- published: 17 Sep 2007
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- author: victorostrovsky
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Bergen
Bergen (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈbærɡən] (
listen)) is a city and municipality in Hordaland on the west coast of Norway. As of 26 June 2012, the municipality had a population of 265,800 and Greater Bergen had a population of 391,000, making Bergen the second-largest city in Norway. The municipality covers and area of 465 square kilometers (180 sq mi) and is located on the peninsula of Bergenshalvøyen. The city center and northern neighborhoods are located on Byfjorden and the city is built around the Seven Mountains. Many of the extra-municipal suburbs are located on islands. Bergen is the administrative center of Hordaland and consists of eight boroughs—Arna, Årstad, Åsane, Bergenhus, Fana, Fyllingsdalen, Laksevåg and Ytrebygda.
Trading in Bergen may have started as early as the 1020s, but the city was not incorporated until 1070. It served as Norway's capital from 1217 to 1299, and from the end of the 13th century became a bureau city of the Hanseatic League. Until 1789, Bergen enjoyed exclusive rights to mediate trade between Northern Norway and abroad. The remains of the quays, Bryggen, is a World Heritage Site. The city was hit by numerous fires. The Norwegian School of Economics was founded in 1936 and the University of Bergen in 1946. From 1831 to 1972, Bergen was its own county, after which Bergen amalgamated with the surrounding municipalities.
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Calgary
Calgary
/ˈkælɡᵊri/ is a city in the province of Alberta, Canada. It is located in the south of the province, in an area of foothills and prairie, approximately 80 km (50 mi) east of the front ranges of the Canadian Rockies. The city is located in the grassland and parkland natural regions of Alberta.
As of 2011, the City of Calgary had a population of 1,096,833 and a metropolitan population of 1,214,839, making it the largest city in Alberta, and the third-largest municipality and fifth-largest metropolitan area in Canada.
Located 294 km (183 mi) south of Edmonton, Statistics Canada defines the narrowly populated area between these cities as the "Calgary–Edmonton Corridor."
Economic activity in Calgary is mostly centred on the petroleum industry and agriculture. In 1988, Calgary became the first Canadian city to host the Olympic Winter Games.
Before the Calgary area was settled by Europeans, it was inhabited by pre-Clovis people whose presence has been traced back at least 11,000 years. In 1787, cartographer David Thompson spent the winter with a band of Peigan encamped along the Bow River. He was the first recorded European to visit the area, and John Glenn was the first documented European settler in the Calgary area, in 1873.
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Dalarna County
Dalarna County (Dalarnas län) is a county or län in middle Sweden. It borders the counties of Jämtland, Gävleborg, Västmanland, Örebro and Värmland. It is also bordered by the Norwegian counties of Hedmark and Sør-Trøndelag in the west. The capital is Falun.
The term Dalarna County is mainly used for administrative purposes, being further subdivided into municipalities (kommuner). Dalarna County virtually encompasses the historical province Dalarna (literally, "the valleys"), that deals with history and culture of the area.
In older times, Dalarna was periodically part of the territory ruled by the governor of Västerås Castle. The 1634 Instrument of Government led to the creation of a county covering Dalarna with its own County Governor. The Kopparbergs län (literally Copper Mountain County) was finally created by royal decree in 1647. In 1997, the name of the county was changed to Dalarna County.
The main aim of the County Administrative Board is to fulfil the goals set in national politics by the Parliament and the Government, to coordinate the interests and promote the development of the county, to establish regional goals and safeguard the due process of law in the handling of each case. The County Administrative Board is a Government Agency headed by a Governor. See List of Dalarna Governors.
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Denmark
The Kingdom of Denmark (Danish: Kongeriget Danmark, pronounced [ˈkɔŋəʁiːəð ˈdanmɑɡ̊] ( listen)) is a constitutional monarchy and sovereign state consisting the country of Denmark in northern Europe and two autonomous constituent countries, the Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic and Greenland in North America. The kingdom is a unitary state with some power being devolved from Denmark proper to Greenland and the Faroe Islands; this polity is referred to as the Danish Realm. Denmark proper is the hegemonial area, where judicial, executive, and legislative power resides. The Faroe Islands are defined to be a community of people within the kingdom, and the Greenlandic people are defined as a separate people with the right to self-determination.
Denmark is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, located southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. The country consists of a large peninsula, Jutland and many islands, most notably Zealand, Funen, Lolland, Falster and Bornholm, as well as hundreds of minor islands often referred to as the Danish Archipelago.
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Drøbak
Drøbak is a town and the centre of the municipality of Frogn, in Akershus county, Norway. The city is located along the Oslofjord, and has 13,358 inhabitants.
Drøbak and Frogn was a established as a parish on its own through a royal decree Sept. 8, 1823. It had been a part of Ås parish.
Drøbak was established as a municipality January 1, 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). It was merged with Frogn January 1, 1962.
Traditionally, Drøbak was the winter harbour of Norway's capital, Oslo, since in severe winters the fjord will freeze from outside Drøbak all the way up to Oslo. It had a city status between 1842 and 1962, upon which point the municipality was merged into the rural municipality Frogn and lost its city status. The city status was regained by the municipality council on 13 February 2006. It was also decided that adjacent villages such as Heer would be included within the city.
A notable event in Drøbak's history is the World War II sinking of the German cruiser Blücher in the Drøbak narrows, on the early morning of 9 April 1940. The cruiser was transporting German soldiers and bureaucrats for the planned swift occupation of Oslo, but the sinking by the Oscarsborg fortress delayed this, and thus allowed for the evacuation of the Norwegian Royal Family, parliament, and cabinet, and for the nation's gold reserves to be denied the occupiers.
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Finland
Coordinates: 65°N 27°E / 65°N 027°E / 65; 027
Finland
i/ˈfɪnlənd/ ( Finnish: Suomi; Swedish: Finland (help·info)), officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.
Around 5.4 million people reside in Finland, with the majority concentrated in the southern region. It is the eighth largest country in Europe in terms of area and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union. Finland is a parliamentary republic with a central government based in Helsinki and local governments in 336 municipalities, and an autonomous region of the Åland Islands. About one million residents live in the Greater Helsinki area, which consists of Helsinki, Espoo, Kauniainen and Vantaa, and a third of the country's GDP is produced there. Other larger cities include Tampere, Turku, Oulu, Jyväskylä, Lahti and Kuopio.
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France
France (Englishi/ˈfræns/ FRANSS or /ˈfrɑːns/ FRAHNSS; French: [fʁɑ̃s] ( listen)), officially the French Republic (French: République française [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is often referred to as l’Hexagone ("The Hexagon") because of the geometric shape of its territory. It is the largest western European country and it possesses the second-largest exclusive economic zone in the world, covering 11,035,000 km2 (4,260,000 sq mi), just behind that of the United States (11,351,000 km2 / 4,383,000 sq mi).
Over the past 500 years, France has been a major power with strong cultural, economic, military and political influence in Europe and around the world. During the 17th and 18th centuries, France colonised great parts of North America and Southeast Asia; during the 19th and early 20th centuries, France built the second largest colonial empire of the time, including large portions of North, West and Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and many Caribbean and Pacific Islands.
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Fåberg
Fåberg is a village and former municipality in Oppland county, Norway.
The parish of Faaberg was established as a municipality January 1, 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). On January 1, 1964 Fåberg was incorporated into the neighboring municipality Lillehammer. Prior to the merger Fåberg had 13,381 inhabitants.
The district Fåberg contains the villages Fåberg and Jørstadmoen. Combined, they form an urban area with a population of 1,342.
The municipality (originally the parish) was named after the old farm Fåberg (Norse Fágaberg), since the first church was built there. The meaning of the first element is unknown, the last element is berg n 'mountain'.
Until 1921 the name was written "Faaberg".
Coordinates: 61°10′6″N 10°24′16″E / 61.16833°N 10.40444°E / 61.16833; 10.40444
wn.com/Fåberg -
Garmo stave church
Garmo stave church (Garmo stavkirke) is a stave church situated at the Maihaugen museum in Lillehammer, Norway.
Garmo stave church originally came from Garmo in Lom in Oppland county. It was built circa 1150 on the site of a previous church believed to have been built in 1021 by a Viking chieftain. The church consists of 17th and 18th century inventory with a pulpit from Romsdalen. In 1730, it was expanded into a cruciform church in the timber.
After the new parish church was built in 1879, the stave church was demolished and the materials sold at auction. In 1882, the church was sold to Anders Sandvig, who brought it disassembled to Lillehammer. It was re-erected at Maihaugen in 1920-1921, where today, it is one of the most visited stave churches in Norway.
Coordinates: 61°6′40″N 10°28′34″E / 61.11111°N 10.47611°E / 61.11111; 10.47611
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Geilo
Geilo (help·info) is a centre in the municipality of Hol in Norway, in the valley of Hallingdal, with around 2300 inhabitants. The Bergen Line facilitated its development as the first skiing resort in the country, and it is still one of the largest. It is also famous for having the most luxurious and expensive holiday homes in Norway.
Geilo is primarily a ski resort town, but also offers summer activities. Geilo is in a valley with mountain ranges on each side. The center of the town lies at 800 meters above sea level, and its highest point is 1178 meters above sea level. It is 250 km from Oslo and 260 km from Bergen.
It has a train station (Geilo stasjon) with roughly five trains a day going to either Bergen (to the west) or Oslo (to the east). The closest airport is Geilo Airport, Dagali (24 km away), while the closest airport that accepts international flights is Fagernes Airport. Geilo has three lakes, Slåttahølen, Vestlefjorden, and Ustedalsfjorden, by far the largest of the three.
The ski resort is named after the old farm Gjeilo. The name is the dative plural of geil f 'fenced road for cattle'.
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Geography of Norway
Norway is a country located in Northern Europe on the western and northern part of the Scandinavian Peninsula, bordering the North Sea in southwest and the Skagerrak inlet to the south, the North Atlantic Ocean (Norwegian Sea) in the west and the Barents Sea to the northeast. Norway has a long land border with Sweden to the east, a shorter one with Finland in the northeast and a still shorter border with Russia in the far northeast.
Norway has a very elongated shape, one of the longest and most rugged coastlines in the world, and some 50,000 islands off the much indented coastline. The mainland covers 13° latitude, from 58°N to more than 71°N, (Svalbard north to 81°N), and covers the longitude from 5°E in Solund to 31°E in Vardø (Jan Mayen to 9°W, Kvitøya to 33°E).
Norway is one of the world's most northerly countries, and one of Europe's most mountainous countries with large areas dominated by the Scandinavian Mountains; average elevation is 460 m and 32% of the mainland is located above the tree line.
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Germany
Germany (i/ˈdʒɜrməni/), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland, pronounced [ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant] ( listen)), is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state and the largest economy in the European Union. It is one of the major political powers of the European continent and a technological leader in many fields.
A region named Germania, inhabited by several Germanic peoples, was documented before AD 100. During the Migration Period, the Germanic tribes expanded southward, and established successor kingdoms throughout much of Europe. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation while southern and western parts remained dominated by Roman Catholic denominations, with the two factions clashing in the Thirty Years' War, marking the beginning of the Catholic–Protestant divide that has characterized German society ever since. Occupied during the Napoleonic Wars, the rise of Pan-Germanism inside the German Confederation resulted in the unification of most of the German states into the German Empire in 1871 which was Prussian dominated. After the German Revolution of 1918–1919 and the subsequent military surrender in World War I, the Empire was replaced by the Weimar Republic in 1918, and partitioned in the Treaty of Versailles. Amidst the Great Depression, the Third Reich was proclaimed in 1933. The latter period was marked by Fascism and World War II. After 1945, Germany was divided by allied occupation, and evolved into two states, East Germany and West Germany. In 1990 Germany was reunified.
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Gudbrandsdalslågen
The Gudbrandsdalslågen (or the Lågen) river flows through the Gudbrandsdal of Norway.
The Gudbrandsdalslågen begins in the lake Lesjaskogsvatnet (or Lesjavatn), which lies in Lesja municipality in Oppland. Lesjavatn is the only lake in Norway which has two outlets; they flow into two of Norway’s more famous rivers. In the southeast at Lesjaverk village the lake serves as the headwaters for the Gudbrandsdalslågen, while in the northwest at Lesjaskog village, Lesjavatn is the headwaters for the Rauma river.
The Gudbrandsdalslågen flows through the Gudbrandsdal. Western tributaries of the Gudbrandsdalslågen include the Gausa River flowing through the Gausdal valley, the Otta River flowing through the Ottadalen valley, the Vinstra River flowing through the Vinstradal valley, and the Sjoa River, flowing through the Heidal valley. The eastern rivers, Jora, Ula, Frya, Tromsa and Mesna are shorter and drop precipitously from the heights of the Rondane. Although relatively placid for extended stretches of its 200 km path, the Gudbrandsdalslågen drops rapidly through the Rosten Gorge in Sel.
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Gunma Prefecture
Gunma Prefecture (群馬県, Gunma-ken?) is a prefecture of Japan located in the northwest corner of the Kantō region on Honshu island. Its capital is Maebashi.
The remains of a Paleolithic man[citation needed] were found at Iwajuku, Gunma Prefecture, in the early 20th century and there is a public museum there.
Japan was without horses until around the fifth century CE. The ancient province of Gunma was a center of the horsebreeding and trading activities for the newly immigrated continental peoples. The arrival of horses and the remains of horse-tackle coincides with the arrival of a large migration from the mainland. From this point forward, the horse became a vital part of Japanese military maneuvers, quickly displacing the older Yayoi tradition of fighting on foot.
When Mount Haruna erupted in the late 6th century, Japan was still in the pre-historical phase (prior to the importation of the Chinese writing system during the Nara period). The Gunma Prefectural archaeology unit in 1994 was able to date the eruption through zoological anthropology at the corral sites that were buried in ash.
wn.com/Gunma_Prefecture -
Hamar
Hamar (help·info) is a town and municipality in Hedmark county, Norway. It is part of the traditional region of Hedmarken. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Hamar. The municipality of Hamar was separated from Vang as a town and municipality of its own in 1849. Vang was merged back into Hamar on 1 January 1992.
The town is located on the shores of lake Mjøsa, Norway's largest lake, and is the principal city of Hedmark county. It is bordered to the northwest by the municipality of Ringsaker, to the north by Åmot, to the east by Løten, and to the south by Stange.
The municipality (originally the town) is named after the old Hamar farm (Old Norse: Hamarr), since the medieval town was built on its ground. The name is identical with the word hamarr which means "rocky hill".
The coat-of-arms shows a Black Grouse sitting in the top of a pine tree on a white background. It was first described in the anonymous Hamarkrøniken (The Hamar Chronicle) written in 1553.
Between 500 and 1000 AD, Aker farm was one of the most important power centres in Norway, located just a few kilometres away from today's Hamar. Three coins found in Ringerike in 1895 have been dated to the time of Harald Hardråde and are inscribed Olafr a Hamri.
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Hayward, Wisconsin
Hayward is a city in Sawyer County, Wisconsin, United States, next to the Namekagon River. The population was 2,129 at the 2000 census. The city is surrounded by the Town of Hayward.
Hayward was "named for Anthony Judson Hayward, who built a sawmill here."
U.S. Highway 63, Wisconsin Highway 27, and Wisconsin Highway 77 are three of the main arterial routes in the community.
Hayward is located at 46°0′36″N 91°28′50″W / 46.01°N 91.48056°W / 46.01; -91.48056 (46.01, -91.480556).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.2 square miles (8.3 km²), of which, 3.0 square miles (7.7 km²) of it is land and 0.2 square miles (0.6 km²) of it (7.48%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,129 people, 960 households, and 530 families residing in the city. The population density was 717.2 people per square mile (276.8/km²). There were 1,064 housing units at an average density of 358.4 per square mile (138.3/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 89.62% White, 0.14% Black or African American, 8.08% Native American, 0.66% Asian, 0.56% from other races, and 0.94% from two or more races. 0.85% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
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Innsbruck
Innsbruck is the capital city of the federal state of Tyrol in western Austria. It is located in the Inn Valley at the junction with the Wipptal (Sill River), which provides access to the Brenner Pass, some 30 km (18.6 mi) south of Innsbruck. Located in the broad valley between high mountains, the Nordkette (Hafelekar, 2,334 metres or 7,657 feet in the north, Patscherkofel (2,246 m or 7,369 ft) and Serles (2,718 m or 8,917 ft) in the south. It is an internationally renowned winter sports centre, and hosted the 1964 and 1976 Winter Olympics as well as the 1984 and 1988 Winter Paralympics. Innsbruck hosted the first Winter Youth Olympics in 2012. The word bruck comes from the German word Brücke meaning "bridge" which leads to "the bridge over the Inn".
Earliest traces suggest initial inhabitation in the early Stone Age. Surviving pre-Roman place names show that the area has been populated continuously. In the fourth century the Romans established the army station Veldidena (the name survives in today's urban district Wilten) at Oenipons (Innsbruck), to protect the economically important commercial road from Verona-Brenner-Augsburg.
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Israel
Coordinates: 31°N 35°E / 31°N 35°E / 31; 35
Israel, officially the State of Israel ( /ˈɪzriːəl/ or /ˈɪzreɪəl/; Hebrew: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, Medīnat Yisrā'el, IPA: [me̞diˈnät jisʁäˈʔe̞l] ( listen); Arabic: دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل, Dawlat Isrāʼīl, IPA: [dawlat ʔisraːˈʔiːl]), is a parliamentary republic in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan and the West Bank in the east, Egypt and the Gaza Strip on the southwest, and the Gulf of Aqaba in the Red Sea to the south, and it contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel is defined as a Jewish and Democratic State in its Basic Laws and is the world's only Jewish-majority state.
