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A drama film is a film genre that depends mostly on in-depth development of realistic characters dealing with emotional themes. Dramatic themes such as alcoholism, drug addiction, infidelity, moral dilemmas, racial prejudice, religious intolerance, sexuality, poverty, class divisions, violence against women and corruption put the characters in conflict with themselves, others, society and even natural phenomena.^[1] Drama is the most broad of movies genres and includes subgenres as romantic drama, sport films, period drama, courtroom drama and crime.^[1]

At the center of a drama is usually a character or characters who are in conflict at a crucial moment in their lives. They often revolve around families; movies like Ordinary People dig under the skin of everyday life to ask big questions and touch on the deepest emotions of normal people. Dramas often, but not always, have tragic or at least painful resolutions and concern the survival of some tragic crisis, like the death of a family member (Terms of Endearment), or a divorce (Kramer vs Kramer). Some of the greatest screen performances come from dramas, as there is ample opportunity for actors to stretch into a role that most other genres cannot afford.^[2]

Drama films have been nominated frequently for the Academy Award (particularly Best Picture) - more than any other film genre.

Sub-genres[link]

Dramatic films include a very large spectrum of film genres. Because of the large number of drama films, these movies have been sub-categorized:

• Crime drama and Legal drama – Character development based on themes involving criminals, law enforcement and the legal system.
• Historical drama (epic) (including War drama) – Films that focus on dramatic events in history.
• Docudrama: the difference between a docudrama and a documentary is that in a documentary it uses real people to describe history or current events; in a docudrama it uses professionally trained actors to play the roles in the current event, that is "dramatized" a bit. Not to be confused with docufiction.
• Comedy-drama: is in which there is an equal, or nearly equal balance of humor and serious content.
• Melodrama: a sub-type of drama films that uses plots that appeal to the heightened emotions of the audience. Melodramatic plots often deal with "crises of human emotion, failed romance or friendship, strained familial situations, tragedy, illness, neuroses, or emotional and physical hardship." Film critics sometimes use the term "pejoratively to connote an unrealistic, pathos-filled, campy tale of romance or domestic situations with stereotypical characters (often including a central female character) that would directly appeal to feminine audiences."^[3] Also called "women's movies", "weepies", tearjerkers, or "chick flicks". If they are targeted to a male audience, then they are called "guy cry" films.
• Romance: a sub-type of dramatic film which dwells on the elements of romantic love.
• Tragedy: a drama in which a character's downfall is caused by a flaw in their character or by a major error in judgment.

Early film-1950s[link]

In the early years of cinema, melodrama held sway, as the transition from silent cinema's pantomime left film with a more presentational manner. In the 1950s, however, the arrival of stage actors like Marlon Brando, trained in more naturalistic techniques, slowly changed drama to a more realistic tenor. A Streetcar Named Desire is considered a pivotal film in this development.^{[citation needed]} By the late 1970s, melodrama was nearly finished as an overt genre, as the hunger for realism dominated film in groundbreaking movies like Martin Scorsese's Mean Streets.

From the silent era to the 1950s, Dramas were tools to teach the audience. Films like The Grapes of Wrath (1940) show the effects of the depression. Citizen Kane (1941) was said by Orson Welles to not be a biography of William Randolph Hearst, but a composite of many people from that era. In the 1950s, began a rise in well-known dramatic actors. Montgomery Clift, Glenn Ford, James Dean, Bette Davis, and Marilyn Monroe were notable dramatic actors. Dramatic Films focused on character relationships and development. All About Eve (1950) focused on women, and their relationship with men. Rebel Without a Cause (1955) displayed teenage angst. Films like 12 Angry Men (1957) and Anatomy of a Murder (1959) show the inner workings of a courtroom.

Some of the most critically acclaimed drama films in Asian cinema were produced during the 1950s, including Yasujirō Ozu's Tokyo Story (1953), Kenji Mizoguchi's Ugetsu (1954), Satyajit Ray's The Apu Trilogy (1955–1959), Guru Dutt's Pyaasa (1957), and the Akira Kurosawa films Rashomon (1950), Ikiru (1952) and Seven Samurai (1954).

1960s-1970s[link]

The 1960s brought politically driven dramas focusing on war, such as Judgment at Nuremberg (1961), Flashback (1969) and The Manchurian Candidate (1962). Sports dramas became inspiration such as The Hustler (1961) and Downhill Racer (1969).

