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![The Dynasphere! Psychotic 1930s Vehicle! [HD]](http://web.archive.org./web/20121111040549im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/rvA7hDh_vhY/default.jpg "The Dynasphere! Psychotic 1930s Vehicle! A fusion of two British Pathe reels which you can watch here:")
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![Mechanical Principles (1930) by Ralph Steiner [4min selection]](http://web.archive.org./web/20121111040549im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/mkQ2pXkYjRM/default.jpg "This is my favorite 4min selection of a larger work by Ralph Steiner. The original was silent, and the DVD had it set to classical music. I have swapped the audio for an electronica/industrial track by 3 Liquid Hz - Little Boy. Favorite movements: @ 1:16 - counter mechanism @ 2:55 - normal gears, but cut to engage on diagonals @ 3:37 - SQUARE GEARS! @ 3:41 - variable speed transfer @ 3:46 - rotary to linear action with a 4 tooth cog")
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Airship R101
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Ankara
Ankara (Traditional English: Angora) is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after Istanbul. The city has a mean elevation of , and as of 2008 the city had a population of 4,500,000. Ankara also serves as the capital of Ankara Province.
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Anton LaVey
Anton Szandor LaVey, (April 11, 1930 – October 29, 1997) born Howard Stanton Levey, was the American founder and High Priest of the Church of Satan as well as a writer, occultist, and musician. He was the author of The Satanic Bible and the founder of LaVeyan Satanism, a synthesized system of his understanding of human nature and the insights of philosophers who advocated materialism and individualism, for which he claimed no supernatural, metaphysical, or theistic inspiration.
http://wn.com/Anton_LaVey -
Argentina
Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic (, ), is the second largest country in South America, constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires. It is the eighth-largest country in the world by land area and the largest among Spanish-speaking nations, though Mexico, Colombia and Spain are more populous.
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Australia
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Australia -
Boston
Boston (pronounced ) is the capital and largest city in Massachusetts, and is one of the oldest cities in the United States. The largest city in New England, Boston is regarded as the unofficial "Capital of New England" for its economic and cultural impact on the entire New England region. Boston city proper had a 2009 estimated population of 645,169, making it the twentieth largest in the country. Boston is also the anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area called Greater Boston, home to 4.5 million people and the tenth-largest metropolitan area in the country. Greater Boston as a commuting region includes six Massachusetts counties, Essex, Middlesex, Norfolk, Suffolk, Plymouth, and Worcester, all of Rhode Island and parts of New Hampshire; it is home to 7.5 million people, making it the fifth-largest Combined Statistical Area in the United States.
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Brazil
Brazil (; , ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (, ), is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population. It is the only Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas and the largest lusophone country in the world.
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Canada
Canada () is a country in North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's second largest country by total area. Canada's common border with the United States to the south and northwest is the longest in the world.
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Chicago
Chicago ( or ) is the largest city in the state of Illinois. With over 2.8 million residents, it is the most populous city in the Midwestern United States and the third most populous city in the country. Its metropolitan area, commonly named "Chicagoland," is the 26th most populous in the world, home to an estimated 9.7 million people spread across the U.S. states of Illinois, Wisconsin, and Indiana. Chicago is the county seat of Cook County.
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Columbus, Ohio
Columbus is the capital and largest city in the U.S. state of Ohio, the state's third largest metropolitan area behind Cincinnati and Cleveland, and the fourth largest city in the American Midwest. It is the county seat of Franklin County, yet the city has expanded and annexed portions of adjoining Delaware County and Fairfield County. Named for explorer Christopher Columbus, the city was founded in 1812 at the confluence of the Scioto and Olentangy rivers, and assumed the functions of state capital in 1816. The city has a diverse economy based on education, government, insurance, banking, fashion, defense, aviation, food, logistics, steel, energy, medical research, health care, hospitality, retail, and technology.
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Constantinople
Constantinople (, , Turkish: Istanbul) was the imperial capital of the Roman Empire, the Byzantine/Eastern Roman Empire, the Latin Empire and the Ottoman Empire. Throughout most of the Middle Ages, Constantinople was Europe's largest and wealthiest city.
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Dominican Republic
The Dominican Republic (; , ) is a nation on the island of Hispaniola, part of the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region. The western third of the island is occupied by the nation of Haiti, making Hispaniola one of two Caribbean islands that are shared by two countries. Both by area and population, the Dominican Republic is the second largest Caribbean nation (after Cuba), with and an estimated 10 million people.
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England
England () is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the North Sea to the east, with the English Channel to the south separating it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
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Ethiopia
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Ethiopia -
Finland
Finland (pronounced ), officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden on the west, Norway on the north and Russia on the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.
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France
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/France -
Greater Sudbury
Greater Sudbury (2006 census population 157,857) is a city in Ontario, Canada. Greater Sudbury was created in 2001 by merging the cities and towns of the former Regional Municipality of Sudbury, along with several previously unincorporated geographic townships.
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Helsinki
Helsinki (; , ) is the capital and largest city in Finland. It is in the southern part of Finland, in the region of Uusimaa/Nyland, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, by the Baltic Sea. The population of the city of Helsinki is (), making it the most populous municipality in Finland by a wide margin. Helsinki is located some east of Stockholm, Sweden, west of St. Petersburg, Russia and north of Tallinn, Estonia. Helsinki has close connections with these three cities.
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Hollywood
Hollywood is a neighborhood in Los Angeles, California - situated west-northwest of Downtown Los Angeles. Due to its fame and cultural identity as the historical center of movie studios and movie stars, the word "Hollywood" is often used as a metonym of American cinema, and is often interchangeably used to refer to the greater Los Angeles area in general. The nicknames StarStruck Town and Tinseltown refer to Hollywood and its movie industry. Today, much of the movie industry has dispersed into surrounding areas such as the Westside neighborhood, but significant auxiliary industries, such as editing, effects, props, post-production, and lighting companies remain in Hollywood, as does the backlot of Paramount Pictures.
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Illinois
Illinois ( {{respell|-i-), is the fifth-most populous state of the United States of America, and is often noted for being a microcosm of the entire country. It is the most populous state in the Midwest region, however with 65% of its residents concentrated in the Chicago metropolitan area, most of the state has either a rural or a small town character. With Chicago in the northeast, small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and western Illinois, and natural resources like coal, timber, and petroleum in the south, Illinois has a broad economic base. Illinois is an important transportation hub; the Port of Chicago connects the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River via the Illinois River. As the "most average state", Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether both in social and cultural terms and politics, though the latter has not really been true since the early 1970s.
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Independence, Kansas
Independence is a city in and the county seat of Montgomery County, Kansas, United States. The population was 9,846 at the 2000 census.
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India
India (), officially the Republic of India ( ; see also official names of India), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.18 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Mainland India is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east; and it is bordered by Pakistan to the west; Bhutan, the People's Republic of China and Nepal to the north; and Bangladesh and Burma to the east. In the Indian Ocean, mainland India and the Lakshadweep Islands are in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives, while India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share maritime border with Thailand and the Indonesian island of Sumatra in the Andaman Sea. India has a coastline of .
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Indianapolis
Indianapolis (), often abbreviated Indy (), is the capital of the U.S. state of Indiana, and the county seat of Marion County, Indiana. The United States Census estimated the city's population, excluding the included towns, at 807,584 in 2009. It is Indiana's largest city and is the 14th largest city in the U.S., the third largest city in the Midwest (behind Chicago and Detroit), the second most populous state capital (after Phoenix, Arizona), and the most populous state capital east of the Mississippi River. Indianapolis is also the fastest growing region in the Midwest.
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Indonesia
Indonesia ( or ), officially the Republic of Indonesia (), is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia comprises 17,508 islands. With a population of around 238 million people, it is the world's fourth most populous country, and has the world's largest population of Muslims. Indonesia is a republic, with an elected legislature and president. The nation's capital city is Jakarta. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia. Other neighboring countries include Singapore, Philippines, Australia, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Indonesia is a founding member of ASEAN and a member of the G-20 major economies.
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Iran
Iran ( ), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran is a country in Central Eurasia and Western Asia. The name Iran has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was also known to the western world as Persia. Both Persia and Iran are used interchangeably in cultural contexts; however, Iran is the name used officially in political contexts.
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Istanbul
Istanbul (), historically known as Constantinople(See Names of Istanbul for further information) is the largest city in Turkey and 5th largest city proper in the world with a population of 12.8 million, also making it the second largest metropolitan area in Europe by population, and the largest metropolitan city proper. Istanbul is also a megacity, as well as the cultural, economic, and financial centre of Turkey. The city covers 39 districts of the Istanbul province. It is located on the Bosphorus Strait and encompasses the natural harbour known as the Golden Horn, in the northwest of the country. It extends both on the European (Thrace) and on the Asian (Anatolia) sides of the Bosphorus, and is thereby the only metropolis in the world that is situated on two continents. Istanbul is a designated alpha world city.
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Japan
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London
London () is the capital of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who called it Londinium. London's core, the ancient City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
http://wn.com/London -
Los Angeles
Los Angeles ( ; , Spanish for "The Angels") is the second most populous city in the United States, the most populous city in the state of California and the western United States, with a population of 3.83 million within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Los Angeles extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of over 14.8 million and it is the 14th largest urban area in the world, affording it megacity status. The metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is home to nearly 12.9 million residents while the broader Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside combined statistical area (CSA) contains nearly 17.8 million people. Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated and one of the most multicultural counties in the United States. The city's inhabitants are referred to as "Angelenos" ().
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Marion, Indiana
Marion is a city in Grant County, Indiana, United States. The population was 30,830 as of the 2006 census. The city is the county seat of Grant County. It is named for Francis Marion, a Brigadier General from South Carolina in the American Revolutionary War.
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Massachusetts
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts () is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island and Connecticut to the south, New York to the west, and Vermont and New Hampshire to the north; at its east lies the Atlantic Ocean. Most of its population of 6.6 million lives in the Boston metropolitan area. The eastern half of the state consists of urban, suburban, and rural areas, while Western Massachusetts is mostly rural. Massachusetts is the most populous of the six New England states and ranks third among U.S. states in GDP per capita.
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Nebraska
Nebraska () is a state located on the Great Plains of the Midwestern United States. The state's capital is Lincoln and its largest city is Omaha.
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New York
New York (; locally or ) is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. It is the nation's third most populous state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east. The state has a maritime border with Rhode Island east of Long Island, as well as an international border with the Canadian provinces of Ontario to the north and west, and Quebec to the north. New York is often referred to as New York State to distinguish it from New York City.
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Nobel Peace Prize
The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish and Norwegian: Nobels fredspris) is one of the five Nobel Prizes bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel.
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Oakland, California
Oakland () is the eighth-largest city in the U.S. state of California. It is a major West Coast port, located on San Francisco Bay, about 8 miles (13 km) east of San Francisco. Oakland is a major hub city for the Bay Area subregion collectively called the East Bay, and it is the county seat of Alameda County. Based on United States Census Bureau estimates for 2010, Oakland is the 41st-largest city in the USA with a population of 446,901.
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Ontario
Ontario is a Province of Canada located in the east-central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest, after Quebec, in total area, (Nunavut and the Northwest Territories are larger in area, but they are not provinces.) The province's largest metropolitan area and Canada's most populous city, Toronto, is the capital city of Ontario. The national capital of Canada, Ottawa, is located in Ontario as well.
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Pakistan
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Pakistan -
Republic of China
The Republic of China (ROC), commonly known as Taiwan, is a state in East Asia located off the east coast of mainland China. Subject to an ongoing dispute with the People's Republic of China (PRC) that has left it with limited formal diplomatic relations, the government of the Republic of China currently governs the islands of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor islands. Neighbouring states include the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south.
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Salmas
http://wn.com/Salmas -
Santo Domingo
http://wn.com/Santo_Domingo -
Sudan
Sudan (), officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in northeastern Africa. It is the largest country in Africa and the Arab world, and tenth largest in the world by area. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east,Kenya and Uganda to the southeast, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west and Libya to the northwest. The world's longest river, the Nile, divides the country between east and west sides.
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Turkey
Turkey (), known officially as the Republic of Turkey (), is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in western Asia and Thrace in the Balkan region of southeastern Europe. Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between Eastern Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a country and sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island nation, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border with another sovereign state, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. Great Britain is linked to continental Europe by the Channel Tunnel.
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United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
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USSR
http://wn.com/USSR -
Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C. (), formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States, founded on July 16, 1790. Article One of the United States Constitution provides for a federal district, distinct from the states, to serve as the permanent national capital. The City of Washington was originally a separate municipality within the federal territory until an act of Congress in 1871 established a single, unified municipal government for the whole District. It is for this reason that the city, while legally named the District of Columbia, is known as Washington, D.C. The city shares its name with the U.S. state of Washington, which is located on the country's Pacific coast.
http://wn.com/Washington_DC
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A. A. Milne
Alan Alexander Milne () (18 January 1882 –31 January 1956) was an English author, best known for his books about the teddy bear Winnie-the-Pooh and for various children's poems. Milne was a noted writer, primarily as a playwright, before the huge success of Pooh overshadowed all his previous work.
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Abbey Lincoln
Anna Marie Wooldridge (August 6, 1930 – August 14, 2010), better known by her stage name Abbey Lincoln, was a jazz vocalist, songwriter, and actress. Lincoln was unusual in that she wrote and performed her own compositions, expanding the expectations of jazz audiences.
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Adebayo Adedeji
Adebayo Adedeji (born December 21, 1930) is a Nigerian politician. He was Executive Secretary to the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa from 1975 to 1978, and UN Under-Secretary-General from 1978 until 1991.
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Agustín Tosco
http://wn.com/Agustín_Tosco -
Ahmad Shah Qajar
http://wn.com/Ahmad_Shah_Qajar -
Alejandro Rey
Alejandro Rey (February 8, 1930 – May 21, 1987) was an Argentine actor. He immigrated to the United States in 1960, later became a U.S. citizen and gained his widest acclaim there.
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Alfred von Tirpitz
Alfred von Tirpitz (March 19, 1849 – March 6, 1930) was a German Admiral, Secretary of State of the German Imperial Naval Office, the powerful administrative branch of the Kaiserliche Marine from 1897 until 1916. He is considered to be the founder of the German Imperial navy.
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Alfred Wegener
http://wn.com/Alfred_Wegener -
Allan King
http://wn.com/Allan_King -
Allison Hayes
Allison Hayes (March 6, 1930 – February 27, 1977) was an American film and television actress and model.
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Allvar Gullstrand
http://wn.com/Allvar_Gullstrand -
André Tardieu
http://wn.com/André_Tardieu -
Anne Francis
Anne Lloyd Francis (born September 16, 1930) is an American actress, famous for her role in the science fiction film classic Forbidden Planet (1956), and as the female private detective in the television series Honey West (1965-1966). She won a Golden Globe and was nominated for an Emmy award for her role in Honey West. Francis holds the distinction of starring in the first TV series with a woman detective character's name in the title.
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Anton LaVey
Anton Szandor LaVey, (April 11, 1930 – October 29, 1997) born Howard Stanton Levey, was the American founder and High Priest of the Church of Satan as well as a writer, occultist, and musician. He was the author of The Satanic Bible and the founder of LaVeyan Satanism, a synthesized system of his understanding of human nature and the insights of philosophers who advocated materialism and individualism, for which he claimed no supernatural, metaphysical, or theistic inspiration.
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Arlen Specter
Arlen Specter (born February 12, 1930) is the senior United States senator from Pennsylvania. Specter is a Democrat, but was a Republican from 1965 until switching to the Democratic Party in 2009. Elected to the Senate in 1980, Specter staked out a spot in the political center. In April 2006, he was selected by Time as one of America's Ten Best Senators.
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Aubrey Faulkner
http://wn.com/Aubrey_Faulkner -
Barney Glaser
Barney G. Glaser (born 1930), American sociologist and one of the founders of the grounded theory methodology.
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Ben Gazzara
Ben Gazzara (born August 28, 1930) is an American actor.
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Bernard Horsfall
Bernard Horsfall (born 20 November 1930) is a British actor.
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Bernhard Schmidt
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Bernie Ecclestone
Bernard Charles "Bernie" Ecclestone (born 28 October 1930) is a British sports entrepreneur, as president and CEO of Formula One Management and Formula One Administration and through his part-ownership of Alpha Prema, the parent company of the Formula One Group of companies. As such, he is generally considered the primary authority in Formula One racing. He is most commonly addressed in tabloid journalism as "F1 Supremo". His early involvement in the sport was as a competitor and then as a manager of drivers Stuart Lewis-Evans and Jochen Rindt. In 1972 he bought the Brabham team, which he ran for fifteen years. As a team owner he became a member of the Formula One Constructors Association. His control of the sport, which grew from his pioneering the sale of television rights in the late 1970s, is chiefly financial, but under the terms of the Concorde Agreement he and his companies also manage the administration, setup and logistics of each Formula One Grand Prix. Ecclestone himself attempted to compete in two Grand Prix races during the 1958 season but failed to qualify for either of them.
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Bertha Brouwer
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Bob Havens
Bob Havens (born May 3, 1930) is an American big band and jazz musician who appeared on The Lawrence Welk Show from 1960 to 1982. His instrument is the trombone.
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Bola Ige
James Ajibola Idowu Ige (September 13, 1930 - December 23, 2001) simply known as Bola Ige was a Nigerian lawyer and politician. He became Federal Minister of Justice for Nigeria. He was murdered in December 2001.
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Brian Statham
http://wn.com/Brian_Statham -
Bud Ekins
Bud Ekins (May 11, 1930 – October 6, 2007) was one of the foremost stuntmen of his generation. Born James Sherwin Ekins in Hollywood, California, he is known to most as the actor who jumped the fence on a disguised Triumph TR6 Trophy 650cc motorcycle in The Great Escape, and who drove the Ford Mustang 390 GT in Bullitt. He also coordinated the stunts for the popular 1970s motorcycle cop show CHiPs.
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Buddy Bregman
Buddy Bregman (born 9 July 1930) is an American musical arranger, record producer and composer.
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Buzz Aldrin
Buzz Aldrin (born Edwin Eugene Aldrin, Jr.; January 20, 1930) is an American mechanical engineer, retired United States Air Force pilot and astronaut who was the Lunar Module pilot on Apollo 11, the first manned lunar landing in history. On July 20, 1969, he was the second human being to set foot on the Moon, following mission commander Neil Armstrong.
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Carlos Menem
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Cathryn Damon
Cathryn Lee Damon (September 11, 1930 – May 4, 1987) was an American actress, best known for her roles on television sitcoms in the 1970s and 1980s.
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Charles B. Rangel
Charles Bernard "Charlie" Rangel (; born June 11, 1930) is an American politician. He has been a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives since 1971, representing the Fifteenth Congressional District of New York, and is the most senior member of that state's congressional delegation. He is a founding member of the Congressional Black Caucus. In January 2007, Rangel became chairman of the powerful House Ways and Means Committee, the first African-American to do so.
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Charles Creighton
Charles Creighton (November 22, 1847 – July 18, 1927) was a British physician and medical author. He was highly regarded for his scholarly writings on medical history but was widely denounced for disputing the germ theory of infectious diseases.
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Charles Kalani, Jr.
Charles "Charlie" J. Kalani, Jr. (January 6, 1930 - August 22, 2000) was an American professional wrestler, professional boxer, college football player, soldier, actor, and Martial Artist who, in fighting rings, was also known as Professor Toru Tanaka, or simply, Professor Tanaka.
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Cherry Wilder
http://wn.com/Cherry_Wilder -
Chinua Achebe
http://wn.com/Chinua_Achebe -
Christiaan Eijkman
Christiaan Eijkman (11 August 1858, Nijkerk, Gelderland – 5 November 1930, Utrecht) was a Dutch physician and professor of physiology whose demonstration that Beriberi is caused by poor diet led to the discovery of vitamins. Together with Sir Frederick Hopkins, he received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine.
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Clarence Birdseye
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Clarke Scholes
Clarke Currie Scholes (November 25, 1930 — February 5, 2010) was an American swimmer who won an Olympic gold medal in the 100 meter freestyle at the 1952 Games of Helsinki; he also won gold at the 1955 Pan American Games.
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Claude Bolling
Claude Bolling (born 10 April 1930), is a renowned French jazz pianist, composer, arranger, and occasional actor.
