In music, a cadenza (from , meaning cadence) is, generically, an improvised or written-out ornamental passage played or sung by a soloist or soloists, usually in a "free" rhythmic style, and often allowing for virtuosic display.

The term ''cadenza'' often refers to a portion of a concerto in which the orchestra stops playing, leaving the soloist to play alone in free time (without a strict, regular pulse) and can be written or improvised, depending on what the composer specifies. This normally occurs near the end of the first movement, though it can be at any point in a concerto. An example is Tchaikovsky's First Piano Concerto, where in the first five minutes a cadenza is used. The cadenza is usually the most elaborate and virtuosic part that the solo instrument plays during the whole piece. At the end of the cadenza, the orchestra re-enters, and generally finishes off the movement on their own, or, less often, with the solo instrument.

The cadenza was originally, and remains, a vocal flourish improvised by a performer to elaborate a cadence in an aria. It was later used in instrumental music, and soon became a standard part of the concerto. Originally, it was improvised in this context as well, but during the 19th century, composers began to write cadenzas out in full. Third parties also wrote cadenzas for works in which it was intended by the composer to be improvised, so the soloist could have a well formed solo that they could practice in advance. Some of these have become so widely played and sung that they are effectively part of the standard repertoire, as is the case with Joseph Joachim's cadenza for Johannes Brahms' Violin Concerto, Beethoven's set of cadenzas for Mozart's Piano Concerto no. 20, and Estelle Liebling's edition of cadenzas for operas such as Donizetti's's ''La fille du Régiment'' and ''Lucia di Lammermoor''.

Nowadays, very few performers improvise their cadenzas, and very few composers have written concertos or vocal pieces within the last hundred years that include the possibility of an improvised cadenza.

Perhaps the most notable deviations from this tendency towards written (or absent) cadenzas are to be found in jazz, most often at the end of a ballad, though cadenzas in this genre are usually brief. Saxophonist John Coltrane, however, usually improvised an extended cadenza when performing "I Want To Talk About You", in which he showcased his predilections for scalar improvisation and multiphonics. The recorded examples of "I Want To Talk About You" (''Live at Birdland'' and ''Afro-Blue Impressions'') are approximately 8 minutes in length, with Coltrane's unaccompanied cadenza taking up approximately 3 minutes. More sardonically, Jazz critic Martin Williams once described Coltrane's improvisations on "Africa/Brass" as "essentially extended cadenzas to pieces that never get played." Equally noteworthy is saxophonist Sonny Rollins' shorter improvised cadenza at the close of "Three Little Words" (''Sonny Rollins on Impulse!'').

Cadenzas are also found in instrumental solos with piano or other accompaniment, where they are placed near the beginning or near the end or sometimes in both places (e.g. "The Maid of the Mist," cornet solo by Herbert L. Clarke, or a more modern example: the end of "Think of Me", where Christine Daaé sings a short but involved cadenza, in Andrew Lloyd Webber's ''The Phantom of the Opera'').

Notable examples of cadenzas

Concertos are not the only pieces that feature cadenzas; ''Scena di Canta Gitano'', the fourth movement of Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov's ''Capriccio Espagnol'', contains cadenzas for horns and trumpets, violin, flute, clarinet, and harp in its beginning section.

The end of the first movement of Bach's fifth Brandenburg Concerto features a harpsichord solo.

The coloratura arias of Bel Canto composers Gaetano Donizetti, Vincenzo Bellini, and Giacchino Rossini.

The first movement of Grieg's Piano Concerto in A minor has a long and impassioned cadenza which ends with the orchestra and piano playing together in a dramatic and rousing finale.

Mozart wrote a cadenza into the third and final movement of his Piano Sonata in B-flat major, K. 333, which was an unusual (but not unique) choice at that time because the movement is otherwise in Sonata-Rondo form.

Beethoven's "Emperor" Concerto begins with a cadenza that is partly accompanied by the orchestra. Later in the first movement, the composer specifies that the soloist should play the music that is written out in the score, and not add a cadenza on his own.

Beethoven famously included a cadenza-like solo for oboe in the recapitulation section of the first movement of his Symphony No. 5.

Rachmaninoff's Piano Concerto No. 3, in which the first movement features a long and incredibly difficult toccata-like cadenza with an alternative or ossia cadenza written in a heavier chordal style.

Fritz Kreisler's cadenzas for the first and third movements of Beethoven's Violin Concerto.

Carl Baermann's cadenza for the second movement of Mozart's Clarinet Concerto.

