This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
Baron was born in Breslau into the family Michael Baron, of a maker of gold lace who expected his son to follow in his footsteps. Baron showed an inclination to music from an early age, and later made it his profession. He studied lute from about 1710 with a Bohemian named Kohott. He attended the Elisabeth Gymnasium in Breslau, and from 1715 the University of Leipzig, where he studied philosophy and law. . He spent the period from 1719 to 1728 in travels from one small court to another. He visited Halle, Köthen, Schleiz, Saalfeld and Rudolstadt, arriving in Jena in 1720 and remaining for two years. Later he travelled to Kassel, Fulda, Würzburg, Nuremberg and Regensburg, returning in 1727 to Nuremberg where his published his "Historisch-theoretische und practische Untersuchung des Instruments der Lauten", the work for which he is principally remembered. In 1728 he replaced the lutenist Meusel, who had recently died in horseback riding accident, at the court of Gotha. He held that post for four years. After the death of the Duke of Gotha he moved on to Eisenach.
In 1737 he visited Merseburg, Köthen and Zerbst, and eventually joined the musical ensemble of Crown Prince Frederick of Prussia as a theorbist. He was immediately granted permission to go to Dresden to purchase a theorbo. In Dresden he received tuition from the lutenists Sylvius Leopold Weiss and I.A. Hofer.
After Frederick's accession in 1740, Baron continued to serve as theorbist in the royal musical establishment, and remained at this post until his death in Berlin.
Baron’s other writings, currently incompletely studied, supplement the "Untersuchung", and explore other subjects.
Category:1696 births Category:1760 deaths Category:German composers Category:Baroque composers Category:Silesian Germans Category:People from Wrocław Category:German lutenists
de:Ernst Gottlieb Baron fr:Ernst Gottlieb Baron ja:エルンスト・ゴットリープ・バロン no:Ernst Gottlieb BaronThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
Christoph Graupner (January 13, 1683 in Kirchberg – May 10, 1760 in Darmstadt) was a German harpsichordist and composer of high Baroque music who lived and worked at the same time as Johann Sebastian Bach, Georg Philipp Telemann and George Frideric Handel.
In 1705 Graupner left Leipzig to play the harpsichord in the orchestra of the Hamburg Opera under the direction of Reinhard Keiser, alongside a young violinist named Handel. In addition to playing the harpsichord, Graupner composed six operas in Hamburg, some of them in collaboration with Keiser, a popular composer of operas in Germany.
In 1709 Graupner accepted a post at the court of Hesse-Darmstadt and in 1711 became the court orchestra’s ''Hofkapellmeister'' (court chapel master). Graupner spent the rest of his career at the court in Hesse-Darmstadt, where his primary responsibilities were to provide music for the court chapel. He wrote music for nearly half a century, from 1709 to 1754, when he became blind. He died six years later.
After hearing that Bach was the choice for Leipzig, on May 4, 1723 Graupner graciously wrote to the city council in Leipzig assuring them that Bach "is a musician just as strong on the organ as he is expert in church works and capelle pieces" and a man who "will honestly and properly perform the functions entrusted to him."
Graupner wrote for exotic combinations of instruments, including the oboe d'amore, flute d'amore, and viola d'amore. Over half of his sinfonias require brass and timpani, with about 25 sinfonias requiring 3 to 4 timpani, one (sinfonia in G Major GWV 611) 5 timpani, and another, sinfonia in F Major (GWV 566), was composed for 6 timpani.
As critic David Vernier has summed up, Graupner is "one of those unfortunate victims of fate and circumstance - a contemporary of Bach, Handel, Telemann, etc., who has remained largely -- and unfairly - neglected."
Beginning in the early 20th century, research began with Willibald Nagel's study of Graupner's sinfonias. In the 1920s, Friedrich Noack published his research on Graupner's cantatas. Baerenreiter published several sinfonias and an ouverture in the 1950s. In the early 1980s, Myron Rosenblum edited four sinfonias for the massive Barry Brook project ''The Symphony, 1720-1840: A Comprehensive Collection of Full Scores'' (New York: Garland, 1979-85), 60 vols. The year 1988 saw the publication of Oswald Bill's study of Graupner, with several articles by such Graupner experts as Peter Cahn (on the sinfonias), Joanna Cobb Biermann (musicians and salaries in Darmstadt), as well as source documents on court life in Darmstadt. Three dissertations were very important for Graupner research: H. Cutler Fall's study of the Passiontide cantatas, Rene Schmidt's study of the Christmas cantatas, and Vernon Wicker's study of solo bass cantatas. Christoph Grosspietsch published an extensive study of Graupner's ouvertures in 1994.
Despite all this research, there were relatively few recordings available to the general public. This changed in 1998, when Hermann Max conducted a CD of Graupner works on the CPO label. Montreal harpsichordist Geneviève Soly came across a Graupner manuscript in the Beinecke Library at Yale University in the year 2000 and started performing and recording his works. Graupner was "always on the cutting edge for his time and very innovative in his ideas for harmony, notation, and the use of instruments," as Soly has noted. "You have to take into consideration his various styles in relation to the actual period and the ideas he was interested in developing at that moment. The size of the catalogue imposes added difficulties in this respect, because another composer might have written for just as long, but in one style only. Mozart comes to mind: although he composed over a shorter period, his style was always well defined."
In April 2005, a thematic catalog of Graupner's instrumental music (Oswald Bill and Christoph Grosspietsch, editors) was published by Carus Music. There are plans to catalog Graupner's vocal music.
