published: 19 Apr 2012
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Arkadiko Bridge
The Arkadiko Bridge or Kazarma Bridge is a Mycenaean bridge near the modern road from Tiryns to Epidauros on the Peloponnese, Greece. Dating to the Greek Bronze Age, it is one of the oldest arch bridges still in existence and use.
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Astore River
Astor River, a tributary of the Indus River and one of the rivers draining the Deosai Plateau, runs through Astore Valley. The river originates from western slopes of Burzil Pass.
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Bath, Somerset
Bath ( or ) is a city in the ceremonial county of Somerset in the south west of England. It is situated west of London and south-east of Bristol. The population of the city is 83,992. It was granted city status by Royal Charter by Queen Elizabeth I in 1590, and was made a county borough in 1889 which gave it administrative independence from its county, Somerset. The city became part of Avon when that county was created in 1974. Since 1996, when Avon was abolished, Bath has been the principal centre of the unitary authority of Bath and North East Somerset (B&NES;).
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Beam bridge
Beam bridges are some of the simplest kinds of bridges today. They are a direct descendant of the log bridge, now more commonly made from shallow steel 'I' beams, box girders, reinforced concrete, or post-tensioned concrete. It is frequently used in pedestrian bridges and for highway overpasses and flyovers. As is its ancestor, this bridge is in structural terms the simplest of the many bridge types.
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Beijing
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Brasília
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Brazil
Brazil (; , ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (, ), is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population. It is the only Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas and the largest lusophone country in the world.
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Britannia Bridge
Britannia Bridge () is a bridge across the Menai Strait between the island of Anglesey and the mainland of Wales, originally a tubular bridge of wrought iron rectangular box-section spans, and now a two-tier steel truss arch bridge.
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China
China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity.
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Coalbrookdale
Coalbrookdale is a village in the Ironbridge Gorge in Shropshire, England, containing a settlement of great significance in the history of iron ore smelting as this is where iron-ore was first smelted by Abraham Darby using easily mined "coking coal" The coal was drawn from "drift mines" in the sides of the valley. As it contained far fewer impurities than normal coal, the iron it produced was of a superior quality. Along with many other industrial developments that were going on in other parts of the country, this discovery was a major factor in the growing industrialisation of Britain, which was to become known as the industrial revolution. Today, Coalbrookdale is home to the Ironbridge Institute, a partnership between the University of Birmingham and the Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust offering postgraduate and professional development courses in heritage.
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Copenhagen
Copenhagen (, , , or ; or ) is the capital and largest city of Denmark, with an urban population of 1,181,239 (2010) and a metropolitan population of 1,894,521 (2010). Copenhagen is situated on the islands of Zealand and Amager. With around 2.7 million inhabitants within a 50 km radius, Copenhagen is one of the most densely populated areas in Northern Europe.
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Craigavon Bridge
The Craigavon Bridge is one of two bridges in Derry, Northern Ireland. It crosses the River Foyle further south than the Foyle Bridge. It is one of only a few double-decker road bridges in Europe. It was named after Lord Craigavon, the first Prime Minister of Northern Ireland.
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Delhi
Delhi, known locally as Dilli (, , {{Lang-ur| '), and by the official name National Capital Territory of Delhi''' (NCT), is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest metropolis by population in India. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with more than 12.25 million inhabitants in the territory and with nearly 22.2 million residents in the National Capital Region urban area (which also includes Noida, Gurgaon, Greater Noida, Faridabad and Ghaziabad). The name Delhi is often also used to include some urban areas near the NCT, as well as to refer to New Delhi, the capital of India, which lies within the metropolis. The NCT is a federally administered union territory.
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Derry
Derry or Londonderry is the second-biggest city in Northern Ireland and the fourth-biggest city on the island of Ireland. The name Derry is an Anglicisation of the word Doire or Doire Cholmchille meaning "oak-wood of Colm Cille" , the original name of the city in Irish. In 1613, the city was granted a Royal Charter by King James I and the "London" prefix was added, changing the name of the city to Londonderry. While the city is more usually known as Derry, Londonderry is also used and remains the legal name.
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Dubai
Dubai ( ; ) is one of the seven emirates of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It is located south of the Persian Gulf on the Arabian Peninsula and has the largest population with the second-largest land territory by area of all the emirates, after Abu Dhabi. Dubai and Abu Dhabi are the only two emirates to have veto power over critical matters of national importance in the country's legislature.
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Esfahan
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Forbidden City
The Forbidden City was the Chinese imperial palace from the Ming Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty. It is located in the middle of Beijing, China, and now houses the Palace Museum. For almost five hundred years, it served as the home of emperors and their households, as well as the ceremonial and political centre of Chinese government.
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Greece
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Han Dynasty
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High Level Bridge
The High Level Bridge is a road and railway bridge spanning the River Tyne between Newcastle upon Tyne and Gateshead in North East England.
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Hong Kong
Hong Kong () is one of two special administrative regions (SARs) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the other being Macau. Situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour. With a land mass of and a population of seven million people, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Hong Kong's population is 95 percent ethnic Chinese and 5 percent from other groups. Hong Kong's Han Chinese majority originate mainly from the cities of Guangzhou and Taishan in the neighbouring Guangdong province.
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Indonesia
Indonesia ( or ), officially the Republic of Indonesia (), is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia comprises 17,508 islands. With a population of around 238 million people, it is the world's fourth most populous country, and has the world's largest population of Muslims. Indonesia is a republic, with an elected legislature and president. The nation's capital city is Jakarta. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia. Other neighboring countries include Singapore, Philippines, Australia, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Indonesia is a founding member of ASEAN and a member of the G-20 major economies.
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Iran
Iran ( ), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran is a country in Central Eurasia and Western Asia. The name Iran has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was also known to the western world as Persia. Both Persia and Iran are used interchangeably in cultural contexts; however, Iran is the name used officially in political contexts.
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Japan
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Kap Shui Mun Bridge
The Kap Shui Mun Bridge (KSMB) in Hong Kong was the longest cable-stayed bridge in the world that transports both road and railway traffic (superseded by Oresund Bridge in 2000, with a 490m main span), with the upper deck for motor vehicles, and the lower deck for both vehicles and the MTR. It has a main span of 430 metres and an overall length of 750 metres. It spans the main marine channel, Kap Shui Mun, between Ma Wan and Lantau and provides vertical clearance of 47 metres above sea level.
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Kolkata
Kolkata (Bengali: ; ), is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. Kolkata is the cultural capital of India and the commercial capital of Eastern India. It is located in eastern India on the east bank of the Hooghly River. The Kolkata metropolitan area including suburbs has a population exceeding 15 million, making it the third most populous metropolitan area in India and one of the most populous urban areas in the world. The city is also classified as the eighth largest urban agglomeration in the world.
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Lomonosov Bridge
Lomonosov Bridge () across the Fontanka River is the best preserved of towered movable bridges that used to be typical for Saint Petersburg in the 18th century.
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Louisiana
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Malmö
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Menai Strait
The Menai Strait (, the "River Menai") is a narrow stretch of shallow tidal water about long, which separates the island of Anglesey from the mainland of Wales.
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Moscow
Moscow ( or ; ; see also ) is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the world, a global city. Moscow is the most populous city on the continent of Europe and the seventh largest city proper in the world, a megacity. The population of Moscow (as of 1 January 2010) is 10,563,038.
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Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire (, ; Urdu: ; self-designation: , ), or Mogul (also Moghul) Empire in former English usage, was an Indian-Islamic power that ruled a large portion of the Indian subcontinent which began in 1526, invaded and ruled most of South Asia by the late 17th and early 18th centuries and ended in the mid-19th century.
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Newcastle upon Tyne
Newcastle upon Tyne (locally ) (often shortened to Newcastle) is a city and metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, in North East England. Situated on the north bank of the River Tyne, the city developed in the area that was the location of the Roman settlement called Pons Aelius, though it owes its name to the castle built in 1080, by Robert II, Duke of Normandy, the eldest son of William the Conqueror. The city grew as an important centre for the wool trade and it later became a major coal mining area. The port developed in the 16th century and, along with the shipyards lower down the river, was amongst the world's largest shipbuilding and ship-repairing centres. These industries have since experienced severe decline and closure, and the city today is largely a business and cultural centre, with a particular reputation for nightlife.
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Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland (, Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is one of the four countries of the United Kingdom. Situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, it shares a border with the Republic of Ireland to the south and west. At the time of the 2001 UK Census, its population was 1,685,000, constituting about 30% of the island's total population and about 3% of the population of the United Kingdom.
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Oresund Bridge
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Peloponnese
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Red Fort
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Solkan
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Solkan Bridge
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Soča
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Spain
Spain ( ; , ), officially the Kingdom of Spain (), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
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St. Petersburg
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Storstrøm Bridge
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Tagus
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Tiryns
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Toronto
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Tower Bridge
Tower Bridge is a combined bascule and suspension bridge in London, England, over the River Thames. It is close to the Tower of London, which gives it its name. It has become an iconic symbol of London.
