- published: 07 Sep 2011
- views: 12203
- author: ron spears
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Bergen, Edgar Filmography
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- Lyrics: play full screen play karaoke
- Edgar Bergen - Joe Henry
Dear Marion, as I write this down
Dear Marion, I just make the bed then I need
To go lie down
But baby knows that I love to cry
Over every little thing
I just sweep the yard and wait
For the whole world to change
Any minute now
From across the room she mouths words
So I can see
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Edgar Bergen
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:57
- Updated: 26 Apr 2013
This show was recorded near the end of Edgar Bergen's life. He was the grand master. Anyone that does vent today was influenced by someone that was influence...
http://wn.com/Edgar_Bergen
This show was recorded near the end of Edgar Bergen's life. He was the grand master. Anyone that does vent today was influenced by someone that was influence...
Muppet Show S2 E7 P1 - Edgar Bergen
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:54
- Updated: 28 Apr 2013
Edgar Bergen Hosts The Muppet Show Season 2 Episode 7.
http://wn.com/Muppet_Show_S2_E7_P1_Edgar_Bergen
Edgar Bergen Hosts The Muppet Show Season 2 Episode 7.
- published: 23 Aug 2007
- views: 130904
- author: DrJuliusStrangepork
EDGAR BERGAN SHOW
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 29:19
- Updated: 06 May 2013
Ira H. Gallen Video Resources 220 West 71st Street NYC 10023 (212) 724 - 7055 http://www.TVDAYS.com http://www.vidres@aol.com http://www.TVDAYS.com As the un...
http://wn.com/EDGAR_BERGAN_SHOW
Ira H. Gallen Video Resources 220 West 71st Street NYC 10023 (212) 724 - 7055 http://www.TVDAYS.com http://www.vidres@aol.com http://www.TVDAYS.com As the un...
- published: 29 Jan 2010
- views: 8256
- author: tvdays
Edgar Bergen--What's My Line
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:41
- Updated: 06 May 2013
Edgar Bergen as mystery guest on the 26 December 1954 episode of WML?
http://wn.com/Edgar_Bergen--What's_My_Line
Edgar Bergen as mystery guest on the 26 December 1954 episode of WML?
- published: 05 Jul 2008
- views: 73027
- author: crepehanger47
Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy:The eyes have it
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:54
- Updated: 05 May 2013
An early Vitaphone performance of Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy. This show has the typical Bergen&McCarthy; brand of humor, and resembles Edgar's later ra...
http://wn.com/Edgar_Bergen_Charlie_McCarthyThe_eyes_have_it
An early Vitaphone performance of Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy. This show has the typical Bergen&McCarthy; brand of humor, and resembles Edgar's later ra...
- published: 27 Jan 2008
- views: 58775
- author: zelto238
Jean Arthur, Rudy Vallee, Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy, Dorothy Lamour, Vera Vague
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 59:37
- Updated: 10 May 2013
Jean Arthur (October 17, 1900 -- June 19, 1991) was an American actress and a major film star of the 1930s and 1940s. James Harvey wrote in his recounting of...
http://wn.com/Jean_Arthur,_Rudy_Vallee,_Edgar_Bergen_Charlie_McCarthy,_Dorothy_Lamour,_Vera_Vague
Jean Arthur (October 17, 1900 -- June 19, 1991) was an American actress and a major film star of the 1930s and 1940s. James Harvey wrote in his recounting of...
- published: 14 Nov 2012
- views: 101902
- author: theradioarchive
Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy witness the Creation of Mortimer Snerd
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:29
- Updated: 16 Apr 2013
Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy show the creation of Mortimer Snerd's ventriloquist figure.
http://wn.com/Edgar_Bergen_Charlie_McCarthy_witness_the_Creation_of_Mortimer_Snerd
Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy show the creation of Mortimer Snerd's ventriloquist figure.
- published: 25 Sep 2011
- views: 9001
- author: William Forsche
Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy at the Orson Welles AFI Life Achievement Award
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:33
- Updated: 06 May 2013
Comedian and radio performer Edgar Bergen performs his classic ventriloquism act with "Charlie McCarthy" at the 1975 AFI Tribute to Orson Welles. In this cli...
http://wn.com/Edgar_Bergen_and_Charlie_McCarthy_at_the_Orson_Welles_AFI_Life_Achievement_Award
Comedian and radio performer Edgar Bergen performs his classic ventriloquism act with "Charlie McCarthy" at the 1975 AFI Tribute to Orson Welles. In this cli...
- published: 12 Sep 2011
- views: 8604
- author: afi
What's my Line? Edgar Bergen & Candice Bergen
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:54
- Updated: 21 Apr 2013
What's my Line? Edgar Bergen & Candice Bergen.
http://wn.com/What's_my_Line?_Edgar_Bergen_Candice_Bergen
What's my Line? Edgar Bergen & Candice Bergen.
- published: 20 Aug 2010
- views: 24367
- author: NorbertR33
Charlie McCarthy & Edgar Bergen in 'Nut Guilty' (1936)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:42
- Updated: 13 Apr 2013
This short film stars Edgar Bergen and his young pal, Charlie McCarthy, the hugely popular radio duo. Bergen plays a judge, and McCarthy is a young boy on a ...
http://wn.com/Charlie_McCarthy_Edgar_Bergen_in_'Nut_Guilty'_1936
This short film stars Edgar Bergen and his young pal, Charlie McCarthy, the hugely popular radio duo. Bergen plays a judge, and McCarthy is a young boy on a ...
- published: 02 Jun 2011
- views: 10519
- author: Dan North
Dean Martin, Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:53
- Updated: 30 Apr 2013
http://wn.com/Dean_Martin,_Edgar_Bergen_Charlie_McCarthy
Africa Speaks Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy 1933
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:31
- Updated: 08 Feb 2013
http://wn.com/Africa_Speaks_Edgar_Bergen_Charlie_McCarthy_1933
Muppet Show S2 E7 P2 - Edgar Bergen
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:40
- Updated: 28 Apr 2013
Eggar Bergen Hosts The Muppet Show Season 2 Episode 7.
http://wn.com/Muppet_Show_S2_E7_P2_Edgar_Bergen
Eggar Bergen Hosts The Muppet Show Season 2 Episode 7.
- published: 23 Aug 2007
- views: 57364
- author: DrJuliusStrangepork
Edgar Bergen
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:06
- Updated: 17 Apr 2013
Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy in "At the Races" (1934)
http://wn.com/Edgar_Bergen
Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy in "At the Races" (1934)
- published: 30 May 2007
- views: 27363
- author: feldspar1933
Burl Ives hosts Hollywood Palace (4 of 5)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:40
- Updated: 23 Mar 2013
Burl Ives hosts Hollywood Palace (4 of 5) 12/12/64 --Edgar Bergen (with Charlie McCarthy) --Candice Bergen (Edgar Bergen's daughter, then 18-years-old) - app...
http://wn.com/Burl_Ives_hosts_Hollywood_Palace_4_of_5
Burl Ives hosts Hollywood Palace (4 of 5) 12/12/64 --Edgar Bergen (with Charlie McCarthy) --Candice Bergen (Edgar Bergen's daughter, then 18-years-old) - app...
- published: 08 Nov 2008
- views: 30715
- author: dentelTV2
Marie and Edgar Bergen
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:01
- Updated: 22 Mar 2013
Marie and Edgar Bergen.
http://wn.com/Marie_and_Edgar_Bergen
Gladys George, Dorothy Lamour, W.C. Fields, Ray Middleton, Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 59:47
- Updated: 01 Feb 2013
Gladys George (September 13, 1904 -- December 8, 1954) was an American actress. She was born as Gladys Clare Evans on September 13, 1904 in Patten, Maine to ...
http://wn.com/Gladys_George,_Dorothy_Lamour,_WC_Fields,_Ray_Middleton,_Edgar_Bergen_and_Charlie_McCarthy
Gladys George (September 13, 1904 -- December 8, 1954) was an American actress. She was born as Gladys Clare Evans on September 13, 1904 in Patten, Maine to ...
- published: 12 Nov 2012
- views: 624
- author: theradioarchive
Tallulah with Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:22
- Updated: 08 Jan 2013
Tallulah Bankhead is the guest on the Charlie McCarthy Radio Show from 1946. Tallulah performs as an evil Queen with Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy.
http://wn.com/Tallulah_with_Edgar_Bergen_Charlie_McCarthy
Tallulah Bankhead is the guest on the Charlie McCarthy Radio Show from 1946. Tallulah performs as an evil Queen with Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy.
- published: 01 Jul 2009
- views: 3771
- author: TallulahDahling
Sha Na Na ~With guest Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:58
- Updated: 29 Dec 2012
http://wn.com/Sha_Na_Na_~With_guest_Edgar_Bergen_and_Charlie_McCarthy
Mortimer Snerd in "You Can't Cheat an Honest Man"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:50
- Updated: 28 Apr 2013
Here's a charming introduction to the complex logic of Mortimer Snerd, from the 1939 film "You Can't Cheat an Honest Man". Also starring W.C. Field, Edgar Be...
http://wn.com/Mortimer_Snerd_in_You_Can't_Cheat_an_Honest_Man
Here's a charming introduction to the complex logic of Mortimer Snerd, from the 1939 film "You Can't Cheat an Honest Man". Also starring W.C. Field, Edgar Be...
- published: 18 Sep 2009
- views: 38378
- author: MrMortsnerd
ZaSu Pitts, Dorothy Lamour, W.C. Fields, Edgar Bergan and Charlie McCarthy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 59:44
- Updated: 09 Apr 2013
ZaSu Pitts (January 3, 1894 -- June 7, 1963) was an American actress who starred in many silent dramas and comedies, transitioning to comedy sound films. Pit...
http://wn.com/ZaSu_Pitts,_Dorothy_Lamour,_WC_Fields,_Edgar_Bergan_and_Charlie_McCarthy
ZaSu Pitts (January 3, 1894 -- June 7, 1963) was an American actress who starred in many silent dramas and comedies, transitioning to comedy sound films. Pit...
- published: 11 Nov 2012
- views: 2332
- author: theradioarchive
Wendy Barrie, Vera Vague, Dorothy Lamour, Don Ameche, Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 59:34
- Updated: 15 Nov 2012
Wendy Barrie (18 April 1912 -- 2 February 1978) was a British-born American actress who worked in British and American films. Barrie went on to make a number...
http://wn.com/Wendy_Barrie,_Vera_Vague,_Dorothy_Lamour,_Don_Ameche,_Edgar_Bergen_Charlie_McCarthy
Wendy Barrie (18 April 1912 -- 2 February 1978) was a British-born American actress who worked in British and American films. Barrie went on to make a number...
- published: 13 Nov 2012
- views: 1126
- author: theradioarchive
Joan Blondell, Dorothy Lamour, W.C. Fields, Rodgers & Hart, Edgar Bergen, Charlie McCarthy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 60:45
- Updated: 03 Jan 2013
Rose Joan Blondell (August 30, 1906 -- December 25, 1979) was an American actress who performed in movies and on television for five decades as Joan Blondell...
http://wn.com/Joan_Blondell,_Dorothy_Lamour,_WC_Fields,_Rodgers_Hart,_Edgar_Bergen,_Charlie_McCarthy
Rose Joan Blondell (August 30, 1906 -- December 25, 1979) was an American actress who performed in movies and on television for five decades as Joan Blondell...
- published: 11 Nov 2012
- views: 2487
- author: theradioarchive
Send this Playlist by SMS
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EDGAR BERGAN SHOW
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 29:19
- Updated: 06 May 2013
Ira H. Gallen Video Resources 220 West 71st Street NYC 10023 (212) 724 - 7055 http://www.TVDAYS.com http://www.vidres@aol.com http://www.TVDAYS.com As the un...
http://wn.com/EDGAR_BERGAN_SHOW
Ira H. Gallen Video Resources 220 West 71st Street NYC 10023 (212) 724 - 7055 http://www.TVDAYS.com http://www.vidres@aol.com http://www.TVDAYS.com As the un...
- published: 29 Jan 2010
- views: 8256
- author: tvdays
Jean Arthur, Rudy Vallee, Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy, Dorothy Lamour, Vera Vague
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 59:37
- Updated: 10 May 2013
Jean Arthur (October 17, 1900 -- June 19, 1991) was an American actress and a major film star of the 1930s and 1940s. James Harvey wrote in his recounting of...
http://wn.com/Jean_Arthur,_Rudy_Vallee,_Edgar_Bergen_Charlie_McCarthy,_Dorothy_Lamour,_Vera_Vague
Jean Arthur (October 17, 1900 -- June 19, 1991) was an American actress and a major film star of the 1930s and 1940s. James Harvey wrote in his recounting of...
- published: 14 Nov 2012
- views: 101902
- author: theradioarchive
Wendy Barrie, Vera Vague, Dorothy Lamour, Don Ameche, Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 59:34
- Updated: 15 Nov 2012
Wendy Barrie (18 April 1912 -- 2 February 1978) was a British-born American actress who worked in British and American films. Barrie went on to make a number...
http://wn.com/Wendy_Barrie,_Vera_Vague,_Dorothy_Lamour,_Don_Ameche,_Edgar_Bergen_Charlie_McCarthy
Wendy Barrie (18 April 1912 -- 2 February 1978) was a British-born American actress who worked in British and American films. Barrie went on to make a number...
- published: 13 Nov 2012
- views: 1126
- author: theradioarchive
Gladys George, Dorothy Lamour, W.C. Fields, Ray Middleton, Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 59:47
- Updated: 01 Feb 2013
Gladys George (September 13, 1904 -- December 8, 1954) was an American actress. She was born as Gladys Clare Evans on September 13, 1904 in Patten, Maine to ...
http://wn.com/Gladys_George,_Dorothy_Lamour,_WC_Fields,_Ray_Middleton,_Edgar_Bergen_and_Charlie_McCarthy
Gladys George (September 13, 1904 -- December 8, 1954) was an American actress. She was born as Gladys Clare Evans on September 13, 1904 in Patten, Maine to ...
- published: 12 Nov 2012
- views: 624
- author: theradioarchive
Carmen Miranda on The Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy Show (1945)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 30:01
- Updated: 04 Jan 2013
Carmen Miranda se apresenta no programa de rádio de Edgar Bergen e Charlie McCarthy em 1945.
http://wn.com/Carmen_Miranda_on_The_Edgar_Bergen_Charlie_McCarthy_Show_1945
Carmen Miranda se apresenta no programa de rádio de Edgar Bergen e Charlie McCarthy em 1945.
- published: 20 Oct 2012
- views: 106
- author: ThatAndreyisrael
EDGAR BERGAN SHOW PART 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 29:19
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Ira H. Gallen Video Resources 220 West 71st Street NYC 10023 (212) 724 - 7055 http://www.TVDAYS.com http://www.vidres@aol.com http://www.TVDAYS.com As the un...
http://wn.com/EDGAR_BERGAN_SHOW_PART_2
Ira H. Gallen Video Resources 220 West 71st Street NYC 10023 (212) 724 - 7055 http://www.TVDAYS.com http://www.vidres@aol.com http://www.TVDAYS.com As the un...
- published: 29 Jan 2010
- views: 2555
- author: tvdays
Joan Blondell, Dorothy Lamour, W.C. Fields, Rodgers & Hart, Edgar Bergen, Charlie McCarthy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 60:45
- Updated: 03 Jan 2013
Rose Joan Blondell (August 30, 1906 -- December 25, 1979) was an American actress who performed in movies and on television for five decades as Joan Blondell...
http://wn.com/Joan_Blondell,_Dorothy_Lamour,_WC_Fields,_Rodgers_Hart,_Edgar_Bergen,_Charlie_McCarthy
Rose Joan Blondell (August 30, 1906 -- December 25, 1979) was an American actress who performed in movies and on television for five decades as Joan Blondell...
- published: 11 Nov 2012
- views: 2487
- author: theradioarchive
Walt Disney On the Edger Bergen & Charlie McCarthy Radio Show, September 21, 1947
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 29:01
- Updated: 24 Dec 2012
Description by Bill Griffiths posted on the Started By A Mouse website: "The live broadcast of Sunday, September 21, 1947, was built around the premiere of F...
http://wn.com/Walt_Disney_On_the_Edger_Bergen_Charlie_McCarthy_Radio_Show,_September_21,_1947
Description by Bill Griffiths posted on the Started By A Mouse website: "The live broadcast of Sunday, September 21, 1947, was built around the premiere of F...
- published: 21 Sep 2012
- views: 769
- author: Retep Elegean
Bergen & McCarthy Fathers Day 1942
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 28:31
- Updated: 08 Oct 2012
Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy Fathers Day With Judy Garland. Original Air Date Was 06/21/1942.
http://wn.com/Bergen_McCarthy_Fathers_Day_1942
Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy Fathers Day With Judy Garland. Original Air Date Was 06/21/1942.
- published: 01 May 2012
- views: 200
- author: OTR HALLOWEENHOLIDAZE
Bergen & McCarthy: Orson Welles, Don Ameche, W.C. Fields
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 88:18
- Updated: 28 Apr 2013
George Orson Welles (May 6, 1915 -- October 10, 1985) was an American actor, director, writer and producer who worked extensively in theater, radio and film....
http://wn.com/Bergen_McCarthy_Orson_Welles,_Don_Ameche,_WC_Fields
George Orson Welles (May 6, 1915 -- October 10, 1985) was an American actor, director, writer and producer who worked extensively in theater, radio and film....
- published: 27 Nov 2012
- views: 1129
- author: theradioarchive
![Edgar Bergen Interview on The Larry Solway Show - Canadian TV - 1972 [audio only]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130511204641im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/IomCRt-K0Xc/default.jpg "Edgar Bergen Interview on The Larry Solway Show - Canadian TV - 1972 [audio only]")
Edgar Bergen Interview on The Larry Solway Show - Canadian TV - 1972 [audio only]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 24:14
- Updated: 16 Mar 2013
For fans of Edgar Bergen, here is a great find - This the best interview with Bergen I have heard, with the possible exception of his appearance on Tom Snyde...
http://wn.com/Edgar_Bergen_Interview_on_The_Larry_Solway_Show_Canadian_TV_1972_audio_only_
For fans of Edgar Bergen, here is a great find - This the best interview with Bergen I have heard, with the possible exception of his appearance on Tom Snyde...
- published: 04 Mar 2013
- views: 14
- author: puppetswhokilladmin
The Fred Allen Show - Auditions with Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 27:07
- Updated: 31 Dec 2012
Fred Allen's first taste of radio came while he and Portland Hoffa waited for a promised slot in a new Arthur Hammerstein musical. In the interim, they appea...
http://wn.com/The_Fred_Allen_Show_Auditions_with_Edgar_Bergen_and_Charlie_McCarthy
Fred Allen's first taste of radio came while he and Portland Hoffa waited for a promised slot in a new Arthur Hammerstein musical. In the interim, they appea...
- published: 14 Jun 2012
- views: 874
- author: ScreenStageAndSong
Charlie McCarthy Christmas 1955
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 55:25
- Updated: 24 Dec 2012
Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy Christmas Show 1955. Original Air Date Was 12/25/1955. At the time, Edgar and Charlie were on CBS' Sunday night schedule at 7...
http://wn.com/Charlie_McCarthy_Christmas_1955
Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy Christmas Show 1955. Original Air Date Was 12/25/1955. At the time, Edgar and Charlie were on CBS' Sunday night schedule at 7...
- published: 22 Nov 2011
- views: 862
- author: OTR HALLOWEENHOLIDAZE
Bergen & McCarthy Headless Horseman 1939
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 57:32
- Updated: 15 Dec 2012
Chase Sanborn Hour With Bergen & McCarthy Titled Headless Horseman. Original Air Date Was 10/22/1939. The original "CHASE & SANBORN HOUR" [Sundays, 8-9pm(et)...
http://wn.com/Bergen_McCarthy_Headless_Horseman_1939
Chase Sanborn Hour With Bergen & McCarthy Titled Headless Horseman. Original Air Date Was 10/22/1939. The original "CHASE & SANBORN HOUR" [Sundays, 8-9pm(et)...
- published: 24 Feb 2012
- views: 524
- author: OTR HALLOWEENHOLIDAZE
ZaSu Pitts, Dorothy Lamour, W.C. Fields, Edgar Bergan and Charlie McCarthy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 59:44
- Updated: 09 Apr 2013
ZaSu Pitts (January 3, 1894 -- June 7, 1963) was an American actress who starred in many silent dramas and comedies, transitioning to comedy sound films. Pit...
http://wn.com/ZaSu_Pitts,_Dorothy_Lamour,_WC_Fields,_Edgar_Bergan_and_Charlie_McCarthy
ZaSu Pitts (January 3, 1894 -- June 7, 1963) was an American actress who starred in many silent dramas and comedies, transitioning to comedy sound films. Pit...
- published: 11 Nov 2012
- views: 2332
- author: theradioarchive
Bergen & McCarthy: Naval Academy, Quantico Marine Base, W.C. Fields, Martha Raye, Bill Thompson
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 112:54
- Updated: 23 Mar 2013
Martha Raye (August 27, 1916 -- October 19, 1994) was an American comic actress and standards singer who performed in movies, and later on television. She wa...
http://wn.com/Bergen_McCarthy_Naval_Academy,_Quantico_Marine_Base,_WC_Fields,_Martha_Raye,_Bill_Thompson
Martha Raye (August 27, 1916 -- October 19, 1994) was an American comic actress and standards singer who performed in movies, and later on television. She wa...
- published: 27 Nov 2012
- views: 39265
- author: theradioarchive
The Muppet Show S02e07 - Edgar Bergen
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 26:29
- Updated: 08 Apr 2013
The Muppet Show is a comedy-variety television series produced by puppeteer Jim Henson and featuring the Muppets. After two pilot episodes produced in 1974 a...
http://wn.com/The_Muppet_Show_S02e07_Edgar_Bergen
The Muppet Show is a comedy-variety television series produced by puppeteer Jim Henson and featuring the Muppets. After two pilot episodes produced in 1974 a...
- published: 04 Apr 2013
- views: 98
- author: YoJo Jo
![Edgar Bergen Interview on Canadian Television [audio only] - 1972](http://web.archive.org./web/20130511204641im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/CbvfGbbgcNg/default.jpg "Edgar Bergen Interview on Canadian Television [audio only] - 1972")
Edgar Bergen Interview on Canadian Television [audio only] - 1972
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 20:49
- Updated: 22 Mar 2013
Edgar Bergen, famed radio comedian and ventriloquist and creator of Charlie McCarthy interviewed on The Tommy Banks Show for CBC television in Canada, circa ...
http://wn.com/Edgar_Bergen_Interview_on_Canadian_Television_audio_only_1972
Edgar Bergen, famed radio comedian and ventriloquist and creator of Charlie McCarthy interviewed on The Tommy Banks Show for CBC television in Canada, circa ...
- published: 18 Jan 2013
- views: 48
- author: puppetswhokilladmin
Carmen Miranda on The Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy Show (1947)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 29:36
- Updated: 20 Nov 2012
Carmen Miranda se apresenta no programa de rádio de Edgar Bergen e Charlie McCarthy em 1947.
http://wn.com/Carmen_Miranda_on_The_Edgar_Bergen_Charlie_McCarthy_Show_1947
Carmen Miranda se apresenta no programa de rádio de Edgar Bergen e Charlie McCarthy em 1947.
- published: 20 Oct 2012
- views: 88
- author: ThatAndreyisrael
Audie Murphy Attends Beverly Hilton Grand Opening 1955
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 56:09
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Audie Murphy along with his wife Pamela attend the gala grand opening of the Beverly Hilton Hotel in Beverly Hills as part of the Colgate Variety Hour. The p...
http://wn.com/Audie_Murphy_Attends_Beverly_Hilton_Grand_Opening_1955
Audie Murphy along with his wife Pamela attend the gala grand opening of the Beverly Hilton Hotel in Beverly Hills as part of the Colgate Variety Hour. The p...
- published: 14 Sep 2012
- views: 3276
- author: Audiesdaddy
Bergen & McCarthy Hour Thanksgiving 1955
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 58:45
- Updated: 07 Nov 2012
The Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy Hour Show Titled Benny's Trailer Court From Thanksgiving. Original Air Date Was 11/27/1955.
http://wn.com/Bergen_McCarthy_Hour_Thanksgiving_1955
The Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy Hour Show Titled Benny's Trailer Court From Thanksgiving. Original Air Date Was 11/27/1955.
- published: 07 Nov 2012
- views: 81
- author: OTR HALLOWEENHOLIDAZE
Chase & Sanborn Charlie McCarthy Halloween 1944
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 28:33
- Updated: 20 Feb 2013
The Chase & Sanborn Hour With Charlie McCarthy Halloween Show With Guests Orson Welles & John Robert Powers. Original Air Date Was 11/05/1944. At the time, E...
http://wn.com/Chase_Sanborn_Charlie_McCarthy_Halloween_1944
The Chase & Sanborn Hour With Charlie McCarthy Halloween Show With Guests Orson Welles & John Robert Powers. Original Air Date Was 11/05/1944. At the time, E...
- published: 16 Oct 2012
- views: 137
- author: OTR HALLOWEENHOLIDAZE
Charlie McCarthy Show Christmas 1944
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 29:53
- Updated: 04 Feb 2013
Charlie McCarthy Show Titled The Night Before Christmas. Original Air Date Was 12/24/1944. This is the "Armed Forces Radio Service" version of the program, m...
http://wn.com/Charlie_McCarthy_Show_Christmas_1944
Charlie McCarthy Show Titled The Night Before Christmas. Original Air Date Was 12/24/1944. This is the "Armed Forces Radio Service" version of the program, m...
- published: 01 Dec 2011
- views: 1021
- author: OTR HALLOWEENHOLIDAZE
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Edgar Bergen
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:57
- Updated: 26 Apr 2013
This show was recorded near the end of Edgar Bergen's life. He was the grand master. Anyone that does vent today was influenced by someone that was influence...
http://wn.com/Edgar_Bergen
This show was recorded near the end of Edgar Bergen's life. He was the grand master. Anyone that does vent today was influenced by someone that was influence...
- published: 07 Sep 2011
- views: 12203
- author: ron spears
Muppet Show S2 E7 P1 - Edgar Bergen
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:54
- Updated: 28 Apr 2013
Edgar Bergen Hosts The Muppet Show Season 2 Episode 7.
http://wn.com/Muppet_Show_S2_E7_P1_Edgar_Bergen
Edgar Bergen Hosts The Muppet Show Season 2 Episode 7.
- published: 23 Aug 2007
- views: 130904
- author: DrJuliusStrangepork
EDGAR BERGAN SHOW
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 29:19
- Updated: 06 May 2013
Ira H. Gallen Video Resources 220 West 71st Street NYC 10023 (212) 724 - 7055 http://www.TVDAYS.com http://www.vidres@aol.com http://www.TVDAYS.com As the un...
http://wn.com/EDGAR_BERGAN_SHOW
Ira H. Gallen Video Resources 220 West 71st Street NYC 10023 (212) 724 - 7055 http://www.TVDAYS.com http://www.vidres@aol.com http://www.TVDAYS.com As the un...
- published: 29 Jan 2010
- views: 8256
- author: tvdays
Edgar Bergen--What's My Line
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:41
- Updated: 06 May 2013
Edgar Bergen as mystery guest on the 26 December 1954 episode of WML?
http://wn.com/Edgar_Bergen--What's_My_Line
Edgar Bergen as mystery guest on the 26 December 1954 episode of WML?
- published: 05 Jul 2008
- views: 73027
- author: crepehanger47
Jean Arthur, Rudy Vallee, Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy, Dorothy Lamour, Vera Vague
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 59:37
- Updated: 10 May 2013
Jean Arthur (October 17, 1900 -- June 19, 1991) was an American actress and a major film star of the 1930s and 1940s. James Harvey wrote in his recounting of...
http://wn.com/Jean_Arthur,_Rudy_Vallee,_Edgar_Bergen_Charlie_McCarthy,_Dorothy_Lamour,_Vera_Vague
Jean Arthur (October 17, 1900 -- June 19, 1991) was an American actress and a major film star of the 1930s and 1940s. James Harvey wrote in his recounting of...
- published: 14 Nov 2012
- views: 101902
- author: theradioarchive
Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy witness the Creation of Mortimer Snerd
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:29
- Updated: 16 Apr 2013
Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy show the creation of Mortimer Snerd's ventriloquist figure.
http://wn.com/Edgar_Bergen_Charlie_McCarthy_witness_the_Creation_of_Mortimer_Snerd
Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy show the creation of Mortimer Snerd's ventriloquist figure.
- published: 25 Sep 2011
- views: 9001
- author: William Forsche
Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy:The eyes have it
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:54
- Updated: 05 May 2013
An early Vitaphone performance of Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy. This show has the typical Bergen&McCarthy; brand of humor, and resembles Edgar's later ra...
http://wn.com/Edgar_Bergen_Charlie_McCarthyThe_eyes_have_it
An early Vitaphone performance of Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy. This show has the typical Bergen&McCarthy; brand of humor, and resembles Edgar's later ra...
- published: 27 Jan 2008
- views: 58775
- author: zelto238
Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy at the Orson Welles AFI Life Achievement Award
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:33
- Updated: 06 May 2013
Comedian and radio performer Edgar Bergen performs his classic ventriloquism act with "Charlie McCarthy" at the 1975 AFI Tribute to Orson Welles. In this cli...
http://wn.com/Edgar_Bergen_and_Charlie_McCarthy_at_the_Orson_Welles_AFI_Life_Achievement_Award
Comedian and radio performer Edgar Bergen performs his classic ventriloquism act with "Charlie McCarthy" at the 1975 AFI Tribute to Orson Welles. In this cli...
- published: 12 Sep 2011
- views: 8604
- author: afi
What's my Line? Edgar Bergen & Candice Bergen
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:54
- Updated: 21 Apr 2013
What's my Line? Edgar Bergen & Candice Bergen.
http://wn.com/What's_my_Line?_Edgar_Bergen_Candice_Bergen
What's my Line? Edgar Bergen & Candice Bergen.
- published: 20 Aug 2010
- views: 24367
- author: NorbertR33
Edgar Bergen Interview on The Larry Solway Show - Canadian TV - 1972 [audio only]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 24:14
- Updated: 16 Mar 2013
For fans of Edgar Bergen, here is a great find - This the best interview with Bergen I have heard, with the possible exception of his appearance on Tom Snyde...
http://wn.com/Edgar_Bergen_Interview_on_The_Larry_Solway_Show_Canadian_TV_1972_audio_only_
For fans of Edgar Bergen, here is a great find - This the best interview with Bergen I have heard, with the possible exception of his appearance on Tom Snyde...
- published: 04 Mar 2013
- views: 14
- author: puppetswhokilladmin
Edgar Bergen Interview on Canadian Television [audio only] - 1972
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 20:49
- Updated: 22 Mar 2013
Edgar Bergen, famed radio comedian and ventriloquist and creator of Charlie McCarthy interviewed on The Tommy Banks Show for CBC television in Canada, circa ...
http://wn.com/Edgar_Bergen_Interview_on_Canadian_Television_audio_only_1972
Edgar Bergen, famed radio comedian and ventriloquist and creator of Charlie McCarthy interviewed on The Tommy Banks Show for CBC television in Canada, circa ...
- published: 18 Jan 2013
- views: 48
- author: puppetswhokilladmin
Charlie McCarthy & Edgar Bergen in 'Nut Guilty' (1936)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:42
- Updated: 13 Apr 2013
This short film stars Edgar Bergen and his young pal, Charlie McCarthy, the hugely popular radio duo. Bergen plays a judge, and McCarthy is a young boy on a ...
http://wn.com/Charlie_McCarthy_Edgar_Bergen_in_'Nut_Guilty'_1936
This short film stars Edgar Bergen and his young pal, Charlie McCarthy, the hugely popular radio duo. Bergen plays a judge, and McCarthy is a young boy on a ...
- published: 02 Jun 2011
- views: 10519
- author: Dan North
Dean Martin, Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:53
- Updated: 30 Apr 2013
http://wn.com/Dean_Martin,_Edgar_Bergen_Charlie_McCarthy
Audie Murphy Attends Beverly Hilton Grand Opening 1955
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 56:09
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Audie Murphy along with his wife Pamela attend the gala grand opening of the Beverly Hilton Hotel in Beverly Hills as part of the Colgate Variety Hour. The p...
http://wn.com/Audie_Murphy_Attends_Beverly_Hilton_Grand_Opening_1955
Audie Murphy along with his wife Pamela attend the gala grand opening of the Beverly Hilton Hotel in Beverly Hills as part of the Colgate Variety Hour. The p...
