Rilo Kiley (/ˈraɪloʊ ˈkaɪliː/RY-lohKY-lee) was an American indie rock band based in Los Angeles. Formed in 1998, the band consisted of Jenny Lewis, Blake Sennett, Pierre de Reeder, and Jason Boesel.

The group released their debut album Take-Offs and Landings under Seattle-based independent label Barsuk Records in 2001.^[1] Since then, they have released three additional studio albums and several EPs. In 2007, they were signed with major record label Warner Bros., and consequently made their major record label debut Under the Blacklight.^[1]

History[link]

Fronted by former child actors Jenny Lewis (Troop Beverly Hills, The Wizard) and Blake Sennett (Salute Your Shorts, Boy Meets World), the band signed with independent label Barsuk Records for its first full-length album, Take-Offs and Landings, in 2001. The band later signed with Omaha's Saddle Creek Records and released The Execution of All Things in 2002. In 2004, it released More Adventurous on its own imprint, Brute/Beaute Records, which was distributed by major label Warner Bros. Records. The band later signed directly with Warner Bros.

2004 saw a great increase in recognition for the band, as Sennett and Boesel released an album with their band The Elected and Lewis sang backup on The Postal Service's Give Up. Lewis toured with The Postal Service before heading out on two tours in support of Rilo Kiley's More Adventurous in the summer and fall of 2004. The album spent late 2004 high on Billboard's Heatseekers Chart, and was promoted with appearances on the Late Night with Conan O'Brien and Jimmy Kimmel Live. The band opened for Bright Eyes on the international leg of Conor Oberst's tour for 2005's I'm Wide Awake, It's Morning and was the opening act for the North American dates of Coldplay's Twisted Logic Tour in Fall 2005. "I Never" and "Ripchord" (from More Adventurous) have been featured in several feature films, including Must Love Dogs, Conversations with Other Women, and John Tucker Must Die.

The group is also known for its charitable contributions, particularly to the Elliott Smith Memorial Fund, in honor of the late singer and friend of the band. Sennett and Lewis participated in a memorial concert for the singer shortly after his death in 2003. Sennett and Lewis also contributed to the 2005 UNICEF benefit song, "Do They Know It's Hallowe'en?".

The band's fourth album Under the Blacklight was released August 20, 2007 in the United Kingdom^[2] and the following day in the United States.^[3] Its first single is "The Moneymaker". For the video, the band cast "real-life porn stars", who Lewis says were told they were auditioning for "soft core porn".^[4] The second single is "Silver Lining".

On September 6, 2007, the band began a North American tour in support of Under the Blacklight. On this tour, it was joined by Orenda Fink (of Azure Ray) and Kristin Gundred (of Grand Ole Party).

In April 2009 Blender named "Portions for Foxes" number 376 in their list of "500 Greatest Songs Since You Were Born".^[5]

Hiatus and breakup[link]

In a 2010 interview with Paste, Jason Boesel stated that the band is on hiatus but are currently working a compilation of unreleased songs. He also stated that there are no plans to release a new album within the near future.^[6]

In an April 2011 interview, Blake Sennett stated that, "I would say that if Rilo Kiley were... hmmm... a human being... hmmm... he's probably laying on his back in a morgue with a tag on his toe. Now, I see movies where the dead get up and walk. And when they do that, rarely do good things happen."^[7]

In June 2011, when asked about his "corpse" comment and whether Rilo Kiley was indeed dead, Sennett said "I never say never. I loved Rilo Kiley—I loved writing with Jenny. I think she's a great artist and great to write with. I think we're not there yet. Maybe one day we'll dust it off and give it a go; I'd be open to it. I think it was fun—for all of the pitfalls, it was great. I had a great time in Rilo Kiley. I always did."^[8]

One month later, however, Blake Sennett announced in an interview with Spinner that the band will not be returning after hiatus and said, "I just felt like there was a lot of deception, disloyalty, greed and things I don't really want to submit myself to." As he officially announced the end of the band, he also said, "I had related that frustration to music but I just thought, 'I'm not going to put myself in that position again,' so I said, 'Fuck that, I can't do this anymore.' That being said, it was probably immature and that came from a place of ego. I think that stuff will rear its head in anything you do, depending on the personnel you surround yourself with; things change overtime [sic] and people change and relationships change."^[9]

Television appearances[link]

2004 live performance.

