Troyes
Flag of Troyes
Troyes
Location within Champagne-Ardenne region  Troyes
Administration
Country	France
Region	Champagne-Ardenne
Department	Aube
Arrondissement	Troyes
Intercommunality	Troyes
Mayor	François Baroin (UMP) (2008–2014)
Statistics
Elevation	118 m (387 ft) avg.
Land area1	13.20 km2 (5.10 sq mi)
Population2	61,544  (2008)
- Density	4,662 /km2 (12,070 /sq mi)
INSEE/Postal code	10387/ 10000
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.
2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Coordinates: 48°17′59″N 4°04′45″E / 48.2997°N 4.0792°E / 48.2997; 4.0792

Troyes (French pronunciation: [tʁwa]) is a commune and the capital of the Aube department in north-central France. It is located on the Seine river about 150 km (93 mi) southeast of Paris. Many half-timbered houses (mainly of the 16th century) survive in the old town. Troyes has been in existence since the Roman era, as Augustobona Tricassium, which stood at the hub of numerous highways, primarily the Via Agrippa.

History[link]

For the ecclesiastical history, see bishopric of Troyes

Troyes has been in existence since the Roman era, as Augustobona Tricassium, which stood at the hub of numerous highways, primarily the Via Agrippa which led north to Reims and south to Langres and eventually to Milan;^[1] other Roman routes from Troyes led to Poitiers, Autun and Orléans.^[2] It was the civitas of the Tricasses,^[3] who had been separated by Augustus from the Senones. Of the Gallo-Roman city of the early Empire, some scattered remains have been found, but no public monuments, other than traces of an aqueduct. By the Late Empire the settlement was reduced in extent, and referred to as Tricassium or Tricassae, the origin of French Troyes ("three").

The city was the seat of a bishop from the fourth century – the legend of its bishop Lupus (Loup), who saved the city from Attila by offering himself as hostage is hagiographic rather than historical^[4] – though it was several centuries before it gained importance as a medieval centre of commerce.

In the early cathedral on the present site, Louis the Stammerer in 878 received at Troyes the imperial crown from the hands of Pope John VIII. At the end of the ninth century, following depredations to the city by Normans, the counts of Champagne chose Troyes as their capital; it remained the capital of the Province of Champagne until the Revolution. The Abbey of Saint-Loup developed a renowned library and scriptorium. During the Middle Ages, it was an important trading town, and gave its name to troy weight. The Champagne cloth fairs and the revival of long-distance trade and new extension of coinage and credit were the real engines that drove the medieval economy of Troyes.

In 1285, when Philip the Fair united Champagne to the royal domain, the town kept a number of its traditional privileges. John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy and ally of the English, aimed in 1417 at making Troyes the capital of France, and he came to an understanding with Isabeau of Bavaria, wife of Charles VI of France, that a court, council, and parlement with comptroller's offices should be established at Troyes. It was at Troyes, then in the hands of the Burgundians, that on 21 May 1420, the Treaty of Troyes was signed by which Henry V of England was betrothed to Catherine, daughter of Charles VI, and by terms of which he was to succeed Charles, to the detriment of the Dauphin. The high watermark of Plantagenet hegemony in France was reversed when the Dauphin, afterwards Charles VII, and Joan of Arc recovered the town of Troyes in 1429.

In medieval times Troyes was an important international trade centre, centring around the Troyes Fair. The name troy weight for gold derives from the standard of measurement evolving here.^[5]==

Cathédrale Saint-Pierre-et-Saint-Paul de Troyes (1549).

Town Hall of Troyes.

The great fire of 1524 destroyed much of the medieval city, in spite of the city's numerous canals.