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Trajan's Bridge
'''Trajan's Bridge (; ) or Bridge of Apollodorus over the Danube''' was a Roman segmental arch bridge, the first to be built over the lower Danube. For more than a thousand years, it was the longest arch bridge in the world to have been built, in terms of both total and span length. The bridge was constructed by the Greek architect Apollodorus of Damascus for the deployment of Roman troops in the war against Dacia, in 105 AD.
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Tsing Ma Bridge
The Tsing Ma Bridge is a bridge in Hong Kong. It is the world's seventh-longest span suspension bridge, and was the second longest at time of completion. The bridge was named after two of the islands at its ends, namely Tsing Yi and Ma Wan . It has two decks and carries both road and rail traffic, which also makes it the largest suspension bridge of this type. The bridge has a main span of and a height of . The span is the largest of all bridges in the world carrying rail traffic.
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United Arab Emirates
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Višegrad
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Yemen
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Zayandeh River
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Łowicz, Poland
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Beijing
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Chandragupta I
The Gupta dynasty first rises in eminence with the accession of Chandra Gupta I, son of Ghatotkacha to the throne of the ancestral Gupta kingdom. While his two ancestors were given the title of Maharaja(king), Chandra Gupta I is described in his inscriptions as Maharajadhiraj(king of kings) signifying a rise in the family fortunes. A series of gold coins issued by the king also testifies to his rising influence. The well known Gupta era which commenced on February 26, 320 AD is generally attributed to Chandra Gupta I. Hence it is surmised that the Gupta era began on the occasion of the coronation of Chandra Gupta I. According to the Puranas the Guptas ruled over territories (referred to as Janapadas) such as Prayag (Allahabad), Saket(Oudh) and Magadh(south Bihar). This description of the Gupta dominion precedes the reign of Samudragupta and hence must refer to the territories ruled over by Candragupta I.
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China
China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity.
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Gustave Eiffel
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Hong Kong
Hong Kong () is one of two special administrative regions (SARs) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the other being Macau. Situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour. With a land mass of and a population of seven million people, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Hong Kong's population is 95 percent ethnic Chinese and 5 percent from other groups. Hong Kong's Han Chinese majority originate mainly from the cities of Guangzhou and Taishan in the neighbouring Guangdong province.
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Hubert Gautier
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James Prinsep
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Johannes Grubenmann
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Robert Stephenson
Robert Stephenson FRS (16 October 1803 – 12 October 1859) was an English civil engineer. He was the only son of George Stephenson, the famed locomotive builder and railway engineer; many of the achievements popularly credited to his father were actually the joint efforts of father and son.
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Stefan Bryła
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Yavana
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Bridge On the River Kwai, The (1957)
"Bridge On the River Kwai, The (1957)" Actors
- William Holden
- Jack Hawkins
- Alec Guinness
- Sessue Hayakawa
- James Donald
- Geoffrey Horne
- André Morell
- Peter Williams
- John Boxer
- Percy Herbert
- Harold Goodwin
- Ann Sears
- Heihachiro Okawa
- Keiichiro Katsumoto
- M.r.b. Chakrabandhu
"Bridge On the River Kwai, The (1957)" Director
karaoke
pain and agony
What can and cannot be
Torment and suffering
Please don't induce death?
Just get it over with?
prolonged by questioning
Pain inflict the conscience
on those to make the decision
This is the choice of life or death
peace or pain to be given
depending on your line of thought
will determine on what side
the argument of wrong or right
the choice we must decide
CHORUS
There's a narrow bridge that leads me to your door
Between the apple trees and poison leaves that form
Around my shoulders as they toss me back and forth
They bring me pleasure and they always keep me warm
There's a cashman, there are quick cures
There are taste tests, there are trash whores
There is numbness, there is feeling
There is sickness, there is healing
And I'm halfway to you but I'm taking a break
Where I walk with a limp and I sleep with the stakes
And I blow up my lungs with the air that I need
And my dreams I'm on knees and
I'm washing your feet with my hands
I'm a bridge with all of my addictions
I'm a bridge with all of my addictions
There are sunbeams, there are dark clouds
There are voices, there are no sounds
And I'm stable so you want me
Yes, I'm stable while you want me
And I'm upright while you're downsized
While you're downsized I am upright
I'm the cashman, you're the quick cure
You're the taste test, I'm the trash whole
And I don't feel a thing but I want to be real
As you are
There's this bridge I've got to cross I feel alone
A child down to each side and I can't carry both
The bridge is long we could fall down through holes
Water all around, wind, wet and cold
One child insecure displays the confidence he doesn't own
Another child, uncertain, looks around and cries for home
My bridge is too unstable and the insecurity is letting go
There's no holding to a crumbling bridge
When all the time is gone in between it tumbles
Time to move along
I toss and turn over and over
Trying to dream out anxiety
Easy answers to my problems
Keeping a grip on sanity
Until the sun comes up
The bridge so high the bridge so tall here is where it's
started on bridge
The moon is big and yellow and the stars're all aglow
From the bridge I see reflection in the waters far below
You kissed me for the first time here held me awfully
tight
And the bridge became our favorite place we came here
often in the night
One night while standing on the bridge desire swept
through a spoke
Passion took us by the hand and showed us where to go
From the bridge we saw a meadow so we ran together there
Where we found love together hurry motions filled the air
The bridge so wide the bridge so long
Where once we stood together tonight I stand alone
Tonight while standing on the bridge my heart is beating
wild
To think that you could leave me here with our unborn
child
My feet are moving slowly closer to the edge
(Chris DeGarmo)
You called me up on the phone today
struggling with the right words to say.
Time can change a thing or two.
Time has changed the lives of me and you,
but you know... it could have been different dad.
The word brings back a sweet memory.
I¹m sitting on a bluff on a broken tree,
by my side a distinguished man giving me
encouragement, telling me I can, and you know ...
you¹re not there.
You say, ³Son, let¹s forget the past,
I want another chance, gonna make it last.²
You¹re begging me for a brand new start, trying
to mend a bridge that¹s been blown apart, but you know...
you never built it dad.
So I sit here through the night, and I
write myself to sleep, and time keeps ticking...
Time has made you finally realize your
loneliness and your guilt inside.
You¹re reaching for something you never had,
turning around now you¹re loocking back, and you know...
I¹m no there.
You say, ³son, let¹s forget the past.
I want another chance, gonna make it last.²
You¹re begging me for a brand new start, trying
to mend a bridge that¹s been blown apart, but you know ...
The bridge, we'll build it now
It may take a lot of time
And it maybe lonely but
Ooh baby, ooh baby.
The bridge was falling down
And that took a lot of lies
And it made me lonely
Ooh baby, ooh baby.
The bridge was falling.
The bridge was falling.
The bridge was falling.
One day, when you talked to me
I saw myself again
And it made me love you.
Ooh baby, ooh baby.
And love came running down
Like a river on your skin
And you let me in.
Ooh babe, ooh babe.
You let me in
You let me in
You let me in
The bridge, we'll build it now
Staring out over the bridge
A million photo flashes from the water down below
Dawn light bouncing through the mist
Roar of traffic and the crack of police radios
When they ask her name
Would she please explain
[Hook:]
See I can be the bridge that takes you home
Or I can be he wind that makes you moan
Depending how you treat me baby
See I can be the beacon, brings you light
Or I can be blacker, colder than midnight
So how you gonna see me baby
Now either you can go on and choose me
Or baby you're gon' go on and lose me
Cause I can be, I can be, I can be, I can be, I can be, I can be,
I can be, I can be
[Verse 1:]
If I could be blatant with, well, what I gotta say about you and I is,
What I gotta do to not see it Kevin Smith way,
You know,
View Askew, babe
Give it to me straighter than a hetero, I'll pay for petrol,
We can go riding through the metro (polis)
Put it together because separate causes, misunderstanding, watch Metropolis
That's like us, see together we marvelous
Hard as the city of the concrete gardens
Split it up, inserts the margins, you get confusion, the words lose purpose
The mark and the target, the arc and the aim like a dart just miss position
If I can explain the way we need to go and where we gonna go, I can do it just like this
Listen
I guess this is the infamous, "What is this really? " conversation
Man I hate as a miss is this it's me bringing it up
Predictable dating
But you won't, I've been waiting,
I wouldn't bother, wouldn't have the patience
It would be the aphid in the room, wasted breath, but I think you're amazing.
That being said (dot, dot, dot)
Love the way the bed rock non-stop
Love the time we spend, chill, eat, shop
Even iller the days we pretend we wanna be at our own spots
But then you knock, knock, knock
But yet still not confirming lock,
I need to know or else just get dropped,
Get canned, get blocked,
Got plans, or not?