Aaron Copland uses a cadenza in his Clarinet Concerto to connect the two movements.

Karol Szymanowski's two violin concertos both feature cadenzas written by the violinist who was intended to play them, Pawel Kochański

In the third movement of Elgar's Violin Concerto, there is an unexpected cadenza in which the orchestra supports the solo with a pizzicato tremolando effect. ("cadenza accompagnato")

The first movement of Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto No. 1 features a short cadenza at the end of first movement.

Composed cadenzas

Composers who have written cadenzas for other performers in works not their own include:

Ludwig van Beethoven wrote cadenzas for the first and third movements of Mozart's Piano Concerto No. 20 in D minor.

Benjamin Britten wrote a cadenza for Haydn's Cello Concerto No. 1 in C for Mstislav Rostropovich.

David Johnston wrote ''A Manual of Cadenzas and Cadences for Cello'', pub. Creighton's Collection (2007)

Wilhelm Kempff wrote cadenzas for Beethoven's first four piano concertos.

Karlheinz Stockhausen composed cadenzas for various Mozart concerti for wind instruments, for his children.

Friedrich Wührer composed and published cadenzas for Mozart's piano concerti in C Major, K. 467; C Minor, K. 491; and D Major, K. 537 .

References and further reading

Badura-Skoda, Eva, et al. "Cadenza". ''Grove Music Online'' ed. L. Macy (subscription required). Accessed 2007-04-06.

Randel, Don (1986). ''The New Harvard Dictionary of Music''. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-61525-5

Category:Cadences Category:Formal sections in music analysis Category:Opera terminology Category:Italian loanwords Category:Improvisation Category:Music performance

de:Kadenz (Solokonzert) el:Kαντέντσα es:Cadenza eo:Kadenco eo:Kadenco (konĉerto) fr:Cadence (musique) it:Cadenza he:קדנצה (סולו) hu:Kadencia nl:Cadens ja:カデンツァ pl:Kadencja (muzyka)

Coordinates	30°19′10″N81°39′36″N
name	Dutch Uncles
background	group_or_band
origin	Manchester, England
genre	Indie popMath popNew progArt rock
years active	2008–present
label	Tapete Records (GER)Love and Disaster (UK)Memphis Industries
current members	Duncan WallisAndrew ProudfootRobin RichardsDaniel "Sped" SpeddingPeter Broadhead.
past members	}}

Dutch Uncles are an indie band from Manchester. They are known for their use of atypical time signatures within a pop context. Their influences includes several bands such as The Smiths, King Crimson, Steve Reich, XTC and Talking Heads.Recently Played on BBC over the Match Of The Day Advertisement.

Biography

Originally from Marple, the band started playing together in college. The band became Dutch Uncles in April 2008. In early 2009, the band released an album in Germany with Tapete Records, a German label, recorded at Clouds Hill Studios in Hamburg.

The band returned in 2010 with their UK debut single "The Ink", released through the independent record label Love & Disaster on the 31 May 2010. Soon after, the band signed to London label Memphis Industries and released the single "Fragrant" on 1 November 2010. The bands UK debut album entitled 'Cadenza' was released on April 25, 2011. Album artwork and design created by DR.ME a Manchester based creative studio.

Discography

Albums

''Dutch Uncles'' (Tapete Records) - February 2009

''Cadenza'' (Memphis Industries) - 25 April 2011 (UK chart peak: #174)

Singles

'Face In' (Tapete Records) - December 2008

'Steadycam' (Tapete Records) - March 2009

'OCDUC' (Love & Disaster) - ''Love & Disaster vol.1'' (compilation album) - January 2010

'The Ink' (Love & Disaster) - May 2010

'Fragrant' (Memphis Industries) - November 2010

'Face In' (Download only) (Memphis Industries) - February 2011

'Cadenza' (Memphis Industries) - 2 May 2011

'X-O' (Memphis Industries) - 4 July 2011

'The Ink' (Memphis Industries) - September 2011

References

External links

Official website

Category:English pop music groups Category:British indie rock groups

da:Dutch Uncles

Han-Na Chang (Korean: 장한나) (born December 23, 1982) is a South Korean cellist and conductor.

Biography

Childhood

She was born in Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea to Korean parents. Chang began studying piano at age 3, and began her study in cello three years later at age 6. In 1993, her family moved to United States, where she was enrolled in the pre-college division of the Juilliard School. Also from 1993, she attended Mischa Maisky's masterclasses in Siena, Italy, and continued to study with him privately. In 1994, at only 11 years old she competed in the Fifth Rostropovich International Cello Competition, winning first against many musicians some being even double her age. At this competition she was awarded with both the First Prize as well as the Contemporary Music Prize. In an interview Chang confessed that she had no expectation to win, but entered the competition for the chance to be able to play in front of the great cellist Mstislav Rostropovich. Another early mentor was Giuseppe Sinopoli, who is said to have influenced her decision to study philosophy at Harvard.