The band's songs have frequently been used on television programs, such as The O.C. and Dawson's Creek. The apparent first use of Rilo Kiley music on a television show was also the last time that Blake Sennett and Jenny Lewis acted on television. In 2000, they played fictionalized versions of themselves (and the band performed "The Frug") on ABC's short-lived drama Once & Again. Both "The Frug" and "85" were used during a third season episode of Dawson's Creek (#46, "Barefoot At Capefest"). Commenting on this, Lewis said, "We felt honored and grateful to have our music on a show with the integrity and credibility that Dawson's Creek has so rightly earned. We feel proud also that they chose to play our songs during such poignant points in the episode."^[10] "Pictures of Success" was used in episode #114 of Buffy The Vampire Slayer, entitled "Older and Far Away". In 2005, "Portions For Foxes" was used in the pilot of Grey's Anatomy and "With Arms Outstretched" was used in the pilot of Weeds. For a second-season episode of Weeds, Lewis sang the theme song ("Little Boxes") with Johnathan Rice who was touring with the band. "Silver Lining" was featured in the pilot of Women's Murder Club. The song "Breakin' Up" was featured in a fourth season episode of Grey's Anatomy. "The Moneymaker" was used on an episode of Nip/Tuck that aired on December 11, 2007 and on an episode of Samantha Who? that aired on April 16, 2009. "The Good That Won't Come Out" was featured quietly in the background of the Season 4 Episode 4 episode of Heroes "Hysterical Blindness" on 10/12/2009.

Origin of the band's name[link]

On the syndicated radio show Loveline in August 2005, Sennett explained that he had a dream in which he was being chased by a sports almanac: "when it got me, I leafed through it...and I came upon an Australian-rules football player from the 19th century named Rilo Kiley. It's kind of embarrassing." When asked by co-host Drew Pinsky if he had ever seen this name in reality, Sennett said, "I don't think so, I don't think that character exists...If you Google 'Rilo Kiley' you just come back with a lot of pictures of us." On how this imaginary name became the name for the band: "I wrote it down on a blotter, an office desk when I woke up, and, I don't know, I came back to it when we were trying to think of a name and we thought we'd use that for one show then change it, 'cause who'd want that name? Who can remember that anyway?"^[11]

In 2005, Sennett told Planet Sound Teletext Magazine that the name came from a Scottish athlete. On a 2005 episode of the MSNBC entertainment show MSNBC Entertainment Hot List, the female host stated that the name came from "old Scottish sports almanacs". In the interview segment that followed, Sennett stated, "We just looked in there and the name of one of the star players from the turn of the century was Rilo Kiley."

In an interview published in Q magazine in September 2007, Sennett offered this explanation: "Rilo Kiley is named after a character he'd met in a dream who had predicted the date of Jenny Lewis' death."

Band members[link]

• Jenny Lewis – vocals, keyboards, guitar, bass guitar
• Blake Sennett – guitar, keyboards, vocals
• Pierre de Reeder – bass guitar, guitar, backing vocals
• Jason Boesel – drums, percussion (2001–2011)
• Dave Rock – drums, percussion (1998–2001)

Discography[link]

• Rilo Kiley (1999) (Also known as The Initial Friend EP)
• Take Offs and Landings (2001)
• The Execution of All Things (2002)
• More Adventurous (2004)
• Under the Blacklight (2007)

See also[link]

• Jenny Lewis with the Watson Twins
• The Elected

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Rilo Kiley

• Official site
• http://www.scenepointblank.com/news/splits/rilo-kiley-no-longer-on-hiatus-but-broken-up
• Rilo Kiley discography at Discogs
• Rilo Kiley discography at MusicBrainz