- published: 14 Sep 2012
- views: 3276
- author: Audiesdaddy
Africa Speaks Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy 1933
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:31
- Updated: 08 Feb 2013
http://wn.com/Africa_Speaks_Edgar_Bergen_Charlie_McCarthy_1933
Wendy Barrie, Vera Vague, Dorothy Lamour, Don Ameche, Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 59:34
- Updated: 15 Nov 2012
Wendy Barrie (18 April 1912 -- 2 February 1978) was a British-born American actress who worked in British and American films. Barrie went on to make a number...
http://wn.com/Wendy_Barrie,_Vera_Vague,_Dorothy_Lamour,_Don_Ameche,_Edgar_Bergen_Charlie_McCarthy
Wendy Barrie (18 April 1912 -- 2 February 1978) was a British-born American actress who worked in British and American films. Barrie went on to make a number...
- published: 13 Nov 2012
- views: 1126
- author: theradioarchive
Jimmy Stewart with Edgar Bergen and Moritmer Snerd
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:47
- Updated: 16 Jan 2013
"Zeke" Stewart mixes it up with Mortimer Snerd.
http://wn.com/Jimmy_Stewart_with_Edgar_Bergen_and_Moritmer_Snerd
"Zeke" Stewart mixes it up with Mortimer Snerd.
- published: 25 Apr 2012
- views: 242
- author: beatlechas29
Tallulah with Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:22
- Updated: 08 Jan 2013
Tallulah Bankhead is the guest on the Charlie McCarthy Radio Show from 1946. Tallulah performs as an evil Queen with Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy.
http://wn.com/Tallulah_with_Edgar_Bergen_Charlie_McCarthy
Tallulah Bankhead is the guest on the Charlie McCarthy Radio Show from 1946. Tallulah performs as an evil Queen with Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy.
- published: 01 Jul 2009
- views: 3771
- author: TallulahDahling
Gladys George, Dorothy Lamour, W.C. Fields, Ray Middleton, Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 59:47
- Updated: 01 Feb 2013
Gladys George (September 13, 1904 -- December 8, 1954) was an American actress. She was born as Gladys Clare Evans on September 13, 1904 in Patten, Maine to ...
http://wn.com/Gladys_George,_Dorothy_Lamour,_WC_Fields,_Ray_Middleton,_Edgar_Bergen_and_Charlie_McCarthy
Gladys George (September 13, 1904 -- December 8, 1954) was an American actress. She was born as Gladys Clare Evans on September 13, 1904 in Patten, Maine to ...
- published: 12 Nov 2012
- views: 624
- author: theradioarchive
Muppet Show S2 E7 P2 - Edgar Bergen
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:40
- Updated: 28 Apr 2013
Eggar Bergen Hosts The Muppet Show Season 2 Episode 7.
http://wn.com/Muppet_Show_S2_E7_P2_Edgar_Bergen
Eggar Bergen Hosts The Muppet Show Season 2 Episode 7.
- published: 23 Aug 2007
- views: 57364
- author: DrJuliusStrangepork
marilyn monroe - Edgar Bergen-Charli Mccarthy radio show 1952
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:10
- Updated: 29 Jan 2013
Audio with publicity photos from the event! For more rare Marilyn Footage and Audio http://www.youtube.com/user/sgtg77. My original upload date for this Nov ...
http://wn.com/marilyn_monroe_Edgar_Bergen-Charli_Mccarthy_radio_show_1952
Audio with publicity photos from the event! For more rare Marilyn Footage and Audio http://www.youtube.com/user/sgtg77. My original upload date for this Nov ...
- published: 13 Jan 2013
- views: 345
- author: 77marked
Edgar Bergen
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:06
- Updated: 17 Apr 2013
Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy in "At the Races" (1934)
http://wn.com/Edgar_Bergen
Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy in "At the Races" (1934)
- published: 30 May 2007
- views: 27363
- author: feldspar1933
Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy - Charlie Meets Bette Davis
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:27
- Updated: 28 Oct 2012
Edgar John Bergen (February 16, 1903 -- September 30, 1978) was an American actor and radio performer, best known as a ventriloquist. His first performances ...
http://wn.com/Edgar_Bergen_Charlie_McCarthy_Charlie_Meets_Bette_Davis
Edgar John Bergen (February 16, 1903 -- September 30, 1978) was an American actor and radio performer, best known as a ventriloquist. His first performances ...
- published: 28 Oct 2012
- views: 42
- author: TonightOnTheRadio
29:19
EDGAR BERGAN SHOW
Ira H. Gallen Video Resources 220 West 71st Street NYC 10023 (212) 724 - 7055 http://www.T...
published: 29 Jan 2010
author: tvdays
EDGAR BERGAN SHOW
Ira H. Gallen Video Resources 220 West 71st Street NYC 10023 (212) 724 - 7055 http://www.TVDAYS.com http://www.vidres@aol.com http://www.TVDAYS.com As the un...
- published: 29 Jan 2010
- views: 8256
- author: tvdays
59:37
Jean Arthur, Rudy Vallee, Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy, Dorothy Lamour, Vera Vague
Jean Arthur (October 17, 1900 -- June 19, 1991) was an American actress and a major film s...
published: 14 Nov 2012
author: theradioarchive
Jean Arthur, Rudy Vallee, Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy, Dorothy Lamour, Vera Vague
Jean Arthur (October 17, 1900 -- June 19, 1991) was an American actress and a major film star of the 1930s and 1940s. James Harvey wrote in his recounting of...
- published: 14 Nov 2012
- views: 101902
- author: theradioarchive
59:34
Wendy Barrie, Vera Vague, Dorothy Lamour, Don Ameche, Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy
Wendy Barrie (18 April 1912 -- 2 February 1978) was a British-born American actress who wo...
published: 13 Nov 2012
author: theradioarchive
Wendy Barrie, Vera Vague, Dorothy Lamour, Don Ameche, Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy
Wendy Barrie (18 April 1912 -- 2 February 1978) was a British-born American actress who worked in British and American films. Barrie went on to make a number...
- published: 13 Nov 2012
- views: 1126
- author: theradioarchive
59:47
Gladys George, Dorothy Lamour, W.C. Fields, Ray Middleton, Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy
Gladys George (September 13, 1904 -- December 8, 1954) was an American actress. She was bo...
published: 12 Nov 2012
author: theradioarchive
Gladys George, Dorothy Lamour, W.C. Fields, Ray Middleton, Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy
Gladys George (September 13, 1904 -- December 8, 1954) was an American actress. She was born as Gladys Clare Evans on September 13, 1904 in Patten, Maine to ...
- published: 12 Nov 2012
- views: 624
- author: theradioarchive
30:01
Carmen Miranda on The Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy Show (1945)
Carmen Miranda se apresenta no programa de rádio de Edgar Bergen e Charlie McCarthy em 194...
published: 20 Oct 2012
author: ThatAndreyisrael
Carmen Miranda on The Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy Show (1945)
Carmen Miranda se apresenta no programa de rádio de Edgar Bergen e Charlie McCarthy em 1945.
- published: 20 Oct 2012
- views: 106
- author: ThatAndreyisrael
29:19
EDGAR BERGAN SHOW PART 2
Ira H. Gallen Video Resources 220 West 71st Street NYC 10023 (212) 724 - 7055 http://www.T...
published: 29 Jan 2010
author: tvdays
EDGAR BERGAN SHOW PART 2
Ira H. Gallen Video Resources 220 West 71st Street NYC 10023 (212) 724 - 7055 http://www.TVDAYS.com http://www.vidres@aol.com http://www.TVDAYS.com As the un...
- published: 29 Jan 2010
- views: 2555
- author: tvdays
60:45
Joan Blondell, Dorothy Lamour, W.C. Fields, Rodgers & Hart, Edgar Bergen, Charlie McCarthy
Rose Joan Blondell (August 30, 1906 -- December 25, 1979) was an American actress who perf...
published: 11 Nov 2012
author: theradioarchive
Joan Blondell, Dorothy Lamour, W.C. Fields, Rodgers & Hart, Edgar Bergen, Charlie McCarthy
Rose Joan Blondell (August 30, 1906 -- December 25, 1979) was an American actress who performed in movies and on television for five decades as Joan Blondell...
- published: 11 Nov 2012
- views: 2487
- author: theradioarchive
29:01
Walt Disney On the Edger Bergen & Charlie McCarthy Radio Show, September 21, 1947
Description by Bill Griffiths posted on the Started By A Mouse website: "The live broadcas...
published: 21 Sep 2012
author: Retep Elegean
Walt Disney On the Edger Bergen & Charlie McCarthy Radio Show, September 21, 1947
Description by Bill Griffiths posted on the Started By A Mouse website: "The live broadcast of Sunday, September 21, 1947, was built around the premiere of F...
- published: 21 Sep 2012
- views: 769
- author: Retep Elegean
28:31
Bergen & McCarthy Fathers Day 1942
Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy Fathers Day With Judy Garland. Original Air Date Was 06/21...
published: 01 May 2012
author: OTR HALLOWEENHOLIDAZE
Bergen & McCarthy Fathers Day 1942
Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy Fathers Day With Judy Garland. Original Air Date Was 06/21/1942.
- published: 01 May 2012
- views: 200
- author: OTR HALLOWEENHOLIDAZE
88:18
Bergen & McCarthy: Orson Welles, Don Ameche, W.C. Fields
George Orson Welles (May 6, 1915 -- October 10, 1985) was an American actor, director, wri...
published: 27 Nov 2012
author: theradioarchive
Bergen & McCarthy: Orson Welles, Don Ameche, W.C. Fields
George Orson Welles (May 6, 1915 -- October 10, 1985) was an American actor, director, writer and producer who worked extensively in theater, radio and film....
- published: 27 Nov 2012
- views: 1129
- author: theradioarchive
24:14
Edgar Bergen Interview on The Larry Solway Show - Canadian TV - 1972 [audio only]
For fans of Edgar Bergen, here is a great find - This the best interview with Bergen I hav...
published: 04 Mar 2013
author: puppetswhokilladmin
Edgar Bergen Interview on The Larry Solway Show - Canadian TV - 1972 [audio only]
For fans of Edgar Bergen, here is a great find - This the best interview with Bergen I have heard, with the possible exception of his appearance on Tom Snyde...
- published: 04 Mar 2013
- views: 14
- author: puppetswhokilladmin
27:07
The Fred Allen Show - Auditions with Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy
Fred Allen's first taste of radio came while he and Portland Hoffa waited for a promised s...
published: 14 Jun 2012
author: ScreenStageAndSong
The Fred Allen Show - Auditions with Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy
Fred Allen's first taste of radio came while he and Portland Hoffa waited for a promised slot in a new Arthur Hammerstein musical. In the interim, they appea...
- published: 14 Jun 2012
- views: 874
- author: ScreenStageAndSong
55:25
Charlie McCarthy Christmas 1955
Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy Christmas Show 1955. Original Air Date Was 12/25/1955. At ...
published: 22 Nov 2011
author: OTR HALLOWEENHOLIDAZE
Charlie McCarthy Christmas 1955
Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy Christmas Show 1955. Original Air Date Was 12/25/1955. At the time, Edgar and Charlie were on CBS' Sunday night schedule at 7...
- published: 22 Nov 2011
- views: 862
- author: OTR HALLOWEENHOLIDAZE
57:32
Bergen & McCarthy Headless Horseman 1939
Chase Sanborn Hour With Bergen & McCarthy Titled Headless Horseman. Original Air Date Was ...
published: 24 Feb 2012
author: OTR HALLOWEENHOLIDAZE
Bergen & McCarthy Headless Horseman 1939
Chase Sanborn Hour With Bergen & McCarthy Titled Headless Horseman. Original Air Date Was 10/22/1939. The original "CHASE & SANBORN HOUR" [Sundays, 8-9pm(et)...
- published: 24 Feb 2012
- views: 524
- author: OTR HALLOWEENHOLIDAZE
Vimeo results:
2:40
Grumpy Charlie and Pro Model Mia Torres
Grumpy Charlie the FOUL Mouthed DUMMY Talks with Pro Model Mia Torres about her secret cru...
published: 11 Sep 2010
author: Timmy T
Grumpy Charlie and Pro Model Mia Torres
Grumpy Charlie the FOUL Mouthed DUMMY Talks with Pro Model Mia Torres about her secret crush on Clu Gulager veteran actor.
2:17
BSIDES 1 version
BSIDES is a dance concert performance in which the act of singing by doubling itself, unfo...
published: 05 Mar 2012
author: Diego Gil
BSIDES 1 version
BSIDES is a dance concert performance in which the act of singing by doubling itself, unfolds different modes of expression: from the singular to the plural, from the internal to the external and from the private to the public.
The piece is constructed in different modules that can be presented in all types of combinations, always forming one single piece for the audience.
The first module is made with Rob List and it is choreographed out of the impulse of an Edgar Allan Poe poem recitation.
The second module is made with two different group of performers finishing their dance education and it is choreographed following the culture of You Tube lip syncing.
The two different group of performers are:
VERSION 1
A duet with Antonio Onio and Michele Rizzo (ex students from SNDO-School for New Dance Development of Amsterdam) lip syncing songs from Of Montreal, Lady Gaga and War Paint, among others.
VERSION 2
A quartet with John Sinclair, Iris de Hertogh, Victor Perez Armero and Noriko Nishidale (current students from SEAD- Salzburg Experimental Academy of Dance), lip syncing songs from Vampire Weekend, James Blake, Rye Rye, and many others.
concept: Diego Gil in collaboration with Igor Dobricic
dramaturgy: Igor Dobricic
music: Tian Rotteveel
light: Pablo Fontdevila
Supported by Het Veem Theatre, Prins Bernard Fonds, APAP/Tanzfabrik, Szene Salzburg and Stichting Abstracta.
2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 November 20:30 Hetveem theater www.hetveemtheater.nl
15 January Szene Salzburg Festival www.szene-salzburg.net
16 and 17 March B.I.T. Teater Garasjen, Bergen. www.bit-teatergarasjen.no
13, 14 and 15 April Tanz Hoch Zwei Festival Tanzfabrik, Berlin
2:06
BSIDES 2 version
BSIDES is a dance concert performance in which the act of singing by doubling itself, unfo...
published: 07 Mar 2012
author: Diego Gil
BSIDES 2 version
BSIDES is a dance concert performance in which the act of singing by doubling itself, unfolds different modes of expression: from the singular to the plural, from the internal to the external and from the private to the public.
The piece is constructed in different modules that can be presented in all types of combinations, always forming one single piece for the audience.
The first module is made with Rob List and it is choreographed out of the impulse of an Edgar Allan Poe poem recitation.
The second module is made with two different group of performers finishing their dance education and it is choreographed following the culture of You Tube lip syncing.
The two different group of performers are:
VERSION 1
A duet with Antonio Onio and Michele Rizzo (ex students from SNDO-School for New Dance Development of Amsterdam) lip syncing songs from Of Montreal, Lady Gaga and War Paint, among others.
VERSION 2
A quartet with John Sinclair, Iris de Hertogh, Victor Perez Armero and Noriko Nishidale (current students from SEAD- Salzburg Experimental Academy of Dance), lip syncing songs from Vampire Weekend, James Blake, Rye Rye, and many others.
concept: Diego Gil in collaboration with Igor Dobricic
dramaturgy: Igor Dobricic
music: Tian Rotteveel
light: Pablo Fontdevila
Supported by Het Veem Theater, Prins Bernard Fonds, APAP/Tanzfabrik-Berlin, Szene Salzburg, SEAD and Stichting Abstracta.
2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 November 20:30 Hetveem theater www.hetveemtheater.nl
15 January Szene Salzburg Festival www.szene-salzburg.net
16 and 17 March B.I.T. Teater Garasjen, Bergen. www.bit-teatergarasjen.no
13, 14 and 15 April Tanz Hoch Zwei Festival Tanzfabrik, Berlin
Youtube results:
59:44
ZaSu Pitts, Dorothy Lamour, W.C. Fields, Edgar Bergan and Charlie McCarthy
ZaSu Pitts (January 3, 1894 -- June 7, 1963) was an American actress who starred in many s...
published: 11 Nov 2012
author: theradioarchive
ZaSu Pitts, Dorothy Lamour, W.C. Fields, Edgar Bergan and Charlie McCarthy
ZaSu Pitts (January 3, 1894 -- June 7, 1963) was an American actress who starred in many silent dramas and comedies, transitioning to comedy sound films. Pit...
- published: 11 Nov 2012
- views: 2332
- author: theradioarchive
112:54
Bergen & McCarthy: Naval Academy, Quantico Marine Base, W.C. Fields, Martha Raye, Bill Thompson
Martha Raye (August 27, 1916 -- October 19, 1994) was an American comic actress and standa...
published: 27 Nov 2012
author: theradioarchive
Bergen & McCarthy: Naval Academy, Quantico Marine Base, W.C. Fields, Martha Raye, Bill Thompson
Martha Raye (August 27, 1916 -- October 19, 1994) was an American comic actress and standards singer who performed in movies, and later on television. She wa...
- published: 27 Nov 2012
- views: 39265
- author: theradioarchive
26:29
The Muppet Show S02e07 - Edgar Bergen
The Muppet Show is a comedy-variety television series produced by puppeteer Jim Henson and...
published: 04 Apr 2013
author: YoJo Jo
The Muppet Show S02e07 - Edgar Bergen
The Muppet Show is a comedy-variety television series produced by puppeteer Jim Henson and featuring the Muppets. After two pilot episodes produced in 1974 a...
- published: 04 Apr 2013
- views: 98
- author: YoJo Jo
20:49
Edgar Bergen Interview on Canadian Television [audio only] - 1972
Edgar Bergen, famed radio comedian and ventriloquist and creator of Charlie McCarthy inter...
published: 18 Jan 2013
author: puppetswhokilladmin
Edgar Bergen Interview on Canadian Television [audio only] - 1972
Edgar Bergen, famed radio comedian and ventriloquist and creator of Charlie McCarthy interviewed on The Tommy Banks Show for CBC television in Canada, circa ...
- published: 18 Jan 2013
- views: 48
- author: puppetswhokilladmin
13:57
Edgar Bergen
This show was recorded near the end of Edgar Bergen's life. He was the grand master. Anyon...
published: 07 Sep 2011
author: ron spears
Edgar Bergen
This show was recorded near the end of Edgar Bergen's life. He was the grand master. Anyone that does vent today was influenced by someone that was influence...
- published: 07 Sep 2011
- views: 12203
- author: ron spears
9:54
Muppet Show S2 E7 P1 - Edgar Bergen
Edgar Bergen Hosts The Muppet Show Season 2 Episode 7....
published: 23 Aug 2007
author: DrJuliusStrangepork
Muppet Show S2 E7 P1 - Edgar Bergen
Edgar Bergen Hosts The Muppet Show Season 2 Episode 7.
- published: 23 Aug 2007
- views: 130904
- author: DrJuliusStrangepork
29:19
EDGAR BERGAN SHOW
Ira H. Gallen Video Resources 220 West 71st Street NYC 10023 (212) 724 - 7055 http://www.T...
published: 29 Jan 2010
author: tvdays
EDGAR BERGAN SHOW
Ira H. Gallen Video Resources 220 West 71st Street NYC 10023 (212) 724 - 7055 http://www.TVDAYS.com http://www.vidres@aol.com http://www.TVDAYS.com As the un...
- published: 29 Jan 2010
- views: 8256
- author: tvdays
5:41
Edgar Bergen--What's My Line
Edgar Bergen as mystery guest on the 26 December 1954 episode of WML?...
published: 05 Jul 2008
author: crepehanger47
Edgar Bergen--What's My Line
Edgar Bergen as mystery guest on the 26 December 1954 episode of WML?
- published: 05 Jul 2008
- views: 73027
- author: crepehanger47
59:37
Jean Arthur, Rudy Vallee, Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy, Dorothy Lamour, Vera Vague
Jean Arthur (October 17, 1900 -- June 19, 1991) was an American actress and a major film s...
published: 14 Nov 2012
author: theradioarchive
Jean Arthur, Rudy Vallee, Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy, Dorothy Lamour, Vera Vague
Jean Arthur (October 17, 1900 -- June 19, 1991) was an American actress and a major film star of the 1930s and 1940s. James Harvey wrote in his recounting of...
- published: 14 Nov 2012
- views: 101902
- author: theradioarchive
5:29
Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy witness the Creation of Mortimer Snerd
Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy show the creation of Mortimer Snerd's ventriloquist figure...
published: 25 Sep 2011
author: William Forsche
Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy witness the Creation of Mortimer Snerd
Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy show the creation of Mortimer Snerd's ventriloquist figure.
- published: 25 Sep 2011
- views: 9001
- author: William Forsche
9:54
Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy:The eyes have it
An early Vitaphone performance of Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy. This show has the typ...
published: 27 Jan 2008
author: zelto238
Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy:The eyes have it
An early Vitaphone performance of Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy. This show has the typical Bergen&McCarthy; brand of humor, and resembles Edgar's later ra...
- published: 27 Jan 2008
- views: 58775
- author: zelto238
3:33
Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy at the Orson Welles AFI Life Achievement Award
Comedian and radio performer Edgar Bergen performs his classic ventriloquism act with "Cha...
published: 12 Sep 2011
author: afi
Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy at the Orson Welles AFI Life Achievement Award
Comedian and radio performer Edgar Bergen performs his classic ventriloquism act with "Charlie McCarthy" at the 1975 AFI Tribute to Orson Welles. In this cli...
- published: 12 Sep 2011
- views: 8604
- author: afi
5:54
What's my Line? Edgar Bergen & Candice Bergen
What's my Line? Edgar Bergen & Candice Bergen....
published: 20 Aug 2010
author: NorbertR33
What's my Line? Edgar Bergen & Candice Bergen
What's my Line? Edgar Bergen & Candice Bergen.
- published: 20 Aug 2010
- views: 24367
- author: NorbertR33
24:14
Edgar Bergen Interview on The Larry Solway Show - Canadian TV - 1972 [audio only]
For fans of Edgar Bergen, here is a great find - This the best interview with Bergen I hav...
published: 04 Mar 2013
author: puppetswhokilladmin
Edgar Bergen Interview on The Larry Solway Show - Canadian TV - 1972 [audio only]
For fans of Edgar Bergen, here is a great find - This the best interview with Bergen I have heard, with the possible exception of his appearance on Tom Snyde...
- published: 04 Mar 2013
- views: 14
- author: puppetswhokilladmin
20:49
Edgar Bergen Interview on Canadian Television [audio only] - 1972
Edgar Bergen, famed radio comedian and ventriloquist and creator of Charlie McCarthy inter...
published: 18 Jan 2013
author: puppetswhokilladmin
Edgar Bergen Interview on Canadian Television [audio only] - 1972
Edgar Bergen, famed radio comedian and ventriloquist and creator of Charlie McCarthy interviewed on The Tommy Banks Show for CBC television in Canada, circa ...
- published: 18 Jan 2013
- views: 48
- author: puppetswhokilladmin
10:42
Charlie McCarthy & Edgar Bergen in 'Nut Guilty' (1936)
This short film stars Edgar Bergen and his young pal, Charlie McCarthy, the hugely popular...
published: 02 Jun 2011
author: Dan North
Charlie McCarthy & Edgar Bergen in 'Nut Guilty' (1936)
This short film stars Edgar Bergen and his young pal, Charlie McCarthy, the hugely popular radio duo. Bergen plays a judge, and McCarthy is a young boy on a ...
- published: 02 Jun 2011
- views: 10519
- author: Dan North
2:53
Dean Martin, Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy
...
published: 29 Oct 2012
author: MrsCrocetti
Dean Martin, Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy
- published: 29 Oct 2012
- views: 1230
- author: MrsCrocetti
56:09
Audie Murphy Attends Beverly Hilton Grand Opening 1955
Audie Murphy along with his wife Pamela attend the gala grand opening of the Beverly Hilto...
published: 14 Sep 2012
author: Audiesdaddy
Audie Murphy Attends Beverly Hilton Grand Opening 1955
Audie Murphy along with his wife Pamela attend the gala grand opening of the Beverly Hilton Hotel in Beverly Hills as part of the Colgate Variety Hour. The p...
- published: 14 Sep 2012
- views: 3276
- author: Audiesdaddy
Vimeo results:
2:40
Grumpy Charlie and Pro Model Mia Torres
Grumpy Charlie the FOUL Mouthed DUMMY Talks with Pro Model Mia Torres about her secret cru...
published: 11 Sep 2010
author: Timmy T
Grumpy Charlie and Pro Model Mia Torres
Grumpy Charlie the FOUL Mouthed DUMMY Talks with Pro Model Mia Torres about her secret crush on Clu Gulager veteran actor.
2:17
BSIDES 1 version
BSIDES is a dance concert performance in which the act of singing by doubling itself, unfo...
published: 05 Mar 2012
author: Diego Gil
BSIDES 1 version
BSIDES is a dance concert performance in which the act of singing by doubling itself, unfolds different modes of expression: from the singular to the plural, from the internal to the external and from the private to the public.
The piece is constructed in different modules that can be presented in all types of combinations, always forming one single piece for the audience.
The first module is made with Rob List and it is choreographed out of the impulse of an Edgar Allan Poe poem recitation.
The second module is made with two different group of performers finishing their dance education and it is choreographed following the culture of You Tube lip syncing.
The two different group of performers are:
VERSION 1
A duet with Antonio Onio and Michele Rizzo (ex students from SNDO-School for New Dance Development of Amsterdam) lip syncing songs from Of Montreal, Lady Gaga and War Paint, among others.
VERSION 2
A quartet with John Sinclair, Iris de Hertogh, Victor Perez Armero and Noriko Nishidale (current students from SEAD- Salzburg Experimental Academy of Dance), lip syncing songs from Vampire Weekend, James Blake, Rye Rye, and many others.
concept: Diego Gil in collaboration with Igor Dobricic
dramaturgy: Igor Dobricic
music: Tian Rotteveel
light: Pablo Fontdevila
Supported by Het Veem Theatre, Prins Bernard Fonds, APAP/Tanzfabrik, Szene Salzburg and Stichting Abstracta.
2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 November 20:30 Hetveem theater www.hetveemtheater.nl
15 January Szene Salzburg Festival www.szene-salzburg.net
16 and 17 March B.I.T. Teater Garasjen, Bergen. www.bit-teatergarasjen.no
13, 14 and 15 April Tanz Hoch Zwei Festival Tanzfabrik, Berlin
2:06
BSIDES 2 version
BSIDES is a dance concert performance in which the act of singing by doubling itself, unfo...
published: 07 Mar 2012
author: Diego Gil
BSIDES 2 version
BSIDES is a dance concert performance in which the act of singing by doubling itself, unfolds different modes of expression: from the singular to the plural, from the internal to the external and from the private to the public.
The piece is constructed in different modules that can be presented in all types of combinations, always forming one single piece for the audience.
The first module is made with Rob List and it is choreographed out of the impulse of an Edgar Allan Poe poem recitation.
The second module is made with two different group of performers finishing their dance education and it is choreographed following the culture of You Tube lip syncing.
The two different group of performers are:
VERSION 1
A duet with Antonio Onio and Michele Rizzo (ex students from SNDO-School for New Dance Development of Amsterdam) lip syncing songs from Of Montreal, Lady Gaga and War Paint, among others.
VERSION 2
A quartet with John Sinclair, Iris de Hertogh, Victor Perez Armero and Noriko Nishidale (current students from SEAD- Salzburg Experimental Academy of Dance), lip syncing songs from Vampire Weekend, James Blake, Rye Rye, and many others.
concept: Diego Gil in collaboration with Igor Dobricic
dramaturgy: Igor Dobricic
music: Tian Rotteveel
light: Pablo Fontdevila
Supported by Het Veem Theater, Prins Bernard Fonds, APAP/Tanzfabrik-Berlin, Szene Salzburg, SEAD and Stichting Abstracta.
2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 November 20:30 Hetveem theater www.hetveemtheater.nl
15 January Szene Salzburg Festival www.szene-salzburg.net
16 and 17 March B.I.T. Teater Garasjen, Bergen. www.bit-teatergarasjen.no
13, 14 and 15 April Tanz Hoch Zwei Festival Tanzfabrik, Berlin
Youtube results:
10:31
Africa Speaks Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy 1933
...
published: 08 Sep 2012
author: Eldon Stuhr
Africa Speaks Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy 1933
- published: 08 Sep 2012
- views: 380
- author: Eldon Stuhr
59:34
Wendy Barrie, Vera Vague, Dorothy Lamour, Don Ameche, Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy
Wendy Barrie (18 April 1912 -- 2 February 1978) was a British-born American actress who wo...
published: 13 Nov 2012
author: theradioarchive
Wendy Barrie, Vera Vague, Dorothy Lamour, Don Ameche, Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy
Wendy Barrie (18 April 1912 -- 2 February 1978) was a British-born American actress who worked in British and American films. Barrie went on to make a number...
- published: 13 Nov 2012
- views: 1126
- author: theradioarchive
3:47
Jimmy Stewart with Edgar Bergen and Moritmer Snerd
"Zeke" Stewart mixes it up with Mortimer Snerd....
published: 25 Apr 2012
author: beatlechas29
Jimmy Stewart with Edgar Bergen and Moritmer Snerd
"Zeke" Stewart mixes it up with Mortimer Snerd.
- published: 25 Apr 2012
- views: 242
- author: beatlechas29
10:22
Tallulah with Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy
Tallulah Bankhead is the guest on the Charlie McCarthy Radio Show from 1946. Tallulah perf...
published: 01 Jul 2009
author: TallulahDahling
Tallulah with Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy
Tallulah Bankhead is the guest on the Charlie McCarthy Radio Show from 1946. Tallulah performs as an evil Queen with Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy.
