. In Wakwella over the river there is Wakwella Bridge, which is the longest bridge in Sri Lanka.

Galle is the best example of a fortified city built by Europeans in south and southeast Asia, showing the interaction between European architectural styles and south Asian traditions. The Galle fort is a world heritage site and the largest remaining fortress in Asia built by European occupiers. Other prominent landmarks in Galle include the natural harbor, the National Maritime Museum, St. Mary's Cathedral founded by Jesuit priests, one of the main Shiva temples on the island, and Amangalla the historic luxury hotel.

Galle is the main city in the most southerly part of the island, with a population of around 100 000, and is connected by rail to Colombo and Matara. On 26 December 2004 the city was devastated by the massive Boxing Day Tsunami caused by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake that occurred a thousand miles away, off the coast of Indonesia. Thousands were killed in the city alone. Galle is home to a cricket ground, the Galle International Stadium, rebuilt after the tsunami. Test matches resumed there on December 18, 2007.

Rumassala in Unawatuna is a large mound-like hill, which forms the eastern protective barrier to the Galle harbour. Local tradition associates this hill with some events of the Ramayana.

History[link]

The port of Galle in 1754.

According to James Emerson Tennent, Galle was the ancient seaport of Tarshish, from which King Solomon drew ivory, peacocks and other valuables.
Cinnamon was exported from Sri Lanka as early as 1400 BC and the root of the word itself is Hebrew, so Galle may have been a main entrepot for the spice.^{[citation needed]}

Galle had been a prominent seaport long before western rule in the country. Persians, Arabs, Greeks, Romans, Malays, Indians, and Chinese were doing business through Galle port. In 1411, the Galle Trilingual Inscription, a stone tablet inscription in three languages, Chinese, Tamil and Persian, was erected in Galle to commemorate the second visit to Sri Lanka by the Chinese admiral Zheng He.

The "modern" history of Galle starts in 1505, when the first Portuguese ship, under Lourenço de Almeida was driven there by a storm. However, the people of the city refused to let the Portuguese enter it, so the Portuguese took it by force.

In 1640, the Portuguese had to surrender to the Dutch East India Company. The Dutch built the present Fort in the year 1663. They built a fortified wall, using solid granite, and built three bastions, known as "Sun", "Moon" and "Star". After the British took over the country from the Dutch in the year 1796, they preserved the Fort unchanged, and used it as the administrative centre of Galle.

Governance[link]

The Galle Municipal Council governs the City of Galle. It was established under the Municipalities Ordinance of 1865. The first mayor of Galle was Wijeyananda Dahanayake, who was appointed in 1939. He later became the Prime Minister of Ceylon. The current Mayor of Galle is Methsiri de Silva, who was appointed on December 4, 2008. The main vision of Galle City is "Building of moderate city through the supply of relatively increased utility services to the citizens who pay taxes to the Municipal council [1]. The other vision is to brand Galle as "GreenCity-Greengalle [2]" to create and promote Galle as Sri Lanka's cool and healthy coastal city with clean green canopy. This is a historical place in Sri Lanka.

Climate[link]

Galle features a tropical rainforest climate. The city has no true dry season, though it is noticeably drier in the months of January and February. As is commonplace with many cities with this type of climate, temperatures show little variation throughout the course of the year. Average temperatures hovers at around 26 degrees Celsius throughout the year.

Demographics[link]

Galle is a sizeable city, by Sri Lankan standards, and has a population of 91 000, the majority of whom are of Sinhalese ethnicity. There is also a large Sri Lankan Moor minority, particularly in the fort area, who descend from Arab merchants that settled in the ancient port of Galle. Galle is also notable for its foreign population, both residents and owners of holiday homes.

Source: 2001 Census

Education[link]

Schools[link]

Galle is home to some of the oldest and leading schools in Sri Lanka. 29 government schools and 5 international schools are situated in Galle. All the government schools provide free education to the children. Some of the schools situated in Galle city are listed below.

Universities[link]

Faculty of Engineering, Galle

Two main faculties of University of Ruhuna are located in Galle. The Faculty of Engineering is located at Hapugala about 5 km from the city center. The faculty of Medicine is located at Karapitiya near the Karapitiya Teaching Hospital. The Medical faculty is also located at about 5 km from the city center. A study centre of the Open University of Sri Lanka is also located in Galle at Labuduwa junction.