Following the adoption of a resolution by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 29 November 1947 recommending the adoption and implementation of the United Nations plan to partition Palestine, on 14 May 1948 David Ben-Gurion, the Executive Head of the World Zionist Organization and president of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, declared the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz Israel, to be known as the State of Israel, a state independent from the British Mandate for Palestine. Neighboring Arab states invaded the next day in support of the Palestinian Arabs. Israel has since fought several wars with neighboring Arab states, in the course of which it has occupied the West Bank, Sinai Peninsula, Gaza Strip and the Golan Heights. Portions of these territories, including east Jerusalem, have been annexed by Israel, but the border with the neighboring West Bank has not yet been permanently defined.[neutrality is disputed] Israel has signed peace treaties with Egypt and Jordan, but efforts to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict have so far not resulted in peace.
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Isère
Isère (pronounced: [izɛːʁ]; Arpitan: Isera, Occitan: Isèra) is a department in the Rhône-Alpes (Rôno-Arpes in Arpitan) region in the east of France named after the river Isère.
Isère is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on March 4, 1790. It was created from part of the former province of Dauphiné. Its area has been reduced twice, in 1852 and again in 1967, on both occasions losing territory to the department of Rhône.
In 1852 in response to rapid urban development round the edge of Lyon, the (hitherto Isère) communes of Bron, Vaulx-en-Velin, Vénissieux and Villeurbanne were transferred to Rhône. In 1967 the redrawing of local government frontiers led to the creation of the Urban Community of Lyon (more recently known simply as Greater Lyon / Grand Lyon). At that time intercommunal groupings of this nature were not permitted to straddle departmental frontiers, and accordingly 23 more Isère communes (along with 6 communes from Ain) found themselves transferred to Rhône. The affected Isère communes were Chaponnay, Chassieu, Communay, Corbas, Décines-Charpieu, Feyzin, Genas, Jonage, Jons, Marennes, Meyzieu, Mions, Pusignan, Saint-Bonnet-de-Mure, Saint-Laurent-de-Mure, Saint-Pierre-de-Chandieu, Saint-Priest, Saint-Symphorien-d'Ozon, Sérézin-du-Rhône, Simandres, Solaize, Ternay and Toussieu.
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Japan
Japan
i/dʒəˈpæn/ (Japanese: 日本 Nihon or Nippon; formally 日本国 
Nippon-koku or Nihon-koku, literally the State of Japan) is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The characters that make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin", which is why Japan is sometimes referred to as the "Land of the Rising Sun".
Japan is an archipelago of 6,852 islands. The four largest islands are Honshū, Hokkaidō, Kyūshū and Shikoku, together accounting for ninety-seven percent of Japan's land area. Japan has the world's tenth-largest population, with over 127 million people. The Greater Tokyo Area, which includes the de facto capital city of Tokyo and several surrounding prefectures, is the largest metropolitan area in the world, with over 30 million residents.
Archaeological research indicates that people lived in Japan as early as the Upper Paleolithic period. The first written mention of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD. Influence from other nations followed by long periods of isolation has characterized Japan's history. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, victory in the First Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War and World War I allowed Japan to expand its empire during a period of increasing militarism. The Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937 expanded into part of World War II in 1941, which came to an end in 1945 following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Since adopting its revised constitution in 1947, Japan has maintained a unitary constitutional monarchy with an emperor and an elected parliament called the Diet.
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Jessheim
Jessheim is a large village in the Ullensaker municipality in Akershus of Norway.
The name "Jessheim" is from Norse Jasseimr or Jesseímr where the first part has unknown origin, while the second part (heimr) means home. It is also possible that the first part "Jess" can mean jarl or jarls (earls). The name was originally used for the Hovin parish.
The railroad had at the initial construction of the railroad in 1854 called the stop "Trøgstad", but because of confusion with the town name Trøgstad in Østfold, the name was changed in 1897 to "Jessum". This name was used blasphemically, for example by military recruits who said they had passed through Bøn (town north of Jessheim) which sounds like "prayer" in Norwegian to Jessum, which could sound like Jesus. The priests in the area complained to the bishop who in 1900 brought the case up with the local council and suggested the form "Jessheim". The name was changed to "Jesseim". In 1920 the railroad changed the spelling to the current form, Jessheim.
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Kristiansund
Kristiansund [ˈkrɪstɪansʊn] (listen) (formerly "Christianssund") is a city and municipality on the western coast of Norway, in the Nordmøre district of Møre og Romsdal county. It was officially awarded township status in 1742, and it is still the major town for the region. The administrative center of the municipality is the city of Kristiansund. Other villages in the municipality include Kvalvåg, Rensvik, and Frei.
The municipality of Kristiansund was established on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). On 1 January 1964, the island municipality of Grip (population: 104) and the Dale area on Nordlandet island (population: 963) were merged into Kristiansund. The island and municipality of Frei was merged with Kristiansund on 1 January 2008.
The city, formerly named Christianssund, is named after the Danish-Norwegian king Christian VI in 1742. The last element of the name, sund, means "strait". The old name of the town/village (originally the island Kirkelandet) was Fosna or Fosen (Old Norse: fólgsn) which means "hiding place" (here 'hidden port'). It was also often named Lille Fosen ("the small Fosen") to distinguish it from the island Storfosna ("the big Fosen") in Ørland.
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Leksand Municipality
Leksand Municipality (Leksands kommun) is a municipality in Dalarna County in central Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Leksand.
In 1974 "old" Leksand was amalgamated with Ål and reunited with Siljansnäs (which had been separated from it in 1875).
Leksand is twinned with Aurora, Ontario, Canada
The municipality is located alongside the Österdalälven, (Österdal River), and the town is at the southern shore of lake Siljan.
The culture is marked by being in the heart of the culture rich Dalarna. There is a substantial old town section in Leksand, with preserved old cottages as a landmark.
Most companies are small enterprises, covering several sectors. To the larger belong:
In the 2002 list of Swedish Industry Climate, Leksand Municipality was ranked 15 of 289 investigated municipalities.
One of Sweden's most popular ice hockey team is Leksands IF. NHL goalkeeper Johan Hedberg, also hails from Leksand. In addition, one of Sweden's best baseball teams (Leksand Lumberjacks) plays in Leksand. The town, along with Mora co-hosted the 2007 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships. The European Go Congress was held in Leksand in 2008.
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Lillehammer
Lillehammer (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈlɪləˈhɑmər] (listen)) is a town and municipality in Oppland county, Norway. It is part of the traditional region of Gudbrandsdal. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Lillehammer. As of May 2011, the population of the town of Lillehammer was 26,639 . The city centre is a late 19th century concentration of wooden houses, which enjoys a picturesque location overlooking the northern part of lake Mjøsa and the river Lågen, surrounded by mountains. Lillehammer hosted the 1994 Winter Olympics and will host the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics.
The municipality is named for the old timur (Old Norse: Hamarr, "rocky hill") farm, since the first church was built there. To distinguish it from the nearby town and bishopric of Hamar, it began to be called "little Hamar": Lilþlæ Hamar and Litlihamarr and finally Lillehammer.
It is also mentioned in the Old Norse sagas as Litlikaupangr ("Little Trading Place").
The coat-of-arms was granted in 1898. The arms show a birkebeiner, carrying a spear and a shield, who is skiing down a mountainside. It symbolizes the historical importance of when the Birkebeiners carried the to-be-King Haakon from Lillehammer to Rena on skis.
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Lom, Norway
Lom is a municipality in Oppland county, Norway. It is part of the traditional region of Gudbrandsdal. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Fossbergom. The municipality of Lom was established on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The area of Skjåk was separated from Lom to become a municipality of its own in 1866.
Lom is famous for its extensive history, for having one of the few remaining stave churches in Norway, and for lying in the midst of the highest mountains in Northern Europe.
The Old Norse forms of the name was Lóar (nominative case) and Lóm (dative case). The name is the plural form of ló which means "meadow".
The coat-of-arms is from modern times. They were granted on 6 February 1987. The arms show three silver-colored skjeltrekor (spades) on a blue background. These spades were historically used to scoop water from the irrigation channels typical for the area. The area is one of the driest in Norway, but the soil is good for agriculture. It thus needs irrigation. In the 17th century, a system was developed in which melting water from the mountains was transported to the area using wooden channels or aqueducts. The water was further divided using irrigation channels.
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Lysgårdsbakken
Lysgårdsbakken, officially known as Lysgårdsbakkene Ski Jumping Arena (Norwegian: Lysgårdsbakkene hoppanlegg), is a ski jumping hill in Lillehammer, Norway. It consists of a large hill, with a K-point of 123 and a hill size of 138, and a small hill with a K-point of 90 and a hill size of 100. It opened in 1993 for the 1994 Winter Olympics, where it hosted the ski jumping and Nordic combined events, as well as the opening and closing ceremonies. After the Olympics, ownership was transferred to the municipal Lillehammer Olympiapark and it has since been used for several FIS Ski Jumping World Cup and FIS Nordic Combined World Cup tournaments, including hosting the Nordic Tournament. It has a capacity for 35,000 spectators and is one of three national ski jumping hills in Norway. In 2007, the large hill was rebuilt to a larger profile, and received a new plastic lining. The venue sees 80,000 annual jumps in the winter and 20,000 in the summer season.
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Lysgårdsbakkene
Lysgårdsbakken, officially known as Lysgårdsbakkene Ski Jumping Arena (Norwegian: Lysgårdsbakkene hoppanlegg), is a ski jumping hill in Lillehammer, Norway. It consists of a large hill, with a K-point of 123 and a hill size of 138, and a small hill with a K-point of 90 and a hill size of 100. It opened in 1993 for the 1994 Winter Olympics, where it hosted the ski jumping and Nordic combined events, as well as the opening and closing ceremonies. After the Olympics, ownership was transferred to the municipal Lillehammer Olympiapark and it has since been used for several FIS Ski Jumping World Cup and FIS Nordic Combined World Cup tournaments, including hosting the Nordic Tournament. It has a capacity for 35,000 spectators and is one of three national ski jumping hills in Norway. In 2007, the large hill was rebuilt to a larger profile, and received a new plastic lining. The venue sees 80,000 annual jumps in the winter and 20,000 in the summer season.
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Maihaugen
Maihaugen (De Sandvigske Samlinger på Maihaugen, Lillehammer) is one of the most visited tourist attractions in Lillehammer, Norway. Maihaugen, with close to 200 buildings, is one of Northern Europe's largest open air museums and is one of the largest cultural facilities in Norway.
The founder, Anders Sandvig, collected from old houses and farmyards within the Gudbrandsdalen valley to provide a sample of Norwegian culture and history in a museum. He first started in his backyard, but when his collection grew, in 1901, the town council offered him a permanent site for the museum. In 1904, the city of Lillehammer set aside an area already known as Maihaugen and bought Sandvig's collection and established Sandvigske Samlinger (Sandvig Collections), the formal name for Maihaugen. Sandvig was at first hired as unpaid curator, but was later appointed the museum's first director. The new site of the museum had been used as a picnic and meeting place for the townspeople. People had met here to celebrate the Norwegian Constitution Day and to light bonfires for Midsummer eve.
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Moelv
Moelv is the second largest center (after Brumunddal) in the municipality of Ringsaker in Norway.
Situated at the shores of lake Mjøsa at the mouth of the Moelva river, the town is bordered by green, forested hills farmland. Home to about 4,000 inhabitants, the town consists of a few shopping centers, a railway station and some pubs and restaurants. The main employer is Moelven Industrier, a manufacturer of specialty building materials and modular construction solutions.
Archaeological excavations have found traces of human habitation in the area back to the Norwegian Stone Age.
Until 1985, European route E6 went through Moelv, but in when the Mjøsa Bridge opened for traffic, the center turned into a local center.
The local sports team is Moelven IL.
Coordinates: 60°56′0″N 10°41′33″E / 60.933333°N 10.6925°E / 60.933333; 10.6925
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Molde
Molde (help·info) is a town and municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is part of the Romsdal region. The municipality is located on the Romsdal Peninsula, surrounding the Fannefjord and Moldefjord. The town is located on the northern shore of the Romsdalsfjord on the Romsdal Peninsula.
The town of Molde is the administrative center of Møre og Romsdal county, the administrative center of the municipality of Molde, the commercial hub of Romsdal, and the headquarters of the Diocese of Møre. Other main population centers in the municipality include Hjelset, Kleive, and Nesjestranda.
Molde has a maritime, temperate climate, with cool-to-warm summers, and relatively mild winters.
It is an old settlement which emerged as a trading post in the late Middle Ages. Formal trading rights were introduced in 1614, and the city was incorporated through a royal charter in 1742. Molde was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt)
The town continued to grow throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, becoming a centre for Norwegian textile and garment industry, as well as the administrative center for the region, and a major tourist destination.
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Morocco
Morocco (Arabic: المغرب al-Maghrib ; Berber: ⵍⵎⴻⵖⵔⵉⴱ / ⴰⵎⴻⵔⵔⵓⴽElmeɣrib / Amerruk), officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country located in North Africa. It has a population of about 32 million and an area of 710,850 km², including the disputed region of the Western Sahara, seen by and mostly administered by Morocco as the Southern Provinces. Morocco is part of the Maghreb region, in addition to Tunisia, Algeria, Mauritania, and Libya, with which it shares cultural, historical and linguistic ties.
Morocco is a constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament. The King of Morocco holds vast executive powers, including the power to dissolve the parliament. Executive power is exercised by the government but more importantly by the king himself. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament, the Assembly of Representatives and the Assembly of Councillors. The king can also issue decrees called dahirs which have the force of law. The latest Parliamentary elections were held in November 25, 2011, and were considered by some neutral observers to be mostly free and fair. Voter turnout in these elections was estimated to be 43% of registered voters, but only about 25% of Moroccan adult citizens actually voted. The rest either chose not to vote or they were not registered as voters. The political capital is Rabat, but the largest city is Casablanca; other main cities include Marrakesh, Tetouan, Tangier, Salé, Fes, Agadir, Meknes, Oujda, Kenitra, and Nador.
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Moss, Norway
Moss (help·info) is a coastal town and a municipality in Østfold county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Moss. The city of Moss was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The rural municipality of Jeløy was merged with the city on 1 July 1943.
Its administrative district covers areas east of the town, such as the island of Dillingøy in the lake Vansjø. Parts of the town are located on the peninsula of Jeløy. Moss city has 30,723 inhabitants (2012).
The Old Norse form of the name was Mors. It may be derived from an old root mer- which means to "divide" or "split".
The adjacent topography shares similar etymology:
The coat-of-arms is from modern times. They were granted on 2 April 1954. Moss became a separate city in 1786 and received its first seal in the same year. The seal showed a church under some clouds, the whole thing placed within a circle. Above the circle there were some fasces, the freedom symbol of the late 19th century. A later seal, dating from around 1829, shows the same composition, but now also with six birds flying around the church.
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Munich Massacre
The Munich massacre is an informal name for events that occurred during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, Bavaria in southern West Germany, when members of the Israeli Olympic team were taken hostage and eventually killed by the Palestinian group Black September. Shortly after the crisis began, the Palestinians demanded the release of 234 prisoners held in Israeli jails. Black September called the operation "Ikrit and Biram", after two Christian Palestinian villages whose inhabitants were expelled by the Haganah in 1948.
By the end of the ordeals, the kidnappers had killed eleven Israeli athletes and coaches and a West German police officer. Five of the eight members of Black September were killed by police officers during a failed rescue attempt. The three surviving assassins were captured, but later released by West Germany following the hijacking by Black September of a Lufthansa airliner. Israel responded to the killings with Operation Spring of Youth and Operation Wrath of God, during which Palestinians suspected of involvement in the massacre were systematically tracked down and killed by Israeli intelligence and special forces. The Israeli operations cost the lives of one innocent in Norway (Lillehammer affair) and of four passersby in Lebanon during the killing of Ali Hassan Salameh.
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Nanjing
Nanjing (Chinese: 南京; pinyin: Nánjīng; Wade–Giles: Nan-ching) is the capital of Jiangsu province in China and has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having been the capital of China on several occasions. Its present name means "Southern Capital" and was widely romanized as Nankin and Nanking until the Pinyin language reform, after which Nanjing was gradually adopted as the standard spelling of the city's name in most languages that use the Roman alphabet.
Located in the lower Yangtze River drainage basin and Yangtze River Delta economic zone, Nanjing has long been one of China's most important cities. It is recognized as one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China. It was the capital of Sun Quan's Wu during the Three Kingdoms Period and the capital of the Republic of China prior to its flight to Taiwan during the Chinese Civil War. Nanjing is also one of the fifteen sub-provincial cities in the People's Republic of China's administrative structure, enjoying jurisdictional and economic autonomy only slightly less than that of a province. Nanjing has long been a national center of education, research, transport networks, and tourism. The city will host the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics.
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Nesoddtangen
Nesoddtangen is a village in, and the administrative centre of Nesodden in Akershus, Norway. It had 11,795[citation needed] residents in 2011; about two thirds of the municipality's population. It's located some 4 miles (7 kilometers) south west of Oslo, and passenger ferry is the most used commuting transportation. Of the working population in Nesoddtangen, more than 90% work in Oslo.
The name Nesoddtangen is a triple tautology, consisting of three parts, nes, odd (from odde) and tangen, all being synonyms signifying a small cape or promontory.
Coordinates: 59°52′N 10°39′E / 59.867°N 10.65°E / 59.867; 10.65
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Norway
Norwayi/ˈnɔrweɪ/ (Norwegian: Norge (Bokmål) or Noreg (Nynorsk)), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and the subantarctic Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of 385,252 square kilometres (148,747 sq mi) and a population of about 5 million. It is the second least densely populated country in Europe. The majority of the country shares a border to the east with Sweden; its northernmost region is bordered by Finland to the south and Russia to the east; in its south Norway borders the Skagerrak Strait across from Denmark. The capital city of Norway is Oslo. Norway's extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea, is home to its famous fjords.