- published: 01 Jul 2009
- views: 3771
- author: TallulahDahling
photo: WN / Janice Sabnal
10 May 2013
The sophistication of a global network of thieves who drained cash machines around the globe of an astonishing $45 million in mere hours sent ripples through the security world, not merely for the size of the operation and ease with which it was carried out, but also for the threat that more such thefts may be in store ... Law enforcement agencies from more than a dozen nations were involved in the investigation, U.S ... (Read More ... The U.S ... ....(size: 6.2Kb)
photo: US Govt. Defense Threat Reduction Agency
10 May 2013
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. Perhaps a backlash against newly arrived non-indigenous immigrants is justifiable, especially in reference to the recent Boston Marathon Bombing. And maybe there are a few non-native immigrants that take advantage of social uplift programs, or that commit crimes. But generally speaking, the United States of America has always been a nation of immigrants ... citizenship which took seven years....(size: 6.2Kb)
photo: UN / F Botts
11 May 2013
The level of the most important heat-trapping gas in the atmosphere, carbon dioxide, has passed a long-feared milestone, scientists reported Friday, reaching a concentration not seen on the Earth for millions of years ... "It symbolizes that, so far, we have failed miserably in tackling this problem," said Pieter P. Tans, who runs the monitoring program at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration that reported the new reading ... ....(size: 2.5Kb)
photo: AP / /Tony Dejak
10 May 2013
An Ohio prosecutor has said he will seek aggravated murder charges, which could carry the death penalty, against a former Cleveland school bus driver accused of kidnapping and raping three women during a decade of captivity in his house ... Cuyahoga County prosecutor Timothy McGinty told a news conference that his office intends to pursue charges of kidnapping and sexual assault as well as aggravated murder ... First public appearance ... ....(size: 4.5Kb)
Edit
Huffington Post
03 May 2013
That "Living Landmark" of New York City, the actress Candice Bergen, is going into movie production ... Candy will now delve into a big screen version of her own past as the child of famed ventriloquist Edgar Bergen ... In this manner of speaking, Edgar and his beautiful wife, Frances, became the parents of Candice and her brother Kris, but Charlie became a star, landing the two true Bergens in the shade ... Edgar Bergen died in 1978 at age 75....(size: 7.0Kb)
Edit
Richmond Times Dispatch
03 May 2013
Candice Bergen is producing a film about her late father, the famed ventriloquist Edgar Bergen, a spokeswoman said Tuesday. The big-screen project will tell the story of Bergen’s dad and his ventriloquist’s dummy that became an unlikely celebrity, spokeswoman Heidi Schaeffer said. The movie will be based on Candice Bergen’s 1984 memoir, “Knock Wood.”. “This creation took over and eclipsed the creator,” Candice Bergen said....(size: 2.1Kb)
Edit
The Dallas Morning News
03 May 2013
Columnist Tim Cowlishaw answered questions in a chat on Thursday. Here are some highlights ... I don't think it was a good draft, but your point is correct. Everyone drafts to some degree for need ... With Jerry overriding Garrett and Ciscoski during the first round of the draft (not the first time) does this turn them into Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy, with Jerry as the ventriquilist?. I don't think so ... (Luis Castillo) ... Top Stories ... Report....(size: 5.3Kb)
Edit
Philadelphia Daily News
01 May 2013
Gallery. The Tonys get 'Kinky'. Howard Gensler, Daily News Tattle Columnist. Posted. Wednesday, May 1, 2013, 3.01 AM. THE CYNDI LAUPER-scored "Kinky Boots" has earned a leading 13 Tony Award nominations, with the British import "Matilda ... ... ... * A spokeswoman for Candice Bergen says that the former "Murphy Brown" star is producing a film about her late father, famed ventriloquist Edgar Bergen ... Edgar Bergen died in 1978 at 75 ... 0....(size: 10.7Kb)
Edit
IMDb
30 Apr 2013
Before she was Murphy Brown and the star of such films as Carnal Knowledge, Candice Bergen grew up watching her father Edgar Bergen scratch his way to stardom with his arm up the back of ......(size: 0.9Kb)
Edit
Palm Beach Post
30 Apr 2013
Candice Bergen is producing a film about her late father, the famed ventriloquist Edgar Bergen, a spokeswoman said Tuesday ... In a statement, "Murphy Brown" star Bergen said her father was overshadowed by the 3-foot-long wood character named Charlie McCarthy, who got the best lines while the reserved Edgar Bergen played straight man ... Edgar Bergen died ......(size: 2.2Kb)
Edit
Seattle Post
30 Apr 2013
LOS ANGELES (AP) — Candice Bergen is producing a film about her late father, the famed ventriloquist Edgar Bergen, a spokeswoman said Tuesday ... In a statement, "Murphy Brown" star Bergen said her father was overshadowed by the 3-foot-long wood character named Charlie McCarthy, who got the best lines while the reserved Edgar Bergen played straight man....(size: 2.2Kb)
Edit
The Washington Post
30 Apr 2013
LOS ANGELES — Candice Bergen is producing a film about her late father, the famed ventriloquist Edgar Bergen, a spokeswoman said Tuesday ... In a statement, “Murphy Brown” star Bergen said her father was overshadowed by the 3-foot-long wood character named Charlie McCarthy, who got the best lines while the reserved Edgar Bergen played straight man....(size: 3.8Kb)
Edit
Boston Herald
31 Mar 2013
HALLANDALE BEACH, Fla. — With Orb's latest victory, Hall of Fame trainer Shug McGaughey has reason to hope for his first Kentucky Derby winner in a more than 30-year career. "It's my dream," McGaughey said Saturday after Orb won the Florida Derby at Gulfstream Park ... Orb caught Itsmyluckyday inside the eighth pole and drew clear to win the Grade 1 stakes race by 2¾ lengths ... More On.. Edgar Bergen ... ....(size: 4.2Kb)
Edit
The Himalayan
23 Feb 2013
. Added At. 2013-02-23 9.39 PM. Last Updated At. 2013-02-23 9.39 PM. The Himalayan Times - Saved Articles(s). The headlines has been added to your saved article(s). To View your saved article(s)please Click Here ». Close ... No to Oscar ... the Academy ... When ventriloquist Edgar Bergen and his dummy Charlie McCarthy got an honorary Oscar in 1938, he was given a wooden Oscar statuette with a movable mouth ... ....(size: 6.7Kb)
Edit
Deccan Chronicle
21 Feb 2013
REFUSING OSCAR. A few Oscar winners have felt compelled to turn down their prizes over the years. The first was screenwriter Dudley Nichols, who refused his Best Screenwriter award for "The Informer" in 1936 because of conflicts between the Screen Writers Guild and the Academy ... ... $1 ... When ventriloquist Edgar Bergen and his dummy Charlie McCarthy got an honorary Oscar in 1938, he was given a wooden Oscar statuette with a movable mouth ... ....(size: 7.5Kb)
Edit
The Star
21 Feb 2013
REUTERS - The Academy Awards are usually tightly scripted events, but sometimes even Oscar gets a taste of the unexpected. Here are some of the curious moments when things veered off course on the red carpet. REFUSING OSCAR ... The all-time greatest rejection, though, goes to George C ... ... When ventriloquist Edgar Bergen and his dummy Charlie McCarthy got an honorary Oscar in 1938, he was given a wooden Oscar statuette with a movable mouth ... ....(size: 7.6Kb)
"Charlie McCarthy" redirects here. For the Irish hurler, see Charlie McCarthy (hurler). For the Gaelic footballer, see Charlie McCarthy (Kerry GAA).
 |
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2008) |
| Edgar Bergen | |
|---|---|
 Bergen with his ventriloquist dummy Charlie McCarthy in Stage Door Canteen (1943) |
|
| Born | Edgar John Berggren (1903-02-16)February 16, 1903 Chicago, Illinois, United States |
| Died | September 30, 1978(1978-09-30) (aged 75) Paradise, Nevada, United States |
| Years active | 1930-1978 |
| Spouse | Frances Westerman (1945-1978) |
Edgar John Bergen (February 16, 1903 – September 30, 1978) was an American actor and radio performer, best known as a ventriloquist.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Bergen was born Edgar John Berggren in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Swedish immigrants Nilla Svensdotter (née Osberg) and Johan Henriksson Berggren.[1] He grew up in Decatur, Michigan. He taught himself ventriloquism from a pamphlet when he was 11. A few years later, he commissioned Chicago woodcarver Theodore Mack to sculpt a likeness of a rascally Irish newspaperboy he knew. The head went on a dummy named Charlie McCarthy, who became Bergen's lifelong sidekick. At age 16, he went to Chicago, where he attended Lake View High School and worked at a silent movie house. He gave his first public performance at Waveland Avenue Congregational Church which was located on the northeast corner of Waveland and Janssen. He lived across the street from the church. In 1965, he gave that church a generous contribution, a thoughtful letter, and a photograph of himself which had been requested by the minister and was displayed in the church's assembly room which was dedicated to Bergen.
[edit] The Chase and Sanborn Hour
File:Charliebergen.jpg
Sam Berman's caricature of Charlie McCarthy and Edgar Bergen for NBC's 1947 promotion book
His first performances were in vaudeville, at which point he legally changed his last name to the easier-to-pronounce "Bergen". He worked in one-reel movie shorts, but his real success was on the radio. He and Charlie were seen at a New York party by Elsa Maxwell for Noël Coward, who recommended them for an engagement at the famous Rainbow Room. It was there that two producers saw Bergen and Charlie perform. They then recommended them for a guest appearance on Rudy Vallée's program. Their initial appearance (December 17, 1936) was so successful that the following year they were given their own show, as part of The Chase and Sanborn Hour. Under various sponsors (and two different networks), they were on the air from May 9, 1937 to July 1, 1956. The popularity of a ventriloquist on radio, when one could see neither the dummies nor his skill, surprised and puzzled many critics, then and now. Even knowing that Bergen provided the voice, listeners perceived Charlie as a genuine person, but only through artwork rather than photos could the character be seen as truly lifelike. Thus, in 1947, Sam Berman caricatured Bergen and McCarthy for the network's glossy promotional book, NBC Parade of Stars: As Heard Over Your Favorite NBC Station.
Bergen's skill as an entertainer, especially his characterization of Charlie, carried the show (many of which have survived).[citation needed] Bergen's success on radio was paralleled in the United Kingdom by Peter Brough and his dummy Archie Andrews (Educating Archie).
For the radio program, Bergen developed other characters, notably the slow-witted Mortimer Snerd and the man-hungry Effie Klinker. The star remained Charlie, who was always presented as a highly precocious child (albeit in top hat, cape, and monocle) – a debonair, girl-crazy, child-about-town. As a child and a wooden one at that, Charlie could get away with double entendre which were otherwise impossible under broadcast standards of the time.
- Charlie: "May I have a kiss good-bye?"
- Dale Evans: "Well, I can't see any harm in that!"
- Charlie: "Oh. I wish you could. A harmless kiss doesn't sound very thrilling."
Charlie's feud with W. C. Fields was a regular feature of the show.
- W.C. Fields: "Well, Charlie McCarthy, the woodpecker's pinup boy!"
- Charlie: "Well, if it isn't W.C. Fields, the man who keeps Seagram's in business!"
- W.C. Fields: "I love children. I can remember when, with my own little unsteady legs, I toddled from room to room."
- Charlie: "When was that? Last night?"
- W.C. Fields: "Quiet, Wormwood, or I'll whittle you into a venetian blind."
- Charlie: "Ooh, that makes me shutter!"
- W.C. Fields: "Tell me, Charles, is it true that your father was a gate-leg table?"
- Charlie: "If it is, your father was under it."
- W.C. Fields: "Why, you stunted spruce, I'll throw a japanese beetle on you."
- Charlie: "Why, you bar-fly you, I'll stick a wick in your mouth, and use you for an alcohol lamp!"
- Charlie: "Pink elephants take aspirin to get rid of W. C. Fields."
- W.C. Fields: "Step out of the sun Charles. You may come unglued."
- Charlie: "Mind if I stand in the shade of your nose?"
Bergen was not the most technically skilled ventriloquist – Charlie McCarthy frequently twitted him for moving his lips – but Bergen's sense of comedic timing was superb, and he handled Charlie's snappy dialogue with aplomb. Bergen's wit in creating McCarthy's striking personality and that of his other characters was the making of the show. Bergen's popularity as a ventriloquist on radio, where the trick of "throwing his voice" was not visible, suggests his appeal was primarily the personality he applied to his characters.
Bergen and McCarthy are sometimes credited with "saving the world" because, on the night of October 30, 1938, when Orson Welles performed his War of the Worlds radio play hoax that panicked many listeners, most of the American public had instead tuned in to Bergen and McCarthy on another station and never heard Welles' play. Conversely, it has also been theorized that Bergen inadvertently contributed to the hysteria. When the musical portion of Bergen's show, The Chase and Sanborn Hour, aired approximately 12 minutes into the show, many listeners switched stations and found the War of the Worlds presentation already underway with a realistic-sounding reporter detailing terrible events.
Ray Noble was the musical director and composer, and teenage singer Anita Gordon provided the songs on his show. Gordon was said to have been discovered by Charlie, who had a crush on her.
[edit] The Charlie McCarthy Show
In 1949, Bergen went to CBS, with a new weekly program, The Charlie McCarthy Show, sponsored by Coca-Cola.
Comic strip[link]
In addition to his work as a ventriloquist, Bergen was also an actor and comic strip creator. He established the syndicated comic strip Mortimer & Charlie, which ran in newspapers from July 1939 to May 1940, illustrated first by Ben Batsford and then by Carl Buettner. Chase Craig is also believed to have had an uncredited role in the creation of the strip. The comic strip's writer was uncredited, but some of the gags certainly were lifted from the hit radio show.[2]
Films[link]
As an actor, Bergen portrayed the shy Norwegian suitor in I Remember Mama (1948). He also appeared in Captain China (1949) and Don't Make Waves (1965). Bergen and his alter-ego McCarthy appeared together with top billing in several films, including the Technicolor extravaganza The Goldwyn Follies (1938), opposite the Ritz Brothers. That year they also appeared in You Can't Cheat an Honest Man with W. C. Fields. At the height of their popularity in 1938, Bergen was presented an Honorary Oscar (in the form of a wooden Oscar statuette) for his creation of Charlie McCarthy.
Other film roles for the team include Look Who's Laughing (1941) and Here We Go Again (1942), both with Fibber McGee and Molly. Later, Bergen and McCarthy were featured in Fun and Fancy Free (1947) and much later in The Muppet Movie (1979). Bergen died shortly after completing his scenes in the latter film, marking it as his final public appearance. The film was subsequently dedicated to him. He had earlier appeared in a second season episode of The Muppet Show, a year after his daughter Candice.
Television appearances[link]
Although his regular series never made the transition to television, Bergen made numerous appearances on the medium during his career. In a filmed Thanksgiving special, billed as his TV debut, sponsored by Coca-Cola on CBS in 1950, the new character Podine Puffington was introduced. This saucy Southern belle was as tall as a real woman, in contrast to Bergen's other sit-on-the-knee sized characters. Bergen also hosted the television game show Do You Trust Your Wife? in 1956-'57, later succeeded, in a daytime edition, by Johnny Carson. Bergen appeared in the Christmas 1957 episode of NBC's The Gisele MacKenzie Show. In 1958 Bergen appeared with his 12 year old daughter Candice on an episode of You Bet Your Life starring Groucho Marx. In 1959, he appeared in the second episode entitled "Dossier" of the NBC espionage series Five Fingers starring David Hedison. On May 21, 1959, he guest starred with Charlie McCarthy on NBC's The Ford Show, Starring Tennessee Ernie Ford.
Bergen continued to appear regularly on television during the 1960s. He guest starred as Charlie in the 1960 episode "Moment of Fear" of CBS's The DuPont Show with June Allyson. He did a stint as one of the What's My Line? mystery guests on the popular Sunday night CBS series. His colleague Paul Winchell happened to be a panel member during that episode.[3] He also appeared on the NBC interview program Here's Hollywood.
Bergen appeared as Grandpa Walton in the original Waltons movie, The Homecoming: A Christmas Story (1971). The part was played by Will Geer in the subsequent series. Throughout the run of The Waltons—which took place in the late 1930s through the 1940s—the voices of Bergen and Charlie McCarthy were sporadically heard from the Walton family's radio, as family members regularly tuned in for that program.
Family[link]
In 1941, Bergen met Frances Westerman after a radio program when he was 38 and she was 19. Westerman, who had graduated from Los Angeles High School the year before, was in the audience of Bergen's radio program as the guest of a member of his staff. Sitting in the front row, the young fashion model's legs caught Bergen's attention and he asked to meet her. The two were married in Mexico after years of long-distance courtship, on June 28, 1945. On May 9, 1946 Frances gave birth to the future actress Candice Bergen, whose first performances were on Bergen's radio show. They were also the parents of film and television editor Kris Bergen, born October 12, 1961.[4]
On September 30, 1978, Bergen died in his sleep of kidney disease in Las Vegas, Nevada, at age 75. Bergen died at Caesar's Palace Hotel, just three days after opening, Wednesday September 27, at Caesar's for a two-week engagement that was to be part of his farewell to show business. It was in mid-September that he had announced that he was retiring after 56 years in show business and sending his monocled, top-hatted partner to the Smithsonian Institution.
Today, the iconic wooden Charlie McCarthy rests in Washington D.C.'s Smithsonian Institution. Bergen was interred with his parents (who are buried under their true surname of 'Berggren'), in Inglewood Park Cemetery, Inglewood, California. Edgar Bergen's wife of 33 years, Frances Westerman Bergen, died at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, on October 2, 2006, aged 84, from undisclosed causes.[5] She is also buried in Inglewood Cemetery. In 1990, Bergen was elected to the Radio Hall of Fame, the same year that The Charlie McCarthy Show was selected as an honored program. A message in the closing credits dedicates The Muppet Movie (which featured Edgar and Charlie in their last screen appearance) to the memory and magic of Edgar. In 1991, the United States Postal Service honored him with a 29-cent commemorative stamp.
References[link]
- ^ http://www.genealogy.com/famousfolks/candice-bergen/index.html
- ^ Holtz, Allan. Stripper's Guide
- ^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YU98KwL_pQ8&feature=related
- ^ http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0074053/bio
- ^ http://www.mercurynews.com/mld/mercurynews/news/local/states/california/northern_california/15671633.htm
Further reading[link]
- Bergen, Candice. Knock Wood.
- Grams, Jr., Martin. "The Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy Show: An Episode Guide and Brief History"
- Strickler, Dave. Syndicated Comic Strips and Artists, 1924-1995: The Complete Index. Cambria, California: Comics Access, 1995. ISBN 0-9700077-0-1
- Funni, Arthur. Thesis: The Radio Years of Bergen and McCarthy. Margaret Herrick Library, 2000.
Listen to[link]
- Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy's first show for The Chase And Sanborn Hour 1937-05-09 (01) Guest: Ann Harding, with a new introduction.
- Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy 1942-05-03 Guest: Judy Garland
External links[link]
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Edgar Bergen |
- Edgar Bergen at the Internet Movie Database
- Edgar Bergen at AllRovi
- Edgar Bergen at the National Radio Hall of Fame
- Ventriloquists in Old Time Radio
- Knock On Wood: An Insider's View of Belly Speaking
- "Edgar Bergen". Find a Grave. http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=84. Retrieved September 3, 2010.
|
||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Bergen, Edgar |
| Alternative names | Bergren, Edgar John |
| Short description | Comedian, ventriloquist |
| Date of birth | February 16, 1903 |
| Place of birth | Chicago, Illinois |
| Date of death | September 30, 1978 |
| Place of death | Paradise, Nevada |
http://wn.com/Edgar_Bergen
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the city in Norway. For other uses, see Bergen (disambiguation).
| Bergen | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| — City — | |||
 |
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 Bergen
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| Coordinates: 60°23′22″N 5°19′48″E / 60.38944°N 5.33°E / 60.38944; 5.33Coordinates: 60°23′22″N 5°19′48″E / 60.38944°N 5.33°E / 60.38944; 5.33 | |||
| Country | Norway | ||
| Region | Western Norway | ||
| County | Hordaland | ||
| District | Midhordland | ||
| Municipality | Bergen | ||
| Established | 1070 | ||
| Government | |||
| • Mayor | Trude Drevland (H) | ||
| • Governing mayor | Monica Mæland (H) | ||
| Area | |||
| • City | 465 km2 (180 sq mi) | ||
| • Urban | 94.03 km2 (36.31 sq mi) | ||
| • Metro | 2,755 km2 (1,064 sq mi) | ||
| Population (2011) | |||
| • City | 265,800 | ||
| • Density | 570/km2 (1,500/sq mi) | ||
| • Urban | 241,700 | ||
| • Urban density | 2,600/km2 (6,700/sq mi) | ||
| • Metro | 391,000 | ||
| • Metro density | 140/km2 (370/sq mi) | ||
| Demonym | Bergenser | ||
| Ethnic groups[1] | |||
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||
| Website | http://www.bergen.kommune.no | ||
Bergen (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈbærɡən] (
listen)) is a city and municipality in Hordaland on the west coast of Norway. As of 26 June 2012, the municipality had a population of 265,800 and Greater Bergen had a population of 391,000, making Bergen the second-largest city in Norway. The municipality covers and area of 465 square kilometers (180 sq mi) and is located on the peninsula of Bergenshalvøyen. The city center and northern neighborhoods are located on Byfjorden and the city is built around the Seven Mountains. Many of the extra-municipal suburbs are located on islands. Bergen is the administrative center of Hordaland and consists of eight boroughs—Arna, Årstad, Åsane, Bergenhus, Fana, Fyllingsdalen, Laksevåg and Ytrebygda.
Trading in Bergen may have started as early as the 1020s, but the city was not incorporated until 1070. It served as Norway's capital from 1217 to 1299, and from the end of the 13th century became a bureau city of the Hanseatic League. Until 1789, Bergen enjoyed exclusive rights to mediate trade between Northern Norway and abroad. The remains of the quays, Bryggen, is a World Heritage Site. The city was hit by numerous fires. The Norwegian School of Economics was founded in 1936 and the University of Bergen in 1946. From 1831 to 1972, Bergen was its own county, after which Bergen amalgamated with the surrounding municipalities.
The city is an international center within aquaculture, shipping, offshore petroleum industry and subsea technology, and a national center within higher education, tourism and finance. The city's main football team is SK Brann and the city holds the unique tradition in buekorps. Natives speak the distinct Bergensk dialect. The city features Bergen Airport, Flesland, the Bergen Light Rail and is the terminus of the Bergen Line; Bergen Port is Norway's busiest. Four large bridges connect Bergen to its suburban municipalities.
Contents |
History[link]
 |
This article appears to contradict the article Haakon V of Norway. Please see discussion on the linked talk page. Please do not remove this message until the contradictions are resolved. (August 2011) |
The city of Bergen was traditionally thought to have been founded by king Olav Kyrre, son of Harald Hardråde in 1070 AD,[2] four years after the Viking Age ended. Modern research has, however, discovered that a trading settlement was established already during the 1020s or 1030s.[3] It is considered to have replaced Trondheim as Norway's capital in 1217, and that Oslo became the de jure capital in 1299.[citation needed] Towards the end of the 13th century, Bergen became one of the Hanseatic League's most important bureau cities.[4]
The main reason for Bergen's importance was the trade with dried cod from the northern Norwegian coast,[5] which started around 1100. By the late 14th century, Bergen had established itself as the centre of the trade in Norway.[6] The Hanseatic merchants lived in their own separate quarter of town, where Middle Saxon was used, enjoying exclusive rights to trade with the northern fishermen that each summer sailed to Bergen.[7] Today, Bergen's old quayside, Bryggen is on UNESCO's list of World Heritage Site.[8]
The city has throughout its history been plagued with numerous great city fires. In 1198, the Bagler-faction set fire to the city in connection with a battle against the Birkebeiner faction during the civil war. In 1248, Holmen and Sverresborg burned, and 11 churches were destroyed. In 1413 another fire struck the city, and 14 churches were destroyed. In 1428 the city was plundered by pirates on a mission for the Hanseatic League, the same who was responsible for burning down Munkeliv Abbey in 1455. In 1476, Bryggen burned down in a fire started by a drunk trader. In 1582, another fire hit the city centre and Strandsiden. In 1675, 105 buildings burned down in Øvregaten. In 1686 a new great fire hit Strandsiden, destroying 231 city blocks and 218 boathouses. The greatest fire to date happened in 1702 when 90 percent of the city was burned to ashes. In 1751, there was a great fire at Vågsbunnen. In 1756, a new fire at Strandsiden burned down 1,500 buildings, and further great fires hit Strandsiden in 1771 and 1901. In 1916, 300 buildings burned down in the city centre, and in 1955 parts of Bryggen burned down.
In 1349, the Black Death was inadvertently brought to Norway by the crew of an English ship arriving in Bergen.[9] In the 15th century, the city was several times attacked by the Victual Brothers,[10] and in 1429 they succeeded in burning the royal castle and much of the city. In 1536, the King of the country was able to force the Saxon merchants to become Norwegian citizens, or else to return home, heralding a decline in the Saxon influence. In 1665, the city's harbour was the site of the Battle of Vågen, between English ships on the one side and Dutch ships supported by the city's garrison on the other.
Throughout the 15th and 16th centuries, Bergen remained one of the largest cities in Scandinavia, and was Norway's biggest city until the 1830s,[12] when the capital city of Oslo became the largest. Bergen retained its monopoly of trade with Northern Norway until 1789.[13]
During World War II, Bergen was occupied on the first day of the German invasion on 9 April 1940, after a brief fight between German ships and the Norwegian coastal artillery. On 20 April 1944, during the German occupation, the Dutch cargo ship Voorbode anchored off the Bergenhus Fortress, loaded with over 120 tons of explosives, blew up, killing at least 150 people and damaging historic buildings. The city was subject to some Allied bombing raids, aiming at German naval installations in the harbour. Some of these caused Norwegian civilian casualties numbering about 100.
Bergen was separated from Hordaland as a county of its own in 1831.[14] It was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The rural municipality of Bergen landdistrikt was merged with Bergen on 1 January 1877.[15] The rural municipality of Årstad was merged with Bergen on 1 July 1915. The rural municipalities of Arna, Fana, Laksevåg, and Åsane were merged with Bergen on 1 January 1972. The city lost its status as a separate county on the same date.[16] Bergen is now a municipality in Norway, in the county of Hordaland.
In 1972, Bergen was unified with the neighbouring municipalities, of Arna, Fana, Laksevåg, and Åsane, abolishing its county status and setting its present boundaries.[16]
Toponymy[link]
The Old Norse forms of the name were Bergvin and Bjǫrgvin (and in Icelandic and Faroese the city is still called Björgvin). The first element is berg (n.) or bjǫrg (n.), which translates to mountain(s). The last element is vin (f.), which means a new settlement where there used to be a pasture or meadow. The full meaning is then 'the meadow among the mountains'.[17] A suitable name: Bergen is often called 'the city among the seven mountains'. It was the playwright Ludvig Holberg who felt so inspired by the seven hills of Rome, that he decided that his home town must be blessed with a corresponding seven mountains – and locals still argue which seven they are.
In 1918, there was a campaign to reintroduce the Norse form Bjørgvin as the name of the city. This was turned down – but as a compromise the name of the diocese was changed to Bjørgvin bispedømme.[18]
Geography[link]
Bergen occupies most of the peninsula of Bergenshalvøyen in the district of Midthordland in mid-western Hordaland. The municipality covers and area of 465 kilometers (289 mi). Most of the urban area is located on or close to a fjord or bay, although there are several mountains located within the urban area. The city center is surrounded by the Seven Mountains, although there is disagreement as to which of the nine mountains constitute these. Ulriken, Fløyen, Løvstakken and Damsgårdsfjellet are always included as well as three of Lyderhorn, Sandviksfjellet, Blåmanen, Rundemanen and Askøyfjellet.[19] Gullfjellet is the highest mountain in Bergen, at 987 meters (3,238 ft) above mean sea level.[20]
The population is 256,580[21] making the population density 551 people per km2. The population of the main urban area is 220,418.[22] The main urban area of Bergen 227,752 residents and covers an area of 94.03 square kilometers (36.31 sq mi). Other urban areas, as defined by Statistics Norway, consists of Indre Arna (6,296 residents), Fanahammeren (3,613), Ytre Arna (2,522), Hylkje (2,195), Espeland (2,049), Nordvik (431) and Flesland (335).[22]
Bergen is sheltered from the North Sea by the islands Askøy, Holsnøy (the municipality of Meland) and Sotra (the municipalities of Fjell and Sund). Bergen borders the municipalities Meland, Lindås and Osterøy to the north, Vaksdal and Samnanger to the east, Os and Austevoll to the south, and Sund, Fjell and Askøy to the west.
Climate[link]
Bergen features a temperate oceanic climate with relatively mild winters and cool summers. Despite being so far north, Bergen's weather is relatively mild. In the winter, Bergen is one of the warmest cities in Norway, caused by the Gulf Stream. Bergen experiences plentiful rainfall, with annual precipitation measuring 2,250 mm (89 in) on average.[23] This is because the city is surrounded by mountains that cause moist North Atlantic air to undergo orographic lift, which yields abundant rainfall. Rain fell every day between 29 October 2006 and 21 January 2007, 85 consecutive days.[24] In Bergen, precipitation is plentiful and heavy rain can happen at any time of the year. The highest temperature ever recorded was 31.8 °C, a record that dates back to 1947.[25] The lowest ever recorded is −16.3 °C, in 1987.[26] The high precipitation is often used in the marketing of the city, and figures to a degree on postcards sold in the city. For some time there were umbrella vending machines in the city, but these did not turn out to be a success.[27]
In recent years, precipitation and winds have increased in the city. In late 2005, heavy rains caused floods and several landslides, the worst of which killed three people on 14 September. Some indications are that due to climate change, severe storms causing landslides and floods will become more powerful in the area and in surrounding counties in coming years. As a response, the municipality created a special 24-man rescue unit within the fire department in 2005, to respond to future slides and other natural disasters,[28] and neighbourhoods considered at risk of slides were surveyed in 2006.[29] As of October 2007, the prediction has been supported by over 480 landslides in Hordaland county from the spring of 2006 to the summer of 2007. Most of the slides hit roads however none of them caused damage to cars, buildings, or people,[30][31] until October 2007, when a large rock dislodged and killed the driver of a car.[32] Another concern is the risk of rising sea levels. Already today, Bryggen is regularly flooded at extreme tide, and it is feared that as sea levels rise, floods will become a major problem in Bergen. Floods may in the future reach the old fire station in Olav Kyrres Gate, as well as the railroad tracks leading out of the city.[33] It has therefore been suggested by among others Stiftelsen Bryggen, the foundation responsible for preserving the UNESCO site, that a sea wall, built so that it could be raised and lowered as demanded by the tides, be built outside the harbour to protect the city.[34]
| Climate data for Bergen (1961–1990) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 3.6 (38.5) |
4.0 (39.2) |
8.9 (48.0) |
12.1 (53.8) |
15.0 (59.0) |
16.8 (62.2) |
19.6 (67.3) |
18.4 (65.1) |
15.2 (59.4) |
11.2 (52.2) |
6.9 (44.4) |
4.7 (40.5) |
10.5 (50.9) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −0.4 (31.3) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
3.1 (37.6) |
5.0 (41.0) |
7.2 (45.0) |
10.2 (50.4) |
11.5 (52.7) |
11.6 (52.9) |
9.1 (48.4) |
6.6 (43.9) |
2.8 (37.0) |
0.6 (33.1) |
5.2 (41.4) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 190 (7.48) |
152 (5.98) |
170 (6.69) |
114 (4.49) |
106 (4.17) |
132 (5.2) |
148 (5.83) |
190 (7.48) |
283 (11.14) |
271 (10.67) |
259 (10.2) |
235 (9.25) |
2,250 (88.58) |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 21 | 17 | 19 | 17 | 17 | 16 | 18 | 19 | 23 | 24 | 22 | 22 | 235 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 18.6 | 56.5 | 93.0 | 147.0 | 186.0 | 195.0 | 180.4 | 166.6 | 87.0 | 58.9 | 24.0 | 9.3 | 1,179.3 |
| Source: World Meteorological Organisation,[35] Hong Kong Observatory[36] | |||||||||||||
Demographics[link]
| Historical populations | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1769 | 18,827 | — |
| 1855 | 37,015 | +96.6% |
| 1900 | 94,485 | +155.3% |
| 1910 | 104,224 | +10.3% |
| 1920 | 118,490 | +13.7% |
| 1930 | 129,118 | +9.0% |
| 1940 | — | |
| 1950 | 162,381 | — |
| 1960 | 185,822 | +14.4% |
| 1970 | 209,066 | +12.5% |
| 1980 | 207,674 | −0.7% |
| 1990 | 212,944 | +2.5% |
| 2000 | 229,496 | +7.8% |
| 2010 | 256,580 | +11.8% |
| Source: Statistics Norway.[37][38] Note: The municipalities of Arna, Fana, Laksevåg and Åsane were merged with Bergen 1 January 1972. | ||
Ethnic Norwegians make up 88.8% of Bergen's residents. Of these, 2.1% were first or second generation immigrants with Western backgrounds and 6.6% were first or second generation immigrants with non-Western backgrounds.[39] The population grew with 4,549 people in 2009, a growth rate of 1,8%. Ninety-six percent of the population live in urban areas. As of 2002, the average gross income for men above the age of 17 is 426,000 Norwegian krone (NOK), the average gross income for women above the age of 17 is NOK 238,000, with the total average gross income being NOK 330,000 .[39] In 2007, there were 104.6 men for every 100 women in the age group of 20–39.[39] 22.8% of the population were under 17 years of age, while 4.5% were 80 and above.