During the 1970s, modern dramatic directors made some of their first films. Francis Ford Coppola directed The Godfather (1972). Martin Scorsese directed Taxi Driver (1976), Mean Streets (1973), and musical drama New York, New York (1977). Sylvester Stallone created one of the most successful sports drama franchises with Rocky (1976) and also directed the sequel Rocky II (1979). In addition, in sports drama were films that focused on the struggle of athletes such as Brian's Song (1970), and The Longest Yard (1974). War films and specifically World War II films were produced, giving the most realistic adaptation of the war seen in films at that time. Tora! Tora! Tora! (1970), Patton (1970), and Apocalypse Now (1979), which all show the trials and hardships of war, are still considered classic war films.

1980s-1990s[link]

In the 1980s, dramatic film put emphasis on highly emotional themes. Do the Right Thing (1989), Spike Lee's debut film, and The Color Purple (1985) were full character studies of African American culture and history. War dramas again played a big part as Platoon (1986) showed the horrors of Vietnam. Das Boot (1981) focused on the German viewpoint of World War II. Drama, with a science fiction edge was a theme when Steven Spielberg directed E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982), and Ridley Scott directed Blade Runner (1982), and also The Accused (1988).

During the 1990s, Goodfellas (1990) took a gritty, hard-edged look at mob crime. The Shawshank Redemption (1994), which was set inside a prison, had strong themes of hope, as did the Holocaust-themed Schindler's List (1993). Dramas also took a turn with existentialist thrillers such as Fight Club (1999) and the tale of suburban angst American Beauty (1999). Coming of age was dealt with in Good Will Hunting (1997), race relationships were a theme in American History X (1998), and the AIDs epidemic and discrimination were the focus of Philadelphia (1993). Comedy-drama was featured with films like Forrest Gump (1994), Jerry Maguire (1996) and As Good as It Gets (1997). Child-oriented dramas also became more popular with titles such as The Lion King (1994).

2000s[link]

In the 2000s, biopics such as Ali (2001), Frida (2002), 8 Mile (2002),Ray (2004), Walk the Line (2005) and Milk (2008) have become popular among filmmakers. Gladiator (2000) is an epic dramatic film, along with The Last Samurai (2003). The Gulf War and similar skirmishes were an inspiration for dramatic films in war drama movies like Black Hawk Down (2001) and Jarhead (2005). Despite the drop on popularity of the romantic dramas, some of them have enjoyed big box office and critical success, as the controversial groundbreaking Brokeback Mountain (2005) for example, that won several awards and Slumdog Millionaire (2008) is a critically acclaimed romantic drama film that has been nominated for ten Academy Awards, and went on to win eight of them, including Best Picture.

See also[link]

• List of drama films
• Romantic drama film

References[link]

Raphael Joseph De Mesa Eigenmann (born September 25, 1961), better known as Mark Gil, is a Filipino actor.

Personal life[link]

He is the son of actors Eddie Mesa and Rosemarie Gil, brother of actors Michael de Mesa and Cherie Gil. He is fourth Filipino, fourth Spanish, and half Swiss German American descent.^[1] He is the father of singer/actor Gabby Eigenmann and Ira Eigenmann from actress Irene Celebre.^[2][3] He is also the father of Tim "Sid Lucero" Eigenmann and Maxene "Max" Eigenmann from actress Bing Pimentel, and of Andi Eigenmann from another actress, Jaclyn Jose. He has been married for 18 yrs to Maricar Jacinto-Eigenmann.

Filmography[link]

Movies[link]

Television[link]

References[link]

Aditya Pancholi (born 12 September 1965) is an Indian film actor working in Hindi Cinema. Aditya has also proved his worth in many villainous roles as well, the recent being Dum Maro Dum. His performance in Yes Boss and the double role in Jung was very well received.

Early life[link]

He's the son of the filmmaker Rajan Pancholi and Aruna. He has one sister and two brothers. He was born as Nirmal Pancholi in Mumbai, India. When Pancholi dated actress Pooja Bedi, he was accused of statutory rape of her minor domestic help (15 at the time).^[1]

Career[link]

He has appeared in over sixty-five films and also appeared in several television productions. Pancholi is perhaps best known for the films Saathi (also known as The Companion) (1991), Aatish: Feel the Fire (1994), Yes Boss (1997) and Musafir (2004).

His best work till date is in the movie Saathi, directed by Mahesh Bhatt. His recent villain role was in film "BodyGuard".

