Alexander the Great and Roxana

Roxana (Avestan: Raoxshna or Roshanak, "luminous beauty"; Persian: رخسانه‎ Rokhsāna; Pashto: روښانه Rox̌āna), sometimes Roxanne and Roxane, was a Bactrian princess and a wife of Alexander the Great. She was born earlier than the year 343 BC, though the precise date remains uncertain.

Life[link]

Roxana was the daughter of a Bactrian named Oxyartes of Balkh in Bactria (around modern-day Balkh province of Afghanistan), and married Alexander at the age of 16 after he visited the fortress of Sogdian Rock. Balkh was the last of the Persian Empire's provinces to fall to Alexander. Ancient sources describe Alexander's professed love for Roxana. She accompanied him on his campaign in Pakistan and northern India in 326 BC.

After Alexander's sudden death at Babylon in 323 BC, she bore him a posthumous son called Alexander IV Aegus. Also, after Alexander's death, Roxana murdered Alexander's other widow, Stateira II, as well as either Stateira's sister Drypteis^[1] or Parysatis II (Alexander's third wife).

Roxana and her son were protected by Alexander's mother, Olympias, in Macedonia, but her assassination in 316 BC allowed Cassander to seek kingship. Since Alexander IV Aegus was the legitimate heir to the Alexandrian empire, Cassander ordered him and Roxana assassinated about 310 BC.

Historical Novels[link]

• Roxana is one of the main characters in The Romance of Ricardo and Roxana by Marshall Monroe Kirkman, 1909, reprinted 2010, ISBN 978-1-160-01995-8.
• Roxana appears as one of the characters in A Conspiracy of Women by Aubrey Menen, 1965.
• Roxana appears as one of the minor characters in The Persian Boy by Mary Renault, 1972, ISBN 0-394-48191-7. Renault uses the spelling Roxane.
• Roxana appears as one of the characters in Funeral Games by Mary Renault, 1981, ISBN 0-394-52068-8. Renault uses the spelling Roxane.
• Roxana appears as one of the characters in Alexander: The Ends of the Earth by Valerio Massimo Manfredi, 2002, ISBN 978-0-7434-3438-6.
• Roxana is the main character in Roxana Romance by A. J. Cave, 2008, Hardcover ISBN 978-0-9802061-0-4, eBook ISBN 978-0-9802061-1-1.

See also[link]

• Balkh
• Alexander IV Aegus
• Alexandre et Roxane, opera by Mozart

References[link]

External links[link]

•  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Roxana". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 
• Livius.org: Roxane by Jona Lendering
• Wiki Classical Dictionary: Roxane, daughter of Oxyartes
• Roxana from Charles Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1867)

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Pedro Aznar
Aznar in a performance in Santiago, Chile
Background information
Born	(1959-07-08) 8 July 1959 (age 52) Argentina
Genres	Rock, Progressive rock, jazz, folk music
Occupations	Musician, songwriter, poet, film scorer
Instruments	Vocals, bass, guitar
Labels	Columbia
Associated acts	The Pat Metheny Group, Serú Girán
Website	Artist's website

Pedro Aznar (born 23 July 1959) is an Argentine musician, with a lifetime of experience in jazz, Argentinian folk music, and rock and has had a successful career as a solo artist.^[1] He is very well known for giving rock songs a jazz-oriented style, by playing the fretless bass, with a big influence from Jaco Pastorius.^[2] He is a multi-instrumentalist and the author of several books of poetry published in Argentina.

He is also an important figure in Argentine rock, where in the mid-1970s, he had various appearances with groups like ALAS and Pastoral. He became one of four members of Serú Girán in 1978, one of the most musically influential bands that dominated Argentina's rock circuit for the next four years. In 1982 he accepted an invitation from Pat Metheny to join The Pat Metheny Group as a vocalist, with whom he recorded three Grammy Award-winning albums.^[3]

Later he began his solo career, while also working scoring music to film soundtracks. His 1991 album Tango 4 with Charly García as a duo went platinum and was named best rock album of the year in Argentina by the Argentine Association of Entertainment Critics.^[4]

Selected discography[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Artist's website

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