• Faculty of Engineering
• Faculty of Medicine
• Study Centre of the Open University of Sri Lanka

Higher Education Institutes[link]

Advanced Technological Institute in Labuduwa, Galle was started in year 2000 and it was planned to offer Higher National Diploma in Information Technology - HNDIT and Higher National Diploma in Agriculture Technology - HNDT (Agri). Since then Labuduwa ATI has been a pioneer in technological education in Sri Lanka. National Institute of Business Management in Galle was established in 2010 to provide higher education opportunities in the fields of Information Technology and Business Management.

• Advanced Technological Institute (ATI)
• National Institute of Business Management (NIBM)

Transport[link]

Galle is served by Sri Lanka Railways' Coastal Line. Galle Railway Station is a major station on the line, and serves as the meeting point of the west-coast and south-coast segments of the line.

Twin cities[link]

View of the Galle International Cricket Stadium from the Dutch fort in Galle.

The City of Galle is twinned with:

Country	City	State / Region	Since
Netherlands	Velsen	North Holland	1988

Although not an official twin city, Melbourne, Australia 'adopted' Galle after the 2004 tsunami disaster, funding the reconstruction of its cricket ground and providing financial and other support.

Gallery[link]

See also[link]

• Galle fort
• National Maritime Museum (Galle)
• Galle Literary Festival
• Galle International Stadium

References[link]

• Galle Municipal Council
• A Historic tour through the city of Galle
• The old world's romantic city: Galle!
• Galle - A Port City in History
• Galle Shipwreck's (Article from Divaina)
• Galle harbour (Article from Divaina)
• Discover Sri Lanka - More information & images on Galle and Galle Fort
• Discover Sri Lanka - More information & images on Physical and historical Position of Galle

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Galle

• Audio interview with Galle resident about life in Galle (English)

External links[link]

• GalleLink ,The Way of Galle - More information about Galle
• Old Town of Galle and its Fortifications, UNESCO World Heritage
• Nil Manel Beach Resort Galle
• Galle Fort hotel
• Official website of the Sri Lanka Tourism Board
• Corridors of Oceanic Heritage: The Maritime Archaeology Museum, Galle

v t e Cities in Sri Lanka Capitals Colombo (commercial) Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte (national) Other cities Anuradhapura Badulla Batticaloa Dehiwala-Mount Lavinia Galle Hambantota Jaffna Kandy Kurunegala Maharagama Matara Moratuwa Negombo Nuwara Eliya Polonnaruwa Ratnapura Trincomalee

v t e Provincial capitals of Sri Lanka Colombo Kandy Galle Jaffna Trincomalee Kurunegala Anuradhapura Badulla Ratnapura

v t e World Heritage Sites in Sri Lanka Anuradhapura · Central Highlands · Galle and its Fortifications · Golden Temple of Dambulla · Kandy · Polonnaruwa · Sigiriya · Sinharaja Forest Reserve

Coordinates: 6°02′02.97″N 80°12′58.77″E / 6.0341583°N 80.216325°E / 6.0341583; 80.216325

Richard Tee (November 24, 1943 - July 21, 1993) was a pianist, studio musician, singer and arranger.

Tee graduated from the High School of Music and Art and attended the Manhattan School of Music. Though better known as a studio and session musician,^[1] Tee led a jazz ensemble, the Richard Tee Committee, and was a founding member of the band Stuff. In 1981 he played the piano and keyboard for Simon and Garfunkel's Concert In Central Park.

Richard Tee was married to Eleana Steinberg Tee of Greenwich, Connecticut in Woodstock, New York, they were married by New York State Supreme Court Justice Bruce Wright.

Tee died of prostate cancer on July 21, 1993 in Cold Spring, New York.^[2]

Discography[link]

Richard Tee - solo[link]

• Strokin' (Columbia-Tappan Zee 1979)
• Natural Ingredients (Columbia-Tappan Zee 1980)
• The Best of Richard Tee (Columbia-Tappan Zee 1981)
• Contemporary Piano (DCI 1982)
• The Bottom Line (King Records 1985)
• Inside You (Columbia 1989)
• Real Time (One Voice 1992)
• Bottom Line 2003

with Hank Crawford[link]

• Mr. Blues Plays Lady Soul (1969)
• Help Me make It Through the Night (1972)
• We Got a Good Thing Goin' (1972)
• Wildflower (1973)

with George Benson[link]

• Tell It Like It Is (1969)
• Big Boss Band - George Benson with the Count Basie Orchestra - (1990)
• Love Remembers (1993)

with Grover Washington, Jr.[link]

• Inner City Blues (1971)
• All the King's Horses (1972)
• Soul Box/Vol. 2 (1973)
• Feels So Good (1975)
• Winelight (1980)
• Skylarkin' (1980)
• Come Morning (1981)
• The Best Is Yet to Come (1982)
• In Concert (1982)
• Inside Moves (1984)

with Cornell Dupree[link]

