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Arcata, California
Arcata is a city adjacent to the Arcata Bay (northern) portion of Humboldt Bay in Humboldt County, California, United States. In 2006 Arcata's population was estimated to be 17,294. This college town, located north of San Francisco (via Highway 101), is home to Humboldt State University.
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La Union
La Union is a province of the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region in Luzon. Its capital is San Fernando City and borders Ilocos Sur to the north, Benguet to the east, and Pangasinan to the south. To the west of La Union is the South China Sea.
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Soviet Union
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Union Island
Union Island is part of the nation of St. Vincent and the Grenadines. It the southernmost island of the Grenadines. It lies 90 kilometers southwest of Barbados and is within view of the islands of Carriacou and the mainland of Grenada, which lie directly south.
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Union University
Union University is a private, evangelical Christian, liberal arts university located in Jackson, Tennessee, with additional campuses in Germantown, Tennessee, and Hendersonville, Tennessee. The university is affiliated with the Tennessee Baptist Convention and relates to the Southern Baptist Convention.
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Union, Alabama
Union is a town in Greene County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 227. It is part of the Tuscaloosa, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area.
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Union, Connecticut
Union is a town in Tolland County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 693 at the 2000 census, making it the least populous town in Connecticut and the second-least populous municipality in Connecticut; only the Borough of Fenwick has fewer people. Union includes the village of Mashapaug located in the Metacomet Ridge at the Massachusetts state line.
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Union, Iowa
Union is a city in Hardin County, Iowa, United States. The population was 427 at the 2000 census.
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Union, Kentucky
Union is a city in Boone County, Kentucky, United States. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 2,893.
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Union, Maine
Union is a town in Knox County, Maine, United States. The population was 2,209 at the 2000 census. It is home to the Matthews Museum of Maine Heritage and annual Union Fair.
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Union, Mississippi
Union is a town in Neshoba and Newton Counties in the U.S. state of Mississippi. The population was 2,021 at the 2000 census.
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Union, Missouri
Union is a city in and the county seat of Franklin County, Missouri, United States. The population was 7,757 at the 2000 census. It is located on the Bourbeuse River. The city was founded in 1827 and is named after the ideal of political unity.
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Union, Nebraska
Union is a village in Cass County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 260 at the 2000 census.
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Union, New Hampshire
#REDIRECTWakefield, New Hampshire
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Union, New York
Union is a town in Broome County, New York. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 56,298. The name derives from the town having served as a rendezvous for the Sullivan Expedition.
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Union, Ohio
Union is a city in Montgomery and Miami Counties in the U.S. state of Ohio. The population was 5,574 at the 2000 census, and 5,920 at the 2005 census estimate. It is part of the Dayton Metropolitan Statistical Area.
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Union, Oregon
Union is a city in Union County, Oregon, United States. The population was 1,926 at the 2000 census.
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Union, Virginia
Union is an unincorporated community in Floyd County, Virginia, United States.
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Union, West Virginia
Union is a town in Monroe County, West Virginia, United States. The population was 548 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Monroe County. Union was so named because in frontier days, the site of the town was a rendezvous for troops during the Indian Wars. It was settled by James Alexander in 1774 and originally charted in 1799. Located east of Union is Rehoboth Church, the oldest Methodist church in West Virginia.
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United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
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Unión, Paraguay
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50 Cent
Curtis James Jackson III (born July 6, 1975), better known by his stage name 50 Cent, is an American rapper and actor. He rose to fame with the release of his albums Get Rich or Die Tryin' (2003) and The Massacre (2005). Get Rich or Die Tryin has been certified 8 times platinum by the RIAA and has sold over 15 million copies worldwide. His album The Massacre has been certified 5 times platinum by the RIAA and has sold 11 million copies worldwide.
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Adele (singer)
Adele Laurie Blue Adkins (born 5 May 1988), known professionally as Adele (), is an English singer songwriter. She was the first recipient of the BRIT Awards ''Critics' Choice'' and was named the number-one predicted breakthrough act of 2008 in an annual BBC poll of music critics, Sound of 2008. She is a multi-Grammy Awards nominee who has won two awards, Best New Artist and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance in 2009.
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Alanis Morissette
Alanis Nadine Morissette (born June 1, 1974) is a Canadian singer-songwriter, record producer and actor. She has won 16 Juno Awards and seven Grammy Awards.
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Alanis Morrissette
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Alicia Keys
Alicia Augello Cook (born January 25, 1981), better known by her stage name Alicia Keys, is an American recording artist, musician and actress. She was raised by a single mother in the Hell's Kitchen area of Manhattan in New York City. At age seven, Keys began to play classical music on the piano. She attended Professional Performing Arts School and graduated at 16 as valedictorian. She later attended Columbia University before dropping out to pursue her music career. Keys released her debut album with J Records, having had previous record deals first with Columbia and then Arista Records.
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Amy Poehler
Amy Meredith Poehler (born September 18, 1971) is an American actress and comedian. She was a cast member on the NBC television entertainment show Saturday Night Live from 2001 to 2008. In 2004, she starred in the film Mean Girls with Tina Fey, with whom she worked again in Baby Mama in 2008. She is currently the lead star of an NBC show titled Parks and Recreation and is currently doing voice-acting for the upcoming film Megamind. She has been nominated twice for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series for her performance on Saturday Night Live, and once for the Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series for her performance in Parks & Recreation.
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Amy Winehouse
Amy Jade Winehouse (born 14 September 1983) is an English singer-songwriter, known for her eclectic mix of various musical genres including R&B;, soul, jazz. Winehouse is best known for her powerful contralto vocals.
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Andy Grammer
http://wn.com/Andy_Grammer -
B.o.B.
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Barack Obama
Barack Hussein Obama II (; born August 4, 1961) is the 44th and current President of the United States. He is the first African American to hold the office. Obama previously served as a United States Senator from Illinois, from January 2005 until he resigned after his election to the presidency in November 2008.
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Beyoncé
http://wn.com/Beyoncé -
Bill Simmons
William J. "Bill" Simmons III (born September 25, 1969) is a sports columnist, author, and podcaster. He currently writes a column for Page 2 on ESPN.com and is a former writer for ESPN The Magazine. Nicknamed The Sports Guy, formerly The Boston Sports Guy, Simmons gained the attention of ESPN with his web site, BostonSportsGuy.com which earned him a job offer in 2001.
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Blake Shelton
Blake Tollison Shelton (born June 18, 1976, in Ada, Oklahoma) is an American country music artist. In 2001, he made his debut with the single "Austin". Released as the lead-off single from his self-titled debut album, "Austin" went on to spend five weeks at Number One on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts. This song was the first single from his gold-certified debut album, which also produced two more Top 20 hits. Although the album was released on Giant Records Nashville, Shelton was transferred to Warner Bros. Records Nashville after Giant closed in late 2001.
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Bob Lefsetz
Bob Lefsetz is an American music industry figure and author of the email newsletter and blog, the Lefsetz Letter. Based in Santa Monica, California, Lefsetz worked previously as an entertainment business attorney, majordomo of Sanctuary Music's American division and as a consultant to major record labels. Lefsetz deals with issues at the core of the music industry.
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Brad Paisley
Bradley Douglas Paisley (born October 28, 1972) is an American country music singer-songwriter and country guitarist. His style crosses between traditional country and Southern rock, and his songs are frequently laced with humor and pop culture references.
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Britney Spears
Britney Jean Spears (born December 2, 1981) is an American recording artist and entertainer. Born in McComb, Mississippi and raised in Kentwood, Louisiana, Spears began performing as a child, landing acting roles in stage productions and television shows. She signed with Jive Records in 1997 and released her debut album in 1999. During her first decade within the music industry, she became a prominent figure in mainstream popular music and popular culture, followed by a much-publicized personal life. Her first two albums established her as a pop icon and broke sales records, while title tracks "...Baby One More Time" and "Oops!... I Did It Again" became international number-one hits. Spears was credited with influencing the revival of teen pop during the late 1990s.
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Bruce Springsteen
Bruce Frederick Joseph Springsteen (born September 23, 1949), nicknamed "The Boss", is an American singer-songwriter who records and tours with the E Street Band. Springsteen is widely known for his brand of Heartland rock infused with pop hooks, poetic lyrics, and Americana sentiments centered on his native New Jersey.
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Butch Walker
Butch Walker (born Bradley Glenn Walker on November 14, 1969) is a current American recording artist, songwriter, and record producer who was also the lead guitarist for the metal band SouthGang from the late 80s to early 90s as well as the lead vocalist and guitarist for alternative rock band Marvelous 3 from 1997 until 2001.
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Carole King
Carole King (born February 9, 1942) is an American singer, songwriter, and pianist. King and her former husband Gerry Goffin wrote more than two-dozen hits during the 1960s, many of which have become standards. As a singer, King's album Tapestry topped the U.S. album chart for 15 weeks, in 1971, and remained on the charts for more than six years.
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Caroline Kennedy
Caroline Bouvier Kennedy (born November 27, 1957) is an American author and attorney. She is a member of the influential Kennedy family and the only surviving child of U.S. President John F. Kennedy and First Lady Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy.
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Carolyn Dawn Johnson
Carolyn Dawn Johnson (born April 30, 1971 in Grande Prairie, Alberta, Canada) is a Canadian Juno Award winning country music singer-songwriter. Johnson's first rose to fame by co-writing Chely Wright's 1999 Number One single, "Single White Female", which reached number one on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in September 1999. In 2000, Johnson signed with Arista Nashville and, in 2001, released her debut album, Room with a View.
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Carrie Underwood
Carrie Marie Underwood (born March 10, 1983) is an American country singer-songwriter and actress who rose to fame as the winner of the fourth season of American Idol.
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Charlie Daniels
Charles Edward "Charlie" Daniels (born on October 28, 1936, in Leland, North Carolina) is an American musician known for his contributions to country and southern rock music. He is known primarily for his number one country hit "The Devil Went Down to Georgia", and multiple other songs he has performed and written. Daniels has been active as a singer since the early 1950s. He was inducted into the Grand Ole Opry on January 24, 2008.
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Colbie Caillat
Colbie Marie Caillat () (born May 28, 1985) is an American pop singer-songwriter and guitarist from Malibu, California. She debuted in 2007 with Coco, which included hit singles "Bubbly", "Realize", and "The Little Things". In 2008, she recorded a duet with Jason Mraz, "Lucky", which won a Grammy. Caillat released her second album, Breakthrough, in August 2009.
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Diane Keaton
Diane Keaton (born Diane Hall; January 5, 1946) is an American film actress, director, producer, and writer. Keaton began her career on stage, and made her screen debut in 1970. Her first major film role was as Kay Adams-Corleone in The Godfather (1972), but the films that shaped her early career were those with director and co-star Woody Allen beginning with Play It Again, Sam in 1972. Her next two films with Allen, Sleeper (1973) and Love and Death (1975), established her as a comic actor. Her fourth, Annie Hall (1977), won her the Academy Award for Best Actress.
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Dolly Parton
Dolly Rebecca Parton (born January 19, 1946) is an American singer-songwriter, author, multi-instrumentalist, actress and philanthropist, best-known for her work in country music.
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Dr. Luke
Lukasz Gottwald (born September 26, 1973), better known as Dr. Luke, is an American songwriter, record producer, and remixer. Luke performed with the Saturday Night Live Band band for ten seasons until 2007. He has co-written and co-produced a string of commercially successful songs including Taio Cruz's "Dynamite", Kelly Clarkson's "Since U Been Gone", "Behind These Hazel Eyes", and "My Life Would Suck Without You" Pink's "Who Knew" and "U + Ur Hand", Avril Lavigne's "Girlfriend", Katy Perry's "I Kissed a Girl", "Hot n Cold", "California Gurls", and "Teenage Dream" Britney Spears' "Circus", Flo Rida's "Right Round", Miley Cyrus's "Party in the U.S.A.", and Ke$ha's "Tik Tok". He was named one of the top ten producers of the decade by Billboard in 2009 and the Songwriter of the Year at the 2010 ASCAP Pop Music Awards.
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E. Thomas Wood
E. Thomas Wood (born October 9, 1963) is an American journalist, historian and freelance writer. He currently works as a reporter for NashvillePost.com, a local business and political news website in Nashville, Tennessee.
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Ed Sheeran
http://wn.com/Ed_Sheeran -
Elizabeth Arden
http://wn.com/Elizabeth_Arden -
Elton John
Sir Elton Hercules John, CBE (born Reginald Kenneth Dwight; 25 March 1947) is an English singer-songwriter, composer and pianist. He has worked with his songwriting partner Bernie Taupin since 1967; they have collaborated on more than 30 albums to date.
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Eminem
Marshall Bruce Mathers III (born October 17, 1972), better known by his stage name Eminem, is an American rapper, record producer, and actor. Eminem quickly gained popularity in 1999 with his major-label debut album, The Slim Shady LP, which won a Grammy Award for Best Rap Album. The following album, The Marshall Mathers LP, became the fastest-selling solo album in United States history. It brought Eminem increased popularity, including his own record label, Shady Records, and brought his group project, D12, to mainstream recognition.
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Emmylou Harris
Emmylou Harris (born April 2, 1947 in Birmingham, Alabama) is an American singer-songwriter and musician. In addition to her work as a solo artist and bandleader, both as an interpreter of other composers' works and as a singer-songwriter, she is a sought-after backing vocalist and duet partner, working with numerous other artists including Linda Ronstadt, Elvis Costello and Dolly Parton.
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Ethel Kennedy
Ethel Skakel Kennedy (born April 11, 1928) is the widow of Robert F. Kennedy, who served as Attorney General of the United States and a United States Senator for the state of New York.
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Flo Rida
Tramar Dillard (born on September 17, 1979), better known by his stage name Flo Rida (), is an American rapper and singer. Later, he appeared in numerous popular rap mixtapes and studio albums, most notably in We the Best in 2006. Mail on Sunday was Flo Rida's solo debut album; its first single "Low", featuring T-Pain which was a #1 hit for ten weeks in United States in early 2008. Two other singles resulted from Mail on Sunday: "Elevator" and "In the Ayer". In 2009, his second album R.O.O.T.S. was released; its most successful single "Right Round" was at the top of the Hot 100 for six weeks.
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Fraser T. Smith
Fraser T. Smith (born 8 February 1971,Thorneycroft-Smith Taplow, Buckinghamshire, England) is an award winning English record producer, songwriter, mix engineer and guitarist.
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Garth Brooks
Troyal Garth Brooks (born February 7, 1962), best known as Garth Brooks, is an American country music artist who helped make country music a worldwide phenomenon.. His eponymous first album was released in 1989 and peaked at #2 in the US country album chart while climbing to #13 on the Billboard 200 pop album chart. Brooks' integration of rock elements into his recordings and live performances has earned him immense popularity. This progressive approach allowed him to dominate the country single and album charts while quickly crossing over into the mainstream pop arena, exposing country music to a larger audience.
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George H. W. Bush
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Greg Fidelman
Greg Fidelman (born September 4, 1977) is an American music engineer, producer and mix engineer. He engineered and mixed Metallica's album Death Magnetic along with Slipknot's album . He also did engineering for three of the songs played on Spider-Man 3.
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Hal David
Harold Lane "Hal" David (born May 25, 1921) is an American lyricist. He grew up in Brooklyn, New York. David is best known for his collaboration with composer Burt Bacharach.
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Jackson Pollock
Paul Jackson Pollock (January 28, 1912 – August 11, 1956) was an influential American painter and a major figure in the abstract expressionist movement. During his lifetime, Pollock enjoyed considerable fame and notoriety. He was regarded as a mostly reclusive artist. He had a volatile personality, sometimes struggling with alcoholism. In 1945, he married the artist Lee Krasner, who became an important influence on his career and on his legacy.
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Jake Gyllenhaal
Jacob Benjamin "Jake" Gyllenhaal ( "Jillen-hall"; born December 19, 1980) is an American actor. The son of director Stephen Gyllenhaal and screenwriter Naomi Foner, Gyllenhaal began acting at age ten. He has appeared in diverse roles since his first lead role in 1999's October Sky, followed by the 2001 indie cult hit Donnie Darko, in which he played a psychologically troubled teen and onscreen brother to his real-life sister, actress Maggie Gyllenhaal. In the 2004 blockbuster The Day After Tomorrow he portrayed a student caught in a cataclysmic global cooling event, alongside Dennis Quaid as his father. He then played against type as a frustrated Marine in Jarhead (2005). The same year, he won critical acclaim as Jack Twist in the film Brokeback Mountain opposite Heath Ledger.
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James Horner
James Roy Horner (born August 14, 1953) is an American composer, orchestrator and conductor of orchestral and film music. He is noted for the integration of choral and electronic elements in many of his film scores, and for frequent use of Celtic musical elements.
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James Taylor
James Vernon Taylor (born March 12, 1948) is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist born in Boston, Massachusetts, and raised in Carrboro, North Carolina. He owns a house in the Berkshire County town of Washington, Massachusetts. A five-time Grammy Award winner, Taylor was inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame in 2000.
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Janet Jackson
Janet Damita Jo Jackson (born May 16, 1966) is an American recording artist and actress. Born in Gary, Indiana, and raised in Encino, Los Angeles, she is the youngest child of the Jackson family of musicians. She first performed on stage with her family at the age of seven, and started her career as an actress with the variety television series The Jacksons in 1976. She went on to appear in other television shows throughout the 1970s and early 1980s, including Good Times and Fame.
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Jann Wenner
Jann Simon Wenner (born January 7, 1946) is the co-founder and publisher of the music and politics biweekly Rolling Stone, as well as the owner of ''Men's Journal and Us Weekly'' magazines.
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Jason Mraz
Jason Thomas Mraz (; born June 23, 1977) is an American singer-songwriter, born and raised in Mechanicsville, Virginia. Mraz's stylistic influences include reggae, pop, rock, folk, jazz, bossa nova and hip hop.
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Jeremy Gara
Jeremy Gara (born June 6, 1978) is a drummer from Ottawa, Canada. He currently plays with successful indie-rock band Arcade Fire, and is the principal member of Lessons. He has played in many other bands in the past, including "slow-core" band Kepler and math rock band Weights and Measures. He also had a part in the self-titled album Arizona Amp and Alternator. He is endorsed by Istanbul Agop & Alchemy cymbals and C&C; Custom Drum Company. He has also been involved in the bands Clark, Snailhouse (with fellow Arcade Fire member Sarah Neufeld) and The New International Standards (with Arcade Fire members Richard Reed Parry and Tim Kingsbury. He recently played percussion on Owen Pallett's Heartland album (Pallett being a former member and regular contributor to Arcade Fire).
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Jim Abbiss
Jim Abbiss is a British music producer, best known for his work on records including Arctic Monkeys' Mercury Music Prize winning debut album, ''Whatever People Say I Am, That's What I'm Not'', Ladytron's Witching Hour, Sneaker Pimps' debut Becoming X, Editors' debut The Back Room, Kasabian's self-titled debut album and Empire, Adele's Mercury Music Prize nominated debut album 19 and KT Tunstall's third album Tiger Suit. He has also worked with Stateless on their self-titled debut album Stateless. Other work includes both EPs and debut single by Bombay Bicycle Club, as well as on their debut album I Had the Blues But I Shook Them Loose.
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Joe Jonas
Joseph Adam "Joe" Jonas (born August 15, 1989) is an American singer, musician, actor and dancer. He shares the lead singer role with his younger brother Nick of the Jonas Brothers, a pop-rock band made up of him and his two brothers, Nick and Kevin. He currently stars as Joseph Lucas in the Disney Channel original series Jonas.
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John Mayer
John Clayton Mayer ( ; born October 16, 1977) is an American musician, singer-songwriter, recording artist, and music producer. Raised in Fairfield, Connecticut, he attended Berklee College of Music in Boston before moving to Atlanta, Georgia in 1997, where he refined his skills and gained a following. His first two studio albums, Room for Squares and Heavier Things, did well commercially, achieving multi-platinum status. In 2003, he won a Best Male Pop Vocal Performance Grammy Award for "Your Body Is a Wonderland".
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Johnny Rzeznik
http://wn.com/Johnny_Rzeznik -
Jon Foreman
Jonathan Mark Foreman (born October 22, 1976) is the lead singer, guitarist, main songwriter and co-founder of the alternative rock band Switchfoot. He started Switchfoot in 1996 with drummer Chad Butler and bassist Tim Foreman (Jonathan's brother).
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Joni Mitchell
Joni Mitchell, CC, (born Roberta Joan Anderson; November 7, 1943) is a Canadian musician, songwriter, and painter.
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Jordin Sparks
Jordin Brianna Sparks (born December 22, 1989) is an American pop/R&B; singer, songwriter, humanitarian, and actress from Glendale, Arizona who rose to fame as the winner of the sixth season of American Idol. Sparks won when she was 17 years old, making her the youngest winner. She followed her American Idol victory with the release of her self-titled debut album in 2007, which has gone platinum and has sold over 2 million copies worldwide. Sparks' second single, "No Air", which features Chris Brown, is the song with the most paid downloads by any American Idol contestant, selling about 4 million digital copies worldwide. Due to the success of her debut album and its four top 20 singles, she has won an American Music Award in 2008 and received her first Grammy nomination in 2009.
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Justin Bieber
Justin Drew Bieber (, ; born March 1, 1994) is a Canadian pop-R&B; singer. Bieber was discovered in 2008 by Scooter Braun, who happened across Bieber's videos on YouTube and later became his manager. Braun arranged for him to meet with Usher in Atlanta, Georgia, and Bieber was soon signed to Raymond Braun Media Group (RBMG), a joint venture between Braun and Usher, and then to a recording contract with Island Records offered by L.A. Reid.
http://wn.com/Justin_Bieber -
Justin Timberlake
Justin Randall Timberlake (born January 31, 1981) is an American pop musician and actor. He has won six Grammy Awards as well as two Emmy Awards. He achieved early fame when he appeared as a contestant on Star Search, and went on to star in the Disney Channel television series The New Mickey Mouse Club, where he met future bandmate JC Chasez. Timberlake became famous in the late 1990s as the lead singer of the boy band 'N Sync, whose launch was financed by Lou Pearlman.