Career

Winning the Rostropovich International Cello Competition opened the doors for Chang to study privately under Rostropovich himself. In 1995 she made her debut recording (Tchaikovsky's ''Variations on a Rococo Theme'' and Saint-Saëns' Cello Concerto No. 1) with Rostropovich himself conducting Chang and the London Symphony Orchestra.

Chang has had the opportunity to appear in various televised concerts including the 1998 Easter Day concert from Munich with the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra and the Kennedy Center's anniversary gala. In 1997 she also appeared in the "Victoire de la Musique" awards, which were televised throughout places in Europe. She has been profiled by "CBS Sunday Morning" and CNN.

Chang has debuted all around the world in great orchestras including Symphonieorchester des Bayerischen Rundfunks, Berliner Philharmoniker, the Boston Symphony, the Cleveland Orchestra, the Cincinnati Symphony, the Dresden Staatskapelle, the Israel Philharmonic, the London Symphony Orchestra, Orchestra del Maggio Musicale Fiorentino in Florence, the Minnesota Orchestra, the Montreal Symphony, the National Symphony Orchestra in Washington, D.C., the New York Philharmonic, the NHK Symphony Orchestra in Tokyo, the Orchestre de Paris, the Philadelphia Orchestra, the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra, the Orchestra dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia of Rome, the La Scala Orchestra of Milan and the San Francisco Symphony.

Conductors with whom she has worked with all over the world include names such as Herbert Blomstedt, Myung-Whun Chung, James DePreist, Charles Dutoit, Mariss Jansons, Jesús López-Cobos, Zubin Mehta, Lorin Maazel, Riccardo Muti, Seiji Ozawa, Mstislav Rostropovich, Giuseppe Sinopoli, Leonard Slatkin, Gustavo Dudamel, Antonio Pappano, Yuri Temirkanov, Sir Colin Davis, Christoph Eschenbach, Krzysztof Penderecki, Gustavo Dudamel, and Yannick Nezet-Seguin.

World-premiere performances

She gave world premier of Krzysztof Penderecki's Concerto Grosso for 3 solo cellos and orchestra, in June 2001 in Tokyo with the NHK Symphony Orchestra, with Boris Pergamenchkov, Truls Mork and Charles Dutoit.

She also gave world premier of Lorin Maazel's "Giving Tree" for cello, narrator and orchestra in April 1998 in Munich with the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra and Lorin Maazel.

She gave the Asian premier of Isang Yun's Cello Concerto in May 1999 in Seoul.

Personal

Abiding in wisdom granted to her from her parents, her great mentors and her managers, Chang kept to a somewhat normal lifestyle during her schooling years. Instead of trying to take on too many performances, Chang spent time with friends participating in activities, such as watching movies and playing basketball. In an interview, she said that she loved playing basketball, but after hurting her finger a week before a concert she "sort of had to give up on ambitions to be a basketball player." Chang enrolled at Harvard University in 2001 to study philosophy. Even in interviews she gives nowadays, she says that she continues to keep the number of performances she gives per season under control, preferring to have time for further study, reflection, and musical growth.

Outreach

Chang has been active in her native country South Korea in introducing classical music to children and adults alike. She has produced 10 short TV programs with MBC TV for children, each introducing such diverse music as the ''Swan'', the Rococo Variations, and the Shostakovich, Prokofiev, and Chopin cello sonatas, as well as Rimsky-Korsakov's Flight of the Bumblebee, and the Ritual Fire Dance by Manuel de Falla.