• Teasin' (1974)
• Coast to Coast (1988)
• Can't Get Through (1991)
• Child's Play (1992)
• Uncle Funky (1992)

with Stuff[link]

• Stuff (1976)
• More Stuff (1977)
• Stuff It (1978)
• Live Stuff (1978)
• Live In New York (1980)
• East (1981)
• Best Stuff (1981)

with Steve Gadd/ the Gadd Gang[link]

• Gadd About (1984)
• The Gadd Gang (1986)
• Here & Now (1988)
• Live at Bottom Line (1988)
• Gadd Gang (1991)

with various artists[link]

• Tune In, Turn On to the Hippest Commercials of the 60's (1967) - Benny Golson
• Soul Drums (1968) - Bernard Purdie
• Soul Rebel (1968) - Bob Marley
• Shirley Scott & The Soul Saxes (1969) - Shirley Scott
• Tell It Like It Is (1969) - George Benson
• I Heard That (1969) - Quincy Jones
• Lena & Gabor (Skye, 1969) - Lena Horne and Gábor Szabó
• Good Vibes (1969) - Gary Burton
• Cornucopia (Solid State, 1969) - Dizzy Gillespie
• Live at Freddie Jett's Pied Piper (1970) - Esther Phillips
• Everybody's Talkin' (1970) - King Curtis
• Suite 16 (1970) - Yusef Lateef
• Boys from Dayton (1971) - Snooky Young
• Blacknuss (1971) - Rahsaan Roland Kirk
• Salt Song (1971) - Stanley Turrentine
• Quiet Fire (1971) - Roberta Flack
• Push Push (1971) - Herbie Mann
• Young, Gifted and Black (1972) - Aretha Franklin
• Chuck Rainey Coalition (1972) - Chuck Rainey
• Sweet Buns & Barbecue (1972) - Houston Person
• Soul Is...Pretty Purdie (1972) - Bernard Purdie
• Alone Again (Naturally) (1972) - Esther Phillips
• The Weapon (1972) - David Newman
• The Final Comedown (1972) - Grant Green
• Blues Farm (1973) - Ron Carter
• Your Baby is a Lady (1973) - Jackie DeShannon
• Don't Mess with Mister T. (1973) - Stanley Turrentine
• Abandoned Luncheonette (1973) - Daryl Hall & John Oates
• In the Beginning (1974) - Hubert Laws
• AWB (1974) - Average White Band
• The Disco Kid (1975) - Van McCoy
• Anything Goes (Kudu, 1975) - Ron Carter
• Negril (1975) - Eric Gale
• The New York Connection (1975) Tom Scott
• Gone At Last (1975) Paul Simon
• "Lost Generation" (1975) Elliott Murphy
• Thirty Three & 1/3 (1976) - George Harrison
• The Case of the 3 Sided Dream in Audio Color (1976) - Rahsaan Roland Kirk
• Dinner Music (1976) Carla Bley
• End of a Rainbow (1976) Patti Austin
• The Real McCoy (1976) Van McCoy
• Firefly (CTI, 1977) - Jeremy Steig
• Havana Candy (CTI, 1977) - Patti Austin
• The Stranger (1977) Billy Joel
• The Atlantic Family Live in Montreaux 1977
• Multiprication Eric Gale 1978
• Intimate Strangers Tom Scott (1978)
• Warmer Communications (1978) Average White Band
• One Trick Pony - (1980) Paul Simon
• Apple Juice (1981) Tom Scott
• RIT Lee Ritenour 1981
• "The Concert in Central Park" (1981) Simon and Garfunkel
• Living Eyes (1981) Bee Gees
• Heartbreaker (1982) Dionne Warwick
• Blade Runner (1982) (Not OST) in "Memories of Green" song
• Fill Up The Night (1983) Sadao Watanabe
• Hearts and Bones (1983) Paul Simon
• An Innocent Man Billy Joel (1984)
• Universal Rhythm Ralph MacDonald 1984
• Underground (song) David Bowie (1986)
• So Peter Gabriel (1986)
• Streamlines Tom Scott 1987
• Sound Investment Flip Phillips & Scott Hamilton 1987
• Red Hot Rhythm & Blues (1987) Diana Ross
• At Home (1987) Janis Siegel
• The Camera Never Lies (1987) Michael Franks
• Close Up (1988) Dave Sanborn
• At Last (1989) Lou Rawls
• Street Smarts (1989) Eddie Gomez
• Midnight in San Juan (1989) Earl Klugh
• Bottom's Up Victor Bailey (1989)
• Vanishing Mariah Carey (1990)
• Star Time James Brown (1991)
• Upfront David Sanborn (1992)
• Queen of Soul: The Atlantic Recordings Aretha Franklin (1992)
• Legendary Lou Rawls Lou Rawls (1992)
• I'll Take Care of You Cissy Houston/Chuck Jackson (1992)
• Anthology: Down in Birdland Manhattan Transfer (1992)
• Evolution of Herbie Mann'" Herbie Mann (1993)
• Greatest Hits 80-94 Aretha Franklin (1993)
• Instant Soul: Legendary King Curtis King Curtis 1993
• Softly with these Songs: The Best... Roberta Flack 1993
• Friends Can Be Lovers Dionne Warwick (1993)
• Skyline Phil Carmen (1993)