The immigrant population (those with two foreign-born parents) in Bergen, includes 23,682 individuals with backgrounds from 164 countries representing 9.56% of the city's population (2008). Of these, 40.8% have background from Europe, 36.0% from Asia, 12.4% from Africa, 7.8% from Latin America, 2.5% from North America and 0.5% from Oceania. The immigrant population in Bergen in the period 1993–2008 increased by 119.7%, while the ethnic Norwegian population has grown by 8.1% during the same period. The national average is 138.0% and 4.2%. The immigrant population has thus accounted for 43.6% of Bergen's population growth and 60.8% of Norway's population growth during the period 1993–2008, compared with 84.5% in Oslo.[40]
The immigrant population in Bergen has changed a lot since 1970. As of 1 January 1986, there were 2,870 persons with non-Western immigrant background in Bergen. In 2006, this figure had increased to 14,630, so the non-Western immigrant population in Bergen was five times higher than in 1986. This is a slightly slower growth than the national average, which has sextupled during the same period. Also in relation to the total population in Bergen, the proportion of non-Western increased significantly. In 1986, the proportion of the total population in the municipality of non-Western background was 3.6%. In January 2006, persons with non-Western immigrant background accounted for 6 percent of the population in Bergen. The share of Western immigrants has remained stable at around 2% in the period. The number of Poles in Bergen rose from 697 in 2006 to 3,128 in 2010.[41]
The Church of Norway is the largest denomination in Bergen, with 201,006 (79.74%) adherents in 2012. Bergen is the seat of the Diocese of Bjørgvin with Bergen Cathedral as its centerpiece, which St John's Church is the city's most prominent. The state church is followed by 52,059 (13.55%) irreligious [42] 12,000 Catholics belonging to Saint Paul Catholic Church[43][44] 4,947 members of various protestant free churches, 2,707 Muslims, 816 Hindus, 255 Russian Orthodox Russian Orthodox and 147 and Oriental Orthodox.
Cityscape[link]
The city centre of Bergen is located west in the municipality, facing the fjord of Byfjorden. It is situated among a group of mountains known as the Seven Mountains, although the number is a matter of definition. From here, the urban area of Bergen extends to the north, west and south, and to its east is a large mountain massif. Outside of the city centre and the surrounding neighbourhoods (i.e. Årstad, inner Laksevåg and Sandviken), the majority of the population lives in relatively sparsely populated residential areas that have been built since the 1950s. While some are dominated by apartment buildings and modern terraced houses (e.g. Fyllingsdalen), others are dominated by single-family homes.[45]
The oldest part of Bergen is the area around the bay of Vågen in the city centre. Originally centred on the eastern side of the bay, Bergen eventually expanded west and southwards. Few buildings from the oldest period remain, the most significant being St Mary's Church from the 12th century. For several hundred years, the extent of the city remained almost constant. The population was stagnant, and the city limits were narrow.[46] In 1702, 7/8 of the city burned. Most of the old buildings of Bergen, including Bryggen (which was rebuilt in a medieval style), were built after the fire. The fire marked a transition from tar covered houses, as well as the remaining log houses, to painted and some brick-covered wooden buildings.[47]
The last half of the 19th century was a period of rapid expansion and modernisation of the city. The fire of 1855 west of Torgallmenningen led to the development of regularly sized city blocks in this area of the city centre. The city limits were expanded in 1876, and Nygård, Møhlenpris and Sandviken were urbanised with large-scale construction of city blocks housing both the poor and the wealthy.[48] Their architecture is influenced by a variety of styles; historicism, classicism and Art Nouveau.[49] The wealthy built villas between Møhlenpris and Nygård, and on the side of Fløyen, had also been added to Bergen in 1876. Simultaneously, an urbanisation process was taking place in Solheimsviken in Årstad, at the time outside of Bergen municipality, centred around the large industrial activity in the area.[50] The workers' homes in this area were poorly built, and little remains after large-scale redevelopment in the 1960s–1980s.
After Årstad became a part of Bergen in 1916, a development plan was applied to the new area. Few city blocks akin to those in Nygård and Møhlenpris were planned. Many of the worker class built their own homes, and many small, detached apartment buildings were built. After World War II, Bergen had again run short on land to build on, and, contrary to the original plans, many large apartment buildings were built in Landås in the 1950s and 1960s. Bergen acquired Fyllingsdalen from Fana municipality in 1955. Like similar areas in Oslo (e.g. Lambertseter), Fyllingsdalen was developed into a modern suburb with large apartment buildings, mid-rises, and some single-family homes, in the 1960s and 1970s. Similar developments took place outside of Bergen's city limits, for example in Loddefjord.[51]
At the same time as planned city expansion took place inside Bergen, its extra-municipal suburbs too grew rapidly. Wealthy citizens of Bergen had been living in Fana since the 19th century, but as the city expanded it became more convenient to settle in the municipality. Similar processes took place in Åsane and Laksevåg. Most of the homes in these areas are detached row houses, single family homes or small apartment buildings.[51] Since the surrounding municipalities were merged with Bergen in 1972, expansion has continued in largely the same manner, although the municipality encourages condensing near commercial centres, future Bergen Light Rail stations, and elsewhere.[52][53]
As part of the modernisation wave of the 1950s and 1960s, and due to damages caused by World War II, the city government ambitiously developed redevelopment plans for many areas in central Bergen. The plans involved demolition of several neighbourhoods of wooden houses, namely Nordnes, Marken, and Stølen. None of the plans were carried out in their original form, the Marken and Stølen redevelopment plans discarded entirely and that of Nordnes only carried out in the area that had been most damaged by war. The city council of Bergen had in 1964 voted to demolish the enterity of Marken, however, the decision proved to be strongly controversial and the decision was reversed in 1974. Bryggen was under threat of being wholly or partly demolished after the fire of 1955, when a large number of the buildings burned to the ground. Instead of being demolished, the remaining buildings were eventually restored and accompanied by reconstructions of some of the burned buildings.[51] Demolition of old buildings and occasionally whole city blocks is still taking place, the most recent major example being the razing of Jonsvollskvartalet at Nøstet.[54]
Administration[link]
Since 2000, the city of Bergen is governed by a city government (byråd) based on the principle of parliamentarism.[55] The government consists of 6 government members called commissioners, and is appointed by the city council, the supreme authority of the city. Since the local elections of 2007, the city has been ruled by a right-wing coalition of the Progress Party, the Christian Democratic Party and the Conservative Party, each with two commissioners.[56] The Progress Party member Gunnar Bakke is mayor,[57] while conservative Monica Mæland is the leader of the city government,[58] the most powerful political position in Bergen.
Bergen is sister cities with Asmara, Eritrea;[59] Gothenburg, Sweden;[59] Lübeck, Germany;[60] Newcastle, United Kingdom;[59][61] Quebec City, Canada; Rostock, Germany; Seattle, United States;[59][62] Turku, Finland;[59] and Aarhus, Denmark.[59][63]
2007 elections[link]
| Bergen city council 2007–2011[64] | |
| Conservative Party | 18 0(0) |
| Labour Party | 16 (+1) |
| Progress Party | 14 (+2) |
| Socialist Left Party | 05 (−3) |
| Christian Democratic Party | 04 0(0) |
| Liberal Party | 04 (+2) |
| Red Electoral Alliance | 03 (−1) |
| Centre Party | 02 (+1) |
| Pensioners' Party | 01 (−2) |
| Total | 67 |
The 2007 city council elections were held on 10 September. The Socialist Left Party (SV) and the Pensioners Party (PP) ended up as the losers of the election, SV going from 11.6% of the votes in the 2003 elections to 7.1%, and PP losing 2.9% ending up at 1.2%. The Liberal Party more than doubled, going from 2.7% to 5.8%. The Conservative Party lost 1.1% of the votes, ending up at 26.3%, while the Progress Party got 20.2% of the votes, a gain of 3% since the 2003 elections. The Christian Democratic Party gained 0.2%, ending up at 6.3%. The Red Electoral Alliance lost 1.4%, ending up at 4.5%, while the Centre Party gained 1.2%, ending up at 2.8%. Finally, the Labour Party continued being the second largest party in the city, gaining 1% and ending up at 23.9%.[65]
Boroughs[link]
Bergen is divided into 8 boroughs,[66] as seen on the map to the left. Going clockwise, starting north, the boroughs are Åsane, Arna, Fana, Ytrebygda, Fyllingsdalen, Laksevåg, Årstad and Bergenhus. The city centre is located in Bergenhus. Parts of Fana (= the fens), Ytrebygda, Åsane (= the hills) and Arna are not part of the Bergen urban area, explaining why the municipality has approximately 20,000 more inhabitants than the urban area. The separate borough administrations were closed 30 June 2004,[67] but were re-established 1 January 2008.[68]
| Borough | Population[69] | % | Area (km2) | % | Density (/km2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arna | 12,680 | 4.9 | 102.44 | 22.0 | 123 |
| Bergenhus1 | 38,544 | 14.8 | 26.58 | 5.7 | 4.415 |
| Fana | 38,317 | 14.8 | 159.70 | 34.3 | 239 |
| Fyllingsdalen | 28,844 | 11.1 | 18.84 | 4.0 | 1.530 |
| Laksevåg | 38,391 | 14.8 | 32.72 | 7.0 | 1.173 |
| Ytrebygda | 25,710 | 9.9 | 39.61 | 8.5 | 649 |
| Årstad2 | 37,614 | 14.5 | 14.78 | 3.2 | 4.440 |
| Åsane | 39,534 | 15.2 | 71.01 | 15.2 | 556 |
| Not stated | 758 | ||||
| Total | 260,392 | 100 | 465.68 | 100 | 559 |
The following acreage figures in the table include fresh water and uninhabited mountain areas.
1 1 The borough Bergenhus is 8.73 km (5.42 mi) ², the rest is water and uninhabited mountain areas.
2 2 The borough Årstad is 8.47 km (5.26 mi) ², the rest is water and uninhabited mountain areas.
Education[link]
There are 64 elementary schools,[70] 18 lower secondary schools[71] and 20 upper secondary schools[72] in Bergen, as well as 11 combined elementary and lower secondary schools.[73] Bergen Cathedral School is the oldest school in Bergen and was founded by Pope Adrian IV in 1153.[74]
The University of Bergen has 16,000 students and 3,000 staff, making it the third-largest educational institution in Norway.[75] Research in Bergen dates back to activity at Bergen Museum in 1825, although the university was not founded until 1946. The university has a broad range of courses and research in academic fields and three national centers of excellence, in climate research, petroleum research and medieval studies.[76] The main campus is located in the city center. The university cooperates with Haukeland University Hospital within medical research. The Chr. Michelsen Institute is an independent research foundation established in 1930 focusing on human rights and development issues.[77]
Bergen University College has 6,000 and 600 staff.[78] It focuses on professional education, such as teaching, healthcare and engineering. The college was created through amalgamation in 1994; campuses are spread around town but will be co-located at Kronstad. The Norwegian School of Economics is located in outer Sandviken and is the leader business school in Norway,[79] having produced three Economy Nobel Prize laureates.[80] The school has approximately 2,700 students and 350 staff.[81] Other tertiary education institutions include the Bergen School of Architecture, the Bergen National Academy of the Arts, located in the city center with 300 students,[82] and the Norwegian Naval Academy located in Laksevåg. The Norwegian Institute of Marine Research has been located in Bergen since 1900. It provides research and advice relating to ecosystems and aquaculture. It has a staff of 700 people.[83]
Economy[link]
In August 2004, Time magazine named the city one of Europe's 14 "secret capitals"[84] where Bergen's capital reign is acknowledged within maritime businesses and activities such as aquaculture and marine research, with the Institute of Marine Research (IMR) (the second-largest in Europe) as the leading institution. Bergen is the main base for the Royal Norwegian Navy (at Haakonsvern) and its international airport Flesland is the main heliport for the huge Norwegian North Sea oil and gas industry, from where thousands of offshore workers commute to their work places onboard oil and gas rigs and platforms.[85]
One of Norway's largest shopping malls, Lagunen Storsenter, is located in Fana in Bergen, with a turnover of 2 540 million Norwegian kroner, and 5.2 million visitors every year.
Tourism is an important income source for the city. The hotels in the city may be full at times,[86][87] due to the increasing number of tourists and conferences. Prior to the Rolling Stones concert in September 2006, many hotels were already fully booked several months in advance.[88] Bergen is recognised as the unofficial capital of the region known as Western Norway, and recognised and marketed as the gateway city to the world famous fjords of Norway and for that reason it has become Norway's largest – and one of Europe's largest – cruise ship ports of call.[89]
Transport[link]
Bergen Airport, Flesland is located 18 kilometers (11 mi) from the city center, at Flesland.[90] In 2011 the Avinor-operated airport served 5.6 million passengers.[91] The airport serves as a hub for Scandinavian Airlines, Norwegian Air Shuttle and Widerøe; there are direct flights to 20 domestic and 53 international destinations.[92] Bergen Port, operated by Bergen Port Authority, is the largest seaport in Norway.[93] In 2011, the port saw 264 cruise calls with 350,248 visitors,[94] In 2009, the port handled 56 million tonnes of cargo, making it the ninth-busiest cargo port in Europe.[95] There are plans to relocate the port out of the city center, but no location has been chosen.[96] Fjord Line operates a cruiseferry service to Hirtshals, Denmark. Bergen is the southern terminus of the Coastal Express, which operates with daily services along the coast to Kirkenes.[90] Passenger catamarans run from Bergen south to Haugesund and Stavanger,[97] and north to Sognefjorden and Nordfjord.[98]
The city center is surrounded by an electronic toll collection ring using the Autopass system.[99] The main motorways consist of E39, which runs north–south through the municipality, E16, which runs eastwards, and National Road 555, which runs westwards. There are four major bridges connecting Bergen to neighboring municipalities: the Nordhordland Bridge,[100] the Askøy Bridge, [101] the Sotra Bridge[102] and the Osterøy Bridge. Bergen connects to the island of Bjorøy via the subsea Bjorøy Tunnel.[103]
Bergen Station is the terminus of the Bergen Line, which runs 496 kilometers (308 mi) to Oslo.[104] The Norwegian State Railways operates express trains to Oslo and the Bergen Commuter Rail to Voss. Between Bergen and Arna Station, the train runs every 30 minutes through the Ulriken Tunnel; there is no corresponding road tunnel, forcing road vehicles to travel via Åsane.[105] Public transport in Hordaland is managed by Skyss, which operates an extensive city bus network in Bergen and to many neighboring municipalities,[106] including one bus route which operates as a trolleybus.[107] Bergen Light Rail opened between the city center and Nestun in 2010,[108] and is scheduled to open to Rådal in 2013 and the airport in 2015.[109] Extensions to other boroughs may occur afterwards.[110] Fløibanen is a funicular which runs from the city center to Fløyen and Ulriksbanen is an aerial tramway which runs to Ulriken.
Culture and sports[link]
Bergens Tidende (BT) and Bergensavisen (BA) are the largest newspapers, with circulations of 87,076 and 30,719 in 2006,[111] BT is a regional newspaper covering all of Hordaland and Sogn og Fjordane, while BA focuses on metropolitan Bergen. Other newspaper published in Bergen includes the Christian national Dagen, with a circulation of 8.936,[111] and TradeWinds, an international shipping newspaper. Local newspapers are Fanaposten for Fana and Bygdanytt for Arna.[111] TV 2, Norway's largest private television company, is based in Bergen.
The 1,500-seat Grieg Hall is the city's main cultural venue,[112] and home of the Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra, founded in 1765,[113] and the Bergen Woodwind Quintet. The city also features Carte Blanche, the Norwegian national company of contemporary dance. The annual Bergen International Festival is the main cultural festival, which is supplemented by the Bergen International Film Festival. Two internationally renown composers from Bergen are Edvard Grieg and Ole Bull. Grieg's home, Troldhaugen, has been converted to a museum. During the late 1990s and early 2000s, Bergen produced a series of successful pop, rock and black metal artists,[114] collectively known as the Bergen Wave.[115][116]
Den Nationale Scene is Bergen's main theater. Founded in 1850, it had Henrik Ibsen as one of its first in-house play-writes and art directors. Bergen's contemporary art scene is centered around BIT Teatergarasjen, Bergen Kunsthall, United Sardines Factory (USF) and Bergen Center for Electronic Arts (BEK). Bergen was a European Capital of Culture in 2000.[117] Buekorps is a unique feature of Bergen culture, consisting of boys aged from 7 to 21 parading with imitation weapons and snare drums.[118][119]
SK Brann is Bergen's premier football team; founded in 1908, they have played in the Norwegian Premier League all but seven years since 1963 and consecutively since 1987. The team has become football champions in 1961–62, 1963 and 2007,[120] and reached the quarter-finals of the Cup Winners' Cup in 1996–97. Brann plays their home games at the 17,824-seat Brann Stadion.[121] FK Fyllingsdalen is the city's second-best team, playing in the Second Divison at Varden Amfi. Its predecessor, Fyllingen, played in the Norwegian Premier League in 1990, 1991 and 1993. Arna-Bjørnar and Sandviken play in the Women's Premier League.
Bergen IK is the premier ice hockey team, playing at Bergenshallen in the First Division. Tertnes plays in the Women's Premier Handball League, and Fyllingen in the Men's Premier Handball League. In athletics, the city is dominated by IL Norna-Salhus, IL Gular and FIK BFG Fana, formerly also Norrøna IL and TIF Viking.
Bergensk is the native dialect of Bergen and a variation of Vestnorsk. It was strongly influenced by Low German-speaking merchants from the mid 14th to mid 18th centuries. During the Dano-Norwegian period from 1536 to 1814, Bergen was more influenced by Danish than other areas of Norway. The Danish influence removed the female grammatical gender in the 16th century, making Bergensk one of very few Norwegian dialects with only two instead of three grammatical genders. The Rs are uvular trills, as in French, which probably spread to Bergen some time in the 18th century, overtaking the alveolar trill in the time span of 2 to 3 generations. Owing to an improved literacy rate, Bergensk was influenced by riksmål and bokmål in the 19th and 20th centuries. This led to large parts of the German-inspired vocabulary disappearing and pronunciations shifting slightly towards East Norwegian.[122]
Sister Cities[link]
Eritrea Asmara
Sweden Göteborg
Germany Lübeck
England Newcastle upon Tyne
Canada Québec City- Germany Rostock
USA Seattle
Finland Åbo
Denmark Århus
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- ^ "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2004". 2007. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/2004/. Retrieved 16 August 2007.
- ^ e.org/web/20071025100212/http://www.nhh.no/omnhh/organisasjon/ "Om NHH" (in Norwegian). 2006. Archived from the original on 25 October 2007. http://web.archiv e.org/web/20071025100212/http://www.nhh.no/omnhh/organisasjon/. Retrieved 16 August 2007.
- ^ "Om Kunsthøgskolen i Bergen" (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 13 December 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071213051453/http://www.khib.no/index.php/khib/organisasjon/om_khib. Retrieved 16 August 2007.
- ^ "About imr" (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 16 January 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080116144616/http://www.imr.no/english/about_imr. Retrieved 2 October 2007.
- ^ "Europe's Secret Capitals". TIME Magazine. 30 August 2004. http://www.time.com/time/europe/secret/opener.html. Retrieved 14 August 2007.
- ^ "Film Location:Bergen". West Norway Film Commission. http://www.wnfc.no/index.php?page=gallery&category=3&id=20. Retrieved 9 October 2007.
- ^ Lars Kvamme and Ingvild Bruaset. "Russerne kommer" (in Norwegian). bt.no. http://www.bt.no/na24/article371611.ece. Retrieved 10 October 2007.
- ^ Frode Buanes and Lars Kvamme (2006). "Sender bergensturister vekk" (in Norwegian). bt.no. http://www.bt.no/lokalt/bergen/article278593.ece. Retrieved 10 October 2007.
- ^ Arild Berg Karlsen and Erik Fossen (2006). "Fulle hoteller møter Stones-fansen" (in Norwegian). bt.no. http://www.bt.no/lokalt/bergen/article273195.ece. Retrieved 10 October 2007.
- ^ Bergen Havn. "Velkommen til Bergen havn – "Inngangen til Fjordene"" (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 18 July 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070718051230/http://www.bergenhavn.no/cruise.asp. Retrieved 14 August 2007.
- ^ a b "Transport to Bergen". Innovation Norway. Archived from the original on 2 May 2012. http://www.visitnorway.com/en/Meetings/Destinations/Bergen/Transport-to-Bergen/. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
- ^ "Passenger statistics" (XLS). Avinor. http://www.avinor.no/tridionimages/11-TB8%20Passasjerer_tcm181-140526.xls. Retrieved 9 April 2012.
- ^ "Flight Timetables". Avinor. http://www.avinor.no/en/airport/bergen/timetables. Retrieved 9 April 2012.
- ^ Eliassen, Jan I. (24 June 2006). "Bergen havn holder koken" (in Norwegian). Bergens Tidende. Archived from the original on 2 May 2012. http://www.bt.no/na24/Bergen-havn-holder-koken-1807073.html. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
- ^ "Cruise ships". Bergen Port Authority. Archived from the original on 2 May 2012. http://www.bergenhavn.no/index.cfm?id=256072. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
- ^ "World Port Rankings 2009". American Association of Port Authorities. Archived from the original on 2 May 2012. http://aapa.files.cms-plus.com/PDFs/WORLD%2520PORT%2520RANKINGS%25202009.pdf. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
- ^ Haga, Anders (24 June 2006). "- Vi har alle vært feige" (in Norwegian). Bergens Tidende. Archived from the original on 2 May 2012. http://www.bt.no/nyheter/lokalt/--Vi-har-alle-vart-feige-2694706.html. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
- ^ "Hurtigbåt- og lokalbåtruter" (in Norwegian). Tide ASA. http://www.tide.no/Default.aspx?pageid=789. Retrieved 16 September 2007.
- ^ "Fjord1 – Ekspressbåter" (in Norwegian). Fjord1. http://www.fjord1.no/default.asp?page=407#scroll. Retrieved 16 September 2007.
- ^ Gunnar Hagen Hartvedt (1994). "bompengering". Bergen Byleksikon: 119–120.
- ^ Norwegian Public Roads Administration (1994). "The Nordhordland Bridge". Archived from the original on 2 June 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060209233657/http://www.vegvesen.no/region_vest/prosjekter/nordhordlandsbrua/brosjyre_1994.pdf.
- ^ deadurl=no "Askøy Bridge". Aas-Jakobsen. Archived from the original on 2 October 2011. http://www.webcitation.org/6284TGM0k deadurl=no. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
- ^ Fjell, Ragnvald (1989) (in Norwegian). Sotrabrua. Fjell: A/S Sotrabrua. p. 5.
- ^ Jahnsen, Jack (2006) (in Norwegian). Fastlandssamband for Bjorøy og Tyssøy. Straume: Fastlandssambandet Tyssøy – Bjorøy. ISBN 82-303-0642-7.
- ^ Jernbaneverket (2007) (PDF). Jernbanestatistikk 2006. Oslo: Jernbaneverket. p. 13. http://www.jernbaneverket.no/multimedia/archive/01720/Jernbanestatistikk_1720406a.pdf.
- ^ Aagesen, Ragnhild (21 September 2010). "Bergen-Arna" (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 20 September 2011. http://www.jernbaneverket.no/no/Prosjekter/Prosjekter/Bergen---Arna/Dette-er-Bergen-Arna/. Retrieved 20 September 2011.
- ^ "About Skyss". Skyss. http://www.skyss.no/nn-NO/GlobalToppMeny1/English/About-Skyss/Company_information/. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
- ^ Aspenberg, Nils Carl (1996). Trolleybussene i Norge. Oslo: Baneforlaget. pp. 96.
- ^ "Signingsferden" (in Norwegian). 2010. http://www.bt.no/nyheter/lokalt/bybanen/Signingsferden-1107192.html. Retrieved 26 June 2010.
- ^ Melhus, Ståle (11 September 2009). "Vil ha bybane til Flesland i 2015" (in Norwegian). Fanaposten. http://www.fanaposten.no/incoming/article927367.ece. Retrieved 7 November 2009.
- ^ Rykka, Ann Kristin and Solfrid Torvund (13 December 2006). "Usamde om bybaneutvidinga" (in Norwegian). Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation. http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/distrikt/hordaland/1.1486016.
- ^ a b c "Avisenes leser- og opplagstall for 2006" (in Norwegian). Mediebedriftenes Landsforening. 2007. http://mediebedriftene.no/index.asp?id=71672. Retrieved oktober 26 2007.
- ^ "Grieghallen: Floor space and capacity". Grieg Hall. http://www.grieghallen.no/facilities/capacity/?l=en. Retrieved 8 September 2007.
- ^ "Bergen Filharmoniske Orkester" (in Norwegian). 2006. http://www.filharmonien.no/. Retrieved 16 August 2007.
- ^ Ann Kristin Frøystad (2003). "Telle: – Angrer ingenting" (in Norwegian). ba.no. http://www.ba.no/puls/article591155.ece. Retrieved 10 October 2007.
- ^ Lars Ursin (2005). "Bløffmakerens guide til Bergensbølgen" (in Norwegian). Bergens Tidende. Archived from the original on 15 October 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071015152917/http://www.bt.no/bergenpuls/article396707. Retrieved 16 August 2007.
- ^ Lars Ursin (2005). "Bergensbølgen tørrlagt på Alarm" (in Norwegian). Bergens Tidende. http://www.bt.no/kultur/musikk/article225748.ece. Retrieved 16 August 2007.
- ^ "European Capitals of Culture 2000–2005". http://ec.europa.eu/culture/eac/other_actions/cap_europ/cap_00_01_02_en.html. Retrieved 16 August 2007.
- ^ "What is a buekorps?". Buekorpsene.com. 2006. http://buekorpsene.com/english/whatisbuekorps.php. Retrieved 10 November 2007.
- ^ "Studenter hestes av buekorps på nettet" (in Norwegian). Studvest.no. http://www.studvest.no/nyhende.php?art_id=270. Retrieved 10 November 2007.
- ^ Ole Ivar Store (2007). "- Gratulerer, Brann!" (in Norwegian). Norges Fotballforbund. http://www.fotball.no/t1.aspx?p=51831&x=1&a=209708. Retrieved 22 October 2007.
- ^ "Stadionfakta" (in Norwegian). Brann.no. 2007. http://www.brann.no/index.php?mapping=210. Retrieved 1 October 2007.
- ^ Nesse, Agnete (2003). Slik ble vi bergensere – Hanseatene og bergensdialekten. Sigma Forlag. ISBN 82-7916-028-0.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Bergen |
- Municipality website in Norwegian and English
- Bergen Guide
- Bergen travel guide from Wikitravel
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http://wn.com/Bergen
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergen
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Jean Arthur | |
|---|---|
 with Ronald Colman in Talk of the Town (1942) |
|
| Born | Gladys Georgianna Greene (1900-10-17)October 17, 1900 Plattsburgh, New York, U.S. |
| Died | June 19, 1991(1991-06-19) (aged 90) Carmel, California, U.S. |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 1923–1966 |
| Spouse |
Julian Anker (m. 1928–1928) «start: (1928)–end+1: (1929)»"Marriage: Julian Anker to Jean Arthur" Location: (linkback:http://en-wiki.pop.wn.com/index.php/Jean_Arthur) annulled |
Jean Arthur (October 17, 1900 – June 19, 1991) was an American actress and a major film star of the 1930s and 1940s. She remains arguably the epitome of the female screwball comedy actress. As James Harvey wrote in his recounting of the era, "No one was more closely identified with the screwball comedy than Jean Arthur. So much was she part of it, so much was her star personality defined by it, that the screwball style itself seems almost unimaginable without her."[1] Arthur has been called "the quintessential comedic leading lady."[2]
Arthur is best known for her feature roles in three Frank Capra films: Mr. Deeds Goes to Town (1936), You Can't Take It With You (1938), and Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939), films that championed the everyday heroine. Her last performance was the memorable—and distinctly non–comedic—role as the rancher's wife in George Stevens' Shane (1953).
Arthur was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress in 1944 for her performance in The More the Merrier (1943).
To the public eye, Arthur was known as a reclusive woman. News magazine Life observed in a 1940 article: "Next to Garbo, Jean Arthur is Hollywood's reigning mystery woman".[3] As well as recoiling from interviews, she avoided photographers and refused to become a part of any kind of publicity.[4]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Arthur was born Gladys Georgianna Greene in Plattsburgh, New York to Protestant parents Johanna Augusta Nelson and Hubert Sidney Greene. She lived off and on in Westbrook, Maine from 1908 to 1915 while her father worked at Lamson Studios in Portland, Maine as a photographer. The product of a nomadic childhood, Arthur also lived at times in Jacksonville, Florida; Schenectady, New York; and, during a portion of her high school years, in the Washington Heights neighborhood of upper Manhattan. She came from a family of three older brothers: Donald Hubert (1891), Robert B. (1892) and Albert Sidney (1894).[5] Her maternal grandparents were immigrants from Norway[6] who settled in the American West. She reputedly took her stage name from two of her greatest heroes, Joan of Arc (Jeanne d'Arc) and King Arthur.
Presaging many of her later film roles, she worked as a stenographer on Bond Street in lower Manhattan during World War I.
Film career[link]
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Silent film career[link]
Discovered by Fox Film Studios while she was doing commercial modeling in New York City in the early 1920s, Arthur debuted in the silent film Cameo Kirby (1923), directed by John Ford, and made a few low-budget silent westerns and short comedies.
Transition to sound film[link]
With the rise of the talkies in the late 1920s, Arthur was among the many silent screen actors of Paramount Pictures initially unwilling to adapt to sound films.[7] Upon realizing that the crave for sound films was not a phase, she met with sound coach Roy Pomeroy. It was her distinctive, throaty voice – in addition to some stage training on Broadway in the early 1930s – that eventually helped make her a star in the talkies. However, it initially prevented directors from casting her in films.[8] In her early talkies, this "throaty" voice is still missing, and it remains unclear whether it has not yet emerged or whether she hid it.[9] Her all-talking film debut was The Canary Murder Case (1929), in which she co-starred opposite William Powell and Louise Brooks. Arthur only impressed a few with the film, and later claimed that at the time that she was a "very poor actress ... awfully anxious to improve, but ... inexperienced so far as genuine training was concerned."[10]
In the early years of talking pictures, Paramount was known for contracting Broadway actors with experienced vocals and impressive background references. Arthur was not among these actors, and struggled for recognition in the film industry. Her personal involvement with rising Paramount executive David O. Selznick – despite his relationship with Irene Mayer Selznick – proved substantial; she was put on the map and became selected as one of the WAMPAS Baby Stars in 1929. Following a silent B-western called Stairs of Sand (1929), she received some positive notices when she played the female lead in the lavish production of The Mysterious Dr. Fu Manchu (1929).[8] Arthur was given more publicity assignments, with which she went along, even though she immediately disliked posing for photographers and giving interviews.[8]
Through Selznick, Arthur received her "best role to date" opposite famous sex symbol Clara Bow in the early sound film The Saturday Night Kid (1929).[11] With two female leads, Arthur was thought to have "the better part", and director Edward Sutherland claimed that "Arthur was so good that we had to cut and cut to keep her from stealing the picture" from Bow.[12] While some argued that Bow resented Arthur for having the "better part",[13] Bow encouraged Arthur to make the most of the production.[12] Arthur later praised her working experience with Bow: "[Bow] was so generous, no snootiness or anything. She was wonderful to me."[14] The film was a moderate success, and The New York Times wrote that the film would have been "merely commonplace, were it not for Jean Arthur, who plays the catty sister with a great deal of skill."[13]
Following a role in Halfway to Heaven (1929) opposite popular actor Charles Rogers, Selznick assigned her to play William Powell's wife in Street of Chance (1930). She did not impress the film's director John Cromwell, who advises the actress to move back to New York, because she would not make it in Hollywood.[13] By 1930, her relationship with Selznick was broken off, causing her career at Paramount to slip off.[15] Following a string of "lifeless ingenue roles" in mediocre films, she debuted on stage in December 1930 with a supporting role in Passadena Playhouse's ten-day run production of Spring Song. Back in Hollywood, Arthur saw her career deteriorating, and she dyed her hair blonde in an attempt to boost her image and avoid comparison with more successful actress Mary Brian.[16] Her effort was not paying off: when her three-year contract at Paramount expired in mid-1931, she was given her release with an announcement from Paramount that the decision was prompted due to financial setbacks caused by the Great Depression.[16]
Broadway and Columbia Pictures[link]
In late 1931, Arthur returned to New York City, where a Broadway agent cast Arthur in adaptation of Lysistrata, which opened at the Riviera Theater on January 24, 1932. A few months later, she made her Broadway debut in Foreign Affairs opposite Dorothy Gish and Osgood Perkins. Even though the play did not fare well and closed after twenty-three performances, critics were impressed by her work on stage.[17] She next won the female lead in The Man Who Reclaimed His Head, which opened on September 8, 1932 at the Broadhurst Theatre to mostly mixed notices for Athur, and negative reviews for the play caused the production to be halted quickly.[18] Arthur returned to California for the holidays, and appeared in the RKO film The Past of Mary Holmes (1933), her first film in two years.