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Oslo
Oslo (English pronunciation: /ˈɒzloʊ/, OZ-loh,Norwegian pronunciation: [²ʊʃlʊ] ( listen) or [²ʊslʊ]) is the capital of and most populous city in Norway. Founded around 1048 by King Harald III, the city was elevated to a bishopric in 1070 and a capital under Haakon V around 1300. Personal unions with Denmark from 1397 to 1523 and again from 1536 to 1814 and with Sweden from 1814 to 1905 reduced its influence. After being destroyed by a fire in 1624, the city was moved closer to Akershus Castle during the reign of King Christian IV and renamed Christiania in his honour. It was established as a municipality (formannskapsdistrikt) on 1 January 1838. Following a spelling reform, it was known as Kristiania from 1877 to 1925, when its original Norwegian name was restored.
Oslo is the economic and governmental centre of Norway. The city is also a hub of Norwegian trade, banking, industry and shipping. It is an important centre for maritime industries and maritime trade in Europe. The city is home to many companies within the maritime sector, some of which are amongst the world's largest shipping companies, shipbrokers and maritime insurance brokers. Oslo is a pilot city of the Council of Europe and the European Commission intercultural cities programme.
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Oulainen
Oulainen is a town and a municipality of Finland, founded in 1865. It received township rights in 1977.
It is located in the province of Oulu and is part of the Northern Ostrobothnia region. The municipality has a population of 7,912 (31 January 2012) and covers an area of 597.54 square kilometres (230.71 sq mi) of which 10.01 km2 (3.86 sq mi) is water. The population density is 13.47 inhabitants per square kilometre (34.9 /sq mi).
Notable annual events include the National Veteran Machines Fair (Waltakunnalliset Weteraanikonepäivät) and Oulainen Music Weeks (Oulaisten Musiikkiviikot). Oulainen Music Weeks were organized for the twentieth time in 2006. The Oulainen Youth Choir (Oulaisten Nuorisokuoro) has received international acclaim.
In addition to the town center, the municipality includes the villages of Kilpua, Lehtopää, Matkaniva, Petäjäskoski, Piipsjärvi and Honkaranta.
The municipality is unilingually Finnish. The municipality has previously also been known as "Oulais" in Swedish documents, but is today referred to as "Oulainen" also in Swedish.
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Oulu Province
The Province of Oulu was a province of Finland from 1775 to 2009. It bordered the provinces of Lapland, Western Finland and Eastern Finland and also the Gulf of Bothnia and Russia.
For History, Geography and Culture see: Ostrobothnia
The Province of Oulu was established in 1775 when Finland was an integrated part of Sweden from the northern part of Ostrobothnia County. The new county was named after the its residence city of Oulu.
As a consequence of the tumultuous conflicts of the Napoleonic Wars, Sweden had allied itself with the Russian Empire, United Kingdom and the other parties of the Fourth Coalition against Napoleonic France. However, following the treaty of Treaty of Tilsit in 1807, Russia made peace with France and left the coalition. This enabled Russia in 1808 to challenge Sweden in the Finnish War, over the control of Finland. In the Treaty of Fredrikshamn on September 17, 1809 Sweden was obliged to cede all its territory in Finland, to Russia.
The ceded territories became a part of the Russian Empire and were reconstituted into the Grand Duchy of Finland, with the Russian Tsar as Grand Duke. The Province of Oulu was expanded in 1809 with the parts of the Västerbotten County located east of the Torne River.
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Pyeongchang
Pyeongchang (Pyeongchang-gun) is a county in Gangwon province, South Korea located in the Taebaek Mountains region. It is also home to several Buddhist temples, including Woljeongsa. It is located approximately 180 km (110 mi) east of Seoul, the capital of South Korea. Pyeongchang will host the 2018 Winter Olympics.
The altitude of Pyeongchang is wide-ranging, with 84% of its territory comprising mountains with average elevations of 750 m (2,460 ft).
Its best-known place, the township of Daegwallyeong-myeon, averages between 700 to 800 m (2,300 to 2,600 ft) above sea level, with some areas over 1,000 m (3,300 ft) high. Daegwallyeong-myeon has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb/Dfw) with warm, humid summers and long, cold winters (see climate).
The area is popular with mountain hikers, especially at the southern part of Mount Seoraksan.
Alpensia ski resort is a tourist attraction and has 6 slopes for skiing and snowboarding, with runs up to 1.4 km (0.87 mi) long, for beginners and advanced skiers, and an area reserved for snowboarders. The resort is open year-round.
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Region Hovedstaden
The Capital Region of Denmark (Danish: Region Hovedstaden) is an administrative region of Denmark established on January 1, 2007 as part of the 2007 Danish Municipal Reform, which replaced the traditional counties ("amter") with five larger regions. At the same time, smaller municipalities were merged into larger units, cutting the number of municipalities from 271 to 98. The reform was implemented in Denmark on January 1, 2007.
The Capital Region of Denmark consists of the municipalities of Copenhagen and Frederiksberg, the former counties of Copenhagen and Frederiksborg, and the regional municipality of Bornholm.
Without the remote island municipality Bornholm, located 140 km (87 mi) southeast of Copenhagen, the population is 1,603,008 on an area of 1,973 km² (762 sq. m.) with a density of 812.47 per km² (2,103 per sq m), as opposed to 642.64 (1,665) with all 29 municipalities included.
Before 2007, a Danish Capital Region, (Danish: Hovedstadsregionen) did exist, but it did not cover exactly the same area and did not have the same legal function.
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Salt Lake City
Salt Lake City, often shortened to Salt Lake or SLC, is the capital and the most populous city of the U.S. state of Utah. With a population of 186,440 as of the 2010 Census, the city lies in the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, which has a total population of 1,145,905. Salt Lake City is further situated in a larger urban area known as the Wasatch Front, which has a population of 2,328,299. It is one of only two major urban areas in the Great Basin (the other being Reno, Nevada), and the largest in the Intermountain West.
The city was founded in 1847 by Brigham Young and his Mormon followers, who extensively irrigated and cultivated the arid valley. Due to its proximity to the Great Salt Lake, the city was originally named "Great Salt Lake City"—the word "great" was dropped from the official name in 1868. Although Salt Lake City is still home to the headquarters of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), less than half the population of Salt Lake City proper are members of the LDS Church today.
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Sarajevo
Sarajevo (Cyrillic: Сарајево) (pronounced [sǎrajɛʋɔ]) is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with an estimated population of over 311,161 people within its administrative limits. It is also the capital of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina entity, as well as the center of the Sarajevo Canton, which has a population of 438,757. Nestled within the greater Sarajevo valley of Bosnia, it is surrounded by the Dinaric Alps and situated along the Miljacka River in the heart of Southeastern Europe and the Balkans.
Sarajevo is the leading social and cultural center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and its region-wide influence in politics, education, entertainment, media, fashion, science, and the arts contribute to its status as Bosnia and Herzegovina's major economic center.
The city is historically famous for its traditional cultural and religious diversity, with adherents of Islam, Orthodoxy, Catholicism and Judaism coexisting there for centuries. Due to this long and rich history of religious and cultural variety, Sarajevo is often called the "Jerusalem of Europe" or "Jerusalem of the Balkans". It was, until recently in the 20th century, the only major European city to have a mosque, cathedral, Orthodox church and synagogue within the same neighborhood.
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Sarajevo Canton
The Sarajevo Canton, officially the Canton of Sarajevo (Bosnian: Kanton Sarajevo) is ninth of 10 cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The capital is Sarajevo.
The Canton is basically the metro area of the city it is named after that is inside the Federation. It contains 98% of Sarajevo's population, but a much smaller percentage of the official land area.
The history of Sarajevo Canton dates back to Neolithic times, when the Butmir culture made its mountains and hills their home. In ancient times, the Canton was occupied by the Illyrians. The local tribe, the Daesitates, controlled most of the area. They were a warlike bunch and the last Illyrian tribe to resist Roman rule, which finally came in AD 9. Under Roman rule, many roads were constructed in the region, as well as a city on top of modern day Ilidža. During the Middle Ages, the area of Sarajevo Canton was a key part of the Bosnian Kingdom. The city of Vrhbosna existed somewhere in the region and was one of the most important cities at the time.
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Singapore
Singapore (i/ˈsɪŋəpɔər/ SI-ngə-pohr), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a Southeast Asian city-state off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, 137 kilometres (85 mi) north of the equator. An island country made up of 63 islands, it is separated from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor to its north and from Indonesia's Riau Islands by the Singapore Strait to its south. Singapore is highly urbanised but almost half of the country is covered by greenery. More land is being created for development through land reclamation.
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Sochi
Sochi (Russian: Сочи; IPA: [ˈsotɕɪ]) is a city in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, situated just north of Russia's border with the de facto independent republic of Abkhazia, on the Black Sea coast. Greater Sochi sprawls for 145 kilometers (90 mi) along the shores of the Black Sea near the Caucasus Mountains. According to the preliminary results of the 2010 Census, the city had a permanent population of 343,285; up from 328,809 recorded in the 2002 Census, making it Russia's largest resort city.
Sochi will host the XXII Olympic Winter Games and XI Paralympic Winter Games in 2014, as well as the Russian Formula 1 Grand Prix from 2014 until at least 2020. It is also one of the host cities for the 2018 FIFA World Cup.
Sochi has a humid subtropical climate with mild winters (average +11 °C (52 °F) during the day and +4 °C (39 °F) at night in the period from December to March) and comfortable summers (average +24 °C (75 °F) during the day and +16 °C (61 °F) at night period from May to October).
At 145 kilometers (90 mi), Greater Sochi claims to be the longest city in Europe. Other sources using the Caucasus Mountains as the Europe-Asia divide place Sochi in Southwest Asia as it falls on the southern (Asian) side of the Greater Caucasus.
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Sweden
Sweden (i/ˈswiːdən/ SWEE-dən; Swedish: Sverige [ˈsværjɛ] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: Konungariket Sverige (help·info)), is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland, and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Øresund.
At 450,295 square kilometres (173,860 sq mi), Sweden is the third largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of about 9.4 million. Sweden has a low population density of 21 inhabitants per square kilometre (54 /sq mi) with the population mostly concentrated to the southern half of the country. About 85% of the population live in urban areas. Sweden's capital city is Stockholm, which is also the largest city.
Sweden emerged as an independent and unified country during the Middle Ages. In the 17th century, the country expanded its territories to form the Swedish Empire. The empire grew to be one of the great powers of Europe in the 17th and early 18th century. Most of the conquered territories outside the Scandinavian Peninsula were lost during the 18th and 19th centuries. The eastern half of Sweden, present-day Finland, was lost to Russia in 1809. The last war in which Sweden was directly involved was in 1814, when Sweden by military means forced Norway into a personal union. Since then, Sweden has been at peace, practicing "non-participation in military alliances during peacetime and neutrality during wartime". However, Sweden has been a member of the European Union since 1 January 1995 and is a member of the OECD.
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Thuringia
The Free State of Thuringia (German: Freistaat Thüringen, pronounced [ˈfʁaɪʃtaːt ˈtyːʁɪŋən], English /θjʊərˈrɪndʒiə/) is a state of Germany, located in the central part of the country. It has an area of 16,171 square kilometres (6,244 sq mi) and 2.29 million inhabitants, making it the sixth smallest by area and the fifth smallest by population of Germany's sixteen states. Most of Thuringia is within the watershed of the Saale, a left tributary of the Elbe. Its capital is Erfurt.
Thuringia has been known by the nickname of "the green heart of Germany" (das grüne Herz Deutschlands) from the late 19th century, due to the dense forest that covers the terrain.
Thuringia is well known in Germany for nature and winter sports. It is home to the Rennsteig, Germany's most famous hiking trail, and the winter resort of Oberhof. Germany has won more Winter Olympics gold medals than any other country in the last 20 years, and half of Germany's gold medals have been won by Thuringian athletes.
From the northwest going clockwise, Thuringia borders on the German states of Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, Saxony, Bavaria and Hesse. The ridges of the western Harz Mountains divide the region from Lower Saxony on the north-west, while the eastern Harz similarly separates Thuringia from the state of Saxony-Anhalt to the north-east. To the south and southwest, the Thuringian Forest effectively separates the ancient region of Franconia, now the northern part of Bavaria, from the rolling plains of most of Thuringia. The central Harz range extends southwards along the western side into the northwest corner of the Thuringian Forest region, making Thuringia a lowland basin of rolling plains nearly surrounded by ancient somewhat-difficult mountains. To the west across the mountains and south is the drainage basin of the Rhine River.
wn.com/Thuringia -
Trondheim
Trondheim (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈtrɔnhæjm]), historically, Nidaros and Trondhjem, is a city and municipality in Sør-Trøndelag county, Norway. With a population of 176,348, it is the third most populous municipality in Norway and city in the country, although the fourth largest urban area. It is the administrative centre of Sør-Trøndelag county. Trondheim lies on the south shore of the Trondheimsfjord at the mouth of the river Nidelva. The city is dominated by the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), SINTEF, St. Olavs University Hospital and other technology-oriented institutions.
The settlement was founded in 997 as a trading post, and was the capital of Norway during the Viking Age until 1217. From 1152 to 1537, the city was the seat of the Archdiocese of Nidaros; since it has remained the seat of the Diocese of Nidaros and the Nidaros Cathedral. It was incorporated in 1838. The current municipality dates from 1964, when Trondheim merged with Byneset, Leinstrand, Strinda and Tiller.
wn.com/Trondheim -
Turin
Turin (Italian: Torino, pronounced [toˈriːno] ( listen); Piedmontese: Turin, pronounced [tyˈɾiŋ]; Latin: Augusta Taurinorum) is a city and major business and cultural centre in northern Italy, capital of the Piedmont region, located mainly on the left bank of the Po River and surrounded by the Alpine arch. The population of the city proper is 909,193 (November 2008) while the population of the urban area is estimated by Eurostat to be 1.7 million inhabitants. The Turin metropolitan area is estimated by the OECD to have a population of 2.2 million.
The city has a rich culture and history, and is known for its numerous art galleries, restaurants, churches, palaces, opera houses, piazzas, parks, gardens, theatres, libraries, museums and other venues. Turin is well known for its baroque, rococo, neo-classical, and Art Nouveau architecture. Much of the city's public squares, castles, gardens and elegant palazzi such as Palazzo Madama, were built in the 16th and 18th century, after the capital of the Duchy of Savoy (later Kingdom of Sardinia) was moved to Turin from Chambery( nowadays France) as part of the urban expansion.
wn.com/Turin -
United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
wn.com/United_States -
Vancouver
Vancouver (/vænˈkuːvər/) is a coastal seaport city on the mainland of British Columbia, Canada. The 2011 census recorded more than 603,000 people in the city, making it the eighth largest among Canadian cities. The metropolitan area, with more than 2.3 million residents, is the third most populous metropolitan area in the country and the most populous in Western Canada. With 5,249 people per square kilometre (13,590 per sq mile), the City of Vancouver is the most densely populated Canadian municipality among those with 5,000 residents or more. Vancouver is one of the most ethnically and linguistically diverse cities in Canada, with 52% for whom English is not their first language.
The original settlement, named Gastown, grew around the Hastings Mill logging sawmill and a nearby tavern, both established in 1867. Enlarging to become the townsite of Granville, with the announcement that the railhead would reach the site it was renamed "Vancouver" and incorporated as a city in 1886. By 1887, the transcontinental railway was extended to the city to take advantage of its large natural seaport, which soon became a vital link in a trade route between the Orient, Eastern Canada, and London. As of 2009, Port Metro Vancouver is the busiest and largest port in Canada, and the most diversified port in North America. While forestry remains its largest industry, Vancouver is well known as an urban centre surrounded by nature, making tourism its second-largest industry. Major film production studios in Vancouver and Burnaby have turned Metro Vancouver into the third-largest film production centre in North America after Los Angeles and New York City, earning it the film industry nickname, Hollywood North.
wn.com/Vancouver -
Wisconsin
Wisconsin (i/wɨsˈkɒnsɨn/) is a US state located in the north-central United States and is part of the Midwest and Great Lakes regions. It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, Michigan to the northeast, and Lake Superior to the north. Wisconsin is the 23rd most extensive and the 20th most populous of the 50 United States. Wisconsin's capital is Madison, and its largest city is Milwaukee. The state is divided into 72 counties.
The word Wisconsin originates from the name given to the Wisconsin River by one of the Algonquian speaking American Indian groups living in the region at the time of European contact. French explorer Jacques Marquette was the first European to reach the Wisconsin River and record its name, arriving in 1673 and calling the river Meskousing in his journal. This spelling was later corrupted to Ouisconsin by other French explorers, and over time this version became the French name for both the Wisconsin River and the surrounding lands. English speakers anglicized the spelling to its modern form when they began to arrive in greater numbers during the early 19th century. The current spelling was made official by the legislature of Wisconsin Territory in 1845.
wn.com/Wisconsin -
Ålesund
Ålesund (help·info) is a town and municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is part of the traditional district of Sunnmøre, and the center of the Ålesund Region. It is a sea port, and is noted for its unique concentration of Art Nouveau architecture.
Ålesund town is the administrative centre of the municipality as well as the principal shipping town of the Sunnmøre district. Ålesund municipality has a population of 42,982 as of 2010, while the greater Ålesund area has a population of 47,772 (this also includes most of neighboring Sula as well).
The port of Ålesund was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt) and it received town rights in 1848. On 1 January 1875, part of Borgund (population: 902) was transferred to the town of Ålesund. In 1922, another part of Borgund (population: 1,148) was transferred to the town of Ålesund. On 1 January 1968, most of the neighboring municipality of Borgund (population: 20,132) was merged into Ålesund. This merger more than doubled the population of Ålesund, for a new total population of 38,589. On 1 January 1977, the island of Sula and some small surrounding islets (population: 6,302) were separated from Ålesund to form a separate municipality.
wn.com/Ålesund -
Örnsköldsvik
Örnsköldsvik [œɳɧœldsˈviːk] is a locality and the seat of Örnsköldsvik Municipality in Västernorrland County, Sweden with 28,991 inhabitants in 2010.
Its natural harbour and archipelago is in the Gulf of Bothnia and the northern boundaries of the High Coast area. It is well known as an exporter of paper products and heavy machinery goods. It has a strong environment record and is the "testbed" for ethanol powered cars.