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Kanye West
Kanye Omari West (; born June 8, 1977) is an American rapper, singer, and record producer. West first rose to fame as a producer for Roc-A-Fella Records, where he eventually achieved recognition for his work on Jay-Z's album The Blueprint, as well as hit singles for musical artists including Alicia Keys, Ludacris, and Janet Jackson. His style of production originally used pitched-up vocal samples from soul songs incorporated with his own drums and instruments. However, subsequent productions saw him broadening his musical palette and expressing influences encompassing '70s R&B;, baroque pop, trip hop, arena rock, folk, alternative, electronica, synth-pop, and classical music.
http://wn.com/Kanye_West -
Katy Perry
http://wn.com/Katy_Perry -
Keith Urban
Keith Lionel Urban (born October 26, 1967) is a New Zealand born, Australian raised American country music singer, songwriter and guitarist whose commercial success has been mainly in the United States and Australia. Urban was born in New Zealand and began his career in Brisbane having moved to Caboolture, Australia at an early age. In 1991, he released a self-titled debut album, and charted four singles in Australia before moving to the United States in 1992. Eventually, Urban found work as a session guitarist before starting a band known as The Ranch, which recorded one studio album on Capitol Records and charted two singles on the Billboard country charts.
http://wn.com/Keith_Urban -
Kelly Pickler
http://wn.com/Kelly_Pickler -
Kennedy family
:For other uses, see Kennedy
http://wn.com/Kennedy_family -
Kenny Chesney
Kenneth Arnold (Kenny) Chesney (born March 26, 1968) is an American country music singer and songwriter. Chesney has recorded 16 albums, 14 of which have been certified gold or higher by the RIAA. He has also produced more than 30 Top Ten singles on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs charts, 17 of which climbed to the top of the charts.
http://wn.com/Kenny_Chesney -
Kristen Wiig
Kristen Carroll Wiig (; born August 22, 1973) is an American film and television actress who currently appears as a cast member on Saturday Night Live.
http://wn.com/Kristen_Wiig -
Lady GaGa
http://wn.com/Lady_GaGa -
Lady Gaga
Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta (born March 28, 1986), better known by the stage name Lady Gaga, is an American recording artist. She began performing in the rock music scene of New York City's Lower East Side in 2003 and enrolled at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts. She soon signed with Streamline Records, an imprint of Interscope Records. During her early time at Interscope, she worked as a songwriter for fellow label artists and captured the attention of Akon, who recognized her vocal abilities, and signed her to his own label, Kon Live Distribution.
http://wn.com/Lady_Gaga -
LeAnn Rimes
LeAnn Rimes (born August 28, 1982) is an American singer-songwriter and actress, best known for her work in country music. She is best known for her rich vocals similar to country music singer Patsy Cline,
http://wn.com/LeAnn_Rimes -
Liz Rose
Liz Rose (born in Dallas, Texas) is an American country music songwriter best known for her work with Taylor Swift. She has co-written several of Swift's songs and singles, including "White Horse," "Teardrops on My Guitar" and "You Belong with Me," both of which won her and Swift a Grammy Award in 2010.
http://wn.com/Liz_Rose -
Lori McKenna
Lori McKenna (born in Massachusetts December, 1968 as Lorraine Giroux) is an American folk singer/songwriter. She lives in Stoughton, Massachusetts with her husband and five children.
http://wn.com/Lori_McKenna -
Mac McAnally
Lyman Corbitt "Mac" McAnally, Jr. (; born July 15, 1957, in Red Bay, Alabama) is an American country music singer-songwriter, session musician and record producer. In his career, he has recorded ten studio albums and eight singles. Two of his singles were hits on the Billboard Hot 100, and six more on the Hot Country Songs charts. His ninth chart entry came in late 2008-early 2009 as a guest vocalist on Kenny Chesney's Number One cover of his 1990 single "Down the Road". He has also produced for Sawyer Brown and Restless Heart, written several singles for other artists, and is a member of Jimmy Buffett's backing band, The Coral Reefer Band.
http://wn.com/Mac_McAnally -
Mariah Carey
Mariah Carey (born March 27, 1970) is an American R&B; singer-songwriter, record producer and actress. She made her recording debut, in 1990, under the guidance of Columbia Records executive Tommy Mottola and became the first recording artist to have her first five singles top the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart. Following her marriage to Mottola, in 1993, a series of hit records established her position as Columbia's highest-selling act. In 1998, Carey received the World Music Awards for becoming the "World's Best Selling Recording Artist of the 1990's" as well as the award for "World's Best Selling R&B; Artist."
http://wn.com/Mariah_Carey -
Mark Rankin
Mark Rankin was lead vocalist with Scottish rock band Gun, who were most well known for their cover of "Word Up!", originally by Cameo. The single was taken from the album Swagger and was released in 1994. Others may recall the singles "Better Days", "Taking On The World" and "Steal Your Fire".
http://wn.com/Mark_Rankin -
Martina McBride
http://wn.com/Martina_McBride -
Melissa Etheridge
Melissa Lou Etheridge (born May 29, 1961) is an American rock singer-songwriter and musician. She has received fifteen Grammy Award nominations winning two , one Academy Award and has sold twenty-seven million albums worldwide and almost fourteen million in the United States alone.
http://wn.com/Melissa_Etheridge -
Michelle Branch
Michelle Jacquet DeSevren Branch Landau (born July 2, 1983) is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist. During the early 2000s, she released two top-selling albums, The Spirit Room and Hotel Paper, and was subsequently nominated for the Grammy Award for Best New Artist in 2003. In 2005, she formed the country music duo The Wreckers with friend and fellow musician Jessica Harp, and produced the Grammy-nominated single "Leave the Pieces." However, The Wreckers disbanded in 2007 to pursue their respective solo careers. Branch has been working on her first solo country album, entitled Different Kind of Country, which is expected for release in December 2010. Her most notable achievement is the Grammy-winning song "The Game of Love," in collaboration with Santana.
http://wn.com/Michelle_Branch -
Michelle Obama
Michelle LaVaughn Robinson Obama (born January 17, 1964) is the wife of the 44th and incumbent President of the United States, Barack Obama, and is the first African-American First Lady of the United States. Raised on the South Side of Chicago, Obama attended Princeton University and Harvard Law School before returning to Chicago and to work at the law firm Sidley Austin, where she met her future husband. Subsequently, she worked as part of the staff of Chicago mayor Richard M. Daley, and for the University of Chicago Medical Center.
http://wn.com/Michelle_Obama -
Miley Cyrus
Miley Ray Cyrus (born Destiny Hope Cyrus; November 23, 1992) is an American actress and pop singer. She achieved wide fame for her role as Miley Stewart/Hannah Montana on the Disney Channel sitcom Hannah Montana.
http://wn.com/Miley_Cyrus -
Mindy Smith
Mindy Smith (born June 1, 1972 on Long Island, New York) is an American singer-songwriter. Her music has a broad appeal and can be classified as all of the following: folk, country, americana, bluegrass, pop, rock, and even alternative. Her voice and music have been compared to that of Shawn Colvin, Patty Griffin, Norah Jones, and Alison Krauss.
http://wn.com/Mindy_Smith -
Miranda Lambert
Miranda Leigh Lambert (born November 10, 1983 in Longview, Texas) is an American country music artist who gained fame as a finalist on the 2003 season of Nashville Star, where she finished in third place and later signed to Epic Records. Lambert made her debut with the release of "Me and Charlie Talking", the first single from her 2005 debut album Kerosene. This album, which was certified Platinum in the United States, also produced the singles "Bring Me Down", "Kerosene", and "New Strings". All four singles were Top 40 hits on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts.
http://wn.com/Miranda_Lambert -
Neil Young
http://wn.com/Neil_Young -
Nicki Minaj
Onika Maraj (born December 8, 1984), better known by her stage name Nicki Minaj, is an American rapper and singer-songwriter. In August 2009, Minaj signed to Young Money Entertainment with distribution from Universal Motown.
http://wn.com/Nicki_Minaj -
Pat Benatar
Pat Benatar (born January 10, 1953) is an American singer. She had considerable commercial success particularly in the United States. Hit songs included "Love Is a Battlefield", "Hit Me with Your Best Shot", "We Belong" and "Heartbreaker". During the 1980s Benatar had two RIAA-certified Multi-Platinum albums, five RIAA-certified Platinum albums, three RIAA-certified Gold albums and 19 Top 40 singles. Benatar was one of the most heavily played artists in the early days of MTV.
http://wn.com/Pat_Benatar -
Patsy Cline
Patsy Cline (September 8, 1932 – March 5, 1963), born Virginia Patterson Hensley, was an American country music singer who enjoyed pop music crossover success during the era of the Nashville sound in the early 1960s. Since her death in 1963 at age 30 in a private airplane crash at the height of her career, she has been considered one of the most influential, successful, and acclaimed female vocalists of the 20th century.
http://wn.com/Patsy_Cline -
Patty Griffin
Patty Griffin, born Patricia Jean Griffin, March 16, 1964, is an American singer-songwriter and musician. She is especially known for her down-home crafting of songs and her connection to musicians including Emmylou Harris, Ellis Paul, and the Dixie Chicks, who have played with her onstage as well as performing cover songs of Griffin's work, exposing many of her compositions to mainstream pop and country music audiences outside Griffin's folk music circle of fans. She was also recipient of the Americana Music Association's highest honor as "Artist of the Year" in 2007, as well as taking home the award for best album for Children Running Through.
http://wn.com/Patty_Griffin -
Paul Epworth
Paul Epworth is an award winning British music producer, musician and songwriter.
http://wn.com/Paul_Epworth -
People (magazine)
People (originally called People Weekly) is a weekly American magazine of celebrity and human-interest stories, published by Time Inc. As of 2006, it has a circulation of 3.75 million and revenue expected to top $1.5 billion. It was named "Magazine of the Year" by Advertising Age in October 2005, for excellence in editorial, circulation and advertising. People ranked #6 on Advertising Age's annual "A-list" and #3 on ''Adweek's'' "Brand Blazers" list in October 2006.
http://wn.com/People_(magazine) -
Pink (singer)
Alecia Beth Moore (born September 8, 1979), better known by her stage name Pink (stylized as P!nk), is an American contralto singer-songwriter, musician, acrobat, dancer and actress, who rose to fame in early 2000. She released her first single "There You Go", on her first album, the R&B-oriented; ''Can't Take Me Home, in 2000 via LaFace Records, which garnered commercial success. Her more pop rock-oriented second studio album, Missundaztood'', which began a marked shift in the sound of her music, was released in 2001 and was a huge success worldwide, featuring the singles Get The Party Started, Don't Let Me Get Me, Just Like A Pill and Family Portrait. Pink released her third album, Try This, in November 2003, which although less successful commercially than her previous release, still managed to sell around 3 million copies and earned her a Grammy for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance for the single Trouble. Her fourth album, called ''I'm Not Dead, was released in April 2006. The album generated several hit singles, including "Stupid Girls", "U + Ur Hand" and "Who Knew". Both "U + Ur Hand" and "Who Knew" went to #1 on the pop chart. Her fifth album, Funhouse'', was released in late October 2008 and was preceded by her first solo number one on the Hot 100, "So What". The album notched three other Top 20 hits; "Sober", "Please Don't Leave Me" and "Glitter in the Air"
http://wn.com/Pink_(singer) -
Rachael Yamagata
Rachael Yamagata (born September 23, 1977) is an American singer-songwriter and pianist. Born in Arlington, Virginia, she is a Yonsei or fourth-generation Japanese American on her father's side and of Italian and German ancestry on her mother's side.
http://wn.com/Rachael_Yamagata -
Reba McEntire
Reba Nell McEntire (born March 28, 1955) is an American country music artist. She began her career in the music industry singing with her siblings on local radio shows and rodeos. As a solo act, she was invited to perform at a rodeo in Oklahoma City, which caught the attention of country artist Red Steagall. He brought her to Nashville, Tennessee, where she eventually signed a contract with Mercury Records in 1975. She released her first solo album in 1977 and released five additional studio albums under the label until 1983.
http://wn.com/Reba_McEntire -
Rick Rubin
Frederick Jay "Rick" Rubin (born March 10, 1963) is an American record producer and the co-president of Columbia Records.
http://wn.com/Rick_Rubin -
Robert Ellis Orrall
Robert Ellis Orrall (born May 4, 1955 in Winthrop, Massachusetts) is an American singer, songwriter, and record producer. Signed to RCA Records in 1980, Orrall debuted that year with the album "Fixation". His first Top 40 single was "I Couldn't Say No", a duet with Carlene Carter. By 1990, Orrall had found success as a songwriter, having penned Number One singles for Shenandoah and Clay Walker. He returned to RCA in 1991 and charted the singles "Boom! It Was Over" and "A Little Bit of Her Love", from his first country music album, Flying Colors. Orrall then joined frequent songwriting partner Curtis Wright in the CMA-nominated duo Orrall & Wright, recording one more album and charting two singles. They split up in 1994, however, and Orrall returned to his solo career, writing singles for Reba McEntire, Taylor Swift, and Lindsay Lohan, as well as producing records for Swift, be your own PET, and Love and Theft. He also performs and records as an indie rock musician in the band Monkey Bowl.
http://wn.com/Robert_Ellis_Orrall -
Rory Kennedy
Rory Elizabeth Katherine Kennedy (born December 12, 1968) is a documentary filmmaker and producer. She is the youngest of the eleven children of U.S. Senator Robert F. Kennedy. She is the posthumous daughter of Robert F. Kennedy: she was born six months after the murder of her father.
http://wn.com/Rory_Kennedy -
Ryan Tedder
http://wn.com/Ryan_Tedder -
Régine Chassagne
http://wn.com/Régine_Chassagne -
Sarah Neufeld
Sarah Neufeld (born August 27, 1979 on Vancouver Island, British Columbia) is a violinist and a member of the popular indie rock band Arcade Fire. She is also a member of the post rock band Bell Orchestre, alongside fellow Arcade Fire multi-instrumentalist Richard Reed Parry and past Arcade Fire member Pietro Amato. At age 18, she moved from East Vancouver to Montreal, Quebec, the hometown of both bands. She currently lives there between tours. In 2009 Neufeld joined The Luyas.
http://wn.com/Sarah_Neufeld -
Sasha Frere-Jones
Sasha Frere-Jones (born Alexander Roger Wallace Frere-Jones in 1967) is an American writer, music critic, and musician. He has written for Pretty Decorating, ego trip, Hit It And Quit It, Mean, Slant, The New York Post, The Wire, The Village Voice, Slate, Spin, and The New York Times. He has been on the staff of The New Yorker since 2004.
http://wn.com/Sasha_Frere-Jones -
Selena Gomez
Selena Marie Gomez (born July 22, 1992) is an American actress and singer-songwriter best known for her portrayal of Alex Russo on the Emmy Award winning Disney Channel Original Series Wizards of Waverly Place. She has starred in the television movies Another Cinderella Story and Princess Protection Program. In 2010, Gomez made her theatrical film debut as Beatrice "Beezus" Quimby in Ramona and Beezus.
http://wn.com/Selena_Gomez -
Shania Twain
Shania Twain, OC (; born Eilleen Regina Edwards; August 28, 1965) is a Canadian country pop singer and songwriter. She rose to fame in the mid 1990s with her album The Woman In Me (1995), and achieved worldwide success with her 1997 album Come On Over, which became the best-selling album of all time by a female musician, and the best selling country album of all time. The album Come on Over has sold over 39 million copies worldwide. Come on Over is also the 9th bestselling album in the U.S.
http://wn.com/Shania_Twain -
Shawn Colvin
Shawn Colvin (born January 10, 1956) is an American singer-songwriter and musician.
http://wn.com/Shawn_Colvin -
Sheryl Crow
Sheryl Suzanne Crow (born February 11, 1962) is an American singer-songwriter, musician, and actress. Her music incorporates elements of rock, folk, hip hop, country and pop. She has won nine Grammy Awards from the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences.
http://wn.com/Sheryl_Crow -
Snoop Dogg
http://wn.com/Snoop_Dogg -
Stevie Nicks
Stephanie Lynn "Stevie" Nicks (born May 26, 1948) is an American singer-songwriter, best known for her work with Fleetwood Mac and an extensive solo career, which collectively have produced over forty Top 50 hits and sold over 120 million albums. She has been noted for her ethereal visual style and symbolic lyrics.
http://wn.com/Stevie_Nicks -
T-Bone Burnett
Joseph Henry Burnett (born January 14, 1948), widely known as T-Bone Burnett, is an American musician, songwriter, and soundtrack and record producer.
http://wn.com/T-Bone_Burnett -
T.I.
Clifford Joseph Harris, Jr. (born September 25, 1980), better known by his stage name T.I. or T.I.P., is an American recording artist, film & music producer, and occasional actor. He is the founder and co-chief executive officer (CEO) of Grand Hustle Records.
http://wn.com/TI -
Tammy Wynette
Virginia Wynette Pugh, known professionally as Tammy Wynette (May 5, 1942 – April 6, 1998), was an American country music singer-songwriter and one of country music's best-known artists and biggest-selling female vocalists.
http://wn.com/Tammy_Wynette -
Taylor Lautner
Taylor Daniel Lautner (; born February 11, 1992) is an American actor. He is perhaps best known for his portrayal of Jacob Black in the Twilight film series, though he is also notable for roles in family films such as The Adventures of Sharkboy and Lavagirl in 3-D and Cheaper by the Dozen 2.
http://wn.com/Taylor_Lautner -
Taylor Swift
Taylor Alison Swift (born December 13, 1989) is an American country pop singer-songwriter and actress.
http://wn.com/Taylor_Swift -
The Warren Brothers
The Warren Brothers is an American country music duo composed of brothers Brett Warren (lead vocals, acoustic guitar, harmonica, mandolin, piano) and Brad Warren (background vocals, acoustic guitar, electric guitar). The duo has released three studio albums: Beautiful Day in the Cold Cruel World (1998) and King of Nothing (2000) on BNA Records, as well as Well Deserved Obscurity (2004) on Sig/429 and a 2005 compilation album, Barely Famous Hits. These four albums have produced nine charting singles on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts, with the highest being "Move On" at #17 in late 2000-early 2001. Brad and Brett have also co-written singles for Dierks Bentley, Faith Hill, Tim McGraw and Martina McBride.
http://wn.com/The_Warren_Brothers -
Tim Kingsbury
Tim Kingsbury is a Canadian musician and member of the indie rock band Arcade Fire. He plays bass guitar, guitar, and occasionally keyboards.
http://wn.com/Tim_Kingsbury -
Tim McGraw
Samuel Timothy "Tim" McGraw (born May 1, 1967) is an American country singer and actor. Many of McGraw's albums and singles have topped the country music charts, leading him to achieve total album sales in excess of 40 million units. He is married to country singer Faith Hill and is the son of former baseball player Tug McGraw. His trademark hit songs include "Indian Outlaw", "Don't Take the Girl", "I Like It, I Love It", "Something Like That", "It's Your Love" (featuring his wife, Faith Hill), and "Live Like You Were Dying".
http://wn.com/Tim_McGraw -
Time 100
'Time 100' is an annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world, as assembled by Time. First published in 1999 as a result of a debate among several academics, the list has become an annual event.
http://wn.com/Time_100 -
Tina Fey
Elizabeth Stamatina "Tina" Fey (; born May 18, 1970) is an American actress, comedian, writer and producer. She has received seven Emmy Awards, three Golden Globe Awards, four Screen Actors Guild Awards, and four Writers Guild of America Awards. She was singled out as the performer who had the greatest impact on culture and entertainment in 2008 by the Associated Press, who gave her their AP Entertainer of the Year award.
http://wn.com/Tina_Fey -
Tom Elmhirst
http://wn.com/Tom_Elmhirst -
Tom Petty
Thomas Earl "Tom" Petty (born October 20, 1950) is an American singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist. He is the frontman of Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers and was a founding member of the late 1980s supergroup Traveling Wilburys and Mudcrutch. He has also performed under the pseudonyms of Charlie T. Wilbury, Jr. and Muddy Wilbury.
http://wn.com/Tom_Petty -
Tori Amos
Tori Amos (born Myra Ellen Amos; August 22, 1963) is an American pianist and singer-songwriter. She was at the forefront of a number of female singer-songwriters in the early 1990s and was noteworthy early in her career as one of the few alternative rock performers to use a piano as her primary instrument. Some of her charting singles include "Crucify", "Silent All These Years", "God", "Cornflake Girl", "Caught a Lite Sneeze", "Professional Widow", "Spark", "1000 Oceans", and "A Sorta Fairytale", her most commercially successful single in the U.S. to date.
http://wn.com/Tori_Amos -
Troy Verges
http://wn.com/Troy_Verges -
Usher (entertainer)
Usher Raymond IV (born October 14, 1978; ), who performs under the mononym Usher, is an American recording artist and actor. He rose to fame in the late 1990s with the release of his sophmore album My Way, which spawned his first Billboard Hot 100 number-one hit, "Nice and Slow". It also spawned two more successful singles "You Make Me Wanna...", and "My Way". Both reached number-two on the Hot 100. His followup album 8701 (2001) produced the Billboard Hot 100 number-one hits "U Remind Me" and "U Got It Bad". As well "U Don't Have to Call" which reached number-three on the Hot 100. My Way has been certified six-times platinum by the RIAA and 8701 has been certified four-times platinum by the RIAA. Both albums sold over 8 million copies worldwide.
http://wn.com/Usher_(entertainer) -
Vince Gill
Vincent Grant "Vince" Gill (born April 12, 1957) is an American neotraditional country singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist. He has achieved commercial success and fame both as frontman to the country rock band Pure Prairie League in the 1970s, and as a solo artist beginning in 1983, where his talents as a vocalist and musician have placed him in high demand as a guest vocalist, and a duet partner. Gill has recorded more than twenty studio albums, charted over forty singles on the U.S. Billboard charts as Hot Country Songs, and has sold more than 22 million albums. He has been honored by the Country Music Association with 18 CMA Awards, including two Entertainer of the Year awards and five Male Vocalist Awards. Gill has also earned 20 Grammy Awards, more than any other male Country music artist. In 2007, Gill was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame.
http://wn.com/Vince_Gill -
Win Butler
http://wn.com/Win_Butler
karaoke
No lo, no lo, no lo dejes caer, no lo
No lo, no lo, no lo dejes caer, no lo.
que yo no puedo quedarme aqui parado
mirando todo, todo lo que esta pasando
descansando y esperando
siendo feliz por que ya soy un ciudadano
con una opinion, de television
y un dia de estos yo me pego en el millon.
No lo, no lo, no lo dejes caer, no lo
No lo, no lo, no lo dejes caer, no lo.
yo tengo un carro y tambien un buen trabajo, tengo
pero aun yo siento que hay aldo que no es cierto, cierto
son 15 hermanos encarcelados,
y en las calles todos siguen callados
y mucha gente, me dice vente
sere yo tonto no seguir con la corriente
Resiste, resiste, un poco, resiste, resiste, resiste
Resiste un poco mas
Con fuerza y con union, se oye mas lejos
con fuerza y con union, solo no puedo
No lo, no lo, no lo dejes caer, no lo
No lo, no lo, no lo dejes caer, no lo
Yo tengo un ritmo adentro que a mi me llama
tengo raices que a la tierra a mi me amarran
y una boricua, que tiene salsa
esa negrita el corazon a mi me alcanza
pa ti soy loco, me falta poco
no vengas con analisis yo entiendo mi propio coco
damn it's you again how am i supposedly supposed to interpret thhis wihtout feeling guilty a homes not comdemned until it's fallen or stolen by locks and keys it's 3 am i'm locked out left to freeze on steps just feet from light and heat we walk the same block fave offs both good and bad a time bomb strapped on your back you can't see straight it's 3 am and without damn it's you again i saw you and you saw me conscience i neglected to mention i'm hell bend on dissention i've fought for you
(One for all, one for all)
(It's all it's all for one)
Let's start a union, calling every human
It's one for all and all for one
Let's live in unison, calling every citizen
It's one for all and all for one
We don't want war- can't take no more
It's drastic time for sure
We need a antidant and a cure
Coz do you really think Mohammed got a problem with Jehovah
We don't want war – imagine if any prophet was alive
In current days amongst you and I
You think they'd view life like you and I do
Or would they sit and contemplate on why
Do we live this way, act and behave this way
We still live in primitive today
Coz the peace in the destination of war can't be the way
There's no way, so people just be 'em wanna be a man
Realise that you can't change the world by changing yourself
And understand that we're all just the same
So when I count to three let's change
Got no time for grand philosophy
I barely keep my head above the tide
I got this mortgage, got three kids at school
What you're saying is the truth, but really troubles me inside
I'd change the world if I could change my mind
If I could live beyond my fears
Exchanging unity for all my insecurity
Exchanging laughter for my tears
I don't know, y'all, we in a real deposition
In the midst of all this negative condition
Divided by beliefs, different sink and religion
Why do we keep missing the point in our mission?
Why do we keep killing each other, what's the reason?
God made us all equal in his vision
I wish that I could make music as a religion
Then we could harmonise together in this mission
Listen, I know it's really hard to make changes
But two of us could help rearrange this curse
Utilising all the power in our voices
Together we will unite and make the right choice
And fight for education, save the next generation
Come together as one
I don't understand why it's never been done
So let's change on the count of one
It takes one, just one
And then one follows the other one
And then another follows the other one
Next thing you know you got a billion
People doing some wonderful things
People doing some powerful things
Let's change and do some powerful things
When our fears have all ended the tears spent and done
When the skies she'd no more light
Comes the setting of the sun
Fly on, soar above it all
Fly far beyond the sun
In union we are brothers in union stand as one
In union as all of us in union we are one
Danger's rounding every corner
Fear splitting every son
When we face another adversary?