[Hook]
[Verse 2:]
The way you think is appealing I,
Like the feeling of thinking of you
Like to know that you're thinking of me
Like the feeling of being us, two
Might reveal how I'm feeling too much
Might be feeling the fear, we do rush
Fight the feeling to flee, to lose us
Type to reel in the scenes and lose trust
Slice the dealings and leave, abuse lust
Cuts and bruises, I see you lose love
But you chose to redeem it, who does?
Fuck the blues and the demons, choose one
Human to humor cupid with some "cue in the music cupid shit"
Come
Lose the race in the shoes that you run
Fuse the pace of the two into one
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The Golden Gate Bridge Suicides ( Full version )
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 94:24
- Updated: 26 Oct 2012
As the Golden Gate Bridge celebrates its 75th birthday this year, the San Francisco landmark also notes another milestone--a sharp increase in the number of people who have jumped to their deaths from its walkways. According to a report from the Bridge Rail Foundation, a Marin County non-profit dedicated to the installation of a suicide prevention barrier along the iconic span, there were 37 suicides on the bridge last year. That number is up from 32 in 2010, 31 in 2009 and 34 in 2010. Throughout its history, the bridge has averaged about 19 jumpers per year. More: www.huffingtonpost.com More. en.wikipedia.org More about the suicidenets. www.sfexaminer.com
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Let's Play Bridge It - 01 (Let Us Calmly Make These Gaps Passabl-- OH GOD WHY)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 17:03
- Updated: 24 Oct 2012
GAPS! Look at all these dastardly gaps everywhere! Whatever shall we do? Made by the good folks over at Chronic Logic: www.chroniclogic.com Check them out and the cool stuff they're working on!
http://wn.com/Let's_Play_Bridge_It_01_Let_Us_Calmly_Make_These_Gaps_Passabl-_OH_GOD_WHY
The Bridge - Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:21
- Updated: 25 Oct 2012
Trailer for "The Bridge" the movie
http://wn.com/The_Bridge_Trailer
Tacoma Narrows Bridge Collapse "Gallopin' Gertie"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:57
- Updated: 25 Oct 2012
Watch the amazing "Gallopin' Gertie" November 7, 1940 film clip. 1940 Tacoma Narrows Bridge Slender, elegant and graceful, the Tacoma Narrows Bridge stretched like a steel ribbon across Puget Sound in 1940. The third longest suspension span in the world opened on July 1st. Only four months later, the great span's short life ended in disaster. "Galloping Gertie," collapsed in a windstorm on November 7,1940. The bridge became famous as "the most dramatic failure in bridge engineering history." Now, it's also "one of the world's largest man-made reefs." The sunken remains of Galloping Gertie were placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992 to protect her from salvagers. A dramatic tale of failure and success The story of the failure of the 1940 Narrows Bridge and the success of the Current Narrows Bridge is a great American saga. When Galloping Gertie splashed into Puget Sound, it created ripple effects across the nation and around the world. The event changed forever how engineers design suspension bridges. Gertie's failure led to the safer suspension spans we use today.
http://wn.com/Tacoma_Narrows_Bridge_Collapse_Gallopin'_Gertie
Bridge to Terabithia (Full Movie) - Josh Hutcherson
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 95:32
- Updated: 26 Oct 2012
Plot: Jesse Aarons trained all summer to become the fastest runner in school, so he's very upset when newcomer Leslie Burke outruns him and everyone else. Despite this and other differences, including that she's rich, he's poor, and she's a city girl, he's a country boy, the two become fast friends. Together, they create Terabithia, a land of monsters, trolls, ogres, and giants and rule as king and queen. This friendship helps Jess cope with the tragedy that makes him realize what Leslie taught him. Cast: Josh Hutcherson as Jess Aarons AnnaSophia Robb as Leslie Burke Zooey Deschanel as Ms. Edmunds Robert Patrick as Jack Aarons Bailee Madison as May Belle Aarons Kate Butler as Mary Aarons Devon Wood as Brenda Aarons Emma Fenton as Ellie Aarons Grace Brannigan as Joyce Aarons Latham Gaines as Bill Burke Judy McIntosh as Judy Burke Patricia Aldersley as Grandma Burke Lauren Clinton as Janice Avery Isabelle Rose Kircher as Carla Cameron Wakefield as Scott Hoager
http://wn.com/Bridge_to_Terabithia_Full_Movie_Josh_Hutcherson
Let's Play Bridge It - 03 (Boom Boom, Shake Dat Bridge, Undercarraige, Sweetsauce)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:36
- Updated: 24 Oct 2012
GAPS! QUICK?! WHAT DO WE DO!??! Bridge them? Bridge It is made by the good folks over at Chronic Logic: www.chroniclogic.com Check them out and the cool stuff they're working on!
http://wn.com/Let's_Play_Bridge_It_03_Boom_Boom,_Shake_Dat_Bridge,_Undercarraige,_Sweetsauce
Let's Play Bridge It - 12 (Getting A Little Crazy, Finding A Groove, Humping It To Completion)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:20
- Updated: 24 Oct 2012
I know: Let's try something ridiculous! Surely that won't -- hey wait a minute.
http://wn.com/Let's_Play_Bridge_It_12_Getting_A_Little_Crazy,_Finding_A_Groove,_Humping_It_To_Completion
Tacoma Bridge
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:13
- Updated: 25 Oct 2012
Collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge.
http://wn.com/Tacoma_Bridge
Let's Play Bridge It - 10 (Complex Schmomplex, Okay Maybe A Little Complex, Okay Physics Is Evil)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 17:24
- Updated: 24 Oct 2012
Get out your noose and chair kittens, it's time for some COMPLEX SHIT! Triangles man. TRIANGLES EVERYWHERE. MAKE EVERYTHING A TRIANGLE!
http://wn.com/Let's_Play_Bridge_It_10_Complex_Schmomplex,_Okay_Maybe_A_Little_Complex,_Okay_Physics_Is_Evil
The Bridge of Death
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:17
- Updated: 24 Oct 2012
Monty Python Holy Grail www.amazon.com
http://wn.com/The_Bridge_of_Death
Red Hot Chili Peppers - Under The Bridge (Video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:28
- Updated: 26 Oct 2012
© 2006 WMG Under The Bridge (Video)
http://wn.com/Red_Hot_Chili_Peppers_Under_The_Bridge_Video
Let's Play Bridge It - 09 (BRIDGE SCIENCE, Big Fat Bastard Boats, Wobbulator)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:40
- Updated: 24 Oct 2012
So yeah. A little dicking around for the lulz. A little bit of srs business (bridgeness?) And even some epic facepalm rage. FOR YOU! ALL FOR YOU!
http://wn.com/Let's_Play_Bridge_It_09_BRIDGE_SCIENCE,_Big_Fat_Bastard_Boats,_Wobbulator
Let's Play Bridge It - 11 (Why Does This Canyon Hate Me And The Universe I Live In)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 16:48
- Updated: 24 Oct 2012
Fuck this canyon. What has it ever done for me. I'd rather just swim across. Hell I'd rather invent a flying train than make this fucking bridge!
http://wn.com/Let's_Play_Bridge_It_11_Why_Does_This_Canyon_Hate_Me_And_The_Universe_I_Live_In
![Dead Space [Part 10]: Take the Bridge Number One!](http://web.archive.org./web/20121031052614im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/g4JVRaLPp8k/0.jpg "Dead Space [Part 10]: Take the Bridge Number One!")
Dead Space [Part 10]: Take the Bridge Number One!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 19:30
- Updated: 26 Oct 2012
In one of the most requested playthroughs ever, Jesse boards the USG Ishimura in search of Space Miners, only to find Space Monsters - but emerge a Space Badass. All while in space!!! • Get epic OMFGCata gear! goo.gl or www.rodeoarcade.com • Stay connected! Twitter - twitter.com Facebook - facebook.com
http://wn.com/Dead_Space_Part_10_Take_the_Bridge_Number_One!