Main sights[link]

• Many half-timbered houses (mainly of the 16th century) survive in the old town.
• Hôtels Particuliers (palaces) of the old town : Hôtel de Marisy, Hôtel du Lion Noir...
• The Hôtel de Ville, Place Alexandre Israël, is an urbane example of the style Louis XIII. On the central corps de logis which contains the main reception rooms, its cornice is rhythmically broken forward over paired Corinthian columns which are supported below by strong clustered pilasters. Above the entrance door the statue of Louis XIV was pulled out of its niche and smashed in 1793, during the Reign of Terror at the height of the French Revolution; it was replaced in the nineteenth century with the present Helmeted Minerva and the device in its original form, now rare to see "Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité, ou la Mort"

In the Salle du Conseil (Council Chamber) a marble medallion of Louis XIV (1690) by François Girardon, born at Troyes, survived unscathed.

Museums[link]

• Museum of Modern Art (Musée d'Art Moderne)
• Maison de l'outil et de la pensée ouvrière
• Vauluisant Museum :
  • Historical museum of Troyes and Champagne-Ardenne
  • Museum of hosiery
• Hôtel-Dieu-Lecomte apothecary
• Saint-Loup Museum (Museum of fine arts)
• Di Marco Museum (Open from 1 April to 1 October, each year)

Churches[link]

Cathedral western front.

Not having suffered from the last wars, Troyes has a high density of old religious buildings grouped close to the downtown area. They include:

• Saint-Pierre-et-Saint-Paul Cathedral
• Saint-Nizier Church, in Gothic and Renaissance style, with remarkable sculptures. Classified Monument Historique ( French equivalence) in 1840.
• the Gothic Saint-Urbain Basilica (thirteenth century), with a roofing covered by polished tiles. Proclaimed basilica in 1964, it was built by Jacques Pantaléon, elected pope in 1261, under the name of Urbain IV, on grounds where the workshop of his father was. Classified Monument Historique in 1840.
• Sainte-Madeleine Church. Glittery jube sculpted by Jean Gailde, with a statue of Saint Martha. Saint Jean district. Classified Monument historique in 1840.
• the Saint-Jean Church, with a Renaissance chancel, tabernacle of the high altar by Giraudon. On the portal, coat of arms of Charles IX. Classified Monument Historique in 1840.
• the Gothic Saint-Nicolas Church, dating to the beginning of the sixteenth century, with a calvary chapel shaped rostrum is reached by a monumental staircase. On the south portal, two sculptures by François Gentil: David and Isaiah.
• Saint-Pantaléon Church, with numerous statuary from the sixteenth century.
• Saint Remy Church. It includes a crooked spire, from a height of 60 m (196.85 ft), its external clock with only one hand, a sundial with the Latin lettering sicut umbra dies nostri super terram ("our days on earth pass like the shade").
• church of Saint-Martin-ès-Vignes. It has stained glass windows of the seventeenth century by the local master-verrier Linard Gontier.

Population[link]

City center

Houses in the old town

The inhabitants of the commune are called Troyens.

Economy[link]

Troyes is home to the Lacoste company production headquarters, one of the most popular fashion brands in the Western World. It is also home of prize-winning chocolate maker Pascal Caffet.^[6]

Transport[link]

The train station Gare de Troyes offers connections to Paris, Dijon, Mulhouse and several regional destinations. Troyes is at the junction of the motorways A5 (Paris – Troyes – Langres) and A26 (Calais – Reims – Troyes). Troyes – Barberey Airport is a small regional airport.

Sport[link]

Troyes is the home of association football club Troyes AC, or ESTAC. ESTAC operated in the highest division of French football, the Ligue 1 during the 2006–2007 season but were relegated to Ligue 2.

In popular culture[link]

A board game named after the city was published in 2010.