We will do what needs be done
Fly on, soar above it all
Fly far beyond the sun
In union we are brothers in union stand as one
In union as all of us in union we are one
In union we are brothers in union stand as one
In union as all of us in union we are one
Now together we forge a new world far better than before
No longer fall for anything
We will rise in strength once more
Fly on, soar above it all
Fly far beyond the sun
In union we are brothers in union stand as one
Tell me mirror mirror on the wall
Who's the sickest Sex Pistol of them all?
Is it Johnny Rotten?
I don't know, I'd really like to ask him
But he drives me up the wall.
Now take old Sidney Viscious
He's a clown
He'd turn his mother in for less than half a crown.
But I wish I had a union
I wish I had a union
Take my mate ol' Cookie
He's off his head
Just give him his daily reader and a pint of what you dread.
Now here comes Stevie Jonesie
He's a slag, he loves to get his knob sucked
Wrapped in a Union Jack.
But I wish I had a union
I wish I had a union
I wish I had a union
I wish I had a union
Never trust the hippy, they killed Bambie
We gave a little filth and fury
For all you mugs to see.
There's nothing like the real thing
So they say,
Just like that creepy cockroach will never go away.
But I wish I had a union
I wish I had a union
I wish I had a union
Hear/here the found out lying
Answers you're gonna have to go find
He was to blame for trying
Oh la
Here they found right by you
I know of the guide
And I know the girl who are about to die
You mean it as a chance to unite
You're taking a chance being here
Here's all the chances you wanted to feel
You never do go anywhere
You never now go anywhere
The second glances to see if you're here
(...universe to see?)
Staying in touch with what's real
Ideas you're gonna have to conceal
He was to blame for trying
RELEASE
ALBUMS
- Intro
- Mystery, Part 1
- Time Leak
- Coco Mango
- Light Odyssey
- Good Morning
- Song for Janasa
- Wings
- Fallin'
- Blue Wave
- Preset Mars
- October Rush
- Digital Delight
- Space B-Boy
- Sky Dust
- Baby Mama
- Mystery, Part 2
- Infernal Storm
- Eternal Hellbound
- Evil Curse
- Hellfire
- Purified by Hell
- Horn of Sacrifice
- Dark Legion
- Flames of Hate
- Old Man Wise
- Around Again
- Pain Behind Your Eyes
- Love (I Don't Need It Anymore)
- Heavy D...
- Let It Flow
- Empty Soul
- October Morning Wind
- Get Off My Cloud
- Tangerine
- Robin's Song
- Do Your Own Thing
- Dead
- Everything's Alright
- Shine
- Who Do You Think You Are
- Dear Friend
- Do You Know My Name
- Hypnotized
- I Wanna Be
- No More
- Old Man Wise
- Around Again
- Heavy D...
- Jungle
- Love (I Don't Need It Anymore)
- Man in the Moon
- I Walk Alone
- Surrender
- Pain Behind Your Eyes
- Power to the Music
- Tangerine
- October Morning Wind
- You've Got to Hide Your Love Away
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The Union: The Business Behind Getting High - Full Movie - High Quality
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 104:11
- Updated: 04 Nov 2012
The Union crew has decided to place a high quality version of The Union on-line for those who are unable to afford the film, as it is our belief that everyone should have the right to view it regardless of their financial situation. For those who would like to support the film, we have provided the link below to give the ability to do so. We would like to express a heartfelt thank you to everyone who has stood behind the movie and its message, whether through purchasing a copy, sharing with friends, creating blogs or just commenting on Youtube. We are truly indebted to you all! www.thewatchbox.com www.theunionmovie.com Become a Facebook fan www.facebook.com sincerely, The Union Crew
http://wn.com/The_Union_The_Business_Behind_Getting_High_Full_Movie_High_Quality
The Union - Marijuana Documentary
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 104:14
- Updated: 04 Nov 2012
The Union - Marijuana Documentary OLO Arcade: oloarcade.com
http://wn.com/The_Union_Marijuana_Documentary
Union J sing Love Story by Taylor Swift | X Factor UK Week 5 Live Performance
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:50
- Updated: 04 Nov 2012
Union J sing Love Story by Taylor Swift | X Factor UK Week 5 Live Performance Credit to X Factor
http://wn.com/Union_J_sing_Love_Story_by_Taylor_Swift_|_X_Factor_UK_Week_5_Live_Performance
State of the Union - Looking ahead to a new House and Senate
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:35
- Updated: 04 Nov 2012
How will the make-up of the House and Senate look after Election Day? Candy Crowley takes a look.
http://wn.com/State_of_the_Union_Looking_ahead_to_a_new_House_and_Senate
The Union: the business behind getting high
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:51
- Updated: 28 Oct 2012
Feature Documentary Movie Trailer www.theunionmovie.com
http://wn.com/The_Union_the_business_behind_getting_high
Union J sing Leona Lewis/James Morrison medley - Live Week 2 - TX13 The X Factor UK 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:15
- Updated: 05 Nov 2012
Visit the official site: itv.com Download this performance on iTunes: bit.ly Watch Union J sing a Leona Lewis/James Morrison mash-up Blimey, the set decorators must've been working overtime. Accompanied by what appears to be a forest, watch as the phwoarsome foursome put on the sort of mushy performance that'll leave you weak at the knees. Cripes! If you don't fancy these fellas, you must be outta your tree. SUBSCRIBE: bit.ly Facebook: bit.ly Twitter: bit.ly Buy Live Tour Tickets: bit.ly Watch full episodes on ITV Player (UK ONLY): bit.ly
http://wn.com/Union_J_sing_Leona_Lewis_James_Morrison_medley_Live_Week_2_TX13_The_X_Factor_UK_2012
Union J sing Queen's Don't Stop Me Now - Live Week 1 - The X Factor UK 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:22
- Updated: 05 Nov 2012
Visit the official site: itv.com Download this performance on iTunes: bit.ly Watch Union J sing Don't Stop Me Now by Queen Don't stop them now! Yup, it's the three hotties from Union J and they look like they're having such a good time. We especially like the bit where it all descends into a rave. Damn, where did we put those glow sticks and whistles? SUBSCRIBE: bit.ly Facebook: bit.ly Twitter: bit.ly Buy Live Tour Tickets: bit.ly Watch full episodes on ITV Player (UK ONLY): bit.ly
http://wn.com/Union_J_sing_Queen's_Don't_Stop_Me_Now_Live_Week_1_The_X_Factor_UK_2012
hombre lobo en paris - la union
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:57
- Updated: 05 Nov 2012
esta song is very old but diz song is awesome
http://wn.com/hombre_lobo_en_paris_la_union
Union J's performance - Carly Rae Jepsen's Call Me Maybe - The X Factor UK 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:08
- Updated: 05 Nov 2012
See more at itv.com/xfactor Download Union J's live performances on iTunes: bit.ly Visit the official site: itv.com Watch Union J sing Call Me Maybe by Carly Rae Jepsen Hold the front page! Union J have changed their line-up. Yup, the lush lads have been joined by gorgeous George Shelley. Watch the phwoarsome foursome's FIRST official TV performance and then try in vain to work out which fella you fancy the most. Impossible, we know... SUBSCRIBE: bit.ly Facebook: bit.ly Twitter: bit.ly Buy Live Tour Tickets: bit.ly Watch full episodes on ITV Player (UK ONLY): bit.ly
http://wn.com/Union_J's_performance_Carly_Rae_Jepsen's_Call_Me_Maybe_The_X_Factor_UK_2012
Fault Lines - The decline of labour unions in the US
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 24:01
- Updated: 20 Oct 2012
Labour unions are under fire across the US, but do they have enough vitality to fight back?
http://wn.com/Fault_Lines_The_decline_of_labour_unions_in_the_US
Union - "Time Leak feat. Talib Kweli and Sly Johnson" - OFFICIAL MUSIC VIDEO
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:48
- Updated: 03 Nov 2012
Order the triangle shaped, neon blue vinyl: www.fatbeats.com "Time Leak" features Talib Kweli on the verses and Sly Johnson's soulful belting on the hooks. The music video pays homage to The Matrix, Alien, the work of David Cronenberg, and any other spacey cult classic you can name drop. The visuals show Union 'controlling" a female body with their instrumentals, eventually bringing her to life and getting her to dance. This single is available on a very special 12" offering from Fat Beats Records newest and most mysterious signees, Union. It comes on a neon, triangle shaped vinyl in a thick clear plastc poly bag. The A side is main version, along with the banging, spacey instrumental that Union is known for. The B Side contains two remixes: Redefinition Records' Damu the Fudgemunk, and Project Mooncircle's fLako. Union consists of two Parisian producers whose otherworldly approach to analog-driven, melodically abstract, sample free hip-hop inspired Fat Beats Records to extend a label invitation immediately. When a mysterious, monolithic, glossy black package arrived at FBHQ with nothing more than a cryptic note and an unlabeled CD inside, the staff wasn't sure if Stanley Kubrick had risen from the dead to make mixtapes or if their lives were about to be transformed forever. Luckily it was the latter, and today the legendary label is poised to unleash Union's debut album Analogtronics on an unsuspecting Earth in the Dawn of 2012.
http://wn.com/Union_Time_Leak_feat_Talib_Kweli_and_Sly_Johnson_OFFICIAL_MUSIC_VIDEO
Gabrielle Union:"You have to be involved." - OFA Florida
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:57
- Updated: 04 Nov 2012
Volunteer in Florida: OFA.BO Gabrielle Union shares why young people should get involved to help re-elect President Obama for a second term.
http://wn.com/Gabrielle_UnionYou_have_to_be_involved_OFA_Florida
Nigel Farage on European Union's Nobel Peace Prize (12Oct12)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:12
- Updated: 04 Nov 2012
Discussing the insane decision by the Nobel Peace Prize committee to give a price for peace to the European Union, despite the EU oppression, removing democracy, ignoring rule of law, planing Brussels yes-men as "leaders" in national governments, riots in many countries due to EU economic policies. Recorded from BBC Daily Politics, 12 October 2012.
http://wn.com/Nigel_Farage_on_European_Union's_Nobel_Peace_Prize_12Oct12
Union J sing Kelly Rowland's When Love Takes Over - Live Week 3 - The X Factor UK 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:01
- Updated: 05 Nov 2012
Visit the official site: itv.com Download this performance on iTunes: bit.ly Swit-swoo! LOVE (and possibly lust) has taken over. One quick glance at the four fitties of Union J and we're putty in their paws. The singing ain't half bad either... SUBSCRIBE: bit.ly Facebook: bit.ly Twitter: bit.ly Buy Live Tour Tickets: bit.ly Watch full episodes on ITV Player (UK ONLY): bit.ly
http://wn.com/Union_J_sing_Kelly_Rowland's_When_Love_Takes_Over_Live_Week_3_The_X_Factor_UK_2012
Times Red and Union J's Reveal - Judges' Houses - The X Factor UK 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:04
- Updated: 04 Nov 2012
Visit the official site: itv.com Watch to find out if Union J and Times Red have made it to the Live Shows There's only one vacancy left and both Groups are desperate to fill it. One's a cute boy-band and the other's a hot man-band. Watch as Louis struggles to make his mind up in this heart-breaking clip. SUBSCRIBE: bit.ly Facebook: bit.ly Twitter: bit.ly Buy Live Tour Tickets: bit.ly Watch full episodes on ITV Player (UK ONLY): bit.ly
http://wn.com/Times_Red_and_Union_J's_Reveal_Judges'_Houses_The_X_Factor_UK_2012
Union J sing Beyonce's Sweet Dreams - Live Week 4 - The X Factor UK 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:58
- Updated: 05 Nov 2012
Visit the official site: itv.com Download this performance on iTunes: bit.ly Watch Union J sing Sweet Dreams by Beyonce Singing atop a car and looking FRIGHTENINGLY fit; we'll be thinking of Union J as we go to sleep tonight. Vroom! Vroom! Guys, you can rev our engines anytime. SUBSCRIBE: bit.ly Facebook: bit.ly Twitter: bit.ly Buy Live Tour Tickets: bit.ly Watch full episodes on ITV Player (UK ONLY): bit.ly
http://wn.com/Union_J_sing_Beyonce's_Sweet_Dreams_Live_Week_4_The_X_Factor_UK_2012
Union J Meet One Direction
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:42
- Updated: 05 Nov 2012
all rights belong to the x factor uk twitter.com Union J meet One Direction Union J meeting One Direction Union J One Direction
http://wn.com/Union_J_Meet_One_Direction
The Machine: The Truth Behind Teachers Unions
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:31
- Updated: 04 Nov 2012
America's public education system is failing. We're spending more money on education but not getting better results for our children. That's because the machine that runs the K-12 education system isn't designed to produce better schools. It's designed to produce more money for unions and more donations for politicians. For decades, teachers' unions have been among our nation's largest political donors. As Reason Foundation's Lisa Snell has noted, the National Education Association (NEA) alone spent $40 million on the 2010 election cycle (source: reason.org As the country's largest teachers union, the NEA is only one cog in the infernal machine that robs parents of their tax dollars and students of their futures. Students, teachers, parents, and hardworking Americans are all victims of this political machine--a system that takes money out of taxpayers' wallets and gives it to union bosses, who put it in the pockets of politicians. Our kids deserve better. "The Machine" is 4:17 minutes. Written and narrated by Evan Coyne Maloney. Produced by the Moving Picture Institute in partnership with Reason TV. Visit www.MovingPictureInstitute.org to learn more.
http://wn.com/The_Machine_The_Truth_Behind_Teachers_Unions
We Are The Union
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:28
- Updated: 23 Oct 2012
Brooklyn Cablevision workers saw through the corporate lies, organized to join CWA, and immortalized the experience in this amazing song. Credits: "We Are the Union" Jaywalk, Grim and Shatoya Thomas-Flemmings. Music produced b Chris Thompson. Video produced by Anna Mumford - www.annamumford.com. Special thanks to CWA Local 1109. www.thecablevision99.org
http://wn.com/We_Are_The_Union
HIGHLIGHTS: Philadelphia Union vs New York Red Bulls, MLS
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:11
- Updated: 05 Nov 2012
Thierry Henry and the New York Red Bulls look to strengthen their playoff bid with a win against rival Philadelphia Union at PPL Park. Subscribe to our channel for more soccer content: www.youtube.com - Follow us on Twitter: twitter.com - Like us on Facebook: www.facebook.com - Add us to your circle on Google Plus: plus.google.com About MLS: Headquartered in New York City, Major League Soccer is the top-flight professional soccer league in the United States and Canada. MLS features many stars from the US, Canada, and around the world. Major League Soccer's 17th season features 19 clubs each playing 34 regular-season matches. Those clubs are the Chicago Fire; Chivas USA; Colorado Rapids; Columbus Crew; DC United; FC Dallas; Houston Dynamo; 2011 MLS Cup champion LA Galaxy; New York Red Bulls; New England Revolution; Philadelphia Union; Portland Timbers; Real Salt Lake; San Jose Earthquakes; Seattle Sounders FC; Sporting Kansas City; Toronto FC; Vancouver Whitecaps FC; and, in their inaugural season, Montreal Impact. For more information about MLS, log on to the league's official website at www.MLSsoccer.com Tags Thierry Henry, New York Red Bulls, NYRB, Rafa Marquez, Tim Cahill, Philadelphia Union, Goal, Goals, gaol, gaols, Highlights, highlight, pro soccer, sports, MLS, Major League Soccer, Football, Futbol, Soccer
http://wn.com/HIGHLIGHTS_Philadelphia_Union_vs_New_York_Red_Bulls,_MLS
Sabaton - Union (Polish subs, Polskie napisy)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:06
- Updated: 03 Nov 2012
Few pictures from Monte Cassino + Sabaton Union + Polish subs. To download this video: www.tubegold.pl Lyrics As the turn of the tide it is our turn to rise The force of a union at war March over mountains on our way to the north On the road that will lead us to Rome Our way will not be easy, it will take us through hardship and pain Hill after hill breaking their lines of defence Head on north Mile after mile our march carries on No army may stop our approach Fight side by side many nations unite In the shadow of Monte Cassino We fight and die together as we head for the valley of death Destiny calls we'll not surrender or fail To arms under one banner As a unit we stand and united we fall As one fighting together Bringing an end to the slaughter Winds are changing head on north
http://wn.com/Sabaton_Union_Polish_subs,_Polskie_napisy
Union - "Wings feat. Elzhi" - Official Music Video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:07
- Updated: 28 Oct 2012
Union releases their second video from their full length "Analogtronics", out on Fat Beats Records. This animated video is the claymation work of Jesse Mann (@jesse_mann), who has done live projections for bands such as The Stepkids. Using only the natural elements of clay and paper, this video reflects Union's sensibility of fusing organic elements with digital editing techniques. Enjoy the home made, organically produced laser light show. www.fatbeats.com purchase the digital single: itunes.apple.com Purchase "Analogtronics" on iTunes: itunes.apple.com Purchase "Analogtronics" 2xLP: www.fatbeats.com
http://wn.com/Union_Wings_feat_Elzhi_Official_Music_Video
Union J sing for survival - Live Week 4 - The X Factor UK 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:48
- Updated: 05 Nov 2012
Visit the official site: itv.com Oh the dramz! Watch Union J sing for survival with Perfect by Pink Having found themselves in the bottom two, watch as Union J pulls out all the stops in a bid to win over the Judges and stay in the competition. SUBSCRIBE: bit.ly Facebook: bit.ly Twitter: bit.ly Buy Live Tour Tickets: bit.ly Watch full episodes on ITV Player (UK ONLY): bit.ly
http://wn.com/Union_J_sing_for_survival_Live_Week_4_The_X_Factor_UK_2012
Photo: AP / Syrian Observatory for Human Rights via AP video
02 Nov 2012
GENEVA (Reuters) - A video that appears to show Syrian rebels killing soldiers who had surrendered probably constitutes a war crime that should be prosecuted, the United Nations human rights office...
Photo: AP / Manu Fernandez
02 Nov 2012
BARCELONA superstar Lionel Messi announced this morning the birth of his first child, Thiago, although the club say he will still play on Saturday. Messi's partner, Antonella Roccuzzo, delivered their...
Photo: USAF / Master Sgt. Mark C. Olsen
02 Nov 2012
NEW YORK (Reuters) - From New York City's Staten Island to the popular beach towns of the Jersey Shore, rescuers and officials on Friday faced growing evidence of widespread destruction wrought by...
Photo: AP / Dita Alangkara
02 Nov 2012
Seoul: South Korean pop sensation Psy’s Gangnam Style has become the second most-watched YouTube video of all time with more than 620 million hits as the quirky rapper continues to take the...
Photo: AP / Sergey Ponomarev
03 Nov 2012
Russia's prime minister has said that members of the Pussy Riot punk band serving two-year prison sentences should be set free. Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev said Friday that he detested the Pussy...
'Homeland' Recap: Blown Away
05 Nov 2012
Rollingstone
Watching Peter Quinn struggle to stay alive, shot in the gut and bleeding to death on the floor of a Gettysburg tailor-shop-cum-bomb-factory that had just seen CIA/FBI taskforce gunned down in cold blood by al Qaeda stormtroopers, a thought occurred to me: "I bet he's almost as shocked and...(size: 8.6Kb)
The kidnap alarm: What is the government doing?
05 Nov 2012
DNA India
Yet another child was kidnapped last month from Wadia hospital, raking up past incidents. Mumbai has the second highest crime ratio against children in the country and the unsolved cases have raised fears about the missing babies falling prey to the begging mafia or gangs involved in child...(size: 7.2Kb)
Nominate your top workplace
05 Nov 2012
Times Union
Did your employer give you every other Friday off this summer — with pay — just to be nice? Are the salary and benefits packages enjoyed by you and your colleagues worth bragging about? Is your company's family leave...(size: 1.5Kb)
The New York Times
BOSTON — Even in the darkest days of Elizabeth Warren’s Senate campaign, when she was being pummeled for claiming Native American ancestry, her team expressed optimism that she would win in November. Why? Because, they said, she would have a superior ground game that would turn out the...(size: 12.1Kb)
EU and China in yet another tech trade spat
05 Nov 2012
The Register
Already-tense relations between Europe and China appear to...(size: 0.4Kb)
Pressure is on for league, players
05 Nov 2012
The News & Observer
Email Print Order Reprint Share This Text tool name tool goes here By Chip Alexander - By Chip Alexander The News and Observer The on-again, off-again talks between the NHL and NHL Players Association are back on again....(size: 12.5Kb)
Mountain prospects
05 Nov 2012
Sun Star
ROME—I wish I could call it bringing home the bacon. Maybe it is, if we call prospects of projects becoming reality the promise of becoming bacon. What has my Rome trip to meet with my Mountain Partnership colleagues from Switzerland, the European Union, EU and Russia, North America, Latin America,...(size: 3.9Kb)
Won’t allow Indo-Pak match series: Bal Thackeray
05 Nov 2012
Zeenews
Zeenews Bureau Mumbai: Ailing Shiv Sena founder Bal Thackeray has strongly opposed the forthcoming India, Pakistan match series, scheduled to begin from December 25, and slammed the apex cricket body and the centre for giving a go ahead to it. In an editorial published in the Shiv Sena mouthpiece...(size: 2.1Kb)
CNTV
CAIRO, Nov. 4 (Xinhua) -- The Arab ministerial committee in charge of handling the Syrian crisis will convene here its meeting on Nov. 12, prior to a Arab foreign ministers' meeting later in the same day, at headquarter of the Arab League (AL), Kuwait's Permanent Delegate to AL Jamal Al-Ghuneim said...(size: 6.6Kb)
CNTV
ATHENS - Greece's government will present a new austerity package to parliament on Monday, facing a week of strikes and protests over proposals which must win deputies' approval if the country is to secure more aid and stave off bankruptcy. Parliament is expected to vote on Prime Minister Antonis...(size: 8.9Kb)
Reuters
TOKYO (Reuters) - The U.S. dollar hit a two-month high against a basket of major currencies on Monday after job reports last week highlighted relatively solid U.S. economic fundamentals. The dollar stood near a four-month high against the yen and the euro also hit a five-week low, both tackling...(size: 4.3Kb)
Reuters
* Dollar near 4-month high against yen, tackles 50 pct retracement * Euro hits 5-week low, threatens to fall below 200-day average By Hideyuki Sano TOKYO, Nov 5 (Reuters) - The U.S. dollar hit a two-month high against a basket of major currencies on Monday after job reports last week highlighted...(size: 4.4Kb)
New Brighton fireworks will go ahead
05 Nov 2012
Stuff
Ignore the internet rumours - tonight's fireworks in New Brighton are still set to explode in the night sky. Posts on Facebook and Twitter today about the Treetech Guy Fawkes fireworks display off New Brighton pier being cancelled are false. Paul Kean of the Christchurch City Council events team...(size: 2.2Kb)
 |
Look up union in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
Union may refer to:
- Trade union or labor union, an organization of workers that have banded together, often for the purpose of getting better working conditions or pay
- Credit union
- Taxpayer groups (Taxpayers union), an organization of taxpayers, for the purpose of getting better budget responsibility from government
- Union (set theory), a mathematical set composed of all of the distinct elements of a collection of sets
- Union (computer science), a type of data
- Union (plumbing), a pipe fitting
- Union (American Civil War), a name used to refer to the federal government of the United States and loyal states during the American Civil War
It may also refer to:
|
Education[link]
- Union College (disambiguation)
- Union Institute & University, a college specializing in distance learning
- Union Public Schools, a school district in Oklahoma
- Union Theological College, in Northern Ireland
- Union Theological Seminary in the City of New York
- Union Theological Seminary & Presbyterian School of Christian Education, in Virginia
- Union University, a Baptist college in Tennessee
- Union University (New York), a federation of New York state institutions
- Union University (Serbia)
History and politics[link]
- Act of Union (1800), the formation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
- Acts of Union 1707, the formation of Great Britain
- Dynastic union
- European Union
- Personal union
- Political union
- Soviet Union
- The Union, a term sometimes used to refer to the United States
- The Brazilian federal government (Portuguese: União)
- Union councils of Pakistan
- Union of India
- Union of South Africa, the predecessor to the present-day Republic of South Africa
- Union State, the entity combining the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus
Computer science[link]
- Union (SQL)
- Union mount, a concept in file storage
Media[link]
- Union (Dark Horse Comics), a Star Wars miniseries
- Union (comics), a Wildstorm character
- The Union: The Business Behind Getting High, a 2007 documentary film
[edit] Music
- Union (band)
- Union (The Boxer Rebellion album)
- Union (Chara album)
- Union (Toni Childs album)
- Union (Puya album)
- Union (Rasa album), by Rasa
- Union (Union album)
- Union (Yes album)
- "Union" (Black Eyed Peas song)
- "Union (Slopes of St. Benedict)", a song by Sabaton on the The Art of War (album)
Places[link]
- Canada
- Paraguay
- Philippines
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- United States
- Union, Alabama
- Arcata, California (Union, Humboldt County, California)
- Union, Merced County, California
- Union, Napa County, California
- Union, Connecticut
- Union, Illinois
- Union, Iowa
- Union, Nevada
- Union, Kentucky
- Union Parish, Louisiana
- Union, Maine
- Union, Mississippi
- Union, Missouri
- Union, Nebraska
- Union, New Hampshire
- Union, New York
- Union, Ohio
- Union, Oregon
- Union, South Carolina
- Union, Virginia
- Union, West Virginia
- Union, Wisconsin (disambiguation)
Sports[link]
- Philadelphia Union, a soccer team
- Rugby union, a sport
- The Union (professional wrestling)
- Unión de Santa Fe, an Argentine football (soccer) club
- Club Atlético Unión de Sunchales, an Argentine football (soccer) club
Transport[link]
- Union (TTC), a subway station in Toronto, named for the adjacent railway station
- HMS Union, the name of several British Royal Navy ships
- USS Union, the name of several United States Navy ships
- Union (ship), a snow sunk in Fiji in 1804
Other uses[link]
- Gabrielle Union, American actress
- Half-union, a coin
See also[link]
- Alliance
- La Unión (disambiguation)
- The Union
- Mount Union (disambiguation)
- Soyuz (disambiguation)
- Union City (disambiguation)
- Union County (disambiguation)
- Union Railroad (disambiguation)
- Union Station (disambiguation)
- Union Springs (disambiguation)
- Union Township (disambiguation)
- Uniondale
- Uniontown (disambiguation)
- Unionville (disambiguation)
- West Union (disambiguation)
- Unionism (disambiguation)
 |
This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. |
http://wn.com/Union
Related pages:
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the musician. For her self-titled debut album, see Taylor Swift (album).