Let's Play Bridge It - 04 (A Rousing Round Of Success Followed By Failtarded Failtacular)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:41
- Updated: 24 Oct 2012
You know what would be fun? NOT making a functional bridge. Making bridges that work is WAY TOO EASY, we should totally make one that doesn't work. Bridge It is made by the good folks over at Chronic Logic: www.chroniclogic.com Check them out and the cool stuff they're working on!
http://wn.com/Let's_Play_Bridge_It_04_A_Rousing_Round_Of_Success_Followed_By_Failtarded_Failtacular
Let's Play Bridge It - 02 (Getting More Complicated, Getting More Failinated)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 17:47
- Updated: 24 Oct 2012
Lots of fail in these shall be dispensed unto you. Go forth and experience my failures. Bridge It is made by the good folks over at Chronic Logic: www.chroniclogic.com Check them out and the cool stuff they're working on!
http://wn.com/Let's_Play_Bridge_It_02_Getting_More_Complicated,_Getting_More_Failinated
The Bridge - Bron / Broen Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:48
- Updated: 25 Oct 2012
On DVD & Blu-ray May 21st www.amazon.co.uk and on iTunes now. The body of a woman is found in the middle of the Øresund Bridge. Half of it belongs to a Swedish politician, the other half to a Danish prostitute. Trapped in the middle of the bridge connecting Sweden and Denmark, a bi-national investigatory team is put together to solve the crime. Laid-back Danish family man, Martin, and Swedish single woman, Saga, have to work together to stop the horrific staged murders before the terrorist wins over public opinion with his anti-corruption agenda.
http://wn.com/The_Bridge_Bron_Broen_Trailer
Bridge To Terabithia - First Official Full Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:58
- Updated: 24 Oct 2012
*THIS VIDEO BELONGS TO DISNEY AND WALDEN MEDIA, NOT MYSELF. I'M JUST A FAN OF THE BOOK AND MOVIE WHO WANTED TO SHARE THE TRAILER WHEN IT FIRST CAME OUT. I CLAIM NO OWNERSHIP. The first official, FULL trailer for the upcoming movie 'Bridge To Terabithia' based on the best-selling children's novel of the same name (and one of my fav books!). It's from the same people that made Narnia, which will be obvious when you watch the trailer...
http://wn.com/Bridge_To_Terabithia_First_Official_Full_Trailer
Bridge It - all Complex levels completed
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:14
- Updated: 16 Oct 2012
Every Complex bridge completed, including the infamous Complex 8 These bridges are outdated! Download the new versions of all my bridges here: rapidshare.com Get this game at www.chroniclogic.com
http://wn.com/Bridge_It_all_Complex_levels_completed
The Impossible Bridge
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:05
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
To meet the challenges of building an enormous bridge, a design competition is held and unbelievable ideas are formulated. Impossible Bridges: Denmark to Sweden : THUR OCTOBER 4 9P et/pt : channel.nationalgeographic.com
http://wn.com/The_Impossible_Bridge
Bridge It
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:19
- Updated: 12 Oct 2012
Play Bridge It now! www.chroniclogic.com
http://wn.com/Bridge_It
Let's Play Bridge It - 07 (Bridges Are For Bitches Let's Make Stuff That Falls Down)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:56
- Updated: 24 Oct 2012
Pfft. Any asshole can make a bridge. It takes a CHAMPION to make something that falls into the water and goes bang.
http://wn.com/Let's_Play_Bridge_It_07_Bridges_Are_For_Bitches_Let's_Make_Stuff_That_Falls_Down
P!nk - Bridge Of Light (New 2011)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:24
- Updated: 25 Oct 2012
Facebook Page : www.facebook.com P!nk - Bridge Of Light P!nk - Bridge Of Light (Official Song) P!nk - Bridge Of Light (New 2011) Pink - Bridge Of Light Pink - Bridge Of Light (New 2011) Pink - Bridge Of Light (Official Song) Pink - Bridge Of Light (Happy Feet Two) Happy Feet 2
http://wn.com/P!nk_Bridge_Of_Light_New_2011
Photo: AP / Themba Hadebe
29 Oct 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. Yesterday while protesting with striking mine workers in South Africa, Mohandas Gandhi was gunned down by heavily armed security forces. Gandhi, who...
Photo: AP / John Minchillo
30 Oct 2012
At least 13 people have been killed in the US and millions are without power after Superstorm Sandy slammed into the New Jersey coastline and hurled a record-breaking 13ft surge of seawater at New...
Photo: AP / Joseph Kaczmarek
29 Oct 2012
> • TheUnited Stateson Sunday is bracing for the impact of an incredibly large Hurricane Sandy. • Hurricane Center warned residents of mid-Atlantic coast should expect life-threatening storm surges. •...
Photo: AP / Jacqueline Larma
30 Oct 2012
Updated: October 30, 2012 11:08AM NEW YORK — Millions of people from Maine to the Carolinas awoke Tuesday without electricity, and an eerily quiet New York City was all but closed off by car, train...
Photo: AP / Brynn Anderson
30 Oct 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling When Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton assumed complete responsibility for the disastrous and deadly attacks on the U.S. diplomatic mission in...
Detroit news
By Ted Anthony Associated Press Comments The most devastating storm in decades to hit the country's most densely populated region upended man and nature as it rolled back the clock on 21st-century lives, cutting off modern communication and leaving millions without power Tuesday. A weakening Sandy,...(size: 13.3Kb)
Newsday
(AP) -- A 23-year-old New Yorker was killed after stepping in a puddle near a live electric wire. An off-duty policeman drowned in his flooded basement after ushering relatives to safety in his attic. Superstorm Sandy whipped up winds and flood water that left at least 22 people dead, according to...(size: 5.8Kb)
In NYC, the show goes on, even if sans audience
31 Oct 2012
Newsday
Photos (AP) -- For the second night in a row, superstorm Sandy and its aftermath forced David Letterman to live out that performer's nightmare: Telling jokes to a vacant theater, or as he called it, "a big ol' empty barn."...(size: 6.1Kb)
Letter: Hands off our Constitution
31 Oct 2012
Detroit news
Comments In the coming election are several proposals to amend Michigan's Constitution, so it behooves us to have in mind the kinds of things that belong in a constitution and the things that do not. As a general rule, a constitution should focus on matters of general benefit or matters of deep...(size: 8.4Kb)
A front-row seat for the Arab Spring
31 Oct 2012
Ha'aretz
LONDON - The BBC's Middle East editor, Jeremy Bowen, missed the beginning of the Arab uprising at the start of 2011. As thousands gathered in the streets of Tunisia, forcing the then-unprecedented departure of an Arab dictator, he was in The Hague, testifying at the war crimes trial of former...(size: 10.6Kb)
Disarray, millions without power in Sandy's wake
31 Oct 2012
Herald Tribune
PITTSBURGH - The most devastating storm in decades to hit the country's most densely populated region upended man and nature as it rolled back the clock on 21st-century lives, cutting off modern communication and leaving millions without power Tuesday as thousands who fled their water-menaced homes...(size: 14.0Kb)
Chili Peppers not at their hottest
31 Oct 2012
Star Tribune
Come tomorrow, Red Hot Chili Peppers singer Anthony Kiedis will join that exclusive fraternity of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame members age 50 and over who still look good performing shirtless. Kiedis joins his bandmate, bassist Flea, who turned 50 two weeks ago, and the ageless Iggy Pop as wild and...(size: 4.1Kb)
Detroit Free Press
Superstorm Sandy brought all the chaos, death and devastation that had been predicted and much more as homes were plunged into the sea, transportation systems were brought to a halt and at least 50 people were killed. On Tuesday, millions on the East Coast began the task of cleaning up and fixing...(size: 4.5Kb)
Senior center news for O'Fallon
31 Oct 2012
Around Town for St. Charles, St. Peters areas
31 Oct 2012
STL Today
Oct. 31 TOASTMASTERS CLUB 9677: 8 a.m., St. Charles Chamber of Commerce, 2201 First Capitol Drive. Non-smoking. HARVESTER KIWANIS CLUB: luncheon meeting, noon, Fratelli’s Ristorante, 2061 Zumbehl Road, St. Charles. Call Gerry Letourneau at 636-288-2344. Nov. 1 ST. PETERS KIWANIS CLUB: breakfast...(size: 8.9Kb)
Incident reports for St. Charles County
31 Oct 2012
STL Today
Compiled from selected sheriff's department reports 1. Traffic fatality. Reported at 8:42 a.m. Oct. 13 at Portage Road near Weber Lake Road. Police responded to a one-vehicle crash during the overnight hours of Oct. 13. Paul Snyder, 39, of Portage des Sioux died as a result of the crash. Snyder...(size: 2.5Kb)
Detroit Free Press
LANSING -- The scope of Proposal 6 is far greater than intended and could have the unintended effect of blocking access to the Ambassador Bridge, Lt. Gov. Brian Calley said Tuesday. The proposed constitutional amendment, bankrolled with more than $31 million from companies controlled by Ambassador...(size: 2.1Kb)
Hurricane Sandy forces 3 US reactors shut
31 Oct 2012
The Hindu
Three US nuclear power reactors remained shut down and a fourth on alert after Hurricane Sandy wreaked havoc with transmission networks and high waters threatened cooling systems. Amid worries that waters could overwhelm the reactors as happened in Japan’s Fukushima nuclear emergency last...(size: 2.7Kb)
This article is about the structure. For for the card game, see Bridge (card game). For for other uses, see Bridge (disambiguation).
A bridge is a structure built to span physical obstacles such as a body of water, valley, or road, for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle. Designs of bridges vary depending on the function of the bridge, the nature of the terrain where the bridge is constructed, the material used to make it and the funds available to build it.
Contents |
Etymology[link]
The Oxford English Dictionary traces the origin of the word bridge to an Old English word brycg, of the same meaning, derived from the hypothetical Proto-Germanic root brugjō. There are cognates in other Germanic languages.