Personalities[link]

Troyes was the birthplace of:

• Patroclus of Troyes (3rd century), martyr
• Rashi (1040–1105), biblical and Talmudic commentator
• Hughes de Payens (1070–1136), Knight of the First Crusade and founder of the Knights Templar
• Chrétien de Troyes, 12th-century trouvère
• Jacques Pantaléon, (c. 1195–1264), Pope Urban IV
• Pierre Pithou (1539–1596), Calvinist jurisconsult and scholar, co-editor of the Satire Ménippée,
• Linard Gonthier (1565–after 1642), glass painter
• Pierre Mignard (1610–1695), painter,
• François Girardon (1628–1715), sculptor
• Nicolas Siret (1663–1754), composer
• Émile Coué (1857–1926) pharmacist, hypnotist, and creator of La méthode Coué ("Every day, in every way, I'm getting better and better').
• Édouard Herriot (1872–1957), Radical politician of the Third Republic who served three times as Prime Minister of France.
• Maurice Marinot (1882–1960), Glass Artist. Painter
• Jean-Marie Bigard, French stand-up comedian, writer and director.
• Saint Marguerite Bourgeoys, (1620–1700) a founder of Montreal, Canada
• Abdou Sissoko footballer
• Aurelien Heiny-Robert

Twin towns[link]

Troyes is twinned with:

• Alkmaar, Netherlands
• Chesterfield, England
• Tournai, Belgium
• Darmstadt, Germany, since 1958^[7]
• Zielona Góra, Poland, since 1970^[8]

See also[link]

• Count of Troyes
• University of Technology of Troyes
• Communes of the Aube department

References[link]

• INSEE

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Troyes

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Troyes". Catholic Encyclopedia. Robert Appleton Company. 
• (French)Troyes city council website

This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in the French Wikipedia. (December 2008) Don't speak French? Click here to read a machine-translated version of the French article. Click [show] on the right to review important translation instructions before translating. Google's machine translation is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. After translating, {{Translated|fr|Troyes}} must be added to the talk page to ensure copyright compliance. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