| Taylor Swift | |
|---|---|
 Swift performing during the Australian leg of her Speak Now Tour in 2012 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Taylor Alison Swift |
| Born | (1989-12-13) December 13, 1989 (age 22) Reading, Pennsylvania, United States |
| Genres | Country-pop, pop, country, alternative rock |
| Occupations | Singer-songwriter, actress |
| Instruments | Vocals, guitar, banjo, ukulele, piano |
| Years active | 2006–present |
| Labels | Big Machine |
| Website | TaylorSwift.com |
Taylor Alison Swift (born December 13, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter and occasional actress. Raised in Wyomissing, Pennsylvania, Swift moved to Nashville, Tennessee at the age of fourteen to pursue a career in country music. She signed to the independent label Big Machine Records and became the youngest songwriter ever hired by the Sony/ATV Music publishing house. The release of Swift's self-titled debut album in 2006 established her as a country music star. "Our Song", her third single, made her the youngest sole writer and singer of a number one song on the country chart. She received a Best New Artist nomination at the 50th Grammy Awards.
Swift's second album, Fearless, was released in late 2008. Buoyed by the chart success of the singles "Love Story" and "You Belong with Me", Fearless attracted a crossover audience and became the top-selling album of 2009. The record won four Grammy Awards, with Swift becoming the youngest ever Album of the Year winner. Fearless also received Album of the Year plaudits at the American Music Awards, Academy of Country Music Awards and Country Music Association Awards, making it the most awarded album in country music history. In 2010, Swift released her third album, Speak Now, which sold over one million copies in its first week. She then embarked on the 111-date Speak Now World Tour, which was attended by over 1.6 million fans and has become one of the highest-grossing concert tours of all time. The album's third single, "Mean", won two Grammy Awards for Best Country Song and Best Country Solo Performance. Swift is currently recording her fourth studio album, due for release in the fall of 2012.
Swift's work has earned her numerous accolades, including six Grammy Awards, ten AMAs, seven CMAs, six ACMs and 13 BMI Awards. She has sold over 22 million albums and 50 million song downloads worldwide, making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time. Swift has endorsement deals with Target, CoverGirl, Sony, Elizabeth Arden, Walmart and American Greetings. As a philanthropist, Swift has placed particular emphasis on arts education, children's literacy and natural disaster relief funds. In addition to her music career, Swift has appeared as an actress in the crime drama CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (2009), the romantic comedy Valentine's Day (2010) and the animated film The Lorax (2012).
Contents |
Early life[link]
Taylor Alison Swift was born on December 13, 1989 in Reading, Pennsylvania.[1] She is the daughter of Scott Swift, a Merrill Lynch financial adviser,[2][3] and Andrea (née Gardner), a homemaker who previously worked as a mutual fund marketing executive.[1][4] Swift was named after singer James Taylor; her mother believed a gender-neutral name would help her forge a successful business career.[5][6] She has a younger brother, Austin, who attends Vanderbilt University.[7] She spent the early years of her life on an eleven-acre Christmas tree farm in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania and was educated at the fee-paying Wyndcroft School.[8] When Swift was nine years old, the family moved to Wyomissing, Pennsylvania,[9][10] where she attended Wyomissing Area Junior/Senior High School.[11] Swift spent her summers at her parent's vacation home in Stone Harbor, New Jersey[12] and has described it as the place "where most of my childhood memories were formed".[10]
Swift's first hobby was English horse riding. Her mother Andrea put her in a saddle when Swift was nine months old and she later competed in horse shows.[13][14] Her family owned several Quarter horses and a Shetland pony.[14] At the age of nine, Swift turned her attention to musical theatre and performed in Berks Youth Theatre Academy productions of Grease, Annie, Bye Bye Birdie and The Sound of Music.[15][8] She travelled regularly to Broadway, New York for vocal and acting lessons. However, "after a few years of auditioning in New York and not getting anything”, Swift became interested in country music.[16] She was inspired by LeAnn Rimes's Blue[17] and her maternal grandmother, Marjorie Finlay, an opera singer.[8] When she was in fourth grade, Swift won a national poetry contest with a three-page poem, "Monster in My Closet".[18] At the age of eleven, after many attempts,[19] Swift won a local talent competition by singing a rendition of LeAnn Rimes’s “Big Deal”, and was given the opportunity to appear as the opening act for Charlie Daniels at a Strausstown amphitheater.[15] She spent her weekends performing at local festivals, fairs, coffeehouses, karaoke contests, garden clubs and Boy Scout meetings.[20][4] This interest in country music isolated Swift from her middle school peers.[21][22]
After watching a Behind the Music episode about Faith Hill,[23] Swift recorded a demo of karaoke covers, and travelled with her mother to Nashville, Tennessee for spring break to leave a copy of the demo with record labels along Music Row. She received label rejections and realized that "everyone in that town wanted to do what I wanted to do. So, I kept thinking to myself, I need to figure out a way to be different".[23] Swift began performing the "The Star Spangled Banner" at many sporting events, hoping she would be offered a recording contract. On one occasion, an eleven-year-old Swift high-fived Jay-Z after singing the national anthem at a 76ers game in Philadelphia.[24] At the age of twelve, Swift was shown by a computer repairman how to play three chords on a guitar, inspiring her to write her first song, "Lucky You".[25][26] She then recorded a second demo of original songs.[15] In 2003, Swift and her parents began working with music manager Dan Dymtrow, after he spotted her singing at the US Open.[27] Swift's second demo then caught the attention of RCA Records, who offered the eight-grader an artist development deal. In 2004, Swift modelled for Abercrombie and Fitch as part of their "Rising Stars" campaign and had an original song included in a Maybelline Cosmetics compilation CD.[28]
When Swift was fourteen, her father transferred to the Nashville office of Merrill Lynch and the family relocated to a lake-shore house in Hendersonville, Tennessee.[1] Swift has said her parents "presented it as a move to a nice community" rather than as her chance to become a star.[29] Her mother has said, "We've always told her that this is not about putting food on our table or making our dreams come true."[30] In Tennessee, Swift attended Hendersonville High School for her freshman and sophomore years.[31] Later, to accommodate her touring schedule, Swift transferred to the Aaron Academy, a private Christian school which offered homeschooling services, and earned her high school diploma in 2008.[32]
Music career[link]
[edit] 2004–08: Nashville songwriting sessions and Taylor Swift release
Swift moved to Nashville at the age of fourteen, having secured an artist development deal with RCA Records. Her musical influences included the Dixie Chicks, Shania Twain, LeAnn Rimes, Faith Hill,[29] Tom Petty,[33] Sheryl Crow,[34] Melissa Etheridge, Pat Benatar,[35] Reba McEntire, Garth Brooks,[36] Patsy Cline, Loretta Lynn and Tammy Wynette.[37] Swift had writing sessions with experienced songwriters such as Troy Verges, Brett Beavers, Brett James, Mac McAnally and the Warren Brothers,[38][39] but eventually formed a lasting working relationship with Liz Rose.[40] Swift saw Rose performing at an RCA songwriter event and suggested that they write together.[41] They began meeting for two-hour writing sessions every Tuesday afternoon after school.[42] Rose has said that the sessions were "some of the easiest I've ever done. Basically, I was just her editor. She'd write about what happened in school that day. She had such a clear vision of what she was trying to say. And she'd come in with the most incredible hooks".[43][42] Swift also began recording demos with producer Nathan Chapman.[41] After performing at a BMI Songwriter's Circle showcase at The Bitter End, New York,[39] Swift became the youngest songwriter ever hired by the Sony/ATV Tree publishing house.[44]
Swift left RCA Records when she was fifteeen; the company wanted her to record the work of other songwriters and wait until she was eighteen to release an album, but she felt ready to launch her career with her own material.[45][19] She also parted ways with manager Dan Dymtrow, who later took legal action against Swift and her parents.[28] At an industry showcase at Nashville's The Bluebird Café in 2005, Swift caught the attention of Scott Borchetta, a Dreamworks Records executive who was preparing to form his own independent record label, Big Machine Records.[40] Swift was one of the new label's first signings.[40] As an introduction to the country music business, Borchetta arranged for Swift to intern at the CMA Music Festival; she acted as the artist escort for Darryl Worley.[46][47]
Swift began working on her self-titled debut album shortly after signing her record deal. After experimenting with veteran Nashville producers, Swift persuaded Big Machine to hire her demo producer Nathan Chapman.[19] It was his first time to record a studio album but Swift felt they had the right "chemistry".[19] In the end, Chapman produced all but one of the tracks on Taylor Swift.[19] She has described the album as the "diary" of her early teens[48] and most songs were written during her freshman year of high school.[19] As a result, the songs describe coming of age experiences such as insecurity, young love, and teenage angst.[19] She has said that, although "it sounds like I've had 500 boyfriends", a lot of the songs are observational.[19] Swift wrote three of the album's songs alone, including two singles, and co-wrote the remaining eight with writers such as Liz Rose, Robert Ellis Orrall and Angelo Petraglia.[49] Musically, the album has been described as "a mix of trad-country instruments and spry rock guitars".[50]
Taylor Swift was released in October 2006 and received generally positive reviews from music critics.[51] PopMatters hoped Swift would be "able to find an accomodation between the country tradition and her very obvious pop sensibilities, because Taylor Swift suggests she has much to offer".[52] The New Yorker's Sasha Frere-Jones described Swift as a "prodigy". She noted that "Our Song" "stop[ed] me in my tracks" and praised the lyrics: “He’s got a one-hand feel on the steering wheel, the other on my heart".[53] Country Weekly felt Swift demonstrated "an honesty, intelligence and idealism with which listeners of any age will be able to connect" and noted that "the more thoughtful material suggests a talent poised to last well past high school".[54] AllMusic stated that, while listening to the album, it was "never in doubt" that "Swift is a talent to be reckoned with".[55] Rolling Stone described Swift as "bright-eyed but remarkably seasoned", and admired "Our Song"'s "insanely hooky sing-song melody that's as Britney as it is Patsy".[50]
Big Machine Records was still in its infancy upon the release of the lead single "Tim McGraw" in June 2006, and Swift and her mother helped "stuff the CD singles into envelopes to send to radio".[30] She spent much of 2006 promoting Taylor Swift in a radio tour and later commented, "Radio tours for most artists last six weeks. Mine lasted six months."[19] Swift painted canvases (inspired by Jackson Pollock) to gift to radio station managers who played her music.[56] She took part in "GAC Short Cuts", a part-documentary, part-music-video series designed to introduce her to country music fans.[57][58] She also made television appearances on Good Morning America,[59] The Megan Mullally Show,[59] America's Got Talent,[60] and TRL.[61] Swift, a self-described "kid of the internet",[62] used MySpace to build a fanbase. She wrote her own blog posts, left comments on her fans' accounts and personally respond to the messages that were sent to her.[63] This was, at the time, "revolutionary in country music".[64][57] Borchetta has said that his decision to sign a sixteen year old singer-songwriter initially raised eyebrows among his record industry peers[57] but Swift tapped into a previously unknown market: teenage girls who listen to country music.[1][57]
Following "Tim McGraw", four further singles were released throughout 2007 and 2008: "Teardrops on My Guitar", "Our Song", "Picture to Burn" and "Should've Said No". All were highly successful on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart, with "Our Song" and "Should've Said No" both reaching number one. "Our Song" made Swift the youngest sole writer and singer of a number one country song.[65] "Teardrops on My Guitar" became a minor pop hit; it reached number thirteen on the Billboard Hot 100.[66][67] The album sold 39,000 copies during its first week[68] and, as of March 2011, has sold over 5.5 million copies worldwide.[69] Swift also released a holiday album, Sounds of the Season: The Taylor Swift Holiday Collection, in October 2007 and an EP, Beautiful Eyes, in July 2008.[70][71]
Swift toured extensively in support of Taylor Swift. In addition to festival and theater dates, Swift performed as an opening act for several country artists' concert tours. She opened for Rascal Flatts on several dates in late 2006.[59][72] In 2007, she served as the opening act on twenty dates for George Strait's 2007 United States tour,[73] several dates on Kenny Chesney's tour[74] and selected dates on Brad Paisley's Bonfires & Amplifiers Tour.[75][76] Also in 2007, Swift appeared as the opening act on several dates for Tim McGraw and Faith Hill's joint Soul2Soul II Tour.[77] Swift again opened for Flatts for their Still Feels Good Tour in 2008.[78] In addition to performing her own material, Swift played covers of songs by Beyoncé and Rihanna.[79] She conducted meet-and-greet sessions with fans before and after her concerts; these lasted for up to four hours.[80][81]
In 2007, Swift and Alan Jackson were jointly named the Nashville Songwriters Association's "Songwriter/Artists of the Year". Swift was the youngest person ever to be honored with the title.[82] She also won the Country Music Association’s Horizon Award for Best New Artist.[83] In 2008, she won Top New Female Vocalist at the Academy of Country Music Awards[84] and Favorite Country Female Artist at the American Music Awards.[85] She won seven BMI Awards for songs featured on Taylor Swift.[86] Swift was also nominated for a 2008 Grammy Award in the category of Best New Artist, but lost to Amy Winehouse.[87]
[edit] 2008–10: Fearless release, MTV VMA incident and media backlash
Swift's second studio album, Fearless, was released in November 2008.[88] She wrote seven of the album's songs alone, including two singles, and co-wrote the remaining six with songwriters Liz Rose, John Rich, Colbie Caillat and Hillary Lindsey.[49] While Swift wrote many of the songs on tour, she made a conscious effort not to include "road songs": "As a 16-year-old girl, I could never relate to those songs about playing a different city every night. I want to write about feelings and love and the lack of love".[89] She has said that the album title "means you’re afraid of a lot of things, but you jump anyway".[90] She co-produced the album with Nathan Chapman.[49] Musically, the record is characterized by "loud, lean guitars and rousing choruses", with the occasional "bit of fiddle and banjo tucked into the mix".[91]
Fearless received generally positive reviews from music critics.[92] The New York Times described Swift as "one of pop's finest songwriters, country’s foremost pragmatist and more in touch with her inner life than most adults".[93] The Village Voice felt she displayed "preternatural wisdom and inclusiveness", "masterfully avoiding the typical diarist's pitfalls of trite banality and pseudo-profound bullshit".[94] Rolling Stone described her as "a songwriting savant with an intuitive gift for verse-chorus-bridge architecture" whose "squirmingly intimate and true" songs seemed to be "literally ripped from a suburban girl's diary".[95] USA Today found it "a pleasure to hear a gifted teenager who sounds like a gifted teenager, rather than a mouthpiece for a bunch of older pros' collective notion of adolescent yearning."[96] The New Yorker described it as an album "without a bad track", adding that "the album’s finest effort, "Fifteen", will feature in yearbook quotes for years".[97] Entertainment Weekly noted that the album would appeal mainly to young girls – "she sounds like a real teen, not some manufactured vixen-Lolita" – but predicted it would be "exciting to watch her precocious talent grow".[98] Music critic Robert Christgau described Swift as "an uncommonly-to-impossibly strong and gifted teenage girl".[99]
Swift promoted Fearless heavily upon its release. An episode of The Ellen DeGeneres Show was dedicated to the album launch[57] and Swift appeared on many other chat shows.[100] She communicated with fans using social media platforms such as twitter and personal video blogs.[57] In October 2008, she appeared at the CMT Giants: Alan Jackson event, performing a cover of Jackson's "Drive (For Daddy Gene)".[101] In November 2008, Swift took part in a joint, televised concert with rock band Def Leppard in Nashville.[102][103] She performed her song "Fifteen" with Miley Cyrus at the 51st Grammy Awards in February 2009.[104] In April 2009, she performed a cover of George Strait's "Run" at a televised ACM event honoring Strait as Artist of the Decade.[105] Swift hosted and appeared as the musical guest on Saturday Night Live in November 2009.[106] The lead single from the album, "Love Story", was released in September 2008 and became the second best-selling country single of all time, peaking at number four on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.[67][107] Four more singles were released throughout 2008 and 2009: "White Horse", "You Belong with Me", "Fifteen" and "Fearless". "You Belong with Me" was the album's highest-charting single, peaking at number two on the Billboard Hot 100.[108] The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 Album Chart with sales of 592,304 and has since sold over 8.6 million copies worldwide.[109][110] It was the top-selling album of 2009 and brought Swift much crossover success.[111]
Swift carried out her first headlining tour from April 2009 to June 2010. As part of the 105-date Fearless Tour, Swift played 90 dates in North America, six dates in Europe, eight dates in Australia and one date in Asia.[112] The stage show included multiple costume changes, dancers and a fairy-tale castle set.[113] She sang a cover of Justin Timberlake's "What Goes Around... Comes Around" nightly, intertwined with her own "You're Not Sorry".[114] Swift invited John Mayer, Faith Hill and Katy Perry to perform one-off duets with her at various dates during the North American tour.[115][116][117] Justin Bieber, Kelly Pickler and Gloriana were the support acts.[118] The tour was attended by more than 1.1 million fans and has grossed over $63 million.[119] Taylor Swift: Journey to Fearless, a concert film, was aired on television and later released on DVD and Blu-ray.[120] Also in 2009, Swift performed as a supporting act for Keith Urban.[121]
File:Kanye-West-grabs-the-mic-2009-vma.jpg
Kanye West taking the microphone from Swift at the MTV Video Music Awards in 2009
In September 2009, Swift became the first country music artist to win an MTV Video Music Award when "You Belong with Me" was named Best Female Video.[122] Her acceptance speech was interrupted by rapper Kanye West, who had been involved in a number of other award show incidents.[123] West declared Beyoncé's video for "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)", nominated in the same category, to be "one of the best videos of all time." Many audience members booed West,[124][125] prompting him to flip off the crowd.[126][124] He then handed the microphone back to a speechless Swift.[124][127] Backstage, Swift was seen "hysterically crying".[124] According to Rolling Stone, when Swift's mother confronted West, he gave "a half-hearted apology in which he added he still thought Beyoncé's video was superior".[128] West was removed from the event.[124][126][129] When Beyoncé later won the award for Video of the Year, she invited Swift onstage to finish her speech.[124][130] In the event's press room, Swift, who in 2008 had expressed a desire to sing a hook on a Kanye West rap song,[131] was asked if she had "any hard feelings" towards West: "I don’t know him, and I’ve never met him, so... I don’t want to start anything because I had a great night tonight."[128][132]
The incident received much media attention and inspired many Internet memes.[133] President Barack Obama, in an "off the record" comment, called West a "jackass".[134] Former US President Jimmy Carter said West's interruption was "completely uncalled for".[135] West's behavior was criticized by celebrities, including Eminem, Snoop Dogg and Lady Gaga.[126][136][137][128] The following day, West apologized for his verbal outburst both in a blog entry and during an appearance on The Jay Leno Show.[124][125] He maintained that, while Swift was "very talented", "Beyoncé's video was the best of this decade!!!! ... I gave my awards to Outkast when they deserved it over me ... I'm not crazy y'all, I'm just real."[138] Two days after the VMAs, Swift told an interviewer that West had not spoken to her since the ceremony.[139] West then contacted her to offer a personal apology, which Swift accepted: "Kanye did call me, and he was very sincere in his apology."[122][139] It has been said that the incident and subsequent media attention turned Swift into "a bona-fide mainstream celebrity".[140]
Swift released a cover of Tom Petty's "American Girl", exclusively through Rhapsody in June 2009[141] and continues to make her stage entrance to Petty's recording of the song.[142] Swift contributed backing vocals to John Mayer's "Half of My Heart", featured on his fourth album, in November 2009.[143] Mayer wrote the song as a tribute to Tom Petty and Fleetwood Mac: "I thought, 'Well, if this is going to be my love letter to that style of music, who's going to be the Stevie Nicks in this equation?' And I thought, 'This Taylor Swift girl is going to be around for a long time."[144] The song received positive reviews from music critics.[145][146][147] Swift and Mayer performed the song live at Madison Square Garden, New York in December 2009.[148] It was released as the album's third single in June 2010 and peaked at number 25 on the Billboard Hot 100.[149] Swift collaborated with a number of other artists in 2008 and 2009. She co-wrote and recorded "Best Days of Your Life" with Kelly Pickler.[150] She co-wrote two songs for the Hannah Montana: The Movie soundtrack – "You'll Always Find Your Way Back Home" and "Crazier" – with Martin Johnson and Robert Ellis Orrall, respectively.[151] Swift also provided vocals for Boys Like Girls's "Two Is Better Than One", written by Martin Johnson.[152][153][154][155] In January 2010, Swift contributed two songs – including "Today Was a Fairytale" – to the Valentine's Day soundtrack[156] and recorded a cover of Better Than Ezra's "Breathless" for the Hope for Haiti Now album.[157]
In November 2009, Swift became the youngest ever artist, and one of only six women, to be named Entertainer of the Year by the Country Music Association.[158] Fearless also won the Association's Album of the Year award.[158] The album won many other accolades and has become the most awarded album in country music history.[159] Swift was the youngest ever artist to win the Academy of Country Music's Album of the Year honor.[160] The American Music Awards honored Swift with Artist of the Year and Favorite Country Album plaudits.[161] She was awarded the Hal David Starlight Award by the Songwriters Hall of Fame[162] and was named Songwriter/Artists of the Year by the Nashville Songwriters Association.[163] She won four BMI Awards.[164] Billboard named her 2009's Artist of the Year.[165] Swift was included in Time's annual list of the 100 Most Influential People in 2010.[166]
In January 2010, Swift won four Grammy Awards for Album of the Year, Best Country Album, Best Female Country Vocal Performance and Best Country Song, from a total of eight nominations.[167][168] She was the youngest ever artist to win Album of the Year.[169] During the ceremony, Swift sang "Rhiannon" and "You Belong with Me" with Stevie Nicks. Her vocal performance received negative reviews and sparked a widespread media backlash.[140][170] Her vocals were described variously as "badly off-key", "strikingly bad" and "incredibly wretched".[171][172] While The New York Times found it "refreshing to see someone so gifted make the occasional flub" and described Swift as "the most important new pop star of the past few years",[169] music critic Bob Lefsetz predicted that her career would end "overnight".[173][174] In April 2010, Stevie Nicks, writing in Time, defended the singer: "Taylor reminds me of myself in her determination and her childlike nature. It's an innocence that's so special and so rare. This girl writes the songs that make the whole world sing, like Neil Diamond or Elton John ... The female rock-'n'-roll-country-pop songwriter is back, and her name is Taylor Swift. And it's women like her who are going to save the music business."[166]
[edit] 2010–12: Speak Now release, 13-month world tour and collaborations
Swift released her third studio album, Speak Now, in October 2010.[175] She wrote all twelve songs alone: "I'd get my best ideas at 3 a.m. in Arkansas and I didn't have a co-writer around."[176] Album recording sessions took place in California, Tennessee and Kentucky over a two year period.[177][178] Swift, who co-produced the record with longtime collaborator Nathan Chapman,[179] has described it as "a collection of confessions—things I wish I had said when I was in the moment".[180] She originally intended to call the album Enchanted but Scott Borchetta, her record label's CEO, felt the title did not reflect the album's more adult themes: "She had played me a bunch of the new songs. I looked at her and I'm like, 'Taylor, this record isn't about fairy tales and high school anymore. That's not where you're at'".[181] Musically, it has been said that the album "expands beyond country-pop to border both alternative rock and dirty bubblegum pop".[182]
Speak Now received generally positive reviews from music critics.[183] USA Today felt that Swift's songwriting skills would remind listeners "what all the fuss was about in the first place", with the album capturing "the sweet ache of becoming an adult".[184] The Los Angeles Times praised her ability as a songwriter to "hit on common experiences that feel unique".[182] The New York Times described the album as savage, musically diverse and "excellent too, possibly her best".[179] The Village Voice found that the album demanded "a true appreciation of Swift's talent, which is not confessional, but dramatic: Like a procession of country songwriters before her, she creates characters and situations—some from life—and finds potent ways to describe them."[185] Entertainment Weekly noted that while love may confound her, "the art of expert songcraft clearly doesn't".[186] Music critic John Christgau found the album's songs "overlong and overworked" but remarked that "they evince an effort that bears a remarkable resemblance to care—that is, to caring in the best, broadest, and most emotional sense".[99] Rolling Stone described Swift as one of the best songwriters in "pop, rock or country": "Swift might be a clever Nashville pro who knows all the hitmaking tricks, but she's also a high-strung, hyper-romantic gal with a melodramatic streak the size of the Atchafalaya Swamp".[187]
