Charles Elson "Buddy" Roemer III (born October 4, 1943) is an American politician who was a candidate for the presidential nominations of the Republican Party[2] and the Reform Party,[3] respectively, in 2012. He withdrew. He was seeking the 2012 Americans Elect presidential nomination until that group announced it would not field a candidate in 2012 because no candidate reached the required minimum threshold of support to be on its ballot.[4] He also served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1981 to 1988 before serving as the 76th Governor of Louisiana (52nd since U.S. Statehood), from 1988 to 1992.
In March 1991, while serving as Governor, Roemer switched from the Democratic to the Republican Party.[5]
Buddy Roemer was born on October 4, 1943, in Shreveport[6] to Charles E. "Budgie" Roemer II[7][8][9] and the former Adeline McDade.[6] Roemer's maternal grandfather, Ross McDade, married a sister of former Shreveport Mayor James C. Gardner's maternal grandmother. Gardner knew Roemer's grandfather as "Uncle Ross". However, McDade's wife died, and he remarried, from which union came Adeline Roemer. The two were not close politically.
He grew up on the Scopena plantation near Bossier City.[10] He attended public schools and graduated as valedictorian of Bossier High School in 1960. He graduated from Harvard College with a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics in 1964 and received an MBA in finance from Harvard Business School in 1967.
After college, Roemer returned to Louisiana to work in his father’s computer business and later founded two banks. He was elected in 1972 as a delegate to the Louisiana Constitutional Convention held in 1973.[11] Among the Shreveport-area delegates who served with Roemer was his future gubernatorial advisor Robert G. Pugh, future U.S. District Judge Tom Stagg, and former Louisiana State Representative Frank Fulco.
Roemer's father had been Edwin Washington Edwards' campaign manager in 1971, and became commissioner of administration during Edwards' first term as governor. Buddy Roemer worked on the Edwards campaign as a regional leader and later started a political consulting firm.
As a member of Congress, Roemer represented the northwestern Louisiana district anchored about Shreveport and Bossier City.
In 1978, Roemer lost in a jungle primary for the Louisiana's 4th congressional district seat in Congress, which was being vacated by popular incumbent Joe Waggonner. The incumbent announced his opposition to Roemer after Roemer criticized the excessive costs of the Red River navigation program, which was a favored project of the retiring Waggonner. Roemer finished third in the primary to Democratic State Representative Buddy Leach Jr. (27%) and Republican Jimmy Wilson, a former State Representative.[12] Leach went on to defeat Wilson by 266 votes in a disputed vote count.
In 1980, Roemer and Wilson again challenged Leach in the primary. That time, Wilson finished in third place, Roemer ranked second with 27%, and Leach ranked first with 29%. In the general election, Roemer defeated Wilson 64%–36%.[13]
After his 1980 election win, Roemer won re-election unopposed in 1982, 1984, and 1986.
In Congress, Roemer frequently supported Reagan policy initiatives and fought with the Democratic congressional leadership,[10] though he remained in the party. He also criticized then Democratic House leader Thomas P. O'Neill Jr. for being "too liberal", and was in turn characterized by Speaker O'Neill as being "often wrong but never in doubt."[14][15]. After Roemer left the House to become governor, he was succeeded by his administrative assistant, Republican Jim McCrery.
In 1988, he said Democratic presidential nominee Michael Dukakis made "a much better choice in terms of politics and impact on Louisiana" in tapping U.S. Senator Lloyd Bentsen of Texas than Republican George H.W. Bush made in choosing U.S. Senator Dan Quayle of Indiana.[16]
In his first term, he was not on any committees.[17] He was a member of the "boll weevil" and the Conservative Democratic Forum.[18]
Buddy Roemer was one of a large number of Democratic candidates to challenge three-term incumbent governor Edwin Edwards, whose flamboyant personality and reputation for questionable ethical practices had polarized voters. Other candidates challenging Edwards in the primary were Congressmen Bob Livingston, a Metairie Republican, and Billy Tauzin, a Democrat from Lafourche Parish. Outgoing Secretary of State James H. "Jim" Brown, originally a lawyer from Ferriday in Concordia Parish, also challenged Edwards.