Back on Broadway, Arthur continued to appear in small plays that received little attention. Critics, however, continued to praise her in their reviews. It was argued that in this period, Arthur developed confidence about her acting crafts for the first time.[19] On the contrast between films in Hollywood, and plays in New York, Arthur commented:
I don't think Hollywood is the place to be yourself. The individual ought to find herself before coming to Hollywood. On the stage I found myself to be in a different world. The individual counted. The director encouraged me and I learned how to be myself. [..] I learned to face audiences and to forget them. To see the footlights and not to see them; to gauge the reactions of hundreds of people, and yet to throw myself so completely into a role that I was oblivious to their reaction.[19]
The Curtain Rises, which ran from October to December 1933, was Arthur's first Broadway play in which she was the center of attention.[20] With an improved resume, she returned to Hollywood in late 1933, and turned down several contract offers until she was asked to meet with an executive from Columbia Pictures.[21] Arthur agreed to star in a film, Whirlpool (1934), and during production she was offered a long-term contracted that promised her financial stability for both her and her parents.[21] Even though hesitant to give up her stage career, Arthur signed the five-year contract on February 14, 1934.[22]
In 1935, at age 34, Arthur starred opposite Edward G. Robinson in the gangster farce The Whole Town's Talking, also directed by Ford, and her popularity began to rise. It was Arthur's first time to portray a hard-boiled working girl with a heart of gold, the type of role she would be associated with for the rest of her career.[23] She enjoyed the acting experience and working opposite Robinson, who admitted in his biography that it was a "delight to work with and know" Arthur.[24] By the time of the film's release, her hair, naturally brunette throughout the silent film portion of her career, was bleached blonde and would stay that way. She was famous for maneuvering to be photographed and filmed almost exclusively from the left; Arthur felt that her left was her best side, and worked hard to keep it in the fore. Frank Capra recounted that producer Harry Cohn described Jean Arthur's imbalanced profile as "half of it's angel, and the other half horse."[25]
The turning point in Arthur's career came when she was chosen by director Frank Capra to star in Mr. Deeds Goes to Town. Capra had spotted her in a daily rush[25] from the film Whirlpool in 1934[26] and convinced Cohn to have Columbia Studios sign her for his next film as a tough newspaperwoman who falls in love with a country bumpkin millionaire. Arthur co-starred in three celebrated 1930s Capra films: her role opposite Gary Cooper in 1936 in Mr. Deeds Goes to Town made her a star, while her fame was cemented with You Can't Take It With You (1938) and Mr. Smith Goes to Washington in 1939, both with James Stewart. She was re-teamed with Cooper, playing Calamity Jane in Cecil B. DeMille's The Plainsman (1936), and appeared as a working girl, her typical role, in Mitchell Leisen's 1937 screwball comedy Easy Living, opposite Ray Milland. So strong was her box office appeal by 1939 that she was one of four finalists that year for the role of Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind; the film's producer, David O. Selznick, had briefly romanced Arthur in the late 1920s when they both were with Paramount Pictures.
Arthur continued to star in films such as Howard Hawks' Only Angels Have Wings in 1939, with love interest Cary Grant, 1942's The Talk of the Town, directed by George Stevens (also with Grant), and again for Stevens as a government clerk in 1943's The More the Merrier, for which Arthur was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress (losing to Jennifer Jones in The Song of Bernadette). As a result of being in the doghouse with studio boss Harry Cohn, her fee for The Talk of the Town (1942) was only $50,000, while her male co-stars Grant and Ronald Colman received upwards of $100,000 each. Arthur remained Columbia's top star until the mid-1940s, when she left the studio, and Rita Hayworth took over as the studio's reigning queen. Stevens famously called her "one of the greatest comediennes the screen has ever seen", while Capra credited her as "my favorite actress".[27]
Later career[link]
Arthur "retired" when her contract with Columbia Pictures expired in 1944. She reportedly ran through the studio's streets, shouting "I'm free, I'm free!" For the next several years, she turned down virtually all film offers, the two exceptions being Billy Wilder's A Foreign Affair (1948), in which she played a congresswoman and rival of Marlene Dietrich, and as a homesteader's wife in the classic Western Shane (1953), which turned out to be the biggest box-office hit of her career. The latter was her final film, and the only color film she appeared in.[28]
Arthur's post-retirement work in theater was intermittent, somewhat curtailed by her longstanding shyness and discomfort about her chosen profession.[29] Capra claimed she vomited in her dressing room between scenes, yet emerged each time to perform a flawless take. According to John Oller's biography, Jean Arthur: The Actress Nobody Knew (1997), Arthur developed a kind of stage fright punctuated with bouts of psychosomatic illnesses. A prime example was in 1945, when she was cast in the lead of the Garson Kanin play, Born Yesterday. Her nerves and insecurity got the better of her and she left the production before it reached Broadway, opening the door for Judy Holliday to take the part.
Arthur did score a major triumph on Broadway in 1950, starring in an adaptation of Peter Pan playing the Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up when she was almost 50. She tackled the role of her namesake, Joan of Arc, in a 1954 stage production of George Bernard Shaw's Saint Joan, but she left the play after a nervous breakdown and battles with director Harold Clurman.
Retirement[link]
In 1966, the extremely reclusive Arthur tentatively returned to show business, playing Patricia Marshall, an attorney, on her own television sitcom, The Jean Arthur Show, which was canceled mid-season by CBS after only 12 episodes. Ron Harper played her son, attorney Paul Marshall.
In 1967, Arthur was coaxed back to Broadway to appear as a midwestern spinster who falls in with a group of hippies in the play The Freaking Out of Stephanie Blake. William Goldman, in his book The Season reconstructed the disastrous production, which eventually closed during previews when Arthur refused to go on.
Arthur next decided to teach drama, first at Vassar College and then the North Carolina School of the Arts. While teaching at Vassar, she stopped a rather stridently overacted scene performance and directed the students' attention to a large tree growing outside the window of the performance space, advising the students on the art of naturalistic acting: "I wish people knew how to be people as well as that tree knows how to be a tree."
Her students at Vassar included the young Meryl Streep. Arthur recognized Streep's talent and potential very early on and after watching her performance in a Vassar play, Arthur said it was "like watching a movie star."
While living in North Carolina, Arthur made front page news by being arrested and jailed for trespassing on a neighbor's property to console a dog she felt was being mistreated. An animal lover her entire life, Arthur said she trusted them more than people.
Arthur turned down the role of the lady missionary in Lost Horizon (1973), the unsuccessful musical remake of the 1937 Frank Capra film of the same name. Then, in 1975, the Broadway play First Monday in October, about the first female Supreme Court justice, was written especially with Arthur in mind, but once again she succumbed to extreme stage fright and quit the production shortly into its out-of-town run in Cleveland. The play went on with Jane Alexander playing the role intended for Arthur.[30]
After the First Monday in October incident, Arthur then retired for good, retreating to her oceanside home in Carmel, California, steadfastly refusing interviews until her resistance was broken down by the author of a book on her one-time director Capra.[citation needed] Arthur once famously said that she’d rather have her throat slit than do an interview.[31]
Marriages[link]
Arthur's first marriage, to photographer Julian Anker in 1928, was annulled after one day.[32] She married producer Frank Ross, Jr., in 1932. They divorced in 1949.[33] Arthur did not have any children.
Death and legacy[link]
Arthur died from heart failure at the age of 90.[33] Her ashes were scattered at sea near Carmel-by-the-Sea, California.[34] It is unknown if she had heard of the death of Joan Caulfield, who had married Frank Ross, Jr., after Arthur's divorce from him. She had died the day before Arthur at the age of 69.
Upon her death film reviewer Charles Champlin wrote the following in the Los Angeles Times:
To at least one teenager in a small town (though I’m sure we were a multitude), Jean Arthur suggested strongly that the ideal woman could be – ought to be – judged by her spirit as well as her beauty … The notion of the woman as a friend and confidante, as well as someone you courted and were nuts about, someone whose true beauty was internal rather than external, became a full-blown possibility as we watched Jean Arthur.[35]
For her contribution to the motion picture industry, Jean Arthur has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6331 Hollywood Blvd. The Jean Arthur Atrium was her gift to the Monterey Institute of International Studies in Monterey, California.
Alternative country artist Robbie Fulks included a song titled "Jean Arthur" on his 1999 compilation, The Very Best of Robbie Fulks. The track expounds on the actress's unique personality and style.
Selected filmography[link]
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1923 | Cameo Kirby | Ann Playdell | |
| 1924 | Wine of Youth | Automobile Reveler | Uncredited |
| 1925 | Seven Chances | Receptionist at country club | Uncredited |
| 1926 | Under Fire | Margaret Cranston | |
| 1926 | Mad Racer, TheThe Mad Racer | Short subject | |
| 1927 | Winners of the Wilderness | Bit Role | Uncredited |
| 1927 | Masked Menace, TheThe Masked Menace | Faith | |
| 1927 | Husband Hunters | Lettie Crane | |
| 1928 | Warming Up | Mary Post | |
| 1929 | Canary Murder Case, TheThe Canary Murder Case | Alice LaFosse | |
| 1929 | Stairs of Sand | Ruth Hutt | |
| 1929 | Mysterious Dr. Fu Manchu, TheThe Mysterious Dr. Fu Manchu | Lia Eltham | |
| 1929 | Greene Murder CaseThe Greene Murder Case | Ada Greene | |
| 1929 | Saturday Night Kid, TheThe Saturday Night Kid | Janie | Alternative title: Love 'Em and Leave 'Em |
| 1930 | Street of Chance | Judith Marsden | |
| 1930 | Paramount on Parade | Sweetheart (Dream Girl/In a Hospital) | |
| 1930 | Return of Dr. Fu Manchu, TheThe Return of Dr. Fu Manchu | Lia Eltham | |
| 1930 | Danger Lights | Mary Ryan | |
| 1930 | Silver Horde, TheThe Silver Horde | Mildred Wayland | |
| 1931 | Lawyer's Secret, TheThe Lawyer's Secret | Beatrice Stevens | |
| 1933 | Past of Mary Holmes, TheThe Past of Mary Holmes | Joan Hoyt | |
| 1933 | Get That Venus | Margaret Rendleby | |
| 1934 | Whirlpool | Sandra Morrison | |
| 1935 | Whole Town's Talking, TheThe Whole Town's Talking | Wilhelmina "Bill" Clark | Alternative title: Passport to Fame |
| 1935 | Party Wire | Marge Oliver | |
| 1935 | Public Hero No. 1 | Maria Theresa "Terry" O'Reilly | |
| 1935 | Diamond Jim | Jane Matthews/Emma | |
| 1935 | Public Menace, TheThe Public Menace | Cassie Nicholls | |
| 1935 | If You Could Only Cook | Joan Hawthorne | |
| 1936 | Mr. Deeds Goes to Town | Babe Bennett | |
| 1936 | Ex-Mrs. Bradford, TheThe Ex-Mrs. Bradford | Paula Bradford | |
| 1936 | Adventure in Manhattan | Claire Peyton | Alternative title: Manhattan Madness |
| 1936 | Plainsman, TheThe Plainsman | Calamity Jane | |
| 1936 | More Than a Secretary | Carol Baldwin | |
| 1937 | History Is Made at Night | Irene Vail | |
| 1937 | Easy Living | Mary Smith | |
| 1938 | You Can't Take It with You | Alice Sycamore | |
| 1939 | Only Angels Have Wings | Bonnie Lee | |
| 1939 | Mr. Smith Goes to Washington | Clarissa Saunders | |
| 1940 | Too Many Husbands | Vicky Lowndes | Alternative title: My Two Husbands |
| 1940 | Arizona | Phoebe Titus | |
| 1941 | Devil and Miss Jones, TheThe Devil and Miss Jones | Mary Jones | |
| 1942 | Talk of the Town, TheThe Talk of the Town | Miss Nora Shelley | |
| 1943 | More the Merrier, TheThe More the Merrier | Constance "Connie" Milligan | Nominated—Academy Award for Best Actress |
| 1943 | Lady Takes a Chance, AA Lady Takes a Chance | Molly J. Truesdale | Alternative title: The Cowboy and the Girl |
| 1944 | Impatient Years, TheThe Impatient Years | Janie Anderson | |
| 1948 | Foreign Affair, AA Foreign Affair | Congresswoman Phoebe Frost | |
| 1953 | Shane | Marian Starrett |
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1965 | Gunsmoke | Julie Blane | 1 episode |
| 1966 | Jean Arthur Show, TheThe Jean Arthur Show | Patricia Marshall | 11 episodes |
References[link]
- Notes
- ^ Harvey 1987, p. 351.
- ^ Osborne, Robert. "Dedication at 17-film salute to Jean Arthur." Turner Classic Movies (broadcast), January 2007.
- ^ Oller 1997, p. 1.
- ^ Oller 1997, p. 2.
- ^ 1900 US Census Plattsburgh, New York and 1910 US Census, Cumberland, Maine.
- ^ "Genealogy: Jean Arthur." Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com, August 14, 2010.
- ^ Oller 1997, p. 51.
- ^ a b c Oller 1997, p. 58.
- ^ Oller 1997, p. 52.
- ^ Oller 1997, p. 53.
- ^ Oller 1997, p. 60.
- ^ a b Stenn 1988, p. 178.
- ^ a b c Oller 1997, p. 61.
- ^ Stenn 1988, p. 179.
- ^ Oller 1997, p. 62.
- ^ a b Oller 1997, p. 64.
- ^ Oller 1997, p. 69.
- ^ Oller 1997, p. 70.
- ^ a b Oller 1997, p. 71.
- ^ Oller 1997, p. 72.
- ^ a b Oller 1997, p. 73.
- ^ Oller 1997, p. 34.
- ^ Oller 1997, p. 81.
- ^ Oller 1997, p. 82.
- ^ a b Capra 1971, p. 184.
- ^ Oller 1997, p. 84.
- ^ Capra 1971, pp. 184–185.
- ^ Anthony, Elizabeth. "Jean Arthur at Screen Classics." Reelclassics.com, July 21, 2010. Retrieved: August 14, 2010.
- ^ "TCM Movie Database: Jean Arthur." Tcmdb.com, August 14, 2010.
- ^ "First Monday in October." ibdb.com. Retrieved: January 5, 2012.
- ^ Parish 2002, p. 92.
- ^ Oliver, Myrna. "Jean Arthur Dies; Comedy Film Star of the '30s and '40s." Articles.latimes.com, July 20, 1991. Retrieved: August 14, 2010.
- ^ a b Sarvady et al. 2006, p. 17.
- ^ Duncan, Paul. "Jean Arthur". findagrave.com, January 1, 2001. Retrieved: February 26, 2009.
- ^ Champlin, Charles. "An Appreciation – Jean Arthur's Legacy of Indelible Performances – Movies: The actress, who died Wednesday at 90, brought a striking beauty, a unique voice and spirit to the roles that established her fame." Los Angeles Times, June 20, 1991. Retrieved: September 3, 2009.
- Bibliography
- Capra, Frank. Frank Capra, The Name Above the Title: An Autobiography. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1971. ISBN 0-306-80771-8.
- Harvey, James. Romantic Comedy in Hollywood: From Lubitsch to Sturges. New York: Knopf, 1987. ISBN 0-394-50339-2.
- Oller, John. 8217-6835668?ie=UTF8&qid=1198652190&sr=8- Jean Arthur: The Actress Nobody Knew. New York: Limelight Editions, 1997. ISBN 0-87910-278-0.
- Parish, James Robert. The Hollywood Book of Death: The Bizarre, Often Sordid, Passings of More Than 125 American Movie and TV Idols. New York: Contemporary Books, 2002. ISBN 0-8092-2227-2.
- Parish, James Robert. The Hollywood Book of Extravagance: The Totally Infamous... Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons, 2007. ISBN 978-0-470-05205-1.
- Sarvady, Andrea, Molly Haskell and Frank Miller. Leading Ladies: The 50 Most Unforgettable Actresses of the Studio Era. San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2006. ISBN 0-8118-5248-2.
- Stenn, David. Clara Bow: Runnin' Wild. New York: Doubleday, 1988. ISBN 0-385-24125-9.
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Jean Arthur |
- Jean Arthur at the Internet Movie Database
- Jean Arthur at the TCM Movie Database
- Jean Arthur at the Internet Broadway Database
- Jean Arthur at AllRovi
- Jean Arthur at Find a Grave
- Literature on Jean Arthur
- Turner Classic Movies "Star of the Month" Profile
- Soares, Andre: Jean Arthur on TCM, Alternative Film Guide
- Gouveia, Michele: The Girl with the Croak: Jean Arthur
- Atkinson, Michael: Jean Therapy
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Arthur, Jean |
| Alternative names | Greene, Gladys Georgianna |
| Short description | Actress |
| Date of birth | October 17, 1900 |
| Place of birth | Plattsburgh, New York, U.S. |
| Date of death | June 19, 1991 |
| Place of death | Carmel, California, U.S. |
http://wn.com/Jean_Arthur
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Arthur
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Dorothy Lamour | |
|---|---|
 in Road to Bali (1952) |
|
| Born | Mary Leta Dorothy Slaton (1914-12-10)December 10, 1914 New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S. |
| Died | September 22, 1996(1996-09-22) (aged 81) Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 1933—94 |
| Spouse | Herbie Kay (1935–39) William Ross Howard III (1943–78) 2 children |
| Website | |
| http://dorothylamour.com/ | |
Dorothy Lamour (December 10, 1914 – September 22, 1996) was an American film actress. She is best remembered for appearing in the Road to... movies, a series of successful comedies starring Bing Crosby and Bob Hope.[1]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Lamour was born Mary Leta Dorothy Slaton in New Orleans, Louisiana, the daughter of Carmen Louise (née LaPorte) and John Watson Slaton, both of whom were waiters.[2] Lamour was of French Louisianan, Spanish and Irish descent.[3] Her parents' marriage lasted only a few years, with her mother re-marrying to Clarence Lambour, and Dorothy took his last name. That marriage also ended in divorce when Dorothy was a teenager.
In 1935, she had her own fifteen-minute weekly musical program on NBC Radio. She also sang on the popular Rudy Vallee radio show and The Chase and Sanborn Hour.
Early in her career, Lamour met J. Edgar Hoover, director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. According to Hoover's biographer Richard Hack,[4] Hoover pursued Lamour romantically, but she was initially interested only in friendship with him. Hoover and Lamour remained close friends to the end of Hoover's life, and after his 1972 death, Lamour did not deny rumors that she'd had an affair with him in the years after she divorced Herbie Kay. However, this appears nowhere in her memoirs My Side of the Road (Prentice-Hall, 1980) ISBN 0-13-218594-6.
Career[link]
In 1936, she moved to Hollywood and began appearing regularly in films for Paramount Pictures. The role that made her a star was Ulah (a sort of female Tarzan) in The Jungle Princess (1936). She wore a sarong, which would become associated with her. While she first achieved stardom as a sex symbol, Lamour also showed talent as both a comic and dramatic actress. She was among the most popular actresses in motion pictures from 1936 to 1952.
She starred in the "Road to..." movie series with Bing Crosby and Bob Hope in the 1940s and 1950s. The movies were enormously popular during the 1940s, and they regularly placed among the top moneymaking films each year. While the films centered more on Hope and Crosby, Lamour held her own as their "straight man", looked beautiful, and sang some of her most popular songs. Her contribution to the films was considered by the public and theater owners of equal importance to that of Crosby and Hope during the series' golden era, 1940-1952. The series essentially ended with the release of Road to Bali in 1952, with her career declining while co-stars Hope and Crosby remained major show business figures.
During the World War II years, Lamour was among the most popular pinup girls among American servicemen, along with Betty Grable, Rita Hayworth, Lana Turner and Veronica Lake. Lamour was also largely responsible for starting up the war bond tours in which movie stars would travel the country selling U.S. government bonds to the public. Lamour alone promoted the sale of over $21 million dollars worth of war bonds, and other stars promoted the sale of a billion more.
Some of Lamour's other notable films include John Ford's The Hurricane (1937), Spawn of the North (1938; with George Raft, Henry Fonda, and John Barrymore), Disputed Passage (1939), Johnny Apollo (1940; with Tyrone Power), Aloma of the South Seas (1941), Beyond the Blue Horizon (1942), Dixie (1943; with Bing Crosby), A Medal for Benny (1945), My Favorite Brunette (1947; with Bob Hope), On Our Merry Way (1948) and a supporting role in the best picture Oscar-winner The Greatest Show on Earth (1952; with Charlton Heston). Her other leading men included William Holden, Ray Milland, James Stewart, Jack Benny, and Fred MacMurray.
Dorothy Lamour starred in a number of movie musicals and sang in many of her comedies and dramatic films as well. She introduced a number of standards, including "The Moon of Manakoora", "I Remember You", "It Could Happen to You", "Personality", and "But Beautiful".
Lamour's film career petered out in the early 1950s, and she began a new career as a nightclub entertainer and occasional stage actress. In the 1960s, she returned to the screen for secondary roles in three films, including John Ford's Donovan's Reef (1963) with John Wayne and Lee Marvin, and became more active in the legitimate theater, headlining a road company of Hello Dolly! for over a year near the end of the decade.
Later career[link]
Lamour's good humor and lack of pretension allowed her to have a remarkably long career in show business for someone best known as a glamour girl. She was a popular draw on the dinner theatre circuit of the 1970s. In the 1960s and 1970s, she lived with her longtime husband William Ross Howard III (whom she married in 1943), in the Baltimore suburb of Sudbrook Park.[5] He died in 1978. Lamour published her autobiography My Side of the Road in 1980, revived her nightclub act, and performed in plays and television shows such as Hart to Hart, Crazy Like a Fox, Remington Steele and Murder, She Wrote.
During the 1990s, she made only a handful of professional appearances but she remained a popular interview subject for publications and TV talk and news programs. In 1995, the musical Swinging on a Star, a revue of songs written by Johnny Burke opened on Broadway and ran for three months; Lamour was credited as a "special advisor". Burke wrote many of the most famous "Road to..." movie songs as well as the score to Lamour's And the Angels Sing. The musical was nominated for the Best Musical Tony Award and the actress playing "Dorothy Lamour" in the Road movie segment, Kathy Fitzgerald, was also nominated.
Death[link]
Lamour died in her sleep at her home in North Hollywood, California at the age of 81 from a heart attack. She was interred in the Forest Lawn, Hollywood Hills Cemetery in Los Angeles, California.
Filmography[link]
Features[link]
- Footlight Parade (1933)
- College Holiday (1936)
- The Jungle Princess (1936)
- Swing High, Swing Low (1937)
- The Last Train from Madrid (1937)
- High, Wide, and Handsome (1937)
- The Hurricane (1937)
- Thrill of a Lifetime (1937)
- The Big Broadcast of 1938 (1938)
- Her Jungle Love (1938)
- Tropic Holiday (1938)
- Spawn of the North (1938)
- St. Louis Blues (1939)
- Man About Town (1939)
- Disputed Passage (1939)
- Road to Singapore (1940)
- Johnny Apollo (1940)
- Typhoon (1940)
- Moon Over Burma (1940)
- Chad Hanna (1940)
- Road to Zanzibar (1941)
- Caught in the Draft (1941)
- Aloma of the South Seas (1941)
- The Fleet's In (1942)
- Beyond the Blue Horizon (1942)
- Road to Morocco (1942)
- Star Spangled Rhythm (1942)
- They Got Me Covered (1943)
- Dixie (1943)
- Riding High (1943)
- And the Angels Sing (1944)
- Rainbow Island (1944)
- A Medal for Benny (1945)
- Duffy's Tavern (1945)
- Masquerade in Mexico (1945)
- Road to Utopia (1946)
- My Favorite Brunette (1947)
- Variety Girl (1947)
- Wild Harvest (1947)
- Road to Rio (1947)
- On Our Merry Way (1948)
- Lulu Belle (film) (1948)
- The Girl from Manhattan (1948)
- The Lucky Stiff (1949)
- Slightly French (1949)
- Manhandled (1949)
- Here Comes the Groom (1951) (Cameo)
- The Greatest Show on Earth (1952)
- Road to Bali (1952)
- The Road to Hong Kong (1962) (cameo)
- Donovan's Reef (1963)
- Pajama Party (1964)
- The Phynx (1970)
- Won Ton Ton, the Dog Who Saved Hollywood (1976) (cameo)
- Creepshow 2 (1987)
Short subjects[link]
- The Stars Can't Be Wrong (1936)
- Hollywood Handicap (1938)
- Meet the Stars #1: Chinese Garden Festival (1940)
- Show Business at War (1943)
- Unusual Occupations: Film Tot Holiday (1947)
- Screen Snapshots: Hollywood Shower of Stars (1955)
Books[link]
Lamour was the heroine of a novel, Dorothy Lamour and the Haunted Lighthouse (1947, by Matilda Bailey), where "the heroine has the same name and appearance as the famous actress but has no connection ... it is as though the famous actress has stepped into an alternate reality in which she is an ordinary person." The story was written for a young teenage audience and is reminiscent of the adventures of Nancy Drew. It is part of a series known as "Whitman Authorized Editions", 16 books published between 1941-1947 that featured a film actress as heroine.[6]
The real Lamour's autobiography, My Side of the Road, was published by Prentice-Hall in 1980.[7]
She also had a brief print run of 2-3 issues during the 1950s in "Dorothy Lamour Jungle Princess Comics" - A series of comic books dedicated to her movie Jungle Princess persona. (featuring screen shots from past movies as the covers.)
Notes[link]
- ^ Severo, Richard (September 23, 1996). "Dorothy Lamour, 81, Sultry Sidekick in Road Films, Dies". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/23/us/dorothy-lamour-81-sultry-sidekick-in-road-films-dies.html?scp=66&sq=murder%20she%20wrote&st=cse. Retrieved 2010-08-20.
- ^ Dorothy Lamour: 1914-1996 By RICHARD SEVERO
- ^ Mary Leta Dorothy Slaton Google Book search
- ^ Hack, Richard Puppetmaster: The Secret Life of J. Edgar Hoover. (2007). Phoenix Books. ISBN 1-59777-512-6
- ^ http://sudbrookpark.com/docs/1984_Baltimore_Magazine.pdf
- ^ Whitman Authorized Editions for Girls, accessed September 10, 2009
- ^ My Side of the Road by Dorothy Lamour on Goodreads.com, accessed April 17, 2010
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Dorothy Lamour |
|
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Dorothy Lamour |
- Dorothy Lamour at the Internet Broadway Database
- Dorothy Lamour at the Internet Movie Database
- Dorothy Lamour at the TCM Movie Database
- Post-Blitz Clydebank — a documentary about Clydebank, Scotland from 1947 to 1952, featuring Dorothy Lamour
- Photographs of Dorothy Lamour
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Lamour, Dorothy |
| Alternative names | Slaton, Mary Leta Dorothy |
| Short description | Actress, singer |
| Date of birth | December 10, 1914 |
| Place of birth | New Orleans, Louisian U.S. |
| Date of death | September 22, 1996 |
| Place of death | Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
http://wn.com/Dorothy_Lamour
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy_Lamour
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Orson Welles | |
|---|---|
 Welles in 1937 (age 21) photographed by Carl Van Vechten |
|
| Born | George Orson Welles (1915-05-06)May 6, 1915 Kenosha, Wisconsin, U.S. |
| Died | October 10, 1985(1985-10-10) (aged 70) Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Cause of death | Heart attack |
| Resting place | Cremated |
| Nationality | American |
| Citizenship | United States |
| Alma mater | Todd School for Boys |
| Occupation | Actor, film director, theatre director, screenwriter, playwright, film producer, radio personality |
| Years active | 1931–85 |
| Influenced by | John Ford, William Shakespeare, Fritz Lang, Joseph Conrad |
| Influenced | Tim Burton, Christopher Nolan, John Carpenter, Stanley Kubrick, Martin Scorsese, Paul Thomas Anderson |
| Height | 6'1" |
| Spouse | Virginia Nicholson (1934–40) Rita Hayworth (1943–48) Paola Mori (1955–85) |
| Partner | Dolores del Río (1938–41) Oja Kodar (1966–85) |
| Parents | Richard Hodgdon Head Welles, Beatrice Ives |
| Awards | 1941 Best Writing (Original Screenplay) for Citizen Kane 1970 Academy Honorary Award |
| Signature |  |
George Orson Welles (May 6, 1915 – October 10, 1985) was an American actor, director, writer and producer who worked extensively in theater, radio and film. He is best remembered for his innovative work in all three media, most notably Caesar (1937), a groundbreaking Broadway adaption of Julius Caesar and the debut of the Mercury Theatre; The War of the Worlds (1938), the most famous broadcast in the history of radio; and Citizen Kane (1941), which many critics and scholars name as the best film of all time.
After directing a number of high-profile theatrical productions in his early twenties, including an innovative adaptation of Macbeth and The Cradle Will Rock, Welles found national and international fame as the director and narrator of a 1938 radio adaptation of H. G. Wells' novel The War of the Worlds performed for the radio drama anthology series Mercury Theatre on the Air. It was reported to have caused widespread panic when listeners thought that an invasion by extraterrestrial beings was occurring. Although these reports of panic were mostly false and overstated,[1] they rocketed Welles to instant notoriety.
His first film was Citizen Kane (1941), which he co-wrote, produced, directed, and starred in as Charles Foster Kane. It is often considered the greatest film ever made. Welles was always an outsider to the studio system and directed only 13 full-length films in his career. While he struggled for creative control in the face of studios, many of his films were heavily edited and others were left unreleased. His distinctive directorial style featured layered and nonlinear narrative forms, innovative uses of lighting such as chiaroscuro, unusual camera angles, sound techniques borrowed from radio, deep focus shots, and long takes. He has been praised as a major creative force and as "the ultimate auteur."[2] Welles followed up Citizen Kane with other critically acclaimed films, including The Magnificent Ambersons in 1942, and Touch of Evil in 1958.
In 2002, Welles was voted the greatest film director of all time in two separate British Film Institute polls among directors and critics,[3][4] and a wide survey of critical consensus, best-of lists, and historical retrospectives calls him the most acclaimed director of all time.[5] Well known for his baritone voice,[6] Welles was also a well regarded actor and was voted number 16 in AFI's 100 Years... 100 Stars list of the greatest American film actors of all time. He was also a celebrated Shakespearean stage actor and an accomplished magician, starring in troop variety shows in the war years.
Early life[link]
Welles was born May 6, 1915, in Kenosha, Wisconsin, son of Richard Hodgdon Head Welles (1873, Missouri – December 28, 1930, Chicago, Illinois) and Beatrice (née Ives; 1882 or 1883, Springfield, Illinois – May 10, 1924, Chicago, Illinois).[7] He was raised Roman Catholic.[8] Despite his parents' affluence, Welles encountered many hardships in childhood. In 1919, his parents separated and moved to Chicago. His father, who had made a fortune as the inventor of a popular bicycle lamp,[9] became an alcoholic and stopped working. Welles's mother, a concert pianist, played during lectures by Dudley Crafts Watson at the Chicago Art Institute to support her son and herself (the oldest Welles boy, "Dickie", had been institutionalized at an early age because he had learning difficulties). Beatrice died of jaundice in 1924 in a Chicago hospital a few days after Welles's ninth birthday.[10] After his mother's death, Welles ceased pursuing his interest in music. He was taken in by Dudley Crafts Watson and lived with the family at Watson's family home, "Trillium Dell", on Marshman Avenue in Highland Park, Illinois. At the age of ten, Orson with Watson's third daughter, Marjorie (of the same age), ran away from home. They were found a week later, singing and dancing for money on a street corner in Milwaukee. His father died when Orson was 15 during the summer after Orson's graduation from Todd School for Boys, an independent school in Woodstock, Illinois. Maurice Bernstein, a physician from Chicago, became his guardian.
At Todd School, Welles came under the influence of Roger Hill, a teacher who later became Todd's headmaster. Hill provided Welles with an ad hoc educational environment that proved invaluable to his creative experience, allowing Welles to concentrate on subjects that interested him. Welles performed and staged his first theatrical experiments and productions there. Following graduation from Todd, Welles was awarded a scholarship to Harvard University. Rather than enrolling, he chose to travel. Later, he briefly studied for a time at the Art Institute of Chicago.[11] He returned a number of times to Woodstock to direct his alma mater's student productions.