Awards

Han-Na Chang received awards including:

Both the First Prize and Contemporary Music Prize at the Fifth Rostropovich International Cello Competition (1994)

Young Artist of the Year prize at the ECHO Classical Music Awards in Germany (1997)

Best Concerto Album of the Year from Caecilia Award (Holland) (2003)

Best Concerto Album of the Year from Cannes Classical Award (France) (2003)

Best Concerto Album of the Year from ECHO Classical Award (Germany) (2003)

Best Concerto Album of the Year from Gramophone magazine (UK) (2003)

Named Classical Super-star of Tomorrow by the Gramophone Magazine (UK) (2006)

Albums

Vivaldi Cello Concertos (2008)

Romance - Lalo Cello Concerto & other pieces (2007)

Shostakovich Cello Concerto No. 1/ Cello Sonata (2006)

Prokofiev Sinfonia Concertante/ Cello Sonata (2003)

The Swan (2001)

Haydn Cello Concerto C major and D major (1998)

Tchaikovsky Rococo Variations/Saint-Saëns Cello Concerto No. 1 (1996)

Conducting

In 2007, Chang made her conducting debut in Korea. In interviews, she said her wish to introduce the great classical masterpieces to a wider audience and especially to children and teens, encouraged her to take up conducting. This resulted in the "Beethoven Project" produced with the MBC TV, which introduced Beethoven Symphonies Nos 1, 3, 4, 5, and 7, each in one-hour long episodes covering the whole symphony with Chang's commentary and rehearsal footages.

Han-Na Chang conducted the Castleton Festival Orchestra in Benjamin Britten's ''Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra''when she participated at Lorin Maazel's Conducting Masterclass along with other young conductors.

In July 2010, she conducted Manuel de Falla’s ''Master Pedro’s Puppet Show'' and Beethoven's Symphony No. 3, ''Eroica'' in Castleton Festival.

Chang has launched "Absolute Classic" at Sungnam Arts Center in Korea by conducting Tchaikovsky Symphonies in 2009. Chang had sessions of introducing Tchaikovsky's symphonies and of having conversation with audiences to let them be more familiar with the music.

The second Absolute Classic Festival was held in August 2010, with close to 200 applicants auditioning for the Festival Orchestra. 103 young musicians from Korea and other Asian countries were selected, and worked intensely for three weeks with Chang.

In December 2010 and January 2011, Han-Na Chang worked with the Bavarian State Youth Orchestra for two weeks and conducted them at five concerts in Germany, including concerts in Munich and Nuremberg and a recording of the Bayerischer Rundfunk. They performed Tchaikovsky's ''Francesca da Rimini'' and Shostakovich's Shostakovich Symphony No. 5. Following their successful tour together, she was appointed the Artistic Director of Das Bayerische Landesjugendorchester, the first in its 30-year history.

Chang has recorded Britten's ''The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra'' and Tchaikovsky's Symphony No. 4 with the Bamberger Symphony in Bamberg, Germany in June 2011, which will be broadcasted through the Bavarian Radio Broadcasting network.

Notes and references

Sources

Horsely, Paul (2009) Programme Notes: ''The Giving Tree'' for Orchestra, Cello Obligato and Narrator, Op. 15. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts

Nordlinger, Jay (September 2001). "Kidsplay". ''The New Criterion'', Vol. 20.

Pasles, Chris (April 22, 2005). "Cellist dazzles in Disney Hall debut". ''Los Angeles Times''

Yoshihara, Mari (2007). ''Musicians from a different shore: Asians and Asian Americans in classical music''. Temple University Press. ISBN 1592133320

External links

Han-Na Chang at EMI Classics

Han-Na Chang Conductor at Harrison Parrott

Han-Na Chang Cellist at Harrison Parrott

http://www.cello.org/cnc/chang.htm

http://music.barnesandnoble.com/features/interview.asp?z=y&NID;=377482

Category:South Korean classical cellists Category:South Korean conductors (music) Category:Harvard University alumni Category:People from Suwon Category:1982 births Category:Living people

de:Chang Han-na ko:장한나 ru:Чан Хан На

Coordinates	30°19′10″N81°39′36″N
name	Valentina Lisitsa
background	non_vocal_instrumentalist
birth name	Valentina Lisitsa
born	1973
origin	Kiev, Ukraine, USSR
instrument	Piano
genre	Classical
occupation	Classical Pianist
website	Official Website }}

Valentina Lisitsa ( ) is a Ukrainian-born classical pianist. Lisitsa resides in North Carolina in the USA. Her husband, Alexei Kuznetsoff, is also a pianist and her partner in a number of piano duets.

Biography

Lisitsa was born in Kiev, Ukraine, in 1973. She started playing the piano at the age of three, performing her first solo recital at the age of four. Despite her early disposition to music, her dream at that point was to become a professional chess player. Lisitsa attended the Lysenko music school for Gifted Children and, later, Kiev Conservatory, where she and her future husband, Alexei Kuznetsoff, studied under Dr. Ludmilla Tsvierko. It was when Lisitsa met Kuznetsoff that she began to take music more seriously. In 1991 they won the first prize in The Murray Dranoff Two Piano Competition. In the same year, they moved to the United States to further their careers as concert pianists. Their New York debut was at the Mostly Mozart Festival at Lincoln Center in 1995.