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Claude Chabrol
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Clifford Brown
Clifford Brown (October 30, 1930 – June 26, 1956), aka "Brownie," was an influential and highly rated American jazz trumpeter. He died aged 25, leaving behind only four years' worth of recordings. Nonetheless, he had a considerable influence on later jazz trumpet players, including Donald Byrd, Lee Morgan, Booker Little, Freddie Hubbard, Valery Ponomarev, and Wynton Marsalis.
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Clint Eastwood
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Clyde Tombaugh
Clyde William Tombaugh (February 4, 1906 – January 17, 1997) was an American astronomer. He is best-known for discovering the dwarf planet Pluto in 1930, but also discovered many asteroids, and called for serious scientific research of unidentified flying objects.
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Colin Blakely
http://wn.com/Colin_Blakely -
Crazy Horse
http://wn.com/Crazy_Horse -
D. H. Lawrence
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D. James Kennedy
Dennis James Kennedy (November 3, 1930 - September 5, 2007), better known as D. James Kennedy, was an American Christian broadcaster, church pastor, and founder of the Coral Ridge Presbyterian Church in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, where he was senior pastor from 1960 until his death in 2007. Kennedy also founded Evangelism Explosion International, Coral Ridge Ministries, the Westminster Academy in Ft. Lauderdale, the Knox Theological Seminary, and the Center for Reclaiming America for Christ, a socially conservative political group.
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Daniel Lisulo
Daniel Muchiwa Lisulo (December 6, 1930 - August 21, 2000) was the Prime Minister of Zambia from June 1978 until February 1981. Born in Mongu, Zambia, Lisulo married Mary Mambo in 1967; she died in 1976, leaving Lisulo with two daughters. Lisulo served as the director of the Bank of Zambia from 1964 to 1977 before becoming Prime Minister. He was a member of Parliament from 1977 to 1983. After this, he went into private law practice. He died in Johannesburg, South Africa.
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David Dacko
http://wn.com/David_Dacko -
David Janssen
http://wn.com/David_Janssen -
Dawn Addams
http://wn.com/Dawn_Addams -
Derek Walcott
The Hon. Derek Alton Walcott, OCC (born January 23, 1930) is a Caribbean poet, playwright, writer and visual artist. Born in Castries, Saint Lucia, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1992.
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Derrick Bell
Derrick A. Bell, Jr. (born November 6, 1930) is a visiting professor of Constitutional Law at New York University School of Law for the past 15 years and a major figure within the legal studies discipline of Critical Race Theory.
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Dick Sargent
Dick Sargent (April 19, 1930 – July 8, 1994) was an American actor, notable as the second actor to portray Darrin Stephens on the television series Bewitched. The actor took the name Dick Sargent from a Saturday Evening Post illustrator/artist of the same name.
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Don Ho
Don Ho, born Donald Tai Loy Ho (Chinese: ; Cantonese: Ho4 Daai6 Loi4), (August 13, 1930 – April 14, 2007) was a Hawaiian and traditional pop musician, singer and entertainer.
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Doris Roberts
Doris May Roberts (born November 4, 1930) is an Emmy award-winning American character actress of film, stage and TV. With a seven-decade career, she is most widely known for playing Marie Barone on Everybody Loves Raymond from 1996–2005.
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Edna O'Brien
'''Edna O'Brien''' (born 15 December 1930) is an Irish novelist and short story writer whose works often revolve around the inner feelings of women, and their problems in relating to men and to society as a whole.
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Edward Bok
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Edward Higgins White
Edward Higgins White, II (Lt Col, USAF) (November 14, 1930 – January 27, 1967) was an engineer, United States Air Force officer and a NASA astronaut. On June 3, 1965, he became the first American to "walk" in space. White was killed along with fellow astronauts Gus Grissom and Roger Chaffee during a pre-launch test for the first manned Apollo mission at the Kennedy Space Center. He was posthumously awarded the Congressional Space Medal of Honor and had previously been awarded the NASA Space Flight Medal for his Gemini 4 spaceflight.
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Edward VIII
#redirectEdward VIII of the United Kingdom
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Edward Woodward
Edward Albert Arthur Woodward OBE (1 June 1930 – 16 November 2009) was an English stage and screen actor and singer. After graduating from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA), Woodward began his career on stage, and throughout his career he appeared in productions in both the West End in London and on Broadway in New York. He came to wider attention from 1967 in the title role of the British television spy drama Callan, earning him the 1970 British Academy Television Award for Best Actor. Among his film credits, Woodward starred as Police Sergeant Howie in the 1973 cult British horror film The Wicker Man, and in the title role of the noted 1980 Australian biopic Breaker Morant. From 1985 Woodward starred as British ex-secret agent and vigilante Robert McCall in the American television series The Equalizer, earning him the 1986 Golden Globe Award for Best Television Drama Actor.
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Ellen Church
Ellen Church (September 22, 1904 - August 22, 1965) was the first female flight attendant in America [http://news.travel.aol.com/2009/11/20/history-of-flight-attendant-uniforms/].
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Erica Yohn
Erica Yohn is an American actress. She has had many small parts in American movies and television shows, including ER, Murphy Brown, Quantum Leap and Kojak. She has also had recurring roles on State of Grace, Beverly Hills, 90210, and Picket Fences.
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Eugeen Van Mieghem
http://wn.com/Eugeen_Van_Mieghem -
F. Richard Jones
Frank Richard Jones (September 7, 1893 - December 14, 1930) was an American director and producer.
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Florian Cajori
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Frank Dezelan
http://wn.com/Frank_Dezelan -
Frank McCourt
http://wn.com/Frank_McCourt -
Fridtjof Nansen
http://wn.com/Fridtjof_Nansen -
Fritz Pregl
http://wn.com/Fritz_Pregl -
Fritz Wunderlich
http://wn.com/Fritz_Wunderlich -
Frunzik Mkrtchyan
http://wn.com/Frunzik_Mkrtchyan -
Gaafar Nimeiry
http://wn.com/Gaafar_Nimeiry -
Gary Becker
Gary Stanley Becker (born December 2, 1930) is an American economist and a Nobel laureate. Born in Pottsville, Pennsylvania, Becker earned a B.A. at Princeton University in 1951 and a Ph.D. at the University of Chicago in 1955. He taught at Columbia University from 1957 to 1968, and then returned to The University of Chicago, where he holds joint appointments with the departments of economics, sociology, and the Booth School of Business. Becker is a founding parter of [http://www.greatestgood.com The Greatest Good], a business and philanthropy consulting company. Becker won the John Bates Clark Medal in 1967, was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1992, and received the United States' Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2007.
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Gena Rowlands
Gena Rowlands (born June 19, 1930) is an American actress of film, stage and television. The 3 time Emmy and 2 time Golden Globe winner is best known for her collaborations with her actor-director husband John Cassavetes in ten films, in two of which, Gloria and A Woman Under the Influence, she gave Academy Award-nominated performances.
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Gene Hackman
Eugene Allen "Gene" Hackman (born January 30, 1930) is a retired American actor and novelist.
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George Soros
http://wn.com/George_Soros -
George Steinbrenner
http://wn.com/George_Steinbrenner -
George Washington
http://wn.com/George_Washington -
Getúlio Vargas
http://wn.com/Getúlio_Vargas -
Gholamreza Takhti
Gholamreza Takhti (, August 27, 1930 – January 7, 1968) is the most famous wrestler in Iranian history. He was most famous for his chivalrous behavior and sportsmanship, and he continues to symbolize the essence of sport to the Iranian people.
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Giulio Douhet
General Giulio Douhet ( Caserta 30 May 1869 - Rome 15 February 1930) was an Italian general and air power theorist. He was a key proponent of strategic bombing in aerial warfare.
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Gladys Ambrose
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Glenn Curtiss
Glenn Hammond Curtiss (May 21, 1878 – July 23, 1930) was an American aviation pioneer and a founder of the U.S. aircraft industry. He began his career as a bicycle then motorcycle builder and racer, later also manufacturing engines for airships as early as 1906. In 1908 Curtiss joined the Aerial Experiment Association (AEA), a pioneering research group founded by Alexander Graham Bell at Beinn Bhreagh, Nova Scotia to build flying machines.
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Gombojab Tsybikov
http://wn.com/Gombojab_Tsybikov -
Grace Lee Whitney
Grace Lee Whitney (born April 1, 1930) is an American actress and entertainer, also known as Ruth Whitney and Lee Whitney. She is best known for playing the role of Janice Rand on the Star Trek television series and subsequent films.
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Hafez al-Assad
Hafez al-Assad ( ) (October 6, 1930 – June 10, 2000) was the president of Syria for three decades. Assad's rule stabilized and consolidated the power of the country's central government after decades of coups and counter-coups. He was succeeded by his son and current president Bashar al-Assad in 2000.
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Haile Selassie
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Hans Fischer
:for the Swiss painter see Hans Fischer (painter)
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Harold Bloom
Harold Bloom (born July 11, 1930) is an American writer and literary critic, currently Sterling Professor of the Humanities at Yale University. He is known for his defense of 19th-century Romantic poets, his construction of unique but controversial theories of poetic influence, and for advocating an aesthetic approach to literature against feminist, Marxist, New Historicist, poststructuralist (deconstructive and semiotic) literary criticism. Bloom is a 1985 recipient of a MacArthur Fellowship.
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Harold Pinter
http://wn.com/Harold_Pinter -
Harvey Milk
http://wn.com/Harvey_Milk -
He Dog
http://wn.com/He_Dog -
Heather Harper
Heather Harper CBE (born 8 May 1930) is a Northern Ireland-born British operatic soprano.
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Heiner Geissler
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Heinrich Brüning
http://wn.com/Heinrich_Brüning -
Helmut Kohl
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Henry Segrave
'''Sir Henry O'Neil de Hane Segrave''' (22 September 1896 – 13 June 1930) was famous for setting three land speed records and the water speed record. He was the first person to hold both the land and water speed records simultaneously. He was the first person to travel at over 200 mph (320 km/h) in a land vehicle. The Segrave Trophy was established in 1930 to commemorate his life.
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Herbert Croly
Herbert David Croly (January 23, 1869 – May 17, 1930) was an intellectual leader of the Progressive Movement as an editor, and political philosopher and a co-founder of the magazine The New Republic in early twentieth-century America. His political philosophy influenced many leading progressives including Theodore Roosevelt, as well as his close friends Judge Learned Hand and Supreme Court Justice Felix Frankfurter.
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Herbert Dow
http://wn.com/Herbert_Dow -
Herbert Hoover
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Herbie Mann
http://wn.com/Herbie_Mann -
Hipólito Yrigoyen
http://wn.com/Hipólito_Yrigoyen -
Ion Iliescu
Ion Iliescu (; born March 3, 1930) served as President of Romania from 1990 until 1996, and from 2000 until 2004. From 1996 to 2000 and from 2004 until his retirement in 2008, Iliescu was a Senator for the Social Democratic Party (PSD), whose honorary president he remains.
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İsmet İnönü
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Itamar Franco
Itamar Augusto Cautiero Franco, usually known as Itamar Franco (; born June 28, 1930) is a Brazilian politician who was President of Brazil from December 29, 1992 to January 1, 1995.
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Jacques Derrida
Jacques Derrida () (15 July 1930 – 8 October 2004) was a French philosopher born in Algeria. He developed the critical technique known as deconstruction, and his work has been associated both with post-structuralism and postmodern philosophy. His prolific output of more than 40 published books, together with essays and public speaking, has had a significant impact upon the humanities, particularly on literary theory and continental philosophy. His best known assertion with regard to his methodology is that "there is no outside-the-text."
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James Irwin
James Benson Irwin (March 17, 1930 – August 8, 1991) was an American astronaut and engineer of Scottish and Irish descent. He served as Lunar Module pilot for Apollo 15, the fourth human lunar landing; he was the eighth person to walk on the Moon.
http://wn.com/James_Irwin -
James McGarrell
James McGarrell (b. February 22, 1930, Indianapolis, Indiana) is an important American painter known for painting lush figurative interiors and landscapes.
http://wn.com/James_McGarrell -
Jasper Johns
Jasper Johns, Jr. (born May 15, 1930) is an American contemporary artist who works primarily in painting and printmaking.
http://wn.com/Jasper_Johns -
Jean Roba
Jean Roba (July 28, 1930 - June 14, 2006) was a Belgian comics author from the Marcinelle school. His best-known work is Boule et Bill.
http://wn.com/Jean_Roba -
Jean Rochefort
Jean Rochefort (born 29 April 1930) is a French actor, with a career that has spanned over five decades.
http://wn.com/Jean_Rochefort -
Jean-Luc Godard
Jean-Luc Godard (; born 3 December 1930) is a French-Swiss film director, screen writer and critic. He is often identified with the group of filmmakers known as the Nouvelle Vague, or "French New Wave".
http://wn.com/Jean-Luc_Godard -
Jennifer Johnston
Jennifer Johnston (born 12 January 1930 in Dublin) is an Irish novelist, winner of the Whitbread Book Award for The Old Jest in 1979, and was shortlisted for the Booker Prize in 1977. The Old Jest, a novel about the Irish War of Independence was later made into a film called The Dawning, starring Anthony Hopkins, produced by Sarah Lawson and directed by Robert Knights.
http://wn.com/Jennifer_Johnston -
Jeppe Aakjær
http://wn.com/Jeppe_Aakjær -
Jews
:For the Jewish way of life, including religion, law, culture, and philosophy, see Judaism. "Jew" redirects here; for other uses, see Jew (disambiguation).
http://wn.com/Jews -
Jim Dooley
James William Dooley (February 8, 1930 – January 8, 2008) was a former American football player and coach. He is best remembered for his tenure in both capacities with the National Football League's Chicago Bears.
http://wn.com/Jim_Dooley -
Jim Hall (musician)
James Stanley Hall (born December 4, 1930, Buffalo, New York) is an American Jazz guitarist.
http://wn.com/Jim_Hall_(musician) -
Joachim Hoffmann
http://wn.com/Joachim_Hoffmann -
Joan Diener
Joan Diener (February 24, 1930 – May 13, 2006) was an American theatre actress and singer with a three-and-a-half-octave range.
http://wn.com/Joan_Diener -
Joan Gamper
http://wn.com/Joan_Gamper -
Joanne Woodward
Joanne Gignilliat Trimmier Woodward (born February 27, 1930) is an Academy Award-winning American actress, television and theatrical producer, and widow of Paul Newman.
http://wn.com/Joanne_Woodward -
John Astin
John Allen Astin (born March 30, 1930) is an American actor who has appeared in numerous films and television shows, and is best known for the role of Gomez Addams on The Addams Family, and other similarly eccentric comedic characters.
http://wn.com/John_Astin -
John Barth
John Simmons Barth (born May 27, 1930) is an American novelist and short-story writer, known for the postmodernist and metafictive quality of his work.
http://wn.com/John_Barth -
John Frankenheimer
John Michael Frankenheimer (February 19, 1930 – July 6, 2002) was an American filmmaker. He is known for making The Manchurian Candidate (1962), Birdman of Alcatraz (also 1962), The Train, (1964), Seven Days in May (also 1964) and Ronin (1998).
http://wn.com/John_Frankenheimer -
John Keel
http://wn.com/John_Keel -
John Straffen
John Thomas Straffen (27 February 1930 – 19 November 2007) was a British serial killer who was the longest-serving prisoner in British legal history. Straffen killed two young girls in the summer of 1951. He was found to be unfit to plead and committed to Broadmoor Hospital; during a brief escape in 1952 he killed again. This time he was convicted of murder. Respited due to his mental state, his sentence was commuted to life imprisonment and he remained in prison until his death more than 55 years later.
http://wn.com/John_Straffen -
John T. Dorrance
http://wn.com/John_T_Dorrance -
Joseph Ward
http://wn.com/Joseph_Ward -
José Félix Uriburu
http://wn.com/José_Félix_Uriburu -
Kalevi Sorsa
http://wn.com/Kalevi_Sorsa -
Karl Landsteiner
http://wn.com/Karl_Landsteiner -
Katherine Jackson
Katherine Esther Scruse-Jackson (born May 4, 1930) is the matriarch of the Jackson musical family.
http://wn.com/Katherine_Jackson -
Ken Jones (actor)
Ken Jones (born 20 February 1930) is an English actor. Jones was born in Liverpool, England and after working as a signwriter and amateur acting, he trained at RADA and joined Joan Littlewood's Theatre Workshop. He has appeared in many films and television programmes and played a lead character in the British sitcom The Squirrels, but is perhaps best remembered for his role as 'Horrible' Ives in Porridge. He also appeared in The Liver Birds as Uncle Dermot.
http://wn.com/Ken_Jones_(actor) -
Kenneth Mopeli
Tsiame Kenneth Mopeli (born 20 September 1930) was the former Chief Minister of the South African bantustan of QwaQwa.
http://wn.com/Kenneth_Mopeli -
King George V
http://wn.com/King_George_V -
Kurds
http://wn.com/Kurds -
Laura Muntz Lyall
Laura Muntz Lyall, June 18, 1860 – December 9, 1930, was a Canadian impressionist painter. Born Laura Adeline Muntz in Leamington Spa, Warwickshire, England, her family emigrated to Canada when she was a child to farm in the Muskoka District of Ontario.
http://wn.com/Laura_Muntz_Lyall -
Laurence Olivier
http://wn.com/Laurence_Olivier -
Lawton Chiles
http://wn.com/Lawton_Chiles -
Leon Neil Cooper
http://wn.com/Leon_Neil_Cooper -
Leopold Auer
http://wn.com/Leopold_Auer -
Lili Elbe
Lili Elbe (1882 - September 1931) was a trans woman and one of the first identifiable recipients of male to female sex reassignment surgery. She was born as a male in Denmark. Born as Einar Mogens Wegener, she identified as male for most of her life and was a successful artist with that name. After the surgeries, however, she took the name Lili (some sources state Lily) Elbe.
http://wn.com/Lili_Elbe -
Liz Anderson
Liz Anderson (born Elizabeth Jane Haaby January 13, 1930 in Roseau, Minnesota) is an American Country Music Singer-Songwriter. She is also the mother of singer Lynn Anderson.
http://wn.com/Liz_Anderson -
Lon Chaney, Sr.