While Edwards faced a wide field, Roemer's candidacy had a poignant aspect. His father, Charles "Buddy" Roemer II, had been Edwards' top aide and campaign manager during Edwards' first term as governor. In 1981, Roemer's father went to prison for selling state insurance contracts.
Roemer launched a fiery campaign against Edwards, calling for a "Roemer Revolution", where he would "scrub the budget", overhaul the education system, reform campaign finance rules, and slash the state bureaucracy by "bricking up the top three floors of the Education Building." Perhaps the key moment in the 1987 race came at a forum among the candidates. As usual, the main topic of discussion was Edwin Edwards. His challengers were asked, in succession, if they would consider endorsing Edwards in the general election if they didn't make it to the runoff. The candidates hedged, particularly Secretary of State Jim Brown. The last candidate to speak was Roemer: "No, we've got to slay the dragon. I would endorse anyone but Edwards." The next day, as political commentator John Maginnis put it, Brown was explaining his statement while Roemer was ordering "Slay the Dragon" buttons. Boosted by his endorsement as the 'good government candidate' by nearly every newspaper in the state, Roemer stormed from last place in the polls and on election night, overtook Edwards and placed first in the primary election, with 33 percent of the vote compared with Edwards' 28 percent.
Edwards, recognizing he faced certain defeat, made the surprise announcement on election night that he would concede the race to Roemer. By withdrawing, Edwards denied Roemer the opportunity to build a governing coalition in the general election race, thus denying him a decisive majority victory. The defeated Edwards virtually ceded control of the state to Roemer even before the inauguration.
Roemer entered the governor's office on March 14, 1988. Despite his come-from-behind 1987 win for governor, a reputation for articulateness, and reputed ambition for national office, some argue Roemer's performance in office appeared to be inconsistent. Though he was considered a reformer who won election promising a "revolution in Louisiana," he supposedly compiled a thin record of lasting accomplishments during his gubernatorial term. He also had somewhat poor relations with state legislators.
Facing a $1.3 billion deficit in the state budget, his first job was eliminating the huge deficit. Roemer's first chief of staff, Len Sanderson, Jr., had previously been a journalist from Alexandria and had run Roemer's gubernatorial campaign and was a close confidant. He represented the reform-minded agenda that had redefined Louisiana politics during Roemer's first session. According to Ron Gomez, Roemer's secretary of natural resources and a former legislator from Lafayette, the LSU-educated Sanderson "with his blond hair spilling to below shoulder length, stepped on so many toes and got into so many faces that he didn't make it into the second year."[19] After another interim appointment, Roemer named former State Representative P.J. Mills of Shreveport as chief of staff, to, in the words of Gomez, "bring some maturity and experience to the office."[20] Other sources maintain that Sanderson was an effective chief of staff who left office solely to rehabilitate from a tragic automobile accident. In fact, the majority of reform legislation was passed during the first months of the Roemer administration while Sanderson was chief of staff. Many say that Sanderson's departure was a turning point and that the "revolutionary character" of the administration moved from the successful reform platform toward a more traditional political agenda.
Roemer called a special session of the legislature to push an ambitious tax and fiscal reform program for state and local governments. He vowed to slash spending, abolish programs, and close state-run institutions. Voters rejected his proposals in a statewide constitutional referendum.
As governor, Roemer worked to boost lagging teacher pay and toughened laws on campaign finance. State employees and retirees received small pay increases too, the first in many years of austere state budgets. Roemer was also the first governor in recent state history to put a priority on protecting the environment. His secretary of the Department of Environmental Quality, Paul Templet, repeatedly angered Louisiana's politically powerful oil and gas industry. The legislature, dominated by supporters of Edwards, repeatedly opposed Roemer's initiatives. Roemer also acquired a reputation for being difficult to work with, something he had been frequently accused of as a member of the House as well.