Swift carried out an extensive promotional campaign prior to Speak Now's release.[188] She appeared on various talk shows and morning shows, and gave free mini-concerts in unusual locations, including an open-decker bus on Hollywood Boulevard and a departure lounge at JFK airport.[189][190] She took part in a "guitar pull" alongside Kris Kristofferson, Emmylou Harris, Vince Gill and Lionel Ritchie at LA's Club Nokia; the musicians shared the stage and took turns introducing and playing acoutic versions of their songs to raise money for the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum.[191][192] The album's lead single, "Mine", was released in August 2010 and five further singles were released throughout 2010 and 2011: "Back to December", "Mean", "The Story of Us", "Sparks Fly" and "Ours".[193] Speak Now was a major commercial success, debuting at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart. Its sales of 1,047,000 copies made it the sixteenth album in United States history to sell one million copies in a single week.[194] As of February 2012, Speak Now has sold over four million copies in the US[195] and over 5.7 million copies worldwide.[196][197] In her career, as of May 2012, Swift has sold over 22 million albums[198] and 50 million digital tracks worldwide.[199]
In September 2010, Kanye West's 2009 VMA interruption once again became newsworthy when West used his twitter account to apologize to Swift, referring to her as "just a lil girl with dreams like the rest of us": ""I wrote a song for Taylor Swift that's so beautiful and I want her to have it. If she won't take it then I'll perform it for her." Later that month, both artists performed at the 2010 VMAs. Swift sang "Innocent", a song widely believed to be about West, which The Washington Post has described as "a small masterpiece of passive aggressiveness, a vivisection dressed up as a peace offering".[200] Music critics found Swift's performance overly serious and "petty".[201][202] Speaking in November 2010, West said he failed to see what was "so arrogant about that moment" and described his actions as "selfless". He added that "if it was the other way around" and Swift were an established artist who had "made the video of her career, do you think she would have lost to a brand new artist? Hell no!"[203][204] Also that month, he claimed that, "If I wasn't drunk, I would have been on stage longer ... Taylor never came to my defense at any interview. And rode the waves and rode it and rode it".[205][206] At the Costume Institute Gala in May 2011, Swift and West came face-to-face on the red carpet. West was observed to hold "a hand out, and the two exchanged a studiedly casual, “down low” high five".[1]
Swift toured throughout 2011 and early 2012 in support of Speak Now. As part of the thirteen-month, 111-date world tour, Swift played seven shows in Asia, twelve shows in Europe, 80 shows in North America and twelve shows in Australasia.[207] Three dates on the US tour were rescheduled after Swift fell ill with bronchitis.[208] The stage show was inspired by Broadway musical theatre, with choreographed routines, elaborate set-pieces, pyrotechnics and numerous costume changes.[209][210] Swift invited many musicians to join her for one-off duets during the North American tour. Appearances were made by James Taylor, Jason Mraz, Shawn Colvin, Johnny Rzeznik, Andy Grammer, Tal Bachman, Justin Bieber, Selena Gomez, Nicki Minaj, Nelly, B.o.B., Usher, Flo Rida, T.I., Jon Foreman, Jim Adkins, Hayley Williams, Hot Chelle Rae, Ronnie Dunn, Darius Rucker, Tim McGraw and Kenny Chesney.[211][212] The tour was attended by over 1.6 million fans and has grossed over $123 million, becoming one of the highest-grossing concert tours of all time.[207] Swift's first live album, Speak Now World Tour: Live, featuring all seventeen performances from the North American leg of the tour, was released in November 2011.[213]
During the North American and Australasian tour legs, Swift wrote different song lyrics on her left arm for each performance. She has said that the lyrics should be viewed as a nightly "mood ring"[214] and The New Yorker has cited the practice as an example of Swift's "keen understanding of what fuels fan obsession in the first place: a desire for intimacy between singer and listener".[1] Artists quoted include Tom Petty, Carole King, Neil Young, Bruce Springsteen, Elton John, Joni Mitchell, Ryan Adams, Patty Griffin, Band of Horses, Jimmy Eat World, Death Cab For Cutie, Alanis Morrissette, Rachael Yamagata, Erin McCarley, Mindy Smith and Martina McBride.[215][216] Swift also performed many acoustic cover versions during her North American tour. In each city, she paid tribute to a homegrown artist.[217] She has said the cover versions allowed her to be "spontaneous" in an otherwise well-rehearsed show: "You'll have a lot of people who will come to more than one show, and I want them to get a different experience every time."[218] Artists covered include Justin Timberlake, Tori Amos, TLC, Pink, Fall Out Boy, Dave Matthews Band, Michelle Branch, Jordin Sparks, Maroon 5, Train, John Mellencamp, Kim Carnes, Avril Lavigne, The Jackson 5, Carolyn Dawn Johnson, Gwen Stefani, All American Rejects, Britney Spears and Eminem.[219]
At the 54th Grammy Awards in February 2012, Swift's song "Mean" won Best Country Song and Best Country Solo Performance.[220] She also performed "Mean" during the ceremony. The song is believed to be a rebuttal to Bob Lefsetz, one of the most vocal critics of her 2010 Grammy performance.[174] Lefsetz had previously been a supporter of the singer's career,[221] and Swift and Lefsetz had corresponded occasionally by email and telephone.[174] Time felt she "delivered her comeback on-key and with a vengeance"[222] while USA Today remarked that the criticism in 2010 seemed to have "made her a better songwriter and live performer".[223]
Swift was named Songwriter/Artist of the Year by the Nashville Songwriters Association in both 2010 and 2011. During the 2011 ceremony, she played an acoustic version of "Where Were You (When the World Stopped Turning)" in honor of Alan Jackson, a Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame inductee,[224] who later thanked Swift in his speech for "the prettiest version I've ever heard".[225] Swift won various other awards for Speak Now. She was named Entertainer of the Year by the Academy of Country Music in both 2011 and 2012[226] and was named Entertainer of the Year by the Country Music Association in 2011.[227] Swift was the American Music Awards's Artist of the Year in 2011, and Speak Now was named Favorite Country Album.[228] She was also the recipient of two BMI Awards.[229] Billboard named Swift 2011's Woman of the Year.[230] Also that year, Billboard ranked her at number 15 in a list of the Top 20 Hot 100 Songwriters 2000–2011; she was the second highest ranking woman.[231] Swift was ranked second on Rolling Stone's list of the Top 16 "Queen Of Pops" of the decade.[232]
Swift contributed two original songs to The Hunger Games soundtrack album in March 2012. "Safe & Sound" was co-written and recorded with The Civil Wars and T-Bone Burnett.[233] John Paul White has said working with Swift was "a revelation. She had some great ideas. We had complete freedom. It truly was a collaboration. We brought the melancholy and the darker angle. Taylor was bringing the melody and the chords."[234] Rolling Stone described the song as "Swift's prettiest ballad" and wondered whether the alt-country folk song was "a one-off novelty, a trial balloon cred-move, or the stirrings of a "grown-up" style".[235] Swift and The Civil Wars debuted a live version of the song at the Ryman Auditorium, Nashville in January 2012.[236] It was released as the album's lead single and, as of April 2012, has sold 970,000 copies in the United States.[237] Swift's second contribution to the album, "Eyes Open", was written solely by the singer and produced by Nathan Chapman.[238] In May 2012, Swift contributed vocals to "Both of Us", a Dr. Luke-produced song on B.o.B's second album Strange Clouds.[239][240][241][242]
2012–present: Untitled fourth studio album[link]
Swift is currently working on her fourth album with producer Nathan Chapman.[243][244] It is scheduled for release in the fall of 2012.[245] Swift intends to keep writing and recording throughout 2012 "because I'm having so much fun".[246] After writing her third album alone, Swift is now collaborating with people "from all different places in music",[246] including songwriters Lori McKenna,[247][248] Butch Walker,[249][250] Ed Sheeran,[251] and Dan Wilson.[252] The album will detail "the rise and fall of a relationship",[253] as well as the resulting "absolute crash-and-burn heartbreak".[254] She has described the album's mood as "sad, if I'm being honest."[255]
Artistry[link]
Songwriting style[link]
Swift has said she writes songs as an "open letter".[256] She has said songwriting is "is a way of verbalizing those things that I feel that I can’t say".[47] Swift has said she is "very interested in any writing from a child's perspective" and has cited To Kill a Mockingbird as one of her favorite books.[257] Neil Young has described Swift as "a great writer" and follows her career.[258][259] Kris Kristofferson has said that "she blows me away. It's amazing to me that someone so young is writing such great songs. She's got a great career ahead of her".[260][261] Dolly Parton has said her songs are "great" and that she has "the qualities that could last a long time".[262] Stevie Nicks has said Swift writes "songs that make the whole world sing, like Neil Diamond or Elton John".[166]
Vocal abilities[link]
In studio recordings, the Los Angeles Times identifies Swift's "defining" vocal gesture as "the line that slides down like a contented sigh or up like a raised eyebrow, giving her beloved girl-time hits their air of easy intimacy".[182] In a review of Speak Now, The Village Voice noted that her phrasing was previously "bland and muddled, but that's changed. She can still sound strained and thin, and often strays into a pitch that drives some people crazy; but she's learned how to make words sound like what they mean".[185] Slate, reviewing Speak Now, described Swift as "a technically poor singer": "Though she does vary her phrasing in ways that attempt to mask her limited voice (the way she sneers, "She looks at me like I'm a trend/And she's so over it," on "Better Than Revenge" is especially effective), Swift is still noticeably off-pitch at least once on every song on the album".[263]
In an interview with The New Yorker, Swift characterized herself primarily as a songwriter: “I write songs, and my voice is just a way to get those lyrics across”.[1] "I'm not trying to go out there and do vocal acrobatics. I'm just trying to write good songs".[264] However, her vocal presence is something that concerns her and she has "put a lot of work" into improving it.[265] She has said that she only feels nervous performing "if I'm not sure what the audience thinks of me, like at award shows".[266]
Public image[link]
Swift has been described as "America's sweetheart" and "a role model".[267][268] The singer considers it her "responsibility" to be conscious of her influence on young fans.[269] However, she insists that "I don't live by all these rigid, weird rules that make me feel all fenced in. I just like the way that I feel like, and that makes me feel very free".[270] Swift does not drink alcohol because she worries that "I might come off in a way that I can't control. Maybe I should just lighten up!" "It's not like I judge people who [drink] or that I don't hang out with people who drink".[270] She refuses to take part in overly sexualised photo-shoots.[9] The lyrical content of her songs is regarded as appropriate for young audiences. A New Yorker journalist who attended a Swift concert recounted watching "sixteen-year-old girls holding hands and swaying, and a girl in a hijab sobbing as she sang the words. It was hard not to be a little moved, and not to feel relieved that the words being sung were, more or less, safe ... One can attend a concert by Katy Perry and listen to a stadium full of thirteen-year-olds chant along with the song “Peacock” which goes, “I want to see your peacock-cock-cock! Your peacock-cock!"[1]
A Rolling Stone journalist who profiled Swift in 2009 remarked upon her polite manners: "If this is Swift's game face, it must be tattooed on because it never drops".[271] A 2012 Vogue cover story described Swift as "clever and funny and occasionally downright bawdy" in person, but noted that she "asks if her cursing can be off the record".[272] Grantland.com describes Swift as "talkative and openly neurotic in a way you'd never see from a blonde country princess like Faith Hill or Carrie Underwood. She is more like Diane Keaton in Annie Hall: overly gracious and eager to please but full of a nonstop, nervous, fluttering energy".[273]
There has been much media commentary about Swift's reactions when she is recognized at award ceremonies.[274] In 2011, The Hollywood Reporter remarked that she "seems to be consistently shocked and wonderstruck by each awards win, despite racking up an ever-growing collection of Grammys, CMAs, MTV Moonmen and AMAs".[275] Kristen Wiig parodied Swift's surprised facial expressions during a Saturday Night Live sketch in February 2012.[276] Swift later said she had seen the sketch: “I was laughing the entire time and then I realized that, as I was watching it, I was making the face she was making”.[277] At the Academy of Country Music Awards in April 2012, the ceremony's host Blake Shelton joked in his opening monologue that Swift should release a perfume called "I can't believe I smell this good". When Swift later presented Shelton with the Academy's Best Male Vocalist award, "the two faced off, showing each other their ultra-surprised looks".[278][279]
Feminist discussion[link]
The merits of Swift as a feminist have been widely discussed.[280] She has been described by Jezebel as "a feminist's nightmare": "Her image of being good and pure plays right into how much the patriarchy fetishizes virginity, loves purity, and celebrates women who know their place as delicate flowers".[281] However, a Village Voice music critic dismissed this criticism as "shallow and gross, in that special way that things get gross when you cram shaded and living work through an ideological sieve like you're mechanically separating chicken".[282] He continued: "Criticisms include: She's a conformist stooge of the patriarchy (she's now had two hits about defying fathers); she idolizes chastity (she's coy about sex, but only the willful could miss the fucking in the new "Sparks Fly," which includes the line "Gimme something that'll haunt me when you're not around"); and she sells girls corrupt and shallow fairy-tale notions of romance (one of the two fairy-tale songs on Fearless mocked a guy for trying to white-knight her, and the only mention of such things on Speak Now is "I had the time of my life fighting dragons with you"—note the tense)."[282]
The song Fifteen has been the subject of particular scrutiny. It has been said that the song contains a "feminist message" in the lyrics "Back then I swore I was gonna marry him some day, but I realized some bigger dreams of mine” and "In your life you'll do things greater than dating the boy on the football team".[283] Feminist critics claim the use of the word "everything" in the lyric "Abigail gave everything she had to a boy, who changed his mind, and we both cried" is a reference to virginity: "Songs like "Fifteen" dig up the ancient Puritan ideal that girls can only access power by confidently and heterosexually denying access to their pants."[284] However, others interpret "everything" as trust: "Abigail trusted and opened up to a boy for the first time, only to be let down. Maybe that includes sex, maybe it doesn’t."[283]
When asked by The New York Times in 2010 whether she considered herself a feminist, Swift replied, "I have never really thought about that".[285] In December 2011, Billboard's Tom Roland asked Swift whether the marginalization of women in country music, prevalent in the 1950s, was still an issue: "I was fortunate enough to come about in a time when I didn't feel that kind of energy at all, and it was always my theory that if you want to play in the same ballgame as the boys, you've got to work as hard as them. I was always playing just as many shows as they were and playing on the same shows as they were. I was willing to pay my dues as an opening act, playing in clubs and bars and playing in tiny venues. The new male artists were doing the same thing, so I never saw an issue there."[286]
Philanthropy[link]
Arts education[link]
In September 2010, Swift donated $75,000 to Nashville's Hendersonville High School to help refurbish the school auditorium's sound and lighting systems.[287] In May 2012, she pledged $4 million to fund a new education center at the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum in Nashville. The two-storey, 7,500-square foot space will have its own exterior entrance and museum officials have decided to name it The Taylor Swift Education Center.[288] It will feature three classrooms and a children's exhibit gallery, and will house interactive activities such as a musical petting zoo and a “wet” classroom space to make concert posters and other art projects. New programs and workshops for teenagers and senior citizens will also be accommodated within the space. The Center is scheduled to open in early 2014 and Swift will be involved in an advisory capacity.[289]
Children's literacy[link]
In December 2009, Swift donated $250,000 to various schools around the country that she had either attended or had other associations with. The money was used to buy books, fund educational programs and pay teachers' salaries.[290] In October 2010, she took part in a live webcast, Read Now! with Taylor Swift, broadcast exclusively in US schools to celebrate Scholastic's Read Every Day campaign.[291][292] In October 2011, Swift donated 6,000 Scholastic books to Reading Public Library, Pennsylvania[293] and, in February 2012, she donated 14,000 books to Nashville Public Library, Tennessee.[294] Most of the books were placed in circulation; the rest were gifted to children from low-income families, preschools and daycare centers.[294] In March 2012, she co-chaired the National Education Association's Read Across America campaign and recorded a PSA encouraging children to read.[295][296]
Natural disaster funds[link]
In June 2008, Swift donated all the proceeds from her merchandise sales at the 2008 Country Music Festival to the Red Cross's disaster relief fund.[297] Swift donated $100,000 to the Red Cross in Cedar Rapids, Iowa to help the victims of the Iowa flood of 2008.[298] Swift lent her support to the Victorian Bushfire Appeal by joining the lineup at Sydney's Sound Relief concert,[299] reportedly making the biggest contribution of any artist playing at Sound Relief to the Australian Red Cross.[300]
In response to the May 2010 Tennessee floods, Swift donated $500,000 during a flood relief telethon hosted by WSMV, a Nashville television station.[301] In August 2010, she donated $100,000 to help rebuild a playground in Hendersonville, Tennessee, which was damaged by floodwater.[302] In May 2011, Swift transformed what was to have been the final dress rehearsal for the North American leg of her Speak Now tour into a benefit concert for victims of recent tornadoes in the United States southeast region, raising more than $750,000 from proceeds from ticket sales, merchandise and other facets of the show.[303] The benefit concert for tornado relief was subsequently honored at the 2011 Do Something Awards.[304] In July 2011, Swift further aided the cause by donating $250,000 to Alabama football coach Nick Saban's charity Nick's Kids to aid in the tornado relief efforts of West Alabama.[305] In April 2012, Swift donated $1,500 to a fund to help a man left permanently paralyzed by the tornado to make his house wheelchair-accessible.[306]
Other charitable endeavors[link]
In September 2007, Swift helped launch a campaign to protect children from online predators, in partnership with the Tennessee Association of Chiefs of Police.[307] In January 2008, Swift donated a pink Chevy pick-up truck given to her by her record label to the Victory Junction Gang Camp.[308] Swift has teamed up with Sound Matters to make listeners aware of listening "responsibly".[309] Swift supports @15, a teen-led social change platform underwritten by Best Buy to give teens opportunities to direct the company's philanthropy through the newly-created @15 Fund.[310] She appeared in a Got Milk campaign in July 2010.[311]
Swift donated her prom dress, which raised $1,200 for charity, to DonateMyDress.org.[312] In November 2009, after a live performance on BBC's Children in Need night, she donated $20,000 to the cause.[313] Swift donated a pair of her shoes to the Wish Upon a Hero Foundation's Hero in Heels fundraiser for auction to raise money to benefit women with cancer. In June 2011, as the Academy of Country Music's Entertainer of the Year, Swift donated $25,000 to St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Tennessee. This figure was matched by the Academy.[314]
Other work[link]
Acting[link]
Swift made her acting debut in a 2009 episode of CBS's CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, playing a rebellious teenager.[315] The New York Times noted that the character allowed Swift to be "a little bit naughty, and credibly so".[316] Rolling Stone felt she "held her own" and "does a good job with the script"[317] while the Chicago Tribune said she "acquits herself well".[318] Later that year, Swift both hosted and performed as the musical guest for an episode of Saturday Night Live.[319] Entertainment Weekly described her as "this season’s best Saturday Night Live host so far", noting that she "was always up for the challenge, seemed to be having fun, and helped the rest of the cast nail the punchlines". Proving "admirably resilient in a wide variety of sketch roles", "Swift inspired more of a female, girly-in-the-best-sense sensibility in SNL than it’s shown since the Tina Fey-Amy Poehler days".[320]
In 2010, Swift made her feature film acting debut in the romantic comedy Valentine's Day and won the Teen Choice Award for Movie Female Breakout.[321] In 2012, she voiced the character of Audrey in the animated film The Lorax.[322] Swift is in talks to star as Joni Mitchell in the film adaptation of Sheila Weller's Girls Like Us, which follows the careers of Mitchell, Carly Simon and Carole King.[323]
Product endorsements[link]
Jakks Pacific released a celebrity doll of Swift in late 2008.[324] Swift was the face of L.E.I. jeans in 2008.[325] In 2007, Swift launched a line of sundresses at Wal-Mart.[326][327] In 2009, Swift became the National Hockey League's newest celebrity spokesperson and appears in commercials for the Nashville Predators.[328] In 2011, Swift partnered with Elizabeth Arden to launch a fragrance, "Wonderstruck".[329] Swift works with American Greetings, Inc.[330] She also has endorsement deals with companies including Target, CoverGirl and Sony.[331]
In May 2009, Swift filed a lawsuit (kept sealed until August 2010) against numerous sellers of unauthorized counterfeit merchandise bearing her name, likeness, and trademarks, where she demanded a trial by jury, sought a judgement for compensatory damages, punitive damages, three times the actual damages sustained, and statutory damages, and sought for recovery of her attorney's fees and prejudgement interest.[332] Nashville's U.S. District Court granted an injunction and judgment against the sellers, who had been identified at Swift's concerts in several states. The court ordered merchandise seized from the defendants to be destroyed.[333][334][335]
Personal life[link]
Swift's main residence is a duplex penthouse in Midtown Nashville, Tennessee.[336][1] She also owns a house in Beverly Hills, California.[337][338] According to Forbes, Swift earned $18 million in 2009,[339] $45 million in 2010,[340] $45 million in 2011[341] and $57 million so far in 2012.[342]
Relationships[link]
Swift writes autobiographical songs and has said that, "I've never been shy or secretive with the fact that if you walk into my life, you may be walking onto a record".[343] Listening to music as a child, Swift felt confused "when I knew something was going on in someone’s personal life and they didn’t address it in their music".[344]
Swift dated singer Joe Jonas from July to October 2008.[345][346] She dated actor Taylor Lautner from October to December 2009.[347][348] She was romantically linked to musician John Mayer from late 2009 until June 2010.[349][350] They first met in 2008 and recorded a duet, "Half of My Heart", in late 2009.[351][352] Swift dated actor Jake Gyllenhaal from October 2010 to December 2010.[353][354][355][356][357] On December 9, 2011, Gyllenhaal called the LAPD for assistance, after a large number of photographers followed the couple's car in Los Angeles.[358] Following their break-up, they were seen together in January and February 2011.[359][360]
Politics[link]
On her eighteenth birthday, "the first thing" Swift did was register to vote.[361][362] After casting her vote in the 2008 US presidential election, Swift declined to inform journalists which candidate she had supported.[363] However, following Barack Obama's inauguration, she told Rolling Stone: "I've never seen this country so happy about a political decision in my entire time of being alive. I'm so glad this was my first election."[364] In 2009, after Swift's MTV VMA acceptance speech was interrupted by Kanye West, President Obama described West's behaviour as "really inappropriate. The young lady seems like a perfectly nice person. She’s getting her award. What is he doing up there? He’s a jackass."[365] Former US President Jimmy Carter said West's interruption was "completely uncalled for".[366]
In 2010, former U.S. President George H. W. Bush attended the taping of a Swift television special in Kennebunkport, Maine,[367] and later described Swift as "unspoiled" and "very nice".[368] In 2012, Swift was presented with a Kids' Choice Award in recognition of her charitable work by Michelle Obama, who praised her as someone who "has rocketed to the top of the music industry but still keeps her feet on the ground, someone who has shattered every expectation of what a 22-year old can accomplish".[369] Swift later described the First Lady as "a role model".[370]
Swift is an admirer of the Kennedy family and has spent time with Rory, Caroline and, particularly, Ethel Kennedy.[371] When asked about her friendship with Swift, Ethel replied, "Oh, she is amazing! Such good company."[372] Rory has said, "There is a mutual admiration society between my mother and Taylor Swift and I just love it! I think it says so much about Taylor – she has that ability to connect and cross generations ... She's terrific and such a great role model for young girls, as well as for all women, really. ... She's just so curious and interested".[372] In January 2012, Swift travelled to Utah to attend the Sundance premiere of the HBO documentary Ethel.[373]
In a 2012 interview, Swift remarked that she was "very cautious" about using her public profile to address political issues, adding that she hoped to "gradually" become more outspoken: "I don't feel that I am in a place to sing about politics or anything like that. I don't know enough at this point".[374]
Filmography[link]
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | Jonas Brothers: The 3D Concert Experience | Herself | Cameo |
| 2009 | CSI: Crime Scene Investigation | Haley Jones | Episode: "Turn, Turn, Turn" |
| 2009 | Hannah Montana: The Movie | Herself | Cameo |
| 2009 | Saturday Night Live | Host | Also appeared as the Musical Guest |
| 2010 | Valentine's Day | Felicia | Movie acting debut |
| 2012 | Lorax, TheThe Lorax | Audrey | Voice only |
Discography[link]
Main article: Taylor Swift discography
- Taylor Swift (2006)
- Fearless (2008)
- Speak Now (2010)
- Untitled Fourth Studio Album (Fall 2012)
Tours[link]
- Fearless Tour (2009–10)
- Speak Now World Tour (2011–12)
Awards and nominations[link]
Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Taylor Swift
Swift has won 109 awards from a total of 162 nominations. She has been the recipient of ten American Music Awards, six Grammy Awards, seven Country Music Association Awards, six Academy of Country Music Awards and 13 BMI Awards.
