name	Roy Chapman Andrews
birth name	Roy Chapman Andrews
birth date	January 26, 1884
birth place	Beloit, Wisconsin
death date	March 11, 1960
death place	Carmel-by-the-Sea, California
resting place	Oakwood Cemetery, Beloit, Wisconsin
resting place coordinates
nationality	American
known for	Paleontological field work
employer	American Museum of Natural History
occupation	Explorer, adventurer, naturalist
years active	1909-1960
home town	Beloit, Wisconsin
spouse	Yvette Borup
awards	Cover of Time Magazine, 29 October 1923 }}

:''For the former professional American football coach see LeRoy Andrews'' Roy Chapman Andrews (January 26, 1884 – March 11, 1960) was an American explorer, adventurer and naturalist who became the director of the American Museum of Natural History. He is primarily known for leading a series of expeditions through the fragmented China of the early 20th century into the Gobi Desert and Mongolia. The expeditions made important discoveries and brought the first-known fossil dinosaur eggs to the museum.

Biography

Early life and education

Andrews was born on January 26, 1884, in Beloit, Wisconsin. As a child, he explored forests, fields, and waters nearby, developing marksmanship skills. He taught himself taxidermy and used funds from this hobby to pay tuition to Beloit College. After graduating, Andrews applied for work at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. He so much wanted to work there that after being told that there were no openings at his level, Andrews took a job as a janitor in the taxidermy department and began collecting specimens for the museum. During the next few years, he worked and studied simultaneously, earning a Master of Arts degree in mammalogy from Columbia University.

Career

thumb|left|Roy Chapman Andrews, 1913 From 1909 to 1910, Andrews sailed on the ''USS Albatross'' to the East Indies, collecting snakes and lizards and observing marine mammals. In 1913, he sailed aboard the schooner Adventuress with owner John Borden to the Arctic. They were hoping to obtain a bowhead whale specimen for the American Museum of Natural History. On this expedition, he filmed some of the best footage of seals ever seen, though did not succeed in acquiring a whale specimen.

He married Yvette Borup in 1914. From 1916 to 1917, Andrews and his wife led the Asiatic Zoological Expedition of the museum through much of western and southern Yunnan, as well as other provinces of China. The book ''Camps and Trails in China'' records their experiences.

In 1920, Andrews began planning for expeditions to Mongolia and drove a fleet of Dodge cars westward from Peking. In 1922, the party discovered a fossil of ''Indricotherium'' (then named "''Baluchitherium''"), a gigantic hornless rhinoceros, which was sent back to the museum, arriving on December 19. In the 1920s, he went to Mongolia, hoping to find out something about the origin of man. He didn't find out anything about man, but he discovered a treasure trove of dinosaur bones. During four expeditions in the Gobi Desert between 1922 and 1925, he discovered ''Protoceratops'' (the species ''P. andrewsi'' was named after him), a nest of ''Protoceratops'' eggs (later studies revealed them to be ''Oviraptor'' eggs), ''Pinacosaurus'', ''Saurornithoides'', ''Oviraptor'' and ''Velociraptor'', none of which were known before. ''Andrewsarchus'' was named after him.

Andrews along with Henry Fairfield Osborn were proponents of the Asia hypothesis and led several expeditions to Asia from 1922 to 1928 known as the “Cental Asiatic Expeditions” setting out to try and find the earliest human remains in Asia, however Andrews and his team found many other finds, such as dinosaurs bones and fossil mammals and most notably the first known dinosaur nests full of eggs (see below). Andrews main account of these expeditions can be found in his book ''The new conquest of central Asia''.

In Andrews book in 1926 ''On the Trail of the Ancient Man'', Henry Fairfield Osborn noted in the preface that the birthplace of modern humans would be found in Asia and that he had predicted it decades earlier even before the Asiatic expeditions were carried out.

On July 13, 1923, the party was the first in the world to discover dinosaur eggs. Initially thought to belong to the ceratopsian ''Protoceratops'', they were determined in 1995 actually to belong to the theropod ''Oviraptor'' . Walter W. Granger discovered a skull from the Cretaceous period. In 1925, the museum sent a letter back informing the party that the skull was that of a mammal, and therefore rare and valuable; more were uncovered. Expeditions in the area stopped during 1926 and 1927. In 1928, the expedition's finds were seized by Chinese authorities but were eventually returned. The 1929 expedition was cancelled. In 1930, he made one final trip and discovered some mastodon fossils. A cinematographer, James B. Shackelford, made filmed records of many of Andrews' expeditions. (Sixty years after Andrews' initial expedition, the American Museum of Natural History returned to Mongolia on the invitation of its government to continue exploration.) Later that year, Andrews returned to the United States and divorced his wife, with whom he had two sons.