Mukesh Ambani
Chairman & MD of Reliance Industries
Born	(1957-04-19) 19 April 1957 (age 55) Colony of Aden[1]
Residence	Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Nationality	Indian
Alma mater	University of Bombay Stanford University (dropped out)
Occupation	Chairman & MD of Reliance Industries Director of Bank of America
Net worth	US$ 22.3 billion (2012)[2]
Religion	Hinduism
Spouse	Nita Ambani
Children	Akash,Anant,Isha[3]
Parents	Dhirubhai Ambani Kokilaben Ambani
Relatives	Anil Ambani (Brother)
Website
Mukesh Ambani

Mukesh Dhirubhai Ambani (Gujarati: મુકેશ ધીરુભાઈ અંબાની) (born on 19 April 1957) is an Indian business magnate who is the chairman and managing director of the Indian conglomerate Reliance Industries Limited (RIL), the foremost company of the Indian energy and materials conglomerate Reliance Group.^[4] The company was ranked #134th in Fortune Global 500 and is India's most valuable company by market value and second-largest Indian company by turnover.^[5][6] Ambani remains the largest individual shareholder, with 44.7 percent stake in RIL. The company is the operator of the world’s biggest oil refining complex and owner of India’s biggest natural gas field.^[7] Mukesh's younger brother is Anil Ambani, who heads Reliance Group. The Ambani family is the richest family in India and one of the richest in the world, their wealth inherited from Dhirubhai Ambani, founder of 2nd largest Indian conglomerate Reliance Group (after Tata Group).^[8]

In 2010, he was named among the most powerful people in the world by Forbes in its list of "68 people who matter most"^[9] As of 2012, he is the second richest man in Asia^[10] and the 19th richest person in the world with a personal wealth of US$22.3 billion. In 2007, a strong rally in the Indian stock market and the appreciation of the Indian rupee boosted the market capitalisation of Reliance group companies, briefly making him the world’s richest man.^[11][12][13]

He is a member of the board of directors of Bank of America Corporation and a present member of the international advisory board of the Council on Foreign Relations.

In 2012, Forbes named Mukesh Ambani the 2nd richest sports owner ^[14] in the world. According to the list of richest sports owners, he is richer than owners of Chelsea and AC Milan. Ambani's company Reliance Industries owns the Indian Premier League domestic cricket club Mumbai Indians ^[15].

Early life[link]

Mukesh Ambani was born on 19th April, 1957 to Dhirubhai Ambani and Kokilaben Ambani in a Colony of Aden, Yemen.^[16] He has a brother, Anil, and two sisters - Dipti Salgaoncar & Nina Kothari.^[17]

The Ambani family lived in a two bedroom apartment in Bhuleshwar, Mumbai until the 1970s.^[18] Dhirubhai Ambani then purchased a 14-floor apartment block called 'Sea Wind' in Colaba, where, until recently, Mukesh and Anil each lived with their families on different floors.^[19]

Mukesh Ambani was educated at Abaay Morischa School in Mumbai and completed his graduation with a bachelor`s degree in chemical engineering from the UDCT, now Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai. He stood sixth in the University exams.<sup>[20]</sup> Mukesh later enrolled for an MBA from Stanford University but completed only one year of the two year program and dropped out in the year 1980.<sup>[21]</sup> Indira Gandhi administration threw open the doors of PFY (Polyester Filament Yarn) manufacturing to the private sector in early 1980. Dhirubhai Ambani had applied for a license to set up PFY manufacturing plant. In spite of stiff competition from Tatas, Birlas and 43 others, Dhirubhai was awarded the licence.<sup>[22]</sup> To help him build the PFY plant, Dhirubhai pulled his eldest son Mukesh out of Stanford where he was studying for his MBA. Mukesh Ambani, then dropped out to help his father and initiated Reliance`s backward integration from textiles into polyester fibres and further into petrochemicals, beginning in 1981.^[23]

In 2010, Mukesh Ambani has been conferred the 'Degree of Doctor of Science Honoris Causa' by M.S University, Baroda, Gujarat^[24]