References[link]
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External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Taylor Swift |
- Wikipedia books: Taylor Swift
- Official website
- Taylor Swift on Twitter
- Taylor Swift at the Internet Movie Database
- Taylor Swift on Facebook
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Swift, Taylor |
| Alternative names | Swift, Taylor Alison |
| Short description | Singer and songwriter |
| Date of birth | December 13, 1989 |
| Place of birth | Reading, Pennsylvania, United States |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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| Leona Lewis | |
|---|---|
 Lewis at the 2009 American Music Awards |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Leona Louise Lewis |
| Born | (1985-04-03) 3 April 1985 (age 27) Islington, London, England, UK |
| Genres | Pop, R&B |
| Occupations | Singer-songwriter, recording artist |
| Years active | 2006–present |
| Labels | Syco, J, RCA |
| Website | leonalewismusic.co.uk |
Leona Louise Lewis (born 3 April 1985) is a British singer and songwriter.[1] Lewis came to prominence in 2006 when she won the third series of the British television series The X Factor.
Lewis has released two albums to date, Spirit and Echo, in 2007 and 2009 respectively. A multi-platinum selling artist and three-time Grammy Award nominee, her most successful single, "Bleeding Love", reached number one in over thirty countries around the world, and was the best-selling single worldwide in 2008.[2] Other notable singles include "Better in Time", "Happy" and "I Got You". She was proclaimed 'Top New Artist' by Billboard magazine in 2008.
Lewis's debut tour, The Labyrinth, took place in 2010, and her third album, Glassheart, is scheduled for release in 2012. It was preceded by "Collide", a single from the album, which became her seventh top-five hit in the United Kingdom. Lewis's net worth was estimated at £12 million in April 2012.[3]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Lewis was born in the London Borough of Islington, to Aural Josiah "Joe" Lewis of Afro-Guyanese descent, and Maria Lewis of Welsh, Irish, and Italian descent.[1][4][5] Her parents enrolled her at the Sylvia Young Theatre School. From there she attended the Italia Conti Academy and the BRIT School, where she learned to play instruments, such as the guitar and piano, in the hope of becoming a singer-songwriter.[6][7] Lewis wrote her first full-length song at the age of 12.[8] She initially trained in opera, but went on to singing jazz and blues, eventually leading to popular music, citing Minnie Riperton, Eva Cassidy and Stevie Wonder as her main influences.[5] After leaving the BRIT School at 17, following a year abroad in Boston, Massachusetts in a transfer program,[5] she took a number of jobs to fund studio time,[9] recording a demo album called Twilight.[10] The album, almost exclusively comprising her own compositions, was recorded under Spiral Music, a production company based in Fulham. "I tried to secure a record deal by doing things my own way. I worked very hard but I never managed to land a contract", said Lewis.[11] Other demos were recorded under licence from UEG Entertainment, later included on an album called Best Kept Secret.[12] None of Lewis's demos brought her significant attention, however, and she considered taking a hiatus from her music career to attend university. Then her boyfriend persuaded her to enter The X Factor which subsequently severed her connections with UEG.[13]
Music career[link]
[edit] 2006: The X Factor
Main article: The X Factor (UK series 3)
Lewis auditioned for the third series of The X Factor in 2006, singing "Over the Rainbow". She was mentored by Simon Cowell and was announced the winner on 16 December 2006, winning a £1 million recording contract.[14]
Her debut single, a cover of Kelly Clarkson's "A Moment Like This", was released on CD on 20 December 2006, and was available as a digital download from midnight on 17 December. It broke a world record after it was downloaded 50,000 times in thirty minutes.[15] On 24 December, "A Moment Like This" was crowned the 2006 UK Christmas number-one single, having sold 571,253 copies, outselling the rest of the Top 40's sales combined.[16] The single became the most downloaded song in 2006; it stayed at No. 1 for four weeks and stayed at the top spot in the Irish Singles Chart for six weeks.[17]
[edit] 2007–09: Spirit and international breakthrough
Main article: Spirit (Leona Lewis album)
In February 2007 Lewis signed a £5 million (US$9.7 million) five-album contract in the United States with Clive Davis's record label, J Records,[18] and showcased for several American music executives.[18][19][20] A press release described how Cowell and Davis would work together in a "first-of-its-kind" partnership on both the song and producer selection for Lewis's debut album, entitled Spirit.[21] Lewis recorded tracks for the album in London, Miami, Los Angeles, New York City, and Atlanta,[22] where she worked with several songwriters and record producers including Dallas Austin, Walter Afanasieff, Salaam Remi,[23] Steve Mac,[24] Stargate[25] and Ne-Yo.[26] It was released in November 2007 and entered both the Irish Albums Chart and the UK Albums Chart at number one, becoming the fastest-selling debut album in both countries, and the United Kingdom's fourth fastest selling album of all time.[27][28][29] It was released in several other nations in January 2008, and went to number one in New Zealand, Australia, Austria, Germany, South Africa and Switzerland.[30] Two more tracks were recorded in 2008 for the US release of the album: "Forgive Me", produced by Akon, and "Misses Glass", produced by Madd Scientist.[31] It was released in the United States in April 2008 and entered the Billboard 200 at No. 1, making Lewis the first British artist to reach number one with a debut album.[32] A special edition of Spirit was re-released in November 2008 in Europe, including the songs "Forgive Me", "Misses Glass" and a cover of the Snow Patrol song "Run". The album again went to number one in the UK Albums Chart. To date the album has sold over 6.5 million copies worldwide[33] and has a 9× platinum certification in the UK.[34]
Lewis's second single, "Bleeding Love", produced by Ryan Tedder and written by Tedder and Jesse McCartney, was released in October 2007 in the UK, where it sold 218,805 copies in its first week, giving it the biggest first-week sales of 2007 to date.[35][36] It entered the UK Singles Chart at number one, where it stayed for seven weeks,[37] and in the Irish Singles Chart it remained at number one for eight weeks.[38] It reached number one in the singles charts of New Zealand, Australia, France, Germany, Norway, Switzerland, Belgium, The Netherlands, Austria, Canada and the United States. "Bleeding Love" won The Record of the Year in December 2007.[39] In February 2008, "Bleeding Love" entered the Billboard Hot 100 at number 85 and then went on to peak at number one for four non-consecutive weeks. The song became the first track by a UK female to reach number one since Kim Wilde's "You Keep Me Hangin' On" in 1987.[40] Lewis's third single, a double A-side featuring "Better in Time" and "Footprints in the Sand", was released in the United Kingdom in March 2008, in aid of Sport Relief, and she visited South Africa for the charity.[41] The single reached a peak of number two in the UK singles chart selling over 40,000 copies in its first week of physical release. "Better in Time" was released as Lewis's second single in the US, where it peaked at number 11 in the Billboard Hot 100.[42] "Forgive Me" was released as Lewis's fifth single in November 2008; it reached number five in the UK.[43] "Run" was released as a download-only single in the UK, reaching number one, and becoming the UK's fastest-selling download-only single with 69,244 copies sold in two days.[44] Lewis's last single from Spirit, "I Will Be", was released in January 2009,[45] only in North America; it peaked at number 66 on the Billboard Hot 100. In August 2008, she performed "Whole Lotta Love" with guitarist Jimmy Page of Led Zeppelin at the 2008 Summer Olympics closing ceremony in Beijing, representing the handover to London as the host of the 2012 Summer Olympics.[46] In September 2008, she joined several female singers to perform a single for the anti-cancer campaign Stand Up to Cancer. The single, titled "Just Stand Up!", was performed live during the one-hour telethon that aired on all major US television networks.[47] Lewis received three nominations for the 51st Grammy Awards in December 2008. "Bleeding Love" was nominated for Record of the Year and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance and Spirit was nominated for Best Pop Vocal Album. She was nominated for four BRIT Awards, in the categories British Female Solo Artist, British Breakthrough Act, British Album for Spirit, and British Single for "Bleeding Love",[48] but despite being the favourite to win the most awards, she received none.[49] She won two awards at the 2008 MOBO Awards: Best Album for Spirit and Best Video for "Bleeding Love".[50] In December 2008 Lewis was named 'Top New Artist' by Billboard magazine.[51]
[edit] 2009–10: Echo and The Labyrinth
Main articles: Echo (Leona Lewis album) and The Labyrinth (tour)
Lewis's second album, Echo, was given a worldwide release in November 2009.[52] Production took place throughout 2009, including work with Ryan Tedder,[53] Justin Timberlake,[54] Max Martin,[55] Arnthor Birgisson,[56] Kevin Rudolf,[57] and John Shanks.[58] It was recorded in Los Angeles and took nine months to produce.[59] Lewis described the album as "more guitar-driven" compared to Spirit.[60] Lewis performed her first full UK show at the Hackney Empire in London on 2 November 2009, performing songs from Spirit and Echo.[61][62] Echo reached number one in the UK Albums Chart and the top ten of Austria, Ireland and Switzerland.[63] Despite previous attempts from Lewis's lawyers to ban the release of Best Kept Secret by UEG Music, claiming that the singer had not given her consent, the album was released in January 2009 when the label insisted it owned the rights to the music and Lewis would receive a 50% share of the album's profits. However, a television advert for the album was banned by the Advertising Standards Authority, who said in a statement: "We considered that the claim 'Leona Lewis's new album' misleadingly implied it was the singer's latest recording rather than a new CD of tracks recorded some years ago."[64] The album was released to iTunes in standard and deluxe editions, and two EPs, "Private Party" and "Dip Down"/"Joy", were released in September 2009. The first single released from Echo was "Happy", which was written by Lewis, Tedder and Evan Bogart and produced by Tedder.[65] The single was released on 15 September 2009,[66][67] peaking at number two in the UK,[68] and reaching the top ten in Austria, Belgium, Germany, Ireland, Japan and Switzerland.[69] Lewis also recorded the theme song for the 2009 science fiction film Avatar, directed by James Cameron.[70] The song, "I See You (Theme from Avatar)", was written by James Horner and Simon Franglen. It was nominated for Best Original Song at the 67th Golden Globe Awards.[71] In January 2010, Lewis provided vocals on a cover of "Everybody Hurts", released to help raise money for victims of the 2010 Haiti earthquake.[72] The second single from Echo, "I Got You", was released in February 2010. The song "My Hands" was used as the theme song for Final Fantasy XIII[73] In April 2010, she featured on a duet with Italian singer Biagio Antonacci, called "Inaspettata (Unexpected)", from his album Inaspettata.[74] They performed the song on the Italian TV show Io Canto on 22 October 2010.[75] Lewis performed a 13-piece set list at the Rock in Rio festival in Lisbon, Portugal, on 22 May 2010, including songs from Spirit and Echo.[76] Her first tour, titled The Labyrinth[77] supporting Spirit and Echo, started in May 2010,[78] with a theme based on the film Labyrinth.[79] Lewis was scheduled to tour North America from July to August 2010 supporting Christina Aguilera's Bionic Tour,[80] however, Aguilera cancelled the tour, leaving Lewis's plans unknown.[81] A DVD of the tour, along with a ten-track CD, was released with the title The Labyrinth Tour Live from The O2 on 29 November 2010.[82]
[edit] 2010–present: Hurt and Glassheart
Main articles: Hurt: The EP and Glassheart
Lewis began work on her third album shortly after she had completed The Labyrinth tour.[83] She suggested the album would be "a bit different from what people have heard" from her before, adding that she planned to "go in and create and just see what happens".[84] Lewis later described the album as "more progressive", "more eclectic", "more uptempo" and "a bit darker".[85] Reports suggested that the album had taken a dubstep direction, with songwriters asked to submit dance songs and no ballads.[86] It was also reported that Simon Cowell had set a deadline for the album for a summer 2011 release.[87] On 25 May 2011, Lewis was named as an ambassador for BBC Radio 1's Hackney Weekend 2012, the BBC's biggest ever free-ticketed live music event, and one of the artists confirmed to be performing at the event, which will take place on 23 and 24 June 2012.[88][89] Following the announcement, she performed a special Live Lounge at the Hackney Empire, with a reggae version of "Better in Time", which incorporated Rihanna's "Man Down", and a cover of Labrinth's "Let the Sun Shine".[90][91] In June 2011, when asked about the upcoming album, Lewis described it as "energetic, deep, [and] unique". She also commented that it would have a darker tone and that she would be putting her "heart into [her] lyrics". She cited Tracy Chapman, Kate Bush and Tears for Fears as the album's primary influences.[92]
On 14 July 2011, it was confirmed that "Collide" would be the first track to be taken from Lewis's third studio album, Glassheart. The dance-pop anthem, written by Autumn Rowe and produced by Sandy Vee, had its first UK radio play on The Scott Mills Show on BBC Radio 1 on 15 July 2011. It was released in the UK on 4 September 2011 and Germany on 9 September 2011.[93][94][95] The single courted controversy after it was plagiarised from Swedish musician Avicii's 2010 song "Penguin".[96] Berg took the case to the British High Court.[97][98] Collide debuted on the official UK top 40 singles chart at number 4.
For the album, Lewis has worked with numerous writers and producers including: Ammo, Jonas Quant, Chuck Harmony, Claude Kelly, Ryan Tedder, Fraser T. Smith, Al Shux, Steve Robson,[95] Dallas Austin,[87] Rico Love[99] and Ne-Yo.[100] In May 2011, it was reported that Lewis had recorded a track called "Trouble" written by Emeli Sandé and Naughty Boy. Lewis also recorded a track called "Mountains" written by Sandé, Naughty Boy and Blazin' Squad members Flava (James Murray) and Mus (Mustafa Omer).[99][101] It has been confirmed that the album is entitled Glassheart. Though originally announced to be released on 28 November in the UK, it has since been announced that the album will be released on 26 March 2012. However, it was later announced in January 2012 that the album would be delayed again to the 26 November 2012.[102]
On 7 October, RCA Music Group announced it was disbanding J Records along with Arista Records and Jive Records. With the shutdown, Lewis (and all other artists previously signed to these three labels) will release her future material (including Glassheart) on the RCA Records brand.[103][104]
On 29 October, Lewis performed as the featured performer for the closing of the 2011 Doha Film Festival, where she sang a setlist of ten songs, including 'Collide' and covers of OneRepublic's Apologize, Seal's Kiss from a Rose and Boney M's Rivers Of Babylon.[105]
Before the release of Glassheart, Lewis released an EP on 9 December 2011, entitled Hurt: The EP, containing three covers as a holiday gift for her fans.[106] On 22 December, Lewis performed a version of Snow Patrol's "Run" at the season finale of the U.S. X Factor.[107][108] It was announced on 25 January 2012 that the album would be delayed again until late November 2012.[109]
Artistry[link]
Voice[link]
A mezzo-soprano,[110][111] Lewis is often compared with other singers such as Celine Dion, Whitney Houston[112] and Mariah Carey.[113] Lewis is also known to sing opera, stating that she practises operatic scales every week.[112] Music critic Neil McCormick, of The Daily Telegraph, has praised Lewis's technical skills, writing, "Her mezzo-soprano range allows her to take melodies from luxurious low notes to high-flying falsetto, gliding with elegant power and impressive control through all kinds of fluctuations and modulations."[110] Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic adds, "Lewis can hit [high belted] notes but make it seem easy, never straining her voice and building nicely to the climax."[114] In the same vein, Slant describes Lewis's vocals as "technically unimpeachable".[115]
Influences[link]
Lewis credits Mariah Carey and Whitney Houston as her major influences. She said, "when I was growing up I used to listen to Whitney Houston, Mariah Carey, those kind of big powerful kind of singers so that influences a lot my music and a lot of the songs I like to sing."[116]
Other activities[link]
In October 2008, The Times reported that Lewis had turned down a seven-figure sum from Mohamed Al Fayed to open a Harrods sale. Lewis commented in the press that she turned down the deal on the grounds that Harrods is the only UK department store which continues to stock clothing made from animal fur.[117] "It wasn't a million pounds that I was offered, as the papers reported, but even if it had been, I still would have turned it down."[118] "I got a lot of flak for that. There were people who said I should have done it and given the money to charity, but that would have been such a contradiction."[119] She announced in October 2008 that she was in the "bargaining period" of launching her own ethical line of accessories through Topshop,[5][117] and that she was in the late stages of releasing her own perfume for Europe.[120] Her perfume, Leona Lewis, was launched by LR in July 2009.[121] In 2010, she set up a fashion company with her then boyfriend, Lou Al-Chamaa, called LOA Clothing Ltd.[122]
Lewis signed a book deal in January 2009 to release an illustrated autobiography in October 2009. The book, entitled Dreams, contains mostly pictures taken by photographer Dean Freeman.[123] In May 2012, Lewis returned to The X Factor as a guest judge during auditions in London for the ninth series.[124]
Personal life[link]
Lewis lives in Hackney. She lived with her boyfriend Lou Al-Chamaa, former electrician turned A&R scout for Sony records, until their split in June 2010.[125] Lewis and Al-Chamaa knew each other since she was approximately ten years old.[126] A vegetarian since she was 12,[23] Lewis won PETA's Sexiest Vegetarian along with Red Hot Chili Peppers frontman Anthony Kiedis in 2008,[127] and Europe's Sexiest Vegetarian in 2009 with actor Scott Maslen.[128] She also was named PETA's Person Of The Year for 2008.[129] Lewis is a supporter of the World Society for the Protection of Animals[130] and is a patron of Brentwood's Hopefield Animal Sanctuary.[131]
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At a book signing for Dreams on 14 October 2009 at the Piccadilly branch of Waterstone's book store in central London, Lewis was assaulted by a 29-year-old man from south London[132][133] who was arrested at the scene;[133] Lewis suffered bruising.[134] The assailant was sectioned under the Mental Health Act[133] and was charged with common assault,[134] He admitted to the offence and was hospitalised for an indeterminate period.[135]
Discography[link]
Main article: Leona Lewis discography
- Albums
- 2007: Spirit
- 2009: Echo
- 2012: Glassheart
Tours[link]
- 2010: The Labyrinth
Awards and nominations[link]
Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Leona Lewis
References[link]
- ^ a b Lewis, Leona (2009). Dreams. Hodder & Stoughton. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-340-91899-9.
- ^ Leona Lewis - Music Lounge ABC. Retrieved 25 December 2011
- ^ http://www.people.co.uk/news/uk-world-news/2012/04/15/1-katie-price-33-reality-tv-45m-5m-102039-23825141/
- ^ "Winner Leona proud to be Hackney girl". Hackney Gazette. 22 December 2006. http://www.hackneygazette.co.uk/content/hackney/gazette/news/story.aspx?brand=HKYGOnline&category=news&tBrand=northlondon24&tCategory=newshkyg&itemid=WeED22%20Dec%202006%2010%3A42%3A29%3A740. Retrieved 1 May 2009.
- ^ a b c d Ellen, Barbara (25 October 2009). "Leona Lewis: "I'm no pushover!"". The Guardian (London: Guardian Media Group). http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2009/oct/25/leona-lewis-interview-barbara-ellen. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
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- ^ Cable, Simon (8 May 2009). "From Hackney to Hollywood: Leona Lewis swaps her scruffy two-bed flat for a £1.5m villa in the sunshine". Daily Mail (London). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1178507/From-Hackney-Hollywood-Leona-Lewis-swaps-scruffy-bed-flat-1-5m-villa-sunshine.html.
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- ^ "Inaspettata (Deluxe Edition) di Biagio Antonacci" (in Italian). iTunes. http://itunes.apple.com/it/preorder/inaspettata-unexpected/id363563367?i=363563414. Retrieved 12 April 2010.
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- ^ TOUR EXCLUSIVE: We talk to Leona! | News | Leona Lewis | United Kingdom
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- ^ a b Piper, Dean (25 July 2010). "Bleeding lovelorn". Daily Mirror (London: Trinity Mirror). http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/top-stories/2010/07/25/bleeding-lovelorn-115875-22438338/. Retrieved 25 July 2010.
- ^ "Radio 1 unveils free Olympic music festival in Hackney". Newsbeat (London: BBC Online). 23 May 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/13477856. Retrieved 23 May 2011.