History[link]
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The first bridges were made by nature itself — as simple as a log fallen across a stream or stones in the river. The first bridges made by humans were probably spans of cut wooden logs or planks and eventually stones, using a simple support and crossbeam arrangement. Some early Americans used trees or bamboo poles to cross small caverns or wells to get from one place to another. A common form of lashing sticks, logs, and deciduous branches together involved the use of long reeds or other harvested fibers woven together to form a connective rope capable of binding and holding together the materials used in early bridges.
The Arkadiko Bridge is one of four Mycenaean corbel arch bridges part of a former network of roads, designed to accommodate chariots, between Tiryns to Epidauros in the Peloponnese, in Greece. Dating to the Greek Bronze Age (13th century BC), it is one of the oldest arch bridges still in existence and use. Several intact arched stone bridges from the Hellenistic era can be found in the Peloponnese in southern Greece[2]
The greatest bridge builders of antiquity were the ancient Romans.[3] The Romans built arch bridges and aqueducts that could stand in conditions that would damage or destroy earlier designs. Some stand today.[4] An example is the Alcántara Bridge, built over the river Tagus, in Spain. The Romans also used cement, which reduced the variation of strength found in natural stone.[5] One type of cement, called pozzolana, consisted of water, lime, sand, and volcanic rock. Brick and mortar bridges were built after the Roman era, as the technology for cement was lost then later rediscovered.
The Arthashastra of Kautilya mentions the construction of dams and bridges.[6] A Mauryan bridge near Girnar was surveyed by James Princep.[7] The bridge was swept away during a flood, and later repaired by Puspagupta, the chief architect of emperor Chandragupta I.[7] The bridge also fell under the care of the Yavana Tushaspa, and the Satrap Rudra Daman.[7] The use of stronger bridges using plaited bamboo and iron chain was visible in India by about the 4th century.[8] A number of bridges, both for military and commercial purposes, were constructed by the Mughal administration in India.[9]
Although large Chinese bridges of wooden construction existed at the time of the Warring States, the oldest surviving stone bridge in China is the Zhaozhou Bridge, built from 595 to 605 AD during the Sui Dynasty. This bridge is also historically significant as it is the world's oldest open-spandrel stone segmental arch bridge. European segmental arch bridges date back to at least the Alconétar Bridge (approximately 2nd century AD), while the enormous Roman era Trajan's Bridge (105 AD) featured open-spandrel segmental arches in wooden construction.
Rope bridges, a simple type of suspension bridge, were used by the Inca civilization in the Andes mountains of South America, just prior to European colonization in the 16th century.
During the 18th century there were many innovations in the design of timber bridges by Hans Ulrich, Johannes Grubenmann, and others. The first book on bridge engineering was written by Hubert Gautier in 1716. A major breakthrough in bridge technology came with the erection of the Iron Bridge in Coalbrookdale, England in 1779. It used cast iron for the first time as arches to cross the river Severn.
With the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century, truss systems of wrought iron were developed for larger bridges, but iron did not have the tensile strength to support large loads. With the advent of steel, which has a high tensile strength, much larger bridges were built, many using the ideas of Gustave Eiffel.
In 1927 welding pioneer Stefan Bryła designed the first welded road bridge in the world, which was later built across the river Słudwia Maurzyce near Łowicz, Poland in 1929. In 1995, the American Welding Society presented the Historic Welded Structure Award for the bridge to Poland.[10]
Types of bridges[link]
There are six main types of bridges: beam bridges, cantilever bridges, arch bridges, suspension bridges, cable-stayed bridges and truss bridges.
Beam bridges[link]
Beam bridges are horizontal beams supported at each end by abutments, hence their structural name of simply supported. When there is more than one span the intermediate supports are known as piers. The earliest beam bridges were simple logs that sat across streams and similar simple structures. In modern times, beam bridges are large box steel girder bridges. Weight on top of the beam pushes straight down on the abutments at either end of the bridge.[11] They are made up mostly of wood or metal. Beam bridge spans typically do not exceed 250 feet (76 m) long, as the strength of a span decreases with increased length. However, the main span of the Rio-Niteroi Bridge, a box girder bridge, is 300 metres (980 ft). The world's longest beam bridge is Lake Pontchartrain Causeway in southern Louisiana in the United States, at 23.83 miles (38.35 km), with individual spans of 56 feet (17 m).[12]
Cantilever bridges[link]
Cantilever bridges are built using cantilevers—horizontal beams supported on only one end. Most cantilever bridges use a pair of continuous spans that extend from opposite sides of the supporting piers to meet at the center of the obstacle the bridge crosses. Cantilever bridges are constructed using much the same materials & techniques as beam bridges. The difference comes in the action of the forces through the bridge. The largest cantilever bridge is the 549-metre (1,801 ft) Quebec Bridge in Quebec, Canada.
Arch bridges[link]
Arch bridges have abutments at each end. The weight of the bridge is thrust into the abutments at either side. The earliest known arch bridges were built by the Greeks, and include the Arkadiko Bridge.
With the span of 220 metres (720 ft), the Solkan Bridge over the Soča River at Solkan in Slovenia is the second largest stone bridge in the world and the longest railroad stone bridge. It was completed in 1905. Its arch, which was constructed from over 5,000 tonnes (4,900 long tons; 5,500 short tons) of stone blocks in just 18 days, is the second largest stone arch in the world, surpassed only by the Friedensbrücke (Syratalviadukt) in Plauen, and the largest railroad stone arch. The arch of the Friedensbrücke, which was built in the same year, has the span of 90 m (300 ft) and crosses the valley of the Syrabach River. The difference between the two is that the Solkan Bridge was built from stone blocks, whereas the Friedensbrücke was built from a mixture of crushed stone and cement mortar.[13]
Dubai in the United Arab Emirates is currently building the Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Crossing, which is scheduled for completion in 2012. When completed, it will be the largest arch bridge in the world, with a main span 667 metres (2,188 ft) long.[14]
Tied arch bridges[link]
Tied arch bridges have an arch-shaped superstructure, but differ from conventional arch bridges. Instead of transferring the weight of the bridge and traffic loads into thrust forces into the abutments, the ends of the arches are restrained by tension in the bottom chord of the structure. They are also called bowstring arches.
Suspension bridges[link]
Suspension bridges are suspended from cables. The earliest suspension bridges were made of ropes or vines covered with pieces of bamboo. In modern bridges, the cables hang from towers that are attached to caissons or cofferdams. The caissons or cofferdams are implanted deep into the floor of a lake or river. The longest suspension bridge in the world is the 12,826 feet (3,909 m) Akashi Kaikyo Bridge in Japan.[15] See simple suspension bridge, stressed ribbon bridge, underspanned suspension bridge, suspended-deck suspension bridge, and self-anchored suspension bridge.
Cable-stayed bridges[link]
Cable-stayed bridges, like suspension bridges, are held up by cables. However, in a cable-stayed bridge, less cable is required and the towers holding the cables are proportionately shorter.[16] The first known cable-stayed bridge was designed in 1784 by C.T. Loescher.[17] The longest cable-stayed bridge is the Sutong Bridge over the Yangtze River in China.
Movable bridges[link]
Movable bridges are designed to move out of the way of boats or other kinds of traffic, which would otherwise be too tall to fit. These are generally electrically powered.
Double-decked bridges[link]
Double-decked or double-decker bridges have two levels, such as the San Francisco – Oakland Bay Bridge, with two road levels. Tsing Ma Bridge and Kap Shui Mun Bridge in Hong Kong have six lanes on their upper decks, and on their lower decks there are two lanes and a pair of tracks for MTR metro trains. Some double-decker bridges only use one level for street traffic; the Washington Avenue Bridge in Minneapolis reserves its lower level for automobile traffic and its upper level for pedestrian and bicycle traffic (predominantly students at the University of Minnesota). Likewise, in Toronto, the Prince Edward Viaduct has five lanes of motor traffic, bicycle lanes, and sidewalks on its upper deck; and a pair of tracks for the Bloor–Danforth subway line on its lower deck.
Robert Stephenson's High Level Bridge across the River Tyne in Newcastle upon Tyne, completed in 1849, is an early example of a double-deck bridge. The upper level carries a railway, and the lower level is used for road traffic. Other examples include Britannia Bridge over the Menai Strait and Craigavon Bridge in Derry, Northern Ireland. The Oresund Bridge between Copenhagen and Malmö consists of a four-lane highway on the upper level and a pair of railway tracks at the lower level. The George Washington Bridge between New Jersey and New York has two roadway levels. It was built with only the upper roadway as traffic demands did not require more capacity. A truss work between the roadway levels provides stiffness to the roadways and reduced movement of the upper level when installed. Tower Bridge is different example of a double-decker bridge, with the central section consisting of a low level bascule span and a high level footbridge. The George Washington bridge is also the most used bridge in the world.