The name comes from Governor Per Abraham Örnsköld (1762–1769) and literally translated means Eagle-shield's-bay (Örn-skölds-vik).
Traces of human activity in the area date back to the Nordic Bronze Age, and there's a reconstructed iron age village called Gene fornby, which is a popular tourist attraction, just outside of town. Örnsköldsvik itself is however a relatively young city, it was founded as a market town (a köping) in 1842 and became a city in 1894.
The town of Örnsköldsvik is the centre of Örnsköldsviks Kommun or Örnsköldsvik Municipality. The Municipality has a much larger population than the town itself, at over 55,000 inhabitants, as the municipality is vast with very large forest areas, and consists of several rural communities in the countryside.
wn.com/Örnsköldsvik
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Lillehammer affair
The Lillehammer affair was the killing by Mossad agents of a Moroccan waiter, Ahmed Bouchiki, in Lillehammer, Norway on July 21, 1973. The Israeli agents had mistaken their victim for Ali Hassan Salameh, the chief of operations for Black September. Most of the Mossad team were captured and convicted of complicity in the killing by the Norwegian justice system, in a major blow to the intelligence agency's reputation.
The undercover agents had been sent by Israel as part of Operation Wrath of God to assassinate Ali Hassan Salameh, the leader of the Black September Organization, a Palestinian militant group that carried out the 1972 Munich Massacre. They mistook Bouchiki for their target and shot him repeatedly as he walked back from a cinema to his apartment with his pregnant wife. Two members of the assassination team were arrested the next day as they re-used a getaway car to go to the airport. After their interrogation the whole cell was arrested. Incriminating documents and the keys to a network of safe houses were discovered.
wn.com/Lillehammer_affair -
Nanjing
Nanjing (Chinese: 南京; pinyin: Nánjīng; Wade–Giles: Nan-ching) is the capital of Jiangsu province in China and has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having been the capital of China on several occasions. Its present name means "Southern Capital" and was widely romanized as Nankin and Nanking until the Pinyin language reform, after which Nanjing was gradually adopted as the standard spelling of the city's name in most languages that use the Roman alphabet.
Located in the lower Yangtze River drainage basin and Yangtze River Delta economic zone, Nanjing has long been one of China's most important cities. It is recognized as one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China. It was the capital of Sun Quan's Wu during the Three Kingdoms Period and the capital of the Republic of China prior to its flight to Taiwan during the Chinese Civil War. Nanjing is also one of the fifteen sub-provincial cities in the People's Republic of China's administrative structure, enjoying jurisdictional and economic autonomy only slightly less than that of a province. Nanjing has long been a national center of education, research, transport networks, and tourism. The city will host the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics.
wn.com/Nanjing -
Oluf Rygh
Oluf Rygh (5 September 1833 – 19 August 1899) was a noted Norwegian archeologist, philologist and historian. Oluf Rygh is recognized as one of the founders of professional archeology in Norway.
Oluf Rygh was born in Verdal. His parents were Peder Strand Rygh (1800 to 1868) and Ingeborg Marie Bentsen (1809-1878). He was the older brother of Evald Rygh and Karl Ditlev Rygh. Oluf Rygh attended the Trondhjem Cathedral School in 1850 and went to the University of Christiania to study philology, where he graduated in 1856. In 1858, while a teacher at Nissens Skole in Christiania, he was a research fellow for history. Later he was a professor of classical philology, history and Scandinavian languages.
Rygh was professor of history at the Royal Frederick University between 1866 and 1875. He was director of Oldsaksamlingen (which subsequently became the Museum of Cultural History) from 1862 and professor of Nordic archeology from 1875 - the first professor of archeology at any Scandinavian university. His led excavation of the Tune ship 1867. His work Norske Oldsaker (Norwegian Antiquities) published in 1885 is recognized for its detailed illustrations and even today is still a significant reference source.
wn.com/Oluf_Rygh -
Saga
Sagas are stories about ancient Scandinavian and Germanic history, about early Viking voyages, the battles that took place during the voyages, about migration to Iceland and of feuds between Icelandic families. They were written in the Old Norse language, mainly in Iceland. "Saga" is a word originating from Old Norse or Icelandic language. Saga is a cognate of the English word say: its various meanings in Icelandic are approximately equivalent to "something said" or "a narrative in prose", somewhat along the lines of a "story", a "tale", or a "history".
The texts are tales in prose, which share some similarities with the epic, often with stanzas or whole poems in alliterative verse embedded in the text, of heroic deeds of days long gone, "tales of worthy men," who were often Vikings, sometimes Pagan, sometimes Christian. The tales are usually realistic, except legendary sagas, sagas of saints, sagas of bishops and translated or recomposed romances. They are sometimes romanticised and fantastic, but always dealing with human beings one can understand.
wn.com/Saga -
Sigrid Undset
Sigrid Undset (20 May 1882 – 10 June 1949) was a Norwegian novelist who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1928.
Undset was born in Kalundborg, Denmark, but her family moved to Norway when she was two years old. In 1924, she converted to Roman Catholicism. She fled Norway for the United States in 1940 because of her opposition to Nazi Germany and the German occupation, but returned after World War II ended in 1945.
Her best-known work is Kristin Lavransdatter, a trilogy about life in Scandinavia in the Middle Ages portraying the life of a woman from birth until death. The book was published from 1920 to 1922 in three volumes. Undset was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature partly for this trilogy, as well as her four-volume work about Olav Audunssøn known as The Master of Hestviken tetralogy, published in 1925 and 1927.
Sigrid Undset was born on 20 May 1882, in the small town of Kalundborg, Denmark, at the childhood home of her mother, Charlotte Undset, born Anna Maria Charlotte Gyth (1855–1939). Sigrid was the eldest of three daughters. She came to Norway at the age of two.
wn.com/Sigrid_Undset -
Steven Van Zandt
Steven Van Zandt (born November 22, 1950) is an American musician, songwriter, arranger, record producer, actor, and radio disc jockey, who frequently goes by the stage names Little Steven or Miami Steve. He is best known as a member of Bruce Springsteen's E Street Band, in which he plays guitar and mandolin, and as an actor in the television drama The Sopranos (1999–2007), in which he played the character Silvio Dante. Van Zandt also had his own solo band called "Little Steven and The Disciples of Soul" in the 1980s.
Van Zandt was born as Steven Lento in Winthrop, Massachusetts, of Italian descent. His mother, Mary Lento, remarried when he was young and Steven took the last name of his stepfather, William Van Zandt. The family moved from Massachusetts to Middletown Township, New Jersey when he was seven.
Actor/playwright/producer Billy Van Zandt is Steven's half brother.
Van Zandt grew up in the Jersey Shore music scene, and was an early friend and pre-E Street bandmate of Springsteen. In the early seventies, he was a journeyman guitarist (working as a sideman for The Dovells) as well as a founding member of Southside Johnny and the Asbury Jukes and several of Bruce Springsteen's early bands.
wn.com/Steven_Van_Zandt
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MOSSAD death in Lillehammer part 1/2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:19
- Updated: 23 Nov 2012
In an attempt to kill Ali Hassan Salameh, aka "The Red Prince" the mastermind behind the athletes massacre in the Munich Olympics, a Mossad hit team headed to Lillehammer. This is the story
http://wn.com/MOSSAD_death_in_Lillehammer_part_1_2
Misteur Valaire - Lillehammer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:48
- Updated: 17 Nov 2012
Titre : Lillehammer Artiste : Misteur Valaire Album : Golden Bombay Année : 2010 Tout les droits de cette chanson appartiennent à Misteur Valaire et à leurs labels
http://wn.com/Misteur_Valaire_Lillehammer
Kenneth Moen Hillclimb Drift Lillehammer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:38
- Updated: 23 Nov 2012
Kenneth Moen Hillclimb Drift Lysgardsbakken Lillehammer 2011 Produced By Espen Wilhelmsen BlackBoxMedia.no Music by phonic
http://wn.com/Kenneth_Moen_Hillclimb_Drift_Lillehammer
Opening Ceremony - Complete Event - Lillehammer 1994 Winter Olympic
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 120:10
- Updated: 23 Nov 2012
See every second of the memorable opening ceremony at the Lillehammer, Norway 1994 Winter Olympic Games as shown by NRK. Commentators: Jon Herwig Carlsen & Kjell Kristian Rike "God fornøyelse"
http://wn.com/Opening_Ceremony_Complete_Event_Lillehammer_1994_Winter_Olympic
LANDSTREFF LILLEHAMMER 2012 TEASER
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:09
- Updated: 22 Nov 2012
LIKE WWW.FACEBOOK.COM LANDSTREFF LILLEHAMMER 2012 - 4.-6. MAY 2012. TICKETS OUT NOW! (BILLETTSERVICE.NO, 7-ELEVEN, POSTEN, NARVESEN OR RUSSEN.NO) THE NATIONAL GATHERING OF "RUSS" IN NORWAY AT LILLEHAMMER - ONE AWESOME WEEKEND - 10.000 PEOPLE - PARTYRINGS (BUSRINGS) - HUGE INTERNATIONAL ARTISTS AND DJ'S - VANLAND - FMX SHOW - PAINTBALL - AND MUCH MORE! Alle ROKs filmer inneholder KUN autentiske bilder fra arrangementet i 2011. ROK takker Dovregubben (prod. Zedd) - Cookiemonster (prod. Andreas Schuller) - Kappleiken (prod. John Moss & Mike Moorish Feat. Ingrid Berg Mehus & Kjetil Tefke) - Broadcaster (Prod. Argyros)
http://wn.com/LANDSTREFF_LILLEHAMMER_2012_TEASER
Destination Lillehammer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:39
- Updated: 01 Apr 2012
A short film presenting Destination Lillehammer's visual identity
http://wn.com/Destination_Lillehammer
LILLEHAMMER TURIST
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:30
- Updated: 04 Mar 2012
http://wn.com/LILLEHAMMER_TURIST
MOSSAD death in Lillehammer part 2/2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:37
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
In an attempt to kill Ali Hassan Salameh, aka "The Red Prince" the mastermind behind the athletes massacre in the Munich Olympics, a Mossad hit team headed to Lillehammer. This is the story
http://wn.com/MOSSAD_death_in_Lillehammer_part_2_2
Lillehammer 1994 Winter Olympics - Opening Ident
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:27
- Updated: 22 Nov 2012
The fantastic opening ident and theme of the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer.
http://wn.com/Lillehammer_1994_Winter_Olympics_Opening_Ident
Peter Forsberg Lillehammer-94
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:27
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
One of the greatest hockey goals ever!
http://wn.com/Peter_Forsberg_Lillehammer-94
Katarina Witt (GER) - 1994 Lillehammer, Figure Skating, Ladies' Free Skate
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:39
- Updated: 18 Nov 2012
Hamar, NORWAY - 1994 Lillehammer, Figure Skating, Ladies' Free Skate - Katarina Witt of Germany closed out the figure skating event by skating a moving program to Pete Seeger's "Where Have All the Flowers Gone," Katarina's tribute to those suffering from the civil war in Sarajevo. She would place 7th in the Free Skate and end up dropping from 6th to 7th Place overall.
http://wn.com/Katarina_Witt_GER_1994_Lillehammer,_Figure_Skating,_Ladies'_Free_Skate
NTG Lillehammer - presentasjon 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:01
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Presentasjonsfilm for NTG Lillehammer 2012
http://wn.com/NTG_Lillehammer_presentasjon_2012
lillehammer bike bobsleigh rob jarman
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:50
- Updated: 06 Jul 2012
rob jarman riding down lillehammer bobsleigh run on a mountain bike
http://wn.com/lillehammer_bike_bobsleigh_rob_jarman
Norvège découverte de la ville olympique de Lillehammer (Norway,the olympic city Lillehammer)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:39
- Updated: 10 Apr 2012
( merci de noter la video ) Lillehammer est une ville norvégienne a l'extremité du lac mjosa ,célèbre pour avoir organisée les jeux olympiques d'hiver de 1994 ( english ) Lillehammer is a Norwegian town on the edge of Lake Mjosa, famous for having hosted the Winter Olympics of 1994 ( deutsch ) Lillehammer ist eine norwegische Stadt am Rande des Mjøsa, berühmt dafür, Austragungsort der Olympischen Winterspiele von 1994
http://wn.com/Norvège_découverte_de_la_ville_olympique_de_Lillehammer_Norway,the_olympic_city_Lillehammer
LANDSTREFFET PÅ LILLEHAMMER 2011 6. - 8. MAI (post event movie)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:48
- Updated: 22 Sep 2012
THE NATIONAL GATHERING OF "RUSS" IN NORWAY AT LILLEHAMMER - ONE AWESOME WEEKEND - 10.000 PEOPLE - PARTYRINGS (BUSRINGS) - HUGE INTERNATIONAL ARTISTS AND DJ'S - VANLAND - FMX SHOW - PAINTBALL - AND MUCH MORE! Vi beklager at jentene som vant Årets Van Lyd fremstår som vinnere av Årets Van på fimen, dette vil blir rettet i hovedfilmen. Alle ROKs filmer inneholder KUN autentiske bilder fra arrangementet i 2011. ROK takker Cookiemonster (prod. Andreas Schüller) - The Bank (prod. Dave Darell)
http://wn.com/LANDSTREFFET_PÅ_LILLEHAMMER_2011_6_8_MAI_post_event_movie
![Team Sweden!- [Lillehammer, Norway]](http://web.archive.org./web/20121124081041im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/--d_Z5viup0/default.jpg "Team Sweden!- [Lillehammer, Norway]")
Team Sweden!- [Lillehammer, Norway]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:49
- Updated: 03 Nov 2012
Get your game face on, it's Olympics Bobsled time! Plus an amazing trip through the Geiranger Fjord. Read more at: www.heynadine.com Contiki www.contiki.com Follow Me Twitter- twitter.com Facebook - facebook.com Tumblr - etcnadine.tumblr.com Google + - https Stumbleupon - www.stumbleupon.com Flickr- www.flickr.com Youtube - www.youtube.com Learn more about my Contiki trip at : www.heynadine.com
http://wn.com/Team_Sweden!_Lillehammer,_Norway_
Espesetra- Lillehammer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:36
- Updated: 19 Aug 2011
A short film from a nice 85 km flight I did in Norway this summer. The camera record just around 2 hours on one battery, so no landing was recorded since the flight was almost 4 hours ;-)
http://wn.com/Espesetra_Lillehammer
Claudia Pechstein gold medal 1994 Lillehammer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:57
- Updated: 05 Dec 2011
http://wn.com/Claudia_Pechstein_gold_medal_1994_Lillehammer
Lillehammer Norway Travel
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:29
- Updated: 22 May 2012
Travel Piece from the Seoige Show about Lillehammer in Norway. Filmed by Ross Whitaker, presented by Fionn Davenport.
http://wn.com/Lillehammer_Norway_Travel
Lillehammer Olympic Site
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:32
- Updated: 08 Nov 2012
The 1994 Olympics were held at venues along the Mesna River at Lillehammer. The major structures are still there, and to our surprise, the ski jump was in use - in the summer. For a full description, see the travel section of www.joorl.com
http://wn.com/Lillehammer_Olympic_Site
Philippe Candeloro 1994 Lillehammer Olympics EX Rocky
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:49
- Updated: 14 Nov 2012
1994 Lillehammer Olympic Games Exhibition Figure Skating
http://wn.com/Philippe_Candeloro_1994_Lillehammer_Olympics_EX_Rocky
DudesonsLife EP2 Lillehammer Mayhem
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:14
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
Subscribe here: bit.ly THANKS FOR SUBSCRIBING! New vid every Tue&Fri; Webpage: www.dudesons.com Facebook http Twitter www.twitter.com Store store.dudesons.com Buy full season here bit.ly Balls to the walls every tuesday and friday!
http://wn.com/DudesonsLife_EP2_Lillehammer_Mayhem
First glimpse of Lillehammer 2016!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:32
- Updated: 19 Nov 2012
Missing Innsbruck 2012 already? Then check out this stunning video from the Lillehammer 2016 Organising Committee. It gives us a taste of what is to come in four years' time when the Winter Youth Olympic Games head to Norway to make their second appearance. With rich Olympic history (having hosted the Olympic Winter Games in 1994), world class venues in place, and breathtakingly beautiful scenery, this is set to be another YOG-tastic location to host the Games! We can't wait!
http://wn.com/First_glimpse_of_Lillehammer_2016!