Lon Chaney (April 1, 1883 – August 26, 1930), nicknamed "The Man of a Thousand Faces," was an American actor during the age of silent films. He was one of the most versatile and powerful actors of early cinema. He is best remembered for his characterizations of tortured, often grotesque and afflicted characters, and his groundbreaking artistry with film makeup.
http://wn.com/Lon_Chaney_Sr -
Lorin Maazel
Lorin Varencove Maazel (born March 6, 1930) is a conductor, violinist and composer.
http://wn.com/Lorin_Maazel -
Lorraine Hansberry
http://wn.com/Lorraine_Hansberry -
Lucien Laurent
http://wn.com/Lucien_Laurent -
László Antal
http://wn.com/László_Antal -
Magdalen Redman
http://wn.com/Magdalen_Redman -
Mahatma Gandhi
http://wn.com/Mahatma_Gandhi -
Malcolm Fraser
John Malcolm Fraser AC, CH, GCL (; born 21 May 1930) is a former Australian Liberal Party politician who was the 22nd Prime Minister of Australia. He came to power in the 1975 election following the dismissal of the Whitlam Labor government, in which he played a key role. After three election victories, he was defeated by Bob Hawke in the 1983 election and ended his career alienated from his own party.
http://wn.com/Malcolm_Fraser -
Mari Sandoz
Mari Susette Sandoz (May 11, 1896 - March 10, 1966) was a novelist, biographer, lecturer, and teacher. She was one of Nebraska's foremost writers, and wrote extensively about pioneer life and the Plains Indians, and has been occasionally referred to as Mari S. Sandz, Marie Sandoz, and also Maris Sandz.
http://wn.com/Mari_Sandoz -
Marni Nixon
Marni Nixon (born February 22, 1930) is an American soprano renowned for being a playback singer for featured actresses in well known movie musicals. This has earned her the sobriquet "The Ghostess with the Mostess", and also "The Voice of Hollywood". She has also spent much of her career performing in concerts with major symphony orchestras around the world and in operas and musicals throughout the United States.
http://wn.com/Marni_Nixon -
Mary Baumgartner
Mary Baumgartner [Wimp] (born September 13, 1930) is a former female catcher who played from through in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. Listed at 5' 5", 145 lb., she batted and threw right-handed.
http://wn.com/Mary_Baumgartner -
Mary Harris Jones
http://wn.com/Mary_Harris_Jones -
Maureen Forrester
Maureen Kathleen Stewart Forrester, CC, OQ (July 25, 1930June 16, 2010) was a Canadian operatic contralto.
http://wn.com/Maureen_Forrester -
Milton Sills
Milton Sills (January 12, 1882 – September 15, 1930) was a highly successful American stage and film actor of the early twentieth century.
http://wn.com/Milton_Sills -
Mobutu Sese Seko
http://wn.com/Mobutu_Sese_Seko -
Murray Chapple
Murray Ernest Chapple (25 July 1930, Christchurch - 31 July 1985, Hamilton) was a New Zealand cricketer who played 14 Tests as a specialist batsman, spread over 13 years. However, he was largely unsuccessful, with only three fifties and his highest career score being 76. He played first-class cricket for Canterbury and Central Districts, and captained New Zealand in their first Test against England in 1966.
http://wn.com/Murray_Chapple -
Natalie Sleeth
http://wn.com/Natalie_Sleeth -
Nathan Söderblom
http://wn.com/Nathan_Söderblom -
Neil Armstrong
http://wn.com/Neil_Armstrong -
Nikolai Pokrovsky
http://wn.com/Nikolai_Pokrovsky -
Noah Weinberg
Yisrael Noach Weinberg () (February 16, 1930 – February 5, 2009) was an Orthodox Jewish rabbi, rosh yeshiva, and a father of today's baal teshuva movement with his establishment of a global network of educational and kiruv (outreach) programs for unaffiliated Jewish men and women. Primarily through the multifaceted activities of Jerusalem-based Yeshivat Aish HaTorah, Rabbi Weinberg influenced tens of thousands of college-aged youth to learn more about their Jewish heritage and embrace lives of Torah and mitzvah observance. He also reached out to business executives, professionals and Hollywood celebrities with private and group learning opportunities. Many of the programs which he and his staff developed became successful spin-offs in their own right, such as the Discovery Seminar, Jerusalem Fellowships, HonestReporting, and the highly-trafficked Jewish educational website, Aish.com.
http://wn.com/Noah_Weinberg -
Odetta
Odetta Holmes, (December 31, 1930 – December 2, 2008) known as Odetta, was an American singer, actress, guitarist, songwriter, and a human rights activist, often referred to as "The Voice of the Civil Rights Movement". Her musical repertoire consisted largely of American folk music, blues, jazz, and spirituals. An important figure in the American folk music revival of the 1950s and 1960s, she was influential musically and ideologically to many of the key figures of the folk-revival of that time, including Bob Dylan, Joan Baez, Mavis Staples, and Janis Joplin.
http://wn.com/Odetta -
Ornette Coleman
Ornette Coleman (born March 9, 1930) is an American saxophonist, violinist, trumpeter and composer. He was one of the major innovators of the free jazz movement of the 1960s.
http://wn.com/Ornette_Coleman -
Pascin
http://wn.com/Pascin -
Pat Robertson
Marion Gordon "Pat" Robertson (born March 22, 1930) is a media mogul, television evangelist, ex-Baptist minister and business man who espouses American Christian Right political views.
http://wn.com/Pat_Robertson -
Pat Summerall
George Allen "Pat" Summerall (born May 10, 1930 in Lake City, Florida) is a former American football player and television sportscaster, having worked at CBS, Fox, and ESPN.
http://wn.com/Pat_Summerall -
Paul Mazursky
Paul Mazursky (born April 25, 1930) is an American film director, screenwriter and actor.
http://wn.com/Paul_Mazursky -
Pavel Popovich
http://wn.com/Pavel_Popovich -
Pavlos Karolidis
http://wn.com/Pavlos_Karolidis -
Peeter Põld
http://wn.com/Peeter_Põld -
Pete Conrad
Charles "Pete" Conrad, Jr. (June 2, 1930 – July 8, 1999), was an American naval officer, astronaut and engineer, and the third person to walk on the Moon. He flew on the Gemini 5 and 11, Apollo 12, and Skylab 2 missions.
http://wn.com/Pete_Conrad -
Peter Adamson
Peter Adamson (February 16, 1930 – January 17, 2002) was a British actor born in Liverpool. He is best known for playing 'rough diamond' Len Fairclough in Coronation Street from 1961 to 1983.
http://wn.com/Peter_Adamson -
Peter Stone
http://wn.com/Peter_Stone -
Peter Warlock
Peter Warlock was a pseudonym of Philip Arnold Heseltine (30 October 1894 - 17 December 1930), an Anglo-Welsh composer (mainly of songs) and music critic. He used the pseudonym (and various others) when composing, and is now better known by this name.
http://wn.com/Peter_Warlock -
Philip Bosco
Philip Michael Bosco (born September 26, 1930) is an American actor.
http://wn.com/Philip_Bosco -
Philippe Noiret
Philippe Noiret (born 1 October 1930 in Lille – died 23 November 2006 in Paris) was a French film actor.
http://wn.com/Philippe_Noiret -
Pierre Bourdieu
http://wn.com/Pierre_Bourdieu -
Pope Pius XI
Pope Pius XI (Latin: Pius PP. XI; ; 31 May 1857 – 10 February 1939), born Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti, was Pope from 6 February 1922, and sovereign of Vatican City from its creation as an independent state on 11 February 1929 until his death on 10 February 1939. He issued numerous encyclicals including Quadragesimo Anno highlighting capitalistic greed of international finance, social justice issues and Quas Primas establishing the feast of Christ the King. He took as his papal motto "Christ's peace in Christ's kingdom".
http://wn.com/Pope_Pius_XI -
R. B. Bennett
Richard Bedford Bennett, 1st Viscount Bennett, PC, KC (July 3, 1870-June 26, 1947) was a Canadian lawyer, businessman, politician, and philanthropist. He served as the 11th Prime Minister of Canada from August 7, 1930, to October 23, 1935, during the worst of the Great Depression years. Following his defeat as prime minister, Bennett moved to England, and was elevated to the peerage as Viscount Bennett.
http://wn.com/R_B_Bennett -
Ray Charles
Ray Charles Robinson (September 23, 1930June 10, 2004), better known by his shortened stage name Ray Charles, was an American musician. Ray was a pioneer in the genre of soul music during the 1950s by fusing rhythm & blues, gospel, and blues styles into his early recordings with Atlantic Records. He also helped racially integrate country and pop music during the 1960s with his crossover success on ABC Records, most notably with his Modern Sounds albums. While with ABC, Charles became one of the first African-American musicians to be given artistic control by a mainstream record company.
http://wn.com/Ray_Charles -
Reinhard Selten
Reinhard Selten (born 5 October 1930) is a German economist.
http://wn.com/Reinhard_Selten -
Renzo Montagnani
http://wn.com/Renzo_Montagnani -
Rex Shelley
http://wn.com/Rex_Shelley -
Richard Donner
Richard Donner (born April 24, 1930) is an American film director, film producer, and comic book writer. The production company The Donners' Company is owned by Donner and his wife, producer Lauren Shuler Donner. After directing the horror film The Omen, Donner became famous for the hailed creation of the first modern superhero film, Superman, starring Christopher Reeve. The influence of this film eventually helped establish the superhero concept as a respected film genre. Donner later continued reinvigorating the buddy film genre with Lethal Weapon (1987) and its sequels.
http://wn.com/Richard_Donner -
Rita Lakin
Rita Lakin (January 24, 1930– ) is the creator of the Gladdy Gold mystery books. These include Getting Old Is Murder, Getting Old Is The Best Revenge, and Getting Old Is Criminal.
http://wn.com/Rita_Lakin -
Robert Aumann
Robert John Aumann (Hebrew name: - Yisrael Aumann, born June 8, 1930) is an Israeli-American mathematician and a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences. He is a professor at the Center for the Study of Rationality in the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Israel. He also holds a visiting position at Stony Brook University and is one of the founding members of the Center for Game Theory in Economics at Stony Brook.
http://wn.com/Robert_Aumann -
Robert Bridges
Robert Seymour Bridges, OM, (23 October 1844 – 21 April 1930) was an English poet, and poet laureate from 1913 to 1930.
http://wn.com/Robert_Bridges -
Robert Culp
http://wn.com/Robert_Culp -
Robert Wagner
Robert John Wagner (born February 10, 1930) is an American film and television actor of stage and screen, who starred in movies, soap operas and television.
http://wn.com/Robert_Wagner -
Roberta Peters
Roberta Peters (born May 4, 1930) is an American coloratura soprano.
http://wn.com/Roberta_Peters -
Rolf Harris
Rolf Harris, CBE, AM (born 30 March 1930) is an Australian/British musician, singer-songwriter, composer, painter and television personality.
http://wn.com/Rolf_Harris -
Ross Perot
Henry Ross Perot (; born June 27, 1930) is an American businessman from Texas best known for running for President of the United States in 1992 and 1996. Perot founded Electronic Data Systems (EDS) in 1962, sold the company to General Motors in 1984, and founded Perot Systems in 1988. Perot Systems was bought by Dell for $3.9 billion in 2009. He was born in Texarkana, Texas.
http://wn.com/Ross_Perot -
Rube Foster
Andrew "Rube" Foster (September 17, 1879 - December 9, 1930) was an American baseball player, manager, and pioneer executive in the Negro Leagues. He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1981.
http://wn.com/Rube_Foster -
Ruth Wakefield
http://wn.com/Ruth_Wakefield -
Salvatore Riina
http://wn.com/Salvatore_Riina -
Sandra Day O'Connor
'''Sandra Day O'Connor''' (born March 26, 1930) is an American jurist who was the first female member of the Supreme Court of the United States. She served as an Associate Justice from 1981 until her retirement from the Court in 2006. O'Connor was appointed by President Ronald Reagan in 1981. During her tenure, she was regarded as the Court's leading centrist, and was the swing vote in many cases; this made her the most powerful justice for many years.
http://wn.com/Sandra_Day_O'Connor -
Schafik Handal
http://wn.com/Schafik_Handal -
Sean Connery
Sir Thomas Sean Connery KBE (born 25 August 1930), more commonly known as Sean Connery, is a Scottish actor and producer who has won an Academy Award, two BAFTA Awards and three Golden Globes.
http://wn.com/Sean_Connery -
Sergei Eisenstein
http://wn.com/Sergei_Eisenstein -
Shel Silverstein
http://wn.com/Shel_Silverstein -
Sherlock Holmes
Sherlock Holmes () is a fictional detective created by Scottish author and physician Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. A brilliant London-based "consulting detective", Holmes is famous for his astute logical reasoning, his ability to take almost any disguise, and his forensic science skills to solve difficult cases.
http://wn.com/Sherlock_Holmes -
Shirley Crabtree
http://wn.com/Shirley_Crabtree -
Silvana Mangano
Silvana Mangano (21 April 1930 – 16 December 1989) was an Italian actress.
http://wn.com/Silvana_Mangano -
Sinclair Lewis
http://wn.com/Sinclair_Lewis -
Sir Muhammad Iqbal
http://wn.com/Sir_Muhammad_Iqbal -
Sonny Rollins
Theodore Walter "Sonny" Rollins (born September 7, 1930 in New York City) is a Grammy-winning American jazz tenor saxophonist. Rollins is widely recognized as one of the most important and influential jazz musicians. A number of his compositions, including "St. Thomas", "Oleo", "Doxy", and "Airegin", have become jazz standards.
http://wn.com/Sonny_Rollins -
Sorrell Booke
http://wn.com/Sorrell_Booke -
Spede Pasanen
http://wn.com/Spede_Pasanen -
Stan Richards
For the Wales international footballer see Stan Richards (footballer)
http://wn.com/Stan_Richards -
Stephen Slesinger
http://wn.com/Stephen_Slesinger -
Stephen Sondheim
Stephen Joshua Sondheim (born March 22, 1930) is an American composer and lyricist for stage and film. He is the winner of an Academy Award, multiple Tony Awards (eight, more than any other composer) including the Special Tony Award for Lifetime Achievement in the Theatre, multiple Grammy Awards, and a Pulitzer Prize. His most famous scores include (as composer/lyricist) A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum, Company, Follies, A Little Night Music, Sweeney Todd, Sunday in the Park with George, Into the Woods, and Assassins, as well as the lyrics for West Side Story and . He was president of the Dramatists Guild from 1973 to 1981.
http://wn.com/Stephen_Sondheim -
Ted Hughes
:For the Canadian judge, see Ted Hughes (judge).
http://wn.com/Ted_Hughes -
The Big Bopper
Jiles Perry "J. P." Richardson, Jr. (October 24, 1930 – February 3, 1959) also commonly known as The Big Bopper, was an American disc jockey, singer, and songwriter whose big voice and exuberant personality made him an early rock and roll star. He is best known for his recording of "Chantilly Lace". On February 3, 1959, on what has become known as The Day the Music Died, Richardson was killed in a small-plane crash in Iowa, along with Buddy Holly and Ritchie Valens.
http://wn.com/The_Big_Bopper -
The Shadow
The Shadow is a collection of serialized dramas, originally in pulp magazines, then on 1930s radio and then in a wide variety of media, that follow the exploits of the title character, a crime-fighting vigilante with psychic powers. One of the most famous pulp heroes of the 20th century, The Shadow has been featured in comic books, comic strips, television, video games, and at least five motion pictures. The radio drama is well-remembered for those episodes voiced by Orson Welles.
http://wn.com/The_Shadow -
Thomas Shipp
http://wn.com/Thomas_Shipp -
Timothy Findley
Timothy Irving Frederick Findley, OC, O.Ont (October 30, 1930 - June 21, 2002) was a Canadian novelist and playwright. He was also informally known by the nickname Tiff or Tiffy, an acronym of his initials.
http://wn.com/Timothy_Findley -
Tippi Hedren
Nathalie Kay "Tippi" Hedren (born January 19, 1930) is an American actress and former fashion model with a career spanning six decades. She is primarily known for her roles in two Alfred Hitchcock films, The Birds and Marnie, and her extensive efforts in animal rescue at Shambala Preserve, an wildlife habitat which she founded in 1983.
http://wn.com/Tippi_Hedren -
Tom Norman
http://wn.com/Tom_Norman -
Tōru Takemitsu
was a Japanese composer and writer on aesthetics and music theory. Largely self-taught, Takemitsu possessed consummate skill in the subtle manipulation of instrumental and orchestral timbre. He drew from a wide range of influences, including jazz, popular music, avant-garde procedures and traditional Japanese music, in a harmonic idiom largely derived from the music of Claude Debussy and Olivier Messiaen.
http://wn.com/Tōru_Takemitsu -
Vic Tayback
http://wn.com/Vic_Tayback -
Warren Buffett
Warren Edward Buffett (; born August 30, 1930) is an American investor, industrialist and philanthropist. He is one of the most successful investors in the world. Often called the "legendary investor Warren Buffett", he is the primary shareholder, chairman and CEO of Berkshire Hathaway. He is consistently ranked among the world's wealthiest people, he was ranked as the world's second wealthiest person in 2009 and is currently the third wealthiest person in the world as of 2010.
http://wn.com/Warren_Buffett -
Wilfred Rhodes
http://wn.com/Wilfred_Rhodes -
Wilfrid Sheed
Wilfrid John Joseph Sheed (born December 27, 1930) is an English-born American novelist and essayist.
http://wn.com/Wilfrid_Sheed -
William A. MacCorkle
http://wn.com/William_A_MacCorkle -
William B. Ziff, Jr.
http://wn.com/William_B_Ziff_Jr -
William Howard Taft
http://wn.com/William_Howard_Taft -
Wilma Briggs
Wilma Briggs [Briggsie] (born November 6, 1930) is a former female left fielder who played from through in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. Listed at 5' 4", 138 lb., she batted left-handed and threw right-handed.
http://wn.com/Wilma_Briggs -
Yuri Artyukhin
http://wn.com/Yuri_Artyukhin -
Yves Chauvin
http://wn.com/Yves_Chauvin
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Clothing Of The Future - Clothing in The Year 2000
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:37
- Updated: 09 Nov 2012
A hilarious clip depicting what designers sometime around the 1930's thought fashion in 2000 would look like. Watch for the headlight hair accessory.
http://wn.com/Clothing_Of_The_Future_Clothing_in_The_Year_2000
Meet me down at Coney Island (1930)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:42
- Updated: 20 Oct 2012
A FOX Movietone film from 1930 Note: Opening shots feature (In order) Bowling Green in Lower Manhattan, Washington Square Park and Central park.
http://wn.com/Meet_me_down_at_Coney_Island_1930
(Rare!) Helen Keller & Anne Sullivan (1930 Newsreel Footage)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:59
- Updated: 10 Nov 2012
Quite a rare material. Helen Keller, the American author, political activist and lecturer, whom I don't have to explain much about, and her instructor and lifelong companion, Anne Sullivan, appears in a Vitaphone newsreel from 1930. In this footage Sullivan shows the way how Helen Keller learned to talk. The final line of this footage, "I Am Not DUMB now!" is somewhat touching. I know this footage have been shown on lots of more recent materials, but I was little bit surprised that nobody uploaded this before on YT except some clips, so I upload the full-length version.
http://wn.com/Rare!_Helen_Keller_Anne_Sullivan_1930_Newsreel_Footage
1930s Fashion - Fashion and Design during the Depression
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:54
- Updated: 30 Oct 2012
Fashion during the "Great Depression"
http://wn.com/1930s_Fashion_Fashion_and_Design_during_the_Depression
The Dynasphere! Psychotic 1930s Vehicle! [HD]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:44
- Updated: 08 Nov 2012
The Dynasphere! Psychotic 1930s Vehicle! A fusion of two British Pathe reels which you can watch here: "Dynasphere - Also Called Jumbo" www.britishpathe.com "Dynasphere: A One Seater Four Wheeler" www.britishpathe.com The music is a xylophone piece by Jack Simpson, you can watch the live British Pathe recording here: www.britishpathe.com Subscribe to our YouTube channel here: www.youtube.com And follow us on Twitter @BritishPathe ! www.twitter.com
http://wn.com/The_Dynasphere!_Psychotic_1930s_Vehicle!_HD_
African Pygmy Thrills, 1930s
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:35
- Updated: 09 Nov 2012
A film about pygmies from the 1930s.Topurchase a clean DVD or digital download of this film for personal home use or educational use contact us at questions@archivefarms.com. To license footage from this film for commercial use visit: www.travelfilmarchive.com
http://wn.com/African_Pygmy_Thrills,_1930s
1930's Swimwear Fashion Film in Color
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:31
- Updated: 05 Nov 2012
vintagemakeupguide.com and glamourdaze.com Vintage Fashion Film archive. A visual treat for vintage swimwear enthusiasts. Hailing from the glamor days of the early 1930s, this rare color film is a beautiful visual archive of vintage women's swimsuits . Footage courtesy of the Internet Archive and Prelinger Archive.Music by Annette Hanshaw
http://wn.com/1930's_Swimwear_Fashion_Film_in_Color
Los Angeles History 1930's Crime Raymond Chandler Pt 1 of 3
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:36
- Updated: 07 Nov 2012
Great Documentary . Includes lots of 1930's street scenes and news footage
http://wn.com/Los_Angeles_History_1930's_Crime_Raymond_Chandler_Pt_1_of_3
A flight aboard the DoX - 1930
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:02
- Updated: 07 Nov 2012
Perhaps the most dramatic flying boat ever built was the giant Dornier Do X. Conceived by Dr. Claudius Dornier, the Do X design took seven years to complete and two years to build. The giant flying boat was finally launched on July 12th 1929. Financed by the German transport ministry, the plane was built on the Swiss portion of Altenrhein in order to avoid the Allied Commission. When complete, the Do X was the largest, heaviest and most powerful aircraft in the world. On October 21st, the plane took off carrying 169 people consisting of 150 passengers, 10 crew and 9 stowaways, easily breaking the world record for the number of people aboard a flight. A record that would not be tested for 15 years. Weighing 48 tons, the plane taxied for 50 seconds before slowly ascending to only 650 feet. It flew for 40 minutes at a maximum speed of 105 mph finally landing on Lake Constance. The luxurious accommodations and service on the Do X were in keeping with the standards of transatlantic liners. Several cabins on the main deck held passengers comfortably on 32 double seats and two single seats, while the cockpit, captain's cabin, navigational office, engine control room and radio office could be found on the upper deck along with quarters for the 14 man crew. The lower deck held fuel and stores. The plane was enormous with a wingspan of 157 feet 5 inches, a length of 134 feet 2 inches and a height of 33 feet. As a result of the massiveness of the plane, passengers were asked to ...