References[link]

External links[link]

• For a more complete discography

Sadao Watanabe (渡辺 貞夫, Watanabe Sadao^?) (born Utsunomiya, Japan, February 1, 1933) is an influential Japanese jazz musician who plays the alto saxophone, sopranino saxophone and flute. He is known for his Bossa Nova recordings, although his work encompasses a large range of styles with collaborations from musicians all over the world. Sadao first began learning music at the age of 18, and started performing professionally in 1953. By 1958 he had firmly established himself as a world-class saxophonist having performed with leading musicians and quartets. In 1962 he left Japan to study at Berklee College of Music in Boston. In 1995 the college awarded him an honorary doctorate degree for his contributions to music.^[1] Among his more prestigious awards are the Order of the Rising Sun, the imperial medal of honour for his contribution to the arts, numerous cultural awards from around the world, the Fumio Nanri award, and his cities first honour award. In addition to his musical career, Watanabe has also published six photography books in Japan.^[2]

Discography[link]

As leader[link]

• 1961 SADAO WATANABE
• 1965 SADAO WATANABE PLAYS
• 1966 GOIN' HOME MODERN JAZZ ALBUM
• 1966 TAKT JAZZ JAZZ&BOSSA
• 1967: Sadao Watanabe & Charlie Mariano: Iberian Waltz (Denon)
• 1967 NABESADA & CHARLIE
• 1967 BOSSA BEAT COLLECTION
• 1967 JAZZ SAMBA
• 1967 MY ROMANCE
• 1967 BOSSA NOVA '67
• 1967 BOSSA NOVA CONCERT
• 1967 MUSIC BREAK
• 1967 ENCORE!! JAZZ & BOSSA / SADAO MEETS SHARPS & FLATS
• 1968 WE GOT A NEW BAG / SADAO AND CHARLIE AGAIN
• 1968 SADAO MEETS BRAZILIAN FRIENDS / SADAO & BRAZILIAN8
• 1968 SADAO PLAYS BEATLES AND BACHARACH
• 1969 SWING JOURNAL JAZZ WORKSHOP
• 1969 PASTORAL
• 1969 SONG BOOK
• 1969 SADAO WATANABE LIVE AT THE JUNK
• 1969: Dedicated to Charlie Parker with Terumasa Hino, Masanaga Harada, Fumio Watanabe, Kazuo Yashiro
• 1970 SADAO WATANABE AT MONTREUX JAZZ FESTIVAL
• 1970: Round Trip (Universe) with Jack DeJohnette, Miroslav Vitouš, Chick Corea
• 1970 COLLABORATION QUARTET with MASABUMI KIKUCHI SEXTET
• 1971 PAYSAGES
• 1972 SADAO WATANABE
• 1973 OPEN ROAD
• 1973 KENYA YA AFRICA MEETS INTER-AFRICAN THEATRE GROUP
• 1974 MBALI AFRICA LIVE
• 1974 SADAO WATANABE AT “PIT INN”
• 1975 SWISS AIR
• 1975 PAMOJA
• 1976: I’m Old Fashioned (Sony) with Ron Carter, Hank Jones
• 1976 SADAO WATANABE RECITAL
• 1977 MY DEAR LIFE
• 1977 BIRD OF PARADISE
• 1977 AUTUMN BLOW featuring LEE RITENOUR & HIS GENTLE THOUGHTS
• 1977: Birds of Passage (Elektra) with Ron Carter, George Duke, Hank Jones, Hubert Laws, Kazumi Watanabe, Tony Williams, Jimmy Haslip, Alex Acuña, Diana Acuna,
• 1978 CALIFORNIA SHOWER
• 1979 MORNING ISLAND
• 1980 HOW'S EVERYTHING
• 1981: Orange Express with Dave Grusin, George Benson, Bobby Broom, Marcus Miller, Budddy Williams
• 1983 FILL UP THE NIGHT
• 1983 CARNIVAL with Ron Carter, Hank Jones, Tony Williams
• 1984 RENDEZVOUS
• 1985 MAISHA
• 1985: Parker’s Mood with Seigen Ono, James Williams, Jeff Tain Watts, Charnett Moffett
• 1985 TOKYO DATING
• 1986 GOOD TIME FOR LOVE
• 1988 ELIS
• 1988 MADE IN CORACAO TOQUINHO
• 1989 FRONT SEAT
• 1991 SWEET DEAL
• 1992 A NIGHT WITH STRINGS
• 1993 EARTH STEP
• 1994 IN TEMPO
• 1993 A NIGHT WITH STRINGS Vol.2
• 1994 A NIGHT WITH STRINGS Vol.3 / SADAO PLAYS PARKER
• 1997 Go Straight Ahead ’n Make a Left with Bernard Wright, Charley Drayton, Mike Flythe,
• 1997 KUROI HITOMI SONG BOOK
• 1998 VIAJANDO
• 1999: Remembrance (verve) with Robin Eubanks, Billy Drummond, Jim Anderson, Cyrus Chestnut, Romero Lubambo, Christian McBride, Nicholas Payton
• 2000 SADAO 2000
• 2000 MINHA SAUDADE
• 2001 SADAO WATANABE MY DEAR LIFE 50th ANNIVERSARY COLLECTION
• 2003 WHEEL OF LIFE
• 200? SKETCHES OF NATURE
• 2005 ONE FOR YOU
• 2005 Broadcast Tracks '69-'72
• 2005 Sadao & Charlie Again
• 2007 BASIE'S AT NIGHT
• 2009 INTO TOMORROW