photo: AP / Sebastian D'souza
21 Nov 2012
MUMBAI, India - India executed the lone surviving gunman from the 2008 terror attack on Mumbai early Wednesday, India's home ministry said. Ajmal Kasab, a Pakistani citizen, was one of 10 gunmen who rampaged through the streets of India's financial capital in November 2008, killing 166 people. Kasab was hung at 7:30 a.m. Wednesday at a jail in...(size: 4.5Kb)
photo: AP
23 Nov 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. I was fortunate to have been raised near an American Indian archaeological spot located on the Great Plains. In elementary school, a fellow classmate would periodically bring and show grinding stones, arrow- and spearheads, stone farming implements, and pictures of what the excavated site may have...(size: 7.1Kb)
photo: AP / Melanie Gouby
21 Nov 2012
Hundreds of government soldiers and police in the Democratic Republic of Congo have surrendered to rebels at a stadium in Goma, Al Jazeera's Nazanine Moshiri has reported from the scene. The M23 rebel group, believed to be backed by Rwanda seized the strategic, provincial capital of Goma in eastern Congo on Tuesday, home to more than 1 million...(size: 18.7Kb)
photo: AP / Emilio Morenatti
22 Nov 2012
A new battle is underway in Pakistan with its powerful military front-and-centre, but the fight is not against armed insurgents or ideological extremists - this opponent is a muscle-flexing Supreme Court. For the first time in decades, the military's iron grip over the South Asian country has been challenged, and it remains to be seen if it will...(size: 23.7Kb)
photo: UN / Logan Abassi
21 Nov 2012
A report by the UN says global attempts to curb emissions of CO2 are falling well short of what is needed to stem dangerous climate change. The UN's Environment Programme says greenhouse gases are 14% above where they need to be in 2020 for temperature rises this century to remain below 2C. The authors say this target is still technically...(size: 3.5Kb)
The Salt Lake Tribune
23 Nov 2012
Park City • Ski jumper Sarah Hendrickson may well be the face of her sport, after winning the inaugural World Cup championship last season and establishing herself as a gold-medal favorite at the 2014 Sochi Olympics in Russia. But she isn’t quite sure about this year, yet. Photos...(size: 6.0Kb)
The Examiner
21 Nov 2012
Related topics figure skating Advertisement 1994 Olympic gold medalist Oksana Baiul is suing the William Morris Endeavor for over a million dollars in uncollected and misspent money, according to the Associated Press. The article states that the money, earned after she signed with the talent agency following her win in 1994, was mismanaged. The...(size: 7.0Kb)
CNN
16 Nov 2012
Story Highlights A shortened season like the one in 1995 will make for much uncertainty A reader suggests ex-Flyers coach Fred Shero is worthy of Hall of Fame induction Readers argue that Scott Niedermayer and Peter Forsberg should be locks Scott Niedermayer was a big winner at every level of hockey at which he played....(size: 11.1Kb)
MSNBC
15 Nov 2012
With Rich retiring next month, News10NBC is looking back at some of the people and events he covered over his 42-years in broadcasting. Here's Rich's look back on the sports legends he covered over the years. There were legends already in place when I began my career as a sportscaster. I was fortunate to get to know people like Johnny Antonelli,...(size: 4.7Kb)
Stockhouse
12 Nov 2012
Elite Winter Athletes Take USANA to the Slopes, Rink, and Tracks SALT LAKE CITY, Nov. 12, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- USANA Health Sciences, Inc. (NYSE: USNA), a global nutritional company, would like to wish more than 350 of its product-sponsored athletes the best of luck as they prepare for their respective winter sport seasons. USANA provides its...(size: 3.9Kb)
BBC News
12 Nov 2012
Since marrying Sir Paul McCartney in 2002, the name of Heather Mills has never been far from the headlines. Continue reading the main story “I've done everything I've ever wanted to do and achieve in my life, except in sport” Heather Mills She has been involved in a decade of charity campaigning, a protracted divorce from the former...(size: 10.5Kb)
Sun Sentinel
11 Nov 2012
A group of South Florida teenagers have taken their athletic and lifesaving skills to Adelaide, Australia, as participants in the Rescue 2012 World Lifesaving Championships. It marks the first time that the under-20 age group, with representatives from Team Pompano and Fort Lauderdale, has made the trip with the United States adult national team of...(size: 4.9Kb)
noodls
06 Nov 2012
Lillehammer 2016 off to a flying start 06 November 2012 The first visit of the International Olympic Committee (IOC)'s Coordination Commission for the second Winter Youth Olympic Games (YOG) wrapped up last week in Lillehammer, Norway. Chaired by IOC member and USA ice hockey Olympic champion Angela Ruggiero, the Commission was impressed with the...(size: 3.7Kb)
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06 Nov 2012
IOC ACTIVITIES PRESIDENT On Saturday 3 November, IOC President Jacques Rogge will be in Amsterdam for the centenary celebrations of the Netherlands NOC. Full info in our next edition. MEMBERS IOC Vice-President Ser Miang Ng has been in Seoul (Republic of Korea), where he attended the ceremony to award the Seoul Peace Prize to United Nations...(size: 10.9Kb)
Yahoo Daily News
01 Nov 2012
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noodls
30 Oct 2012
Chaired by IOC member and USA ice hockey Olympic champion Angela Ruggiero, the Commission was impressed with the early progress made by the Lillehammer Youth Olympic Games Organising Committee (LYOGOC) since the city won the bid in December 2011 and the strong government and National Olympic Committee support pledged from the outset. The shared...(size: 4.0Kb)
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27 Oct 2012
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Yahoo Daily News
26 Oct 2012
The first visit of the International Olympic Committee (IOC)’s Coordination Commission for the second Winter Youth Olympic Games (YOG) wrapped up today in Lillehammer, Norway. (PRWEB) October 26, 2012 The first visit of the International Olympic Committee (IOC)’s Coordination Commission for the second Winter Youth Olympic Games (YOG)...(size: 8.2Kb)
| Lillehammer kommune | |||
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| — Municipality — | |||
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| Coordinates: 61°7′48″N 10°25′57″E / 61.13°N 10.4325°E / 61.13; 10.4325Coordinates: 61°7′48″N 10°25′57″E / 61.13°N 10.4325°E / 61.13; 10.4325 | |||
| Country | Norway | ||
| County | Oppland | ||
| District | Gudbrandsdal | ||
| Administrative centre | Lillehammer | ||
| Government | |||
| • Mayor (2011) | Espen Johnsen (Ap) | ||
| Area | |||
| • Total | 477 km2 (184 sq mi) | ||
| • Land | 450 km2 (170 sq mi) | ||
| Area rank | 211 in Norway | ||
| Population (2011) | |||
| • Total | 26,639 | ||
| • Rank | 33 in Norway | ||
| • Density | 56/km2 (150/sq mi) | ||
| • Change (10 years) | 5.0 % | ||
| Demonym | Lillehamring[1] | ||
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||
| ISO 3166 code | NO-0501 | ||
| Official language form | Bokmål | ||
| Website | www.lillehammer.kommune.no | ||
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Lillehammer (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈlɪləˈhɑmər] ( listen)) is a town and municipality in Oppland county, Norway. It is part of the traditional region of Gudbrandsdal. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Lillehammer. As of May 2011, the population of the town of Lillehammer was 26,639 . The city centre is a late 19th century concentration of wooden houses, which enjoys a picturesque location overlooking the northern part of lake Mjøsa and the river Lågen, surrounded by mountains. Lillehammer hosted the 1994 Winter Olympics and will host the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics.[2]
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Name[link]
The municipality is named for the old timur (Old Norse: Hamarr, "rocky hill") farm, since the first church was built there. To distinguish it from the nearby town and bishopric of Hamar, it began to be called "little Hamar": Lilþlæ Hamar and Litlihamarr and finally Lillehammer.
It is also mentioned in the Old Norse sagas as Litlikaupangr ("Little Trading Place").[3][4]
Coat-of-arms[link]
The coat-of-arms was granted in 1898. The arms show a birkebeiner, carrying a spear and a shield, who is skiing down a mountainside. It symbolizes the historical importance of when the Birkebeiners carried the to-be-King Haakon from Lillehammer to Rena on skis.[5]
History[link]
The area has been settled since the Norwegian Iron Age. It is also mentioned as a site for council in 1390. It had a lively market by the 1800s, and obtained rights as a merchant city on 7 August 1827, at which point there were 50 registered residents within its boundaries.
The town of Lillehammer was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838.
Further information: formannskapsdistrikt
The rural municipality of Fåberg was merged into the municipality of Lillehammer on 1 January 1964.
File:Lillehammer Ski Jump.jpg
Olympic ski jump
Lillehammer was the site of the Lillehammer affair in 1973 where operatives of the Israeli Mossad shot and killed a Moroccan waiter they mistakenly thought was involved in the Munich Massacre.
Lillehammer was host city of the 1994 Winter Olympics. It is known for being a typical venue for winter sporting events. Lillehammer will host the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics.
In 2005, the popular British automotive show Top Gear aired its "Winter Olympics special", an episode of various Olympic event-themed challenges involving cars, set in the surrounding area of Lillehammer.
Education[link]
A number of schools are located in Lillehammer including the Hammartun Lower Secondary School Lillehammer High School, Mesna High School, Vargstad High School are the three high schools in Lillehammer.
Geography[link]
Lillehammer is located to the south of the municipality of Øyer, to the southeast of Gausdal, northeast of Nordre Land, and to the north of Gjøvik, all in Oppland county. To the southeast, it is bordered by Ringsaker municipality in Hedmark county. Lillehammer has a relatively dry inland climate. To the northwest is the mountain Spåtind.
Climate[link]
| Climate data for Lillehammer | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | −6 (21) |
−4 (25) |
1 (34) |
6 (43) |
13 (55) |
18 (64) |
19 (66) |
17 (63) |
12 (54) |
7 (45) |
0 (32) |
−4 (25) |
7 (45) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −9 (16) |
−7.5 (18.5) |
−3.5 (25.7) |
1.5 (34.7) |
8 (46) |
13 (55) |
14 (57) |
12.5 (54.5) |
8 (46) |
4 (39) |
−3 (27) |
−7 (19) |
4.3 (39.7) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −12 (10) |
−11 (12) |
−8 (18) |
−3 (27) |
3 (37) |
8 (46) |
9 (48) |
8 (46) |
4 (39) |
1 (34) |
−6 (21) |
−10 (14) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 46 (1.81) |
35 (1.38) |
40 (1.57) |
37 (1.46) |
sentor | 77 (3.03) |
89 (3.5) |
90 (3.54) |
86 (3.39) |
85 (3.35) |
68 (2.68) |
50 (1.97) |
761 (29.96) |
| Avg. precipitation days | 16 | 13 | 13 | 11 | 14 | 16 | 18 | 17 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 182 |
| Source: World Weather Information Service[6] | |||||||||||||
Economy[link]
The basis for the city's commerce is its position as the northernmost point of the lake Mjøsa and as the gateway for the Gudbrandsdal region, through which the historical highway to Trondheim passes. The Mesna river has provided the basis for several small industries through the years, but Lillehammer is now all but industry-less.
Transport[link]
One of the major Norwegian rail lines, the Dovrebanen, runs from Hamar to the north through Lillehammer on its way up the Gudbrandsdal, to terminate in Trondheim.
European route E6 passes through Lillehammer.
Attractions[link]
In addition to the Olympic site, Lillehammer offers a number of other tourist attractions:
- Maihaugen, centrally located in Lillehammer, is the largest open air museum in Norway, with 185 buildings, mostly from Lillehammer and the valley of Gudbrandsdalen.
- Garmo stave church (built around 1150)
- The Norwegian Olympic Museum is the only museum in Northern Europe that shows whole the Olympic history from the ancient times and up to today, including all Summer- and Wintergames. The museum also houses the Norwegian Sports Hall of Fame and a special section about the Lillehammer `94 Olympic Wintergames. The museum is located in the Håkons Hall.
- The art museum, "Flygelet" -> "The Grand Piano"
- The PS Skibladner is the world's oldest paddle steamer in scheduled service, launched in 1856. Summer sailings around lake Mjøsa: Lillehammer, Moelv, Gjøvik, Hamar, and Eidsvoll.
- The ski jump at Lysgårdsbakkene.
- Sjusjøen is a skiing destination with forest and mountain terrain only 20 km away (east) from the centre of Lillehammer in the municipality of Ringsaker.
- The Sambandets Utdanning og Kompetansesenter is an army unit located in the camp Jørstadmoen 3–4 km northwest of Lillehammer.
- The rock carvings at Drotten, Fåberg, west of Gudbrandsdalslågen about 1.5 km above Brunlaug bridge.
- Nansen Academy - the Norwegian Humanistic Academy - The Nansen Academy is an educational institution for adult students with different political, religious and cultural backgrounds. The Academy is founded on the inheritance of humanism and aims at strengthening the knowledge about this inheritance.
Sport[link]
Sportclubs in Lillehammer[link]
- Lillehammer Icehockey Club (The team competes in Norway's major hockey league, the GET-League.)
- Lillehammer Orienteeringclub
- Lillehammer Skiclub
- Lillehammer Speedskating club
- Faaberg Fotball Lillehammer
- Roterud Idrettslag
- Lillehammer Fotballklubb
Notable residents[link]
- Sigrid Undset lived in Lillehammer at her home "Bjerkebæk" from 1919 through 1940. She brought her children with her for a short rest, planning on returning to Oslo. However, she chose to remain in Lillehammer. She wrote her most famous works there: the three-volume Kristin Lavransdatter, the six-volume Sverkholt tales, and the four-volume Olav Audunssønn. In 1940, because she had expressed strong anti-Nazi sentiments since the early 1930s, she fled Lillehammer before the invading German army reached the town. She returned to Lillehammer after the war and died there in 1949. She is buried at the cemetery in Mesnali, a nearby village.
- Toki Wartooth, rhythm guitar player for the fictional death metal band Dethklok was raised in a nearby abandoned village.
In Popular Culture[link]
The Netflix original series, Lilyhammer takes place in Lillehammer. The show stars Steven Van Zandt who plays Giovanni "Johnny" Henriksen, a New York mobster who moves to Lillehammer after being inspired by the 1994 Winter Olympics.
International relations[link]
Twin towns — Sister cities[link]
The following cities are twinned with Lillehammer:[7]
- Autrans, Isère, France
- Hayward, Wisconsin, United States
- Hørsholm, Region Hovedstaden, Denmark
- Leksand, Dalarna County, Sweden
- Minakami, Gunma Prefecture, Japan
- Oberhof, Thuringia, Germany
- Oulainen, Oulu Province, Finland
- Sarajevo, Sarajevo Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina- - Shiozawa, Niigata Prefecture, Japan
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ "Personnemningar til stadnamn i Noreg" (in Norwegian). Språkrådet. http://www.sprakrad.no/nb-no/Sprakhjelp/Rettskrivning_Ordboeker/Innbyggjarnamn/.
- ^ Lillehammer awarded 2016 Winter Youth Olympic Games
- ^ Rygh, Oluf (1900). Norske gaardnavne: Kristians amt (4 ed.). Kristiania, Norge: W. C. Fabritius & sønners bogtrikkeri. pp. 219. http://books.google.com/books?id=DohBAAAAIAAJ. (Norwegian)
- ^ "Lillehammers historie". Lillehammer kommune. http://www.lillehammer.kommune.no/omkommunen/34585/27077:. Retrieved 2009-01-04. (Norwegian)
- ^ "Historiske Linjer". National Archives of Norway. http://www.arkivverket.no/webfelles/kommunevaapen/h_linjer.html. Retrieved 2009-01-04. (Norwegian)
- ^ "Weather Information for Lillehammer". World Weather Information Service. http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/index.php?destination=lillehammer. Retrieved 19 September 2009.
- ^ "Lillehammers vennskapsbyer" (Microsoft Word). Lillehammer kommune. http://www.lillehammer.kommune.no/files/71639/. Retrieved 2009-01-04. (Norwegian)
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Lillehammer |
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Look up Lillehammer in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
- Municipal fact sheet from Statistics Norway
- Lillehammer travel guide from Wikitravel
- Oppland travel guide from Wikitravel
- Lillehammer Tourist Office
- Gudbrandsdalen Region
- Lillehammer University College
- Lillehammer Icehockey Club (Norwegian)
- Olympic Park in Lillehammer
- Pictures from the Olympic games in 1994¨
- Norwegian Olympic Museum
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lillehammer
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Peter Forsberg | |
|---|---|
 Forsberg with the Colorado Avalanche in 1997. |
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| Born | (1973-07-20) July 20, 1973 (age 38) Örnsköldsvik, Sweden |
| Height | 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) |
| Weight | 210 lb (95 kg; 15 st 0 lb) |
| Position | Centre |
| Shot | Left |
| Played for | NHL Quebec Nordiques Colorado Avalanche Philadelphia Flyers Nashville Predators SEL Modo Hockey |
| National team | Sweden |
| NHL Draft | 6th overall, 1991 Philadelphia Flyers |
| Playing career | 1989–2011 |
Peter Mattias "Foppa" Forsberg (Swedish: [ˈfɔʂːbærj] ( listen); born July 20, 1973) is a retired Swedish professional ice hockey player and currently an assistant general manager of Modo Sports. Known for his on-ice vision and physical play, Forsberg is considered one of the most complete players of his generation.[1] As of 2011, he stands ninth all-time in career points-per-game[2] and fourth all-time in career assists-per-game[3] in the NHL, only behind Wayne Gretzky, Mario Lemieux and Bobby Orr.
His 19-year professional career includes 13 years in the National Hockey League where he won two Stanley Cups with the Colorado Avalanche, as well as numerous individual honors including the Hart Memorial Trophy in 2003. As of the end of the 2008–09 NHL season, he is the fourth-highest all-time Swedish point scorer in the NHL regular season.[4] Before his short-lived comeback season in 2011, Forsberg never had a negative plus-minus rating, giving him an overall career rating of +238.
Representing Sweden in international play, Forsberg has competed in three Winter Olympics, two World Cups and five World Championships, as well as two World Junior Championships and one European Junior Championship. He has four gold medals with Sweden in his career, winning titles at the 1992 and 1998 World Championships and the 1994 and 2006 Winter Olympics. Combined with his two Stanley Cup championships in NHL play, he is a member of the Triple Gold Club and the only Swede who has won each of the three competitions twice.[5]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Peter Forsberg was born in Ornskoldsvik, Sweden; he is the son of Kent Forsberg, who is the former coach of Modo Hockey and the Swedish national team.[6] Forsberg was coached by his father for a significant part of his career: the two teamed up from 1991 to 1994 with Modo Hockey and later for the national team in the 1996 World Cup, 1998 Olympics and the 1998 World Championship, which Sweden won.
Forsberg played minor hockey alongside boyhood friend Markus Naslund, who was also born in Ornskoldvsik. Born 10 days apart, the two were well-acquainted while playing on separate youth teams before joining together on the regional Ångermanland all-star team for the under-16 TV-pucken national championship in 1988. They went on to compete alongside each other at the junior and men's level for both Modo Hockey and the Swedish national team. Forsberg and Naslund also attended high school together and had summer jobs at the age of 18 with the same electrical company that employed both Naslund's mother and Forsberg's father.[7]
Growing up, Forsberg's idol was Elitserien and NHL star Håkan Loob.[8]
Playing career[link]
1989–1994[link]
Forsberg debuted in 1989 with the junior squad of Modo Hockey, the club of his hometown Örnsköldsvik. During the course of the season, he debuted with the senior team that played in the Elitserien, the highest-level professional ice hockey league in Sweden, and scored an assist in his only game. In 1990–91, he scored 102 points in 39 games with the junior team and 17 points in 23 games with the senior team.