Old Yamuna Bridge (Delhi) or Bridge No. 249 in technical railway parlance, was constructed in 1866 by the East India Railway at a cost of £16,16,335. It was built with a total length of 2,640 feet (800 m) and consisted of 12 spans of 202.5 feet (61.7 m) each. With the completion of this bridge, two principal cities of North India, Kolkata and Delhi, were connected by the railways; this being the last link of the trunk line on this route. In 1913, this was converted into a double line by adding down line girders of 12 spans of 202 feet (62 m) each and 2 end spans of 42 feet (13 m) to the bridge. For the movement of road traffic, two road bridges were provided below the lines. The entry of trains into Delhi Junction Railway station, in such close proximity to the Red Fort, never ceases to impress the rail traveler,[citation needed] reminding all that after the Uprising of 1857, Delhi was a fortified city. The old Yamuna Bridge has an identical twin, a bridge further downstream at Naini on the Allahabad — Mughalsarai section of the now North Central Railways.
By use[link]
A bridge is designed for trains, pedestrian or road traffic, a pipeline or waterway for water transport or barge traffic. An aqueduct is a bridge that carries water, resembling a viaduct, which is a bridge that connects points of equal height. A road-rail bridge carries both road and rail traffic.
Bridges are subject to unplanned uses as well. The areas underneath some bridges have become makeshift shelters and homes to homeless people, and the undersides of bridges all around the world are spots of prevalent graffiti. Some bridges attract people attempting suicide, and become known as suicide bridges.
To create a beautiful image, some bridges are built much taller than necessary. This type, often found in east-Asian style gardens, is called a Moon bridge, evoking a rising full moon. Other garden bridges may cross only a dry bed of stream washed pebbles, intended only to convey an impression of a stream. Often in palaces a bridge will be built over an artificial waterway as symbolic of a passage to an important place or state of mind. A set of five bridges cross a sinuous waterway in an important courtyard of the Forbidden City in Beijing, China. The central bridge was reserved exclusively for the use of the Emperor, Empress, and their attendants.
By material[link]
Until the end of the 18th Century, bridges were made out of timber, stone and masonry. Modern bridge are currently built in concrete, steel, fiber reinforced polymers (FRP), stainless steel or combinations of those materials. The Iron Bridge completed in 1779 was the first cast iron bridge.
Structure[link]
Bridges may be classified by how the forces of tension, compression, bending, torsion and shear are distributed through their structure. Most bridges will employ all of the principal forces to some degree, but only a few will predominate. The separation of forces may be quite clear. In a suspension or cable-stayed span, the elements in tension are distinct in shape and placement. In other cases the forces may be distributed among a large number of members, as in a truss, or not clearly discernible to a casual observer as in a box beam. Bridges can also be classified by their lineage, which is shown as the vertical axis on the diagram.[clarification needed]
Efficiency[link]
A bridge's structural efficiency is the ratio of load carried to bridge weight, given a specific set of material types. In one common challenge students are divided into groups and given a quantity of wood sticks, a distance to span, and glue, and then asked to construct a bridge that will be tested to destruction by the progressive addition of load at the center of the span. The bridge taking the greatest load is by this test the most structurally efficient. A more refined measure for this exercise is to weigh the completed bridge rather than measure against a fixed quantity of materials provided and determine the multiple of this weight that the bridge can carry, a test that emphasizes economy of materials and efficient glue joints (see balsa wood bridge).
A bridge's economic efficiency will be site and traffic dependent, the ratio of savings by having a bridge (instead of, for example, a ferry, or a longer road route) compared to its cost. The lifetime cost is composed of materials, labor, machinery, engineering, cost of money, insurance, maintenance, refurbishment, and ultimately, demolition and associated disposal, recycling, and replacement, less the value of scrap and reuse of components. Bridges employing only compression are relatively inefficient structurally, but may be highly cost efficient where suitable materials are available near the site and the cost of labor is low. For medium spans, trusses or box beams are usually most economical, while in some cases, the appearance of the bridge may be more important than its cost efficiency. The longest spans usually require suspension bridges.
Other functions[link]
Some bridges accommodate other purposes, such as the tower of Nový Most Bridge in Bratislava, which features a restaurant. Other suspension bridge towers carry transmission antennas.
A bridge can carry overhead power lines as does the Storstrøm Bridge.
Costs and cost overruns frequently occur in bridge construction. Flyvbjerg et al. (2003) found the average cost overrun in bridge building is 34%.[18]
In railway parlance, an overbridge is a bridge crossing over the course of the railway. In contrast, an underbridge allows passage under the line.
Bridge failures[link]
See also: List of bridge failures
The failure of bridges is of special concern for structural engineers in trying to learn lessons vital to bridge design, construction and maintenance. The failure of bridges first assumed national interest during the Victorian era when many new designs were being built, often using new materials.
In the United States, the National Bridge Inventory tracks the structural evaluations of all bridges, including designations such as "structurally deficient" and "functionally obsolete".
Bridge monitoring[link]
See also: Structural Health Monitoring
There are several methods used to monitor the stress on large structures like bridges. The most common method is the use of an accelerometer, which is integrated into the bridge while it is being built. This technology is used for long-term surveillance of the bridge.[19]
Another option for structural-integrity monitoring is "non-contact monitoring", which uses the Doppler effect (Doppler shift). A laser beam from a Laser Doppler Vibrometer is directed at the point of interest, and the vibration amplitude and frequency are extracted from the Doppler shift of the laser beam frequency due to the motion of the surface.[20] The advantage of this method is that the setup time for the equipment is faster and, unlike an accelerometer, this makes measurements possible on multiple structures in as short a time as possible. Additionally, this method can measure specific points on a bridge that might be difficult to access.
Visual index[link]
See also[link]
- Architectural structure
- Bridge to Nowhere (disambiguation)
- BS 5400, a British Standard for steel, concrete and composite bridges
- Cost overrun in bridge construction
- Footbridge
- Landscape architecture
- Megaproject
- Overpass
- Oxford BT Centre for Major Programme Management
- Sea bridge
- Tunnel
- Transporter bridge
References[link]
- Notes
- ^ "Roman Bridge in Cordoba ( 1st century B.C.)" (in (German)). En.structurae.de. http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?id=s0001269. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
- ^ T.H. Nielsen and J. Roy. Defining ancient Arkadia: symposium April 1–4, 1998. Kgl. Danske Videnskabernes Selska, 1998. p. 253. [1]
- ^ "Context for World Heritage Bridges". Icomos.org. 1941-07-01. http://www.icomos.org/studies/bridges.htm. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
- ^ "History of BRIDGES". Historyworld.net. http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab97. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
- ^ "Lessons from Roman Cement and Concrete". Pubs.asce.org. http://www.pubs.asce.org/WWWdisplay.cgi?0103045. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
- ^ Dikshitar, pg. 332
- ^ a b c Dutt, pg 46
- ^ "suspension bridge" in Encyclopædia Britannica (2008). 2008 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
- ^ Nath, pg. 213
- ^ Sapp, Mark E. (February 22, 2008). "Welding Timeline 1900-1950". WeldingHistory.org. http://www.weldinghistory.org/whistoryfolder/welding/wh_1900-1950.html. Retrieved 2008-04-29.
- ^ "Beam bridges". Design Technology. http://www.design-technology.org/beambridges.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-14.
- ^ "A big prefabricated bridge". Life 40 (22): 53–60. 28 May 1956.
- ^ Gorazd Humar (September 2001). "World Famous Arch Bridges in Slovenia". In Charles Abdunur (in English, French). Arch'01: troisième Conférence internationale sur les ponts en arc Paris:. Paris: Presses des Ponts. pp. 121-124. ISBN 2-85978-347-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=E7ywmb24EQMC&lpg=PA121&dq=%22world%20famous%20arch%20bridges%20in%20slovenia%22&pg=PA121#v=onepage&q=%22world%20famous%20arch%20bridges%20in%20slovenia%22&f=false.
- ^ Glass, Amy. "Dubai to build world's longest arch bridge". Arabian Business. http://www.arabianbusiness.com/509621-worlds-longest-arch-bridge-for-dubai?ln=en. Retrieved 2008-05-14.
- ^ Sigmund, Pete (2007-02-07). "The Mighty Mac: A Sublime Engineering Feat". Construction Equipment Guide. http://www.constructionequipmentguide.com/story.asp?story=8153&headline=The%20Mighty%20Mac:%20A%20Sublime%20Engineering%20Feat. Retrieved 2008-05-14.
- ^ Johnson, Andy. "Cable Stay vs Suspension Bridges". U.S. Department of Energy. http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/eng99/eng99373.htm.
- ^ "Bridges". NYCDOT. http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/bridges/bridges.shtml. Retrieved 2008-05-14.
- ^ Flyvbjerg, Bent, Nils Bruzelius, and Werner Rothengatter, 2003. ''Megaprojects and Risk: An Anatomy of Ambition'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). Books.google.com. http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0521009464&id=RAV5P-50UjEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=megaprojects+and+Risk:+An+Anatomy+of+Ambition. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
- ^ "The new Minnesota smart bridge". http://www.mnme.com/pdf/smartbridge.pdf. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
- ^ "Basic Principles of Vibrometry". http://www.polytec.com/us/solutions/vibration-measurement/basic-principles-of-vibrometry/. Retrieved 2012-01-25.