As sideman[link]

This section requires expansion.

With Chico Hamilton

• El Chico (Impulse!, 1965)

Honors[link]

• Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Rosette, 2005.^[2]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Sadao Watanabe's official website
• Sadao Watanabe discography

Shane Watson

Personal information
Full name	Shane Robert Watson
Born	(1981-06-17) 17 June 1981 (age 31) Ipswich, Queensland, Australia
Nickname	Watto, Danger man
Height	1.83 m (6 ft 0 in)
Batting style	Right-hand
Bowling style	Right-arm fast-medium
Role	All-rounder (Opening batsmen)
International information
National side	Australia
Test debut (cap 391)	2 January 2005 v Pakistan
Last Test	17 November 2011 v South Africa
ODI debut (cap 148)	24 March 2002 v South Africa
Last ODI	4 March 2012 v Sri Lanka
ODI shirt no.	33
T20I debut (cap 19)	24 February 2006 v South Africa
Last T20I	8 August 2011 lastT20Iyear = 2012 v Sri Lanka
Domestic team information
Years	Team
2001–2004	Tasmania
2004–2009	Queensland
2005	Hampshire
2008–	Rajasthan Royals
2009–	New South Wales
2011–	Sydney Sixers
Career statistics
Competition	Test	ODI	FC	List A
Matches	32	144	100	205
Runs scored	2,135	4,288	7,186	6,055
Batting average	38.12	42.50	45.19	40.09
100s/50s	2/16	6/25	17/40	8/36
Top score	126	185*	203*	185*
Balls bowled	3,164	5,036	9,389	6,922
Wickets	56	138	189	180
Bowling average	28.01	29.55	27.37	31.99
5 wickets in innings	3	0	7	0
10 wickets in match	0	0	1	0
Best bowling	6/33	4/36	7/69	4/36
Catches/stumpings	24/–	47/–	81/–	66/–
Source: Cricinfo, 22 November 2011

Shane Robert Watson (born 17 June 1981) is an Australian cricketer. He is a right-handed batsman and a right-handed fast medium bowler. He mainly bats as an opener in international cricket, although he does not do so domestically.

He debuted for the Australian cricket team in 2002, playing his first One Day International against South Africa. While he has become a regular member of the one-day squad, Watson has played few Test Matches for Australia, having debuted against Pakistan at the Sydney Cricket Ground in January 2005. Despite being allocated to be Australia's designated Test all-rounder, injuries have often prevented him from claiming his position in the Test team. However, from the second half of 2009, Watson has acted as Australian Test opening batsman, along with Simon Katich.

Watson was awarded the 2010 Allan Border Medal and again in 2011, becoming the second player (after Ricky Ponting) to win back-to back Allan Border Medals. Watson's wife Lee, whom he married on 3 June 2010, is a Fox Sports Australia presenter.^[1]

Playing career[link]

Early career[link]

Watson was an AIS Australian Cricket Academy scholarship holder in 2000.^[2] He started his first-class cricketing career for Tasmania after leaving his home state of Queensland, but returned to play for his native Queensland as his international career was beginning. He has also played for Hampshire in the English County Championship in 2005. He regards Terry Alderman as one of his mentors.