http://wn.com/A_flight_aboard_the_DoX_1930
Unemployment in the 1930's & the lessons for 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:20
- Updated: 15 Oct 2012
Forced labour called "Workfare" in modern Britain 2012 - are we going back to the dark ages? Unemployment in the UK, once described as a thing of the past, but yet again we're heading towards 1930s levels. Most new jobs are badly paid or part time. Many who managed to substantially increase their wages in the 1980s have seen their dreams turn sour ever since Mortgage debt, repossession, and the threat of slum-like temporary accommodation are a serious reality a direct result from the ConDem counter-reformation. Benefit claimants, those who are sick & disabled face eviction as a result of "Housing Benefit Cap" The rich have got much richer, but in direct proportion poverty has returned with a vengeance. While the profits of banks, arms manufacturers, big monopolies and commodity speculators have soared - the price of food as soared as a direct result of capitalist speculators on the world stock markets seeking higher profits. From Ramsay MacDonald to Jim Callaghan & Tony Blair from their first government to their last, the Labour Party has to all intents and purposes been indistinguishable from the Tories. At home and abroad Labour was as loyal to the British state and its interests as the Tories. Labour broke strikes and sustained the status quo in Britain - Ed Miliband is already making it known regarding his views on "strikes". We want a modern Labour Party with vision, a party based on democratic socialism. Socialism is a system of production based on the actual human ...
http://wn.com/Unemployment_in_the_1930's_the_lessons_for_2012
Mechanical Principles (1930) by Ralph Steiner [4min selection]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:13
- Updated: 10 Nov 2012
This is my favorite 4min selection of a larger work by Ralph Steiner. The original was silent, and the DVD had it set to classical music. I have swapped the audio for an electronica/industrial track by 3 Liquid Hz - Little Boy. Favorite movements: @ 1:16 - counter mechanism @ 2:55 - normal gears, but cut to engage on diagonals @ 3:37 - SQUARE GEARS! @ 3:41 - variable speed transfer @ 3:46 - rotary to linear action with a 4 tooth cog
http://wn.com/Mechanical_Principles_1930_by_Ralph_Steiner_4min_selection_
US Dust Bowl of 1930's
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:53
- Updated: 09 Nov 2012
A segment from Discovery Channel's Making of a Continent about the dust bowl wind erosion of the 1930's
http://wn.com/US_Dust_Bowl_of_1930's
1930s: The Great Depression and Racial Segregation
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:24
- Updated: 09 Nov 2012
Learn about the atmosphere of the 1930s, the Great Depression and racial segregation in the south as you prepare to read Harper Lee's famous novel, To Kill A Mockingbird. Homelessness, unemployment, segregation, and lynchings set the stage for Jem's and Scout's adventures in Maycomb, Alabama.
http://wn.com/1930s_The_Great_Depression_and_Racial_Segregation
Buñuel L'AGE D'OR 1930, Erothic escene
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:01
- Updated: 09 Nov 2012
Visitame en: www.facebook.com L'Âge d'Or (The Golden Age) is a 1930 surrealist film directed by Luis Buñuel and written by Buñuel and Salvador Dalí.
http://wn.com/Buñuel_L'AGE_D'OR_1930,_Erothic_escene
Model Airplanes from the 1930s-1960s
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:49
- Updated: 03 Nov 2012
Compilation of newsreel footage of gas powered model airplanes from the 30's - 60's
http://wn.com/Model_Airplanes_from_the_1930s-1960s
Makeup 1930's
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:51
- Updated: 10 Nov 2012
I got it from Helena Rubinstein's site (www.helenarubinstein.com But now video is unavailable.
http://wn.com/Makeup_1930's
1930's Farm Life Home Movie
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:20
- Updated: 05 Nov 2012
This is a 16MM home movie of farm life in the 1930's, especially tractors and even a tractor pulling a shed. Enjoy!
http://wn.com/1930's_Farm_Life_Home_Movie
It's A Bird (1930)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:03
- Updated: 10 Nov 2012
Excerpt from a bizarre early stop-motion animation piece featuring Charley Bowers and a metal-eating bird. The creature devours junk from an auto scrapyard, then lays an egg that hatches and grows into a brand new car! Very impressive FX and way before CGI. Directed by Harold L. Muller.
http://wn.com/It's_A_Bird_1930
Havana, Cuba 1930s
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:44
- Updated: 10 Nov 2012
A tour of the city of Havana, Cuba in the 1930s filmed by Andre de la Varre. Footage from this subject is available for licensing from www.globalimageworks.com
http://wn.com/Havana,_Cuba_1930s
Methode Naturelle 1930s
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:29
- Updated: 08 Nov 2012
from the American docu-film Gizmo!
http://wn.com/Methode_Naturelle_1930s
Flip The Frog - Fiddlesticks (1930)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:12
- Updated: 01 Nov 2012
Flip the Frog was Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's first sound cartoon. It is about a happy-go-lucky, needy frog, named Flip the Frog. This cartoon was created by Ub Iwerks in 1930. He had drawn a frog and his girlfriend in "Night'", one of the last Silly Symphonies short films he drew while working for Walt Disney. After leaving Disney, Ub Iwerks began the Flip cartoon series with the help of Pat Powers. The first cartoon that Ub Iwerks made for the series was called Fiddlesticks (released on August 16, 1930), and it was also the first color sound cartoon ever made. Fiddlesticks was made in two-color Technicolor. The rest of the Flip series were made in black and white, except for Techno-Cracked (1933).
http://wn.com/Flip_The_Frog_Fiddlesticks_1930
Street of Forgotten Men 1930s
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:54
- Updated: 07 Nov 2012
A tour of The Bowery in New York City during the American depression. Topurchase a clean DVD or digital download of this film for personal home use or educational use contact us at questions@archivefarms.com. To license footage from this film for commercial use visit: www.travelfilmarchive.com
http://wn.com/Street_of_Forgotten_Men_1930s
Photo: AP / Moises Castillo
08 Nov 2012
By Sonia Perez-Diaz and Romina Ruiz-Goiriena Associated Press Comments People chat with a police officer while standing in the rubble caused after a magnitude 7.4 earthquake struck Wednesday in San...
Photo: AP / Khin Maung Win
09 Nov 2012
In recent months, communal violence in Burma's Rakhine state has left about 140 people dead and forced more than 100,000 from their homes. With Buddhist and Muslim communities effectively...
Photo: AP / Charles Dharapak
09 Nov 2012
Our children and grandchildren will live in a vastly different global economy China and India have ramped up investment in public education, increasing high school attendance and graduation rates....
Photo: AP / Osama Faisal
10 Nov 2012
DOHA, Qatar -- Syriaâs biggest political opposition bloc Friday elected a Christian, George Sabra, as president, a move Sabra said showed that the Muslim-majority nation will not allow its national...
Photo: AP / Natacha Pisarenko
09 Nov 2012
Tens of thousands of Argentinians vented their anger towards President Cristina Kirchner and her government on Thursday, taking to the streets to protest in city's across the country. Protesters...
The News Tribune
The city’s only fire station in the Port of Tacoma would shut down, and stations in Proctor and East Tacoma would lose fire engines, staffing and services, under a plan to help Tacoma balance its cash-strapped budget. In all, the Tacoma Fire Department’s number of active fire engines...(size: 9.3Kb)
The Examiner
Related topics Biblical historyself controlChrist-Like Advertisement The next thing mentioned by Jesus in our series of studies of the sermon on mount, is perhaps the most difficult to swallow and to follow for a Christian. Especially in the current age when peoples attitudes have become much more...(size: 10.1Kb)
104-80? Football? âCrazyâ describes it
10 Nov 2012
The Charlotte Observer
Saturday afternoon, Davidson Day football coach Chad Grier couldnât quite find the words to explain his teamâs 104-80 win against Harrells Christian on Friday. Harrells Christian is a 43-year-old private school from the Fayetteville-area. âI donât know what to say,â Grier said. âIt was...(size: 3.0Kb)
Fruity flavours
10 Nov 2012
The Star
The series on classic cocktails continues with a blazing look at brandy cocktails. FIRST of all, letÂs make this clear  cognac is a brandy, but a brandy may not necessarily be a cognac. While cognac tends to be the most common brandy in Malaysia, the name also applies to other spirits that are...(size: 10.2Kb)
Sick, frail struggle most in Sandy's aftermath
10 Nov 2012
NZ Herald
Some of the most vulnerable people the elderly, the disabled and the chronically ill have been pushed to the brink in the powerless, flood-ravaged neighbourhoods struggling to recover from Superstorm Sandy. The storm didn't just knock out electricity and destroy property when it came ashore in...(size: 6.5Kb)
Sick, frail struggle most in storm's aftermath
10 Nov 2012
my SA
NEW YORK (AP) — Some of society's most vulnerable people — the elderly, the disabled and the chronically ill — have been pushed to the brink in the powerless, flood-ravaged neighborhoods struggling to recover from Superstorm Sandy. The storm didn't just knock out electricity and destroy property...(size: 6.1Kb)
Sick, frail struggle most in Sandy’s aftermath
10 Nov 2012
Chicago Sun-Times
Updated: November 10, 2012 3:58PM NEW YORK — Some of society’s most vulnerable people — the elderly, the disabled and the chronically ill — have been pushed to the brink in the powerless, flood-ravaged neighborhoods struggling to recover from Superstorm Sandy. The storm didn’t just knock out...(size: 6.2Kb)
>Sick, frail struggle most in storm's aftermath
10 Nov 2012
Seattle Post
NEW YORK (AP) — Some of society's most vulnerable people — the elderly, the disabled and the chronically ill — have been pushed to the brink in the powerless, flood-ravaged neighborhoods struggling to recover from Superstorm Sandy. The storm didn't just knock out electricity and destroy property...(size: 6.1Kb)
Abe Lincoln, as youve never heard him
10 Nov 2012
Deccan Herald
Impeccable âNow he belongs to the ages,â Edward Stanton, Abraham Lincolnâs secretary of war, said at the presidentâs deathbed. âAnd to the studios,â he could have added. The latest in a long parade of screen Abes is Daniel Day-Lewis, who, though he grew up in England and Ireland and had...(size: 7.5Kb)
The Examiner
Related topics TVwedding bandTBSBrian Austin Greeninterview Advertisement Imagine that you're an actress and a character description comes across your desk: loving wife, devoted mother...and crime scene investigator. You also get to work with a cast that includes Brian Austin Green, Harold Perrineau...(size: 10.9Kb)
BBC News
David Ferrer plays Janko Tipsarevic in the last World Tour Finals' group match with Andy Murray's semi-final opponent to be decided. To get live updates & watch our video coverage you must enable Javascript. Watch Del Potro upsets Federer to qualify Watch Dominant Djokovic into ATP...(size: 15.5Kb)
The eyebrow evolution
10 Nov 2012
The Times of India
Eyebrows are one feature of your face that can actually change the way you look. Just like any other trend that evolves, the shapes of the eyebrows has also changed over the years. 1920: Way back in the 20s the trend setter was actress Clara Brown with her over tweezed straight thin brows. They went...(size: 2.2Kb)
STL Today
Zoo director George P. Vierheller (right) and William Conway install new plants in the bird house in May 1954. Zookeeper Bill Coleman speaks to one of the zoo’s parrots in March 1968. The caption notes that several of the parrots had been donated by their owners, as had been the “profane parrot”...(size: 3.2Kb)
This article is about the year 1930. For the Merzbow album, see 1930 (album).
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 19th century – 20th century – 21st century |
| Decades: | 1900s 1910s 1920s – 1930s – 1940s 1950s 1960s |
| Years: | 1927 1928 1929 – 1930 – 1931 1932 1933 |
| 1930 by topic: |
| Subject |
| By country |
| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Works and introductions categories |
| Gregorian calendar | 1930 MCMXXX |
| Ab urbe condita | 2683 |
| Armenian calendar | 1379 ԹՎ ՌՅՀԹ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6680 |
| Bahá'í calendar | 86–87 |
| Bengali calendar | 1337 |
| Berber calendar | 2880 |
| British Regnal year | 19 Geo. 5 – 20 Geo. 5 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2474 |
| Burmese calendar | 1292 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7438–7439 |
| Chinese calendar | 己巳年十二月初二日 (4566/4626-12-2) — to —
庚午年十一月十二日(4567/4627-11-12) |
| Coptic calendar | 1646–1647 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1922–1923 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5690–5691 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1986–1987 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1852–1853 |
| - Kali Yuga | 5031–5032 |
| Holocene calendar | 11930 |
| Iranian calendar | 1308–1309 |
| Islamic calendar | 1348–1349 |
| Japanese calendar | Shōwa 5 (昭和5年) |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 13 days |
| Korean calendar | 4263 |
| Minguo calendar | ROC 19 民國19年 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2473 |
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 1930 |
Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar.
Events[link]
January[link]
- January 6
- The first diesel engine automobile trip is completed (Indianapolis, Indiana, to New York City) by Clessie Cummins, founder of the Cummins Motor Co..
- The first literary character licensing agreement is signed by A. A. Milne, granting Stephen Slesinger U.S. and Canadian merchandising rights to the Winnie-the-Pooh works.
- January 13 – The Mickey Mouse comic strip makes its first appearance.
- January 26 – The Indian National Congress declares 26 January as Independence Day or as the day for Poorna Swaraj (Complete Independence).
- January 30 – The first radiosonde is launched in Pavlovsk, USSR.
- January 31 – The 3M company markets Scotch Tape.
February[link]
- 2 February - The Communist Party of Vietnam is established.
- February 18
- While studying photographs taken in January, Clyde Tombaugh confirms the existence of Pluto, a heavenly body considered a planet until 2006, when the term "planet" was officially defined. Pluto is now considered a Dwarf Planet.
- Elm Farm Ollie becomes the first cow to fly in an airplane, and also the first cow to be milked in an airplane.
March[link]
- March 2 – Mahatma Gandhi informs the British viceroy of India that civil disobedience will begin 9 days later.
- March 5 – Danish painter Einar Wegener goes through a sexual reassignment surgery and takes the name Lili Elbe.
- March 6 – The first frozen foods of Clarence Birdseye go on sale in Springfield, Massachusetts.
- March 12 – Mahatma Gandhi sets off on a 200-mile protest march towards the sea with 78 followers to protest the British monopoly on salt; more will join them during the Salt March that ends on April 5.
- March 28 – Constantinople and Angora change their names to Istanbul and Ankara.
- March 29 – Heinrich Brüning is appointed German Reichskanzler.
- March 31 – The Motion Pictures Production Code is instituted in the United States, imposing strict guidelines on the treatment of sex, crime, religion and violence in motion pictures for the next 40 years.
April[link]
- April 4 – The Communist Party of Panama is founded.
- April 5 – In an act of civil disobedience, Mahatma Gandhi breaks British law after marching to the sea and making salt.
- April 6
- International Left Opposition (ILO) is founded in Paris, France.
- Hostess Twinkies are invented.
- April 17 – Neoprene is invented.
- April 18
- April 19 – Warner Bros. release their first cartoon series called 'Looney Tunes' which runs until 1970.
- April 21
- A fire in the Ohio Penitentiary in Columbus kills 320 people.
- The Turkestan-Siberia Railway is completed.
- April 22 – The United Kingdom, Japan and the United States sign the London Naval Treaty regulating submarine warfare and limiting shipbuilding.
- April 28 – The first night game in organized baseball history takes place in Independence, Kansas.
May[link]
- May 4 or May 5 – Mahatma Gandhi is arrested again.
- May 6 – The Great Salmas Earthquake in Iran (7.3 on the Richter Scale) kills 4,000 people.
- May 10 – The National Pan-Hellenic Council is founded in Washington, D.C..
- May 15 – Aboard a Boeing tri-motor, Ellen Church becomes the first airline stewardess (the flight was from Oakland, California to Chicago, Illinois).
- May 16 – Rafael Leónidas Trujillo is elected president of the Dominican Republic.
- May 17 – French Prime Minister André Tardieu decides to withdraw the remaining French troops from the Rhineland (they depart by June 30).
- May 24 – Amy Johnson lands in Darwin, Australia, becoming the first woman to fly solo from England to Australia (she left on May 5 for the 11,000 mile flight).
- May 27 – Richard Drew invents the masking tape
- May 30
- Sergei Eisenstein arrives in Hollywood to work for Paramount Pictures; they part ways by October.
- William "Red" Hill Sr. makes his famous five-hour journey down the Niagara lower rapids.
June[link]
- June 9 – Chicago Tribune journalist Jake Lingle is shot in Chicago, Illinois. Newspapers promise $55,000 reward for information. Lingle is later found to have had contacts with organized crime.
- June 14 – Bureau of Narcotics (under Department of the Treasury) established.
- June 17 – U.S. President Herbert Hoover signs the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act into law.
- June 21 – One-year conscription comes into force in France.
July[link]
- July 4 – The dedication of George Washington's head is held at Mount Rushmore.
- July 5 – The Seventh Lambeth Conference of Anglican Christian bishops opens. This conference approved the use of artificial birth control in limited circumstances, marking a controversial turning point in Christian views on contraception.
- July 7
- The Lapua Movement marches in Helsinki, Finland.
- Building of the Boulder Dam (now known as Hoover Dam) is started.
- July 13 – The first FIFA World Cup starts: Lucien Laurent scores the first goal, for France against Mexico.
- July 21 – United States Department of Veterans Affairs established.
- July 25 – Laurence Olivier marries Jill Esmond.
- July 26 – Charles Creighton and James Hargis of Missouri begin their return journey to Los Angeles, driving 11,555 km using only a reverse gear; the trip lasts the next 42 days.
- July 28 – Richard Bennett defeats William Lyon Mackenzie King in federal elections and becomes the Prime Minister of Canada.
- July 30
- Uruguay beats Argentina 4–2 in the first association football World Cup Final.
- New York station W2XBS is put in charge of NBC broadcast engineers.
- July 31 – The radio drama The Shadow airs for the first time.
August[link]
- August 6 – Judge Joseph Force Crater steps into a taxi in New York and disappears.
- August 7
- Richard Bennett becomes Canada's eleventh prime minister.
- Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith are lynched in Marion, Indiana. James Cameron survives. This would be the last lynching of African Americans in a northern U.S. state.
- August 9 – Betty Boop premiers in the animated film Dizzy Dishes.
- August 12 – Turkish troops move into Persia to fight Kurdish insurgents.
- August 21 – Her Royal Highness The Princess Margaret,was born. The younger daughter of Prince Albert, Duke of York (second son of King George V and Queen Mary, and later King George VI) and Elizabeth, Duchess of York (later Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother), and sister to The Princess Elizabeth NB. Prince Albert becomes King George VI in December 1936 after the abdication of his older brother, Edward VIII.
- August 27 – A military junta takes over in Peru.
September[link]
- September 6 – José Félix Uriburu carries out a successful military coup, overthrowing Hipólito Yrigoyen, President of Argentina.
- September 12 – Cricket player Wilfred Rhodes ends his 1,110-game first-class career by taking 5 for 95 for H.D.G. Leveson Gower's XI against the Australians.
- September 14 – National Socialists win 107 seats in the German Parliament (18.3% of all the votes), making them the second largest party.
- September 20 – The Eastern Catholic Rite Syro-Malankara Catholic Church is formed.
- September 27 – İsmet İnönü forms new government in Turkey. (6th government)
October[link]
- October 5 – British Airship R101 crashes in France en-route to India on its maiden voyage.
- October 24 – Revolution of 1930: Getúlio Dornelles Vargas takes power in Brazil.
- October 27 – ratifications exchanged in London, for the first London Naval Treaty signed in April modifying the 1925 Washington Naval Treaty and the arms limitation treaty's modified provisions go into effect immediately; further limiting the expensive naval arms race between its five signatories.