In 1990, Roemer vetoed a bill – authored by Democratic Senator Mike Cross and supported by the influential Republican Senator Fritz Windhorst of Gretna and state Senate President, Allen Bares of Lafayette. Bares had been supported by Roemer as Senate president over Sydney B. Nelson of Shreveport, who had been politicking behind the scenes for months for the position. That notwithstanding, when after two years, senators removed Bares from the position and returned previous president Sammy Nunez of Chalmette in St. Bernard Parish, it was seen as a rebuke to Roemer.
As for the Cross bill, which would have banned abortion in cases of incest, Roemer said it was incompatible with the United States Supreme Court decision Roe v. Wade. His veto alienated large numbers of his socially conservative electoral base. The legislature subsequently overrode Roemer's veto with an even larger margin than in the original bill – another slap at Roemer. Nevertheless, in 1991, United States District Judge Adrian G. Duplantier of New Orleans, a former state senator, ruled that the measure was in conflict with Roe v. Wade.
Roemer also came under fire for hiring a friend to teach positive thinking to his staff. Staffers were asked to wear rubber bands on their wrists and were told to snap a band whenever they had negative thoughts.[21] Earlier, in 1989, Roemer had separated from his second wife, the former Patti Crocker, with the divorce final, after 17 years of marriage, in 1990.[22][23]
Roemer, furthermore, presided over the legalization of a state lottery and controversial riverboat gambling, initiatives some reformers opposed. In 1991, with his support, the legislature legalized 15 floating casinos throughout Louisiana and video poker at bars and truck stops throughout the state. He thus ushered in the modern era of gambling in Louisiana (though would leave office before the riverboat casinos or video poker went on line).
In March 1991, Roemer switched to the Republican Party just months before the state elections,[21] apparently at the urging of Bush White House Chief of Staff John H. Sununu. Roemer, as a new Democratic governor, had appeared at the 1988 Republican Convention in New Orleans to greet the delegates. The convention was held in New Orleans through the urging of longtime Louisiana Republican National Committeewoman Virginia Martinez, who had worked for Livingston in the previous campaign. She was also the chairman of the 1988 Host Committee.[24]
Roemer's late-term party switch dismayed as many Republican politicians and activists as it did Democrats. One irate Republican was the state party chairman, William "Billy" Nungesser of New Orleans. Failing to get the Louisiana Republicans' endorsement convention canceled, Roemer skipped the event. The convention, as expected, endorsed U.S. Representative Clyde C. Holloway, the favored candidate of the pro-life forces in the state, with whom Roemer was at odds at the time.[25]
The 1991 gubernatorial contest included Roemer, Edwin Edwards, David Duke, and Eighth District Congressman Clyde C. Holloway of Forest Hill, who all ran in Louisiana's open primary. Roemer was wounded by his mistakes as governor, while Edwards and Duke each had a passionate core group of supporters. Roemer placed third in the primary. One of the contributing factors to Roemer's defeat in the 1991 primary was a last-minute advertising barrage by Marine Shale owner Jack Kent. Marine Shale had been targeted by the Roemer administration as a polluter. Kent spent $500,000 of his own money in the closing days of the campaign to purchase anti-Roemer commercials.
Roemer's defeat led to a nationally watched runoff election between Duke and Edwards. Faced with the alternative of David Duke, many Louisianans who were otherwise critical of Edwards now looked favorably on Edwards. This included Buddy Roemer, who had run originally on an "Anyone but Edwards" platform. He ended up endorsing Edwards rather than Duke, who was the putative Republican candidate.
After the 1991 election cycle concluded, Roemer teamed up with a long time friend, Joe Traigle, to form The Sterling Group, Inc. The two met in the late 1960s in Shreveport, Louisiana when they were both active in the Junior Chamber of Commerce (Jaycees).