Business career[link]

He joined Reliance Industries in 1981.^[25] He initiated Reliance's backward integration journey from textiles into polyester fibres and further into petrochemicals, petroleum refining and going up-stream into oil and gas exploration and production.^[26]

Ambani set up one of the largest and most complex information and communications technology initiatives in the world in the form of Reliance Infocomm Limited (now Reliance Communications Limited).^[27]

Ambani directed and led the creation of the world’s largest grassroots petroleum refinery at Jamnagar, India, with a current capacity of 660,000 barrels per day (33 million tonnes per year) integrated with petrochemicals, power generation, port and related infrastructure.^[28]

Board Memberships[link]

• Chairman, Managing Director, Chairman of Finance Committee and Member of Employees Stock Compensation Committee, Reliance Industries Limited
• Former Chairman, Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Limited
• Former Vice Chairman, Reliance Petroleum
• Chairman of the Board, Reliance Petroleum
• Chairman and Chairman of Audit Committee, Reliance Retail Limited.
• Chairman, Reliance Exploration and Production DMCC
• Director, Member of Credit Committee and Member of Compensation & Benefits Committee, Bank of America Corporation^[29]

Awards and honours[link]

• Ranked 5th best performing CEO in the world by Harvard Business Review in its ranking of top 50 global CEOs.^[39]
• Only Indian to be a part of the United Nations MDG Advocacy Group^[40]
• Re-elected as Vice Chairman of the Business Council for Sustainable Development's (WBCSD) Executive Committee for a second consecutive term in 2010.^[41]
• Ranked 33rd among the 'Top 50 Most Respected Business Leaders of the World' in a survey conducted by Pricewater House Coopers and published in Financial Times, London in 2003.
• Conferred the 'Membership Award' by The Textile Association of India in December 2002.
• Ranked 13th in Asia’s Power 25 list of 'The Most Powerful People in Business' published by Fortune magazine in 2004.
• Ranked No.2 by IMRB International in The Power 100 list of India's Most Powerful CEOs, in 2004

Award Gallery[link]

• 

  Mukesh Ambani received 'Juran Quality Medal' in 2009

• 

  Mukesh Ambani conferred the 'Asia Society Leadership Award'

Personal life[link]

He is married to Nita Ambani and has three children.^[42] They live in a private 27-story building in Mumbai named Antilia.^[43] The value of the home is US$1 billion and it is claimed to be the most expensive home in history.^[44] Billionaire Mukesh Ambani earns an annual salary of 150 million rupee (Rs 15 crore), which has remained unchanged since the fiscal 2008-09.^[45]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Mukesh Ambani

• Profile at Reliance Industries
• Profile at Forbes
• Mukesh Ambani collected news and commentary at Bloomberg News
• Mukesh Ambani collected news and commentary at The New York Times
• Mukesh Ambani collected news and commentary at The Wall Street Journal
• Mukesh Ambani collected news and commentary at The Economist
• Mukesh Ambani collected news and commentary at The Times of India
• Works by or about Mukesh Ambani in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
• Mukesh Ambani at the Notable Names Database

In the recording industry, a cut-out refers to a deeply-discounted or remaindered copy of an LP, cassette tape, Compact Disc, or other item.

History[link]

When LPs were the primary medium for distribution or recording, manufacturers would physically cut the corner, punch a hole, or add a notch to the spine of the jacket of unsold records returned from retailers; these "cut-outs" might then be re-sold to record retailers or other sales outlets for sale at a discounted price. A special section of a record store devoted to such items was known as the cut-out bin or bargain bin. ^[1][2]

As tapes and CDs supplanted LPs, the mechanisms for indicating a cut-out changed. On cassettes, a hole tended to be punched or burned through the case and through its printed insert. On CDs (a practice that continues today), a section of varying size is taken out of the spine of the jewel case and its paper track listing. Other methods of cutting CDs include punching a hole through the UPC and clipping a corner off of the front insert.