November[link]
- November 2 – Haile Selassie is crowned emperor of Ethiopia.
- November 3 – Getúlio Vargas becomes president of Brazil.
- November 25
- An earthquake in the Izu Peninsula of Japan kills 223 people and destroys 650 buildings.
- Cecil George Paine, a pathologist at the Sheffield Royal Infirmary in England, achieves the first recorded cure (of an eye infection) using penicillin.[1]
December[link]
- December – Turkish women are given the right to vote.
- December 2 – Great Depression: U.S. President Herbert Hoover goes before Congress and asks for a US$150 million public works program to help generate jobs and stimulate the economy.
- December 7 – W1XAV in Boston, Massachusetts broadcasts video from the CBS radio orchestra program, The Fox Trappers. The broadcast also includes the first television commercial in the United States, an advertisement for I.J. Fox Furriers, who sponsored the radio show.
- December 19 – Mount Merapi volcano in central Java, Indonesia, erupts, destroying numerous villages and killing thirteen hundred.
- December 24 – In London, Harry Grindell Matthews demonstrates his device to project pictures to the clouds.
- December 28 – Mahatma Gandhi leaves for Britain for negotiations.
- December 29 – Sir Muhammad Iqbal's presidential address in Allahabad introduces the Two-Nation Theory, outlining a vision for the creation of Pakistan.
- December 31 – Papal encyclical Casti Connubii promulgated by Pope Pius XI stresses the sanctity of marriage, prohibits Catholics from using any form of artificial birth control and reaffirms the prohibition on abortion.
Date unknown[link]
- The British White Paper demands restrictions on Jewish immigration into Palestine.
- The Federal Bureau of Narcotics replaces the Narcotics Division of the Prohibition Unit.
- A Jake paralysis outbreak occurs in United States.
- Bernhard Schmidt invents the Schmidt camera.[1]
- The chocolate chip cookie is invented by Ruth Wakefield.
- A massive hurricane in the Caribbean almost demolishes the city of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
- W9XAP in Chicago, Illinois, broadcasts the U.S. senatorial election returns, which is the first time a senatorial race, with non-stop vote tallies, is ever televised.
- 1930–1931 – Crazy Horse's lifelong friend, He Dog, is interviewed by journalist Eleanor Hinman and Nebraska writer Mari Sandoz.
- Sudbury, Ontario, Canada is incorporated as a city.
- Europeans are 38% of world population.[citation needed]
- The Indochinese Communist Party is formed some time in October.
Births[link]
January[link]
- January 1 – Gaafar Nimeiry, President of Sudan (d. 2009)
- January 2
- Julius LaRosa, American singer
- Robert Loggia, American actor
- January 3 – Barbara Stuart, American actress (d. 2011)
- January 4 – Sorrell Booke, American actor (d. 1994)
- January 5 – Jesús Rosas Marcano, Venezuelan poet (d. 2001)
- January 6
- Charles Kalani, Jr., Asian-American actor (d. 2000)
- Vic Tayback, American actor (d. 1990)
- January 10 – Roy E. Disney, American film and television executive (d. 2009)
- January 12 – Jennifer Johnston, Irish writer
- January 19 – Tippi Hedren, American actress
- January 20 – Buzz Aldrin, American pilot and astronaut, Apollo 11 second person to set foot on the Moon
- January 23 – Derek Walcott, West Indian writer, Nobel Prize laureate
- January 24 – Rita Lakin, American author
- January 26 – John Straffen, British serial killer (d. 2007)
- January 27 – Bobby Bland, American singer
- January 30
- Samuel Byck, American airplane hijacker and murderer (d. 1974)
- Gene Hackman, American actor
February[link]
- February 1 – Hussain Muhammad Ershad, former President of Bangladesh
- February 6 – Allan King, Canadian director (d. 2009)
- February 8
- Alejandro Rey, Argentine-American actor (d. 1987)
- Jim Dooley, American football coach (d. 2008)
- February 10 – Robert Wagner, American actor
- February 12 – Arlen Specter, American politician
- February 15 – Sarah Jane Moore, American prisoner
- February 16
- Peter Adamson, British actor (d. 2002)
- Noah Weinberg, American-born Israeli rabbi, founder of Aish HaTorah (d. 2009)
- February 19 – John Frankenheimer, American film director (d. 2002)
- February 20 – Ken Jones, British actor
- February 22
- Marni Nixon, American singer and actress
- James McGarrell, American painter
- February 24
- Joan Diener, American musical theatre actress and singer (d. 2006)
- Anita Steckel, American feminist artist (d. 2012)
- February 27
- Joanne Woodward, American actress
- Peter Stone, American writer (d. 2003)
- February 28 – Leon Neil Cooper, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
March[link]
- March 2 – Tom Wolfe, American author and novelist
- March 3
- Heiner Geissler, German politician
- K. S. Rajah, Senior Counsel and former Judicial Commissioner of the Supreme Court of Singapore (d. 2010)
- Ion Iliescu, former President of Romania
- March 6
- Allison Hayes, American actress (d. 1977)
- Lorin Maazel, French-born conductor
- March 7 – Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon
- March 10 – Claude Bolling, French jazz pianist and composer
- March 13 – Liz Anderson, American country music singer-songwriter
- March 15 – Zhores Ivanovich Alferov, Russian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
- March 17 – James Irwin, American astronaut (d. 1991)
- March 19 – Ornette Coleman, American musician
- March 20 – Willie Thrower, American football player
- March 22
- Pat Robertson, American televangelist
- Stephen Sondheim, American composer and lyricist
- March 24
- David Dacko, first President of the Central African Republic (d. 2003)
- Steve McQueen, American actor (d. 1980)
- March 25 – John Keel, American author
- March 26 – Sandra Day O'Connor, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (1981–2006)
- March 27 – David Janssen, American actor (d. 1980)
- March 28 – Jerome Isaac Friedman, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
- March 30
- John Astin, American actor
- Rolf Harris, Australian-born entertainer
April[link]
- April 1 – Grace Lee Whitney, American actress
- April 3
- Lawton Chiles, U.S. Senator and the Governor of Florida (d. 1998)
- Helmut Kohl, Chancellor of Germany
- April 8 – Carlos Hugo of Bourbon-Parma, Duke of Parma (d. 2010)
- April 10 – Spede Pasanen, Finnish television personality (d. 2001)
- April 11 – Anton LaVey, American Satanist (d. 1997)
- April 12 – Michał Życzkowski, Polish Professor of Engineering (d. 2006)
- April 15 – Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, President of Iceland
- April 16
- Herbie Mann, American jazz flutist (d. 2003)
- Carol Bly, American author of short stories, essays, and nonfiction; teacher (d. 2007)
- April 19 – Dick Sargent, American actor and gay activist (d. 1994)
- April 21 – Silvana Mangano, Italian actress (d. 1989)
- April 24 – Richard Donner, American film director and producer
- April 25 – Paul Mazursky, American director and writer
- April 28 – Carolyn Jones, American actress (d. 1983)
- April 29 – Jean Rochefort, French actor
May[link]
- May 3 – Bob Havens, American musician
- May 4
- Roberta Peters, American soprano
- Katherine Jackson, Jackson Family matriarch
- May 8 – Heather Harper, Northern Irish soprano
- May 9 – Joan Sims, English actress (d. 2001)
- May 10 – Pat Summerall, American football player and broadcaster
- May 11 – Bud Ekins, American stuntman (d. 2007)
- May 15 – Jasper Johns, American painter
- May 19 – Lorraine Hansberry, American playwright (d. 1965)
- May 21 – Malcolm Fraser, 22nd Prime Minister of Australia
- May 22
- John Barth, American writer
- Harvey Milk, American politician and civil rights activist (d. 1978)
- Agustín Tosco, Argentine union leader (d. 1975)
- May 31 – Clint Eastwood, American actor, director, and producer
June[link]
- June 1 – Edward Woodward, British actor (d. 2009)
- June 2 – Charles Conrad, American astronaut and moonwalker, commander of Apollo 12 (d. 1999)
- June 8 – Robert Aumann, German-born mathematician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Economics
- June 9 – Monique Serf, French singer (d. 1997)
- June 11 – Charles B. Rangel, African-American politician
- June 12 – Jim Nabors, American actor, musician, and comedian
- June 17 – Brian Statham, English cricketer (d. 2000)
- June 19 – Gena Rowlands, American actress
- June 22 – Yuri Artyukhin, Russian cosmonaut (d. 1998)
- June 24
- Claude Chabrol, French film director (d. 2010)
- William B. Ziff, Jr., American publishing executive (d. 2006)
- June 25 – László Antal, Hungarian linguist (d. 1993)
- June 27 – Ross Perot, American billionaire and politician
- June 28 – Itamar Franco, President of Brazil
July[link]
- July 2
- Carlos Menem, President of Argentina
- Magdalen Redman, American professional baseball player
- July 3 – Carlos Kleiber, Austrian conductor (d. 2004)
- July 4
- Frunzik Mkrtchyan, Armenian actor (d. 1993)
- George Steinbrenner, American big businessman and then baseball team owner (d. 2010)
- July 9 – Buddy Bregman, American musical arranger
- July 11 – Harold Bloom, American literary critic
- July 15
- Jacques Derrida, Algerian-born French literary critic (d. 2004)
- Betty Wagoner, American professional baseball player (d. 2006)
- July 22 – Jeremy Lloyd, British actor and screenwriter
- July 25
- Maureen Forrester, Canadian contralto (d. 2010)
- Murray Chapple, New Zealand cricketer (d. 1985)
- July 28 – Jean Roba, Belgian comics author (d. 2006)
August[link]
- August 1 – Pierre Bourdieu, French sociologist
- August 5 – Neil Armstrong, American astronaut, first human to set foot on the Moon, Commander of Apollo 11
- August 6 – Abbey Lincoln, American singer (d. 2010)
- August 12 – George Soros, Hungarian-born investor
- August 13 – Don Ho, Hawaiian singer & musician (d. 2007)
- August 16 – Robert Culp, American actor (d. 2010)
- August 17 – Ted Hughes, English poet (d. 1998)
- August 19 – Frank McCourt, Irish-American writer (d. 2009)
- August 21 – Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon (d. 2002)
- August 23 – Mickey McMahan, American big band musician (d. 2008)
- August 25 – Sean Connery, Scottish actor
- August 27 – Gholamreza Takhti, Iranian wrestler (d. 1968)
- August 28 – Ben Gazzara, American actor (d. 2012)
- August 30 – Warren Buffett, American billionaire entrepreneur
September[link]
- September 3 – Cherry Wilder, New Zealand author (d. 2002)
- September 9 – Frank Lucas, African-American drug lord
- September 7
- King Baudouin I of Belgium (d. 1993)
- Sonny Rollins, American jazz saxophonist
- September 11
- Cathryn Damon, American actress (d. 1987)
- Renzo Montagnani, Italian actor (d. 1997)
- September 13
- Mary Baumgartner, American female professional baseball player
- Bola Ige, Nigerian politician (d. 2001)
- September 16 – Anne Francis, American actress (d. 2011)
- September 20 – Kenneth Mopeli, Chief Minister of QwaQwa bantustan
- September 21 – Dawn Addams, British actress (d. 1985)
- September 23
- Ray Charles, American singer and musician (d. 2004)
- Colin Blakely, English actor (d. 1987)
- September 24 – Angelo Muscat, Maltese actor (d. 1977)
- September 25 – Shel Silverstein, American author, poet, and humorist (d. 1999)
- September 26
- Philip Bosco, American actor
- Fritz Wunderlich, German tenor (d. 1966)
October[link]
- October 1
- Richard Harris, Irish actor (d. 2002)
- Philippe Noiret, French actor (d. 2006)
- Erica Yohn, American actress
- October 5
- Pavel Popovich, Soviet cosmonaut (d. 2009)
- Reinhard Selten, German economist, Nobel Prize laureate
- October 6 – Hafez al-Assad, President of Syria (d. 2000)
- October 8 – Tōru Takemitsu, Japanese composer (d. 1996)
- October 10
- Yves Chauvin, French chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
- Harold Pinter, English playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2008)
- October 11 – Sam Johnson, American politician
- October 14
- Schafik Handal, Salvadoran politician (d. 2006)
- Mobutu Sese Seko, former President of Democratic Republic of the Congo (d. 1997)
- October 17
- Robert Atkins, American nutritionist (d. 2003)
- Jimmy Breslin, American newspaper columnist and author
- October 24 – The Big Bopper, American singer. (d. 1959)
- October 28 – Bernie Ecclestone, English auto racing tycoon
- October 29
- Bertha Brouwer, Dutch athlete (d. 2006)
- Natalie Sleeth, American composer (d. 1992)
- October 30
- Clifford Brown, American jazz trumpeter (d. 1956)
- Timothy Findley, Canadian author (d. 2002)
- October 31 – Michael Collins, astronaut, second person to fly around the Moon solo, Command Module pilot on Apollo 11, the first human lunar landing
November[link]
- November 3 – D. James Kennedy, American evangelist (d. 2007)
- November 4 – Doris Roberts, American actress
- November 6 – Derrick Bell, law professor, Wilma Briggs, American female baseball player
- November 14
- Shirley Crabtree ("Big Daddy"), British professional wrestler (d. 1997)
- Edward White, American astronaut (d. 1967)
- November 15 – J.G. Ballard, English writer (d. 2009)
- November 16
- Chinua Achebe, Nigerian writer
- Salvatore Riina, Italian multiple murderer
- November 20 – Bernard Horsfall, British actor
- November 24 – Bob Friend, American baseball player
- November 25 – Clarke Scholes, American freestyle swimmer
- November 27 – Rex Shelley, Singaporean author (d. 2009)
December[link]
- December 1 – Joachim Hoffmann, German historian (d. 2002)
- December 2 – Gary Becker, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate
- December 3 – Jean-Luc Godard, French film director
- December 4 – Jim Hall, American jazz guitarist
- December 6 – Daniel Lisulo, Prime Minister of Zambia (d. 2000)
- December 7 – Christopher Nicole, British writer
- December 8 – Stan Richards, English actor (d. 2005)
- December 11
- Jean-Louis Trintignant, French actor
- Jim Williams, American antique dealer and preservationist
- December 15 – Edna O'Brien, Irish writer
- December 21
- Adebayo Adedeji, Nigerian UN official
- Kalevi Sorsa, prime minister of Finland (d. 2004)
- December 27 – Wilfrid Sheed, English-born American writer
- December 28 – Gladys Ambrose, English actress (d. 1998)
- December 29 – Frank Dezelan, American baseball umpire (d. 2011)
- December 31
- Odetta, American singer (d. 2008)
- Jaime Escalante, American teacher (d. 2010)
Date unknown[link]
- Barney Glaser, American sociologist
Deaths[link]
January–June[link]
- January 9 – Edward Bok, American author (b. 1863)
- January 13 – John Nathan Cobb, American author, naturalist, conservationist, fisheries researcher, and educator (b. 1868)
- February 14 – Sir Thomas MacKenzie, New Zealand Prime Minister and High Commissioner (b. 1854)
- February 15 – Giulio Douhet, Italian air power theorist (b. 1869)
- February 21 – Ahmad Shah Qajar, Shah of Persia (b. 1898)
- February 23
- Mabel Normand, American actress (b. 1895)
- Horst Wessel, Nazi ideologue and composer (b. 1907)
- February 28 – Sir Perceval Maitland Laurence, English classical scholar, South African judge and a benefactor of the University of Cambridge (b. 1854)
- March 2 – D. H. Lawrence, English writer (Lady Chatterley's Lover) (b. 1885)
- March 6 – Alfred von Tirpitz, German politician and admiral (b. 1848)
- March 8 – William Howard Taft, 27th President of the United States, 10th Chief Justice of the United States (b. 1857)
- March 12 – William George Barker, Canadian pilot
- March 19 – Arthur James Balfour, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1848)
- March 24 – Eugeen Van Mieghem, Belgian painter (b. 1875)
- April 2 – Empress Zawditu of Ethiopia (b. 1876)
- April 21 – Robert Bridges, English poet (b. 1844)
- April 14 – Vladimir Mayakovsky, Russian poet (b. 1893)
- April 22 – Jeppe Aakjær, Danish poet and novelist (b. 1866)
- May 13 – Fridtjof Nansen, Norwegian explorer, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1861)
- May 17 – Herbert Croly, American political author (b. 1869)
- May 25 – Randall Thomas Davidson, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1848)
- June 5 – Pascin, Bulgarian painter (b. 1885)
- June 13 – Henry Segrave, British racer and speed record holder (b. 1896)
July–December[link]
- July 7 – Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Scottish writer (Sherlock Holmes) (b. 1859)
- July 8 – Sir Joseph Ward, 17th Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1856)
- July 15
- Leopold Auer, Hungarian violinist (b. 1845)
- Rudolph Schildkraut, Istanbul born American actor (b. 1862)
- July 23 – Glenn Curtiss, American aviation pioneer (b. 1878)
- July 26 – Pavlos Karolidis, Greek historian (b. 1849)
- July 28 – Allvar Gullstrand, Swedish ophthalmologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1862)
- July 30 – Joan Gamper, Swiss-born businessman and founder of FC Barcelona (b. 1877)
- August 15 – Florian Cajori, Swiss-born historian of mathematics (b. 1859)
- August 24 – Tom Norman, English freak showman (b. 1860)
- August 26 – Lon Chaney, Sr., American actor (b. 1883)
- August 29 – William Archibald Spooner, British scholar and Anglican priest (b. 1844)
- September 1 – Peeter Põld, Estonian pedagogical scientist and politician (b. 1878)
- September 10 – Aubrey Faulkner, South African cricketer (b. 1881)
- September 15 – Milton Sills, American actor (b. 1882)
- September 20 – Gombojab Tsybikov, Russian explorer (b. 1873)
- September 21 – John T. Dorrance, American chemist (b. 1873)
- September 24 – William A. MacCorkle, Governor of West Virginia (b. 1857)
- October 2 – Gordon Stewart Northcott, serial killer, was hung.
- October 15 – Herbert Dow, Canadian-born chemical industrialist
- October 26 – Harry Payne Whitney, American businessman and horse breeder (b. 1872)
- November 5 – Christiaan Eijkman, Dutch physician and pathologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1858)
- November 30 – Mary Harris Jones, American labor leader (b. 1837)
- November – Alfred Wegener, German geophysicist and meteorologist (b. 1880)
- December 9
- Andrew "Rube" Foster, American Negro League baseball player
- Laura Muntz Lyall, Canadian painter (b. 1860)
- December 12 – Nikolai Pokrovsky, Russian politician and the last foreign minister of the Russian Empire (b. 1865)
- December 13 – Fritz Pregl, Austrian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1869)
- December 14 – F. Richard Jones, American director (b. 1893)
- December 17 – Peter Warlock, Anglo-Welsh composer (b. 1894)
Nobel Prizes[link]
- Physics – Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman
- Chemistry – Hans Fischer
- Physiology or Medicine – Karl Landsteiner
- Literature – Sinclair Lewis
- Peace – Nathan Söderblom
References[link]
- The 1930s Timeline: 1930 – from American Studies Programs at The University of Virginia
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Helen Keller | |
|---|---|
 Helen Keller sitting holding a magnolia flower, circa 1920. |
|
| Born | Helen Adams Keller (1880-06-27)June 27, 1880 Tuscumbia, Alabama, USA |
| Died | June 1, 1968(1968-06-01) (aged 87) Arcan Ridge, Easton, Connecticut, USA |
| Signature |  |
Helen Adams Keller (June 27, 1880 – June 1, 1968) was an American author, political activist, and lecturer. She was the first deafblind person to earn a Bachelor of Arts degree.[1][2] The story of how Keller's teacher, Anne Sullivan, broke through the isolation imposed by a near complete lack of language, allowing the girl to blossom as she learned to communicate, has become widely known through the dramatic depictions of the play and film The Miracle Worker.
