Staaken

Name	Staaken
Image photo	Hahneberg view to Staaken.JPG
Of city coa	Coat_of_arms_of_Berlin.svg
Type	Quarter
Article	of
City	Berlin
Lat deg	52 | lat_min = 31 | lat_sec = 57
Lon deg	13 | lon_min = 08 | lon_sec = 29
State	Berlin
Borough	Spandau
Elevation	50
Area	10.9
Population	41470
Population as of	2008-06-30
Density	3810
Postal code	(nr. 0504) 13591
Licence	B
Year	1273
Plantext	Location of Staaken in Spandau district and Berlin
Image plan	Berlin Spandau Staaken.png

Staaken is a locality at the western rim of Berlin within the borough of Spandau. In the west it shares border with the Brandenburg municipalities of Falkensee and Dallgow-Döberitz in the Havelland district. Buildings range from small detached houses in the west to larger 1960s and 1970s housing estates in the east. The locality of Staaken also includes the neighborhood of Albrechtshof.

History

First mentioned in a 1273 deed as Stakene the former village became a part of Berlin by the Greater Berlin Act of 1920. The development of the area started with the construction of the Staaken garden city by architect Paul Schmitthenner in 1914.

At the beginning of World War I the Luftschiffbau Zeppelin company acquired large estates in Staaken, where from 1915 on it manufactured zeppelin airships and R.VI biplane strategic bombers. In 1919 the regulations of the Treaty of Versailles finished the production and the area was transformed into an airfield. There had been regular Zeppelin flights to Friedrichshafen and even to London from 1919 on, though in the following years most of the aviation moved to Tempelhof Airport. The former zeppelin manufacturing halls were locations for various film productions, e.g. parts of Fritz Lang's Metropolis. In 1929 the estate was sold to the City of Berlin, while parts of the airport were still used by the Lufthansa airline for flight training and maintenance purposes. In Albrechtshof the Demag (Deutsche Maschinenfabrik AG) built Panther tanks during World War II using forced labour of over 2,500 prisoners held in the nearby Falkenhagen labour camp, a subcamp of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp.

During the Cold War

After World War II Staaken was divided by an territorial exchange contract between the Allies United Kingdom and Soviet Union of August 30, 1945. The borders of the British occupational sector of Berlin was reshapen that way, that it would include the entire former Wehrmacht airfield at Berlin-Gatow in the southwestern corner of this sector. In return the geographically western section of Staaken - at the western most end of the British Sector, was de jure assigned to the Soviets. The geographically eastern Staaken remained with the political West. However, the de facto administration remained with the Borough of Spandau in the British sector. So all inhabitants of Staaken could vote for West Berlin's city state elections in 1948 and 1950.

On 1 February 1951 East German Volkspolizei occupied western Staaken including the airfield and adjacent Neu-Jerusalem located there, and ended the administration by the Spandau Borough, instead western Staaken became an exclave of East Berlin's then Borough of Mitte. This caused the confusing fact, that the geographically western Staaken was part of the politically Eastern East Berlin at the geographically western outskirts of West Berlin, while the geographically eastern Staaken remained with the political Western British sector, thus West Berlin. East Germany then moved up its border checkpoint towards West Berlin from Dallgow more eastwards to Western Staaken.

On June 1, 1952 western Staaken's de facto administration was conveyed to neighbouring East German Falkensee, which incorporated western Staaken on January 1, 1961. From August 13 the same year until its opening and removal after November 9, 1989 the Berlin Wall cut through the two parts of Staaken, with one East German border crossing on Heerstraße. Since January 1, 1971 western Staaken, officially simply named Staaken, formed a municipality of its own, with a population amounting to 4,146 at that time. On October 3, 1990, the day of unification of East Germany, East and West Berlin with the West German Federal Republic of Germany both Staakens reunited and form a locality of the Spandau Borough since.

Transportation

Staaken is served by RegionalExpress and RegionalBahn trains of the Deutsche Bahn AG at the stations Staaken and Albrechtshof. A S-Bahn connection to Albrechtshof is planned. This station had also been the site of a railroad border crossing, it was closed in 1961 after East German railroad engineer Harry Deterling fled from the GDR by breaking through the barriers towards the Gartenstadt Staaken in West Berlin with a whole train. The event was dramatized in the 1963 West German film Durchbruch Lok 234 (The Breakthrough). The route to Albrechtshof was only reconnected in 1995 after German reunification.

In 1976 the GDR opened a separate rail road border crossing station Staaken for rail transit to western Germany further away from the border to West Berlin.

Up to 1980 the eastern part of Staaken inside West Berlin was served by S-Bahn. This service was abandoned by the East German Reichsbahn Headquarters after the big strike of the West Berlin Reichsbahn workers. A reconnection today is highly unlikely.

Border crossing

The Bundesstraße 5 federal highway runs through the locality along the Heerstraße. The car traffic, travelling along F 5, between West Berlin and the East German Democratic Republic, or the West German Federal Republic of Germany, e.g. to Hamburg, was subject to the Interzonal traffic regulations, that between West Germany and West Berlin followed the special regulations of the Transit Agreement (1972).

On 1 January 1988 the transit traffic to West Berlin was redirected to the new East German Stolpe checkpoint (a part of today's Hohen Neuendorf)/West Berlin-Heiligensee. From 1988 to November 9, 1989 the Heerstraße border crossing was open for the highly restricted traffic between West Berlin and East Germany. Highly restricted in this case meant citizens of West Berlin having to apply for visiting permit to visit relatives; while only GDR citizens above the age of 65 could apply to visit relatives in West Berlin. Eastern controls were slowly eased into spot checks and finally abolished on June 30, 1990, the day East and West introduced the union concerning currency, economy and social safety ().

Notable people

Figure skater Katarina Witt was born in the GDR municipality of Staaken on December 3, 1965.

Gallery

See also

Challenge 1930

Challenge 1932

Berlin-Staaken railway station

Berlin Albrechtshof railway station

External links

Staaken info website Staaken page on www.berlin.de

Category:Localities of Berlin *Staaken