Early career (1931–1934)[link]
After his father's death, Welles traveled to Europe with the aid of a small inheritance. Welles later reported that while on a walking and painting trip through Ireland, he strode into the Gate Theatre in Dublin and claimed he was a Broadway star. The manager of Gate, Hilton Edwards, later said he had not believed him but was impressed by his brashness and some impassioned quality in his audition.[12] Welles made his stage debut at the Gate in 1931, appearing in Jew Suss as the Duke. He acted to great acclaim, which reached the United States. He performed smaller supporting roles as well. On returning to the United States he found his fame ephemeral and turned to a writing project at Todd School that would become the immensely successful Everybody's Shakespeare and subsequently, The Mercury Shakespeare. Welles traveled to North Africa while working on thousands of illustrations for the Everybody's Shakespeare series of educational books, a series that remained in print for decades.
An introduction by Thornton Wilder led Welles to the New York stage. In 1933, he toured in three off-Broadway productions with Katharine Cornell's company, including two roles in Romeo and Juliet.[13] Restless and impatient when the planned Broadway opening of Romeo and Juliet was canceled, Welles staged a drama festival of his own with the Todd School, inviting Micheál Mac Liammóir and Hilton Edwards from Dublin's Gate Theatre to appear, along with New York stage luminaries. It was a roaring success. The subsequent revival of Cornell's Romeo and Juliet brought Welles to the notice of John Houseman, who was casting for an unusual lead actor for the lead role in the Federal Theatre Project.
By 1935 Welles was supplementing his earnings in the theater as a radio actor in Manhattan, working with many of the actors who would later form the core of his Mercury Theatre. He married Chicago actress Virginia Nicholson in 1934 and that year he shot an eight-minute silent short film, The Hearts of Age with her. The couple had one daughter, Christopher. She made her only film appearance in 1948, taking the role of Macduff's son in Welles's film Macbeth and later became known as Chris Welles Feder, an author of educational materials for children.
Theatre and radio (1936–1940)[link]
Federal Theatre Project[link]
[edit] Macbeth
Main article: Voodoo Macbeth
In 1936, the Federal Theatre Project (part of Roosevelt's Works Progress Administration) put unemployed theater performers and employees to work. Welles was hired by John Houseman and assigned to direct a play for the Federal Theatre Project's Negro Theater Unit. He offered them Macbeth.[14] The production became known as the Voodoo Macbeth, because Welles set it in the Haitian court of King Henri Christophe, with voodoo witch doctors for the three Weird Sisters. Jack Carter played Macbeth. The incidental music was composed by Virgil Thomson. The play opened April 14, 1936, at the Lafayette Theatre in Harlem and was received rapturously. It later toured the nation. When the lead actor, Maurice Ellis, fell ill on tour, Welles quickly boarded an airplane to fly to the location and stepped into the part, playing the role in blackface.[15] At the age of 20, Welles was hailed as a prodigy. A few minutes of the Welles production of Macbeth was recorded on film in a 1937 documentary called We Work Again.[16]
[edit] Horse Eats Hat
Main article: Horse Eats Hat
After the success of Macbeth, Welles mounted the farce Horse Eats Hat, an adaptation by Welles and Edwin Denby of Eugène Labiche's play, Un Chapeau de Paille d'Italie.[17] The play was presented September 26 – December 5, 1936, at Maxine Elliott's Theatre, New York.[18]:334 Joseph Cotten was featured in his first starring role.[19]
[edit] The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus
Welles consolidated his "White Hope" reputation with Dr. Faustus, which used light as a prime unifying scenic element in a nearly blacked-out stage.
Faustus was presented January 8 – May 9, 1937, at Maxine Elliott's Theatre, New York.[18]:335
[edit] The Second Hurricane
In 1937 American composer Aaron Copland chose Welles to direct The Second Hurricane, an operetta with a libretto by Edwin Denby that is one of Copland's least known works. Presented at the Henry Street Settlement Music School in New York for the benefit of high school students, the production opened April 21, 1937, and ran for its scheduled three performances.[18]:337 Among the few adult performers in the production was actor Joseph Cotten, Welles's longtime friend and collaborator, who was paid $10 for his performance.[20]
[edit] The Cradle Will Rock
Main article: The Cradle Will Rock
In 1937, Welles rehearsed Marc Blitzstein's highly political operetta, The Cradle Will Rock. It was originally scheduled to open June 16, 1937, in its first public preview. Because of severe federal cutbacks in the Works Progress projects, the show's premiere at the Maxine Elliott Theatre was canceled. The theater was locked and guarded to prevent any of the government-purchased materials being used for a commercial production of the work. In a last-minute move, Welles announced to waiting ticket-holders that the show was being transferred to the Venice, about twenty blocks away. Some cast, as well as some crew and audience, walked the distance on foot. The union musicians refused to perform in a commercial theater for lower non-union government wages. The actors' union stated that the production belonged to the Federal Theater Project and could not be performed outside that context without permission. Lacking the participation of the union members, The Cradle Will Rock began with Blitzstein introducing the show and playing the piano accompaniment on stage with some cast members performing their parts from the audience. This impromptu performance was well received by its audience. It afterward played at the Venice for two weeks in the same informal way.
Mercury Theatre[link]
Main article: Mercury Theatre
Resigning from the Federal Theatre, Welles and Houseman formed the Mercury Theatre, of which Welles became executive producer and whose repertory company eventually included actors such as Agnes Moorehead, Joseph Cotten, Dolores del Río, Ray Collins, George Coulouris, Frank Readick, Everett Sloane, Eustace Wyatt and Erskine Sanford, all of whom would continue to work for Welles for years. The first Mercury Theatre production was a melodramatic and heavily edited version of William Shakespeare's tragedy Julius Caesar, set in a contemporary frame of fascist Italy. Cinna the Poet dies at the hands not of a mob but of a secret police force. According to Norman Lloyd, who played Cinna the Poet, "it stopped the show." The applause lasted more than ten minutes and the production was widely acclaimed.
In the second year of the Mercury Theater, Welles shifted his interests to radio as an actor, director and producer. He played Hamlet for CBS on The Columbia Workshop, while adapting and directing the play. In July 1937, the Mutual Network gave him a seven-week series to adapt Les Misérables, which he did with great success. That September, Mutual chose Welles to play Lamont Cranston, aka The Shadow, anonymously and in the summer of 1938 CBS gave him (and the Mercury Theatre) a weekly hour-long show to broadcast radio plays based on classic literary works. The show was titled The Mercury Theatre on the Air, with original music by Bernard Herrmann, who would continue working with Welles on radio and in films for years.
[edit] The War of the Worlds broadcast
Main article: The War of the Worlds (radio drama)
Their October 30, 1938 radio adaptation of The War of the Worlds by H. G. Wells brought Welles instant fame. The combination of the news bulletin form of the performance with the between-breaks dial spinning habits of listeners from the rival and far more popular Edgar Bergen/Charlie McCarthy program was later reported in the media to have created widespread confusion among listeners who failed to hear the introduction, although the extent of this confusion has recently come into question.[1][21][22] Panic was reported to have spread (after citation from rumors) among many listeners who believed the news reports of a Martian invasion. The myth of the result created by the combination was reported as fact around the world and disparagingly mentioned by Adolf Hitler in a public speech a few months later.[23] The 1975 docudrama The Night That Panicked America was based on events centering around the production of, and events that resulted from, the program.
Welles's growing fame soon drew Hollywood offers, lures which the independent-minded Welles resisted at first. The Mercury Theatre on the Air, which had been a "sustaining show" (without sponsorship) was picked up by Campbell Soup and renamed The Campbell Playhouse.[24]
On October 28, 1940, Welles met H.G. Wells in San Antonio, Texas; a local radio station KTSA recorded the conversation, which was likely the only meeting between the two.
Hollywood (1939–1948)[link]
RKO Radio Pictures president George Schaefer eventually offered Welles what generally is considered the greatest contract ever offered to an untried director: complete artistic control. RKO signed Welles in a two-picture deal; including script, cast, crew, and most importantly, final cut, although Welles had a budget limit for his projects. With this contract in hand, Welles (and nearly the entire Mercury Theatre troupe) moved to Hollywood. He commuted weekly to New York to maintain his commitment to The Campbell Playhouse. (DEBATE: Film historians have cast doubt on the accuracy of this claim of complete control. Based on much later access to the said contract, UK film critic Alexander Walker averred, in a BBC radio documentary about Kane, that Welles did NOT have final cut of his films. Something that would seem to be confirmed by RKO's mashing of Welles' follow-up movie to Kane, "The Magnificent Ambersons"?).
Welles toyed with various ideas for his first project for RKO Radio Pictures, settling on an adaptation of Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness, which he worked on in great detail. He planned to film the action with a subjective camera (a technique later used in the Robert Montgomery film Lady in the Lake). When a budget was drawn up, RKO's enthusiasm cooled because it was greater than the previously agreed limit. RKO also declined to approve another Welles project, The Smiler With the Knife, based on the Cecil Day-Lewis novel, ostensibly because RKO executives lacked faith in Lucille Ball's ability to carry the film as the leading lady.
In a sign of things to come[citation needed], Welles left The Campbell Playhouse in 1940 due to creative differences with the sponsor. The show continued without him, produced by John Houseman. In perhaps another sign of things to come[citation needed], Welles's first experience on a Hollywood film was narrator for RKO's 1940 production of The Swiss Family Robinson.
[edit] Citizen Kane
Main article: Citizen Kane
Production[link]
RKO, having rejected Welles's first two movie proposals, agreed on the third offer, Citizen Kane, for which Welles co-wrote, produced, directed, and performed the lead role.[25]
Welles found a suitable film project in an idea he conceived with screenwriter Herman J. Mankiewicz, (who was then writing radio plays for The Campbell Playhouse). Initially entitled The American, it eventually became Welles's first feature film (also his most famous and honored role), Citizen Kane (1941).
Mankiewicz based his original notion on an exposé of the life of William Randolph Hearst, whom he knew socially but came to hate, having once been great friends with Hearst's mistress, Marion Davies. Mankiewicz had been banished from her company because of his perpetual drunkenness. Mankiewicz, a notorious gossip, exacted revenge with his unflattering depiction of Davies in Citizen Kane for which Welles bore most of the criticisms.[citation needed]
Kane's megalomania was modeled loosely on Robert McCormick, Howard Hughes, and Joseph Pulitzer as Welles wanted to create a broad, complex character, intending to show him in the same scenes from several points of view.[citation needed] The use of multiple narrative perspectives in Conrad's Heart of Darkness influenced the treatment.
Supplying Mankiewicz with 300 pages of notes, Welles urged him to write the first draft of a screenplay under John Houseman, who was posted to ensure Mankiewicz stayed sober. On Welles's instruction, Houseman wrote the opening narration as a pastiche of The March of Time newsreels. Orson Welles explained to Peter Bogdanovich about the writers working separately by saying, "I left him on his own finally, because we'd started to waste too much time haggling. So, after mutual agreements on storyline and character, Mank went off with Houseman and did his version, while I stayed in Hollywood and wrote mine."[25] Taking these drafts, Welles drastically condensed and rearranged them, then added scenes of his own. The industry accused Welles of underplaying Mankiewicz's contribution to the script, but Welles countered the attacks by saying, "At the end, naturally, I was the one making the picture, after all—who had to make the decisions. I used what I wanted of Mank's and, rightly or wrongly, kept what I liked of my own."[18]:54
Charles Foster Kane is based loosely on parts of Hearst's life. Nonetheless, autobiographical allusions to Welles were worked in, most noticeably in the treatment of Kane's childhood and particularly, regarding his guardianship. Welles then added features from other famous American lives to create a general and mysterious personality, rather than the narrow journalistic portrait intended by Mankiewicz, whose first drafts included scandalous claims about the death of the film director Thomas Ince.
Once the script was completed, Welles attracted some of Hollywood's best technicians, including cinematographer Gregg Toland, who walked into Welles's office and announced he wanted to work on the picture. Welles later described Toland as "the fastest cameraman who ever lived."[25] For the cast, Welles primarily used actors from his Mercury Theatre. He invited suggestions from everyone but only if they were directed through him. Filming Citizen Kane took ten weeks.[25]
Reaction[link]
Mankiewicz handed a copy of the final shooting script to his friend, Charles Lederer, husband of Welles's ex-wife, Virginia Nicholson, as well as the nephew of Hearst's mistress, Marion Davies. Gossip columnist Hedda Hopper saw a small ad in a newspaper for a preview screening of Citizen Kane and went. Hopper, realizing immediately that the film was based on features of Hearst's life, reported this back to him and he threatened to give "Hollywood, Private Lives" if that was what it wanted. Thus began the struggle over the attempted suppression of Citizen Kane.
Hearst's media outlets boycotted the film. They exerted enormous pressure on the Hollywood film community by threatening to expose fifteen years of suppressed scandals and the fact that most of the studio bosses were Jewish. At one point, the heads of the major studios jointly offered RKO the cost of the film in exchange for the negative and all existing prints, fully intending to burn them. RKO declined and the film was given a limited release. Hearst intimidated theater chains by threatening to ban advertising for any of their other films in any of his papers if they showed Citizen Kane.
The film was well-received critically, with Bosley Crowther, film critic for the New York Times calling it "close to being the most sensational film ever made in Hollywood".[26] By the time it reached the general public, though, the publicity had waned. It garnered nine Academy Award nominations (Orson nominated as a producer, director, writer, and actor), but won only for Best Original Screenplay, shared by Mankiewicz and Welles. Although it was largely ignored at the Academy Awards, Citizen Kane now is hailed as one of the greatest films ever made. Andrew Sarris called it "the work that influenced the cinema more profoundly than any American film since The Birth of a Nation."[25]
The delay in its release and its uneven distribution contributed to its average result at the box office, making back its budget and marketing, but RKO lost any chance of a major profit. The fact that Citizen Kane ignored many Hollywood conventions also meant that the film confused and angered the 1940s cinema public. Exhibitor response was scathing; most theater owners complained bitterly about the adverse audience reaction and the many walkouts. Only a few saw fit to acknowledge Welles's artistic technique. RKO shelved the film and did not re-release it until 1956.
During the 1950s, the film came to be seen by young French film critics such as François Truffaut as exemplifying the "auteur theory", in which the director is the "author" of a film. Truffaut, Godard and others inspired by Welles's example made their own films, giving birth to the Nouvelle Vague. In the 1960s Citizen Kane became popular on college campuses as a film-study exercise and as an entertainment subject. Its frequent revivals on television, home video, and DVD have enhanced its "classic" status and ultimately it recouped its costs. The film still is considered by most film critics and historians to be one of the greatest motion pictures in cinema history.
[edit] The Magnificent Ambersons
Main article: The Magnificent Ambersons (film)
Welles's second film for RKO was The Magnificent Ambersons, adapted from the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel by Booth Tarkington. George Schaefer hoped to make money with this film, since he lost money with Citizen Kane. Ambersons already had been adapted for The Campbell Playhouse by Welles, for radio, and he then wrote the screen adaptation. Toland was not available, so Stanley Cortez was named cinematographer. The meticulous Cortez, however, was slow and the film lagged behind schedule and over budget. Prior to production, Welles's contract was renegotiated, revoking his right to control the final cut.
[edit] Journey into Fear
At RKO's request, simultaneously, Welles worked on an adaptation of Eric Ambler's spy thriller, Journey into Fear, which he co-wrote with Joseph Cotten. In addition to acting in the film, Welles was also producer. Direction was credited solely to Norman Foster. Welles later stated that they were in such a rush that the director of each scene was determined by whoever was closest to the camera.
CBS then offered Welles a new radio series called the Orson Welles Show. It was a half-hour variety show of short stories, comedy skits, poetry, and musical numbers. Joining the original Mercury Theatre cast for the show was Cliff Edwards, the voice of Jiminy Cricket, "on loan from Walt Disney". The variety format was unpopular with listeners and Welles soon was forced to limit the content of the show simply to telling a one half-hour story for the entirety of each episode.[citation needed]
[edit] It's All True
Main article: It's All True (film)
To further complicate matters during the production of Ambersons and Journey into Fear, Welles was approached by Nelson Rockefeller and Jock Whitney to produce a documentary film about South America. This was at the behest of the federal government's Good Neighbor policy, a wartime propaganda effort designed to prevent Latin America from allying with the Axis powers. Welles saw his involvement as a form of national service, since his physical condition[clarification needed] excused him from direct military service.
Expected to film the Carnaval in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Welles rushed to finish the editing on Ambersons and his acting scenes in Journey into Fear. Ending his CBS radio show, he lashed together a rough cut of Ambersons with Robert Wise, who had edited Citizen Kane, and left for Brazil. Wise was to join him in Rio to complete the film, but never arrived. A provisional final cut arranged via phone call, telegram, and shortwave radio was previewed without Welles's approval in Pomona in a double bill, to a mostly negative audience response, particularly to the character of Aunt Fanny played by Agnes Moorehead. Whereas Schaefer argued that Welles be allowed to complete his own version of the film, and that an archival copy be kept with the Museum of Modern Art in New York City, RKO disagreed. With Welles in South America, there was no practical means of having him edit the film.
As a result of the difficult financial circumstances that RKO found itself in across the period 1940–42, major changes occurred at the studio in 1942[27] Floyd Odlum took over control of RKO and began changing its direction. Rockefeller, the most significant backer of the Brazil project, left the RKO board of directors. Around the same time, the principal sponsor of Welles at RKO, studio president George Schaefer, resigned. The changes throughout RKO caused reevaluations of many projects. RKO took control of Ambersons, formed a committee, which was ordered to edit the film into what the studio considered a commercial format. They removed fifty minutes of Welles's footage, re-shot sequences, rearranged the scene order, and added a happy ending. Koerner released the shortened film on the bottom of a double-bill with the Lupe Vélez comedy, Mexican Spitfire Sees a Ghost. Ambersons was an expensive flop for RKO, although it received four Academy Award nominations including Best Picture and Best Supporting Actress for Agnes Moorehead.
Welles's South American documentary, entitled It's All True, budgeted at one million dollars with half of its budget coming from the U.S. Government upon completion, grew in ambition and budget while Welles was in South America. While the film originally was to be a documentary on Carnaval, Welles added a new story which recreated the journey of the jangadeiros, four poor fishermen who had made a 1,500-mile (2,400 km) journey on their open raft to petition Brazilian President Vargas about their working conditions. The four had become national folk heroes; Welles first read of their journey in TIME. Their leader, Jacare, died during a filming mishap. RKO, in limited contact with Welles, attempted to rein in the production. Most of the crew and budget were withdrawn from the film. In addition, the Mercury staff was removed from the studio in the U.S.
Welles requested resources to finish the film. He was given a limited amount of black-and-white stock and a silent camera. He completed the sequence, but RKO refused to support any further production on the film. Surviving footage was released in 1993, including a rough reconstruction of the "Four Men on a Raft" segment. Meanwhile, RKO asserted in public that Welles had gone to Brazil without a screenplay and that he had squandered a million dollars. Their official company slogan for the next year was, "Showmanship in place of Genius" – which was taken as a slight against Welles.
Director for hire (1943–1946)[link]
On returning to Hollywood, Welles found no studios interested in hiring him as a film director after the twin disasters of The Magnificent Ambersons and It's All True. Welles next worked on radio. CBS offered him two weekly series, Hello Americans, based on the research he'd done in Brazil, and Ceiling Unlimited, sponsored by Lockheed, a wartime salute to advances in aviation. Both featured several members of his original Mercury Theatre troupe. Within a few months, Hello Americans was canceled and Welles was replaced as host of Ceiling Unlimited by Joseph Cotten. Welles guest-starred on a great variety of shows, notably guest-hosting Jack Benny shows for a month in 1943. He took an increasingly active role in American and international politics and used journalism to communicate his forceful ideas widely.
In 1943, Welles married Rita Hayworth. They had one child, Rebecca Welles, and divorced five years later in 1948. In between, Welles found work as an actor in other directors' films. He starred in the 1944 film adaptation of Jane Eyre, trading credit as associate producer for top billing over Joan Fontaine. He also had a cameo in the 1944 wartime salute Follow the Boys, in which he performed his Mercury Wonder Show magic act and "sawed" Marlene Dietrich in half after Columbia Pictures head Harry Cohn refused to allow Hayworth to perform.
In 1944, Welles was offered a new radio show, broadcast only in California, Orson Welles' Almanac. It was another half-hour variety show, with Mobil Oil as sponsor. After the success of his stand-in hosting on The Jack Benny Show, the focus was primarily on comedy. His hosting on the Jack Benny show included several self-deprecating jokes and story lines about his being a "genius" and overriding any ideas advanced by other cast members. The trade papers were not eager to accept Welles as a comedian, and Welles often complained on-air about the poor quality of the scripts. When Welles started his Mercury Wonder Show a few months later, traveling to armed forces camps and performing magic tricks and doing comedy, the radio show was broadcast live from the camps and the material took on a decidedly wartime flavor. Of his original Mercury actors, only Agnes Moorehead remained working with him. The series was cancelled by year's end due to poor ratings.
While he found no studio willing to hire him as a film director, Welles's popularity as an actor continued. Pabst Blue Ribbon gave Welles their radio series This Is My Best to direct, but after one month he was fired for creative differences. He started writing a political column for the New York Post, again called Orson Welles's Almanac. While the paper wanted Welles to write about Hollywood gossip, Welles explored serious political issues. His activism for world peace took considerable amounts of his time. The Post column eventually failed in syndication because of contradictory expectations and was dropped by the Post.
Post-war work (1946–1948)[link]
[edit] The Stranger
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In 1946, International Pictures released Welles's film The Stranger, starring Edward G. Robinson, Loretta Young, and Welles. Sam Spiegel produced the film, which follows the hunt for a Nazi war criminal living under an alias in America. While Anthony Veiller was credited with the screenplay, it had been rewritten by Welles and John Huston. Disputes occurred during the editing process between Spiegel and Welles. The film became a box office success and it helped his standing with the studios.
In the summer of 1946, Welles directed a musical stage version of Around the World in Eighty Days, with a comedic and ironic rewriting of the Jules Verne novel by Welles, incidental music and songs by Cole Porter, and production by Mike Todd, who would later produce the successful film version with David Niven. When Todd pulled out from the lavish and expensive production, Welles alone supported the finances. When he ran out of money at one point, he convinced Columbia president Harry Cohn to send him enough to continue the show, and in exchange, Welles promised to write, produce, direct, and star in a film for Cohn for no further fee. The stage show soon failed, due to poor box-office, with Welles unable to claim the losses on his taxes. The complicated financial arrangements concerning the show, its losses, and Welles's arrangement with Cohn, resulted in a tax dispute with the IRS.
At the same time in 1946 he began two new radio series, The Mercury Summer Theatre for CBS and Orson Welles Commentaries for ABC. While Summer Theatre featured half-hour adaptations of some of the classic Mercury radio shows from the 1930s, the first episode was a condensation of his Around the World stage play, and remains the only record of Cole Porter's music for the project. Several original Mercury actors returned for the series, as well as Bernard Herrmann. It only was scheduled for the summer months, and Welles invested his earnings into his failing stage play. Commentaries was a political vehicle for him, continuing the themes from his New York Post column. Again, Welles lacked a clear focus, until the NAACP brought to his attention the case of Isaac Woodard. Welles brought significant attention to Woodard's cause. Soon Welles was being hanged in effigy in the South and theaters refused to show The Stranger in several southern states.
[edit] The Lady from Shanghai
The film Welles was obliged to make for Cohn in exchange for Cohn's help in completing Around the World in Eighty Days ended up being The Lady from Shanghai, filmed in 1947 for Columbia Pictures. Intended to be a modest thriller, the budget skyrocketed after Cohn suggested that Welles's then-estranged second wife Rita Hayworth co-star.
Cohn disliked Welles's rough-cut, particularly the confusing plot and lack of close-ups, and was not in sympathy with Welles's Brechtian use of irony and black comedy, especially in a farcical courtroom scene. Cohn ordered extensive editing and re-shoots. After heavy editing by the studio, approximately one hour of Welles's first cut had been removed, including much of a climactic confrontation scene in an amusement park funhouse. While expressing displeasure at the cuts, Welles was appalled particularly at the musical score. The film was considered a disaster in America at the time of release, though the closing shootout in a hall of mirrors has since become one of the touchstones of film noir. Not long after release, Welles and Hayworth finalized their divorce.
Although The Lady From Shanghai was acclaimed in Europe, it was not embraced in the U.S. until several decades later. Influential modern critics including David Kehr have subsequently declared it a masterpiece, with Kehr calling it "the weirdest great movie ever made."[citation needed] A similar difference in reception on opposite sides of the Atlantic followed by greater American acceptance befell the Welles-inspired Chaplin film Monsieur Verdoux, originally to be directed by Welles starring Chaplin, then directed by Chaplin with the idea credited to Welles.
[edit] Macbeth
File:Wells and Nolan.JPG
Orson Welles and Jeanette Nolan in Macbeth (1948)
Prior to 1948, Welles convinced Republic Pictures to let him direct a low-budget version of Macbeth, which featured extremely stylized sets and costumes, and a cast of actors lip-syncing to a pre-recorded soundtrack, one of many innovative cost-cutting techniques Welles deployed in an attempt to make an epic film from B-movie resources. The script, adapted by Welles, is a violent reworking of Shakespeare's original, freely cutting and pasting lines into new contexts via a collage technique and recasting Macbeth as a clash of pagan and proto-Christian ideologies. Some of the voodoo trappings of the famous Welles/Houseman Negro Theatre stage adaptation are also visible, especially in the film's characterization of the Weird Sisters, who create an effigy of Macbeth as a charm to enchant him. Of all Welles's post-Kane Hollywood productions, Macbeth is stylistically closest to Citizen Kane in its use of long takes and deep focus photography. Shots of the increasingly isolated Scottish king looming in the foreground while other characters address him from deep in the background overtly reference Kane.[citation needed]
Republic initially trumpeted the film as an important work but decided it did not care for the Scottish accents on the soundtrack and held up general release for almost a year after early negative press reaction, which included Life's comment that Welles's film "doth foully slaughter Shakespeare."[28] Welles left for Europe, while his co-producer and lifelong supporter Richard Wilson reworked the soundtrack. Welles ultimately returned and cut twenty minutes from the film at Republic's request and recorded narration to cover the gaps. The film was decried as another disaster. Macbeth had its share of influential fans in Europe, especially the French poet and filmmaker Jean Cocteau, who hailed the film's "crude, irreverent power" and careful shot design, and described the characters as haunting "the corridors of some dreamlike subway, an abandoned coal mine, and ruined cellars oozing with water."[29]
In the late 1970s, a fully restored version of Macbeth was released that followed Welles's original vision, and all prints of the truncated theatrical release have gradually been withdrawn from circulation, turning Welles's compulsory recut version—which has the distinction of being created by the director himself—into something of a lost work.[citation needed]
Europe (1948–1956)[link]
Welles left Hollywood for Europe in late 1947, enigmatically saying that he had chosen "freedom."[citation needed] In Italy he starred as Cagliostro in the 1948 film Black Magic. His co-star, Akim Tamiroff, impressed Welles so much that Tamiroff would appear in four of Welles's own productions during the 1950s and 1960s.
[edit] The Third Man
File:Thirdman1-9950.jpg
Joseph Cotten as writer Holly Martins and Orson Welles as Harry Lime in The Third Man (1949)
The following year, Welles starred as Harry Lime in Carol Reed's The Third Man, alongside Joseph Cotten, his good friend and co-star from Citizen Kane, with a script by Graham Greene and a memorable zither score by Anton Karas. The film was an international smash hit, but unfortunately for Welles, he had turned down a percentage of the gross in exchange for a lump-sum advance.[citation needed] A few years later, British radio producer Harry Alan Towers would resurrect the Lime character for radio in the series The Lives of Harry Lime. The 1951 series included new recordings by Karas and was very successful, running for 52 weeks.[citation needed] Welles claimed to have written a handful of episodes—a claim disputed by Towers, who maintains they were written by Ernest Borneman—which later would serve as the basis for the screenplay by Welles, Mr. Arkadin (1955).[citation needed]
Welles also appeared as Cesare Borgia in the 1949 Italian film Prince of Foxes, with Tyrone Power and Mercury Theatre alumnus Everett Sloane, and as the Mongol warrior Bayan in the 1950 film version of the novel The Black Rose (again with Tyrone Power).
[edit] Othello
During this time, Welles was channeling his money from acting jobs into a self-financed film version of Shakespeare's play Othello. From 1949 to 1951, Welles worked on Othello, filming on location in Europe and Morocco. The film featured Welles's old friends, Micheál Mac Liammóir as Iago and Hilton Edwards as Desdemona's father Brabantio. Suzanne Cloutier starred as Desdemona and Campbell Playhouse alumnus Robert Coote appeared as Iago's associate Roderigo.
File:Welles as Othello.JPG
Orson Welles in Othello (1952)
Filming was suspended several times as Welles ran out of funds and left to find other acting jobs, accounted in detail in MacLiammóir's published memoir Put Money in Thy Purse. When it premiered at the Cannes Film Festival it won the Palme d'Or, but the film did not receive a general release in the United States until 1955 (by which time Welles had re-cut the first reel and re-dubbed most of the film, removing Cloutier's voice entirely), and it played only in New York and Los Angeles.[citation needed] The American release prints had a technically flawed soundtrack, suffering from a complete drop-out of sound at every quiet moment. Welles's daughter, Beatrice Welles-Smith, restored Othello in 1992 for a wide re-release. The restoration included reconstructing Angelo Francesco Lavagnino's original musical score (which was inaudible) and adding ambient stereo sound effects (which weren't in the original film). The restoration went on to a successful theatrical run in America, but was the subject of great controversy among film scholars.[by whom?] A print of the U.S. version was released on laserdisc in 1995 but soon withdrawn after a legal challenge by Beatrice Welles-Smith.[citation needed] The original Cannes version has survived but is not available commercially.[citation needed]
In 1952, Welles continued finding work in England after the success of the Harry Lime radio show. Harry Alan Towers offered Welles another series, The Black Museum, which ran for 52 weeks with Welles as host and narrator. Director Herbert Wilcox offered Welles the part of the murdered victim in Trent's Last Case, based on the novel by E. C. Bentley. In 1953, the BBC hired Welles to read an hour of selections from Walt Whitman's epic poem Song of Myself. Towers hired Welles again, to play Professor Moriarty in the radio series, The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, starring John Gielgud, and Ralph Richardson.
Welles briefly returned to America to make his first appearance on television, starring in the Omnibus presentation of King Lear, broadcast live on CBS October 18, 1953. Directed by Peter Brook, the production costarred Natasha Parry, Beatrice Straight and Arnold Moss.[30] While Welles received good notices, he was guarded by IRS agents, prohibited to leave his hotel room when not at the studio, prevented from making any purchases, and the entire sum (less expenses) he earned went to his tax bill.[citation needed]
In 1954, director George More O'Ferrall offered Welles the title role in the 'Lord Mountdrago' segment of Three Cases of Murder, co-starring Badel. Herbert Wilcox cast Welles as the antagonist in Trouble in the Glen opposite Margaret Lockwood, Forrest Tucker, and Victor McLaglen. Old friend John Huston cast him as Father Mapple in his 1956 film adaptation of Herman Melville's Moby-Dick, starring Gregory Peck.