International career[link]

Watson was selected for his first Australian team in early 2002, being selected to tour South Africa with the Test team after topping the Pura Cup wicket-taking charts for Tasmania, as well as steady middle-order batting performances. Australian captain at the time Steve Waugh stated that Watson would possibly be Australia's first genuine all rounder since Keith Miller and Alan Davidson in the 1950s. Watson expressed joy at being selected in an Australian team with Waugh, whom he cited as his idol. Watson scored an unbeaten century on his debut in a tour match, but did not play in the Tests as the selectors retained the same XI that had swept South Africa 3–0 in the Australian season. Watson did make his ODI debut on tour, ironically replacing Waugh, who was sacked after the team failed to make the ODI finals in the preceding Australian summer. Watson continued as a regular member of the ODI team until he suffered three stress fractures in his back, at the start of 2003, missing the 2003 Cricket World Cup. He was replaced by his Queensland teammate Andrew Symonds, who proceeded to establish his position as the all rounder after scoring 143* and 91* during the tournament.

Watson's injury sidelined him until the 2003–04 Australian season, and during his rehabilitation he played most of the season as a batsman, allowing himself to improve his batting skills while his back was still healing. During this time he smashed an unbeaten 300* for his club side, Lindisfarne.

Watson returned to regular ODI duty in the 2004–05 season, as a bowling all rounder. He also played in the Third Test against Pakistan as the fifth bowler, in order to allow Australia to play two spinners and three pace bowlers on a dry Sydney Cricket Ground pitch.

Following England's Ashes victory over Australia in 2005 with a five bowler strategy, Australia responded by including Watson as the fifth bowler and all rounder in all Test matches. Watson stated his intention to emulate Andrew Flintoff, who played the analogous role for England. Watson played against the ICC World XI in the role, but he dislocated his shoulder in just his second Test in that designated role against the West Indies, after diving to field a ball. Watson was again replaced by Symonds and was unable to represent Australia for the remainder of the summer.

He was recalled for the one day squad for the 2006 tour of South Africa but was dropped when all-rounder Andrew Symonds returned from injury. Watson was looking to establish a place in the Test side when he got injured, and Andrew Symonds stepped in to fill the gap.

Watson had been previously criticised for his relatively flat bowling trajectory and inability to move the ball, reflected in his relatively high bowling average. Jamie Cox, a former Tasmanian team-mate and future Australian selector, felt that Watson was being mis-used as a bowling allrounder, believing that he was better suited as a conventional batsman and part-timer bowler, rather than a bowler who engaged in power hitting in the latter part of an innings.

This changed when Watson opened the batting for Australia at the 2006 ICC Champions Trophy, alongside wicket-keeper Adam Gilchrist, instead of Simon Katich. In the competition he impressed with both the ball and bat, as Australia moved to their first Champions Trophy victory. Critics and captain Ricky Ponting cited his better strike rate, straight hitting and the ability to bowl as the reasons why he was selected ahead of Katich. After failing in the first two matches against the West Indies and England, Watson made a 50 in Australia's victory over India, which sealed their place in the semi-finals, and in the 2009 Champions Trophy was held in South Africa, Watson again played a prominent role, making two consecutive 100s against England and New-Zealand in semi-final and final, helping Australia to defend their title.

Ponting suggested that Watson would bat at the number 6 position in the Ashes series against England in 2006–07, and he was named in the squad. However, he came off the ground in a one-day domestic game the week before the first Test with a suspected hamstring tear, which ruled him out for the first three Tests. Michael Clarke was called up in Watson's place, and responded with a half-century, and then a century to cement Clarke's place in the team.

Watson was expected to be fit for the fourth Test on Boxing Day and the MCG in Melbourne, and because of Damien Martyn's unexpected retirement, it looked likely that Watson would be included in the side. However, another injury setback in a match for Queensland ruled Watson out for the rest of the Ashes series. Watson eventually returned in February to the ODI side, replacing Cameron White in the all rounder position, However he again broke down with injury during the 2007 Cricket World Cup and missed most of the Super 8's before returning in fine style smashing an unbeaten 65 off 32 balls against New Zealand. Injury again struck Watson in the early stages of the 2007 ICC World Twenty20 as he missed most of the tournament due to hamstring strain.‎ He was then out of action for the 2007–08 Australian season.