Category:1683 births Category:1760 deaths
Category:People from the Electorate of Saxony Category:Baroque composers Category:German composers Category:Opera composers Category:Blind people
da:Christoph Graupner de:Christoph Graupner es:Christoph Graupner eo:Christoph Graupner fa:کریستف گراپنر fr:Christoph Graupner he:כריסטוף גראופנר nl:Christoph Graupner ja:クリストフ・グラウプナー no:Christoph Graupner pl:Christoph Graupner fi:Christoph Graupner sv:Christoph GraupnerThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
name | François Boucher |
---|---|
birth date | September 29, 1703 |
birth place | Paris, Kingdom of France |
death date | May 30, 1770 |
death place | Paris, Kingdom of France |
nationality | 20px French |
field | Painting |
movement | Rococo |
signature | File:Boucher autograph.png }} |
His career accelerated from this point, as he advanced from professor to Rector of the Academy, becoming head of the Royal Gobelins Manufactory in 1755 and finally ''Premier Peintre du Roi'' (First Painter of the King) in 1765.
Reflecting inspiration gained from the artists Watteau and Rubens, Boucher's early work celebrates the idyllic and tranquil, portraying nature and landscape with great élan. However, his art typically forgoes traditional rural innocence to portray scenes with a definitive style of eroticism, and his mythological scenes are passionate and intimately amorous rather than traditionally epic. Marquise de Pompadour (mistress of King Louis XV), whose name became synonymous with Rococo art, was a great fan of Boucher's, and had the painter under her protection: it is particularly in his portraits of her that this style is clearly exemplified.
Paintings such as ''The Breakfast'' of 1739, a family scene, also show Boucher as a master of the genre scene, as he regularly used his own wife and family as models. These intimate family scenes are, however, in contrast to the 'licentious' style, as seen in his ''Odalisque'' portraits. The dark-haired version of the ''Odalisque'' portraits prompted claims by Diderot that Boucher was "prostituting his own wife", and the ''Blonde Odalisque'' was a portrait that illustrated the extramarital relationships of the King. Boucher gained lasting notoriety through such private commissions for wealthy collectors and, after the ever-moral Diderot expressed his disapproval, his reputation came under increasing critical attack during the last of his creative years.
Along with his painting, Boucher also designed theatre costumes and sets, and the ardent intrigues of the comic operas of Favart (1710–1792) closely parallel his own style of painting. Tapestry design was also a concern. For the Beauvais tapestry workshops he first designed a series of ''Fêtes italiennes'' ("Italian festivals") in 1736, which proved to be very successful and often rewoven over the years, and then, commissioned in 1737, a suite of the story of Cupid and Psyche. During two decades' involvement with the Beauvais tapestry workshops Boucher produced designs for six series of hangings in all. Only his appointment in 1755 as director of the rival Gobelins terminated the association. He was also called upon for designs for court festivities organized by that section of the King's household called the Menus-Plaisirs du Roi and for the opera and for royal châteaux Versailles, Fontainebleau and Choisy. His designs for all of the aforementioned augmented his earlier reputation, resulting in many engravings from his work and even reproduction of his designs on porcelain and biscuit-ware at the Vincennes and Sèvres factories.
The neoclassicist Jacques-Louis David began his painting instruction under Boucher.
Boucher is famous for saying that nature is "trop verte et mal éclairée" (too green and badly lit).
Francois Boucher died on 30 May 1770 in Paris. His name, along with that of his patron Madame de Pompadour, had become synonymous with the French Rococo style, leading the Goncourt brothers to write: "Boucher is one of those men who represent the taste of a century, who express, personify and embody it."
''Halt at the Spring'' (1765) Museum of Fine Arts, Boston ''Return From Market'' (1767) Museum of Fine Arts, Boston ''Arabesques, vases etc.'' Museum of Fine Arts, Boston ''Diana and Callisto'' (c. 1760) Museum of Fine Arts, Boston ''Figures chinoises'' Museum of Fine Arts, Boston ''Four Amorini in a Cloud'' (1760) Museum of Fine Arts, Boston ''Landscape with Watermill'' (1750s) Museum of Fine Arts, Boston ''Nymphs and river gods (Pirene mourning her son)'' Museum of Fine Arts, Boston ''Reclining Female Nude'' (1763) Museum of Fine Arts, Boston ''Shepherd Boy Playing Bagpipes'' (1754) Museum of Fine Arts, Boston ''Shepherdess and Child'' (1765-7) Museum of Fine Arts, Boston ''Young Woman with Flowers in Her Hair'' Museum of Fine Arts, Boston ''Young Woman with Two Amorini'' (c. 1768) Museum of Fine Arts, Boston Web Gallery of Art
Category:1703 births Category:1770 deaths Category:Artists from Paris Category:French painters Category:Rococo painters Category:Prix de Rome for painting Category:Ballet designers
az:Fransua Buşe be:Франсуа Бушэ be-x-old:Франсуа Бушэ br:François Boucher bg:Франсоа Буше ca:François Boucher cs:François Boucher da:François Boucher de:François Boucher et:François Boucher el:Φρανσουά Μπουσέ es:François Boucher eo:François Boucher fa:فرانسوا بوشه fr:François Boucher gl:François Boucher hy:Ֆրանսուա Բուշե it:François Boucher he:פרנסואה בושה ka:ფრანსუა ბუშე kk:Франсуа Буше la:Franciscus Boucher hu:François Boucher nl:François Boucher ja:フランソワ・ブーシェ no:François Boucher pl:François Boucher pt:François Boucher ro:François Boucher ru:Буше, Франсуа sk:François Boucher sr:Франсоа Буше fi:François Boucher sv:François Boucher th:ฟร็องซัว บูเช uk:Франсуа Буше zh:弗朗索瓦·布歇This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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