- Bibliography
- Brown, David J. Bridges: Three Thousand Years of Defying Nature. Richmond Hill, Ont: Firefly Books, 2005. ISBN 1-55407-099-6.
- Sandak, Cass R. Bridges. An Easy-read modern wonders book. New York: F. Watts, 1983. ISBN 0-531-04624-9.
- Whitney, Charles S. Bridges of the World: Their Design and Construction. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 2003. ISBN 0-486-42995-4 (Unabridged republication of Bridges : a study in their art, science, and evolution. 1929.)
- Dikshitar, V. R. R. Dikshitar (1993). The Mauryan Polity. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 81-208-1023-6.
- Dutt, Romesh Chunder (2000). A History of Civilisation in Ancient India: Vol II. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-23188-4.
- Nath, R. (1982). History of Mughal Architecture. Abhinav Publications. ISBN 81-7017-159-8.
- Kinney, A. R.; el al. (2003). Worshiping Siva and Buddha: The Temple Art of East Java. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0-8248-2779-1.
- Buck, William; el al. (2000). Ramayana. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-22703-4
External links[link]
 |
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Bridges. |
| Find more about Bridge on Wikipedia's sister projects: | |
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Definitions and translations from Wiktionary |
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Images and media from Commons |
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Learning resources from Wikiversity |
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News stories from Wikinews |
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Quotations from Wikiquote |
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Source texts from Wikisource |
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Textbooks from Wikibooks |
- Digital Bridge: Bridges of the Nineteenth Century, a collection of digitized books at Lehigh University
- Structurae - International Database and Gallery of Engineerings Structures with over 10000 Bridges.
- U.S. Federal Highway Administration Bridge Technology
- Bridge enthusiast site
- Video on how bridges are made (Grade school level educational film by National Association of Manufactures.)
- The Museum of Japanese Timber Bridges Fukuoka University
- "en.Broer.no": site for bridges
- [2] (CNN) 24 of the World's Most Amazing Bridges -retrieved 30 Apr 2011
- Amazing footage of strangler figs made into "living bridges." [3]
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridge
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Josh Hutcherson | |
|---|---|
 Hutcherson at the Sydney premiere of Journey 2: The Mysterious Island in 2012. |
|
| Born | Joshua Ryan Hutcherson (1992-10-12) October 12, 1992 (age 19) Union, Kentucky, U.S. |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 2002–present |
| Website | |
| www.joshhutcherson.com | |
Joshua Ryan "Josh" Hutcherson[1] (born October 12, 1992) is an American film and television actor. He began working in the early 2000s, appearing in several minor film and television roles. He gained wider exposure with major roles in the 2005 films Little Manhattan and Zathura, the 2006 comedy RV, the 2007 family adventure film Firehouse Dog, and the film adaptations of Bridge to Terabithia, Journey to the Center of the Earth and Cirque du Freak: The Vampire's Assistant. On March 30, 2008, Hutcherson won a Young Artist Award (for Leading Young Actor). Hutcherson was also featured on a Celebrity Teens edition of the hit show MTV Cribs, and portrayed Peeta Mellark in the 2012 film The Hunger Games. He will appear in the Red Dawn remake.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Josh Hutcherson was born in Union, Kentucky. His mother, Michelle, is a former Delta Air Lines employee who now assists Josh, and his father, Chris Hutcherson, is an analyst for the EPA.[2] He has a younger brother, Connor, as well as many pets, including two dogs, Diesel and Nixon (a boxer).[3] He has wanted to be an actor since he was four years old,[4] but had only begun auditioning for roles in 2002, at the age of 9.[5] He moved from Union to California, due to limited acting opportunities.[6]
Career[link]
Hutcherson's first role was in the 2002 pilot episode, House Blend; in the same year, he appeared in an episode of ER. In 2003, he played the lead role in the comedy Miracle Dogs (which was released on Animal Planet), starred opposite Peter Falk and Timothy Daly in the made-for-television film, Wilder Days, and had a minor role in the well-reviewed independent film, American Splendor. He performed for the motion-capture imagery in 2004's The Polar Express.
In 2005, Hutcherson appeared in several Hollywood films: he had a minor role in the Will Ferrell comedy Kicking & Screaming, voiced Markl in the animated film Howl's Moving Castle (June), and played the lead roles in Little Manhattan (September) and Zathura, which was released in November to positive reviews. The following year, Hutcherson appeared in the comedy RV, playing the son of Robin Williams's character, and subsequently played Jesse Aarons in the drama Bridge to Terabithia, which was filmed in New Zealand[7] and released on February 16, 2007, performing well critically and commercially. He had not read the novel that the film is based on before being cast in the role.[7][8]
Hutcherson's next role was in Firehouse Dog (released on April 4, 2007), in which he played Shane Fahey, a firefighter's son who befriends a dog.[9] Hutcherson filmed Firehouse Dog before Bridge to Terabithia, though the latter film was released first.[10] His next roles were in the "very dark"[9] independent film drama Winged Creatures,[11] and playing the nephew of Brendan Fraser's character in Journey to the Center of the Earth,[7] a new 3-D film version of the novel of the same name; filming on Journey, which was released on July 11, 2008, began in Montreal in June 2006 and ended in October of that year.[7][9] Hutcherson also appeared in a film adaptation of the book Cirque Du Freak.
In 2010, he had a supporting role in the critically acclaimed movie The Kids Are All Right, playing Laser. Hutcherson has said that he would like to appear in every type of film genre.[9] On April 4, 2011, Lionsgate announced that Hutcherson had been cast as Peeta Mellark in the 2012 film, The Hunger Games.[12]
Personal life[link]
Hutcherson briefly dated his Journey 2 co-star Vanessa Hudgens but the two are now "good friends".[13]
Hutcherson has cited actor Jake Gyllenhaal as an inspiration.[8] On August 11, 2007, Hutcherson served as the Grand Marshal at the Indy Racing League IndyCar Series Meijer Indy 300 at Kentucky Speedway.[14] In September 2008, he went to Italy for the first time. He visited Rome and Milan, and participated in a local event about kids and cinema.[15] Hutcherson recorded a video for the "Straight but not narrow" campaign, designed to encourage young, straight men to come out in support of their gay peers.[16] On Saturday, April 21, 2012, Josh received the Vanguard Award from GLAAD. The Vanguard Award is awarded to one who incases the visibilty and understanding of LGBT folks.[17]
Growing up near Cincinnati, Ohio, Hutcherson is a lifelong fan of the city's Major League Baseball team, the Reds; and got to throw the first pitch before their April 7, 2012 game against the Miami Marlins at Great American Ball Park.[18]
In April 2012, Josh adopted a pit bull named Driver from the Hands, Paws, & Hearts rescue organization in Lancaster, CA.[19]
Being from Kentucky, Hutcherson has been a lifelong Kentucky Wildcats fan. While he was on Conan he admitted to painting his face at a Kentucky Wildcats Basketball game and being a lifelong season ticket holder.[20]
Filmography[link]
Film[link]
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2003 | American Splendor | Robin | |
| 2004 | Motocross Kids | TJ | |
| Howl's Moving Castle | Markl | Voice role: English version | |
| Polar Express, TheThe Polar Express | Hero Boy | ||
| 2005 | One Last Ride | Joey | |
| 2005 | Kicking & Screaming | Bucky Weston | |
| Little Manhattan | Gabe | ||
| Zathura: A Space Adventure | Walter | ||
| 2006 | RV | Carl Munro | |
| 2007 | Bridge to Terabithia | Jesse Aarons | |
| Firehouse Dog | Shane Fahey | ||
| 2008 | Fragments | Jimmy Jaspersen | |
| Journey to the Center of the Earth | Sean Anderson | ||
| 2009 | Cirque du Freak: The Vampire's Assistant | Steve | |
| 2010 | Kids Are All Right, TheThe Kids Are All Right | Laser | |
| 2011 | Detention | Clapton Davis | |
| 2012 | Journey 2: The Mysterious Island | Sean Anderson | |
| Hunger Games, TheThe Hunger Games | Peeta Mellark | ||
| The Forger | Joshua | Completed | |