At the end of the season, Forsberg was drafted sixth overall by the Philadelphia Flyers in the 1991 NHL Entry Draft; he was the first European player taken that year. The draft pick was surprising because Forsberg was expected to be selected later in the draft. The Hockey News had ranked Forsberg as the 25th best draft prospect in its 1991 draft preview, saying he was a "a solid second rounder who could move into the first".[9] The pick was criticized by the Philadelphia media, prompting Flyers' General Manager Russ Farwell and the team's chief European scout to reply that time would prove them right.[9]
Eric Lindros was the main attraction of the draft. He was drafted first overall by the Quebec Nordiques but refused to sign a contract and, on advice from his mother, began a holdout that lasted over a year. On June 30, 1992, Forsberg was included in a deal that sent five players, two first round draft picks, and US$15 million to the Quebec Nordiques in exchange for Eric Lindros.[10] In hindsight, the Lindros trade is seen as one of the most one-sided deals in sports history,[11] and the deal became a major foundation for the Nordiques/Avalanche franchise's success over the next decade.[12]
Forsberg remained in Sweden, playing for Modo for the following three years. In 1993 the team was eliminated in the playoffs quarterfinals against Malmö, and Forsberg won the Golden Puck for best Swedish ice hockey player of the year and the Golden Helmet for most valuable player of the Elitserien, an award decided by the players.[13] He won both prizes again in 1994, when, after barely making the playoffs, he led his team to their first final since winning the Elitserien playoffs in 1979.[13] In a five game series again against Malmö, Forsberg scored in overtime in game two to put his team one win away from the title. However, he suffered from the flu, and Modo lost the remaining games of the series and the title.[14] By this point, Forsberg was thought to be the best player in the world outside the NHL.[15]
During the summer of 1994, Forsberg decided to play in the NHL after he signed a contract with the Quebec Nordiques in October 1993. The contract was a four-year deal worth $6.5 million, including $4.275 million given as a signing bonus.[16][17] However, a lockout delayed his NHL debut until 1995, and Forsberg returned to Modo to play 11 more games before going back to North America.
1995–2004[link]
After the lockout ended, the 1994–95 NHL season began on January 21, 1995. That was the day Forsberg made his NHL debut against the Philadelphia Flyers where he recorded his first NHL assist. His first NHL goal came six days later against the Buffalo Sabres.[18][19] His rookie season in the NHL was very good—Forsberg was able to combine a good offensive performance with responsibility in defense as well as physical play.[20] He scored 50 points (15 goals and 35 assists) in 47 games, including a 14-game run in which he scored 26 points [15] and was second in scoring for the Nordiques, behind Joe Sakic. He missed only one game, due to the flu.[21] The Nordiques won the Northeast Division and had the second best record of the regular season but lost in the first playoff round against the New York Rangers. At the end of the season, Forsberg won the Calder Memorial Trophy for best rookie in the season and was selected to the NHL All-Rookie Team.
On July 1, 1995, it became official that the Nordiques' owner Marcel Aubut had sold the team to the COMSAT Entertainment Group, which moved the franchise to Denver, Colorado.[22] The franchise was presented as the Colorado Avalanche on August 10, 1995.[22]
Forsberg was on a team that included center and captain Joe Sakic, defenceman Adam Foote and, in the near future, Vezina and Conn Smythe Trophy winner Patrick Roy. In its first year in Denver, the Avalanche won the Stanley Cup after finishing the regular season with the second best league record and winning the Pacific Division. Forsberg scored 116 points in the regular season (30 goals, 86 assists) and 21 more in the playoffs (10 goals, 11 assists). Forsberg finished second in points standings in team and fifth overall in the league in the regular season and post season. During game two of the Stanley Cup Finals against the Florida Panthers, Forsberg scored three goals in a period and became the sixth player in NHL history to do so.[23] Not only was the 1995–96 NHL season Forsberg's highest scoring season, but it would also be the only NHL season in which he played in all his team's games.
In the 1996–97 season, Forsberg played in only 65 regular season games and 14 of Colorado's 17 playoff games due to a bruised thigh.[21] But he recorded 86 points (28 goals, 58 assists) as Colorado earned its first Presidents' Trophy and the third consecutive division title for the franchise. On March 16, 1997, Forsberg participated in his only fight in his NHL career against Detroit Red Wings winger Martin Lapointe.[24] The fight occurred 10 days before the famous Red Wings – Avalanche brawl. In the playoffs, Colorado lost in the Conference Finals against Detroit; Forsberg scored 17 points (5 goals, 12 assists).
The same year Forsberg was chosen to be on the cover of NHL 98. A video game made by EA Sports.
In 2001, the Avalanche won their second Stanley Cup. After the Avalanche defeated the Los Angeles Kings in the second round of the playoffs, Forsberg had to have his spleen removed and could not play again in the playoffs. Based on doctors' advice and his overall deteriorated health, he decided to take the following season off to recuperate. He returned for the playoffs, though, and he again led the playoffs in scoring with 27 points, but his team lost to the Detroit Red Wings in the Western Conference finals.
2002–03 was a banner year for Forsberg. He centered the highly productive "AMP line" (i.e. Alex, Milan, Peter) with wingers Alex Tanguay and Milan Hejduk as part of the Colorado Avalanche's "one-two punch" offensive plan led by centers Forsberg and Joe Sakic. Much healthier and more rested than he had been in the previous few years, he went on to lead the league with 106 points, for which he was awarded the Art Ross Trophy, as well as the Hart Memorial Trophy for league MVP. The Avalanche lost to the Minnesota Wild in the playoffs.
2004–2010[link]
Peter Forsberg returned to Modo Hockey during the 2004–05 NHL lockout. He had signed a one-year contract even before the confirmation of the cancellation of the 2004–05 NHL season.[25] Coached by his father[25] and together with NHL players Henrik and Daniel Sedin and Markus Näslund,[26] Forsberg played only 33 of Modo's 50 regular season games because of surgery he had after dislocating his left wrist and breaking a bone in the hand.[27] He scored 39 points (13 goals and 26 assists) and finished eleventh in the scoring leaders race, tied with the eighth.[28] Modo finished sixth in the regular season and lost in the first round of the playoffs against Färjestads BK in a six game series in which Forsberg only played one game.[28]
After the end of the season and with the return of the NHL, Forsberg returned to North America. The implementation of a salary cap was a blow to the Colorado Avalanche, one of the highest spenders of the league,[29] who were forced to let go of Forsberg and Adam Foote to save room in the cap for Joe Sakic and Rob Blake.[30] He refused a four-year, $13.5 million offer from the Avalanche before signing a two-year, $11.5 million contract with the Philadelphia Flyers.[31]
Before the season start, he had surgery to remove a bursa sac from his right ankle.[32] He debuted with the Flyers on October 5 in a game against the New York Rangers. He scored two assists in his first game and 12 in his first six. Despite only playing 60 games, mostly because of a groin injury,[33] he scored 75 points (19 goals and 56 assists) and the Flyers lost in the first round of the playoffs against the Buffalo Sabres.
After the end of the season, he had surgery on his right ankle and foot to correct deformities because of an abnormal arch that caused him to stretch his ankle tendons.[34] He was expected to have the same surgery done on his left foot and to be sidelined until January, but a doctor considered he did not need it and he was ready to play by the start of the 2006–07 NHL season.[35] On September 14, 2006, Forsberg became the Flyers' fifteenth captain in team history, after Keith Primeau retired.[36] The season was troubled for him: as the Flyers were having their worst season ever, Forsberg had not fully recovered from his right foot problems and had doubts about his future.[37] With his contract ending at the end of the season and with no commitment on Forsberg's part to signing a new contract or to retire, on February 15, 12 days before the trade deadline, the Flyers traded him to the Nashville Predators, in exchange for Ryan Parent, Scottie Upshall, and Nashville's first and third round 2007 picks to boost Nashville's playoff run.[38] At the Predators' last regular season game, Forsberg returned to Denver for the first time since leaving the Colorado Avalanche. He assisted on another former Avalanche player Paul Kariya's game winning goal that eliminated any chances the Avalanche had of progressing to the playoffs, the first time ever the franchise had failed to do so since moving to Colorado.[39] The Predators lost in the first round of the playoffs against the San Jose Sharks, with Forsberg scoring four points in the five game series. Forsberg had an average of less than one point per game in the regular season for the first time in his career and for the second time in the playoffs.
For most of the 2007–08 season, Forsberg was an unrestricted free agent and said that he would not return to the NHL. He had surgery on his foot and was waiting to see if he was in condition to play.[40] He said that in Europe, he would only play for Modo Hockey, and in the NHL he would probably play for one of his former three clubs.[41] On February 25, 2008, Forsberg signed a contract with the Colorado Avalanche for the rest of the 2007–08 season.[42]
Forsberg's first game back with the Avalanche was on March 4, 2008, home at the Pepsi Center against the Vancouver Canucks. However, he was sidelined after just three games on March 9, 2008, due to a groin injury sustained in the game on March 8. He was listed by the club as day-to-day.[43] On April 1, against Vancouver, he scored his first goal of the season in Colorado's penultimate regular season game.
Coming back from a 10 month break Forsberg was first among all NHL players in terms of average-points-per-game (PPG) during the 2007–08 regular season. With an average of 1.56 PPG in 9 games he placed himself on top over the scoring league winner Alexander Ovechkin with the second highest average of 1.37 PPG, although Ovechkin played all 82 games.[44]
He played two seasons with MODO from 2008–09 and 2009–10, the latter season being joined by fellow country man Markus Näslund.
On August 14, 2010, Forsberg announced he was not optimistic about returning to hockey, hinting he may retire.[45]
2011 return to the NHL and retirement[link]
On January 21, 2011, it was announced that Forsberg had begun training with the Colorado Avalanche in attempt to make a comeback in the National Hockey League (NHL).[46]
On February 6, the Avalanche announced that they had come to terms on a contract with Forsberg worth $1 million for the remainder of the 2010-11 season.[47][48] Forsberg played his first game back with the Avalanche in Nationwide Arena against the Columbus Blue Jackets on February 11. Forsberg was in the starting lineup at left wing, a departure from his natural center, with 2001 Stanley Cup teammate Milan Hejduk, and Matt Duchene. In the two games he played, Forsberg was on ice for 17 minutes and 38 seconds, with 0 points and a –2 rating.
The Avalanche in the midst of a losing season heavily advertised tickets for Forsberg's first comeback home game. On February 14, 2011, hours before he was scheduled to play in front of the Avalanche's home fans at the Pepsi Center for the first time during his comeback, Forsberg announced his retirement from ice hockey. The Colorado Avalanche's official website announced that Forsberg would hold a press conference later that day, announcing his retirement.[49] In the press conference, Forsberg cited an "inability to defend (himself)" on the ice, with foot problems also playing a role in his decision. His comeback consisted of two road games .[50]
On October 8, 2011 he had his jersey number retired prior to Avalanche's 2011–12 season season opener at the Pepsi Center.[51]
After retirement[link]
On April 20, 2011, nearly two weeks after a dramatic but successful end of the 2011 Kvalserien for Modo, Forsberg was named an assistant general manager of the Modo organization.[52]
International play[link]
| Medal record | ||
|---|---|---|
 Peter Forsberg |
||
| Competitor for Sweden |
||
| Ice hockey | ||
| Winter Olympics | ||
| Gold | 2006 Torino | |
| Gold | 1994 Lillehammer | |
| World Championships | ||
| Silver | 2004 Czech Republic | |
| Silver | 2003 Finland | |
| Gold | 1998 Switzerland | |
| Silver | 1993 Germany | |
| Gold | 1992 Czechoslovakia | |
| World Cup | ||
| Bronze | 1996 Canada | |
| World Junior Championships | ||
| Silver | 1993 Sweden | |
| Silver | 1992 Germany | |
Forsberg competed with Sweden's under-18 team at the 1991 European Junior Championships. He led the tournament in scoring with 17 points over 6 games as Sweden failed to defend their gold medal from the previous year.[53][54] Moving on to Sweden's national under-20 team, he played in his first of two World Junior Championships in 1992. He scored 11 points in seven games as Sweden won the silver medal. Several months later, Forsberg debuted with the Swedish men's team at the 1992 World Championships. He recorded a goal and an assist over eight games, helping Sweden to a gold medal.
The following year, he made his second appearance at the 1993 World Junior Championships. Forsberg set a tournament record 24 assists and 31 points over seven games.[55] He earned nearly a third of his points with a ten-point performance against Japan, which set a single-game tournament record.[56] In 1994, he led the Swedes to a gold medal in the Winter Olympics, scoring the winning goal of the penalty shootout that decided the gold medal game. Forsberg's "one hand, slide in" goal, a move which he borrowed from retired Swedish ice hockey player Kent Nilsson, has become popular in today's NHL. An image of Forsberg scoring this goal was later placed on a Swedish postage stamp, making him the first hockey player to be placed on a Swedish stamp.[57][58] The second player and so far only one besides Forsberg to be printed on a Swedish postage stamp is former Toronto Maple Leafs captain Mats Sundin.[59] Forsberg's famous move on Canadian goaltender Corey Hirsch (who refused to allow his name to be shown on the stamp)[60] has become so iconic in hockey that efforts to reproduce it inevitably draw references to Forsberg from hockey commentators.
Following his second year in the NHL, Forsberg competed in the 1996 World Cup. The competition marked Forsberg's first time in best-on-best international play. With five points in four games, Forsberg helped Sweden to a bronze medal.
In October 1997, it was announced that Forsberg would be playing for the Swedish national team in the Karjala Cup,[61] though he was forced to withdraw from the team after just one practice session after experiencing continued problems with his foot. The following year, he competed in the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan, in the first Olympic competition including NHL players. Forsberg recorded five points over four games as Sweden finished without a medal at fifth place. Several months later, competing in the 1998 World Championships, Sweden won a gold medal. Forsberg had recorded 11 points over 7 games.
In November 1999, he played for Sweden in the Karjala Cup, a tournament that included his 100th game for the Swedish national team against Russia on November 7.[62] Nearly five years later, he made his fourth World Championships appearance in 2003. He scored nine points in eight games to help Sweden to a silver medal. The following year, he helped Sween to another silver medal at the 2004 tournament, recording an assist in two games.
Returning to best-on-best competition at the 2004 World Cup, Forsberg recorded three points in four games. Sweden finished in fifth place. Two years later, he won his second Olympic gold, helping Sweden to a championship at the 2006 Games in Turin, Italy. As part of a subsequent interview about the championship over five years later, Forsberg was interpreted to insinuate that Sweden lost their preliminary round game against Slovakia on purpose, so as to draw Switzerland as their quarterfinal opponent, rather than Canada or Russia. Swedish forward Henrik Sedin, who played alongside Forsberg on the 2006 team denied the notion while adding that Forsberg's comments in the interview were misconstrued.[63] Forsberg's next appearance in international competition came at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, Canada. He was named Sweden's flag bearer for the opening ceremonies. Two years removed from NHL competition (Forsberg had been playing in the Elitserien while attempting an NHL comeback), Forsberg played a lesser role with the Swedish team and recorded an assist over four games. Sweden finished in fifth place, failing to defend their 2006 gold medal.