The Sterling Group specialized in international trade of plastic raw materials between the US and Mexico. Roemer served as the Chairman of the board and Traigle served as President. Roemer was a strong supporter of improving Louisiana and US trade with Mexico. Traigle bought Roemer out of the company in 1997.
In 1995, Roemer attempted a comeback, running again for governor. Having been squeezed out in 1991 between Edwards and Duke, Roemer chose to run on a much more conservative platform in 1995, emphasizing an anti-crime and anti-welfare stance. For example, he called for prisoner chain gangs to clean up litter on state highways. Roemer held a wide lead for much of the campaign, but faded in the days before the primary election as conservative state senator Mike Foster, who switched affiliation from Democratic to Republican during the campaign, peeled conservative votes away from him. Roemer finished fourth with 18 percent of the vote, two percentage points from making the runoff.
In the summer of 2004, Roemer briefly considered entering the race to succeed retiring U.S. Senator John Breaux. Roemer passed on the race, and Republican Representative David Vitter of suburban New Orleans was elected to replace Breaux.
Having failed at his political comeback, Roemer has in recent years been an investor and banker. He formed one company that built retirement housing for retirees near universities, with alumni from each university being the target buyers. He also founded Business First Bank, based in Baton Rouge.
In June 2005, Roemer underwent triple bypass heart surgery at the Baton Rouge General Medical Center.[26] In 2008, Roemer supported and campaigned for U.S. Senator John McCain of Arizona for President of the United States.
Roemer is currently President and CEO of Business First Bank in Baton Rouge.
In 2000, Roemer was inducted into the Louisiana Political Museum and Hall of Fame in Winnfield.
Ron Gomez (a Lafayette politicist) said that he believes Roemer "could have been one of Louisiana's great governors. The state's horrible financial condition when he took office, his dependence on an inexperienced and sometimes rashly immature staff in his first year or so, an overly-ambitious legislative agenda and his own unpredictable dealings with individual legislators all contributed to the failures he suffered. Ultimately, all of these factors led to his running third, as the incumbent, in the 1991 gubernatorial election."[27] Gomez describes Roemer as "a dynamic orator who could light up an audience with his first two sentences. When he got wound up it was truly evangelical, and he made sense. His wiry, five foot seven, one-hundred thirty-five pound frame would seem to uncoil and grow as he outlined his vision as a fighter against crime, corruption and waste in government, poor education, taxes and industrial pollution."[28]
In January 2011, Roemer told Baton Rouge television station WAFB that he was considering a bid for the U.S. presidency in 2012.[29][30][31] On July 21, 2011 at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire, Roemer announced his entry as a candidate for the Republican nomination for President.
On March 3, 2011, Roemer announced the formation of an exploratory committee to prepare for a possible run for the 2012 presidential nomination of the Republican Party.[32] Roemer stressed that campaign finance reform would be a key issue in his campaign.[33] Pledging to limit campaign contributions to $100 per individual, Roemer appeared as one of five candidates at a 2011 March forum in Iowa sponsored by the Faith and Freedom Coalition.[34]
- Candidate campaign participation
Roemer was not invited to any of the Republican debates because he failed to meet the 7% minimum criterion for popularity in polls[35]. Roemer was not included as an option in several polls[36] until the 2012 Iowa Caucus and the 2012 New Hampshire Primary in early January.[37] Roemer attempted to reach audiences through social media, including tweeting responses to debates in which he could not participate. His donations averaged $30,000 a month, far below what is raised by the front runners.[38]
This difference in campaign fundraising may be attributed to the fact that Roemer limited donations to $100 per US citizen, and denied all PAC, Super PAC, and corporate donations.[39] His campaign garnered some visibility when Roemer starred in an advertisement for Stephen Colbert's Super PAC, in November 2011. The ad lampooned the flimsiness of legal restrictions against Super PACs coordinating with the candidates they support.[40]
On Wednesday, November 30, 2011, Roemer officially announced that he would seek the Americans Elect nomination.[41][42] On May 17, 2012, Americans Elect announced that they would not put forth a candidate in the 2012 presidential elections.[4]
On February 23, 2012, Roemer dropped out of the GOP nomination to seek the Reform Party's nomination.[43] On May 31, 2012, he announced that he was ending his 2012 presidential campaign altogether.[3]
- ^ Duckler, Ray (October 2, 2011). "Surprise! Roemer's running". Concord Monitor. http://www.concordmonitor.com/article/280231/surprise-roemers-running?CSAuthResp=1317617091%3Aafl7uvg6ppa5egiieeohv9fnq0%3ACSUserId%7CCSGroupId%3Aapproved%3AE4827E5DFDA271EF870E5724CDEB73FD&CSUserId=94&CSGroupId=1.