Cut-outs are typically wholesaled to retailers as non-returnable items, meaning that the store cannot send them back to the distributor for a refund; the reason for the cut or hole in the packaging is to mark the item as non-returnable.^[2] The marking also serves to prevent the retailer from selling the discounted item at full price.^[1] Recording artists also typically do not get full royalties from cut-outs, since they're sold at a "promotional" cost, far less than the retail price.^[1] Except for the physical damage to the liner notes and outer case, the inner disc (LP or CD) is generally unharmed by the cut-out process, and sounds the same as the originally-sold recording.

A similar cut-out procedure was practiced with the laserdisc home video format as well as the 8-track tape cartridge. The practice has also been extended to DVD.

[edit] Dakou cassettes and CDs in China

Cut-out (打口, dakou, in Chinese) cassettes and CDs played an important role in the development of Chinese rock music in China^[3]. Dakou was the major and often the only source of foreign rock and pop music in China^[4].

See also[link]

• Remaindered book
• Stripped book

References[link]

This article about retailing is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

This article contains Chinese text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters.

Bruce Lee (born Lee Jun-fan; 27 November 1940 – 20 July 1973) was a Chinese American^[3] Hong Kong actor,^[4] martial arts instructor,^[5] philosopher, film director, film producer, screenwriter, and founder of the Jeet Kune Do martial arts movement. He is widely considered by many commentators, critics, media and other martial artists to be the most influential martial artist and pop culture icon of the 20th Century.^[6][7][8] He is often credited with changing the way Asians were presented in American films.^[6]

Lee was born in San Francisco to parents of Hong Kong heritage but was raised in Hong Kong until his late teens. Lee returned to the United States at the age of 18 to claim his U.S. citizenship and receive his higher education.^[9] It was during this time that he began teaching martial arts, which soon led to film and television roles.

His Hong Kong and Hollywood-produced films elevated the traditional Hong Kong martial arts film to a new level of popularity and acclaim, and sparked a major surge of interest in Chinese martial arts in the West in the 1970s. The direction and tone of his films changed and influenced martial arts and martial arts films in Hong Kong and the rest of the world, as well.^[10] He is noted for his roles in five feature-length films: Lo Wei's The Big Boss (1971) and Fist of Fury (1972); Way of the Dragon (1972), directed and written by Lee; Warner Brothers' Enter the Dragon (1973) and The Game of Death (1978), both directed by Robert Clouse.^[11]

Lee became an iconic figure known throughout the world, particularly among the Chinese, as he portrayed Chinese nationalism in his films.^[12] He initially trained in Wing Chun, but he later rejected well-defined martial art styles, favouring instead the use of techniques from various sources, in the spirit of his personal martial arts philosophy, which he dubbed Jeet Kune Do (The Way of the Intercepting Fist).

Early life[link]

Part of the series on Chinese martial arts
List of Chinese martial arts
Terms
Kung fu (功夫) Wushu (武術) Qigong (氣功)
Historical places
Shaolin Monastery (少林寺) Wudang Mountains (武當山) Mount Hua (華山) Mount Emei (峨嵋山) Kunlun Mountains (崑崙山)
Historical people
Yue Fei (岳飛) Yim Wing-chun (嚴詠春) Hung Hei-gun (洪熙官) Fong Sai-yuk (方世玉) Dong Haichuan (董海川) Yang Lu-ch'an (楊露禪) Wu Quanyou (吳全佑) Ten Tigers of Canton (廣東十虎) Chen Fake (陳發科) Chan Heung (陳享) Wong Fei-hung (黃飛鴻) Sun Lu-t'ang (孫祿堂) Huo Yuanjia (霍元甲) Yip Man (葉問) Wang Zi-Ping (王子平)
Famous modern actors
Bruce Lee (李小龍) Jackie Chan (成龍) Sammo Hung (洪金寶) Yuen Biao (元彪) Jet Li (李連杰)
Legendary figures
Bodhidharma (菩提達摩) Zhang Sanfeng (張三丰) Eight immortals (八仙) Five Elders (五祖)
Related
Hong Kong action cinema Wushu (sport) Wuxia (武俠)
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Bruce Lee was born on 27 November 1940 at the Chinese Hospital in Chinatown, San Francisco. According to the Chinese zodiac Lee was born in both the hour and the year of the Dragon which in this cultural tradition is considered a strong and fortuitous omen.^[13] His father, Lee Hoi-chuen, was fully Chinese, and his mother, Grace Ho (何愛瑜), was half Chinese and half Caucasian.^[14] Grace was the daughter of Ho Kom-tong and the niece of Sir Robert Ho-tung, both notable Honk Kong businessmen and philanthropists.^[15] Lee was the fourth child of five children: Agnes, Phoebe, Peter, and Robert. Lee and his parents returned to Hong Kong when he was three months old.^[16]