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- ^ "Radio 1 and 1Xtra 2012 announcement!". Trevor Nelson. 23 May 2011. BBC. BBC Radio 1 and BBC Radio 1Xtra. http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0117jyx. Retrieved 23 May 2011.
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- ^ "Collide". Amazon (Amazon). http://www.amazon.de/Collide-Leona-Lewis/dp/B005FNWHEE/ref=sr_1_1?s=music&ie=UTF8&qid=1313439441&sr=1-1. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
- ^ Published Thursday, 14 Jul 2011, 11:12 am EDT (14 July 2011). "Leona Lewis announces new single 'Collide' – Music News". Digital Spy. http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a329876/leona-lewis-announces-new-single-collide.html. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
- ^ a b "Global Singing Superstar Leona Lewis Is Back With New Single". RCA Music Group (Sony Music Entertainment). 15 July 2011. http://www.rcamusicgroup.com/news/global-singing-superstar-leona-lewis-back-new-single. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
- ^ "Leona Lewis Accused of Plagiarism on ‘Collide’". Popcrush.com. 19 July 2011. http://popcrush.com/leona-lewis-accused-of-plagiarism-on-collide. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
- ^ "Leona Lewis plagiarism row heats up: Singer Lewis headed for High Court over new single which Ministry of Sound producer says copies his track". Daily Mail. 8 August 2011. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2022886/Leona-Lewis-taken-court-new-single-Collide-Ministry-Sound-plagiarism-row.html?ito=feeds-newsxml. Retrieved 9 August 2011.
- ^ "X Factor winner faces high court battle to release new single". The Guardian. 8 August 2011. http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2011/aug/04/leona-lewis-single-challenged-court. Retrieved 9 August 2011.
- ^ a b Daniels, Colin (1 May 2011). "Leona Lewis 'records songs about split'". Digital Spy (London: Hachette Filipacchi UK). http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a317278/leona-lewis-records-songs-about-split.html. Retrieved 1 May 2011.
- ^ "New baby for Ne-Yo". MTV. 27 June 2010. http://www.mtv.co.uk/artists/ne-yo/news/228551-new-baby-for-ne-yo. Retrieved 6 July 2010.
- ^ "TROUBLE (PIANO VERSION) + MOUNTAINS". ASCAP (ASCAP). http://www.ascap.com/ace/search.cfm?requesttimeout=300&mode=results&searchstr=2546968&search_in=c&search_type=exact&search_det=t,s,w,p,b,v&results_pp=25&start=1.
- ^ "Glassheart: Leona Lewis: Amazon.co.uk: Music". Amazon.co.uk. 9 September 2009. http://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B005GRTNXC. Retrieved 18 November 2011.
- ^ "RCA's New Executive Team Named Under CEO Peter Edge Amid Layoffs (Update)". Billboard.biz. 23 August 2011. http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/industry/record-labels/rca-s-new-executive-team-named-under-ceo-1005324782.story. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
- ^ "Radio Industry News, Music Industry Updates, Arbitron Ratings, Music News and more!". FMQB. http://www.fmqb.com/article.asp?id=2268707. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
- ^ Leona Lews: Doha Tribeca Film Festival Metro. Retrieved 25 December 2011
- ^ Leona Lewis unveils 'Hurt' EP tracklisting, artwork Digital Spy. Retrieved 25 December 2011
- ^ Simon Cowell's protege Leona Lewis lights up the stage at the X Factor USA final Daily Mail. Retrieved 25 December 2011
- ^ Leona Lewis takes the stage on "The X Factor" CBS. Retrieved 25 December 2011
- ^ http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a361974/leona-lewis-delays-release-of-third-album-glassheart.html
- ^ a b McCormick, Neil (13 November 2009). "Leona Lewis: Echo, CD review". The Daily Telegraph (London: Telegraph Media Group). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/cdreviews/6563377/Leona-Lewis-Echo-CD-review.html. Retrieved 17 June 2010.
- ^ Corner, Lewis (4 September 2011). "Leona Lewis Feat. Avicii – Collide Review". Digital Spy. http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/singlesreviews/a336416/leona-lewis-ft-avicii-collide-single-review.html. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ a b Mendoza, Nadia (3 December 2009). "Voice of an angel gives stunning performance". The Sun (London: News Group Newspapers). http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/showbiz/music/2757375/Voice-of-an-angel-Leona-Lewis-gives-stunning-performance-for-Radio-2-live-session.html. Retrieved 17 June 2010.
- ^ Farber, Jim (8 April 2008). "U.K.'s answer to Mariah Carey: Leona Lewis". Daily News (New York: Mortimer Zuckerman). http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/music/2008/04/08/2008-04-08_uks_answer_to_mariah_carey_leona_lewis.html. Retrieved 7 November 2010.
- ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Spirit > Overview". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/album/r1270047. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
- ^ "Leona Lewis: Echo | Music Review". Slant Magazine. 17 November 2009. http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/review/leona-lewis-echo/1913. Retrieved 6 September 2010.
- ^ "Who influenced Leona Lewis?". MTV Base. 17 March 2009. http://www.mtvbase.com/news/WHO-INFLUENCED-LEONA-LEWIS-2020/. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
- ^ a b "Leona Lewis rejects Harrods offer for vegetarian beliefs". Marie Claire. 9 October 2008. http://www.marieclaire.co.uk/news/celebrity/276809/leona-lewis-rejects-harrods-offer-for-vegetarian-beliefs.html. Retrieved 28 July 2009.
- ^ Lewis, leona. Leona: Dreams. Hodder & Stoughton (15 October 2009.
- ^ The 3AM Girls (7 September 2009). "Leona Lewis snubs Harrods' opening because they stock fur". Daily Mirror (Trinity Mirror). http://www.mirror.co.uk/celebs/news/2009/09/07/leona-lewis-snubs-harrods-opening-because-they-stock-fur-115875-21654160/. Retrieved 7 September 2009.
- ^ "Leona Lewis To Launch Perfume". MTV.co.uk. 15 January 2009. http://www.mtv.co.uk/artists/leona-lewis/news/91014-leona-lewis-to-launch-perfume. Retrieved 28 July 2009.
- ^ "Leona Lewis LR for women". Fragrantica. http://www.fragrantica.com/perfume/LR/Leona-Lewis-6645.html. Retrieved 18 February 2011.
- ^ Moodie, Clemmie (18 February 2011). "Leona Lewis’s clothing business is slow to take off". Daily Mirror (London: Trinity Mirror). http://www.mirror.co.uk/celebs/news/2011/02/18/leona-s-tale-of-rags-to-bitches-115875-22930864/. Retrieved 18 February 2011.
- ^ "Leona Lewis to pen autobiography". BBC News. 6 January 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7813178.stm. Retrieved 30 July 2009.
- ^ Sheridan, Emily (26 May 2012). "Back to where it all began: 2006 winner Leona Lewis returns to The X Factor as a guest judge". Daily Mail (Associated Newspapers). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2150355/Leona-Lewis-returns-The-X-Factor-guest-judge.html. Retrieved 28 May 2012.
- ^ Johnson, Chris (21 June 2010). "Bleeding Love: Leona Lewis splits with childhood sweetheart". Daily Mail (London). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1288170/Leona-Lewis-splits-childhood-sweetheart.html. Retrieved 21 June 2010.
- ^ Das, Lina (23 October 2007). "Leona Lewis on fame, fear of failure". Daily Mail (London). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-488705/X-Factor-superstar-Leona-Lewis-fame-fear-failure-pressures-Simon-Cowells-biggest-hope.html. Retrieved 24 July 2008.
- ^ "Leona Lewis and Anthony Kiedis Voted World's Sexiest Vegetarian Celebrities of 2008". PETA. 16 June 2008. http://www.peta.org/feat_sexiest_vegetarians_alive.asp. Retrieved 24 July 2008.
- ^ "Leona Lewis and Scott Maslen Voted World's Sexiest Vegetarian Celebrities of 2009". PETA. 22 June 2009. http://www.peta.org.uk/feat/FeatureSexiestVegetarianCelebrity.asp. Retrieved 22 June 2009.
- ^ "Leona Lewis Named PETA’s Person of the Year 2008". PETA. 16 December 2008. http://blog.peta.org.uk/2008/leona-lewis-named-petas-person-of-the-year-2008. Retrieved 28 July 2009.
- ^ "WSPA Interview with Top International Singer Leona Lewis". World Society for the Protection of Animals. http://www.wspa-usa.org/pages/2975_wspa_interview_with_top_international_singer_leona_lewis.cfm. Retrieved 29 October 2009.
- ^ "Hopefield Patrons and Trustees". Hopefield Animal Sanctuary. http://www.hopefield.org.uk/patrons-and-trustees/. Retrieved 18 November 2011.
- ^ "Leona Lewis 'punched' at signing". BBC News. 14 October 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8307616.stm. Retrieved 14 October 2009.
- ^ a b c "Man sectioned over Lewis assault". BBC News. 15 October 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8309717.stm. Retrieved 15 October 2009.
- ^ a b Nathan, Sara (16 October 2009). "Brave Leona Lewis ventures out for the first time as it emerges man charged with punching her was an X Factor reject". Daily Mail (London: Associated Newspapers). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1220415/Leona-Lewis-tears-punched-face-male-fan-book-signing.html. Retrieved 16 October 2009.
- ^ "Man detained over attack on Leona Lewis". BBC News. 14 December 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/8412174.stm. Retrieved 16 December 2009.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Leona Lewis |
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Leona Lewis |
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Book: Leona Lewis |
| Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print. | |
- Official website
- Leona Lewis at Allmusic
- Leona Lewis at the Internet Movie Database
- Leona Lewis's channel on YouTube
- Leona Lewis on Twitter
| Preceded by Shayne Ward |
Winner of The X Factor 2006 |
Succeeded by Leon Jackson |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Lewis, Leona |
| Alternative names | Lewis, Leona Louise |
| Short description | English singer–songwriter |
| Date of birth | 3 April 1985 |
| Place of birth | Islington, London, England |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Carly Rae Jepsen | |
|---|---|
 Jepsen performing on Canada Day in 2010 |
|
| Background information | |
| Born | (1985-11-21) November 21, 1985 (age 26) Mission, British Columbia, Canada |
| Genres | Pop, pop rock |
| Occupations | Singer-songwriter |
| Years active | 2007–present |
| Labels | 604 (2008–present) Schoolboy/Interscope (2012–present) |
| Website | carlyraemusic.com |
Carly Rae Jepsen (born November 21, 1985) is a Canadian recording artist and singer-songwriter from Mission, British Columbia. In 2007, she placed third in the fifth season of Canadian Idol, and was a part of the Canadian Idol Top 3 concert tour.[1]
Shortly after competing on Idol, she signed to Fontana and MapleMusic, and released her debut album, Tug of War, on September 30, 2008. Three years later, she released a new single, entitled "Call Me Maybe", which was released by 604 Records, and was followed by the release of her debut extended play, Curiosity, on February 14, 2012. "Call Me Maybe" was met with much success, reaching the Top 5 on the Billboard Hot 100 and reaching the number 1 spot on the Canadian Hot 100. The single also went to number 1 in Australia, Ireland and the United Kingdom. Jepsen signed with Interscope Records in 2012.
Contents |
Life and career[link]
Jepsen attended Heritage Park Secondary School in Mission, British Columbia and has since performed there post-graduation. She later attended the Canadian College of Performing Arts in Victoria, BC before auditioning for Canadian Idol. After completing the Canadian Idol tour, Jepsen retreated to B.C. to focus on writing, recording and completing her band. Her demos attracted attention and she was eventually signed a joint management deal with Simkin Artist Management and Dexter Entertainment. A deal with Fontana/Maple Music quickly followed, leading Jepsen into the studio with producer/writer Ryan Stewart.[2]
[edit] 2008–11: Tug of War
On June 16, 2008, Jepsen released her debut single and another single, a cover of John Denver's song "Sunshine On My Shoulders". It is the only cover song on her debut album.[3] On July 21, 2008, Jepsen added two new songs from the album to her MySpace page: "Bucket" and "Heavy Lifting". In August 2008, Jepsen's MySpace page announced that the album's title would be Tug of War, and it was released on September 30, 2008. The page also mentioned two more songs that were included on the album: "Tug of War" and "Sweet Talker". The former was released as a single on iTunes on September 16, 2008, and has been receiving radio airplay on various stations across Canada. She performed the latter as her Canadian Idol audition.[4]
A music video for "Tug of War" was released in January 2009. "Bucket", her second single, was released in May 2009, and the video for "Sour Candy", a duet with Josh Ramsay of Marianas Trench who has also help produce some of her songs including Call Me Maybe, has also been released. All of Jepsen's music videos have been directed by Ben Knechtel. In spring 2009, she toured western Canada with Marianas Trench and Shiloh.[5] She then went on a cross-Canada tour with Marianas Trench, The New Cities and Mission District.
[edit] 2012–present: Curiosity
Jepsen's second album Curiosity was released on February 14, 2012. It was produced by Ryan Stewart and Kevin James Maher produced the track "Dear Julien". On the same day as the release, Justin Bieber made the announcement on the MuchMusic program New Music Live that Jepsen has been signed to Schoolboy Records, the label run by Justin Bieber's manager, Scooter Braun.[6] The lead single, "Call Me Maybe" (which gained notoriety after "Primetime" Sam Roberts played the track during "After Opie and Anthony Live" on SiriusXM Satellite Radio) is from her second studio album Curiosity was released on September 21, 2011 and was produced by Josh Ramsay of Marianas Trench and co-written by Jepsen, Ramsay and Tavish Crowe. "Call Me Maybe" is the first song by a Canadian artist to reach the top of the digital chart since Justin Bieber's “Baby” in January 2010. It is also only the 11th song by a Canadian artist to reach No. 1 on the Digital Songs chart since Nielsen SoundScan began tracking digital download sales in 2005. The song has also peaked at #1 on Billboard's Canadian Hot 100, being the 4th Canadian artist to do so, after Avril Lavigne's "Girlfriend", Nikki Yanofsky's "I Believe", and the Young Artists for Haiti version of "Wavin' Flag", originally by Canadian rapper K'naan.[7] Jepsen is currently touring on the Shout it Out World Tour. She is the opening act for the pop-rock trio Hanson. In February 2012, Jepsen visited Justin Bieber and Scooter Braun in Los Angeles, California, where she subsequently signed to Schoolboy Records and Interscope. Her music will still be distributed by 604 Records in Canada. On March 23, 2012, Jepsen made her first American television debut on The Ellen DeGeneres Show, performing "Call Me Maybe" (with Jared Manierka on keys), later joined by Justin Bieber. Carly was also the first Canadian Idol contestant to enter the UK charts, when Call Me Maybe debuted at #1. Carly played at Citywalk at Universal Studios on April 14 2012. 400 people who paid $5 were allowed to meet with the singer and get CDs autographed by her.
Jepsen, 26, has been criticized in the press for dressing "too young" for her age in an effort to appeal to the pre-teen demographic.[8][9]
On May 20th, 2012 Jepsen performed "Call Me Maybe" at the 2012 Billboard Music Awards. On May 22th, 2012 she performed "Tug of War", "Curiosity", and "Call Me Maybe" at the first Q102 Springle Ball concert.
[edit] Canadian Idol performances
| Episode | Song choice | Original artist | Order # | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Audition | "Sweet Talker" | Carly Rae Jepsen | N/A | Advanced |
| Top 80 | "I Try" | Macy Gray | Duets | Advanced |
| Top 40 | "Breathe (2 AM)" | Anna Nalick | N/A | Advanced |
| Top 22 | "Put Your Records On" | Corinne Bailey Rae | 11 | Advanced |
| Top 18 | "Sweet Ones" | Sarah Slean | 4 | Advanced |
| Top 14 | "Waiting in Vain" | Bob Marley & The Wailers | 3 | Advanced |
| Top 10 | "Inside and Out" | Bee Gees | 3 | Bottom 3 |
| Top 9 | "Georgia on My Mind" | Hoagy Carmichael | 5 | Safe |
| Top 8 | "Torn" | Ednaswap | 7 | Safe |
| Top 7 | "Killer Queen" | Queen | 3 | Bottom 3 |
| Top 6 | "Come To My Window" | Melissa Etheridge | 4 | Bottom 3 |
| Top 5 | "Chuck E's in Love" | Rickie Lee Jones | 4 | Safe |
| Top 4 | "My Heart Belongs to Daddy" | Mary Martin | 1 | Safe |
| "I Got It Bad (and That Ain't Good)" | Ivie Anderson | 5 | ||
| Top 3 | "At Seventeen" | Janis Ian | 3 | Eliminated |
| "White Flag" | Dido | 6 |
Discography[link]
Main article: Carly Rae Jepsen discography
Studio albums[link]
- Tug of War (2008)
Extended plays[link]
- Curiosity (2012)
Tours[link]
Opening act
- Justin Bieber – Believe Tour (North American dates) (2012)
Filmography[link]
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2007 | Canadian Idol | Herself (Contestant) | Season 5/Eliminated 3rd |
Awards and nominations[link]
| Year | Association | Category | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 | Canadian Radio Music Awards[10] | Song of the Year, "Tug of War" | Won |
| Western Canadian Music Awards[11] | Song of the Year, "Tug of War" | Nominated | |
| Juno Awards[12] | New Artist of the Year | Nominated | |
| Juno Awards[12] | Songwriter of the Year (With Ryan Stewart) | Nominated | |
| Much Music Video Awards | UR FAVE New Artist | Nominated | |
| 2012 | Much Music Video Awards[13] | Video of the Year, "Call Me Maybe" | Pending |
| Much Music Video Awards[13] | Pop Video of the Year, "Call Me Maybe" | Pending | |
| Much Music Video Awards[13] | UR Fave Video, "Call Me Maybe" | Pending | |
| Much Music Video Awards[13] | UR Fave Artist | Pending |
References[link]
- ^ Carly Rae Jepsen. CTV.ca (2008-01-22). Retrieved on 2012-04-16.
- ^ Carly Rae Jepsen "MySpace". http://www.myspace.com/carlyraemusic Carly Rae Jepsen. Retrieved 2012-04-16.
- ^ Carly Rae has 'sunshine on her shoulders'. CTV.ca (2008-07-08). Retrieved on 2012-04-16.
- ^ Carly's ''Canadian Idol'' Audition. Youtube.com. Retrieved on 2012-04-16.
- ^ Carly's MySpace Blog April 3, 2009. Blogs.myspace.com. Retrieved on 2012-04-16.
- ^ Bieber's record label signs Carly Rae Jepsen. Toronto Sun. Retrieved on 2012-04-16.
- ^ The 4th Canadian Single to Top the Canadian Billboard Hot 100 « Canadian Music Blog. Musiccanada.wordpress.com (2012-02-05). Retrieved on 2012-04-16.
- ^ "Carly Rae Jepsen Age Confusion: The 26-Year-Old Who Dresses Like A Tween (PHOTOS)". Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/05/21/carly-rae-jepsen-age-style_n_1533302.html?ref=topbar. Retrieved 2012-05-21.
- ^ "Did Carly Rae Jepsen Dress Too Young For Her Age At The Billboard Awards?". Crushable. http://crushable.com/entertainment/did-carly-rae-jepsen-dress-too-young-for-her-age-at-the-billboard-music-awards-580/. Retrieved 2012-05-21.
- ^ Canadian Music Week – 2010 CRMA Nominees. cmw.net
- ^ Jepsen's MySpace Blog January 27, 2010. Blogs.myspace.com (2010-01-27). Retrieved on 2012-04-16.
- ^ a b Michael Bublé, Drake, Justin Bieber, AND 'premier rock legends' as Junos announce 2010 nominees, performers. newsodrome.com
- ^ a b c d "Marianas Trench leads with seven nominations at the 2012 MMVAs | 2012 MuchMusic Video Awards". Mmva.muchmusic.com. 2012-05-15. http://mmva.muchmusic.com/marianas-trench-leads-with-seven-nominations-at-the-2012-mmvas/. Retrieved 2012-05-21.
External links[link]
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Jepsen, Carly Rae |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Canadian Artist |
| Date of birth | November 21, 1985 |
| Place of birth | Vancouver |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Carly_Rae_Jepsen
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Carly Rae Jepsen
http://cs.wn.com/Carly Rae Jepsen
http://id.wn.com/Carly Rae Jepsen
http://es.wn.com/Carly Rae Jepsen
http://ru.wn.com/Джепсен, Карли Рэй
http://nl.wn.com/Carly Rae Jepsen
http://pt.wn.com/Carly Rae Jepsen
http://pl.wn.com/Carly Rae Jepsen
http://fr.wn.com/Carly Rae Jepsen
http://de.wn.com/Carly Rae Jepsen
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carly_Rae_Jepsen
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Nigel Farage MEP |
|
|---|---|
 |
|
| Leader of the United Kingdom Independence Party | |
| Incumbent | |
| Assumed office 5 November 2010 |
|
| Preceded by | Jeffrey Titford |
| In office 27 September 2006 – 27 November 2009 |
|
| Preceded by | Roger Knapman |
| Succeeded by | Lord Pearson of Rannoch |
| Member of the European Parliament for South East England |
|
| Incumbent | |
| Assumed office 15 July 1999 |
|
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1964-04-03) 3 April 1964 (age 48) Kent, England, United Kingdom |
| Nationality | British |
| Political party | UK Independence Party |
| Spouse(s) | Gráinne Hayes (1988-1997, divorced) Kirsten Mehr (1999-present) |
| Children | 4 |
| Alma mater | Dulwich College |
| Religion | Church of England |
| Website | Nigel Farage MEP |
Nigel Paul Farage (
/ˈfærɑːʒ/, FARR-ahzh;[1] born 3 April 1964, Farnborough, Kent), is a British politician and is the Leader of the UK Independence Party (UKIP),[2] a position he also held from September 2006 to November 2009. He is a Member of the European Parliament for South East England and co-chairs the Eurosceptic Europe of Freedom and Democracy group.
Farage is a founding member of the UKIP, having left the Conservative Party in 1992 after they signed the Maastricht Treaty. Having unsuccessfully campaigned in European and Westminster parliamentary elections for UKIP since 1994, he gained a seat as an MEP for South East England in the 1999 European Parliament Election — the first year the regional list system was used — and was re-elected in 2004 and 2009. Farage describes himself as a libertarian and rejects the notion that he is a conservative.
In September 2006, Farage became the UKIP Leader and led the party through the 2009 European Parliament Election in which it received the second highest share of the popular vote, defeating Labour and the Liberal Democrats with over two million votes. However he stepped down in November 2009 to concentrate on contesting the Speaker John Bercow's seat of Buckingham in the 2010 general election.
At the 2010 General Election, Farage failed to unseat John Bercow and received only the third highest share of the vote in the constituency. Shortly after the polls opened on 6 May 2010, Nigel Farage was injured in an aircraft crash in Northamptonshire. The two-seated PZL-104 Wilga 35A had been towing a pro-UKIP banner when it flipped over and crashed shortly after takeoff. Both Farage and the pilot were hospitalised with non-life-threatening injuries.[3]
In November 2010, Farage successfully stood in the 2010 UKIP leadership contest,[4] following the resignation of its leader, Lord Pearson of Rannoch. Farage was also ranked 41st (out of 100) in The Daily Telegraph's Top 100 most influential right-wingers poll in October 2009, citing his media savvy and his success with UKIP in the European Elections.[5] Farage was ranked 58th in the 2010 list compiled by Iain Dale and Brian Brivati for the Daily Telegraph.
Contents |
Background[link]
Farage was educated at Dulwich College before joining a commodity brokerage firm in London. He ran his own brokerage business from the early 1990s until 2002. In his early 20s Farage was diagnosed with testicular cancer but made a full recovery.[6]
Farage has been married twice. He married Gráinne Hayes in 1988, with whom he had two children: Samuel (1989) and Thomas (1991). In 1999 he married Kirsten Mehr, a German national, by whom he has two more children, Victoria (born 2000) and Isabelle (born 2005).[7]
Farage has also penned his own memoirs, entitled "Fighting Bull." It outlines the founding of UKIP and his personal and political life so far.