In 1927, the Boy Scouts of America made Andrews an ''Honorary Scout'', a new category of Scout created that same year. This distinction was given to "American citizens whose achievements in outdoor activity, exploration and worthwhile adventure are of such an exceptional character as to capture the imagination of boys...".

Andrews joined the Explorers Club in New York in 1908, four years after its founding. He later served as its President from 1931 to 1934. In 1934, Andrews became the director of the museum. In his 1935 book ''The Business of Exploring'', he wrote "I was born to be an explorer...There was never any decision to make. I couldn't do anything else and be happy." In 1942, Andrews retired to Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, where he wrote about his life and died in 1960. He is buried in Oakwood Cemetery in his hometown of Beloit.

"Indiana Jones" connection

Douglas Preston of the American Museum of Natural History wrote: :Andrews is allegedly the real person that the movie character of Indiana Jones was patterned after. Andrews was an accomplished stage master. He created an image and lived it out impeccably—there was no chink in his armor. Roy Chapman Andrews: famous explorer, dinosaur hunter, exemplar of Anglo-Saxon virtues, crack shot, fighter of Mongolian brigands, the man who created the metaphor of 'Outer Mongolia' as denoting any exceedingly remote place.

Although some sources speculate that Andrews was the inspiration for Indiana Jones, neither George Lucas nor the other creators of the films have ever confirmed this. Other candidates have been suggested, including Colonel Percy Fawcett. The 120-page transcript of the story conferences for the movie does not mention Andrews. An analysis by the Smithsonian Channel concludes that the linkage was indirect, with Andrews (and other explorers) serving as the model for heroes in adventure films of the 1940s and 1950s, who in turn inspired Lucas and his fellow writers.

Bibliography

Books listed on Worldcat

''Monographs of the Pacific Cetacea'' (1914–16)

''Whale Hunting With Gun and Camera'' (1916)

''Camps and Trails in China'' (1918)

''Across Mongolian Plains'' (1921)

''On The Trail of Ancient Man'' (1926)

''Ends of the Earth'' (1929)

''The New Conquest of Central Asia'' (1932)

''This Business of Exploring'' (1935)

''Exploring with Andrews'' (1938)

''This Amazing Planet'' (1939)

''Under a Lucky Star (1943)

''Meet your Ancestors, A Biography of Primitive Man'' (1945)

''An Explorer Comes Home'' (1947)

''My Favorite Stories of the Great Outdoors'' Editor (1950)

''Quest in the Desert'' (1950)

''Heart of Asia: True Tales of the Far East'' (1951)

''Nature's Way: How Nature Takes Care of Her Own'' (1951)

''All About Dinosaurs'' (1953)

''All About Whales'' (1954)

''Beyond Adventure: The Lives of Three Explorers'' (1954)

''Quest of the Snow Leopard'' (1955)

''All About Strange Beasts of the Past'' (1956)

''In the Days of the Dinosaurs'' (1959)

Notes

References

Roy Chapman Andrews Society official website

''Dragon Hunter''; biography by Charles Gallenkamp (2001)

External links

1929 ''Popular Mechanics'' article about Andrews expedition to Mongolia

{{s-ttl|title=Cover of Time Magazine |years=29 October 1923}}

Category:1884 births Category:1960 deaths Category:American paleontologists Category:American explorers Category:Beloit College alumni Category:People from Beloit, Wisconsin Category:People associated with the American Museum of Natural History

de:Roy Chapman Andrews es:Roy Chapman Andrews fr:Roy Chapman Andrews gl:Roy Chapman Andrews ko:로이 채프먼 앤드루스 it:Roy Chapman Andrews hu:Roy Chapman Andrews ja:ロイ・チャップマン・アンドリュース no:Roy Chapman Andrews pl:Roy Chapman Andrews pt:Roy Chapman Andrews ru:Эндрюс, Рой Чепмен fi:Roy Chapman Andrews sv:Roy Chapman Andrews tr:Roy Chapman Andrews zh:安得思

playername	Roy Chapman
fullname	Roy Clifford Chapman
dateofbirth	March 18, 1934
cityofbirth	Birmingham
countryofbirth	England
dateofdeath	March 21, 1983
cityofdeath	Stoke-on-Trent
countryofdeath	England
height
position	Inside-forward
youthyears1	| youthclubs1 Kynoch Works
years1	1952–1957| clubs1 Aston Villa| caps1 19| goals1 8
years2	1957–1961| clubs2 Lincoln City| caps2 105| goals2 45
years3	1961–1965| clubs3 Mansfield Town| caps3 136| goals3 78
years4	1965–1967| clubs4 Lincoln City| caps4 70| goals4 31
years5	1967–1969| clubs5 Port Vale| caps5 76| goals5 35
years6	1969| clubs6 Chester City| caps6 9| goals6 3
years7	1969–1975| clubs7 Stafford Rangers| caps7 | goals7
totalcaps	415+| totalgoals 200+
manageryears1	1965–1966| managerclubs1 Lincoln City
manageryears2	1969–1975| managerclubs2 Stafford Rangers
manageryears3	1975–1976| managerclubs3 Stockport County
manageryears4	1977–1980| managerclubs4 Stafford Rangers }}