[edit] Mr. Arkadin
Welles's next turn as director was the film Mr. Arkadin (1955), which was produced by his political mentor from the 1940s, Louis Dolivet. It was filmed in France, Germany, Spain, and Italy on a very limited budget. Based loosely on several episodes of the Harry Lime radio show, it stars Welles as a billionaire who hires a man to delve into the secrets of his past. The film stars Robert Arden, who had worked on the Harry Lime series; Welles's third wife, Paola Mori, whose voice was dubbed by actress Billie Whitelaw; and guest stars Akim Tamiroff, Michael Redgrave, Katina Paxinou and Mischa Auer. Frustrated by his slow progress in the editing room, producer Dolivet removed Welles from the project and finished the film without him. Eventually five different versions of the film would be released, two in Spanish and three in English. The version that Dolivet completed was retitled Confidential Report. In 2005 Stefan Droessler of the Munich Filmmuseum oversaw a reconstruction of the surviving film elements. Included in a DVD box set (The Complete Mr. Arkadin) released by The Criterion Collection, it is considered by Welles scholar and director Peter Bogdanovich to be the best version of Welles's original intentions for the film.[citation needed]
In 1955, Welles also directed two television series for the BBC. The first was The Orson Welles Sketchbook, a series of six 15-minute shows featuring Welles drawing in a sketchbook to illustrate his reminiscences for the camera (including such topics as the filming of It's All True and the Isaac Woodard case), and the second was Around the World with Orson Welles, a series of six travelogues set in different locations around Europe (such as Venice, the Basque Country between France and Spain, and England). Welles served as host and interviewer, his commentary including documentary facts and his own personal observations (a technique he would continue to explore in later works). A seventh episode of this series, based on the Gaston Dominici case, was suppressed at the time by the French government, but was reconstructed after Welles's death and released to video in 1999.[citation needed]
In 1956, Welles completed Portrait of Gina. Dissatisfied with the results—Welles recalled he had worked on it a lot and the result looked like it—he left the only print behind at the Ritz Hotel in Paris.[citation needed]} The film cans would remain in a lost-and-found locker at the hotel for several decades, where they were discovered after Welles's death. The work posthumously aired on German television under the title Viva Italia, a 30-minute personal essay on Gina Lollobrigida and the general subject of Italian sex symbols.[citation needed]
Return to Hollywood (1956–1959)[link]
In 1956, Welles returned to Hollywood, guesting on radio shows (notably as narrator of Tomorrow, a nuclear holocaust drama produced by the Federal Civil Defense Administration). He guest starred on television shows, including I Love Lucy, and began filming a projected pilot for Desilu, owned by Lucille Ball and her husband Desi Arnaz, who had recently purchased the former RKO studios. The film was The Fountain of Youth, based on a story by John Collier. Originally deemed not viable as a pilot, the film wasn't aired until 1958. It won the Peabody Award for excellence. Welles's next feature film role was in Man in the Shadow for Universal Pictures in 1957, starring Jeff Chandler. Around this time period, however, Welles began to suffer from weight problems that would eventually cause a deterioration in his health.
[edit] Touch of Evil
Welles stayed on at Universal to direct (and co-star with) Charlton Heston in the 1958 film Touch of Evil, based on Whit Masterson's novel Badge of Evil. Welles, who wrote the screenplay for the film, claimed never to have read the book.[citation needed] Originally only hired as an actor, Welles was promoted to director by Universal Studios at the insistence of Charlton Heston.[citation needed] Reuniting many actors and technicians with whom Welles had worked in Hollywood in the 1940s (including cameraman Russell Metty (The Stranger), make-up artist Maurice Siederman (Citizen Kane), and actors Joseph Cotten, Marlene Dietrich, and Akim Tamiroff), filming proceeded smoothly, with Welles finishing on schedule and on budget, and the studio bosses praising the daily rushes. Nevertheless, after the end of production, the studio re-edited the film, re-shot scenes, and shot new exposition scenes to clarify the plot.[citation needed] Welles wrote a 58-page memo outlining suggestions and objections, stating that the film was no longer his version—it was the studio's, but as such, he was still prepared to help with it.[citation needed] The studio followed a few of the ideas, but cut another 30 minutes from the film and released it.[citation needed] The film was widely praised across Europe, awarded the top prize at the Brussels World's Fair.[citation needed]
In 1978, a longer preview version of the film was discovered and released. In 1998, editor Walter Murch and producer Rick Schmidlin, consulting Welles's memo, used a workprint version to attempt to create a version of the film as close as possible to that Welles outlined in the memo.
As Universal reworked Touch of Evil, Welles began filming his adaptation of Miguel de Cervantes' novel Don Quixote in Mexico, starring Mischa Auer as Quixote and Akim Tamiroff as Sancho Panza. While filming would continue in fits and starts for several years, Welles would never complete the project.[citation needed]
Welles continued acting, notably in The Long, Hot Summer (1958) and Compulsion (1959), but soon returned to Europe.
Return to Europe (1959–1970)[link]
He continued shooting Don Quixote in Spain and Italy, but replaced Mischa Auer with Francisco Reiguera, and resumed acting jobs. In Italy in 1959, Welles directed his own scenes as King Saul in Richard Pottier's film David and Goliath. In Hong Kong he co-starred with Curt Jürgens in Lewis Gilbert's film Ferry to Hong Kong. In 1960, in Paris he co-starred in Richard Fleischer's film Crack in the Mirror. In Yugoslavia he starred in Richard Thorpe's film The Tartars and Veljko Bulajić's "Battle of Neretva".
Throughout the 1960s, filming continued on Quixote on-and-off until the decade, as Welles evolved the concept, tone and ending several times. Although he had a complete version of the film shot and edited at least once, he would continue toying with the editing well into the 1980s, he never completed a version film he was fully satisfied with, and would junk existing footage and shoot new footage. (In one case, he had a complete cut ready in which Quixote and Sancho Panza end up going to the moon, but he felt the ending was rendered obsolete by the 1969 moon landings, and burned 10 reels of this version.) As the process went on, Welles gradually voiced all of the characters himself and provided narration. In 1992, the director Jesús Franco constructed a film out of the portions of Quixote left behind by Welles. Some of the film stock had decayed badly. While the Welles footage was greeted with interest, the post-production by Franco was met with harsh criticism.
In 1961 Welles directed In the Land of Don Quixote, a series of eight half-hour episodes for the Italian television network RAI. Similar to the Around the World with Orson Welles series, they presented travelogues of Spain and included Welles's wife, Paola, and their daughter, Beatrice. Though Welles was fluent in Italian, the network was not interested in him providing Italian narration because of his accent, and the series sat unreleased until 1964, by which time the network had added Italian narration of its own. Ultimately, versions of the episodes were released with the original musical score Welles had approved, but without the narration.
[edit] The Trial
In 1962 Welles directed his adaptation of The Trial, based on the novel by Franz Kafka and produced by Alexander Salkind and Michael Salkind. The cast included Anthony Perkins as Josef K, Jeanne Moreau, Romy Schneider, Paola Mori and Akim Tamiroff. While filming exteriors in Zagreb, Welles was informed that the Salkinds had run out of money, meaning that there could be no set construction. No stranger to shooting on found locations, Welles soon filmed the interiors in the Gare d'Orsay, at that time an abandoned railway station in Paris. Welles thought the location possessed a "Jules Verne modernism" and a melancholy sense of "waiting", both suitable for Kafka. The film failed at the box-office. Peter Bogdanovich would later observe that Welles found the film riotously funny. During the filming, Welles met Oja Kodar, who would later become his muse, star and mistress for the last twenty years of his life. Welles also stated in an interview with the BBC that it was his best film.[31]
Welles played a film director in La Ricotta (1963)—Pier Paolo Pasolini's segment of the Ro.Go.Pa.G. movie, although his renowned voice was dubbed by Italian writer Giorgio Bassani.[18]:516 He continued taking what work he could find acting, narrating or hosting other people's work, and began filming Chimes at Midnight, which was completed in 1966. Filmed in Spain, it was a condensation of five Shakespeare plays, telling the story of Falstaff and his relationship with Prince Hal. The cast included Keith Baxter, John Gielgud, Jeanne Moreau, Fernando Rey and Margaret Rutherford, with narration by Ralph Richardson. Music was again by Angelo Francesco Lavagnino. Jess Franco served as second unit director.
[edit] Chimes at Midnight
Chimes at Midnight was based on Welles's play Five Kings which condensed five of Shakespeare's plays into one show in order to focus on the story of Falstaff. Welles produced the show in New York in 1939 but the opening night, where part 1 was acted, was a disaster and part 2 was never put on. He revamped the show and revisited it in 1960 at the Gate Theatre in Dublin. But again, it was not successful. However, this later production was used as the base for the movie. The script contained text from five plays: primarily Henry IV, Part 1 and Henry IV, Part 2, but also Richard II, Henry V, and The Merry Wives of Windsor. Keith Baxter played Prince Hal, and internationally respected Shakespearean interpreter, John Gielgud, played the King, Henry IV. The film's narration, spoken by Ralph Richardson, is taken from the chronicler Raphael Holinshed. According to Jeanne Moreau, Welles delayed filming for two weeks due to stage fright. Welles held this film in high regard and considered it, along with The Trial, his best work. As he remarked in 1982, "If I wanted to get into heaven on the basis of one movie, that's the one I'd offer up."[32]
In 1966, Welles directed a film for French television, an adaptation of The Immortal Story, by Karen Blixen. Released in 1968, it stars Jeanne Moreau, Roger Coggio and Norman Eshley. The film had a successful run in French theaters. At this time Welles met Oja Kodar again, and gave her a letter he had written to her and had been keeping for four years; they would not be parted again. They immediately began a collaboration both personal and professional. The first of these was an adaptation of Blixen's The Heroine, meant to be a companion piece to The Immortal Story and starring Kodar. Unfortunately, funding disappeared after one day's shooting. After completing this film, he appeared in a brief cameo as Cardinal Wolsey in Fred Zinnemann's adaptation of A Man for All Seasons—a role for which he won considerable acclaim.
In 1967 Welles began directing The Deep, based on the novel Dead Calm by Charles Williams and filmed off the shore of Yugoslavia. The cast included Jeanne Moreau, Laurence Harvey and Kodar. Personally financed by Welles and Kodar, they could not obtain the funds to complete the project, and it was abandoned a few years later after the death of Harvey. The surviving footage was eventually edited and released by the Filmmuseum München. In 1968 Welles began filming a TV special for CBS under the title Orson's Bag, combining travelogue, comedy skits and a condensation of Shakespeare's play The Merchant of Venice with Welles as Shylock. Funding for the show sent by CBS to Welles in Switzerland was seized by the IRS. Without funding, the show was not completed. The surviving film clips portions were eventually released by the Filmmuseum München.
In 1969, Welles authorized the use of his name for a cinema in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The Orson Welles Cinema remained in operation until 1986, with Welles making a personal appearance there in 1977. Also in 1969 he played a supporting role in John Huston's The Kremlin Letter. Drawn by the numerous offers he received to work in television and films, and upset by a tabloid scandal reporting his affair with Kodar, Welles abandoned the editing of Don Quixote and moved back to America in 1970.
Final years (1970–1985)[link]
Welles returned to Hollywood, where he continued to self-finance his own film and television projects. While offers to act, narrate and host continued, Welles also found himself in great demand on television talk shows. He made frequent appearances for Dick Cavett, Johnny Carson, Dean Martin and Merv Griffin.
Welles's primary focus during his final years was The Other Side of the Wind, an unfinished project that was filmed intermittently between 1970 and 1976. Written by Welles, it is the story of an aging film director (John Huston) looking for funds to complete his final film. The cast includes Peter Bogdanovich, Susan Strasberg, Norman Foster, Edmond O'Brien, Cameron Mitchell and Dennis Hopper. Financed by Iranian backers, ownership of the film fell into a legal quagmire after the Shah of Iran was deposed. While there have been several reports of all the legal disputes concerning ownership of the film being settled, enough disputes still exist to prevent its release.
Welles portrayed Louis XVIII of France in the 1970 film Waterloo, and narrated the beginning and ending scenes of the historical comedy Start the Revolution Without Me (1970).
In 1971 Welles directed a short adaptation of Moby-Dick, a one-man performance on a bare stage, reminiscent of his 1955 stage production Moby Dick—Rehearsed. Never completed, it was eventually released by the Filmmuseum München. He also appeared in La Décade prodigieuse, co-starring with Anthony Perkins and directed by Claude Chabrol, based on a detective novel by Ellery Queen. That same year, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences gave him an honorary award "For superlative artistry and versatility in the creation of motion pictures". Welles pretended to be out of town and sent John Huston to claim the award. Huston criticized the Academy for awarding Welles while they refused to give him any work.
In 1972, Welles acted as on-screen narrator for the film documentary version of Alvin Toffler's 1970 book Future Shock. Working again for a British producer, Welles played Long John Silver in director John Hough's Treasure Island (1972), an adaptation of the Robert Louis Stevenson novel, which had been the second story broadcast by The Mercury Theatre on the Air in 1938. Welles also contributed to the script, his writing credit was attributed to the pseudonym 'O. W. Jeeves'. Welles original recorded dialog was re dubbed by Robert Rietty.
File:F-for-Fake.jpg
Orson Welles in F for Fake (1973), a film essay and the last film he completed.
In 1973, Welles completed F for Fake, a personal essay film about art forger Elmyr de Hory and the biographer Clifford Irving. Based on an existing documentary by François Reichenbach, it included new material with Oja Kodar, Joseph Cotten, Paul Stewart and William Alland. An excerpt of Welles's 1930s War of the Worlds broadcast was recreated for this film, however none of the dialogue heard in the film actually matches what was originally broadcast. Welles filmed a five minute trailer, rejected in the US that featured several shots of a topless Kodar.
Welles hosted and narrated a syndicated anthology series, Orson Welles's Great Mysteries, over the 1973–1974 television season. It did not last beyond that season; however, the program could be perceived as a television revival of the Mercury Theatre whose executive producer Welles had been in the 1930s and 1940s. 1974 also saw Welles lending his voice for that year's remake of Agatha Christie's classic thriller Ten Little Indians produced by his former associate, Harry Alan Towers and starring an international cast that included Oliver Reed, Elke Sommer and Herbert Lom.
In 1975, Welles narrated the documentary Bugs Bunny: Superstar, focusing on Warner Bros. cartoons from the 1940s. Also in 1975, the American Film Institute presented Welles with its third Lifetime Achievement Award (the first two going to director John Ford and actor James Cagney). At the ceremony, Welles screened two scenes from the nearly finished The Other Side of the Wind. In 1978 Welles narrated the theatrical release The Late, Great Planet Earth.
In 1976, Paramount Television purchased the rights for the entire set of Rex Stout's Nero Wolfe stories for Orson Welles.[33][34] Welles had once wanted to make a series of Nero Wolfe movies, but Rex Stout – who was leery of Hollywood adaptations during his lifetime after two disappointing 1930s films – turned him down.[35] Paramount planned to begin with an ABC-TV movie and hoped to persuade Welles to continue the role in a mini-series.[36] Frank D. Gilroy was signed to write the television script and direct the TV movie on the assurance that Welles would star, but by April 1977 Welles had bowed out.[37] In 1980 the Associated Press reported "the distinct possibility" that Welles would star in a Nero Wolfe TV series for NBC television.[38] Again, Welles bowed out of the project due to creative differences and William Conrad was cast in the role.[39]
In 1979 Welles completed his documentary Filming Othello, which featured Michael MacLiammoir and Hilton Edwards. Made for West German television, it was also released in theaters. That same year, Welles completed his self-produced pilot for The Orson Welles Show television series, featuring interviews with Burt Reynolds, Jim Henson and Frank Oz and guest-starring The Muppets and Angie Dickinson. Unable to find network interest, the pilot was never broadcast. In 1979 Welles also appeared in the biopic The Secret of Nikola Tesla, and a cameo in The Muppet Movie as Lew Lord.
Beginning in the late 1970s, Welles participated in a series of famous television commercial advertisements. For two years he was on-camera spokesman for the Paul Masson Vineyards,[40] and sales grew by one third during the time Welles intoned what became a popular catchphrase: "We will sell no wine before its time."[41] He was also the voice behind the long-running Carlsberg "Probably the best lager in the world" campaign,[42] promoted Domecq sherry on British television[43] and provided narration on adverts for Findus, though the actual adverts have been overshadowed by a famous blooper reel of voice recordings, known as the Frozen Peas reel.
In 1981, Welles hosted the documentary The Man Who Saw Tomorrow, about Renaissance-era prophet Nostradamus. In 1982 the BBC broadcast The Orson Welles Story in the Arena series. Interviewed by Leslie Megahey, Welles examined his past in great detail, and several people from his professional past were interviewed as well. It was reissued in 1990 as With Orson Welles: Stories of a Life in Film. Welles provided narration for the tracks "Defender" from Manowar's album Fighting the World and "Dark Avenger" on Manowar's 1982 album, Battle Hymns. His name was misspelled on the latter album, as he was credited as "Orson Wells".[44]
During the 1980s, Welles worked on such film projects as The Dreamers, based on two stories by Isak Dinesen and starring Oja Kodar, and The Orson Welles Magic Show, which reused material from his failed TV pilot. Another project he worked on was Filming The Trial, the second in a proposed series of documentaries examining his feature films. While much was shot for these projects, none of them was completed. All of them were eventually released by the Filmmuseum München.
In 1984, Welles narrated the short-lived television series Scene of the Crime. During the early years of Magnum, P.I., Welles was the voice of the unseen character Robin Masters, a famous writer and playboy. Welles's death forced this minor character to largely be written out of the series. In an oblique homage to Welles, the Magnum, P.I. producers ambiguously concluded that story arc by having one character accuse another of having hired an actor to portray Robin Masters.[45] He also, in this penultimate year released a music single, titled "I Know What It Is To Be Young (But You Don't Know What It Is To Be Old)", which he recorded under Italian label Compagnia Generale del Disco. The song was performed with the Nick Perito Orchestra and the Ray Charles Singers and produced by Jerry Abbott who was father to famed Metal Guitarist Dimebag Darrell[1].
The last film roles before Welles's death included voice work in the animated films The Enchanted Journey (1984) and The Transformers: The Movie (1986), in which he played the planet-eating robot Unicron. His last film appearance was in Henry Jaglom's 1987 independent film Someone to Love, released after his death but produced before his voice-over in Transformers: The Movie. His last television appearance was on the television show Moonlighting. He recorded an introduction to an episode entitled "The Dream Sequence Always Rings Twice", which was partially filmed in black and white. The episode aired five days after his death and was dedicated to his memory.
Personal life[link]
Relationships and family[link]
In 1934, Welles eloped with Chicago-born actress and socialite Virginia Nicolson. From around 1937 Welles embarked on a string of extra-marital affairs with various ballerinas he had met on Broadway, and the couple divorced in 1940 after Welles's affair with Vera Zorina was vaguely mentioned in Walter Winchell's column.[citation needed]
File:Orson Welles and Dolores del Río in 1941.jpg
Welles with Dolores del Rio at the premiere of Citizen Kane (1941).
Since 1932, Welles had fallen in love with the older Mexican actress, Dolores del Río. They lived a torrid romance between 1938 and 1942.[46] They acted together in the movie Journey into Fear (1943) but the affair ended soon after filming ended. Rebecca Welles, the daughter of Welles and Hayworth, met Dolores in 1954 and said: "My father considered her the great love of his life...She was a living legend in the history of my family".[47] Welles once remarked that he was incredibly impressed by her lingerie, which had been handmade by nuns in France.
Welles married Rita Hayworth in 1943. The couple became estranged by 1946 – Welles blamed Hayworth for making unfounded accusations of infidelity, and after he was turned out of the marital bed he then actually started to have affairs, which in turn prompted Hayworth to have affairs of her own. They briefly reconciled in 1947 during the making of The Lady from Shanghai, before finally separating. In 1948 Hayworth filed for divorce, her reason to the press being, "I can't take his genius any more."[48] During his last interview and only five hours before his death, Welles answered Merv Griffin's suggestive comment "But one of your wives—oh, I have envied you so many years for Rita Hayworth", by calling her "one of the dearest and sweetest women that ever lived" and saying that he was "lucky enough to have been with her longer than any of the other men in her life."[49]
In 1955 Welles married Italian actress Paola Mori (née Countess Paola di Girifalco), an Italian aristocrat. The couple had a "shotgun wedding" after Welles impregnated Mori (who was then the leading lady in his film Mr. Arkadin), and Mori's Catholic parents feared for their family's reputation if the two did not marry.[50] They were wed in London on May 8, 1955, and their daughter was born in New York on November 13, 1955, six months later.[18]:417, 419 Estranged for decades, the couple never divorced.
Croatian-born actress Oja Kodar became Welles's longtime companion both personally and professionally from 1966 onwards, and they lived together for the last 19 years of his life. They first met in Zagreb in 1962, while Welles was filming The Trial, and embarked on a passionate, short-lived affair which ended when Paola Mori had a cancer scare and Welles returned to his wife. Kodar assumed Welles had left for good, and Welles hired a private detective to track down Kodar, to no avail. Three years passed, and Kodar was by then living in Paris and in a relationship with a struggling young actor. When they saw a press feature that Welles was in Paris, the young actor persuaded a reluctant Kodar to use her influence with Welles to get him a job. When she telephoned him, Welles immediately rushed to her hotel room, broke down the door, and pulled out a small metal box from his jacket. It contained a love letter to her. He had been carrying it every day for the last three years, in case he might meet her again one day.[citation needed]
With the passing years, Welles's domestic arrangements became more complicated. From 1966 he always maintained at least two separate homes, one with Kodar, the other with Mori and their daughter Beatrice, but he was an infrequent visitor to the home with Mori, citing the demands of work. In the 1960s and 1970s he shared houses just outside Paris and Madrid with Kodar. Although British tabloids reported his affair with Kodar as early as 1969 (which was a factor in his moving permanently to the USA in 1970), both Mori and Beatrice remained oblivious as to Kodar's existence until 1984. Welles set up a home with Mori and Beatrice in the United States (first in Sedona, then in Las Vegas), ostensibly because the climate would be good for his asthma. But while they lived in Las Vegas, he spent most of his time in Los Angeles, where he openly shared a house with Kodar. When Mori found out about Kodar in 1984, she threw him out of their Las Vegas house, and she and Beatrice did not see him for the last year of his life, although they still talked regularly on the telephone.[citation needed]
This situation had serious ramifications for the copyright status of his work after his death. Welles left Kodar his Los Angeles home and the rights to his unfinished films, and turned the rest over to Mori. Mori contended that she should have been left everything, and a year after Welles's death, Mori and Kodar finally agreed on the settlement of his will. On the way to their meeting to sign the papers, however, Mori was killed in a car accident in August 1986. Mori's half of the estate was inherited by Beatrice, who refused to come to an arrangement with Kodar, who she blames for undermining her parents' marriage. Legal wranglings between the two have persisted for over 25 years, leading to complex ongoing legal battles over who owns his unfinished films – legal action by Beatrice has at least three times prevented Welles's last film, The Other Side of the Wind, from being completed.[citation needed]
Welles had three daughters from his marriages: Christopher Welles Feder (born March 27, 1938, with Virginia Nicolson); Rebecca Welles Manning (December 17, 1944 – October 14, 2004, with Rita Hayworth); and Beatrice Welles (born November 13, 1955, with Paola Mori). His only known son, British director Michael Lindsay-Hogg (Sir Michael Lindsay-Hogg, 5th baronet, born May 5, 1940), is from Welles's affair with Irish actress Geraldine Fitzgerald, then the wife of Sir Edward Lindsay-Hogg, 4th baronet. Although Hogg knew Welles sporadically and occasionally worked as his assistant, and had long been rumoured to be his son given their strong physical resemblance, he refused to believe such rumours until he eventually took a paternity test in 2010.[51] In her autobiography, In My Father's Shadow, Welles Feder wrote about being a childhood friend and neighbor of Lindsay-Hogg's and always suspecting he might be her half-brother.[52]
After the death of Rebecca Welles Manning in 2004, a man named Marc McKerrow was revealed to be her biological son, and so the direct descendant of Orson Welles and Rita Hayworth. McKerrow's reactions to the revelation and his meeting with Oja Kodar are documented in the 2008 film Prodigal Sons.[citation needed]
Some of Welles's claimed familial ties have not held up under scrutiny. Despite the persistent urban legend, promoted by Welles himself, he was not the great-grandson of Abraham Lincoln's wartime Secretary of the Navy, Gideon Welles. Perhaps the genesis of the myth dates to a 1970 interview on The Dick Cavett Show during which Welles remarks about his venerable great-grandfather Gideon Welles. Orson Welles's father was Richard Head Welles, son of Richard Jones Welles; Gideon Welles had no son by that name. His sons were Hubert (1833–1862), John Arthur (1845–1883), Thomas G. (1846–1892), and Edgar Thaddeus Welles (1843–1914).[citation needed]
Physical characteristics[link]
Welles achieved a height of six feet at the age of 14.[53] Peter Noble's biography describes him as "a magnificent figure of a man, over six feet tall, handsome, with flashing eyes and a gloriously resonant speaking-voice"[54] According to a 1941 physical exam taken when he was 26, Welles was 6 feet (183 cm) tall and weighed 218 pounds (98.9 kg). His eyes were brown.[55] Other sources cite that he was 6 feet 4 inches (193 cm) tall, but the slates from costume tests made during the 1940s show him as 6 feet 1 inch (185 cm). Welles gained a significant amount of weight in his 40s, eventually rendering him morbidly obese, at one point weighing nearly four hundred pounds (181.4 kg). His obesity was severe to the point that it restricted his ability to travel, aggravated other health conditions, including his asthma, and even required him to go on a diet in order to play the famously portly Sir John Falstaff.[56] Some have attributed his over-eating and drinking to depression over his marginalization by the Hollywood system.[57]
Religious beliefs[link]
In April 1982, Merv Griffin interviewed Welles and asked about his religious beliefs. Welles replied, "I try to be a Christian, I don't pray really, because I don't want to bore God."[58] After the success of his 1941 film Citizen Kane, Welles announced that his next film would be about the life of Jesus, and that he would play the lead role. However, Welles never got around to making the film.[59] He narrated the Christian documentary The Late, Great Planet Earth as well as the 1961 Biblical film about the life of Christ, King of Kings.
Politics[link]
Welles was politically active from the beginning of his career. He remained a man of the left throughout his life, and always defined his political orientation as "progressive". He was a strong supporter of Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal, and often spoke out on radio in support of progressive politics. He campaigned heavily for Roosevelt in the 1944 election. For several years, he wrote a newspaper column on political issues and considered running for the U.S. Senate in 1946, representing his home state of Wisconsin (a seat that was ultimately won by Joseph McCarthy). In 1970, Welles narrated (but did not write) a satirical political record on the administration of President Richard Nixon entitled The Begatting of the President. He was also an early and outspoken critic of American racism and the practice of segregation.
In the 2006 book, Whatever Happened to Orson Welles?, writer Joseph McBride made several controversial claims about Welles. Though Welles said otherwise during his lifetime, McBride claimed Welles left America in the late 1940s to escape McCarthyism and the Hollywood blacklist.[60] McBride also claimed, in spite of the sexual content of Welles's contemporary work (F for Fake and the unfinished Other Side of the Wind which contained an explicit – for the time – sex scene involving Oja Kodar), that Welles was extremely puritanical about sex based on his comment to Peter Bogdanovich that The Last Picture Show was "a dirty movie".[61]
Welles once told Cahiers du cinéma about sex in film, "In my opinion, there are two things that can absolutely not be carried to the screen: the realistic presentation of the sexual act and praying to God."[62]
Death and funeral[link]
On October 10, 1985, Welles did his final interview on The Merv Griffin Show. He died several hours later of a heart attack at his home in the Hollywood area of Los Angeles, California, and was found slumped over his typewriter, working on a new film script.[63] His death came on the same day as his Battle of Neretva co-star Yul Brynner. He was cremated two days later.
Welles's funeral was the subject of some dissent among his family. It was handled by his estranged widow Paola Mori (she had not seen him since she had thrown him out of their family home a year earlier) and his youngest daughter Beatrice Welles. On the pretext that "daddy left no money for funerals or anything else", Beatrice planned for it to be "a simple affair" which deliberately excluded "Hollywood types". Welles's eldest daughter Chris has written of her horror at arriving in "a slum" district of downtown Los Angeles and finding that the funeral took place in a building that "looked more like a hot sheets motel than a funeral home", and that the funeral was booked in a small, bare, sparsely furnished shabby back room which "had the look of a cheap motel room", and had no music or flowers. No ministers, speakers or ceremony had been organized, and so the mourners simply sat in silence by Welles's cremated remains until Welles's 90-year-old former teacher and mentor Roger Hill gave an impromptu eulogy. Paola Mori had refused to allow most of Welles's friends to attend, limiting the mourners to just nine: herself, Welles's three daughters, Roger Hill, and three of Welles's friends (Gary Graver, Prince Alessandro Tasca di Cuto and Greg Garrison), as well as the doctor who had signed Welles's death certificate. Welles's companion for the last 20 years, Oja Kodar, was not invited, nor were either of his ex-wives. Regarding the proceedings, Hill exclaimed at the funeral itself "This is awful! Awful!" Hill took particular exception to Welles having been cremated to save money, since "Orson never wanted to be cremated. He hated the whole idea of cremation. Thank God he doesn't know what they did to him!"[64]
Welles's ashes were taken to Ronda, Spain, where they were buried in an old well covered by flowers, within the rural property of a long time friend, retired bullfighter Antonio Ordóñez.[65]
Filmography[link]
Main article: Orson Welles filmography
Unfinished projects[link]
Welles's reliance on self-production meant that many of his later projects were filmed piecemeal or were not completed. Welles financed his later projects through his own fundraising activities. He often also took on other work to obtain money to fund his own films.
[edit] Don Quixote
Main article: Don Quixote (unfinished film)
In the mid-1950s, Welles began work on Don Quixote, initially a commission from CBS television. Welles expanded the film to feature length, developing the screenplay to take Quixote and Sancho Panza into the modern age. Filming stopped with the death of Francisco Reiguera, the actor playing Quixote, in 1969. Orson Welles continued editing the film into the early 1970s. At the time of his death, the film remained largely a collection of footage in various states of editing. The project and more importantly Welles's conception of the project changed radically over time. A version of the film was created from available fragments in 1992 and released to a very negative reception.
[edit] The Merchant of Venice
Main article: The Merchant of Venice (unfinished film)
In 1969 Welles was given another TV commission to film a condensed adaptation of The Merchant of Venice.[66] Although Welles had actually completed the film by 1970 the finished negative was later mysteriously stolen from his Rome production office.[67]
[edit] The Other Side of the Wind
Main article: The Other Side of the Wind
In 1970 Welles began shooting The Other Side of the Wind. The film relates the efforts of a film director (played by John Huston) to complete his last Hollywood picture and is largely set at a lavish party. By 1972 the filming was reported by Welles as being "96% complete",[68] though it is likely that Welles had only edited about 40 minutes of the film by 1979.[69] In that year, legal complications over the ownership of the film forced the negative into a Paris vault where it remained until 2004, when Peter Bogdanovich (who also acted in the film) announced his intention to complete the production. As of 2009, legal complications over the Welles estate have kept the film from being finished or released. Some footage is included in the documentaries Working with Orson Welles (1993) and Orson Welles: One Man Band (1995).
Other unfinished projects[link]
- Heart of Darkness: Welles's projected first film in 1940, planned in extreme detail and with some test shots filmed. (The footage is now lost.) It was planned to be entirely shot in long takes from the point of view of the narrator, Marlow, who would be played by Welles, seeing his own reflection in the window as his boat sailed down river. The project was abandoned because it could not be delivered on budget, and Citizen Kane was made instead.[18]:30–33, 355–356
- It's All True: Welles did not originally want to direct this 1942 documentary on South America, but after its abandonment by RKO, he spent much of the 1940s attempting to buy the negative of his material from RKO, so that he could edit and release it in some form. The footage remained unseen in vaults for decades, and was assumed lost. Over 50 years later, some (but not all) of the surviving material saw release in the 1993 documentary It's All True: Based on an Unfinished Film by Orson Welles.
- Monsieur Verdoux: In 1944, Welles wrote the first-draft script of this film, which he also intended to direct. Charlie Chaplin initially agreed to star in it, but later changed his mind, citing never having been directed by someone else in a feature before. Chaplin bought the film rights and made the film himself in 1947, with some changes (Welles said the gallows scenes were written by Chaplin, but that much of the film was unchanged from his own script). The final film credits Chaplin with the script, "based on an idea by Orson Welles".