v t e Communes of the Aube department Ailleville Aix-en-Othe Allibaudières Amance Arcis-sur-Aube Arconville Argançon Arrelles Arrembécourt Arrentières Arsonval Assenay Assencières Aubeterre Aulnay Auxon Avant-lès-Marcilly Avant-lès-Ramerupt Avirey-Lingey Avon-la-Pèze Avreuil Bagneux-la-Fosse Bailly-le-Franc Balignicourt Balnot-la-Grange Balnot-sur-Laignes Barberey-Saint-Sulpice Barbuise Baroville Bar-sur-Aube Bar-sur-Seine Bayel Bercenay-en-Othe Bercenay-le-Hayer Bergères Bernon Bertignolles Bérulle Bessy Bétignicourt Beurey Blaincourt-sur-Aube Blignicourt Bligny Les Bordes-Aumont Bossancourt Bouilly Boulages Bouranton Bourdenay Bourguignons Bouy-Luxembourg Bouy-sur-Orvin Bragelogne-Beauvoir Braux Bréviandes Brévonnes Briel-sur-Barse Brienne-la-Vieille Brienne-le-Château Brillecourt Bucey-en-Othe Buchères Buxeuil Buxières-sur-Arce Celles-sur-Ource Chacenay La Chaise Chalette-sur-Voire Chamoy Champfleury Champignol-lez-Mondeville Champigny-sur-Aube Champ-sur-Barse Channes Chaource La Chapelle-Saint-Luc Chapelle-Vallon Chappes Charmont-sous-Barbuise Charmoy Charny-le-Bachot Chaserey Châtres Chauchigny Chaudrey Chauffour-lès-Bailly Chaumesnil Chavanges Le Chêne Chennegy Chervey Chesley Chessy-les-Prés Clérey Coclois Colombé-la-Fosse Colombé-le-Sec Cormost Courcelles-sur-Voire Courceroy Coursan-en-Othe Courtaoult Courtenot Courteranges Courteron Coussegrey Couvignon Crancey Creney-près-Troyes Crésantignes Crespy-le-Neuf Les Croûtes Cunfin Cussangy Dampierre Davrey Dienville Dierrey-Saint-Julien Dierrey-Saint-Pierre Dolancourt Dommartin-le-Coq Donnement Dosches Dosnon Droupt-Saint-Basle Droupt-Sainte-Marie Eaux-Puiseaux Échemines Éclance Éguilly-sous-Bois Engente Épagne Épothémont Ervy-le-Châtel Essoyes Estissac Étourvy Étrelles-sur-Aube Faux-Villecerf Fay-lès-Marcilly Fays-la-Chapelle Ferreux-Quincey Feuges Fontaine Fontaine-les-Grès Fontaine-Mâcon Fontenay-de-Bossery Fontette Fontvannes La Fosse-Corduan Fouchères Fralignes Fravaux Fresnay Fresnoy-le-Château Fuligny Gélannes Géraudot Les Grandes-Chapelles Grandville Les Granges Gumery Gyé-sur-Seine Hampigny Herbisse Isle-Aubigny Isle-Aumont Jasseines Jaucourt Javernant Jessains Jeugny Joncreuil Jully-sur-Sarce Juvancourt Juvanzé Juzanvigny Lagesse Laines-aux-Bois Landreville Lantages Lassicourt Laubressel Lavau Lentilles Lesmont Lévigny Lhuître Lignières Lignol-le-Château Lirey Loches-sur-Ource La Loge-aux-Chèvres La Loge-Pomblin Les Loges-Margueron Longchamp-sur-Aujon Longeville-sur-Mogne Longpré-le-Sec Longsols Longueville-sur-Aube La Louptière-Thénard Lusigny-sur-Barse Luyères Macey Machy Magnant Magnicourt Magny-Fouchard Mailly-le-Camp Maison-des-Champs Maisons-lès-Chaource Maisons-lès-Soulaines Maizières-la-Grande-Paroisse Maizières-lès-Brienne Maraye-en-Othe Marcilly-le-Hayer Marigny-le-Châtel Marnay-sur-Seine Marolles-lès-Bailly Marolles-sous-Lignières Mathaux Maupas Mergey Le Mériot Merrey-sur-Arce Méry-sur-Seine Mesgrigny Mesnil-la-Comtesse Mesnil-Lettre Mesnil-Saint-Loup Mesnil-Saint-Père Mesnil-Sellières Messon Metz-Robert Meurville Molins-sur-Aube Montaulin Montceaux-lès-Vaudes Montfey Montgueux Montiéramey Montier-en-l'Isle Montigny-les-Monts Montmartin-le-Haut Montmorency-Beaufort Montpothier Montreuil-sur-Barse Montsuzain Morembert Morvilliers La Motte-Tilly Moussey Mussy-sur-Seine Neuville-sur-Seine Neuville-sur-Vannes Noë-les-Mallets Les Noës-près-Troyes Nogent-en-Othe Nogent-sur-Aube Nogent-sur-Seine Nozay Onjon Origny-le-Sec Ormes Ortillon Orvilliers-Saint-Julien Ossey-les-Trois-Maisons Paisy-Cosdon Palis Pargues Pars-lès-Chavanges Pars-lès-Romilly Le Pavillon-Sainte-Julie Payns Pel-et-Der Périgny-la-Rose Perthes-lès-Brienne Petit-Mesnil Piney Plaines-Saint-Lange Plancy-l'Abbaye Planty Plessis-Barbuise Poivres Poligny Polisot Polisy Pont-Sainte-Marie Pont-sur-Seine Pouan-les-Vallées Pougy Pouy-sur-Vannes Praslin Précy-Notre-Dame Précy-Saint-Martin Prémierfait Proverville Prugny Prunay-Belleville Prusy Puits-et-Nuisement Racines Radonvilliers Ramerupt Rances Rhèges Les Riceys Rigny-la-Nonneuse Rigny-le-Ferron Rilly-Sainte-Syre La Rivière-de-Corps Romilly-sur-Seine Roncenay Rosières-près-Troyes Rosnay-l'Hôpital La Rothière Rouilly-Sacey Rouilly-Saint-Loup Rouvres-les-Vignes Rumilly-lès-Vaudes Ruvigny Saint-André-les-Vergers Saint-Aubin Saint-Benoist-sur-Vanne Saint-Benoît-sur-Seine Saint-Christophe-Dodinicourt Sainte-Maure Sainte-Savine Saint-Étienne-sous-Barbuise Saint-Flavy Saint-Germain Saint-Hilaire-sous-Romilly Saint-Jean-de-Bonneval Saint-Julien-les-Villas Saint-Léger-près-Troyes Saint-Léger-sous-Brienne Saint-Léger-sous-Margerie Saint-Loup-de-Buffigny Saint-Lupien Saint-Lyé Saint-Mards-en-Othe Saint-Martin-de-Bossenay Saint-Mesmin Saint-Nabord-sur-Aube Saint-Nicolas-la-Chapelle Saint-Oulph Saint-Parres-aux-Tertres Saint-Parres-lès-Vaudes Saint-Phal Saint-Pouange Saint-Remy-sous-Barbuise Saint-Thibault Saint-Usage Salon Saulcy La Saulsotte Savières Semoine Soligny-les-Étangs Sommeval Soulaines-Dhuys Souligny Spoy Thennelières Thieffrain Thil Thors Torcy-le-Grand Torcy-le-Petit Torvilliers Traînel Trancault Trannes Trouans Troyes Turgy Unienville Urville Vailly Val-d'Auzon Vallant-Saint-Georges Vallentigny Vallières Vanlay Vauchassis Vauchonvilliers Vaucogne Vaudes Vaupoisson Vendeuvre-sur-Barse La Vendue-Mignot Vernonvilliers Verpillières-sur-Ource Verricourt Verrières Viâpres-le-Petit Villacerf Villadin La Ville-aux-Bois Villechétif Villeloup Villemaur-sur-Vanne Villemereuil Villemoiron-en-Othe Villemorien Villemoyenne Villenauxe-la-Grande La Villeneuve-au-Châtelot Villeneuve-au-Chemin La Villeneuve-au-Chêne Villeret Villery Ville-sous-la-Ferté Ville-sur-Arce Ville-sur-Terre Villette-sur-Aube Villiers-Herbisse Villiers-le-Bois Villiers-sous-Praslin Villy-en-Trodes Villy-le-Bois Villy-le-Maréchal Vinets Virey-sous-Bar Vitry-le-Croisé Viviers-sur-Artaut Voigny Vosnon Voué Vougrey Vulaines Yèvres-le-Petit