A prolific author, Keller was well-traveled, and was outspoken in her anti-war convictions. A member of the Socialist Party of America and the Industrial Workers of the World, she campaigned for women's suffrage, labor rights, socialism, and other radical left causes. She was inducted into the Alabama Women's Hall of Fame in 1971.[3]
Contents |
Early childhood and illness[link]
Helen Adams Keller was born on June 27, 1880, in Tuscumbia, Alabama. Her family lived on a homestead, Ivy Green,[4] that Helen's grandfather had built decades earlier.[5] Helen's father, Arthur H. Keller,[6] spent many years as an editor for the Tuscumbia North Alabamian and had served as a captain for the Confederate Army.[5] Helen's paternal grandmother was the second cousin of Robert E. Lee.[7] Helen's mother, Kate Adams,[8] was the daughter of Charles Adams.[9] Though originally from Massachusetts, Charles Adams also fought for the Confederate Army during the American Civil War, earning the rank of brigadier-general.[7]
Helen's father's lineage can be traced to Casper Keller, a native of Switzerland.[7][10] Coincidentally, one of Helen's Swiss ancestors was the first teacher for the deaf in Zurich.[7] Helen reflects upon this coincidence in her first autobiography, stating "that there is no king who has not had a slave among his ancestors, and no slave who has not had a king among his."[7]
Helen Keller was not born blind and deaf; it was not until she was 19 months old that she contracted an illness described by doctors as "an acute congestion of the stomach and the brain", which might have been scarlet fever or meningitis. The illness did not last for a particularly long time, but it left her deaf and blind. At that time, she was able to communicate somewhat with Martha Washington,[11] the six-year-old daughter of the family cook, who understood her signs; by the age of seven, she had over 60 home signs to communicate with her family.
In 1886, her mother, inspired by an account in Charles Dickens' American Notes of the successful education of another deaf and blind woman, Laura Bridgman, dispatched young Helen, accompanied by her father, to seek out Dr. J. Julian Chisolm, an eye, ear, nose, and throat specialist in Baltimore, for advice.[12] He subsequently put them in touch with Alexander Graham Bell, who was working with deaf children at the time. Bell advised the couple to contact the Perkins Institute for the Blind, the school where Bridgman had been educated, which was then located in South Boston. Michael Anaganos, the school's director, asked former student Anne Sullivan, herself visually impaired and only 20 years old, to become Keller's instructor. It was the beginning of a 49-year-long relationship, Sullivan evolving into governess and then eventual companion.
Anne Sullivan arrived at Keller's house in March 1887, and immediately began to teach Helen to communicate by spelling words into her hand, beginning with "d-o-l-l" for the doll that she had brought Keller as a present. Keller was frustrated, at first, because she did not understand that every object had a word uniquely identifying it. In fact, when Sullivan was trying to teach Keller the word for "mug", Keller became so frustrated she broke the doll.[13] Keller's big breakthrough in communication came the next month, when she realized that the motions her teacher was making on the palm of her hand, while running cool water over her other hand, symbolized the idea of "water"; she then nearly exhausted Sullivan demanding the names of all the other familiar objects in her world.
Due to a protruding left eye, Keller was usually photographed in profile. Both her eyes were replaced in adulthood with glass replicas for "medical and cosmetic reasons".[14]
Formal education[link]
Starting in May, 1888, Keller attended the Perkins Institute for the Blind. In 1894, Helen Keller and Anne Sullivan moved to New York to attend the Wright-Humason School for the Deaf, and to learn from Sarah Fuller at the Horace Mann School for the Deaf. In 1896, they returned to Massachusetts and Keller entered The Cambridge School for Young Ladies before gaining admittance, in 1900, to Radcliffe College, where she lived in Briggs Hall, South House. Her admirer, Mark Twain, had introduced her to Standard Oil magnate Henry Huttleston Rogers, who, with his wife Abbie, paid for her education. In 1904, at the age of 24, Keller graduated from Radcliffe, becoming the first deaf blind person to earn a Bachelor of Arts degree. She maintained a correspondence with the Austrian philosopher and pedagogue Wilhelm Jerusalem, who was one of the first to discover her literary talent.[15]
Determined to communicate with others as conventionally as possible, Keller learned to speak, and spent much of her life giving speeches and lectures. She learned to "hear" people's speech by reading their lips with her hands—her sense of touch had become extremely supple. She became proficient at using Braille and reading sign language with her hands as well.[volume & issue needed]
Companions[link]
Anne Sullivan stayed as a companion to Helen Keller long after she taught her. Anne married John Macy in 1905, and her health started failing around 1914. Polly Thompson was hired to keep house. She was a young woman from Scotland who had no experience with deaf or blind people. She progressed to working as a secretary as well, and eventually became a constant companion to Keller.[16]
Keller moved to Forest Hills, Queens, together with Anne and John, and used the house as a base for her efforts on behalf of the American Foundation for the Blind.[17]
After Sullivan died in 1936, Keller and Thompson moved to Connecticut. They traveled worldwide and raised funds for the blind. Thompson had a stroke in 1957 from which she never fully recovered, and died in 1960.[1]
Winnie Corbally, a nurse who was originally brought in to care for Thompson in 1957, stayed on after her death and was Keller's companion for the rest of her life.[1]
Political activities[link]
"The few own the many because they possess the means of livelihood of all ... The country is governed for the richest, for the corporations, the bankers, the land speculators, and for the exploiters of labor. The majority of mankind are working people. So long as their fair demands—the ownership and control of their livelihoods—are set at naught, we can have neither men's rights nor women's rights. The majority of mankind is ground down by industrial oppression in order that the small remnant may live in ease."
—Helen Keller, 1911[18]
Keller went on to become a world-famous speaker and author. She is remembered as an advocate for people with disabilities, amid numerous other causes. She was a suffragist, a pacifist, an opponent of Woodrow Wilson, a radical socialist and a birth control supporter. In 1915 she and George Kessler founded the Helen Keller International (HKI) organization. This organization is devoted to research in vision, health and nutrition. In 1920 she helped to found the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). Keller traveled to 40 some-odd countries with Sullivan, making several trips to Japan and becoming a favorite of the Japanese people. Keller met every U.S. President from Grover Cleveland to Lyndon B. Johnson and was friends with many famous figures, including Alexander Graham Bell, Charlie Chaplin and Mark Twain. Keller and Chaplin shared anti-capitalist views; Keller and Twain were both considered radicals at the beginning of the 20th century, and as a consequence, their political views have been forgotten or glossed over in popular perception.[19]
Keller was a member of the Socialist Party and actively campaigned and wrote in support of the working class from 1909 to 1921. She supported Socialist Party candidate Eugene V. Debs in each of his campaigns for the presidency. Newspaper columnists who had praised her courage and intelligence before she expressed her socialist views now called attention to her disabilities. The editor of the Brooklyn Eagle wrote that her "mistakes sprung out of the manifest limitations of her development." Keller responded to that editor, referring to having met him before he knew of her political views:
| “ | At that time the compliments he paid me were so generous that I blush to remember them. But now that I have come out for socialism he reminds me and the public that I am blind and deaf and especially liable to error. I must have shrunk in intelligence during the years since I met him...Oh, ridiculous Brooklyn Eagle! Socially blind and deaf, it defends an intolerable system, a system that is the cause of much of the physical blindness and deafness which we are trying to prevent.[20] | ” |
Keller joined the Industrial Workers of the World (known as the IWW or the Wobblies) in 1912,[19] saying that parliamentary socialism was "sinking in the political bog". She wrote for the IWW between 1916 and 1918. In Why I Became an IWW,[21] Keller explained that her motivation for activism came in part from her concern about blindness and other disabilities:
| “ | I was appointed on a commission to investigate the conditions of the blind. For the first time I, who had thought blindness a misfortune beyond human control, found that too much of it was traceable to wrong industrial conditions, often caused by the selfishness and greed of employers. And the social evil contributed its share. I found that poverty drove women to a life of shame that ended in blindness. | ” |
The last sentence refers to prostitution and syphilis, the former a frequent cause of the latter, and the latter a leading cause of blindness. In the same interview, Keller cited the 1912 strike of textile workers in Lawrence, Massachusetts for instigating her radicalization.
Writings[link]
Keller wrote a total of 12 published books and several articles.
One of her earliest pieces of writing, at age 11, was The Frost King (1891). There were allegations that this story had been plagiarized from The Frost Fairies by Margaret Canby. An investigation into the matter revealed that Keller may have experienced a case of cryptomnesia, which was that she had Canby's story read to her but forgot about it, while the memory remained in her subconscious.[1]
At age 22, Keller published her autobiography, The Story of My Life (1903), with help from Sullivan and Sullivan's husband, John Macy. It includes words that Keller wrote and the story of her life up to age 21, and was written during her time in college.
Keller wrote The World I Live In in 1908 giving readers an insight into how she felt about the world.[22] Out of the Dark, a series of essays on socialism, was published in 1913.
When Keller was young, Anne Sullivan introduced her to Phillips Brooks, who introduced her to Christianity, Keller famously saying: "I always knew He was there, but I didn't know His name!"[23][24][25]
Her spiritual autobiography, My Religion, was published in 1927 and then in 1994 extensively revised and re-issued under the title Light in My Darkness. It advocates the teachings of Emanuel Swedenborg, the Christian revelator and theologian who gives a spiritual interpretation of the teachings of the Bible and who claims that the second coming of Jesus Christ has already taken place. Adherents use several names to describe themselves, including Second Advent Christian, Swedenborgian and New Church.
Akita dog[link]
When Keller visited Akita Prefecture in Japan in July 1937, she inquired about Hachikō, the famed Akita dog that had died in 1935. She told a Japanese person that she would like to have an Akita dog; one was given to her within a month, with the name of Kamikaze-go. When he died of canine distemper, his older brother, Kenzan-go, was presented to her as an official gift from the Japanese government in July 1938. Keller is credited with having introduced the Akita to the United States through these two dogs.
By 1939 a breed standard had been established and dog shows had been held, but such activities stopped after World War II began. Keller wrote in the Akita Journal:
| “ | If ever there was an angel in fur, it was Kamikaze. I know I shall never feel quite the same tenderness for any other pet. The Akita dog has all the qualities that appeal to me – he is gentle, companionable and trusty.[26][27] | ” |
Later life[link]
Keller suffered a series of strokes in 1961 and spent the last years of her life at her home.[1]
On September 14, 1964, President Lyndon B. Johnson awarded her the Presidential Medal of Freedom, one of the United States' two highest civilian honors. In 1965 she was elected to the National Women's Hall of Fame at the New York World's Fair.[1]
Keller devoted much of her later life to raising funds for the American Foundation for the Blind. She died in her sleep on June 1, 1968, at her home, Arcan Ridge, located in Easton, Connecticut. A service was held in her honor at the National Cathedral in Washington, D.C., and her ashes were placed there next to her constant companions, Anne Sullivan and Polly Thompson.
Portrayals[link]
Keller's life has been interpreted many times. She appeared in a silent film, Deliverance (1919), which told her story in a melodramatic, allegorical style.[28]
She was also the subject of the documentaries Helen Keller in Her Story, narrated by Katharine Cornell, and The Story of Helen Keller, part of the Famous Americans series produced by Hearst Entertainment.
The Miracle Worker is a cycle of dramatic works ultimately derived from her autobiography, The Story of My Life. The various dramas each describe the relationship between Keller and Sullivan, depicting how the teacher led her from a state of almost feral wildness into education, activism, and intellectual celebrity. The common title of the cycle echoes Mark Twain's description of Sullivan as a "miracle worker." Its first realization was the 1957 Playhouse 90 teleplay of that title by William Gibson. He adapted it for a Broadway production in 1959 and an Oscar-winning feature film in 1962, starring Anne Bancroft and Patty Duke. It was remade for television in 1979 and 2000.
In 1984, Helen Keller's life story was made into a TV movie called The Miracle Continues.[29] This film that entailed the semi-sequel to The Miracle Worker recounts her college years and her early adult life. None of the early movies hint at the social activism that would become the hallmark of Keller's later life, although a Disney version produced in 2000 states in the credits that she became an activist for social equality.
The Bollywood movie Black (2005) was largely based on Keller's story, from her childhood to her graduation. A documentary called Shining Soul: Helen Keller's Spiritual Life and Legacy was produced by the Swedenborg Foundation in the same year. The film focuses on the role played by Emanuel Swedenborg's spiritual theology in her life and how it inspired Keller's triumph over her triple disabilities of blindness, deafness and a severe speech impediment.
On March 6, 2008, the New England Historic Genealogical Society announced that a staff member had discovered a rare 1888 photograph showing Helen and Anne, which, although previously published, had escaped widespread attention.[30] Depicting Helen holding one of her many dolls, it is believed to be the earliest surviving photograph of Anne.[31]
Posthumous honors[link]
In 1999, Keller was listed in Gallup's Most Widely Admired People of the 20th century.
In 2003, Alabama honored its native daughter on its state quarter.[32]
The Helen Keller Hospital in Sheffield, Alabama is dedicated to her.[33]
There are streets named after Helen Keller in Getafe, Spain, in Lod, Israel[34], in Lisbon, Portugal[35] and in Caen, France.
A preschool for the deaf and hard of hearing in Mysore, India, was originally named after Helen Keller by its founder K. K. Srinivasan.
On October 7, 2009, a bronze statue of Helen Keller was added to the National Statuary Hall Collection, as a replacement for the State of Alabama's former 1908 statue of the education reformer Jabez Lamar Monroe Curry. It is displayed in the United States Capitol Visitor Center and depicts Keller as a seven-year-old child standing at a water pump. The statue represents the seminal moment in Keller's life when she understood her first word: W-A-T-E-R, as signed into her hand by teacher Anne Sullivan. The pedestal base bears a quotation in raised letters and Braille characters: "The best and most beautiful things in the world cannot be seen or even touched, they must be felt with the heart."[36] The statue is the first one of a person with a disability and of a child to be permanently displayed at the U.S. Capitol.[37][38][39]
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ a b c d e f "The life of Helen Keller". Royal National Institute of Blind People. November 20, 2008. http://www.rnib.org.uk/xpedio/groups/public/documents/publicwebsite/public_keller.hcsp. Retrieved January 22, 2009.
- ^ "Helen Keller FAQ". Perkins School for the Blind. http://www.perkins.org/vision-loss/helen-keller/. Retrieved December 25, 2010.
- ^ "Inductees". Alabama Women's Hall of Fame. State of Alabama. http://www.awhf.org/inductee.html. Retrieved February 20, 2012.
- ^ Virtual tour of Ivy Green, Helen Keller's birthplace
- ^ a b Nielsen, Kim (2007), "The Southern Ties of Helen Keller", Journal of Southern History 73 (4)
- ^ "Arthur H. Keller". Encyclopedia of Alabama. http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Multimedia.jsp?id=m-2381. Retrieved March 7, 2010.
- ^ a b c d e Herrman, Dorothy; Keller, Helen; Shattuck, Roger (2003), The Story of my Life: The Restored Classic, pp. 12–14, ISBN 978-0-393-32568-3, http://books.google.com/books?id=qc0CBfqMffUC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false, retrieved May 14, 2010
- ^ "Kate Adams Keller". American Foundation for the Blind. http://www.afb.org/braillebug/hkgallery.asp?frameid=4. Retrieved March 7, 2010.
- ^ "Charles W. Adams (1817–1878) – Find A Grave Memorial". Findagrave.com. http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=8578177. Retrieved August 11, 2009.
- ^ "American Foundation for the Blind". Afb.org. June 1, 1968. http://www.afb.org/braillebug/askkeller.asp?issueid=200511. Retrieved August 24, 2010.
- ^ "The Story of My Life, by Helen Keller – discusses Martha Washington". Project Gutenberg. p. 11. http://www.gutenberg.org/catalog/world/readfile?fk_files=729&pageno=11. Retrieved March 7, 2010.
- ^ Worthington, W. Curtis. A Family Album: Men Who Made the Medical Center (Medical University of South Carolina ed.). ISBN 978-0-87152-444-7. http://www.muschealth.com/about_us/history/chislom.htm.
- ^ Wilkie, Katherine E. Helen Keller: Handicapped Girl. Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill.
- ^ Herrmann, Dorothy. Helen Keller: A Life. New York, NY: Knopf. ISBN 978-0-679-44354-4.
- ^ Herbert Gantschacher "Back from History! – The correspondence of letters between the Austrian-Jewish philosopher Wilhelm Jerusalem and the American deafblind writer Helen Keller ", Gebärdensache, Vienna 2009, p. 35ff.
- ^ "The Life of Helen Keller". Graceproducts.com. http://www.graceproducts.com/keller/life.html. Retrieved August 24, 2010.
- ^ The life of Helen Keller, Royal National Institute of Blind People, last updated November 20, 2008. Retrieved June 17, 2009.
- ^ Helen Keller: Rebel Lives, by Helen Keller & John Davis, Ocean Press, 2003 ISBN 978-1-876175-60-3, pg 57
- ^ a b Loewen, James W. (1996) [1995]. Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong (Touchstone Edition ed.). New York, NY: Touchstone. pp. 20–22. ISBN 978-0-684-81886-3.
- ^ Keller, Helen. "How I Became a Socialist". http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/keller-helen/works/1910s/12_11_03.htm. Retrieved August 27, 2007.
- ^ "Why I Became an IWW" in Helen Keller Reference Archive from An interview written by Barbara Bindley published in the New York Tribune, January 16, 1916
- ^ Keller, Helen (2004) [1908]. The World I Live In (NYRB Classics 2004 ed.). New York: NYRB Classics. ISBN 978-1-59017-067-0.
- ^ H. L. Willmington. Willmington's Guide to the Bible. Tyndale House Publishers. http://books.google.com/books?id=NeCN2cVnONYC&pg=PA591&dq=Helen+Keller+didn't+know+His+name#v=onepage&q=Helen%20Keller%20didn't%20know%20His%20name&f=false. Retrieved October 18, 2007. "Sometime after she had progressed to the point that she could engage in conversation, she was told of God and his love in sending Christ to die on the cross. She is said to have responded with joy, "I always knew he was there, but I didn't know his name!""
- ^ Harold E. Helms. God's Final Answer. http://books.google.com/books?id=PzDfvkvqI0IC&pg=PA78&dq=Helen+Keller+but+I+didn't+know+His+name+Helen+Keller#v=onepage&q=Helen%20Keller%20but%20I%20didn't%20know%20His%20name%20Helen%20Keller&f=false. Retrieved October 18, 2007. "A favorite story about Helen Keller concerns her first introduction to the gospel. When Helen, who was both blind and deaf, learned to communicate, Anne Sullivan, her teacher, decided that it was time for her to hear about Jesus Christ. Anne called for Phillips Brooks, the most famous preacher in Boston. With Sullivan interpreting for him, he talked to Helen Keller about Christ. It wasn't long until a smile lighted up her face. Through her teacher she said, "Mr. Brooks, I have always known about God, but until now I didn't know His name.""
- ^ Mary Lowe Dickinson, Myrta Lockett Avary. Heaven, Home And Happiness. Kessinger Publishing. http://books.google.com/books?id=VflZAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA216&dq=Helen+Keller+but+I+didn't+know+His+name+Helen+Keller#v=onepage&q=Helen%20Keller%20but%20I%20didn't%20know%20His%20name%20Helen%20Keller&f=false. Retrieved October 18, 2007. "Phillips Brooks began to tell her about God, who God was, what he had done, how he loved me, and what he was to us. The child listened very intently. Then she looked up and said, "Mr. Brooks, I knew all that before, but I didn't know His name.""
- ^ The Akita Inu: The Voice of Japan by Rick Beauchamp in Dog & Kennel
- ^ "Helen Keller: First Akitas in the USA". Natural-akita.com. June 14, 1937. http://www.natural-akita.com/JPTeez/html/helen_keller.html. Retrieved August 24, 2010.
- ^ "Deliverance (1919)". http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0010061/. Retrieved June 15, 2006.
- ^ "Helen Keller: The Miracle Continues (1984) (TV)". http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0087401/. Retrieved June 15, 2006.
- ^ The Independent (March 7, 2008). "Picture of Helen Keller as a child revealed after 120 years". London. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/picture-of-helen-keller-as-a-child-revealed-after-120-years-792781.html. Retrieved May 4, 2010.
- ^ Newly Discovered Photograph Features Never Before Seen Image Of Young Helen Keller, New England Genealogical Society. Retrieved March 6, 2008.
- ^ The United States Mint (March 23, 2010). "A likeness of Helen Keller is featured on Alabama's quarter". Usmint.gov. http://www.usmint.gov/mint_programs/50sq_program/states/index.cfm?flash=yes&state=AL. Retrieved August 24, 2010.