| Red Dawn | Robert | Completed | |
| 7 días en La Habana | Teddy Atkins | Post-Production | |
| 2013 | The Hunger Games: Catching Fire | Peeta Mellark | Pre-Production |
| Epic | Nod | In-development | |
| Aaron & Sarah | Aaron | In-development | |
| Journey 3 | Sean Anderson | In-development |
Television[link]
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2002 | Becoming Glen | Young Glen | TV Movie |
| House Blend | Nicky Harper | TV Movie | |
| ER | Matt | Episode: "First Snowfall" | |
| 2003 | Division, TheThe Division | Matthew Inwood | Episode: "Till Death Do Us Part" |
| Miracle Dogs | Charlie Logan | TV Movie | |
| Wilder Days | Chris Morse | TV Movie | |
| Line of Fire | Donny Rawlings | Episode: "Take the Money and Run" | |
| 2004 | Eddie's Father | Eddie Corbett | TV Movie |
| Party Wagon | Toad E. Bartley | Voice role; TV Movie | |
| Justice League | Van-El / Young Bruce Wayne | Voice role; Episode: "For the Man Who Has Everything" | |
| 2010 | Third Rule, TheThe Third Rule | Chuck | Short film |
| 2012 | Punk'd | Himself | Reality Show; Episode: "Lucy Hale" |
Producer[link]
| Year | Title | Role |
|---|---|---|
| 2011 | Detention | Claptain Davis |
Awards and nominations[link]
| Year | Award | Category | Nominated Work | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2003 | Young Artist Awards | Best Performance in a TV Movie, Miniseries or Special - Leading Young Actor | Wilder Days | Nominated |
| 2004 | Best Performance in a Feature Film - Young Ensemble Cast | Motocross Kids | ||
| Outstanding Young Ensemble in a New Medium | The Polar Express | Won | ||
| 2005 | Best Performance in a Feature Film (Comedy or Drama) - Leading Young Actor | Zathura: A Space Adventure | ||
| Saturn Awards | Best Performance by a Younger Actor | Nominated | ||
| 2006 | Young Artist Awards | Best Performance in a Feature Film - Leading Young Actor | RV | |
| 2007 | Best Performance in a Feature Film - Leading Young Actor | Bridge to Terabithia | Won | |
| Best Performance in a Feature Film - Young Ensemble Cast | ||||
| Saturn Awards | Best Performance by a Younger Actor | Nominated | ||
| 2008 | Young Artist Awards | Best Performance in a Feature Film - Leading Young Actor | Journey to the Center of the Earth | |
| 2010 | Breakthrough of the Year Awards | Breakthrough Actor in Film | The Kids Are All Right | Won |
| Gotham Awards | Best Cast Ensemble | Nominated | ||
| Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association | Best Ensemble | |||
| Las Vegas Film Critics Society Awards | Youth in Film | |||
| Phoenix Film Critics Society Awards | Best Cast | |||
| 2011 | Central Ohio Film Critics Association Awards | Best Cast Ensemble | ||
| Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards | Best Cast | |||
| Screen Actors Guild Awards | Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture | |||
| Chlotrudis Awards | Best Cast | Won | ||
| 2012 | NewNowNext Awards | Next Mega Star[21] | The Hunger Games | |
| CinemaCon Award | Breakthrough Performer of the Year Award[22] | |||
| GLAAD Vanguard Award | Straight but not Narrow | |||
| MTV Movie Awards | Best Cast | The Hunger Games | Pending | |
| Best Fight | ||||
| Best Kiss | ||||
| Best Male Performance | ||||
| Teen Choice Awards | Choice Movie Actor: Sci-Fi/Fantasy | The Hunger Games & Journey 2: The Mysterious Island |
References[link]
- ^ "Coming attractions". USA Today. 2006-12-22. http://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2006-12-21-coming-attractions_x.htm?POE=LIFISVA.
- ^ Kiesewetter, John (October 19, 2003). "11-year-old finds sudden stardom". The Cincinnati Enquirer. http://www.enquirer.com/editions/2003/10/19/tem_sunlede19.html. Retrieved April 11, 2011.
- ^ Copley, Rich (2007-04-01). "Young film star calls Northern Ky. home.". Lexington Herald-Leader. Archived from the original on 2007-04-30. http://web.archive.org/web/20070430042435/http://www.kentucky.com/121/story/31571.html. Retrieved 2007-04-01.
- ^ "N. Kentucky young star, Bee in films". The Cincinnati Post: p. T7. 2006-04-21. http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:CNPB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=11123F6685ED6908&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420. Retrieved 2007-02-20.
- ^ Bird, Rick (2006-04-28). "Josh: A rising star". The Cincinnati Post (E. W. Scripps Company): p. C1. http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:CNPB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=11158A2E0863B480&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420. Retrieved 2007-02-20.
- ^ Carpenter, Edwin L.. "Josh Hutcherson is Living His Dream as an Actor". Dove. http://www.dove.org/news.asp?ArticleID=112. Retrieved September 16, 2011.
- ^ a b c d Pickle, Betsy (2007-03-09). "‘Terabithia’ stars fall for New Zealand At the movies". The Journal Gazette. http://www.fortwayne.com/mld/journalgazette/16868610.htm. Retrieved 2007-03-26.
- ^ a b Westhoff, Jeffrey (2007-02-15). "Westhoff: 'Terabithia' stars hope to inspire imaginations". Northwest Herald. http://www.nwherald.com/articles/2007/02/15/lifestyle/columnists/doc45d4f4fc4396d715024772.txt. Retrieved 2007-02-20.
- ^ a b c d Jacobs, Evan (2007-03-30). "INTERVIEW: Josh Hutcherson Talks Firehouse Dog". MovieWeb. http://www.movieweb.com/news/67/18767.php. Retrieved 2007-04-01.
- ^ "20th Century Fox - Firehouse Dog - In Theatres : Wednesday". MovieVine. 2007-04-01. http://www.movievine.com/news/article00582.shtml. Retrieved 2007-04-01.
- ^ Fleming, Michael (2007-03-28). "Hudson may star in 'Winged'". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117962040.html?categoryid=13&cs=1. Retrieved 2007-04-01.
- ^ Sperling, Nicole (April 4, 2011). "'The Hunger Games': Josh Hutcherson and Liam Hemsworth complete the love triangle". Los Angeles Times. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2011/04/the-hunger-games-josh-hutcherson-and-liam-hemsworth-complete-the-love-triangle.html. Retrieved April 4, 2011.
- ^ "Josh Hutcherson And Vanessa Hudgens: Most Awkward Interview Ever?". The Huffington Post. 2012-01-18. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/01/18/josh-hutcherson-and-vanes_n_1212160.html. Retrieved 2012-03-24.
- ^ "Hutcherson Will Serve As Grand Marshal at Kentucky". IndyCar.com. 2007-04-17. http://www.indycar.com/news/story.php?story_id=8618. Retrieved 2007-04-17.
- ^ "Finalmente Bentornato Ragazzi E Cinema!". Ragazziecinema.it. http://www.ragazziecinema.it/1.5/ultime-notizie/1-latest-news/191-finalmente-bentornato-ragazzi-e-cinema.html. Retrieved 2012-02-17.
- ^ Williams, Steve. "Actor Josh Hutcherson Records Video for Straight, Not Narrow Campaign". www.care2.com. http://www.care2.com/causes/actor-josh-hutcherson-records-video-for-straight-not-narrow-campaign.html. Retrieved 3/26/2011.
- ^ "'Hunger Games' star Josh Hutcherson to receive GLAAD honor". Ministry of Gossip. LA Times. April 16, 2012. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/gossip/2012/04/josh-hutcherson-hunger-games-exclusive-glaad-media-award.html. Retrieved April 16, 2012.
- ^ Meggie Zahneis (April 7, 2012). "Stars come out for Reds' opening weekend". MLB.com. MLB Advanced Media. http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20120407&content_id=28104184&vkey=breakingbarriers&c_id=mlb. Retrieved April 8, 2012.
- ^ ""The Hunger Games" Star Josh Hutcherson Adopts!". TooFab. http://www.toofab.com/2012/04/17/josh-hutcherson-adopts-pit-bull-puppy-driver-the-hunger-games/. Retrieved April 18, 2012.
- ^ "The Hunger Games' Josh Hutcherson Is A Kentucky Facepainter". TeamCoco.com. March 27, 2012. http://teamcoco.com/video/josh-hutcherson-kentucky. Retrieved May 16, 2012.
- ^ Vena, Jocelyn (February 29, 2012). "NewNowNext Nominees Include Josh Hutcherson, Elizabeth Olsen". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1680115/new-now-next-awards-nominations.jhtml. Retrieved March 10, 2012.
- ^ "JOSH HUTCHERSON TO RECEIVE “CINEMACON® BREAKTHROUGH PERFORMER OF THE YEAR AWARD”". CinemaCon. March 27, 2012. http://www.cinemacon.com/media/press-release/2012/josh-hutcherson-to-receive-cinemacon-breakthrough-performer-of-the-year-award.html. Retrieved March 27, 2012.
External links[link]
- Josh Hutcherson at the Internet Movie Database
- Josh Hutcherson on Twitter
- People in Film: Josh Hutcherson - Focus Features
- Josh Hutcherson on Myspace
- Josh Hutcherson's channel on YouTube
- Josh Hutcherson on Facebook
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Hutcherson, Josh |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 1992-10-12 |
| Place of birth | Union, Kentucky, U.S. |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh_Hutcherson
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