- ^ Tilove, Jonathan (February 22, 2012). "Buddy Roemer gives up GOP bid to seek two third-party nods". The Times-Picayune. http://www.nola.com/politics/index.ssf/2012/02/buddy_roemer_gives_up_gop_bid.html. Retrieved February 23, 2012.
- ^ a b Burns, Alexander (May 31, 2012) "Buddy Roemer quits 2012 race", Politico. Retrieved May 31, 2012
- ^ a b Liptak, Kevin (May 17, 2012). "Third party effort packs it in for 2012". CNN. http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2012/05/17/third-party-effort-packs-it-in-for-2012/. Retrieved May 17, 2012.
- ^ "ROEMER, Charles Elson (Buddy), III". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000384. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ^ a b Mullaney, Marie Marmo (1994). Biographical directory of the governors of the United States, 1988–1994. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 149. ISBN 978-0-313-28312-3. http://books.google.com/books?id=gN_LGy81_iIC&pg=PA149&dq=roemer+adeline&hl=en&ei=juRMTajjF4m6sQPqqsm8Cg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved February 4, 2011.
- ^ Bradley, John Ed (March 20, 1988). "The Ballad of Buddy Roemer". Washington Post. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/73577821.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Mar+20%2C+1988&author=John+Ed+Bradley&pub=The+Washington+Post+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&edition=&startpage=w.33&desc=The+Ballad+of+Buddy+Roemer. Retrieved December 12, 2010. http://www.hamiltonmixon.com/Ballad.pdf
- ^ Current biography yearbook, Volume 51. University of Michigan. 1990. p. 531. http://books.google.com/books?id=B5MYAAAAIAAJ&q=frances+demler&dq=frances+demler&hl=en&ei=WLMFTZ_QIpGasAOKwMS1DQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCMQ6AEwAA. Retrieved December 12, 2010.
- ^ McGee, Kevin T. (October 26, 1987). "La. Gov Quits Race". USA Today: p. 2A. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/USAToday/access/55757366.html?dids=55757366:55757366&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct+26%2C+1987&author=Kevin+T.+McGee&pub=USA+TODAY+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=La.+gov+quits+race&pqatl=google. Retrieved February 2, 2011.
- ^ a b Fuerbringer, J. (June 12, 1987). "Roemer finds poker valuable". The Times-News. New York Times News Service (Hendersonville, NC): p. 24. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=G7wbAAAAIBAJ&sjid=X04EAAAAIBAJ&pg=4311,2433588&dq=roemer+scopena-plantation&hl=en. Retrieved February 5, 2011.
- ^ "Governor Buddy Roemer is a Maverick Southern Politician". Waycross Journal-Herald. Associated Press. October 16, 1990. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=JVtaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=yUwNAAAAIBAJ&pg=6897,99490.