- ^ "Helen Keller Hospital website". Helenkeller.com. http://www.helenkeller.com. Retrieved August 24, 2010.
- ^ "רחוב הלן קלר, לוד – Google Maps". Google. January 1, 1970. http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%95%D7%91+%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%9F+%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%A8,+%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%93&sll=37.0625,-95.677068&sspn=42.631141,93.076172&ie=UTF8&t=h&z=16&iwloc=A. Retrieved July 24, 2011.
- ^ "Toponomy section of the Lisbon Municipality website". Toponimia.cm-lisboa.pt. January 6, 1968. http://toponimia.cm-lisboa.pt/pls/htmldb/f?p=106:1:2892419774596293::NO::P1_TOP_ID:283:#ancora. Retrieved July 24, 2011.
- ^ "Helen Keller". The Architect of The Capitol. http://www.aoc.gov/cc/art/nsh/keller.cfm. Retrieved December 25, 2009.
- ^ "Helen Keller Statue Unveiled in Capitol". CBS News. October 7, 2009. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2009/10/07/politics/main5369775.shtml. Retrieved December 25, 2008.
- ^ "Helen Keller statue unveiled at Capitol". CNN. October 7, 2009. http://www.cnn.com/2009/US/10/07/HELEN.KELLER.STATUE/index.html. Retrieved December 25, 2008.
- ^ "One Impressive Kid Gets Her Statue at Capitol". The Washington Post. October 8, 2009. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/10/07/AR2009100703498.html. Retrieved December 25, 2008.
Further reading[link]
- Keller, Helen with Anne Sullivan and John A. Macy (1903) The Story of My Life. New York, NY: Doubleday, Page & Co.
- Lash, Joseph P. (1980) Helen and Teacher: The Story of Helen Keller and Anne Sullivan Macy . New York, NY: Delacorte Press. ISBN 978-0-440-03654-8
- Herrmann, Dorothy (1998) Helen Keller: A Life. New York, NY: Knopf. ISBN 978-0-679-44354-4
- "Keller, Helen Adams" World Encyclopedia. Philip's, 2008. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. University of Edinburgh. February 10, 2012 <http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t142.e6208>
External links[link]
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Wikisource has original works written by or about: |
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Helen Keller |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Helen Keller |
- The Story of My Life by Helen Keller at Project Gutenberg
- The Story of My Life with introduction to the text
- Works by or about Helen Keller in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- Booknotes interview with Dorothy Herrmann on Helen Keller: A Life, October 25, 1998.
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Keller, Helen |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American author and activist |
| Date of birth | 1880-06-27 |
| Place of birth | Tuscumbia, Alabama, USA |
| Date of death | 1968-06-01 |
| Place of death | Arcan Ridge, Easton, Connecticut, USA |
http://wn.com/Helen_Keller
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http://it.wn.com/Helen Keller
http://cs.wn.com/Helen Kellerová
http://id.wn.com/Helen Keller
http://es.wn.com/Helen Keller
http://ru.wn.com/Келлер, Хелен Адамс
http://pl.wn.com/Helen Keller
http://fr.wn.com/Helen Keller
http://de.wn.com/Helen Keller
http://hi.wn.com/हेलेन केलर
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Keller
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about Anne Sullivan, the teacher and companion of Helen Keller. For other uses, see Anne Sullivan (disambiguation).
| Anne Sullivan Macy | |
|---|---|
 Anne Sullivan in 1887 |
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| Born | Johanna Mansfield Sullivan (1866-04-14)April 14, 1866 Feeding Hills, Massachusetts |
| Died | October 20, 1936(1936-10-20) (aged 70) Forest Hills, New York, New York |
| Spouse | John Albert Macy (m. 1905–1932) «start: (1905)–end+1: (1933)»"Marriage: John Albert Macy to Anne Sullivan" Location: (linkback:http://en-wiki.pop.wn.com/index.php/Anne_Sullivan) |
Johanna "Anne" Mansfield Sullivan Macy (1866–1936), also known as Anne Sullivan, was an American teacher best known as the instructor and companion of Helen Keller.[1]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Sullivan was born on April 14, 1866 in Feeding Hills, Massachusetts. According to her baptismal certificate, her full name at birth was Johanna Mansfield Sullivan; however, she was called Anne from the time she was born.[2] Her parents' names were Thomas Sullivan and Alice Cloesy Sullivan and they were Irish immigrants who couldn't read and had little money.[2] In 1874 her mother, Alice, died, probably of tuberculosis;[3] after which Anne was sent to an almshouse, that today is Tewksbury Hospital in Tewksbury, Massachusetts. She was at Tewksbury for four years.[2] In 1880, Anne, who was blind from untreated trachoma, was sent to the Perkins School for the Blind. Anne had a brother, Jimmie (James),[4] born in 1869,[3] a sister Ellen born in 1867[3] and a sister, Mary.[citation needed]
Career[link]
Michael Anagnos, director of the Institute, then located in South Boston, was approached to suggest a teacher for the Keller's deafblind daughter. He asked Anne Sullivan, a former student, herself visually impaired and only 20 years old, to become Helen's instructor. It was the beginning of a 49-year relationship, Sullivan evolving into governess and then eventual companion.
Anne Sullivan arrived at Keller's house in March 1887, and immediately began to teach Helen to communicate by spelling words into her hand, beginning with "d-o-l-l" for the doll that she had brought Keller as a present. Keller was frustrated, at first, because she did not understand that every object had a word uniquely identifying it. In fact, when Sullivan was trying to teach Keller the word for "mug", Keller became so frustrated she broke the doll.[5] Keller's big breakthrough in communication came the next month, when she realized that the motions her teacher was making on the palm of her hand, while running cool water over her other hand, symbolized the idea of "water"; she then nearly exhausted Sullivan demanding the names of all the other familiar objects in her world.
As lifelong companions Sullivan and Keller continually lived, worked, and traveled together.
Personal life[link]
On May 3, 1905, Anne Sullivan married a Harvard University instructor and literary critic, John Albert Macy (1877–1932), who had helped Keller with her publications. Macy moved in with Keller and Sullivan, and the three lived together. However, within a few years, Macy's and Sullivan's marriage began to disintegrate. By 1914 they had separated, though they never officially divorced. In the early years after their separation, John wrote and asked for money.
In the 1920 census, Helen Keller was 38 years old and listed as head of her household in the Queens, New York Census. Anne is listed as living with her, age 52, listed as a private teacher of Helen. John Macy is also listed as living with them (entered as a Lodger, writer/author, age 44). As the years progressed Macy appears to have faded from Sullivan's life. Sullivan never remarried.
Awards[link]
In 1932, Helen and Anne were each awarded honorary fellowships from the Educational Institute of Scotland. They also were awarded honorary degrees from Temple University.[6]
Death[link]
By 1935, Sullivan became completely blind just one year before her death on October 20, 1936 in Forest Hills, New York. She died at age 70 after a coma, with Keller holding her hand.[7] When Keller herself died in 1968, her ashes were placed in the Washington National Cathedral next to Anne's.
Media representation[link]
Anne Sullivan is an integral character in The Miracle Worker, by William Gibson, originally produced for television, where she was portrayed by Teresa Wright.[8] The play then moved to Broadway, and was later produced as a 1962 feature film. Both the Broadway play and 1962 film featured Anne Bancroft in the Sullivan role.[9] Patty Duke—who played Helen Keller in the 1962 film version—later played Sullivan in a 1979 television remake.[10] Alison Elliott recently portrayed her in a 2000 television movie.[11] Alison Pill played Sullivan on Broadway in the 2010 revival of The Miracle Worker, with Abigail Breslin as Keller.
Both Anne Bancroft and Patty Duke won Academy Awards for Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress for their roles as Sullivan and Keller in the 1962 film version.
Anne Sullivan's first month with Helen Keller is chronicled in the novel, Miss Spitfire: Reaching Helen Keller, by Sarah Miller.[12] The award-winning first-person narrative imagines Annie's point of view and emotional landscape as she struggles to break through to her pupil.
References[link]
- ^ Herrmann, Dorothy. Helen Keller: A Life, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1998, p. 35. ISBN 0-679-44354-1
- ^ a b c http://www.afb.org/annesullivan/asmbiography.asp
- ^ a b c Nielsen, Kim E. (2009). Beyond the Miracle Worker: The Remarkable Life of Anne Sullivan Macy and Her Extraordinary Friendship with Helen Keller. Beacon Press. pp. 5, 7. ISBN 978-0-8070-5046-0. "1874 death of Alice Sullivan. .. stories indicate she had tuberculosis"
- ^ 1870 United States Federal Census
- ^ Wilkie, Katherine E. Helen Keller: Handicapped Girl. Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill
- ^ Herrmann, p. 252–53
- ^ Herrmann, p. 255.
- ^ Teresa Wright (I) at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ Anne Bancroft (I) at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ Patty Duke at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ Alison Elliott (I) at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ Miller, Sarah. Miss Spitfire: Reaching Helen Keller. New York: Atheneum, 2007.
Further reading[link]
- Nielsen, Kim E. (May 1, 2009). Beyond the Miracle Worker: The Remarkable Life of Anne Sullivan Macy and Her Extraordinary Friendship with Helen Keller. Beacon Press. ISBN 978-0-8070-5046-0. http://books.google.com/books?id=zIAMr12mYiYC.
- Delano, Marfe Ferguson (2008). Helen's Eyes: A Photobiography of Annie Sullivan, Helen Keller's Teacher. National Geographic Books. ISBN 978-1-4263-0209-1. http://books.google.com/books?id=Y0dr8AZP5wAC.
- Miller, Sarah (2007). Miss Spitfire: Reaching Helen Keller. Atheneum. ISBN 1-4169-2542-2. http://books.google.com/books/about/Miss_Spitfire.html?id=zo17vvgQj1IC.
- Keller, Helen (1955). Teacher, Anne Sullivan Macy: A Tribute by the Foster Child of Her Mind. Doubleday. http://books.google.com/books?id=Usu7AAAAIAAJ&q.
- Braddy, Nella (1933). Anne Sullivan Macy: The Story Behind Helen Keller. Doubleday, Doran & Company. http://www.archive.org/details/annesullivanmacy000333mbp.
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Anne Sullivan |
- Anne Sullivan Macy: Miracle Worker, a multimedia museum from the American Foundation for the Blind
- Works by Anne Sullivan at Project Gutenberg
- "Anne Sullivan". Educator. Find a Grave. Jan 01, 2001. http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=659. Retrieved Aug 18, 2011.
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||||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Sullivan, Anne |
| Alternative names | Macy, Anne Sullivan; Joanna Sullivan |
| Short description | Teacher and companion of Helen Keller |
| Date of birth | April 14, 1866 |
| Place of birth | Feeding Hills, Massachusetts |
| Date of death | October 20, 1936 |
| Place of death | Forest Hills, New York, New York |
http://wn.com/Anne_Sullivan
Related pages:
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http://fr.wn.com/Ann Mansfield Sullivan
http://pt.wn.com/Anne Sullivan
http://de.wn.com/Anne Sullivan Macy
http://id.wn.com/Anne Sullivan
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Sullivan
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For the current Sergeant Major of the U.S. Army, see Raymond F. Chandler.
| Raymond Chandler | |
|---|---|
| File:RaymondChandlerPromoPhoto.jpg | |
| Born | (1888-07-23)July 23, 1888 Chicago, Illinois, United States |
| Died | March 26, 1959(1959-03-26) (aged 70) La Jolla, California, United States |
| Occupation | Novelist |
| Nationality | American (1888–1907, 1956–59) British (1907–56) |
| Period | 1933–59 |
| Genres | crime fiction, suspense, hardboiled |
|
Influences
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Raymond Thornton Chandler (July 23, 1888 – March 26, 1959) was an American novelist and screenwriter.
In 1932, at age forty-four, Raymond Chandler decided to become a detective fiction writer after losing his job as an oil company executive during the Depression. His first short story, "Blackmailers Don't Shoot", was published in 1933 in Black Mask, a popular pulp magazine. His first novel, The Big Sleep, was published in 1939. In addition to his short stories, Chandler published just seven full novels during his lifetime (though an eighth in progress at his death was completed by Robert B. Parker). All but "Playback" have been realized into motion pictures, some several times. In the year before he died, he was elected president of the Mystery Writers of America. He died on March 26, 1959, in La Jolla, California.[2]
Chandler had an immense stylistic influence on American popular literature, and is considered by many to be a founder, along with Dashiell Hammett, James M. Cain and other Black Mask writers, of the hard-boiled school of detective fiction. His creation, (protagonist), Philip Marlowe, along with Hammett's Sam Spade, is considered by some to be synonymous with "private detective," both having been played on screen by Humphrey Bogart, whom many considered to be the quintessential Marlowe.
Some of Chandler's novels are considered to be important literary works, and three are often considered to be masterpieces: Farewell, My Lovely (1940), The Little Sister (1949), and The Long Goodbye (1953). The Long Goodbye is praised within an anthology of American crime stories as "arguably the first book since Hammett's The Glass Key, published more than twenty years earlier, to qualify as a serious and significant mainstream novel that just happened to possess elements of mystery".[3]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Chandler was born in Chicago, Illinois, in 1888, but spent his early years in Plattsmouth, Nebraska, living with his mother and father near his cousins, aunt (mother's sister) and uncle. After Chandler's family were abandoned by his father, an alcoholic civil engineer who worked for the railway, and to obtain the best possible education for Ray, his mother moved them to London, England in 1900.[4] Another uncle, a successful Quaker lawyer in Waterford, supported them,[5] while they lived with his maternal grandmother. Chandler was classically educated at Dulwich College, London (a public school whose alumni include the authors P.G. Wodehouse[5] and C. S. Forester). He spent some of his childhood summers in Waterford with his maternal family.[6] He did not attend university, instead spending time in Paris and Munich improving his foreign language skills. In 1907, he was naturalised as a British subject in order to take the civil service examination, which he passed, and then took an Admiralty job, lasting just over a year. His first poem was published during that time.[7] Chandler regained his US citizenship in 1956 [7].
Chandler disliked the servility of the civil service and resigned, to the consternation of his family, and became a reporter for the Daily Express and the Bristol Western Gazette newspapers. He was an unsuccessful journalist, published reviews and continued writing romantic poetry. Accounting for that time he said, "Of course in those days as now there were … clever young men who made a decent living as freelances for the numerous literary weeklies" but "I was distinctly not a clever young man. Nor was I at all a happy young man."[8]
In 1912, he borrowed money from his Waterford uncle, who expected it to be repaid with interest, and returned to America, visiting his aunt and uncle before settling in San Francisco for a time, where he took a correspondence bookkeeping course, finishing ahead of schedule, and where his mother joined him in late 1912. Eventually they moved to Los Angeles in 1913.[9] Along the way he strung tennis rackets, picked fruit and endured a time of scrimping and saving. Once in Los Angeles he found steady employment with The Los Angeles Creamery, both in Los Angeles and Santa Barbara. In 1917, when the US entered World War I, he enlisted in the Canadian Expeditionary Force, saw combat in the trenches in France with the Gordon Highlanders, and was undergoing flight training in the fledgling Royal Air Force (RAF) when the war ended.[5]
After the armistice, he returned to Los Angeles by way of Canada, and soon began a love affair with Cissy Pascal, a married woman 18 years his senior, and the step-mother of Gordon Pascal, with whom Chandler had enlisted.[5] Cissy amicably divorced her husband Julian in 1920, but Chandler's mother disapproved of the relationship and refused to sanction the marriage. For four years Chandler supported both his mother and Cissy. When Florence Chandler died on September 26, 1923, Raymond was free to marry Cissy, and did so on February 6, 1924.[5][10] By 1931, he had become a highly paid vice-president of the Dabney Oil Syndicate, but a year later, his alcoholism, absenteeism, promiscuity with female employees and threatened suicides[5] contributed to his being fired.
His life as a writer[link]
Due to his meager financial circumstances during the Depression, Chandler turned to his latent writing talent to earn a living, teaching himself to write pulp fiction by studying the Perry Mason story formula of Erle Stanley Gardner. Chandler's first professional work, "Blackmailers Don't Shoot", was published in Black Mask magazine in 1933; his first novel, The Big Sleep, was published in 1939, featuring his famous Philip Marlowe detective character speaking in the first person.
In 1950, Chandler described in a letter to his English publisher, Hamish Hamilton, why he began reading pulp magazines and later wrote for them:
- Wandering up and down the Pacific Coast in an automobile I began to read pulp magazines, because they were cheap enough to throw away and because I never had at any time any taste for the kind of thing which is known as women's magazines. This was in the great days of the Black Mask (if I may call them great days) and it struck me that some of the writing was pretty forceful and honest, even though it had its crude aspect. I decided that this might be a good way to try to learn to write fiction and get paid a small amount of money at the same time. I spent five months over an 18,000 word novelette and sold it for $180. After that I never looked back, although I had a good many uneasy periods looking forward.[11]
His second Marlowe novel, Farewell, My Lovely (1940), became the basis for three movie versions adapted by other screenwriters, including 1944's Murder My Sweet (which marked the screen debut of the Marlowe character), starring Dick Powell (whose depiction of Marlowe Chandler reportedly applauded). Literary success and film adaptations led to a demand for Chandler himself as a screenwriter. He and Billy Wilder co-wrote Double Indemnity (1944), based on James M. Cain's novel of the same name. The noir screenplay was nominated for an Academy Award.
Chandler's only original screenplay was The Blue Dahlia (1946). Chandler had not written a denouement for the script, and according to producer John Houseman, Chandler agreed to complete the script only if drunk, which Houseman agreed to. The script gained Chandler's second Academy Award nomination for screenplay.
Chandler collaborated on the screenplay of Alfred Hitchcock's Strangers on a Train (1951), an ironic fantasy murder story based on Patricia Highsmith's novel, which he thought implausible. Chandler clashed with Hitchcock to such an extent that they stopped talking, especially after Hitchcock heard that Chandler had referred to him as "that fat bastard." Hitchcock reportedly made a show of throwing Chandler's two draft screenplays into the studio trash can while holding his nose; however, Chandler's name retains the lead screenwriting credit along with Czenzi Ormonde.
In 1946 the Chandlers moved to La Jolla, California, an affluent coastal neighborhood of San Diego, where Chandler wrote the final two Philip Marlowe novels, The Long Goodbye and his last completed work, Playback. The latter was derived from an unproduced courtroom drama screenplay he had written for Universal Studios.
Four chapters of a novel, unfinished at his death, were transformed into a final "Chandler" Philip Marlowe book, Poodle Springs, by mystery writer and Chandler admirer Robert B. Parker, author of the "Spenser" series, in 1989. Parker shares the authorship with Chandler, and subsequently wrote his own Marlowe sequel to The Big Sleep entitled Perchance to Dream, which was salted with quotes from the original novel.
Chandler's final Marlowe short story, circa 1957, was entitled "The Pencil." It later provided the basis of an episode for an HBO mini-series (1983–86) entitled Philip Marlowe, Private Detective and starring Powers Boothe as Marlowe.
Later life and death[link]
In 1954 Pearl Eugenie (Cissy) Chandler died after a long illness. Heartbroken and drunk, Chandler neglected to inter Cissy's cremated remains, and they sat for 57 years in a storage locker in the basement of Cypress View Mausoleum.
After Cissy's death, Chandler's loneliness worsened his propensity for clinical depression; he returned to drink, never quitting it for long, and the quality and quantity of his writing suffered.[5] In 1955, he attempted suicide; literary scholars documented that suicide attempt. In The Long Embrace: Raymond Chandler and the Woman He Loved, Judith Freeman says it was "a cry for help," given that he called the police beforehand, saying he planned to kill himself. Chandler's personal and professional life were both helped and complicated by the women to whom he was attracted — notably Helga Greene (his literary agent); Jean Fracasse (his secretary); Sonia Orwell (George Orwell's widow); and Natasha Spender (Stephen Spender's wife), the latter two of whom assumed Chandler to be a repressed homosexual.[12]
After a respite in England, he returned to La Jolla. He died at Scripps Memorial Hospital of pneumonial peripheral vascular shock and prerenal uremia (according to the death certificate) in 1959. Helga Greene inherited Chandler's $60,000 estate, after prevailing in a 1960 lawsuit filed by Fracasse contesting Chandler's holographic codicil to his will.