Names[link]

Lee's Cantonese birth name was Lee Jun-fan (李振藩).^[17] The name homophonically means "return again"; it was given to Lee by his mother, who felt he would return to the United States once he came of age.^[18] Because of his mother's superstitious nature, she originally named him Sai-fon (細鳳), which is a feminine name meaning "small phoenix".^[19] The English name "Bruce" was thought to be given by the hospital attending physician, Dr. Mary Glover.^[20]

Lee had three other Chinese names: Li Yuanxin (李源鑫), a family/clan name; Li Yuanjian (李元鑒), as a student name while he was attending La Salle College, and his Chinese screen name Li Xiaolong (李小龍; Xiaolong means "little dragon"). Lee's given name Jun-fan was originally written in Chinese as 震藩, however, the Jun (震) Chinese character was identical to part of his grandfather's name, Lee Jun-biu (李震彪). Hence, the Chinese character for Jun in Lee's name was changed to the homonym 振 instead, to avoid naming taboo in Chinese tradition.

Family[link]

Lee's father, Lee Hoi-chuen, was one of the leading Cantonese opera and film actors at the time, and was embarking on a year-long Cantonese opera tour with his family on the eve of the Japanese invasion of Hong Kong. Lee Hoi-chuen had been touring the United States for many years and performing at numerous Chinese communities there.

Although a number of his peers decided to stay in the United States, Lee Hoi-chuen decided to go back to Hong Kong after his wife gave birth to Bruce Lee. Within months, Hong Kong was invaded and the Lees lived for three years and eight months under Japanese occupation. After the war ended, Lee Hoi-chuen resumed his acting career and became a more popular actor during Hong Kong's rebuilding years.

Lee's mother, Grace Ho, was from one of the wealthiest and most powerful clans in Hong Kong, the Ho-tungs. She was the niece of Sir Robert Ho-tung,^[15][21] of Eurasian descent and patriarch of the clan. As such, the young Bruce Lee grew up in an affluent and privileged environment. Despite this advantage of his family's status, the Hong Kong neighborhood Lee grew up in became over-crowded, dangerous, and full of gang rivalries because of the mass number of people fleeing communist China to Hong Kong, :^[19]

Post-war Hong Kong was a tough place to grow up. Gangs ruled the city streets and Lee was often forced to fight them. But Bruce liked a challenge and faced his adversaries head on. To his parents dismay, Bruce's street fighting continued and the violent nature of his confrontations was escalating.

After being involved in several street fights, Lee's parents decided that he needed to be trained in the martial arts. Lee's first introduction to martial arts was through his father. He learned the fundamentals of Wu-style t'ai chi ch'uan from his father.^[22]

Wing Chun[link]

The largest influence on Lee's martial arts development was his study of Wing Chun. Lee began training in Wing Chun at the age of 13 under the Wing Chun teacher Yip Man in 1954, after losing a fight with rival gang members. Yip's regular classes generally consisted of the forms practice, chi sao (sticking hands) drills, wooden dummy techniques, and free-sparring.^[23] There was no set pattern to the classes.^[23] Yip tried to keep his students from fighting in the street gangs of Hong Kong by encouraging them to fight in organized competitions.^[24]