After Symonds was omitted from the Australian team for disciplinary reasons, and Watson took the all rounder's position for the tour of India in late-2008, batting at No. 6. During the Third Test in Delhi, he was involved in a series of confrontations with Indian opener Gautam Gambhir, who scored a double century and reached his century by lofting Watson over midwicket for six. During the innings, Gambhir elbowed Watson while going for a run, and claimed that the incident was not intentional at a press conference, and claiming that Watson had no capacity to dismiss him. He later pleaded guilty and was banned for one match.

After returning to Australia, Symonds was recalled to the Test team and both all rounders played in the First Test against New Zealand in Brisbane. As the pitch was a green, rain-affected moist surface expected to favour seamers, spinner Jason Krejza was dropped to accommodate two seam bowling all rounders. After the match, which Australia won, Watson was dropped as spinner Nathan Hauritz was included and Symonds retained. Symonds continued to perform poorly, and there were calls for Watson to take his place, but both men then fell injured at the end of the year, Watson with a stress fracture. Watson returned to international duty in the ODI series against Pakistan in the UAE, scoring a century.

Watson in the field during Australia's tour of England in 2009. During the Ashes he replaced Phillip Hughes as opener.

He returned to the Australian Test side for the 3rd Ashes Test match at Edgbaston on 30 July 2009 when he replaced opener Phillip Hughes who had been struggling for form. In a rain interrupted match he made 62 and 53 batting alongside Simon Katich.^[3] He scored his second highest Test score of 96 against the West Indies in the Second Test in Adelaide in December 2009. He and Katich put on a century stand and he had reached 96 at stumps, only to inside edge his first ball of the next morning onto his stumps while attempting to hit a boundary to reach his century. In the Third Test, he made 89 in another century stand with Katich. In the second innings, he removed opposition captain Chris Gayle and then charged towards him, screaming in celebration directly in front of him. This earned him a fine from the match referee, and considerable criticism from much of the Australian public.

In the First Test against Pakistan, he made 93 runs on Boxing Day and featured in his third century stand in as many matches with Katich, but was run out after a mix-up with Katich in which both players ended up running towards the same end, again falling short of his debut Test hundred. On Day four, Watson finally made his first Test hundred. He went to lunch sitting on 98* and including the lunch break was stuck in the 90s for 106 minutes. After the lunch break he got to 99, and was then stuck there and could only get dot balls. He brought up his debut Test century in interesting style, hitting the ball hard to Abdur Rauf at point who put the catch down. The ball spilled away and gave Watson enough time to run through for the single he needed. His century came after 293 minutes off 186 balls with 9 fours and a six. When Ponting declared, he remained not out, making 120. Watson was awarded man of the match on 30 December for his role in Australia's Test victory.

In the second innings of the Second Test at the SCG, Watson fell short of another century, dismissed for 97. During this Test, the Australian Cricket Media Association presented Watson with Australian Cricketer of the Year Award.^[4]

In the first test of Australia's 2010 tour of India, Watson opened his account with his second test century – an attritional 126 runs off 338 balls on a slow, low Mohali pitch. The innings capped an excellent start to the tour, as he also scored a century in each innings of the warm-up match, albeit at a much brisker pace. He topscored again in the second innings with a run-a-ball 56, which proved vital in setting a competitive target as Australia's middle order again collapsed in spectacular fashion following his dismissal.

On 30 March 2011, Watson was named test and ODI vice-captain.^[5] On 11 April 2011 he made 185 not out off 96 balls against Bangladesh. Watson hit 15 sixes in this innings, breaking the record previously held by Xavier Marshall. He also scored the highest one day international score by an Australian batsman passing Matthew Hayden's score of 181 not out set in 2007.^[6]

Indian Premier League[link]

Watson played in the Indian Premier League for the Rajasthan Royals team. Signed up for US $125,000, he performed well with both the bat and the ball scoring four half-centuries to anchor his team to victory in three matches of the tournament and in the semifinals. He also picked up 17 wickets, won four man of the match awards in his first twelve games and also won the Man of the Series award.^[7]

On the back of his IPL performance, Watson was subsequently selected to replace Matthew Hayden in the one day series as part of Australia's tour to the West Indies, after Hayden had injured himself during the IPL season.^[8] Watson went on to establish himself as an ODI opener in the series.