Political career[link]
Conservative Party[link]
Active in the Conservative Party from his school days, Farage left the party in 1992 when John Major's government signed the Treaty on European Union at Maastricht.
UKIP and the European Parliament[link]
Farage became a founding member of UKIP in 1993.
He was elected to the European Parliament in 1999 and re-elected in 2004 and 2009. Farage is presently the leader of the thirteen-member UKIP contingent in the European Parliament, and co-leader of the multinational eurosceptic group, Europe of Freedom and Democracy.
UKIP party leadership[link]
On 12 September 2006, Farage was elected leader of UKIP with 45% of the vote, 20% ahead of his nearest rival.[8] He pledged to bring discipline to the party and to maximise UKIP's representation in local, parliamentary and other elections.[citation needed] In a PM programme interview on BBC Radio 4 that day he pledged to end the public perception of UKIP as a single-issue party and to work with allied politicians in the Better Off Out campaign, committing himself not to stand against the MPs who have signed up to that campaign (ten in all at this moment).
At his maiden speech to the UKIP conference on 8 October 2006, he told delegates that the party was "at the centre-ground of British public opinion" and the "real voice of opposition". Farage said: "We've got three social democratic parties in Britain — Labour, Lib Dem and Conservative are virtually indistinguishable from each other on nearly all the main issues" and "you can't put a cigarette paper between them and that is why there are nine million people who don't vote now in general elections that did back in 1992."[9]
At 10pm on 19 October 2006, Farage took part in a three-hour live interview and phone-in with James Whale on national radio station talkSPORT. Four days later, Whale announced on his show his intention to stand as UKIP's candidate in the 2008 London Mayoral Election. Farage said that Whale "not only has guts, but an understanding of what real people think". However Whale later decided not to stand and UKIP was represented by Gerard Batten.[10] He stood again for UKIP leadership in 2010 after his successor Lord Pearson stood down.[4] On the 5th November 2010 it was announced Farage had won the leadership contest.[11]
Westminster elections[link]
Farage had unsuccessfully contested UK parliamentary elections for UKIP five times, both before and after his election as an MEP in 1999. Under the 2002 European Union decision to forbid MEPs from holding a dual mandate, if he was ever elected to the House of Commons, he would have to resign his seat as an MEP.
When he contested the Bromley & Chislehurst constituency in a May 2006 by-election, organised after the sitting MP representing it, eurosceptic Conservative Eric Forth, died, Farage came third, winning 8% of the vote, beating the Labour Party candidate. This was the second-best by-election result recorded by UKIP out of 25 results, and the first time since the Liverpool Walton by-election in 1991 that a party in government had been pushed into fourth place in a parliamentary by-election on mainland Britain.
2010 UK General election[link]
On 4 September 2009 Farage resigned as leader of UKIP to concentrate on his campaign to become Member of Parliament for Buckingham at Westminster in the 2010 general election.[12] He later told Times journalist Camilla Long that UKIP internal fights took up too much time.[13]
He stood against Buckingham MP John Bercow, the newly elected Speaker of the House of Commons, despite a convention that the speaker, as a political neutral, is not normally challenged in his or her bid for re-election by any of the major parties.[14]
On 6 May, on the morning the polls opened in the election, just before eight o'clock Farage was involved in a light aircraft crash, suffering injuries described as non-life-threatening. A spokesperson told the BBC that "it was unlikely Mr Farage would be discharged from hospital today [6 May][15] Although his injuries were originally described as minor, his sternum and ribs were broken, and his lung punctured.[16] The Air Accident Investigation Branch (AAIB) report said that the aeroplane was towing a banner, which caught in the tailplane, forcing the nose down.[17]
Farage came third with 8,401 votes. Bercow was re-elected, and in second place with 10,331 votes was John Stevens, a former Conservative MEP who campaigned as an independent accompanied by "Flipper the Dolphin" (a reference to MPs flipping second homes).[18]
On 1 December 2010, the pilot of the aircraft involved in the accident was charged with threatening to kill Farage. He was also charged with threatening to kill an AAIB official involved in the investigation into the accident.[19] In April 2011, Justin Adams was found guilty of making death threats. The judge said the defendant was "clearly extremely disturbed" at the time the offences happened adding "He is a man who does need help. If I can find a way of giving him help I will."[20]
Alternative Vote referendum, May 2011[link]
Farage declared himself personally in favour of the Alternative Vote system of May 2011, saying first-past-the-post is a "nightmare" for UKIP. However, the party's stance has to be decided by its central policy making committee.[21]
May 2012 London Mayor & Local elections[link]
In a "bizarre cock-up," UKIP forgot to put their party name on their candidate's ballot paper for the London mayoral election, 2012[22], Laurence Webb appearing as "A fresh choice for London." Farage admitted the mistake describing it as an internal error.[22]
Interviewed by the following Sunday by Andrew Neil and asked about "the game plan", Farage welcomed the "average 13% vote" across the country, and stated that the party was preparing for County council in 2013, European elections in 2014 and a general election in 2015.[23] The party was no longer just a protest vote, it would have a full manifesto with policies including selective schools, help to small businesses by "getting rid of excessive labour practices" and an energy policy not based on wind turbines.[23] UKIP was here to stay ..frankly the Tory Eurosceptics were in the wrong party and would be better off joining UKIP. Asked what would happen to UKIP if the Tories made a Manifesto commitment to a European referendum, Farage said they had already failed to honour a "cast iron" commitment for a referendum on the Lisbon treaty.[23]
Challenging Farange's viewpoint, Neil said UKIP aspired to come top of the European elections but whilst UKIP wanted to join the big time, they were still seen as "unprofessional, amateur and even unacceptable" after their press officer called Baroness Warsi "a bitch".[23] Farage regretted "the wrong choice of words" but further described Warsi as "the lowest grade chairman the Tory party has ever had."[23] Neil then mocked the so called internal error which had made Farage "a joke".[23] "The blunt truth is" UKIP "didn't win any more seats, the performance in London was terrible and they were still a one man band."[23] Farage conceded London was a failure but they had won council seats elsewhere. He invited Tories who couldn't stand Cameron to help him.[23]
Controversies and whistleblowing[link]
Copyright infringement[link]
In 1999 the BBC spent four months filming a documentary about his European elections campaign but didn't show it. Farage, then head of UKIP's South East office, asked for a video and got friends to make illegal copies which were sold for £5 through the UKIP magazine. Surrey Trading Standards investigated and Farage has admitted the offence.[24]
Expenses disclosure[link]
In May 2009, The Guardian reported that Farage had said in a speech to the Foreign Press Association that over ten years as a member of the European Parliament he received £2 million of taxpayers' money in staff, travel, and other expenses on top of his £64,000 a year salary.[25]
The former Europe Minister, Denis MacShane, said that this showed that Farage was "happy to line his pockets with gold". Farage called this a "misrepresentation",[26] pointing out that the money had been used to promote UKIP's message and staff salaries, not his own salary, but he welcomed the focus on the issue of MEP expenses, claiming that "[o]ver a five year term each and every one of Britain's 78 MEPs gets about £1 million. It is used to employ administrative staff, run their offices and to travel back and forth between their home, Brussels and Strasbourg."[27]
Jacques Barrot[link]
On 18 November 2004, Farage announced in the European Parliament that Jacques Barrot, the French Commissioner designate, had been barred from elected office in France for 2 years, after being convicted in 2000 of embezzling £2 million from government funds and diverting it into the coffers of his party. He claimed that French President Jacques Chirac had granted Barrot amnesty. Although initial BBC reports claimed that, under French law, it was illegal even to mention the conviction,[28] the prohibition in question only applies to French officials in the course of their duties.[29] The president of the Parliament, Josep Borrell, enjoined him to retract his comments under threat of "legal consequences".[30] However, the following day it was confirmed that Barrot had received an 8 month suspended jail sentence in the case, and that this had been quickly expunged by the amnesty decided by Chirac and his parliamentary majority. The Commission's president, Jose Manuel Barroso admitted that he had not known of Barrot's criminal record when appointing him as a Commission vice-president.[citation needed] The Socialist and Liberal groups in the European Parliament then joined UKIP in demanding the resignation of Barrot for failing to disclose the conviction during his confirmation hearings.
José Manuel Barroso[link]
During the spring of 2005, Farage requested that the European Commission disclose where the individual Commissioners had spent their holidays. The Commission did not provide the information requested, on the basis that the Commissioners had a right of privacy. The German newspaper Die Welt reported that the President of the European Commission, José Manuel Barroso had spent a week on the yacht of the Greek shipping billionaire Spiro Latsis. It emerged soon afterwards that this had occurred a month before the Commission under Barroso's predecessor Romano Prodi approved 10.3 million euro of Greek state aid for Latsis' shipping company.[31] It also became known that Peter Mandelson, then a member of the Commission, had accepted a trip to Jamaica from an unrevealed source.
Farage persuaded around 75 MEPs from across the political divide to back a motion of no confidence in Barroso, which would be sufficient to compel Barroso to appear before the European Parliament to be questioned on the issue.[32] The motion was successfully tabled on 12 May 2005, and Barroso appeared before Parliament[33] at a debate on 26 May 2005. The motion was heavily defeated. A Conservative MEP, Roger Helmer, was expelled from his group, the European People's Party - European Democrats (EPP-ED) in the middle of the debate by that group's leader Hans-Gert Poettering as a result of his support for Farage's motion.
Joseph Daul[link]
In January 2007, the French farmers' leader Joseph Daul was elected the new leader of the European People's Party–European Democrats (EPP-ED), the European Parliamentary grouping which then included the British Conservatives. The UK Independence Party almost immediately revealed that Daul had been under judicial investigation in France since 2004 as part of an inquiry into the alleged misuse of public funds worth €16 million (£10.6 million) by French farming unions."[34] It was not suggested that Daul had personally benefited, but was accused of "complicity and concealment of the abuse of public funds." Daul accused Farage of publicising the investigation for political reasons and threatened to sue Farage, but did not do so though the court dropped all charges against him.
Prince Charles[link]
Prince Charles gave a speech to the European Parliament on 14 February 2008, in which he called for EU leadership in the war against climate change. During the standing ovation that followed, Farage was the only MEP to remain seated and went on to describe the Prince's advisers as "naïve and foolish at best."[35] Farage continued: "How can somebody like Prince Charles be allowed to come to the European Parliament at this time to announce he thinks it should have more powers? It would have been better for the country he wants to rule one day if he had stayed home and tried to persuade Gordon Brown to give the people the promised referendum on the Treaty of Lisbon." The leader of the UK Labour Party's MEPs, Gary Titley, accused Farage of anti-Royalism. Titley said: "I was embarrassed and disgusted when the Leader of the UK Independence Party, Nigel Farage, remained firmly seated during the lengthy standing ovation Prince Charles received. I had not realised Mr Farage's blind adherence to right wing politics involved disloyalty and discourtesy to the Royal Family. He should be thoroughly ashamed of himself and should apologise to the British people he represents."[35]
Herman Van Rompuy[link]
After the speech of Herman Van Rompuy on 24 February 2010 in the European parliament, Farage—to protests from other MEPs—addressed the first long-term President of the European Council saying that he has the "charisma of a damp rag and the appearance of low grade bank clerk".[36] Farage questioned the legitimacy of Van Rompuy's appointment asking "Who are you? I'd never heard of you, nobody in Europe had ever heard of you", he also asserted that Van Rompuy's "intention is to be the quiet assassin of European democracy and of European nation states."[36] In the same speech he also referred to Belgium, the home of Van Rompuy, as "pretty much a non-country".[37] Van Rompuy commented afterwards, "There was one contribution that I can only hold in contempt, but I'm not going to comment further."[36] After refusing to apologise for behaviour that was, in the words of the President of the European Parliament, Jerzy Buzek, "inappropriate, unparliamentary and insulting to the dignity of the House", Farage was reprimanded and had his right to ten days' allowance (expenses) rescinded.[38] [39]
The President of the European Parliament, Jerzy Buzek, said after his meeting with Farage:
I defend absolutely Mr Farage's right to disagree about the policy or institutions of the Union, but not to personally insult our guests in the European Parliament or the country from which they may come. [. . .] I myself fought for free speech as the absolute cornerstone of a democratic society. But with freedom comes responsibility - in this case, to respect the dignity of others and of our institutions. I am disappointed by Mr Farage's behaviour, which sits ill with the great parliamentary tradition of his own country. I cannot accept this sort of behaviour in the European Parliament. I invited him to apologise, but he declined to do so. I have therefore - as an expression of the seriousness of the matter - rescinded his right to ten days' daily allowance as a Member.[39]
Questioned by Camilla Long, Farage declared of his speech "it wasn't abusive, it was right."[13]
European economic governance[link]
He spoke of the EU being "German-dominated" in a speech at the European-Parliament on 18 November 2011.[40]
Views on the euro[link]
From taking office as a UKIP MEP in 1999, Farage has often voiced opposition to the "euro project". His argument is that "a one size fits all interest rate" cannot work for countries with structurally different economies, often using the example of Greece and Germany to emphasise contrast. He predicted the need for 'bailouts' before European Commission and European Central Bank officials admitted that these steps would be necessary. Specifically, Farage predicted that Greece, Ireland, Portugal and Spain would all require such assistance. To date, Spain is the only predicted country that has not asked for a 'bailout'. Although Spain and Italy have both had indirect assistance from the ECB, whereby secondary government bonds are bought by the central bank, they are prohibited from purchasing new bonds. Farage warns: "You can ignore the markets if you want to, but in time the markets will not ignore you". Farage also reinforces Germany's argument that Italy "should never have joined the euro".
Farage predicts that if the situation continues it will lead to violence due to the people's inability to "determine their own futures through the ballot box" as it will become the only "logical" tool to enable them to escape from their "economic prison" i.e. the Eurozone. He proclaims "I can only hope and pray that the euro project is destroyed by the markets before that really happens."
Farage strongly opposes the use of 'bailouts' and claims that "buying your own debt with tax payers money" will not solve the problem and that, "if we do, the next debt crisis won't be a country", "it will be the European Central Bank itself".[41][42]
Electoral performance[link]
Nigel Farage has contested several elections under the United Kingdom Independence Party banner:
- Itchen, Test and Avon, European Parliament Election 1994 - 12,423 votes, representing 5.2% of total votes cast
- Eastleigh by-election, 1994 - 952, 1.4%
- Salisbury, 1997 general election - 3,332, 5.7%
- European Parliament election, 1999 - elected member for South East England from party list
- Bexhill and Battle, 2001 general election - 3,474, 7.8%
- European Parliament election, 2004 - elected member for South East England from party list
- South Thanet, 2005 general election - 2,079, 5.0%
- Bromley and Chislehurst by-election, 2006 - 2,307, 8.0%
- European Parliament election, 2009 - elected member for South East England from party list.
- Buckingham, 2010 general election - 8,410, 17.4%
Footnotes[link]
- ^ "Farage vs Paxman". http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K27fm4lyWm0. Retrieved 19 December 2011.
- ^ "Nigel Farage Re-Elected UKIP Party Leader". http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/Politics/UKIP-Nigel-Farage-Re-Elected-As-Leader-Of-The-UK-Independence-Party-Taking-Over-From-Lord-Pearson/Article/201011115795811?lpos=Politics_Carousel_Region_3&lid=ARTICLE_15795811_UKIP%3A_Nigel_Farage_Re-Elected_As_Leader_Of_The_UK_Independence_Party%2C_Taking_Over_From_Lord_Pearson. Retrieved 22 November 2011.
- ^ Edwards, Richard (7 May 2010). "Daily Telegraph". London: The Daily Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/election-2010/7685912/General-Election-2010-Ukips-Nigel-Farage-has-lucky-escape-after-election-stunt-plane-crash.html. Retrieved 2010-05-20.
- ^ a b Andrew Sparrow "Nigel Farage to stand for Ukip leadership again", The Guardian, 3 September 2010
- ^ Dale, Iain; Brivati, Brian (5 October 2009). "Daily Telegraph". London: The Daily Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/conservative/6256390/Top-100-most-influential-Right-wingers-50-1.html. Retrieved 2010-05-20.
- ^ Simon Hattenstone. "Nigel Farage, Ukip: 'Other party leaders live in a PC world.' | Politics". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2009/jun/05/nigel-farage-ukip-interview. Retrieved 2012-04-06.
- ^ Watts, Robert (2007-03-11). "Making plans with Nigel". London: The Daily Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/03/11/nukip11.xml. Retrieved 2010-05-20.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ "Politics | UKIP 'voice of British majority'". London: BBC News Online. 2006-10-07. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/5415252.stm?ls.
- ^ [2][dead link]
- ^ "UKIP: Nigel Farafe Re-Elected As Leader Of the UK Independence Party, Taking Over From Lord Pearson". Sky News. 5 November 2010. http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/Politics/UKIP-Nigel-Farage-Re-Elected-As-Leader-Of-The-UK-Independence-Party-Taking-Over-From-Lord-Pearson/Article/201011115795811?lpos=Politics_First_UK_News_Article_Teaser_Region_1&lid=ARTICLE_15795811_UKIP:_Nigel_Farage_Re-Elected_As_Leader_Of_The_UK_Independence_Party,_Taking_Over_From_Lord_Pearson. Retrieved 5 November 2010.
- ^ Farage to quit as UKIP Leader, UKIP website, Retrieved 4 September 2009
- ^ a b Camilla Long "Nigel Farage: Brimming over with bile and booze", The Times, 21 March 2010
- ^ "Farage to stand against Speaker". London: BBC News Online. 2009-09-03. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/8235626.stm.
- ^ Nigel Farage injured in plane crash in Northamptonshire, BBC News Website, Retrieved 6 May 2010
- ^ Nigel Farndale (2010-11-18). "Nigel Farage: born to rant". London: Daily Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/ukip/8128877/Nigel-Farage-born-to-rant.html. Retrieved 2010-11-23.
- ^ "AAIB Bulletin: 11/2010 G-BWDF 6 May 2010 at 0659 hrs". Air Accidents Investigation Branch. http://www.aaib.gov.uk/cms_resources/PZL-104%20Wilga%2035A,%20G-BWDF%2011-2010.pdf. Retrieved 2010-11-23.
- ^ Dowling, Tim (7 May 2010). "Election results: Ukip's Nigel Farage finishes behind John Bercow and Flipper". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2010/may/07/nigel-farage-ukip-john-bercow. Retrieved 7 May 2010.
- ^ "Crash pilot 'threatened to kill UKIP's Nigel Farage'". BBC News online. 1 December 2010. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-northamptonshire-11886985. Retrieved 1 December 2010.
- ^ "Nigel Farage death threats crash pilot guilty". BBC News online. 14 April 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-oxfordshire-13082655. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
- ^ "AV referendum: Where parties stand". BBC News. 13 January 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-11609887. Retrieved 11-02-2011.
- ^ a b George Eaton (4 May 2012). "How UKIP became "Fresh Choice for London"". New Statesman. http://www.newstatesman.com/blogs/politics/2012/05/how-ukip-became-fresh-choice-london. Retrieved 1 Jun 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Nigel Farage calls on Conservative MPs to join UKIP". BBC news. 6 May 2012. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-17974787. Retrieved 1 Jun 2012.
- ^ Robert Watts "Making plans with Nigel", Sunday Telegraph, 11 March 2007
- ^ Helm, Toby (2009-05-24). "Ukip leader boasts of his £2m in expenses | Politics | The Observer". London: Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2009/may/24/mps-expenses-ukip-nigel-farage. Retrieved 2009-06-08.
- ^ "McShane misses the point on expenses - UK Independence Party". Ukip.org. 2009-05-19. http://www.ukip.org/content/latest-news/1053-mcshane-misses-the-point-on-expenses. Retrieved 2009-06-08.
- ^ "MEP expense spotlight turns focus to EU - UK Independence Party". Ukip.org. 2009-05-25. http://www.ukip.org/content/latest-news/1068-mep-expense-spotlight-turns-focus-to-eu. Retrieved 2009-06-08.
- ^ "BBC NEWS | Europe | Profile: Jacques Barrot". Newswww.bbc.net.uk. 2004-11-22. http://newswww.bbc.net.uk/2/hi/europe/4032113.stm. Retrieved 2009-06-08.
- ^ The prohibition contained in the French penal code against mentioning crimes covered by an amnesty only concerns French officials who may hear of such crimes in the course of their duties (CP L133-11), and does not apply generally (L133-10).
- ^ "Impressions on the new European Commission (2), 18/11/2004 - MEP Nigel Farage replies to Parliament President Josep Borrell who urged him to reflect on his comments and the possible legal consequences.". http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oPLkcgaWc0o. Retrieved 22 November 2011.
- ^ Castle, Stephen (2005-05-26). "Barroso survives confidence debate over free holiday with Greek tycoon - Europe, World - The Independent". London: News.independent.co.uk. http://news.independent.co.uk/europe/article223215.ece. Retrieved 2009-06-08.
- ^ "Bloomberg.com". Bloomberg.com. http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000085&sid=aFq2hOeCcYZc&refer=europe. Retrieved 2009-06-08.
- ^ "Europe | Barroso rebuffs yacht questions". London: BBC News. 2005-05-25. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4578261.stm. Retrieved 2009-06-08.
- ^ Waterfield, Bruno (2007-01-13). "EU Right's new leader at heart of funds inquiry". London: Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/01/13/wdaul13.xml. Retrieved 2009-06-08.
- ^ a b "Politics | UKIP anger at prince's EU speech". London: BBC News. 2008-02-14. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7245183.stm. Retrieved 2009-06-08.
- ^ a b c "Tirade against 'damp rag' EU president shocks MEPs". London: BBC News. 2010-02-24. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/8535121.stm. Retrieved 2010-02-24.
- ^ EUX.TV YouTube channel - Nigel Farage harangues EU President Herman van Rompuy Uploaded on 24 February 2010; Retrieved 27 February 2010
- ^ "MEP Nigel Farage fined over 'insulting' tirade". BBC News. 2010-03-02. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8544904.stm. Retrieved 2010-03-21.
- ^ a b "EP President Jerzy BUZEK on MEP Nigel FARAGE - 68659". European Parliament. 2010-03-03. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/eng-internet-publisher/eplive/expert/shotlist/20100303SHL92842. Retrieved 2010-03-21.
- ^ Going Viral: Nigel Farage on 'German- dominated' EU at the Daily Mail
- ^ ""Nigel Farage - Europe Trapped Inside an Economic Prison" (A collage of speeches by UKIP Leader Nigel Farage MEP in the European Parliament in Strasbourg and Brussels as Co-President of the Europe of Freedom and Democracy Group (EFD). Excerpts relate to the euro currency crisis leading up to the bailouts of Greece (May 2010), Ireland (November 2010) and Portugal (April 2011). Video credit ~ europarl: http://www.youtube.com/user/europarl)". 22 April 2011. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VVJ-MdikNr0. Retrieved 22 November 2011.
- ^ | europarl speech archives, with full list of all of Mr Farage's speeches in plenary that are referred to in my original source video | accessdate=2011-04-27
References[link]
- 2002 Amnesty law
- Penal Code, articles L133-9, L133-10, L133-11
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Nigel Farage |
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Nigel Farage |
- Nigel Farage MEP Official website
- Nigel Farage on Twitter
- Nigel Farage Profile at European Parliament website
- UKIP MEPs Official website of the UK Independence Party in the European Parliament
- Europe of Freedom and Democracy Political group in the European Parliament
| Party political offices | ||
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| Preceded by ? |
Chairman of the UK Independence Party 1998–2000 |
Succeeded by Mike Nattrass |
| Preceded by Roger Knapman |
Leader of the United Kingdom Independence Party 2006–2009 |
Succeeded by The Lord Pearson of Rannoch |
| Preceded by Jeffrey Titford |
Leader of the United Kingdom Independence Party 2010–present |
Incumbent |
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| Persondata | |
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| Name | Farage, Nigel |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | British politician |
| Date of birth | 3 April 1964 |
| Place of birth | Kent, United Kingdom |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