Films[link]

2012 Idiot Bengali Movie with Shrabanti Chatterjee

2012 Hook Ya Crook Mahesh Narayan

2011 Bodyguard Vikrant Special Appearrance

2011 Raftaar 24 x 7 Media Tycoon

2011 Dum Maro Dum Biscuit

2010 Striker Jaleel Jalebi

2004 Musafir Inspector Tiger (as Aditya Panscholi)

2003 Border Hindustan Ka Ranbir Singh

2003 Chalte Chalte Hostile businessman

2002 Jaani Dushman: Ek Anokhi Kahani Ashok Kejriwal

2002 Aankhen Police Inspector (as Aditya Panscholi)

2002 Yeh Dil Aashiqanaa Akhmash Jalaal

2001 Baghawat - Ek Jung

2000 Tarkieb Mohan Multani (as Aditya Panscholi)

2000 Jung Inspector Khan

2000 Baaghi Vikram

2000 Jodidar Forest Officer

1999 Aaya Toofan Noor Mohammed Azaad

1999 Benaam Shera

1998 Military Raaj

1998 Dand Nayak

1998 Hafta Vasuli Salim (as Aditya Panscholi)

1998 Zanjeer

1997 Yes Boss Siddharth Chaudhary

1997 Hamesha Yash Vardhan

1996 Khilona Rajkumar

1996 Zordaar Shiva/Tony

1996 Muqadama Inspector Manoj Saigal

1996 Mafia Inspector Bhagat Singh

1996 Jung

1996 Ek Tha Raja Raj/Raj Dogra

1995 Ram Shastra Inspector Kavi

1995 Gambler Inspector Shiva

1995 Ravan Raaj: A True Story

1995 Surakshaa Suraj/Maharaj Vijay (as Aditya Panscholi)

1994 Aatish: Feel the Fire Nawab

1993 Chor Aur Chaand Suraj "Surya" (as Aditya Panscholi)

1993 Bomb Blast

1993 Muqabla Traffic Constable Deepak

1993 Game Raja

1993 Tahqiqaat Peter

1992 Tahalka Capt. Rakesh

1992 Sahebzaade Rahul

1992 Yaad Rakhegi Duniya Vicky Anand

1991 Jeevan Daata Vishnu

1991 Akayla Ajay (as Aditya Panscholi)

1991 Saathi Suraj (as Aditya Panscholi)

1991 Shiv Ram

1991 Dushman Devta Suraj

1991 Paap Ki Aandhi CBI Inspector Vikrant

1991 Vishnu-Devaa Insp. Devaa Prasad

1991 Hafta Bandh

1991 Naamcheen Rajan

1991 Laal Paree Shankar

1990 Awaragardi

1990 Sailaab Krishna/Rajiv

1990 Baap Numbri Beta Dus Numbri Anil/Ravi

1990 Maha-Sangram Suraj 'Chhota' Godha

1990 Taqdeer Ka Tamasha Inspector Suryapratap

1990 Awwal Number Ranvir Singh (Ronny)

1990 Gunahon Ka Devta Sunny Khanna

1990 Pyaar Ka Toofan Shyamu

1990 Veeru Dada Amit G. Anand

1990 Zakhmi Zameen Mangal/Raju/Inspector Vijay

1989 Ladaai Amar D. Sharma

1989 Desh Ke Dushman Umesh S. Gupta

1989 Lashkar Amar

1989 Jaadugar Shankar Narayan

1989 Kahan Hai Kanoon

1989 Mohabat Ka Paigham Naeem

1988 Maalamaal Chander Oberoi

1988 Dayavan Assistant Commissioner of Police

1988 Dharamyudh Thakur Vijay Singh

1988 Khoon Bahaa Ganga Mein

1988 Qatil Kumar S. Sinha

1988 Kab Tak Chup Rahungi

1986 Sasti Dulhan Mahenga Dulha Anil (As Nirmal)

Awards & Nominations[link]

• 1998 Nominated Filmfare Best Villain Award for Yes Boss
• 2011 Nominated Global Indian Film & TV Honours award for Best Villain in Striker.

Personal life[link]

Pancholi met actress Zarina Wahab while filming Kalank Ka Tika whom he married in 1986. They have a daughter, Sana, and a son, Suraj.

Notes[link]

External links[link]

Biography portal

• Aditya Pancholi at the Internet Movie Database