Personal life[link]
Forsberg and his father own a Swedish development company named Forspro Company. The company co-funded the Modo Hockey team's new Swedbank Arena in Örnsköldsvik.[64] Independently of his father, Forsberg also owned Pforce AB, a company that imported and marketed Crocs shoes in his native Sweden since 2005. On July 14, 2010, he announced he was closing Pforce after taking heavy losses in the previous two years.[65] Forsberg is also interested in harness racing, and owns or has owned a few racing horses during the years, including Tsar d' Inverne and Adrian Chip.[66] He has also invested money in a golf course named Veckefjärdens Golf Club in his native Örnsköldsvik.[67]
Philanthropically, Forsberg and childhood friend Markus Näslund founded Icebreakers, an organization that brings together professional ice hockey players for exhibition games to raise money for charities.[41]
In late-2010, Forsberg became engaged to fellow Swede Nicole Nordin in Paris.[68]
Career statistics[link]
Regular season and playoffs[link]
| Regular season | Playoffs | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Season | Team | League | GP | G | A | Pts | +/– | PIM | GP | G | A | Pts | +/– | PIM | ||
| 1989–90 | Modo Hockey Jr. | SWE Jr. | 30 | 15 | 12 | 27 | — | 42 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1989–90 | Modo Hockey | SEL | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | — | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1990–91 | Modo Hockey Jr. | SWE Jr. | 39 | 38 | 64 | 102 | — | 56 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1990–91 | Modo Hockey | SEL | 23 | 7 | 10 | 17 | — | 22 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1991–92 | Modo Hockey | SEL | 39 | 9 | 18 | 28 | — | 78 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1992–93 | Modo Hockey Jr. | SWE Jr. | 2 | 0 | 3 | 3 | — | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1992–93 | Modo Hockey | SEL | 39 | 23 | 24 | 47 | — | 92 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 5 | — | 0 | ||
| 1993–94 | Modo Hockey | SEL | 39 | 18 | 26 | 44 | — | 82 | 11 | 9 | 7 | 16 | — | 14 | ||
| 1994–95 | Modo Hockey | SEL | 11 | 5 | 9 | 14 | — | 20 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1994–95 | Quebec Nordiques | NHL | 47 | 15 | 35 | 50 | +17 | 16 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 6 | +2 | 4 | ||
| 1995–96 | Colorado Avalanche | NHL | 82 | 30 | 86 | 116 | +26 | 47 | 22 | 10 | 11 | 21 | +10 | 18 | ||
| 1996–97 | Colorado Avalanche | NHL | 65 | 28 | 58 | 86 | +31 | 73 | 14 | 5 | 12 | 17 | –6 | 10 | ||
| 1997–98 | Colorado Avalanche | NHL | 72 | 25 | 66 | 91 | +6 | 94 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 11 | +3 | 12 | ||
| 1998–99 | Colorado Avalanche | NHL | 78 | 30 | 67 | 97 | +27 | 108 | 19 | 8 | 16 | 24 | +7 | 31 | ||
| 1999–00 | Colorado Avalanche | NHL | 49 | 14 | 37 | 51 | +9 | 52 | 16 | 7 | 8 | 15 | +9 | 12 | ||
| 2000–01 | Colorado Avalanche | NHL | 73 | 27 | 62 | 89 | +23 | 54 | 11 | 4 | 10 | 14 | +5 | 6 | ||
| 2001–02 | Colorado Avalanche | NHL | Did not play (injury) | 20 | 9 | 18 | 27 | +8 | 20 | |||||||
| 2002–03 | Colorado Avalanche | NHL | 75 | 29 | 77 | 106 | +52 | 70 | 7 | 2 | 6 | 8 | +3 | 6 | ||
| 2003–04 | Colorado Avalanche | NHL | 39 | 18 | 37 | 55 | +16 | 30 | 11 | 4 | 7 | 11 | +6 | 12 | ||
| 2004–05 | Modo Hockey | SEL | 33 | 13 | 26 | 39 | +14 | 88 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | ||
| 2005–06 | Philadelphia Flyers | NHL | 60 | 19 | 56 | 75 | +21 | 46 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 8 | +2 | 6 | ||
| 2006–07 | Philadelphia Flyers | NHL | 40 | 11 | 29 | 40 | +2 | 72 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 2006–07 | Nashville Predators | NHL | 17 | 2 | 13 | 15 | +5 | 16 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 4 | +2 | 12 | ||
| 2007–08 | Colorado Avalanche | NHL | 9 | 1 | 13 | 14 | +7 | 8 | 7 | 1 | 4 | 5 | +3 | 14 | ||
| 2008–09 | Modo Hockey | SEL | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | +4 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 2009–10 | Modo Hockey | SEL | 23 | 11 | 19 | 30 | +11 | 66 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 2010–11 | Colorado Avalanche | NHL | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -2 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| NHL totals | 708 | 249 | 636 | 885 | +238 | 690 | 151 | 64 | 107 | 171 | +54 | 163 | ||||
| SEL totals | 214 | 88 | 137 | 225 | — | 452 | 15 | 13 | 8 | 21 | — | 16 | ||||
| SWE jr. totals | 71 | 53 | 79 | 132 | — | 102 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
International[link]
| Year | Team | Event | Result | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | Sweden | EJC | 6 | 5 | 12 | 17 | 16 | ||
| 1992 | Sweden | WJC |  |
7 | 7 | 24 | 31 | 8 | |
| 1992 | Sweden | WC |  |
8 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 6 | |
| 1993 | Sweden | WJC | |
7 | 3 | 8 | 11 | 30 | |
| 1993 | Sweden | WC | |
8 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 12 | |
| 1994 | Sweden | Oly | |
8 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 6 | |
| 1996 | Sweden | WCup |  |
4 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
| 1998 | Sweden | Oly | 5 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
| 1998 | Sweden | WC | |
7 | 6 | 5 | 11 | 0 | |
| 2003 | Sweden | WC | |
8 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 6 | |
| 2004 | Sweden | WC | |
2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
| 2004 | Sweden | WCup | 5 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | |
| 2006 | Sweden | Oly | |
6 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 0 | |
| 2010 | Sweden | Oly | 5 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
| Senior int'l totals00000 | 63 | 20 | 37 | 57 | 46 | ||||
| Junior int'l totals00000 | 20 | 15 | 44 | 59 | 54 | ||||
All-Star Games[link]
| Year | Location | G | A | Pts | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1996 | Boston | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 1997 | San Jose | — | — | — | |
| 1998 | Vancouver | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| 1999 | Tampa Bay | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 2000 | Toronto | — | — | — | |
| 2001 | Denver | 1 | 2 | 3 | |
| 2003 | Florida | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| 000 All-Star totals | 2 | 3 | 5 | ||
Style of play[link]
"He's such an unselfish player. He's one of those players who would rather make a pretty play and feed somebody else for the goal than score himself."
Former coach Marc Crawford[23]
Peter Forsberg was a star forward, with "outstanding" playmaking skills and "great vision" who "possesses an excellent combination of skill and physical play".[33] He was once considered by many as the best two-way player in the world.[69] He is capable of combining physical play and hits with skill and is responsible offensively and defensively.[20] Said to have a "Wayne Gretzky-like" passing touch,[15] he has been complimented by journalists and players for making the players around him better.[15][70]
Injury proneness[link]
Forsberg's style of play has led him to deal with several severe injuries. It has been said in the press that he is injury prone because he did not soften his game as he got older.[71] In his 14 seasons as an NHL player, Forsberg missed an entire regular season and played in less than 90% of regular season games in eight other seasons.
The first season in which he missed a significant part was 1996–97. Due to a bruised thigh, Forsberg was out on 14 regular season games and three playoff games.[21] In the off season before the 1999–2000 season, Forsberg underwent shoulder surgery and missed the first 23 games of the season. He missed an extra 10 games due to shoulder injuries, a concussion and a hip pointer.[21] After missing eight games due to a rib injury in the 2000–01 regular season, Forsberg suffered a severe injury in the playoffs. After the last game of the conference semifinal against the Los Angeles Kings on May 9, 2001, he underwent surgery to remove a ruptured spleen and it was announced that he would not play until the following season.[72] In the beginning of the 2001–02 season, he took a leave of absence to heal his injuries.[21] In January 2002, the Colorado Avalanche held a press conference but instead of announcing the expected return of Forsberg, announced that he had been submitted to reconstructive surgery on the peroneal tendons of his left foot (Forsberg would return for the playoffs that season, but foot problems would plague Forsberg for the rest of his career and eventually end it).[21] In 2003–04 season, he missed 43 games: 19 with a groin and abdominal injury[73]
During the lockout, while playing for MODO Hockey, Forsberg had surgery after dislocating his left wrist and breaking a bone in the hand.,[27] and because of a bursa sac removal.[32]
Legacy[link]
At the end of the 2008–09 NHL season, Peter Forsberg was the fourth-highest all-time Swedish point scorer in the NHL regular season.[4]
On the night of the Colorado Avalanche's home opener of the 2011-2012 season, the Avalanche retired Peter Forsberg's #21, solidifying his legacy with the team.
Records[link]
- Forsberg at the 1993 World Junior Championships set an all time tournament record with 31 points in only seven games. Also, he ranks first in career points among tournament scorers with 42 points (10 goals and 32 assists).
- With his second Olympic Gold in 2006 he became the third player in history to have enough titles to be a member of the Triple Gold Club twice (the others being Viacheslav Fetisov and Igor Larionov).
- Forsberg currently stands in the NHL's top 10 in all-time points-per-game, with 1.254 points-per-game in his career.
- He is ranked fourth all-time in NHL career assists-per-game with 0.901, behind only Wayne Gretzky, Mario Lemieux and Bobby Orr.
Awards[link]
NHL[link]
| Award | Year(s) |
|---|---|
| Art Ross Trophy | 2003 |
| Bud Light Plus/Minus Award (shared with Milan Hejduk) | 2003 |
| Calder Memorial Trophy | 1995 |
| Hart Memorial Trophy | 2003 |
| NHL All-Rookie Team | 1995 |
| NHL First All-Star Team | 1998, 1999, 2003 |
| Team award | Year(s) |
|---|---|
| Stanley Cup | 1996, 2001 |
Elitserien[link]
| Award | Year(s) |
|---|---|
| Guldpucken | 1993, 1994 |
| Guldhjälmen | 1993, 1994 |
International[link]
| Award | Year(s) |
|---|---|
| World Junior Championship A - All-Star Team | 1993 |
| World Junior Championship A - Best Forward | 1993 |
| World Championship A - All-Star Team | 1998 |
| World Championship A - Best Forward | 1998 |
Other awards[link]
| Award | Year(s) |
|---|---|
| Viking Award | 1996, 1998, 1999, 2003 |
| Yanick Dupre Memorial[74] | 2006 |
| Stora Grabbars Märke | 2009 |
Awards information taken from NHL.com.[10]
References[link]
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- ^ a b "HHOF Records and Rankings -- Countries". Hockey Hall of Fame. http://www.hhof.com/html/r&r-C.shtml#s.
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- ^ Gelston, Dan (2006-07-12). "Forsberg could return for start of Flyers season". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/sports/hockey/nhl/flyers/2006-07-11-forsberg-return_x.htm. Retrieved 2007-08-03.
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- ^ Associated Press (2007-01-27). "Future murky for Forsberg". The Globe and Mail. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20070127.FORSBERG27/TPStory/Sports. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
- ^ Associated Press (2007-02-20). "Acquiring Forsberg 'a huge deal' for Preds". ESPN. http://sports.espn.go.com/nhl/news/story?id=2767319&campaign=rss&source=ESPNHeadlines. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
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- ^ a b Meltzer, Bill (2007-08-01). "Star-studded Icebreakers play summer hockey for a cause". NHL. http://www.nhl.com/nhl/app/?service=page&page=NewsPage&articleid=335508. Retrieved 2007-08-02. [dead link]
- ^ Colorado Avalanche - News: Forsberg Returns to Avalanche - 02/25/2008
- ^ Forsberg day-to-day with groin injury - Sportsnet.ca
- ^ NHL.com - Stats
- ^ Forsberg not optimistic about continuing hockey career
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- ^ Foppa slutar med hockeyn | NHL | Internationellt | Hockey | Sportbladet | Aftonbladet (Swedish)
- ^ "Avs send Forsberg's No. 21 to the rafters". NHL.com. 8 October 2011. http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=595147. Retrieved 9 October 2011. "I am overwhelmed, I am proud and I will never forget this high honor"
- ^ "eter Forsberg förstärker MODO Hockeys organisation" (in Swedish). Modo Hockey. 2011-04-20. http://www.modohockey.se/nyheter.cfm?nyhet=5939&rows=5.
- ^ "1990-1991 EJC-18". EliteProspects.com. http://www.eliteprospects.com/league.php?leagueid=EJC-18&season=1990. Retrieved 2011-12-30.
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- ^ "Flyers sign Forsberg to two-year deal". ESPN.com. http://sports.espn.go.com/nhl/news/story?id=2123803. Retrieved 2006-12-12.
- ^ "Stamp of Peter Forsberg at Postmuseum Online" (in Swedish). Posten. http://www.postmuseum.posten.se/frimbas/frimarks/F1995011.asp. Retrieved 2007-04-21.
- ^ "Stamp of Mats Sundin at Postmuseum Online" (in Swedish). Posten. http://www.postmuseum.posten.se/frimbas/frimarks/F2002008.asp. Retrieved 2007-04-21.
- ^ "Hirsch till Sverige" (in Swedish). Aftonbladet. 2005-06-02. http://www.aftonbladet.se/vss/sport/story/0,2789,654701,00.html. Retrieved 2007-04-21.
- ^ Canadian Press (2007-10-29). "Forsberg joins with Swedish national team". TSN. Archived from the original on 2007-10-31. http://web.archive.org/web/20071031032511/http://www.tsn.ca/nhl/news_story/?ID=221693&hubname=. Retrieved 2007-11-03.
- ^ Associated Press (2009-11-07). "Russia too much for Forsberg, Sweden". ESPN. http://sports.espn.go.com/nhl/news/story?id=4631999. Retrieved 2009-11-11.
- ^ "Report: Peter Forsberg says Sweden threw game during 2006 Winter Olympics". New England Sports Network. 2011-12-20. http://www.nesn.com/2011/12/report-peter-forsberg-says-sweden-threw-game-during-2006-winter-olympics.html. Retrieved 2011-12-30.
- ^ "Swedish Finals: Modo mines championship gold". ESPN.com. http://www.nhl.com/nhl/app/?service=page&page=NewsPage&articleid=300045. Retrieved 2007-04-19. [dead link]
- ^ "Om Crocs" (in Swedish). Pforce AB. 2006. http://www.crocs.se/page/foretaget/om. Retrieved 2007-04-21. [dead link]
- ^ "Hambletonian Biographies 1". Harness Link. 2007-08-02. http://www.harnesslink.com/www/Article.cgi?ID=54520. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ^ Andersson, Hasse (2004-09-23). "Välkommen till FOPPALAND" (in Swedish). Aftonbladet. http://www.aftonbladet.se/vss/sport/story/0,2789,537124,00.html. Retrieved 2007-04-21.
- ^ Peter Foppa Forsberg har förlovat sig - Extra - Expressen Extra | Kändisar Hänt i Veckan Skvaller
- ^ Farber, Michael (1998-02-04). "How could underdog Sweden win the Olympic title again? Let us count the ways". CNN Sports Illustrated. http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/olympics/events/1998/nagano/sipreview/swedehockey.html. Retrieved 2007-07-14.
- ^ Associated Press (2007-03-03). "Recap - Predators 6, Kings 3". NHL. http://www.nhl.com/nhl/app?service=page&page=Recap&gameNumber=975&season=20062007&gameType=2. Retrieved 2007-07-14. [dead link]
- ^ Allen, Kevin (2006-11-23). "An early look at the top of next summer's free-agent market". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/sports/hockey/columnist/allen/2006-11-23-rink-rap_x.htm. Retrieved 2007-07-17.
- ^ Associated Press (2001-05-10). "Doctor: Full recovery is expected". ESPN. http://espn.go.com/nhl/playoffs2001/2001/0510/1194333.html. Retrieved 2007-06-17.
- ^ Associated Press (2003-12-27). "Forsberg returns after missing 19 games". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/sports/hockey/nhl/avalanche/2003-12-28-forsberg_x.htm. Retrieved 2007-07-31.
- ^ "Forsberg Wins Yanick Dupre Memorial Class Guy Award". Philadelphia Flyers. http://flyers.nhl.com/team/app?articleid=308292&page=NewsPage&service=page. Retrieved 2007-07-14.
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Peter Forsberg |
- Peter Forsberg's career stats at Eliteprospects.com
- Peter Forsberg's career stats at The Internet Hockey Database
- Peter Forsberg's biography at Legends of Hockey
- Peter Forsberg's NHL player profile
- Peter Forsberg at TSN.ca
- Peter Forsberg stamp
| Preceded by Mike Ricci |
Philadelphia Flyers' first round draft pick 1991 |
Succeeded by Ryan Sittler |
| Preceded by Tommy Sjödin |
Golden Puck 1993, 1994 |
Succeeded by Tomas Jonsson |
| Preceded by Martin Brodeur |
Winner of the Calder Trophy 1995 |
Succeeded by Daniel Alfredsson |
| Preceded by Chris Chelios |
Co-winner of the NHL Plus/Minus Award (with Milan Hejduk) 2003 |
Succeeded by Martin St. Louis and Marek Malík |
| Preceded by José Théodore |
Winner of the Hart Trophy 2003 |
Succeeded by Martin St. Louis |
| Preceded by Jarome Iginla |
Winner of the Art Ross Trophy 2003 |
Succeeded by Martin St. Louis |
| Preceded by Keith Primeau Derian Hatcher* |
Philadelphia Flyers captain 2006–07 |
Succeeded by Jason Smith |
| Preceded by John Vanbiesbrouck |
EA Sports NHL Cover Athlete NHL '98 |
Succeeded by Eric Lindros |
|
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Forsberg, Peter |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Ice hockey player |
| Date of birth | July 20, 1973 |
| Place of birth | Örnsköldsvik, SWE |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Peter_Forsberg
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Форсберг, Петер
http://fr.wn.com/Peter Forsberg
http://nl.wn.com/Peter Forsberg
http://de.wn.com/Peter Forsberg
http://it.wn.com/Peter Forsberg
http://cs.wn.com/Peter Forsberg
http://pl.wn.com/Peter Forsberg
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Forsberg
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
 |
This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (August 2009) |
| Katarina Witt | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Witt in 2009 |
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| Country represented |  East Germany (1977–1988) Germany (1994) |
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| Born | (1965-12-03) 3 December 1965 (age 46) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Height | 166 cm (5 ft 5 in) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Former coach | Jutta Müller | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Skating club | SC Karl-Marx-Stadt | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Retired | 1988 and 1994 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Medal record
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Katarina Witt (born 3 December 1965) is a German figure skater and model. In Germany she was commonly called "Kati" in the past, but today her full name is used more often.
She won two Olympic gold medals for East Germany, first in the 1984 Sarajevo Olympics and the second in 1988 at the Calgary Olympics. She won the World Championships four times (in 1984, 1985, 1987 and 1988), and six consecutive European Championships (1983–1988). She won silver medals at both the 1982 and 1986 World Figure Skating Championships. Her competitive record makes her one of the most successful figure skaters of all time.
Contents |
Life and career[link]
Witt was born in Staaken in East Germany, just outside of West Berlin, which is today part of Berlin. Her mother worked in a hospital as a physiotherapist and her father was a farmer.[1] She went to school in Karl-Marx-Stadt (which today has reverted to its pre-war name of Chemnitz). There she attended Kinder- und Jugendsportschule, a special school for athletically talented children. She represented the club SC Karl-Marx-Stadt for the GDR (East Germany). Jutta Müller began coaching her in 1977. Witt trained six days a week,[1] sometimes for seven hours a day with three hours spent on compulsory figures.[2]
In 1984, Witt was voted "GDR female athlete of the year" by the readers of the East German newspaper Junge Welt. She narrowly won the 1984 Olympic title over the favoured contender, reigning World champion Rosalynn Sumners of the United States. Witt and Sumners held the top two spots heading into the Olympic free skate, which were worth 50% of the total score. Witt landed three triple jumps in her free skate program, and the judges left room for Sumners to win the event, but Sumners scaled back two of her jumps, and Witt won the long program by one tenth of a point on one judge's scorecard.