- Cyrano de Bergerac: Welles spent around nine months c. 1947-8 co-writing the screenplay for this along with Ben Hecht, a project Welles was assigned to direct for Alexander Korda. He began scouting for locations in Europe whilst filming Black Magic, but Korda was short of money, so sold the rights to Columbia pictures, who eventually dismissed Welles from the project, and then sold the rights on to United Artists, who in turn made a film version in 1950, which was not based on Welles's script.[18]:106–108
- Around the World in Eighty Days: After Welles's elaborate musical stageshow of this Jules Verne novel, encompassing 38 different sets, he began shooting some test footage in Morocco for a film version in 1947. The footage was never edited, funding never came through, and Welles abandoned the project. Nine years later, the stage show's producer Mike Todd made his own award-winning film version of the book.[18]:402
- Moby Dick—Rehearsed: a film version of Welles's 1955 London meta-play, starring Gordon Jackson, Christopher Lee, Patrick McGoohan, and with Welles as Ahab. Using bare, minimalist sets, Welles alternated between a cast of nineteenth-century actors rehearsing a production of Moby Dick, with scenes from Moby Dick itself. Kenneth Williams, a cast member who was apprehensive about the entire project, recorded in his autobiography that Welles's dim, atmospheric stage lighting made some of the footage so dark as to be unwatchable. The entire play was filmed, but is now presumed lost. The recording was made during one weekend at the Hackney Empire theatre.[70]
- Histoires extraordinaires: The producers of this 1968 anthology film, based on short stories by Edgar Allan Poe, announced in June 1967 that Welles would direct one segment based on both "Masque of the Red Death" and "The Cask of Amontillado" for the omnibus film. Welles withdrew in September 1967 and was replaced. The script, written in English by Welles and Oja Kodar, is in the Filmmuseum Munchen collection.[71]
- One-Man Band: This Monty Python-esque spoof in which Welles plays all but one of the characters (including two characters in drag), was made around 1968-9. Welles intended this completed sketch to be one of several items in a television special on London. Other items filmed for this special – all included in the "One Man Band" documentary by his partner Oja Kodar – comprised a sketch on Winston Churchill (played in silhouette by Welles), a sketch on peers in a stately home, a feature on London gentlemen's clubs, and a sketch featuring Welles being mocked by his snide Savile Row tailor (played by Charles Gray).[72]
- Treasure Island: Welles wrote two screenplays for this in the 1960s, and was eager to seek financial backing to direct it. Eventually, his own screenplay (under the pseudonym of O.W. Jeeves) was further rewritten, and formed the basis of the 1972 film version directed by John Hough, in which Welles played Long John Silver.
- The Deep: An adaptation of Charles Williams' Dead Calm. The picture was entirely set on two boats and shot mostly in close-ups, and was filmed off the coasts of Yugoslavia and the Bahamas, between 1966 and 1969, with all but one scene completed. Originally planned as commercially viable thriller, to show that Welles could make a popular, successful film. It was put on hold in 1970 when Welles worried that critics would not respond favourably to this film as his theatrical follow-up to the much-lauded Chimes at Midnight, and Welles focused instead on F for Fake. It was abandoned altogether in 1973 due to the death of its star Laurence Harvey. The Munich Film Museum holds a restored copy, with title cards filling out the missing scene.[citation needed]
- Saint Jack. In 1978 Welles was lined up by his long-time protégé Peter Bogdanovich (who was then acting as Welles's de facto agent) to direct this adaptation of the 1973 Paul Theroux novel about an American pimp in Singapore. Hugh Hefner and Bogdnovich's then-partner Cybill Shepherd were both attached to the project as producers, with Hefner providing finance through his Playboy productions. However, both Hefner and Shepherd became convinced that Bogdanovich himself would be a more commercially viable director than Welles, and insisted that Bogdanovich take over. Since Bogdanovich was also in need of work after a series of box office flops, he agreed. When the film was finally made in 1979 by Bogdanovich and Hefner (but without Welles or Shepherd's participation), Welles felt betrayed and according to Bogdanovich the two "drifted apart a bit".[73]
- Filming The Trial: After the success of his 1978 film Filming Othello made for West German television, and mostly consisting of a monologue to the camera, Welles began shooting scenes for this follow-up film, but never completed it.[74] What Welles did film was an 80 minute question-and-answer session in 1981 with film students asking about the film. The footage was kept by Welles's cinematographer Gary Graver, who donated it to the Munich Film Museum, which then pieced it together with Welles's trailer for the film, into an 83 minute film which is occasionally screened at film festivals.
- The Big Brass Ring: A script of this project was eventually adapted and filmed by George Hickenlooper in 1999 as a play-within-a-film, about Orson Welles's production of the play. Welles's complete screenplay was one of his last projects, written in the early 1980s. During the last years of his life, Welles struggled to get financing for the planned film; however, his efforts at casting Jack Nicholson, Robert Redford, Warren Beatty, Clint Eastwood, Burt Reynolds, and Paul Newman as the main character were unsuccessful. All of the actors turned down the role for various reasons.
- Cradle Will Rock: Welles planned on writing and directing a film centered around the 1937 staging of The Cradle Will Rock. Rupert Everett was slated to play the young Welles. However, Welles was unable to acquire funding. Tim Robbins later directed a similar film, but it was not based on Welles' script.
- King Lear: At the time of his death, Welles was in talks with a French production company to direct a film version of the Shakespeare play, in which he would also play the title role.
- An adaptation of Vladimir Nabokov's novel Ada for which Welles flew to Paris to discuss the project personally with the Russian author.
Awards and honors[link]
Further information: List of awards and nominations received by Orson Welles
- The American Film Institute ranked Citizen Kane as the greatest American movie. These other Welles films were nominated for their list: The Magnificent Ambersons (1942, director/producer/screenwriter); The Third Man (1949, actor); Touch of Evil (1958, actor/director/screenwriter); and A Man for All Seasons (1966, actor).
- Citizen Kane was nominated for numerous prizes at the 1941 Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director and Best Actor in a Leading Role. The only Oscar won, however, was Best Original Screenplay, which Welles shared with Herman J. Mankiewicz.
- The Magnificent Ambersons was nominated for four 1942 Academy Awards, including Best Picture.
- The Stranger was nominated for the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival in 1947.
- Othello won the Palme d'Or at the 1952 Cannes Film Festival.
- In 1968 Welles was nominated for Best Foreign Actor in a Leading Role at the 21st British Academy Film Awards for his performance in Chimes at Midnight.
- Welles was given the first Career Golden Lion award in the Venice Film Festival in 1970.
- In 1970, Welles was given an Academy Honorary Award for "superlative and distinguished service in the making of motion pictures."[75] Welles did not attend the ceremony: "I didn't go because I feel like a damn fool at those things. I feel foolish, really foolish. ... I made piece of film and said that I was in Spain, and thanked them."[76]
- Welles was given the American Film Institute Lifetime Achievement Award in 1975.
- In 1978, Welles was presented with the Los Angeles Film Critics Association Career Achievement Award.
- In 1979, Welles was inducted into the National Radio Hall of Fame.
- In Paris on February 23, 1982, President François Mitterrand presented Welles with the Order of Commander of the Légion d'honneur, the highest civilian decoration in France.[77][18]:449
- In 1982, Welles was nominated for Best Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture at the Golden Globe Awards for his role in Butterfly, and won a Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Recording for his role on Donovan's Brain.
- In 1983, Welles was made a member of the Académie des Beaux-Arts.[78]
- Welles was awarded a Fellowship of the British Film Institute in 1983.
- In 1984, Welles was given the Directors Guild of America Lifetime Achievement Award.
- The 1992 audiobook version of This is Orson Welles by Welles and Peter Bogdanovich was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word or Non-Musical Album.[79][80]
- In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Welles as the 16th Greatest Male Star of All Time.
- When asked to describe Welles's influence, Jean-Luc Godard remarked: "Everyone will always owe him everything." (Ciment, 42)
- A highly divergent genus of Hawaiian spiders "Orsonwelles" is named in his honor (Hormiga et al. 2003)
- He won three Grammy Awards, each win in the category of Best Spoken Word Recording: in 1976, for "Great American Documents" (shared with Helen Hayes, Henry Fonda and James Earl Jones; in 1978, for the original motion picture soundtrack to Citizen Kane; and in 1981, for a recording of Donovan's Brain.
- In 2008 a statue of Welles sculpted by Oja Kodar was erected in the town of Split, Croatia.[81]
Popular culture[link]
- One of the recurring celebrity characters on the influential Canadian sketch comedy TV show Second City Television was John Candy's impersonation of Welles. On SCTV, Candy-as-Welles appeared in an embarrassing array of commercials, talk shows, and other low-budget productions. It's unknown whether or not Welles ever saw Candy's impersonation.
- Author Kim Newman has featured Orson Welles as a character in several stories from his Anno Dracula series.
- Although the character Brain from the animated series Animaniacs and Pinky and the Brain was not initially modeled after Welles, Maurice LaMarche was shown a picture of Brain and tasked with finding a voice for the character. LaMarche immediately thought of Welles[82] and decided to do his Welles impersonation. LaMarche also played Welles in The Critic (where his "later work", ads for such products as 'Mrs. Pell's Fishsticks', is referenced) and in the Futurama episode "Lrrreconcilable Ndndifferences", in which he performs a War of the Worlds-like play.
- In Tim Burton's 1994 film Ed Wood, the character Orson Welles (played by Vincent D'Onofrio and dubbed by Maurice LaMarche) makes a brief "cameo appearance", giving advice to director Edward D. Wood, Jr. who idolises Welles. Inspired, Wood proceeds to finish his film Plan 9 from Outer Space, sometimes called one of the worst films of all time. Though Ed Wood is based on Wood's life, in reality the scene is entirely fictional: Wood never met Orson Welles. D'Onofrio would again portray Welles in the 2005 30-minute film Five Minutes Mr. Welles concerning Welles's role in the film The Third Man.
- In Peter Jackson's 1994 film Heavenly Creatures, the character Pauline Parker (played by Melanie Lynskey) attempts to include a picture of Orson Welles in the pantheon of beauty Juliet Hulme (played by Kate Winslet) has crafted, but is rebuffed.
- The 1996 film The Battle Over Citizen Kane, which chronicles the battle between Welles and Hearst, was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature.
- A 1999 HBO docudrama, RKO 281, tells the story of the making of Citizen Kane, starring Liev Schreiber as Orson Welles.
- Tim Robbins's 1999 film Cradle Will Rock chronicles the process and events surrounding Welles and John Houseman's production of the 1937 musical by Marc Blitzstein. In it, Welles is played by actor Angus MacFadyen.
- Playwright and actor Austin Pendleton wrote the 2000 play Orson's Shadow about Welles and his collaboration with Laurence Olivier. It deals with the time that Welles directed Laurence Olivier in a production of Eugène Ionesco's play Rhinoceros.
- In Michael Chabon's 2000 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay, the three main characters meet Orson Welles and attend the premiere of Citizen Kane, then stay up all night discussing the film's impression upon them afterwards.
- The film Fade to Black (2006) is a fictional thriller based on Welles's 1948 journey to Rome to star in the movie Black Magic.[83]
- The final segment of The Simpsons "Treehouse of Horror XVII" (2006) features a parody of Welles's 1938 War of the Worlds radio broadcast in which, having been fooled once, the people of Springfield refuse to believe that an actual alien invasion is taking place. Welles was again voiced by Maurice LaMarche in the episode.
- Me and Orson Welles (2009), based on Robert Kaplow's novel, stars Zac Efron as a teenager who convinces Welles (Christian McKay) to cast him in Welles's 1937 production of Julius Caesar.
- In March 2012, citizens of Woodstock, Illinois, and Wellesnet, the Orson Welles web resource, began petitioning the United States Postal Service to issue a stamp in 2015 to honor Orson Welles on the 100th anniversary of his birth.[84][85]
References[link]
- ^ a b Little green men, meowing nuns, and head-hunting panics. McFarland. http://books.google.com/books?id=GeWm-zM3NEoC&lpg=PP1&dq=Little%20Green%20Men%2C%20Meowing%20Nuns%20and%20Head-Hunting%20Panics%3A&pg=PA219#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved March 30, 2010.
- ^ Rosenbaum, Jonathan. Discovering Orson Welles. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. 2007. Pp. 6.
- ^ "Sight & Sound |Top Ten Poll 2002 – The Directors' Top Ten Directors". BFI. September 5, 2006. http://www.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/topten/poll/directors-directors.html. Retrieved December 30, 2009.
- ^ "Sight & Sound |Top Ten Poll 2002 – The Critics' Top Ten Directors". BFI. September 5, 2006. http://www.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/topten/poll/critics-directors.html. Retrieved December 30, 2009.
- ^ "TSPDT – The 1,000 Greatest Films: The Top 200 Directors". They Shoot Pictures, Don't They? Theyshootpictures.com. January 2010. Retrieved January 27, 2011.
- ^ Christey, Jaime N. "Orson Welles: An Incomplete Education". Senses of Cinema. Sensesofcinema.com. Accessed May 3, 2010.
- ^ "WC.rootsweb.ancestry.com". WC.rootsweb.ancestry.com. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=dowfam3&id=I38120. Retrieved March 20, 2012.
- ^ Welles, Orson, and Peter Bogdanovich; Jonathan Rosenbaum, editor, This is Orson Welles. Da Capo Press 1998 ISBN 0-306-80834-X. The second edition of the 1992 book was published in paperback with a new introduction ("My Orson") by Bogdanovich; Welles's gruff acknowledgment of his "submerged Catholicism" is noted on pp. xxxii–xxxiii.
- ^ "TCM biography". TCM. http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/participant.jsp?spid=203979&apid=119503. Retrieved February 19, 2010.
- ^ Heyer, Paul (2005). The medium and the magician: Orson Welles, the radio years, 1934–1952. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 3–5. ISBN 0-7425-3797-8.
- ^ Northwest Herald July 10, 1987
- ^ All For Hecuba, by Micheál Mac Liammóir; London: Methuen & Co. Ltd., 1946,p.134
- ^ Mosel, "Leading Lady: The World and Theatre of Katharine Cornell
- ^ "Macbeth (June 10, 1999). Library of Congress, American Memory. Retrieved August 25, 2009
- ^ Callow, Simon (1995). Orson Welles: The Road to Xanadu. Penguin. p. 145. ISBN 0-670-86722-5.
- ^ We Work Again (1937)
- ^ Leaming, Barbara (1985). Orson Welles. New York: Viking Penguin Inc. p. 114. ISBN 0-670-52895-1.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Welles, Orson, and Peter Bogdanovich, edited by Jonathan Rosenbaum, This is Orson Welles. New York: HarperCollins Publishers 1992 ISBN 0-06-016616-9 hardcover
- ^ Cotten, Joseph, Vanity Will Get You Somewhere. San Francisco: Mercury House, 1987 ISBN 0-916515-17-6 page 34
- ^ "Aaron Copland". Musicacademyonline.com. http://www.musicacademyonline.com/composer/biographies.php?bid=101. Retrieved March 20, 2012.
- ^ Campbell, W. Joseph (2010). Getting It Wrong: Ten of the Greatest Misreported Stories in American Journalism. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-26209-6.
- ^ "The spoof in Georgia: Evocative of the ‘War of the Worlds?". wordpress.com. http://mediamythalert.wordpress.com/tag/war-of-the-worlds/. Retrieved May 23, 2010.
- ^ "evidence of the decadence and corrupt condition of democracy"—Hand, Richard J. (2006). Terror on the Air!: Horror Radio in America, 1931–1952. Jefferson, North Carolina: Macfarlane & Company. p. 7. ISBN 0-7864-2367-6.
- ^ "Learn Out Loud". Learn Out Loud. http://www.learnoutloud.com/Catalog/Literature/-/The-Mercury-Theatre-on-the-Air/16905. Retrieved March 30, 2010.
- ^ a b c d e "Orson Welles", Authors and Artists for Young Adults 40 (2001)
- ^ Movies.nytimes.com, New York Times, May 2, 1941.
- ^ Barnett, Vincent L. "Cutting Koerners: Floyd Odlum, the Atlas Corporation and the Dismissal of Orson Welles from RKO". Film History: An International Journal, Volume 22, Number 2, 2010, pp.182–198.
- ^ "Orson Welles doth foully slaughter Shakespeare in a dialect version of his "Tragedy of Macbeth" — or so sayeth LIFE magazine". Wellesnet. http://www.wellesnet.com/?p=729. Retrieved September 1, 2011.
- ^ Williams, Tony. "Macbeth". Senses of Cinema. http://www.sensesofcinema.com/2006/cteq/macbeth-2/. Retrieved September 1, 2011.
- ^ King Lear at the Internet Movie Database; DVD Talk review February 9, 2010 (Retrieved December 29, 2011)
- ^ "Welles BBC interview". Wellesnet.com. http://www.wellesnet.com/trial%20bbc%20interview.htm. Retrieved March 30, 2010.
- ^ Interview with Orson Welles, BBC Arena, 1982.
- ^ Pre-production materials for Nero Wolfe (1976) are contained in the Orson Welles – Oja Kodar Papers 1910–1998 (Box 17) at the University of Michigan Special Collections Library.
- ^ Kleiner, Dick, Oakland Tribune, December 30, 1976; Lochte, Dick, "TV finally tunes in Nero Wolfe," Los Angeles Times, January 30, 1977; Smith, Liz, The Baltimore Sun, March 14, 1977
- ^ Lochte, Dick, "TV finally tunes in Nero Wolfe," Los Angeles Times, January 30, 1977; discussed by Lochte, March 8, 2000. Lochte interviewed Rex Stout May 27, 1967; McAleer, John, Rex Stout: A Biography, pp. 479–480
- ^ Kleiner, Dick, Oakland Tribune, December 30, 1976
- ^ Gilroy, Frank D., I Wake Up Screening. Carbondale, Illinois: Southern Illinois University Press, 1993, ISBN 0-8093-1856-3 p. 147
- ^ Boyer, Peter J., "NBC Fall Schedule," Associated Press, March 24, 1980
- ^ Beck, Marilyn, Marilyn Beck's Hollywood, Milwaukee Journal (Chicago Tribune New York News Syndicate), November 24, 1980. The Nero Wolfe Files (Wildside Press 2005, edited by Marvin Kaye), ISBN 0-8095-4494-6 pp. 87–88. Columnist Marilyn Beck reported that NBC's Nero Wolfe series was planned as a starring vehicle for Welles until he decided that he wanted NBC to change the concept from a one-hour weekly series to a series of 90-minute specials, and that he wanted his scenes filmed at his Los Angeles home. Some 20 years later, the executive producer of the A&E Nero Wolfe series, Michael Jaffe, said Welles had refused to work with Paramount Television producers, who wanted to "make Nero Wolfe more human."
- ^ "People in the News," Associated Press, October 26, 1982. Paul Masson's spokesman since 1979, Welles parted company with Paul Masson in 1981, and in 1982 he was replaced by John Gielgud.
- ^ Bronson, Gail, "In Advertising, Big Names Mean Big Money." U.S. News & World Report, July 4, 1983
- ^ Orson Welles' other works at the Internet Movie Database. The "probably" tag is still in use today.
- ^ Salmans, Sandra, "Many Stars are Playing Pitchmen – With No Regrets." The New York Times, May 3, 1981
- ^ Biography for Orson Welles at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ Magnum, P.I., episode "Paper War", 1986
- ^ Ramón, David (1997). Dolores del Río. Clío. pp. 56–61,. ISBN 968-6932-35-6.
- ^ Ramón (1997),vol. 3 p.11
- ^ Hedda Hopper, "Rita Hayworth Again Leaves Orson Welles", Los Angeles Times, March 13, 1947.
- ^ The Merv Griffin Show, October 10, 1985
- ^ Christopher Welles Feder, In My Father's Shadow: A Daughter Remembers Orson Welles (Mainstream Publishing, Edinburgh, 2009) p.168
- ^ Alex Witchel "Are You My Father, Orson Welles?" New York Times, September 30, 2011
- ^ Vanessa Thorpe "The 'Only Son' of Orson Welles to Take DNA Test", The Observer, January 30, 2010
- ^ Higham, Charles (1985). Orson Welles: The Rise and Fall of an American Genius. Macmillan. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-312-31280-0.
- ^ Noble, Peter (1956). The fabulous Orson Welles. Hutchinson. p. 19.
- ^ Simon Callow, Orson Welles: The Road to Xanadu
- ^ Chris Woodford. "Orson Welles and obesity: A rather fat ghandi: Explain that Stuff!". Explain that Stuff!<!. http://www.explainthatstuff.com/obesity.html. Retrieved December 30, 2009.
- ^ "Peter Conrad on Orson Welles | Film |". The Guardian (London: Arts.guardian.co.uk). August 29, 2003. http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2003/aug/29/4. Retrieved December 30, 2009.
- ^ Brady, Frank (1989). Citizen Welles: A Biography of Orson Welles. Scribner. p. 576. ISBN 0-684-18982-8.
- ^ The Battle Over Citizen Kane documentary, 1996, written and produced by Thomas Lennon, Richard Ben Cramer and Michael Epstein.
- ^ McBride, Joseph (2006). What Ever Happened to Orson Welles?: A Portrait of an Independent Career. University Press of Kentucky. p. 105. ISBN 0-8131-2410-7.
- ^ McBride, Joseph (2006). What Ever Happened to Orson Welles?: A Portrait of an Independent Career. University Press of Kentucky. p. 145. ISBN 0-8131-2410-7.
- ^ "I try to Be a Christian" Christianity Today. Published 5/19/2009.
- ^ McBride, Joseph (2006). What Ever Happened to Orson Welles?: A Portrait of an Independent Career. University Press of Kentucky. p. 223. ISBN 0-8131-2410-7.
- ^ Chris Welles Feder, In My Father's Shadow: A Daughter Remembers Orson Welles (Mainstream Publishing, Edinburgh, 2009) pp.1–9 contains a detailed description of the funeral
- ^ Botham, Noel (2006). The Book of Useless Information: An Official Publication of the Useless Information Society. Perigee. p. 25. ISBN 0-399-53269-2.
- ^ Estrin, Mark W. (2002). Orson Welles: interviews. Univ. Press of Mississippi. p. XXXIV. ISBN 978-1-57806-209-6.
- ^ McBride, Joseph (2006). What Ever Happened to Orson Welles?: A Portrait of an Independent Career. University Press of Kentucky. p. 234. ISBN 0-8131-2410-7.
- ^ Brady, Frank (1989). Citizen Welles: A Biography of Orson Welles. Scribner. p. 546. ISBN 0-684-18982-8.
- ^ Rosenbaum, Jonathan (2007). Discovering Orson Welles. University of California Press. p. 320. ISBN 978-0-520-25123-6.
- ^ "See also the relevant entries for 'Moby Dick' in Kenneth Williams' autobiography ''Just Williams''". Str.org.uk. http://www.str.org.uk/events/lectures/archive/lecture0811.shtml. Retrieved March 20, 2012.
- ^ French, Lawrence (August 30, 2009). "''Cinefantastique'' (August 30, 2009)". Cinefantastiqueonline.com. http://cinefantastiqueonline.com/2009/08/30/supernal-dreams-orson-welless-unfilmed-edgar-allan-poe-script-for-spirits-of-the-dead/. Retrieved March 20, 2012.
- ^ "Orson Welles: The One-Man Band". IMDB. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0117262/. Retrieved October 5, 2009.
- ^ Peter Bogdanovich and Orson Welles, This is Orson Welles (New York, 1992, revised 1997 edition) pp.xxi-xxii
- ^ McBride, Joseph (2006). What Ever Happened to Orson Welles?: A Portrait of an Independent Career. University Press of Kentucky. p. 253. ISBN 0-8131-2410-7.
- ^ Verswijver, Leo (2003). "Movies Were Always Magical": Interviews with 19 Actors, Directors, and Producers from the Hollywood of the 1930s Through the 1950s. McFarland. p. 89. ISBN 0-7864-1129-5.
- ^ Leaming, Barbara (1995). Orson Welles: A Biography. Hal Leonard Corporation. p. 511. ISBN 0-87910-199-7.
- ^ McBride, Joseph, Whatever Happened to Orson Welles? The University Press of Kentucky, 2006 ISBN 0-8131-2410-7 page 207
- ^ Leaming, Barbara, Orson Welles: A Biography.New York Viking Press 1985 ISBN 0-670-52895-1 page 508
- ^ "Rock to opera, a full list of nominees"; USA Today, January 8, 1993
- ^ This is Orson Welles, HarperAudio (September 30, 1992) ISBN 1-55994-680-6 (audiocassette)
- ^ Ivo Scepanovic. "Orson Welles becomes "Citizen of Split"". SETimes. http://www.setimes.com/cocoon/setimes/xhtml/en_GB/features/setimes/features/2008/01/17/feature-03.
- ^ "Interview with Quick Stop Entertainment (5th question)". Quickstopentertainment.com. http://www.quickstopentertainment.com/?p=1153&page=2. Retrieved March 20, 2012.
- ^ Ken Russell, Fade to Black gives us Orson Welles as a hungry hustler, Times of London, March 6, 2008.
- ^ "Orson Welles' fans push for commemorative U.S. stamp in time for centennial celebration"; The Republican (Springfield, Massachusetts), March 11, 2102
- ^ Kelly, Ray, "A Centenary Birthday Stamp for Orson Welles"; Wellesnet, March 11, 2012
Bibliography[link]
- Anderegg, Michael: Orson Welles, Shakespeare and Popular Culture, New York: Columbia University Press, 1999
- Anile, Alberto: Orson Welles in Italia, Milan: il Castoro, 2006
- Bazin, Andre: Orson Welles, Harper and Row, 1978
- Benamou, Catherine L.: It's All True: Orson Welles's Pan-American Odyssey, Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007
- Beja, Morris, ed.: Perspectives on Orson Welles, G. K. Hall, 1995
- Berg, Chuck and Erskine, Tom, ed.: The Encyclopedia of Orson Welles, Checkmark Books, 2003
- Bessy, Maurice: Orson Welles: An investigation into his films and philosophy, Crown, 1971
- Bogdanovich, Peter and Welles, Orson This is Orson Welles, HarperPerennial 1992, ISBN 0-06-092439-X
- Brady, Frank: Citizen Welles, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1989
- Callow, Simon: The Road to Xanadu. London: Jonathan Cape, 1995.
- Callow, Simon: Hello Americans. London: Jonathan Cape, 2006.
- Carringer, Robert: The Making of Citizen Kane, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985
- Carringer, Robert: The Magnificent Ambersons: a Reconstruction, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993
- Ciment, Michel: "Les Enfants Terribles" in American Film, December 1984 (French)
- Comito, Terry, ed.: Touch of Evil, Rutgers, 1985
- Conrad, Peter: Orson Welles: The Stories of His Life, London: Faber and Faber, 2003
- Cowie, Peter: The Cinema of Orson Welles, Da Capo Press, 1973.
- D'Angela, Toni (ed.), Nelle terre di Orson Welles, Alessandria: Edizioni Falsopiano 2004.
- Davies, Anthony: Filming Shakespeare's Plays, Cambridge University Press, 1988
- Drazin, Charles: In Search of the Third Man, Limelight, 2000
- Estrin, Mark: Orson Welles Interviews, University Press of Mississippi, 2002
- Feder, Chris Welles: In My Father's Shadow: a Daughter Remembers Orson Welles, Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill, 2009
- France, Richard, ed.: Orson Welles on Shakespeare, London: Routledge, 2001
- France, Richard: "The Theatre of Orson Welles", Bucknell University Press, 1977
- Garis, Robert: "The Films of Orson Welles", Cambridge University Press, 2004
- Gosling, John: "Waging the War of the Worlds", McFarland & Company, Inc, 2009
- Gottesman, Ronald, ed.: Focus on Citizen Kane, Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1971
- Gottesman, Ronald, ed.: Focus on Orson Welles, Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1976
- Greene, Graham: The Third Man, London: Faber and Faber, 1991
- Heyer, Paul: The Medium and the Magician: Orson Welles, the Radio Years, Totowa: Rowman and Littlefield, 2005
- Heylin, Clinton. Despite the System: Orson Welles Versus the Hollywood Studios, Chicago Review Press, 2005
- Higham, Charles: The Films of Orson Welles, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1970
- Higham, Charles: "Orson Welles: The Rise and Fall of an American Genius", New York: St. Martin's Press, 1985
- Hormiga, G., M.A. Arnedo & R.G. Gillespie, 2003, "Speciation on a Conveyor Belt: Sequential Colonization of the Hawaiian Islands by "Orsonwelles" spiders (Araneae: Linyphiidae)., Syst. Biol. 52, 89–109.
- Howard, James: "The Complete Films of Orson Welles", Citadel Press, 1991
- Ishaghpour, Youssef: Orson Welles, cinéaste, une caméra visible, éditions de la différence, 2001 (French)
- Jorgens, Jack J.: Shakespeare on Film, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1977
- Leaming, Barbara: Orson Welles, New York: Viking, 1985
- Lyons, Bridget Gellert, ed.: Chimes at Midnight, Rutgers, 1988
- Mac Liammóir, Micháel. Put Money in Thy Purse: The Filming of Orson Welles's Othello, Virgin, 1994
- McBride, Joseph: Orson Welles, Harcourt Brace, 1977
- McBride, Joseph: Orson Welles, Da Capo Press, 1996.
- Mulvey, Laura: Citizen Kane, London: BFI, 1992
- Naremore, James. The Magic World of Orson Welles, Southern Methodist University Press, 1989.
- Naremore, James, ed.: Orson Welles's Citizen Kane: a Casebook, Oxford University Press, 2004
- Noble, Peter: The Fabulous Orson Welles, London: Hutchinson and Co., 1956
- Perkins, V. F.: The Magnificent Ambersons, London: BFI, 1999
- Rosenbaum, Jonathan: "Orson Welles's Essay Films and Documentary Fictions", in Placing Movies, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995
- Rosenbaum, Jonathan: "The Battle Over Orson Welles", in Essential Cinema, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004
- Rosenbaum, Jonathan: "Orson Welles as Ideological Challenge" in Movie Wars, A Capella Books, 2000
- Rosenbaum, Jonathan: Discovering Orson Welles, Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007
- Shakespeare Bulletin, Volume 23, Number 1, Spring 2005: Special Welles issue.
- Simon, William G., ed.: "Special Welles issue", in: Persistence of Vision: the Journal of the Film Faculty of the City University of New York; Number 7, 1988
- Simonson, Robert. "Orson's Shadow Talkback Series Continues May 4 with Welles's Daughter." May 3, 2005
- Taylor, John Russell: Orson Welles: a Celebration, Pavilion, 1986
- Taylor, John Russell: Orson Welles, Pavilion, 1998
- Walsh, John Evangelist: Walking Shadows: Orson Welles, William Randolph Hearst and Citizen Kane, Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2004
- Walters, Ben: Welles, London: Haus Publishing, 2004 ISBN 978-1-904341-80-2
- Welles, Orson: Les Bravades, Workman, 1996
- Welles, Orson and Bogdanovich, Peter: This is Orson Welles, Da Capo Press, 1998.
- Welles, Orson: Mr. Arkadin, London: HarperCollins, 2006
- Welles, Orson: The Big Brass Ring, Black Spring Press, 1991
- Welles, Orson: The Cradle Will Rock, Santa Teresa Press, 1994
- Welles, Orson: "The Other Side of the Wind", in: Cahiers du cinéma/ Festival International du Film de Locarno, 2005
- White, Rob: The Third Man, London: BFI, 2003
- Wood, Bret: Orson Welles: a Bio-Bibliography, Greenwood Blue, 1990
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Orson Welles |
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Orson Welles |
- Wellesnet: The Orson Welles Web Resource
- Wellesnet messageboard
- Orson Welles at the Internet Movie Database
- Orson Welles at AllRovi
- Orson Welles at the TCM Movie Database
- Orson Welles at the Internet Broadway Database
- Orson Welles – The One Man Band (1995)
- Senses of Cinema Great Directors Critical Database: Orson Welles
- Orson Welles bibliography
- Mercury Theatre on the Air
- The Unseen Welles
- Guide to the Orson Welles Materials, Lilly Library, Indiana University
- Finding Aid for the Orson Welles – Oja Kodar Papers 1910–1998 (bulk 1965–1985 ), Special Collections Library, University of Michigan
- Finding Aid for the Richard Wilson – Orson Welles Papers 1930–2000 (bulk 1930–1991 ), Special Collections Library, University of Michigan
- Orson Welles: A Man of a Certain Ego by Rodger Jacobs at Pop Matters
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| Name | Welles, Orson |
| Alternative names | Welles, George Orson |
| Short description | Broadcaster, director, actor |
| Date of birth | May 6, 1915 |
| Place of birth | Kenosha, Wisconsin, United States |
| Date of death | October 10, 1985 |
| Place of death | Los Angeles, United States |
http://wn.com/Orson_Welles
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orson_Welles
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