Roy Chapman (18 March 1934 – 21 March 1983) was an English professional footballer and manager, born in Birmingham. He was the father of former Arsenal and Leeds United striker Lee Chapman.

An inside-forward, he started his career at Aston Villa in 1952, before he moved on to Lincoln City five years later in order to find first team football. In 1961 he was sold to Mansfield Town, where he remained for the next four years, before he returned to Lincoln as the club's player-manager in 1965. He gave up his management duties the following year, before moving on to Port Vale in 1967. In all he scored 200 goals in 415 games in the Football League.

In 1969 he joined Stafford Rangers via Chester City. He was also given the management job at Rangers, and held this position until 1975, at which point he was made manager of Stockport County. His reign at Stockport was brief, and he became a coach before returning to Stafford for a second spell as manager in 1977, before he left for a second time in 1980. As Stafford manager he led the club to a Northern Premier League, FA Trophy, and Staffordshire Senior Cup treble in 1972; as well as another Staffs Cup victory in 1973 and another FA Trophy success in 1979.

Playing style

A two footed player, he was aggressive and had ball control skills, but lacked pace.

Playing career

Chapman began his professional playing career with Aston Villa, where he made 19 appearances in the First Division before joining Lincoln City in November 1957. Four years later he moved for £7,000 to Mansfield Town, scoring 30 league goals in the 1962–63 promotion season from Division Four.

He returned to Lincoln as player-manager in 1965 and in August of that year he came on as a substitute, replacing Bunny Larkin, this was the first substitution in the club's history. In October 1966 he reverted to solely a playing capacity as Ron Gray was appointed as manager.

In June 1967, he joined Port Vale in a playing capacity. An ever-present in the 1967–68 season, of which he was the club's top scorer with 24 goals, he also scored 12 goals the next season to once again become the top marksman.

His final playing club in The Football League was Chester, who he joined in May 1969. He struck five goals in four pre-season friendly matches, and then followed it up with two goals on his league debut at Scunthorpe United to take his career tally to 200. Though just one more league goal followed in his next eight league games and Chapman moved on to non-league side Nuneaton Borough before joining Stafford Rangers as player-manager.

Managerial career

Chapman steered Stafford Rangers to a treble of the FA Trophy, Northern Premier League and Staffordshire Senior Cup in 1972. Rangers topped the league with 71 points, and beat Barnet 3–0 at Wembley in the Trophy final. This was followed up by him leading Rangers to the FA Cup fourth round three years later. He then returned to professional circles with a short spell as Stockport County manager, where he signed George Best on a short-term deal. His reign at Stockport was short and he returned to Port Vale as a coach in August 1976, before being sacked in May 1977 and returning to Stafford.

In his second spell in charge of Rangers he led them to another FA Trophy triumph (this time a 2–0 victory over Kettering Town) before standing down in 1980.

Later life and death

After leaving Rangers he took up the position as manager of Walsall Sports Company.

He died in Stoke-on-Trent, three days after his 49th birthday. He had suffered a fatal heart attack, when playing in a five-a-side tournament.

Honours

as a Player

;with Mansfield Town

Football League Fourth Division fourth place promotion: 1962–63

as a Manager

;with Stafford Rangers

Northern Premier League champion: 1971–72

FA Trophy winner: 1972 & 1979

Staffordshire Senior Cup winner: 1972 & 1973

References

External links

Profile at Lincoln City's official site

Category:1934 births Category:1983 deaths Category:People from Birmingham, West Midlands Category:Aston Villa F.C. players Category:Lincoln City F.C. players Category:Mansfield Town F.C. players Category:Port Vale F.C. players Category:Chester City F.C. players Category:Nuneaton Town F.C. players Category:Stafford Rangers F.C. players Category:English footballers Category:The Football League players Category:Northern Premier League players Category:Association football forwards Category:English football managers Category:Lincoln City F.C. managers Category:Stafford Rangers F.C. managers Category:Stockport County F.C. managers Category:Deaths from myocardial infarction