Lisitsa has performed in various venues around the world, including Carnegie Hall, Avery Fisher Hall, and the Musikverein. Recently, she has been the pianist in recital engagements collaborating with violinist Hilary Hahn. Her recording of the 4 sonatas for violin and piano by composer Charles Ives, made with Hahn, was released in October, 2011. Many of Lisitsa's performances, including Frédéric Chopin's Op. 10 and Op. 25 Etudes and Beethoven's ''Appassionata Sonata'', can be viewed on YouTube.

Lisitsa has recorded 6 CDs for Audiofon Records, including two solo CDs, the other two being duets with Alexei Kuznetsoff, a Gold CD for CiscoMusic label with cellist DeRosa, a duet recital on VAI label with violinist Ida Haendel, DVDs of Frédéric Chopin's 24 Etudes, Schubert-Liszt Schwanengesang, and her most recent DVD titled ''Black and Pink''.

Lisitsa was featured on the HORSE the band song "Rape Escape" from their 2009 album ''Desperate Living''.

References

External links

Valentina Lisitsa's website

Valentina Lisitsa's videos on YouTube

Review of Valentina Lisitsa's September 30, 2010 recital at George Fox University

Category:1973 births Category:Living people Category:Ukrainian classical pianists Category:People from Kiev Category:American musicians of Ukrainian descent Category:Kiev Conservatory alumni

bn:ভালেন্তিনা লিসিৎসা bg:Валентина Лисица cs:Valentyna Lysyca de:Valentina Lisitsa es:Valentina Lisitsa fr:Valentina Lisitsa it:Valentina Lisitsa he:ולנטינה ליסיצה nl:Valentina Lisitsa ja:ヴァレンティーナ・リシッツァ pl:Valentina Lisitsa pt:Valentina Lisitsa ru:Лисица, Валентина fi:Valentina Lisitsa sv:Valentina Lisitsa

Maurice André (born May 21, 1933) is a French trumpeter, active in the classical music field.

Biography

He is a classical virtuoso trumpeter, born in Alès, France in the Cévennes into a mining family. His father was an amateur musician.

He studied trumpet with a friend of his father's, who suggested that he be sent to the conservatory. In order to gain free admission to the conservatory, he joined a military band. After only six months at the conservatory, he won his first prize.

At the conservatory, Maurice's professor beat him out of frustration and told him to return when he could excel in his playing. A few weeks later, he returned to play all fourteen etudes found in the back of the Arban's book without a single mistake.

André won the Geneva International Music Competition in 1955 and the ARD International Music Competition in Munich in 1963. He was made an honorary member of the Delta chapter of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia at Ithaca College in New York in 1970.

He rose to international prominence in the 1960s and 1970s with a large series of recordings of Baroque works on piccolo trumpet for Erato and other labels. Not content to limit himself to the standard Baroque trumpet repertoire, he also performed many transcriptions of works for oboe, flute, and even voice and string instruments. These recordings were (and remain) very popular, and were a strong component of the rebirth of interest in Baroque music in the 1960s. Fellow trumpeters and music lovers the world over have praised André for his clear, bright, ringing tone on the piccolo trumpet.

His flawless and graceful performances have inspired many brass musicians, young and old. (Wynton Marsalis, for example, was strongly influenced by André's style and tone in his own recordings of Baroque trumpet pieces.) He has over 300 audio recordings to his name, from the mid 1950s to the present.

He has two children: Nicolas, who plays trumpet; and Béatrice, who plays oboe. Both perform with their father in concert.

One of André's students, Guy Touvron wrote a biography on him entitled ''Maurice André: Une trompette pour la renommée'' (Maurice André: A Trumpet for Fame), which was published in 2003.

References

External links

Maurice André website, part of the French Ministry of Culture's portal (French/English)

Webpage with rich information about Maurice André

A French documentary about Maurice André by Alain Duault. 2009

Category:1933 births Category:Living people Category:French classical musicians Category:French trumpeters Category:Trumpeters Category:Cornetists Category:Alumni of the Conservatoire de Paris Category:Honorary Members of the Royal Academy of Music

ca:Maurice André cs:Maurice André de:Maurice André es:Maurice André fr:Maurice André it:Maurice André he:מוריס אנדרה nl:Maurice André ja:モーリス・アンドレ no:Maurice André oc:Maurici André pl:Maurice André ru:Андре, Морис fi:Maurice André sv:Maurice André