Malabar Hill
—  Neighbourhood  —
Malabar Hill in the 1850s
Malabar Hill
Coordinates: 18°57′00″N 72°47′42″E / 18.95°N 72.795°E / 18.95; 72.795Coordinates: 18°57′00″N 72°47′42″E / 18.95°N 72.795°E / 18.95; 72.795
Country	India
State	Maharashtra
Metro	Mumbai
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)

Malabar Hill, a hillock in southern Mumbai, India is an extremely upmarket residential area, most known for the Walkeshwar Temple which houses the Banganga Tank. Situated at a height of 50 metres (approx. 165 feet), it is the highest point in South Mumbai.

History[link]

The well known and prominent Keyi family of North Malabar in Kerala was founded by Chovvakkaran Moosa^{[citation needed]} in the early 18th Century. He was a strong force in trade and commerce during that time, having powerful links with rulers, kings and countries. He started off his business with the Portuguese, the French, and the British. He owned a large part of Bombay including the area currently known as Malabar Hill and many parts in Chowpatti Beach area. Even today the family has some old shops and buildings in that area. When the British East India Company started creating problems for their business, they had to call a truce with them in order to survive. The Keyis tried everything from funding Tipu Sultan and Pazhassi Raja (the movie just released in India Pazhassi Raja even mentions that the king actually owed money to Chovvakkaran Moosa) in their war with the British at the time. When everything failed, they donated the entire area now known as Malabar Hill to the East India Company to maintain the Keyis' trading rights in the North Malabar area  . Hence the name, Malabar Hill for this Western India prime property.

Malabar Hill is the location of the Walkeshwar Temple, founded by the Silhara kings. The original temple was destroyed by the Portuguese, but rebuilt again in 1715 by Rama Kamath, and by 1860, 10 to 20 other temples were built in the region.^[1]

Mountstuart Elphinstone built the first bungalow in Malabar Hill while he was Governor of Bombay, between 1819 and 1827. Following his example, the place soon became a posh locality, as it is today.^[1]

Overview[link]

The Banganga Tank, attached to the Walkeshwar Temple, is the oldest standing structure in Mumbai. Hindu mythology has it that Lord Rama, on his way to Sri Lanka to rescue his kidnapped wife, Sita, felt thirsty and stopped at the location of the Banganga Tank and shot an arrow into the ground. A water fountain erupted and Rama quenched his thirst. It is believed that the very same spring still fills the Banganga tank today. A Jain temple dedicated to Adinath, the first Jain Tirthankara, and the Parsi Tower of Silence are two other religious structures in this district. Malabar Hill is the location of the Hanging Gardens of Mumbai, Kamala Nehru Park, and Priyadarshini Park, which is adjacent to the Arabian Sea.

The Malabar Hill district is arguably the most exclusive residential area in Mumbai, and home to several business tycoons and film personalities. Raj Bhavan, the official residence of the Governor and the bungalow "Varsha", which is the official residence of the Chief Minister of Maharashtra are located here. Houses here are amongst the most expensive in the world. An unhindered view of Back Bay, with the Girgaum Chowpatti beach in the foreground, and the Nariman Point skyline in the background is one of the reasons for the sky-high real estate prices in this district (Rs. 60,000+, or US$ 1200+ per square foot). In January 2012 Maheshwari House was (partly) sold to industrialist Sajjan Jindal of Jindal Steel for 400 crores or > Rs. 92,000 per square foot. This makes it the most expensive house ever sold in India and maybe in the world?). The 400 crores were good for 2/3 of the house.The most expensive private residency lies just outside Malabar Hill namely The 27-storey, billion-dollar tower in Mumbai, called Antilia owned by India's richest and the world ninth richest person Mukesh Ambani, chairman of Reliance.

Buses only started serving this area during WWII.

The former residence of Mohammad Ali Jinnah, founder of Pakistan is also present here, but is closed to public due to property disputes.^[2]

Also of note in the Malabar Hill district, there is a cremation ground that sits near the sea which is home to the samadhi shrines of several famous Indian saints. Notably among them is the samadhi shrine of the guru of Shri Nisargadatta Maharaj, who was Shri Siddharameshwar Maharaj, as well as the samadhi shrine of his devoted disciple Shri Ranjit Maharaj.^[3]

Gallery[link]

• 

  Priyadarshini Park in Mumbai

• 

  Malabar Point, Bombay, 1865

• 

  The Hanging Gardens at Malabar Hill (ca. 1905)

References[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Malabar Hill

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Look up Malabar or malabar in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Malabar may refer to:

Places[link]

India[link]

• Malabar (Northern Kerala), northern districts of Kerala state
  • North Malabar
• Malabar Coast, the entire south-western coast of the Indian peninsula
• Malabar District, a former district around Malabar (Northern Kerala); 1792–1956
• Dutch Malabar, former Dutch colony; 1661–1795
• Zamorin, aka Kingdom of Malabar or Samoothiri; 12th Century - 1766
• Kingdom of Cheras, South India; 5th Century BCE - 1102 CE
• Malabar Hill, a neighbourhood of Mumbai

Other[link]

• Malabar, New South Wales, a suburb of Sydney, Australia
  • Malabar Headland, near Malabar, New South Wales
  • Malabar Battery, a coastal defence battery built in 1943 during World War II at Malabar Headland, Malabar, New South Wales, Australia. It is also known as Boora Point Battery
• Malabar, Indonesia, a town on the island of Java, Indonesia
• Mount Malabar, volcano in Indonesia
• Malabar Island (also called Middle Island), part of the Aldabra atoll in the Seychelles
• Masjid Malabar, a mosque in Singapore
• Malabar, Trinidad and Tobago
• Malabar, Florida, United States
• Malabar Farm State Park in Mansfield, Ohio, United States, the former home of Louis Bromfield