Watson missed the second IPL season due to national duty and injury, and Rajasthan failed to reach the top four in the qualifying rounds. For 2011 season, Rajasthan Royals successfully retained Shane Watson along with the skipper Shane Warne.^[9]

Achievements[link]

Test Centuries[link]

Test Match Centuries of Shane Watson
#	Runs	Match	Against	City/Country	Venue	Year	Home/Away
1	120*	15	Pakistan	Melbourne, Australia	Melbourne Cricket Ground	2009	Home
2	126	21	India	Mohali, India	Punjab Cricket Association Stadium	2010	Away

ODI Centuries[link]

ODI Match Centuries of Shane Watson
#	Runs	Match	Against	City/Country	Venue	Year	Home/Away/Neutral
1	126	69	West Indies	Grenada, West Indies	National Cricket Stadium	2008	Away
2	116*	77	Pakistan	Abu Dhabi, UAE	Sheikh Zayed Stadium	2009	Neutral
3	136*	89	England	Centurion, South Africa	SuperSport Park	2009	Neutral
4	105*	90	New Zealand	Centurion, South Africa	SuperSport Park	2009	Neutral
5	161*	118	England	Melbourne, Australia	Melbourne Cricket Ground	2011	Home
6	185*	132	Bangladesh	Dhaka, Bangladesh	Sher-e-Bangla Cricket Stadium	2011	Away

Test 5-Wicket Hauls[link]

Shane Watson's Test 5-Wicket Hauls
#	Figures	Match	Against	City/Country	Venue	Year	Result
1	5–40	19	Pakistan	London, England	Lord's	2010	Win
2	6–33	20	Pakistan	Leeds, England	Headingley Stadium	2010	Loss
3	5–17	31	South Africa	Cape Town, South Africa	Newlands Cricket Ground	2011	Loss

At the Allan Border Medal night of 2010, he won the one day player of the year, was runner up for the Test player of the year and won the Allan Border Medal.

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Shane Watson

• Cricinfo page on Shane Watson
• Shane Watson profile at cricket.com.au

v t e Australia squad – 2003 Cricket World Cup (3rd title) 4 Gillespie 11 McGrath 12 Bevan 14 Ponting (c) 18 Gilchrist 25 Lehmann 28 Hayden 29 Harvey 30 Martyn 31 Hogg 34 Bichel 39 Symonds 43 Hauritz 46 Maher 58 Lee 59 Bracken Coach: Buchanan Jason Gillespie, Shane Warne and Shane Watson were named in the original squad but withdrew from the tournament

v t e Australia squad – 2007 Cricket World Cup (4th title) 8 Clark 11 McGrath 14 Ponting (c) 17 Hodge 18 Gilchrist 23 Clarke 25 Johnson 28 Hayden 31 Hogg 32 Tait 33 Watson 48 Hussey 57 Haddin 59 Bracken 63 Symonds Coach: Buchanan Brett Lee was replaced due to injury by Stuart Clark.

v t e Australia squad – 2007 ICC World Twenty20 Semi-Finalists 8 Clark 14 Ponting (c) 17 Hodge 18 Gilchrist 23 Clarke 25 Johnson 28 Hayden 29 Hilfenhaus 31 Hogg 33 Watson 48 Hussey 57 Haddin 58 Lee 59 Bracken 63 Symonds Shaun Tait was named in the original squad but was later ruled out after elbow surgery; he was replaced by Ben Hilfenhaus.

v t e Australia squad – 2009 ICC World Twenty20 7 White 10 Siddle 14 Ponting (c) 20 Hilfenhaus 23 Clarke 25 Johnson 29 D. Hussey 31 Warner 33 Watson 39 Hopes 43 Hauritz 48 M. Hussey 57 Lee 58 Haddin 59 Bracken Coach: Nielsen Andrew Symonds was named in the original squad but later withdrew; he was replaced by Cameron White.

v t e Australia squad – 2010 ICC World Twenty20 (runners-up) 7 White 11 Nannes 23 Clarke (c) 25 Johnson 29 D. Hussey 31 Warner 32 Tait 33 Watson 36 Paine 43 Hauritz 48 M. Hussey 49 Smith 54 Christian 57 Haddin 45 Harris Coach: Nielsen Brett Lee was injured at the beginning of the tournament and was replaced by Ryan Harris.

v t e Australia squad – 2011 Cricket World Cup 7 Cameron White 11 Dirk Nannes 12 Callum Ferguson 14 Ricky Ponting (c) 18 Jason Krejza 23 Michael Clarke 25 Mitchell Johnson 29 David Hussey 32 Shaun Tait 33 Shane Watson 36 Tim Paine (wk) 41 John Hastings 48 Michael Hussey 49 Steven Smith 57 Brad Haddin (wk) 58 Brett Lee Coach: Tim Nielsen Michael Hussey and Nathan Hauritz were replaced due to injury by Callum Ferguson and Jason Krejza respectively. Doug Bollinger was injured and replaced by Michael Hussey. Dirk Nannes joined the squad as a backup bowler.