Michel Bastos

Personal information
Full name	Michel Fernandes Bastos
Date of birth	(1983-08-02) 2 August 1983 (age 28)
Place of birth	Pelotas, Brazil
Height	1.79 m (5 ft 10 in)
Playing position	Left winger Left back
Club information
Current club	Lyon
Number	11
Youth career
1994–2001	Pelotas
Senior career*
Years	Team	Apps†	(Gls)†
2001–2003	Feyenoord	0	(0)
2002–2003	→ Excelsior (loan)	28	(0)
2003–2006	Atlético Paranaense	10	(0)
2004	→ Grêmio (loan)	19	(4)
2005	→ Figueirense (loan)	34	(10)
2006–2009	Lille	97	(25)
2009–	Lyon	57	(15)
National team‡
2009–	Brazil	10	(1)
* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of 22 February 2010. † Appearances (Goals). ‡ National team caps and goals correct as of 2 July 2010

Michel Fernandes Bastos (born 2 August 1983) is a Brazilian footballer. He currently plays for Olympique Lyonnais in Ligue 1. He primarily plays as a winger capable of playing on either side of the field, but plays as a left back for the Brazil national team. Bastos made his national team debut on 14 November 2009 against England in Doha, Qatar.

Bastos started his career at hometown club Pelotas before moving to the Netherlands, where he played for Feyenoord and Excelsior. He then returned to Brazil, where he played for Atlético Paranaense, Grêmio and Figueirense. He moved to French club Lille in 2006 before transferring to Olympique Lyonnais in 2009.