- ^ "LA District 4 – Open Primary Race – Sep 16, 1978". Our Campaigns. http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=32017. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ^ "LA District 4 Race – Nov 04, 1980". Our Campaigns. http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=49554. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ^ http://www.nytimes.com/1987/06/10/us/washington-talk-avocations-networking-at-the-poker-table.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm
- ^ http://www.nytimes.com/1987/06/10/us/washington-talk-avocations-networking-at-the-poker-table.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm
- ^ "Roemer criticizes Quayle as VP choice". The Advocate. August 18, 1988. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=AD&p_theme=ad&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB475001AA629B0&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ^ "Democrats tighten ranks". The Evening News. January 7, 1981. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=xvRiAAAAIBAJ&sjid=_20NAAAAIBAJ&pg=3574,1008767&dq=buddy+roemer+committee&hl=en.
- ^ Baker, Kathryn (December 26, 1984). "Weevils flourish". Portsmouth Daily Times. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=LLdcAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ulgNAAAAIBAJ&pg=3736,404708&dq=buddy+roemer&hl=en.
- ^ Gomez, Ron (2000), My Name Is Ron And I'm a Recovering Legislator: Memoirs of a Louisiana State Representative, Lafayette, Louisiana: Zemog Publishing, p. 171, ISBN 0-9700156-0-7
- ^ Ron Gomez, p. 168
- ^ a b "Trio in Louisiana make up unusual slate for governor". The Milwaukee Journal. Associated Press. March 18, 1991. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=TjQdAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ViwEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5904,3378123.
- ^ "Names ... in the news". The Union Democrat. September 5, 1990. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=qR5ZAAAAIBAJ&sjid=vEYNAAAAIBAJ&pg=3470,163944.
- ^ Louisiana Governors: Rulers, Rascals, and Reformers. Univ. Press of Mississippi. 2008. p. 265. ISBN 978-1-934110-90-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=Y-0-kmu4vk0C&pg=PA265&lpg=PA265&dq=patti+roemer&source=bl&ots=GXr95BYi1B&sig=yD2io3a4JmfA3gBmu6FhALXcLlE&hl=en&ei=MTyJTtzaEcTmiALsl42oDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CCIQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved October 2, 2011.
- ^ "M Obituaries Orleans Parish Louisiana: 001924 Martinez". LAGenWeb Archives. Archived from the original on October 31, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071031083718/http://ftp.rootsweb.com/pub/usgenweb/la/orleans/obits/1/m-07.txt. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
- ^ Thomas, Patrick (June 14, 1991). "Louisiana GOP expected to reject Roemer". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/1991-06-14/news/mn-658_1_louisiana-republican-party. Retrieved March 13, 2011.
- ^ "Ex-Governor at Home After Bypass Surgery". KLFY. June 28, 2005. http://www.klfy.com/story/3530940/ex-governor-at-home-after-bypass-surgery?redirected=true. Retrieved October 5, 2011.
- ^ Ron Gomez, p. 169
- ^ Ron Gomez, pp. 169–170
- ^ Kornacki, Steve (2011-03-03) The White House hopeful who lost to the Klansman, Salon.com
- ^ "A Louisiana Governor for President – Weekly column by John Maginnis". LaPolitics.com. Archived from the original on Jan. 26, 2011. http://www.webcitation.org/5w2geXstG.
- ^ "Buddy Roemer for president?". The New Orleans Times-Picayune. Archived from the original on Feb. 4, 2011. http://www.webcitation.org/5wFpuEEeM. Retrieved Feb. 4, 2011.
- ^ "Roemer announces 2012 presidential bid", WXVT-TV.
- ^ Derby, Kevin (March 3, 2011)"Fighting for Campaign Finance Reform, Buddy Roemer Jumps into 2012 Race", Sunshine State News. Retrieved March 3, 2011.
- ^ Gill, James (March 13, 2011). "Who is this guy Roemer described?". Times-Picayune: p. B5. http://www.nola.com/opinions/index.ssf/2011/03/who_is_this_man_former_louisia.html. Retrieved March 13, 2011.