After a year into his Wing Chun training, most of Yip Man's other students refused to train with Lee after they learnt of his ancestry (his mother was half Chinese and half Caucasian) as the Chinese generally were against teaching their martial arts techniques to non-Asians.^[25][26] Lee's sparring partner, Hawkins Cheung states, "Probably fewer than six people in the whole Wing Chun clan were personally taught, or even partly taught, by Yip Man".^[27] However, Lee showed a keen interest in Wing Chun, and continued to train privately with Yip Man and Wong Shun Leung in 1955.^[28]

Leaving Hong Kong[link]

After attending Tak Sun School (德信學校) (a couple of blocks from his home at 218 Nathan Road, Kowloon), Lee entered the primary school division of La Salle College in 1950 or 1952 (at the age of 12). In around 1956, due to poor academic performance (or possibly poor conduct as well), he was transferred to St. Francis Xavier's College (high school) where he would be mentored by Brother Edward, a teacher and coach of the school boxing team.

In the spring of 1959, Lee got into yet another street fight and the police were called.^[29] From all the way to his late teens, Lee's street fights became more frequent and included beating up the son of a feared triad family. Eventually, Lee's father decided for him to leave Hong Kong to pursue a safer and healthier avenue in the United States. His parents confirmed the police's fear that this time Lee's opponent had an organised crime background, and there was the possibility that a contract was out for his life.

The police detective came and he says "Excuse me Mr. Lee, your son is really fighting bad in school. If he gets into just one more fight I might have to put him in jail".

—Robert Lee^[19]

In April 1959, Lee's parents decided to send him to the United States to stay with his older sister, Agnes Lee (李秋鳳), who was already living with family friends in San Francisco.

New life in America[link]

At the age of 18, Lee returned to the United States with $100 in his pocket and the titles of 1957 High School Boxing Champion and 1958 Crown colony Cha Cha Champion of Hong Kong.^[13] After living in San Francisco for several months, he moved to Seattle in 1959, to continue his high school education, where he also worked for Ruby Chow as a live-in waiter at her restaurant.

Chow's husband was a co-worker and friend of Lee's father. Lee's elder brother Peter Lee (李忠琛) would also join him in Seattle for a short stay before moving on to Minnesota to attend college. In December 1960, Lee completed his high school education and received his diploma from Edison Technical School (now Seattle Central Community College, located on Capitol Hill, Seattle).

In March 1961, Lee enrolled at the University of Washington, majoring in drama according to the university's alumni association information,^[30] not in philosophy as claimed by Lee himself and many others. Lee also studied philosophy, psychology, and various other subjects.^[31][32] It was at the University of Washington that he met his future wife Linda Emery, a fellow student studying to become a teacher, whom he married in August 1964.

Lee had two children with Linda Emery, Brandon Lee (1965–93) and Shannon Lee (b. 1969).

Jun Fan Gung Fu[link]

Lee began teaching martial arts in the United States in 1959. He called what he taught Jun Fan Gung Fu (literally Bruce Lee's Kung Fu). It was basically his approach to Wing Chun.^[33] Lee taught friends he met in Seattle, starting with Judo practitioner Jesse Glover, who later became his first assistant instructor. Lee opened his first martial arts school, named the Lee Jun Fan Gung Fu Institute, in Seattle.

Lee dropped out of college in the spring of 1964 and moved to Oakland to live with James Yimm Lee (嚴鏡海). James Lee was twenty years senior to Bruce Lee and a well known Chinese martial artist in the area. Together, they founded the second Jun Fan martial art studio in Oakland. James Lee was also responsible for introducing Bruce Lee to Ed Parker, royalty of the U.S. martial arts world and organizer of the Long Beach International Karate Championships at which Bruce Lee was later "discovered" by Hollywood.

Jeet Kune Do[link]

The Jeet Kune Do emblem is a registered trademark held by the Bruce Lee Estate. The Chinese characters around the Taijitu symbol read: "Using no way as way" and "Having no limitation as limitation" The arrows represent the endless interaction between yang and yin.^[34]