Club career[link]

Bastos was born in the Brazilian city of Pelotas and began his career playing for hometown club Esporte Clube Pelotas. In 2001, he moved to the Netherlands joining Dutch club Feyenoord Rotterdam playing for the Jong Feyenoord, the club's reserve section. Following a loan stint at nearby Excelsior Rotterdam, he returned to Brazil joining Atlético Paranaense. Bastos later played for Grêmio and Figueirense (loan)^[1] before deciding to return to Europe.

Lille OSC[link]

Bastos joined French club Lille OSC in July 2006^[2] and made his league debut in the club's opening match of the 2006–07 season against Rennes playing 65 minutes before being substituted out. Lille won the match 2–1.^[3] Bastos scored his first goal for the club against Lens in the annual Derby du Nord and finished the season with a total of three goals. Over the next two seasons, his goal output quickly increased. He scored eight league goals during the 2007–08 season, including goals against Rennes, Lyon, and Lorient to help Lille finish in a respectable 7th place. During this season, Bastos began alternating between the left back and left winger position.

For the 2008–09 season, he was installed in the left winger role permanently. He scored his first goal in just the second match of the season in a 1–3 loss to Le Mans.^[4] Two weeks later, he scored in the club's 2–1 win over Bordeaux and, a week later, scored again, this time in a 1–1 draw with Sochaux.^[4][5] He also scored in a 2–2 draw against Lyon.^[6] With the match tied 1–1, Lille had a free kick from an odd angle from 30 meters out. Bastos took the free kick with his powerful left foot delivering it with such force, Lyon keeper Hugo Lloris could not stop it.^[7]

From 11 November 2008 onwards, Bastos scored in five straight matches. He scored goals against Marseille, Lorient, Toulouse, Nice, and Le Havre.^{[8][9][10][11][12]} Lille accumulated 2 wins and 3 draws in that span. Several weeks later, he began another streak scoring a goal in six straight matches. With Lille winning all of those matches, they moved into the European places in the standings and eventually finished 5th earning a UEFA Cup spot on the final day of the season. In total that season, Michel appeared in 41 matches and scored 16 goals, 14 in the league and also assisted on nine goals, which led Ligue 1.^[13] He was awarded the Trophée du Meilleur Passeur and became the only player in Ligue 1 history to appear in the top five of both the goalscorers' table and the assists' table since the creation of the assists' table for the 2007–08 season.^{[citation needed]} He was also nominated for the Ligue 1 Player of the Year Award and named to the league's Team of the Year.^[14][15]

Olympique Lyonnais[link]

On 15 July 2009, Lille president Michel Seydoux revealed that the club had accepted an €18 million offer from Olympique Lyonnais.^[16] On 16 July, Bastos successfully passed his medical and agreed to a four-year contract making him Lyon's second signing of the summer following Argentine Lisandro López.^[17] He was presented to the media, along with fellow new signing Aly Cissokho, on 20 July and was assigned the number 7 shirt.^[18] Michel scored his first goal for Lyon in the first leg of the club's playoff round match against Anderlecht in the UEFA Champions League. In the club's 5–1 victory, he scored the 3rd goal, coming in from the right side and unleashing a left-footed strike into the top left corner.^[19] On 21 February 2010, Bastos scored a 21 minute hat-trick against Sochaux. Lyon won the match 4-0. Bastos remains an integral part of Lyon's first team, featuring regularly in Champions League, Cup and Ligue 1 fixtures.

International career[link]

Prior to joining Lyon, Bastos had never been called up to the Seleção. Bastos cited his move to Lyon as an important factor in attempting to earn a spot on Brazil's 2010 FIFA World Cup team.^[20] On 27 October 2009, Bastos was selected, for the very first time, by the national team for friendly matches against England and Oman.^[21] He made his national team debut in the England match starting in the left back position. Bastos later started in the same position in Brazil's next two friendly matches against Oman and the Republic of Ireland in February 2010 and, on 11 May 2010, was subsequently named to the 23-man squad to participate in the 2010 FIFA World Cup.^[22][23] On 2 June, Bastos scored his first international goal in Brazil's 3–0 rout of Zimbabwe.

Career statistics[link]

(Correct as of 29 September 2010)