Raymond Chandler is buried at Mount Hope Cemetery, San Diego, California. As Frank MacShane noted in his biography, The Life of Raymond Chandler, Chandler wished to be cremated and placed next to Cissy in Cypress View Mausoleum. Instead, he was buried in Mount Hope Cemetery because he had left no funeral or burial instructions.[13]
In 2010, Chandler historian Loren Latker, with the assistance of attorney Aissa Wayne (daughter of John Wayne), brought a petition to disinter Cissy's remains and reinter them with Chandler in Mount Hope. After a hearing September 2010 in San Diego Superior Court, Judge Richard S. Whitney entered an order granting Latker's request.[14]
On Valentine's Day (February 14) 2011, Cissy's ashes were conveyed from Cypress View to Mount Hope, and interred under a new grave marker above Chandler's, as they had wished.[15] About one hundred people attended the ceremony, which included readings by the Rev. Randal Gardner, Powers Boothe, Judith Freeman and Aissa Wayne. The shared gravestone reads "Dead men are heavier than broken hearts," a quotation from The Big Sleep. A video of the ceremony is available at http://raymondchandler.info/reunite. Chandler's original gravestone, placed by Jean Fracasse, is still at the head of his grave, while the new one is at the foot.
Chandler's thoughts on pulp fiction[link]
In his introduction to Trouble Is My Business (1950), a collection of twelve of his short stories, Chandler provided insight on the formula for the detective story and how the pulp magazines differed from previous detective stories:
- The emotional basis of the standard detective story was and had always been that murder will out and justice will be done. Its technical basis was the relative insignificance of everything except the final denouement. What led up to that was more or less passage work. The denouement would justify everything. The technical basis of the Black Mask type of story on the other hand was that the scene outranked the plot, in the sense that a good plot was one which made good scenes. The ideal mystery was one you would read if the end was missing. We who tried to write it had the same point of view as the film makers. When I first went to Hollywood a very intelligent producer told me that you couldn't make a successful motion picture from a mystery story, because the whole point was a disclosure that took a few seconds of screen time while the audience was reaching for its hat. He was wrong, but only because he was thinking of the wrong kind of mystery.
Chandler also described the struggle that the writers of pulp fiction had in following the formula demanded by the editors of the pulp magazines:
- As I look back on my stories it would be absurd if I did not wish they had been better. But if they had been much better they would not have been published. If the formula had been a little less rigid, more of the writing of that time might have survived. Some of us tried pretty hard to break out of the formula, but we usually got caught and sent back. To exceed the limits of a formula without destroying it is the dream of every magazine writer who is not a hopeless hack.[16]
Critical reception[link]
Critics and writers from W. H. Auden to Evelyn Waugh to Ian Fleming greatly admired Chandler's prose.[5] In a radio discussion with Chandler, Fleming said that Chandler offered “some of the finest dialogue written in any prose today.”[17] Although his swift-moving, hardboiled style was inspired mostly by Dashiell Hammett, his sharp and lyrical similes are original: "The muzzle of the Luger looked like the mouth of the Second Street tunnel"; "He had a heart as big as one of Mae West's hips"; "Dead men are heavier than broken hearts"; "I went back to the seasteps and moved down them as cautiously as a cat on a wet floor." Chandler's writing redefined the private eye fiction genre, led to the coining of the adjective "Chandleresque," and inevitably became the subject of parody and pastiche. Yet the detective Philip Marlowe is not a stereotypical tough guy, but a complex, sometimes sentimental man with few friends who attended university, who speaks some Spanish and sometimes admires Mexicans, and who is a student of chess and classical music. He will refuse a prospective client’s money if he is ethically unsatisfied with a job.
The high regard in which Chandler is generally held today is in contrast to the critical sniping that stung the author during his lifetime. In a March 1942 letter to Blanche Knopf, published in Selected Letters of Raymond Chandler, Chandler complained, "The thing that rather gets me down is that when I write something that is tough and fast and full of mayhem and murder, I get panned for being tough and fast and full of mayhem and murder, and then when I try to tone down a bit and develop the mental and emotional side of a situation, I get panned for leaving out what I was panned for putting in the first time."
Although his work enjoys general acclaim today, Chandler has been criticized for certain aspects of his work; in an interview, Washington Post reviewer Patrick Anderson described his plots as "rambling at best and incoherent at worst," and chastised his treatment of black, female, and homosexual characters, calling him a "rather nasty man at times." Anderson nevertheless praised Chandler as "probably the most lyrical of the major crime writers."[18]
Chandler’s short stories and novels are evocatively written, conveying the time, place and ambiance of Los Angeles and environs in the 1930s and 1940s.[5] The places are real, if pseudonymous: Bay City is Santa Monica, Gray Lake is Silver Lake, and Idle Valley a synthesis of rich San Fernando Valley communities.
Chandler was also a perceptive critic of pulp fiction; his essay "The Simple Art of Murder" is the standard reference work in the field.
All but one of his novels have been cinematically adapted. Arguably the most notable is The Big Sleep (1946), by Howard Hawks, with Humphrey Bogart as Philip Marlowe. William Faulkner was a co-writer on the screenplay. Chandler's few screen writing efforts and the cinematic adaptation of his novels proved stylistically and thematically influential upon the American film noir genre.
Praise for Chandler's work[link]
“Chandler wrote like a slumming angel and invested the sun-blinded streets of Los Angeles with a romantic presence.” –Ross Macdonald[19]
“Raymond Chandler invented a new way of talking about America, and America has never looked the same to us since.” –Paul Auster[19]
“The prose rises to heights of unselfconscious eloquence, and we realize with a jolt of excitement that we are in the presence of not a mere action-tale teller, but a stylist, a writer with a vision … The reader is captivated by Chandler’s seductive prose.” –Joyce Carol Oates, New York Review of Books.[19]
“Chandler is one of my favorite writers. His books bear rereading every few years. The novels are a perfect snapshot of an American past, and yet the ruined romanticism of the voice is as fresh as if they were written yesterday.” –Jonathan Lethem[19]
“Chandler seems to have invented our post-war dream lives–the tough but tender hero, the dangerous blonde, the rain-washed sidewalks, and the roar of the traffic (and the ocean) in the distance … Chandler is the classic lonely romantic outsider for our times, and American literature, as well as English, would be the poorer for his absence.” –Pico Iyer[19]
Works[link]
Main article: Raymond Chandler bibliography
References[link]
Notes[link]
- ^ "Colin Bateman". Culturenorthernireland.org. 2011-05-18. http://www.culturenorthernireland.org/article/3538/colin-bateman. Retrieved 2012-01-06.
- ^ Chandler, Raymond (1950). Trouble is My Business, Vintage Books a division of Random House, Inc., 1988 pp. "About the Author"
- ^ Pronzini, Bill and Adrian, Jack (editors)(1995). Hard-Boiled, An Anthology of American Crime Stories, Oxford University Press, Inc., 1995, p.169.
- ^ 1900 US Census, Plattsmouth, Nebraska
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Iyer, Pico (December 6, 2007). "The Knight of Sunset Boulevard". The New York Review of Books: pp. 31–33.
- ^ http://waterfordireland.tripod.com/raymond_chandler.htm
- ^ a b [1]
- ^ Raymond Chandler: Raymond Chandler Speaking (Dorothy Gardiner and Kathrine Sorley Wakker, ed.) p. 24 (Houghton Mifflin Company (1962) ISBN 978-0-520-20835-3.
- ^ Florence arrives 12/1912 - Passenger Manifest SS Merion
- ^ Raymond Chandler's Shamus Town Timeline and Residences pages using official government sources (death certificate, census, military & civil - city & phone directories)
- ^ Chandler, Raymond, forward by Powell, Lawrence Clark (1969). The Raymond Chandler Omnibus, Borzoi Book a division of Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1969 p. vii
- ^ http://www.nysun.com/arts/man-who-gave-us-marlowe/65983/
- ^ Hiney, Tom (1997). Raymond Chandler: A Biography, pp. 275-76. Grove Press.
- ^ Bell, Diane (2010-09-08). "Ashes of Chandler's wife to join him for eternity". SignOnSanDiego.com. Retrieved 2011-11-26.
- ^ Bell, Diane (2011-02-14). "Raymond Chandler and his wife, Cissy, are finally reunited". SignOnSanDiego.com. Retrieved 2011-11-26.
- ^ Chandler, Raymond (1950). Trouble is My Business, Vintage Books a division of Random House, Inc., 1988 pp. viii-ix
- ^ Chandler/Fleming discussion, BBC Home Service, 10th July 1958
- ^ An Interview With Patrick Anderson
- ^ a b c d e "Collected Stories by Raymond Chandler - Praise". randomhouse.com. http://www.randomhouse.com/book/26020/collected-stories-by-raymond-chandler. Retrieved 2011-05-14.
Further reading[link]
- Bruccoli, Matthew J. (ed.; 1973). Chandler Before Marlowe: Raymond Chandler's Early Prose and Poetry, 1908-1912. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press.
- Chandler, Raymond (1976). The Blue Dahlia (screenplay). Carbondale and Edwardsville, IL: Southern Illinois University Press.
- Chandler, Raymond (1985). Raymond Chandler's Unknown Thriller (unfilmed screenplay for Playback). N.Y.: The Mysterious Press.
- Corman, Catherine (2009). Daylight Noir: Raymond Chandler's Imagined City Milan: Charta.
- Dorothy Gardiner and Katherine Sorley Walker (eds.; 1962), Raymond Chandler Speaking. Boston: Houghton Miflin.
- Freeman, Judith (2007). The Long Embrace: Raymond Chandler and the Woman He Loved. N.Y.:Pantheon. ISBN 978-0-375-42351-2 (0-375-42351-6)
- Gross, Mirian (1977). The World of Raymond Chandler. N.Y.: A & W Publishers.
- Hiney, Tom (1999). Raymond Chandler. N.Y.: Grove Press. ISBN 0-8021-3637-0
- Hiney, Tom and MacShane, Frank (eds.; 2000). The Raymond Chandler Papers: Selected Letters and Nonfiction, 1909-1959. N.Y.: Atlantic Monthly Press.
- Howe, Alexander N. "The Detective and the Analyst: Truth, Knowledge, and Psychoanalysis in the Hard-Boiled Fiction of Raymond Chandler." CLUES: A Journal of Detection 24.4 (Summer 2006): 15-29.
- Howe, Alexander N. (2008). "It Didn't Mean Anything: A Psychoanalytic Reading of American Detective Fiction". North Carolina: McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-3454-6
- MacShane, Frank (1976). The Life of Raymond Chandler. N.Y.: E.P. Dutton.
- MacShane, Frank (1976). The Notebooks of Raymond Chandler & English Summer: A Gothic Romance. N.Y.: The Ecco Press.
- MacShane, Frank (ed.) (1981). Selected Letters of Raymond Chandler. N.Y.: Columbia University Press.
- Moss, Robert (2002.) "Raymond Chandler A Literary Reference" New York Carrol & Graf
- Swirski, Peter (2005). "Chapter 5 Raymond Chandler's Aesthetics of Irony" From Lowbrow to Nobrow. Montreal, London: McGill-Queen's University. ISBN 978-0-7735-3019-5
- Ward, Elizabeth and Alain Silver (1987). Raymond Chandler's Los Angeles. Woodstock, N.Y.: Overlook Press. ISBN 0-87951-351-9
External links[link]
|
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Raymond Chandler |
- Shamus Town: Raymond Chandler's Los Angeles
- Raymond Chandler at the Internet Movie Database
- Jonathan Lethem on Raymond Chandler at The Paris Review
- "Down the Mean Streets with Philip Marlowe" BBC streaming audio programme on Chandler
- Photographs of Raymond Chandler's Los Angeles by Catherine Corman at The New Yorker
- "Chandler's double identity: Adrian Wootton on a writer's secret cameo"; The Guardian, June 5, 2009
- Raymond Chandler at Thrilling Detective
- Bibliography of UK 1st Editions
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Chandler, Raymond |
| Alternative names | Chandler, Raymond Thornton (full name) |
| Short description | Novelist, screenwriter |
| Date of birth | July 23, 1888 |
| Place of birth | Chicago, Illinois, United States |
| Date of death | March 26, 1959 |
| Place of death | San Diego, California, United States |
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Chandler
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Ralph Steiner | |
|---|---|
| File:Steiner & lorentz.jpg Ralph Steiner (left) and Pare Lorentz |
|
| Born | Ralph Steiner February 8, 1899 Cleveland, Ohio, United States |
| Died | July 13, 1986(1986-07-13) (aged 87) |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation | Photographer |
Ralph Steiner (February 8, 1899 – July 13, 1986) was an American photographer, pioneer documentarian and a key figure among avant-garde filmmakers in the 1930s.
Contents |
Biography[link]
Born in Cleveland, Steiner studied chemistry at Dartmouth, but in 1921 entered the Clarence H. White School of Modern Photography. White helped Steiner in finding a job at the Manhattan Photogravure Company, and Steiner worked on making photogravure plates of scenes from Robert Flaherty's Nanook of the North. Not long after, Steiner's work as a freelance photographer in New York began, working mostly in advertising and for publications like Ladies' Home Journal. Through the encouragement of fellow photographer Paul Strand, Steiner joined the left-of-center Film and Photo League around 1927. He was also to influence the photography of Walker Evans, giving him guidance, technical assistance, and one of his view cameras[1].
In 1929, Steiner made his first film, H2O, a poetic evocation of water that captured the abstract patterns generated by waves. Although it was not the only film of its kind at the time -- Joris Ivens made Regen (Rain) that same year, and Henwar Rodekiewicz worked on his similar film Portrait of a Young Man (1931) through this whole period —- it made a significant impression in its day and since has become recognized as a classic: H2O was added to the National Film Registry in December 2005. Among Steiner's other early films, Surf and Seaweed (1931) expands on the concept of H2O as Steiner turns his camera to the shoreline; Mechanical Principles (1933) was an abstraction based on gears and machinery.
In 1930, Steiner joined the faculty of the so-called Harry Alan Potamkin Film School, which folded shortly before Potamkin's death in 1933; there he met Leo Hurwitz and, inspired by Hurwitz' ideas of utilizing film as a means of social action, left the Film and Photo League and joined Nykino, a loose coalition of New York based cinematographers who pooled footage for use in left-wing newsreels shown at worker's rallies, conventions and during strikes; precious few of these films have survived. During this time Steiner also worked on some topical, fictional "pool" film satires, including Pie in the Sky (1935), the earliest film to involve the talents of Elia Kazan.
Steiner spent summers at the Pine Brook Country Club located in the countryside of Nichols, Connecticut, which became the summer rehearsal headquarters of the Group Theatre (New York) working with Felicia Sorel and Gluck Sandor among others.[2][3][4]
Steiner worked, alongside Strand, Hurwitz and Paul Ivano as a cinematographer on Pare Lorentz' The Plow That Broke the Plains (1936) and likewise joined Lorentz on The River (1938) but did not receive credit. Although Steiner remained with Nykino throughout their transition into Frontier Films, he left in 1938, taking the footage of The City (1939) with him. The City, which Steiner co-directed with Willard Van Dyke and featuring original music by Aaron Copland, opened at the New York World's Fair in 1939 and ran for two years.
Despite his own stated disdain of Hollywood and the shared sentiments of his colleagues, in the 1940s Steiner went to Hollywood to work as a writer-producer, but returned to New York after only four years spent there. Then he plunged back into the world of freelance and fashion photography, working for Vogue, Look Magazine and others before retiring in 1962. Steiner then settled in Vermont, where he spent summers on a Maine Island.
Late Films[link]
After a lengthy break from filmmaking, Steiner resumed the activity on a private basis, creating eight films between 1960 and 1975 grouped under an umbrella title, "The Joy of Seeing." According to Scott MacDonald, these films are marred by inappropriate soundtracks and compromised by Steiner's own desire to avoid artistic pretension at all costs, yet "contain much of Steiner's most beautiful and memorable imagery."[5] Nathaniel Dorsky, who helped edit Steiner's later films, stated that Steiner "didn't want to make anything fancy but was an old man who appreciated life itself and wanted his film to simply show the special magic there was in our visual world in the most ordinary circumstances.[6]"
Legacy[link]
Steiner's still photographs are notable for their odd angles, abstraction and sometimes bizarre subject matter; the 1944 image Gypsy & Her Girls is sometimes mistaken for Weegee. His experimental films, however, are considered central to the literature of early American avant-garde cinema, and the influence of Ralph Steiner's visual style continues to assert itself; for example, contemporary avant-garde filmmaker Timoleon Wilkins cites Steiner as an inspiration. In his appreciation of Steiner, author Scott McDonald expands that list to include Dorsky, Andrew Noren, Larry Gottheim and Peter Hutton.[7] The links between the first generation of American avant-garde filmmakers such as Steiner with the second -- exemplified by Maya Deren, Stan Brakhage and others -- are few, but Steiner is among those who managed to bridge the gap.
Filmography[link]
- H2O (1929; cinematographer/director)
- Mechanical Principles (1930; cinematographer/director)
- Surf and Seaweed (1931; cinematographer/director)
- Panther Woman of the Needle Trades, or The Lovely Life of Little Lisa (1931; cinematographer/director)
- Pie in the Sky (1935; cinematographer/co-director)
- Cafe Universal (1936; cinematographer/director)
- Granite (1936; cinematographer/director)
- Harbor Scenes (1936; cinematographer/director)
- Hands (1936; cinematographer/co-director)
- The World Today: Black Legion (1936; cinematographer/co-director)
- The World Today: Sunnyside (1936; cinematographer/co-director)
- The Plow That Broke the Plains (1936; cinematographer)
- People of the Cumberland (1938; cinematographer)
- The River (1938; cinematographer)
- The City (1939; cinematographer/co-director)
- New Hampshire Heritage (1940; cinematographer/director)
- Youth Gets a Break (1941; cinematographer)
- Troop Train (1942; cinematographer/director)
- The Joy of Seeing (1960-1975; cinematographer/director), includes:
- Seaweed, a Seduction (1960)
- One Man's Island (1969)
- Glory, Glory (1971)
- A Look at Laundry (1971)
- Beyond Niagara (1973)
- Look Park (1974)
- Hooray for Light! (1975)
- Showdown (1975)
Notes[link]
- ^ Rathbone, Belinda. Walker Evans: A Biography. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1995
- ^ Real Life Drama: The Group Theatre and America, 1931-1940, Smith, p. 212
- ^ Pinewood Lake website retrieved on 2010-09-10 [1]
- ^ Images of America, Trumbull Historical Society, 1997, p. 123
- ^ Scott McDonald -- "Ralph Steiner" in Jan-Christoper Horak, ed., Lovers of Cinema: the first American film avant-garde, 1919-1945. University of Wisconsin Press, 1998
- ^ Letter from Nathaniel Dorsky to Scott MacDonald, 7 September 1990, quoted in "Ralph Steiner" in Jan-Christoper Horak, ed., Lovers of Cinema: the first American film avant-garde, 1919-1945. University of Wisconsin Press, 1998
- ^ Scott McDonald -- "Ralph Steiner" in Jan-Christoper Horak, ed., Lovers of Cinema: the first American film avant-garde, 1919-1945. University of Wisconsin Press, 1998
- Joel Stewart Zukor -- Ralph Steiner: Filmmaker and Still Photographer. Unpublished Doctoral dissertation, New York University, New York University, 1976.
- Scott McDonald -- "Ralph Steiner" in Jan-Christoper Horak, ed., Lovers of Cinema: the first American film avant-garde, 1919-1945. University of Wisconsin Press, 1998. ISBN 978-0-299-14684-9
See also[link]
External links[link]
- Bio from "New Frontiers in American Documentary Film" by Nicole Huffman, University of Virginia
- Ralph Steiner at the Internet Movie Database
- Getty Museum Bio, with reproduction of "Gypsy & Her Girls"
- MOMA Collection Page for Ralph Steiner
- Canyon Cinema Page for Timoleon Wilkins
- Video of "Mechanical Principles" on YouTube
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Steiner, Ralph |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | February 8, 1899 |
| Place of birth | Cleveland, Ohio, United States |
| Date of death | July 13, 1986 |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Ralph_Steiner
Related pages:
http://fr.wn.com/Ralph Steiner
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