- ^ http://www.therightsphere.com/2012/01/why-is-rick-perry-invited-to-the-cnn-debate-but-not-buddy-roemer/
- ^ "Candidates & Races – Election 2012". The Wall Street Journal. http://projects.wsj.com/campaign2012/candidates?mod=wsj_elections_2012_nav. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ^ "2012 New Hampshire Primary". 2012 New Hampshire Primary. http://2012newhampshireprimary.com/. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ^ Saslow, Eli (December 8, 2011). "Buddy Roemer among those struggling for a slot in GOP presidential race". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/buddy-roemer-among-those-struggling-for-a-slot-in-gop-presidential-race/2011/12/08/gIQAlXCRgO_print.html. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ^ buddyroemer.com
- ^ "Colbert Super PAC Ad – Undaunted Non-Coordination". The Colbert Report. July 11, 2011. http://www.colbertnation.com/the-colbert-report-videos/401632/november-07-2011/colbert-super-pac-ad---undaunted-non-coordination. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ^ Krupa, Charles (November 30, 2011). "Buddy Roemer to seek Americans Elect third-party nomination for president". The Times-Picayune. http://www.nola.com/politics/index.ssf/2011/11/buddy_roemer_to_seek_americans.html. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ^ Linkins, Jason (December 1, 2011). "Buddy Roemer Throws In His Lot With Americans Elect – Which Is A Huge Mistake". Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/12/01/buddy-roemer-throws-in-hi_n_1123857.html. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ^ http://www.buddyroemer.com/posts/gov-buddy-roemer-goes-independent
- Bridges, Tyler. The Rise of David Duke. University of Mississippi: Jackson, 1994. ISBN 978-0-87805-684-2
- Bridges, Tyler. Bad Bet on the Bayou: The Rise of Gambling in Louisiana, and the Fall of Governor Edwin Edwards. Farrar, Straus & Giroux: New York, 2001. ISBN 978-0-374-52854-6
- DuBos, Clancy. “Roemer’s Redemption: The Former Governor Takes Another Shot at the Mansion.” Gambit Weekly. September 19, 1995.
- Gardner, James C., Jim Gardner and Shreveport, Vol. II. Shreveport: Ritz Publications, 2006, 285–288.
- Gomez, Ron (2000), My Name Is Ron And I'm a Recovering Legislator: Memoirs of a Louisiana State Representative, Lafayette, Louisiana: Zemog Publishing, ISBN 0-9700156-0-7
- Maginnis, John. Cross to Bear. Darkhorse Press, Baton Rouge, 1992. ISBN 978-0-9614138-2-8
- Reeves, Miriam G. The Governors of Louisiana. Gretna: Pelican Press, 1991. ISBN 978-1-58980-262-9
- Buddy Roemer 2012 official campaign site
- Former Governor profile from the Louisiana Secretary of State
- Biography at the National Governors Association
- Campaign contributions at FollowTheMoney.org
- Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
- Voting record maintained by The Washington Post
- Biography, voting record, and interest group ratings at Project Vote Smart
- Congressional profile at GovTrack
- Issue positions and quotes at On the Issues
- Campaign finance reports and data at the Federal Election Commission
- Appearances on C-SPAN programs
- Appearances at the Internet Movie Database
- Works by or about Buddy Roemer in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- Financial information at OpenSecrets.org
- Buddy Roemer (1987–1994), collected coverage at The New York Times
- Buddy Roemer: 9 Questions with the GOP Presidential Candidate about Campaign Finance, the 99% and a Possible Split Ticket, Dan O'Mahony, Point Nine Nine, November 28, 2011
- Buddy Roemer's Overshadowed New Hampshire Retail Experiment, Tyler Bridges, The Atlantic, December 20, 2011
| Persondata |
| Name |
Roemer, Buddy |
| Alternative names |
Charles Elson Roemer III |
| Short description |
Governor of Louisiana |
| Date of birth |
October 4, 1943 |
| Place of birth |
Bossier City, Louisiana |
| Date of death |
|
| Place of death |
|