In 1987, Witt recaptured the World Championship title, which she had lost the previous year to Debi Thomas. Witt only finished fifth in compulsory figures, which meant that Thomas could finish second in both the short and long programs and still retain the world title. However, a costly error by Thomas in the short program put the two skaters on a level playing field heading into the free skate. Witt skated the strongest long program of her career, landing five triple jumps, including a triple loop jump. Although Thomas also skated a strong long program, Witt was ranked first by the majority of the nine judges and thus reclaimed the world title.
In 1988, Witt won her sixth consecutive European Championship, equalling the achievement of Sonja Henie as the most successful Ladies Skater at the European Championships. While Witt's and Henie's number of European titles have been surpassed since by Irina Slutskaya, she retains the record of most consecutive European titles, sharing it with Henie.
Both Witt and Thomas were favoured contenders in the 1988 Olympic Games. Their rivalry was known as the "Battle of the Carmens", as each woman had independently elected to skate her long program to music from Bizet's opera Carmen. They held the top two spots after the compulsory figures and the short program. Witt skated her long program well, but not spectacularly, landing four triple jumps and downgrading her planned triple loop jump to a double loop. This left room for Thomas to win the long program, but Thomas skated poorly, missing three of her planned five triple jumps. Canadian skater Elizabeth Manley won the long program, but Witt retained her Olympic title based on her overall scores (she had finished ahead of Manley in both the compulsory figures and the short program). Witt became only the second woman in figure skating history (after Sonja Henie) to defend her Olympic title. To honour her and her win in Calgary North Korea issued miniature sheets with three large pictures of Witt on the ice.[3]
Witt is known for her beauty and sex appeal as well as for her athleticism. Time magazine called her "the most beautiful face of socialism."[1]
After competing[link]
In 1988, Witt started a professional career, which was unusual for East German athletes. She spent three years on tour in the United States with Brian Boitano, also a gold medalist in figure skating. Their show "Witt and Boitano Skating" was so successful that for the first time in ten years, New York's Madison Square Garden was sold out for an ice show. Later she continued at Holiday on Ice in the United States and in Western Europe.
Following the dissolution of East Germany, Ministerium für Staatssicherheit (Stasi) files were found to show that the secret police had worked hard to keep Witt from defecting by giving her cars, accommodations, and permitted travel.[4] Witt found 3,000 pages on her life from the age of eight.[2]
She also became an actress in the film Carmen on Ice (1989), which expanded upon her gold medal free program in Calgary. In 1990, she received an Emmy Award for her role in this film.
In 1994, she made a comeback to the competitive skating scene. She was again coached by Jutta Müller and qualified for the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, where she finished 7th. This was Witt's first international competition for the reunified country of Germany, following 11 years competing for East Germany. Much-noted was her free programme to the music “Sag mir wo die Blumen sind” (an arrangement of the Pete Seeger folksong "Where Have All the Flowers Gone"), considered remarkable for its artistic impression, including a peace message for the people of Sarajevo (the site of her first Olympic victory). She received the Golden Camera for her Olympic comeback. In the same year she published her autobiography Meine Jahre zwischen Pflicht und Kür (My Years between Compulsories and Freestyle).
In 1995, she was inducted into the World Figure Skating Hall of Fame.
In 1996, she had a cameo role in the movie Jerry Maguire. She also starred in a German-language movie called Princess on Ice. Witt provided the vocals for the theme song, "Skate With Me".
Witt appeared as herself in two episodes of the TV comedy series Arli$$ that aired in 1997 and 1998.
In December 1998, Witt posed nude for Playboy magazine. The issue in which these photos were published was the second ever sold-out issue of the magazine.[5] (The first sold-out issue was the inaugural one including photos of Marilyn Monroe.) Witt said she did not care for the "cute, pretty, ice princess image" of figure skaters and wanted to "change people's perceptions."[1] In 1998 Witt also appeared in the movie Ronin with a small supporting role and several lines of script. Around this time, she also played a villain in an episode of the tongue-in-cheek television series, V.I.P.
Witt's taste in figure skating costumes sometimes raised eyebrows. At the 1983 European championships she skated her Mozart short programme in knee breeches instead of a skirt. Her blue skirtless feather-trimmed 1988 costume for a showgirl-themed short programme was considered[who?] too theatrical and sexy, and led to a change in the ISU regulations which required female skaters to wear more modest clothing, including skirts. In 1994, skating a Robin Hood-themed programme, she again pushed the boundaries of costume regulations by wearing a short tunic over leggings.
In November 2005, she published a novel, Only with Passion, in which she offers advice to a fictional young skater based on her many years of skating. Since October 2006, she has her own TV show at the German station ProSieben Stars auf Eis (Stars on Ice).
On 7 July 2007, Witt was a compere at the German segment of Live Earth.
Witt was invited to Istanbul as an honoured guest for the skating competition TV show called Buzda Dans (Dance on Ice). The competition took place on 25 February 2007.
Her farewell tour[clarification needed] took place in February and March 2008.
Witt was the bid head for Munich's unsuccessful bid to host the Winter Olympics in 2018.[6]
On 3 December 2011, Witt was confirmed as a judge on hit UK TV show, Dancing On Ice; she made her first appearance on 8 January 2012.[7]
Results[link]
| Event | 1978–79 | 1979–80 | 1980–81 | 1981–82 | 1982–83 | 1983–84 | 1984–85 | 1985–86 | 1986–87 | 1987–88 | 1993–94 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Winter Olympic Games | 1st | 1st | 7th | ||||||||
| World Championships | 10th | 5th | 2nd | 4th | 1st | 1st | 2nd | 1st | 1st | ||
| European Championships | 14th | 13th | 5th | 2nd | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st | 8th |
| East German Championships | 3rd | 2nd | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st | |
| German Championships | 2nd | ||||||||||
| Skate Canada International | 1st | ||||||||||
| NHK Trophy | 2nd | 1st | 1st | 1st |
See also[link]
Bibliography[link]
- Beisteiner, Johanna: Art music in figure skating, synchronized swimming and rhythmic gymnastics / Kunstmusik in Eiskunstlauf, Synchronschwimmen und rhythmischer Gymnastik. PhD thesis by Johanna Beisteiner, Vienna 2005, (German). The PhD thesis contains an extensive description and analysis of Carmen on Ice (Chapter II/2, pages 105-162). Article about the PhD thesis of Johanna Beisteiner in the catalogue of the Austrian Library Network. 2005. (German and English)
References[link]
- ^ a b c d McBride, Lorraine (25 March 2012). "Dancing on Ice judge Katarina Wit talks money". The Daily Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/personalfinance/fameandfortune/9163429/Dancing-on-Ice-judge-Katarina-Wit-talks-money.html.
- ^ a b Witt, Katarina (24 March 2012). "The Stasi watched my every move: Dancing on Ice star Katarina Witt reveals East German secret police spied on her since the age of eight". Daily Mail. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2119797/The-Stasi-watched-Dancing-Ice-star-Katarina-Witt-reveals-East-German-secret-police-spied-age-eight.html.
- ^ (in Russian)USSR Philately (Moscow) (7): 1. July 1989. ISSN 0130—5689. — photo of this postage block
- ^ Paterson, Tony (5 May 2002). "Stasi files reveal Katarina Witt was willing accomplice". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 25 February 2009. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/germany/1393249/Stasi-files-reveal-Katarina-Witt-was-willing-accomplice.html.
- ^ [1]
- ^ [2]
- ^ "Judging panel revealed for the new series of Dancing On Ice.". ITV. 2 December 2011. http://www.itv.com/presscentre/pressreleases/programmepressreleases/dancingonicejudges/default.html.
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Katarina Witt |
- Official website
- Katarina Witt at the Internet Movie Database
- olympic.org Athlete Profile – Witt
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| Awards and achievements | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Marita Koch |
East German Sportswoman of the Year 1984 |
Succeeded by Marita Koch |
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Witt, Katarina |
| Alternative names | Witt, Kat; Witt, Kati |
| Short description | German figure skater |
| Date of birth | 3 December 1965 |
| Place of birth | Berlin, Germany |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Katarina_Witt
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Katarina Witt
http://cs.wn.com/Katarina Wittová
http://es.wn.com/Katarina Witt
http://ru.wn.com/Витт, Катарина
http://nl.wn.com/Katarina Witt
http://pt.wn.com/Katarina Witt
http://pl.wn.com/Katarina Witt
http://fr.wn.com/Katarina Witt
http://de.wn.com/Katarina Witt
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katarina_Witt
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Medal record | ||
 Claudia Pechstein |
||
| Competitor for Germany |
||
|---|---|---|
| Women's speed skating | ||
| Olympic Games | ||
| Gold | 2002 Salt Lake City | 3000 m |
| Gold | 1994 Lillehammer | 5000 m |
| Gold | 1998 Nagano | 5000 m |
| Gold | 2002 Salt Lake City | 5000 m |
| Gold | 2006 Turin | Team pursuit |
| Silver | 1998 Nagano | 3000 m |
| Silver | 2006 Turin | 5000 m |
| Bronze | 1992 Albertville | 5000 m |
| Bronze | 1994 Lillehammer | 3000 m |
| World Championships | ||
| Gold | 2000 Nagano | 1500 m |
| Gold | 2000 Nagano | 3000 m |
| Gold | 2004 Seoul | 3000 m |
| Gold | 1996 Hamar | 5000 m |
| Gold | 2003 Berlin | 5000 m |
| Gold | 2000 Milwaukee | Allround |
| Silver | 1996 Hamar | 1500 m |
| Silver | 1996 Hamar | 3000 m |
| Silver | 1998 Calgary | 3000 m |
| Silver | 1999 Heerenveen | 3000 m |
| Silver | 2003 Berlin | 3000 m |
| Silver | 2005 Inzell | 3000 m |
| Silver | 1998 Calgary | 5000 m |
| Silver | 1999 Heerenveen | 5000 m |
| Silver | 2000 Nagano | 5000 m |
| Silver | 2001 Salt Like City | 5000 m |
| Silver | 2005 Inzell | 5000 m |
| Silver | 2007 Salt Lake City | 5000 m |
| Silver | 1996 Inzell | Allround |
| Silver | 1997 Nagano | Allround |
| Silver | 1998 Heerenveen | Allround |
| Silver | 1999 Hamar | Allround |
| Silver | 2001 Budapest | Allround |
| Silver | 2003 Gothenburg | Allround |
| Silver | 2004 Hamar | Allround |
| Silver | 2006 Calgary | Allround |
| Bronze | 1998 Calgary | 1500 m |
| Bronze | 2001 Salt Lake City | 3000 m |
| Bronze | 1997 Warszawa | 5000 m |
| Bronze | 2004 Seoul | 5000 m |
| Bronze | 2002 Heerenveen | Allround |
| Bronze | 2005 Moscow | Allround |
| Bronze | 2007 Salt Lake City | Team pursuit |
| Bronze | 2008 Nagano | Team pursuit |
| Bronze | 2011 Inzell | 5000m |
| Bronze | 2011 Inzell | Team pursuit |
| Bronze | 2012 Heerenveen | 5000m |
| European Championships | ||
| Gold | 1998 Helsinki | Allround |
| Gold | 2006 Hamar | Allround |
| Gold | 2009 Heerenveen | Allround |
| Silver | 1999 Heerenveen | Allround |
| Silver | 2001 Baselga di Piné | Allround |
| Silver | 2002 Erfurt | Allround |
| Silver | 2003 Heerenveen | Allround |
| Silver | 2004 Heerenveen | Allround |
| Silver | 2012 Budapest | Allround |
| Bronze | 1996 Heerenveen | Allround |
| Bronze | 2005 Heerenveen | Allround |
Claudia Pechstein (born 22 February 1972) is a German speed skater. With a total of five Olympic gold medals, two silver, and two bronze medals, she is the most successful German Winter Olympian of all time. Pechstein is the first female Winter Olympian to win medals in five consecutive Olympics (1992–2006), and she won the gold medal in the women's 5,000 meter race in three consecutive Olympics (1994–2002), and the silver medal in the fourth (2006). In the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy, Pechstein also won a gold medal in the women's team pursuit.
Claudia Pechstein was born in East Berlin. She held a world record on the 5,000 m track with the time 6:46.91 achieved on the Utah Olympic Oval in Salt Lake City on 23 February 2002, which was beaten by Martina Sáblíková on the same oval five years later.
Pechstein is a sergeant in the German Federal Police and trains at the force's sports training centre at Bad Endorf.
As reported by Olympic news outlet Around the Rings, Pechstein is aiming for an Olympic return, this time as a cyclist. "I will start in the individual pursuit at the German Track Championships from July 6–10 in Berlin," she said. "I am also planning to race the individual sprint or the 500-meter time trial. I trust I can do this because as a skater I've trained a lot on the bike. I have nothing to lose. I don't know how this kind of competition works, so this alone is really exciting."
Two-year ban because of accusation of blood doping[link]
.jpg)
After the World Championships in Norway in February 2009, the International Skating Union accused Pechstein of blood doping and banned her from all competitions for two years. This ban was based on irregular levels of reticulocytes in her blood. These levels were highest during the Calgary World Cup 2007 and the Hamar World Championships in 2009; elevated levels were also found during a number of other competitions and training spot checks.[1]
Pechstein denied that she had doped and appealed to the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) in Lausanne, claiming among other things that she has an inherited condition explaining the abnormal measurements. The court affirmed the ban in November 2009, finding no evidence for an inherited condition in the expert testimony provided by Pechstein.[2] This was the first case of doping based on circumstantial evidence alone; no forbidden substances were ever found during her repeated tests.[1][3]
In December 2009 she asked the Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland for an injunction and was allowed to participate at a single 3000m race in Salt Lake City, so that she could qualify for the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver should her appeal of the ban be successful. She finished 13th in the race on 11 December but would have needed a place among the top 8 to qualify for the Olympics.[4]
In January 2010 the Swiss Federal Supreme Court refused to temporarily suspend Pechstein's ban for the Olympics.[5] On February 19, 2010 the CAS ad-hoc panel at the Vancouver Olympics rejected Pechstein's last minute appeal to be admitted to the ice skating team events.[6]
In February 2010, Pechstein filed a criminal complaint in Switzerland against the International Skating Union, alleging trial fraud.[7]
On March 15, 2010 Gerhard Ehninger, head of the German Society for Hematology and Oncology, said that an evaluation of the case points to a light form of a blood anemia called spherocytosis – apparently inherited from her father.[8] Pechstein attempted to use this new evidence in her appeal before the Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland. The International Skating Union issued a press release explaining their opposition to this appeal.[9]
Pechstein stood to lose her position with the German Federal Police should blood doping have been proved "beyond reasonable doubt". Disciplinary proceedings against her were halted in August 2010 because no such proof was available.[10] Pechstein applied for unpaid leave in order to be able to continue her training, which was denied. As a result, she suffered a nervous breakdown in September 2010.[11]
The Swiss Federal Supreme Court issued its final ruling on September 28, 2010, rejecting Pechstein's appeal and confirming the ban.[12] Pechstein returned to competition in February 2011. She then won the Bronze Medal in the 2011 World Championships on the 5000m course, only behind World Champion Martina Sáblíková from the Czech Republic and her team mate Stephanie Beckert.
Skating record[link]
| Personal records | ||||
| Women's | ||||
| Distance | Time | Date | Location | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 500 m | 38.99 | |||
| 1000 m | 1:16.15 | |||
| 1500 m | 1:54.83 | |||
| 3000 m | 3:57.35 | OR | ||
| 5000 m | 6:46.91 | 23 February 2002 | Salt Lake City | OR |
| Winter Olympics | World Cup |
|---|---|
|
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See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ a b "Sportgericht urteilt gegen Pechstein", sueddeutsche.de, 25 November 2009, http://www.sueddeutsche.de/sport/233/495558/text/ (German)
- ^ CAS Arbitral Award, 25 November 2009
- ^ "Olympiasiegerin Pechstein wegen Blutdopings gesperrt", Spiegel Online, 3 July 2009, http://www.spiegel.de/sport/wintersport/0,1518,634241,00.html (German)
- ^ "Pechstein fails Olympia mark, vows to fight on", Earth Times, 15 February 2010, http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/298960,pechstein-fails-olympia-mark-vows-to-fight-on--summary.html
- ^ "Pechstein loses last appeal, will miss Olympics", USA Today, January 26, 2010, http://www.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/2010-01-26-1078434314_x.htm
- ^ "Sportgericht lehnt Pechstein-Antrag ab" (in German), Spiegel Online, 19 February 2010, http://www.spiegel.de/sport/wintersport/0,1518,678903,00.html
- ^ "Pechstein zitiert E-Mail und beantragt Startrecht" (in German), Spiegel Online, 15 February 2010, http://www.spiegel.de/sport/wintersport/0,1518,677949,00.html
- ^ "Doctors argue Claudia Pechstein's abnormal blood levels caused by hereditary anomaly", The Canadian Press, 15 March 2010, http://vancouver2010.sympatico.ca/Home/ContentPosting_2010.htm?newsitemid=2663302&feedname=CP_EN_OGAMES&show=True&number=5&showbyline=False&abc=abc
- ^ ISU Position in the Pechstein Case, 18 May 2010
- ^ Disziplinarverfahren gegen Polizeihauptmeisterin Claudia Pechstein eingestellt, Bundesministerium des Inneren, 16 August 2010.(German)
- ^ Kritik an de Maizière statt Antritt zum Dienst, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 15 September 2010. (German)
- ^ Bundesgericht weist Revisionsgesuch der Eisschnellläuferin Claudia Pechstein ab, Medienmitteilung des Bundesgerichts, 1 October 2010. (German)
External links[link]
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Pechstein, Claudia |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Speed skater |
| Date of birth | 22 February 1972 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Claudia_Pechstein
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Пехштайн, Клаудия
http://fr.wn.com/Claudia Pechstein
http://nl.wn.com/Claudia Pechstein
http://de.wn.com/Claudia Pechstein
http://it.wn.com/Claudia Pechstein
http://pl.wn.com/Claudia Pechstein
http://cs.wn.com/Claudia Pechsteinová
http://es.wn.com/Claudia Pechstein
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudia_Pechstein
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