Botany[link]

• Malabathrum or Malabar leaf, classical or medieval name for Cinnamomum tamala
• Malabar spinach, Basella alba, vine in the tropics sometimes used as a vegetable
• Malabar pepper, a variety of Black pepper, Piper nigrum
• Malabar nut, Justicia adhatoda, medicinal plant from Asia
• Malabar chestnut, Pachira aquatica, wetland tree from Central and South America
• Malabar (beans)

Zoology[link]

• Malabar Barbet, a small barbet found in the Western Ghats of India. It was formerly treated as a race of the Crimson-fronted Barbet. It overlaps in some places with the range of the Coppersmith Barbet (Megalaima haemacephala)
• Malabar danio, a tropical fish belonging to the minnow family (Cyprinidae)
• Malabar grouper, an Indo-Pacific species of fish in the family Serranidae
• Malabar Large-spotted Civet, a civet
• Malabar Lark, Galerida malabarica, is a sedentary breeding bird in western India
• Malabar Spiny Dormouse, a species of muroid rodent endemic to the Western Ghats of India
• Malabar Trogon, a species of bird in the trogon family
• Malabar Whistling-thrush, a whistling thrush in the thrush family Turdidae

People[link]

• Malabars, a mistaken appellation for people of South Indian origin and Sri Lankan Tamils used by 19th century westerners
• Malbars, People of Tamil origin in Réunion
• Behramji Malabari (1853–1912), Indian poet, publicist, author, and social reformer best known for his ardent advocacy for the protection of the rights of women
• Malabar Singh Thapa, Nepalese politician, belonging to the Rastriya Janamukti Party

In films and literature[link]

• Malabar, a fictional horse in The Rocking-Horse Winner (1926) by D. H. Lawrence
• Malabar Princess, a 2004 French film directed by Gilles Legrand
• Malabar Wedding, a 2008 Malayalam film directed by the Rajesh-Faisal duo

Other uses[link]

• HMS Malabar
• USS Malabar (AF-37), an Adria-class stores ship acquired by the U.S. Navy for service in World War II. Her task was to carry stores, refrigerated items, and equipment to ships in the fleet, and to remote stations and staging areas
• SS Malabar, a series of steamships, including SS Malabar, also SS Malabar 1914, 1925, 1938 and 1945
• Malabar United FC, a football club, which is registered in Kochi, but has its training base in Kozhikode, based in Kerala state of India
• Malabar (chewing gum), a bubble gum produced in France by Cadbury
• Malabar Christian College, a college run by the Protestant Church of South India
• 754 Malabar, an asteroid discovered by August Kopff
• Malabar (typeface), a serif font family
• Exercise Malabar, a multilateral naval exercise involving the United States, India, Japan, Australia, and Singapore
• Malabar Branch, a branch library of the Los Angeles Public Library located in the Boyle Heights section of Los Angeles, California
• Malabar Cancer Centre, established at Kodiyeri near Thalassery in Kerala state, South India is an autonomous centre under the Government of Kerala
• Malabar Express, a train service in India, named after the Malabar Coast
• Malabar Hill Club, a sports club based in Mumbai, India
• Malabar Migration, the large-scale migration from Central-South Kerala to northern regions of Kerala called Malabar in the 20th century
• Malabar matthi curry, a dish where the body of a sardine is semi-stewed in a Kerala-style curry with assorted vegetables
• Malabar rainforests, one or more distinct ecoregions recognized by biogeographers
• Monsooned Malabar, a variety of dry processed coffee beans
• Malabar Police

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Kamala Nehru

Kamala Kaul Nehru (1899–1936) was the wife of Jawaharlal Nehru - leader of the Indian National Congress. Kamala married Nehru on 7 February 1916.

Contribution to the Indian Freedom Movement[link]

Born on 1 August 1899 and brought up in a traditional Kashmiri Brahmin family of old Delhi, Kamala was simple, quiet and unobtrusive .^{[citation needed]} She felt alienated amongst the more Westernized Nehrus.^{[citation needed]} It was only with the involvement of the Nehrus in the national movement, that she emerged into the forefront.^{[citation needed]} In the Non Cooperation movement of 1921, she organized groups of women in Allahabad and picketed shops selling foreign cloth and liquor. When her husband was arrested to prevent him delivering a "seditious" public speech, she went in his place to read it out. She was twice arrested by British authorities.

Family and Friends[link]

Rajpati and Jawaharmal Kaul were Kamala Nehru's parents. Kamala, their eldest child, had two brothers, Chand Bahadur Kaul and the botanist, Kailas Nath Kaul, and a sister, Swaroop Kathju. In November 1917, Kamala gave birth to a daughter, Indira Priyadarshini, who later succeeded her father as prime minister and head of the Congress party. Kamala gave birth to a boy in November 1924, but he was premature and died 2 days later.

She spent some time at Gandhi's ashram with Kasturba Gandhi where she built a close friendship with Prabhavati Devi.

Death and Legacy[link]

Kamala died from tuberculosis in Lausanne, Switzerland on 28 February 1936. Her daughter and her mother-in-law were by her side when she breathed her last. Kamala was cremated at the Lasagna Crematorium. A number of institutions in India, such as Kamla Nehru College, University of Delhi, Kamla Nehru Park, Kamla Nehru Hospital are named after her.

See also[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Kamala Nehru

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