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Simpson Tower, headquarters

The Bay is a chain of 91 department stores that operate across parts of Canada. It is the main brand of Hudson's Bay Company ("HBC"), North America's oldest company.^[1] It has its headquarters in the Simpson Tower in Toronto.^[2] In French, the chain is known as la Baie, short for "Compagnie de la Baie d'Hudson". The chain uses both the English and French versions of the name in some parts of the country.

The stores are full-line department stores, with a focus on fashion apparel, accessories, and home goods. Most price points are mid- to upper-mid, with some high price points in the flagship store on Queen Street in Toronto; however, there is an assortment of everyday low-price merchandise. The Bay can be compared to U.S. retailers Macy's and Nordstrom. The average store is 135,000 square feet (12,500 m²).

Flagship downtown stores exist in Canada's largest cities, including Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Ottawa, Calgary, and Winnipeg. These larger stores span many stories high and carry a much broader range and selection of goods than The Bay stores in shopping malls. The largest of the flagship stores is the Toronto store on Queen Street, at about 1,000,000 square feet (93,000 m²).^[3] Toronto has another smaller flagship store on Bloor Street East.

History[link]

The origin of the Hudson's Bay Company's department store format can be traced to 1881, when the company opened its first department store in Winnipeg, Manitoba, under its proper name Hudson's Bay Company. From 1881 up until 1960, all "Hudson's Bay Company" stores were located in Western Canada.

In 1960, the HBC acquired Morgan's, a Montreal department chain with stores in Ontario and the island of Montreal. That same year, all the Morgan's stores in Ontario were converted to the "Hudson's Bay Company" brand; the ones in Quebec kept the name Morgan's.

In 1964, all "Hudson's Bay Company" stores were rebranded as the Bay. The Quebec stores continued under the Morgan name until 1972, when the HBC converted them to la Baie.

The Bay further expanded its presence between 1989 and 1991 in Eastern Canada by absorbing the Simpsons department store chain, and 1993 in Western Canada by taking over many former Woodward's outlets.^[4] The Toronto Queen Street flagship store was previously a Simpsons department store.

In 1991, Hudson's Bay Company stopped selling fur.^[5] In 1997 the company reopened their fur salons, including a wider assortment of high-end designer furs. Many exclusive fur designers, including Louis Féraud, Givenchy, Black Diamond Mink, and Grosvenor, are included in the highly successful Hudson's Bay Company Fur Salons.

Pharmamart is a shop-in-store concept that includes basic grocery and household items and, among other amenities, a pharmacy. It is located in several larger downtown locations.^[6] The Winnipeg Pharmamart is larger than that in other downtown stores and carries a wide selection of fresh produce and meat, dry goods, dairy products, housewares, and specialty foods such as gluten-free and diabetic items.

In Downtown Toronto, the Queen Street store, formerly Simpsons, includes the department 'The Room' on the third floor. It is 21,500-square-foot (2,000 m²) upscale women's salon carrying some of the most prestigious and expensive women's designer labels in Canada. Designers include Emmanuel Ungaro, Halston, Balmain, Gianfranco Ferre, Moschino, Armani Collezioni, Akris Punto, Lida Baday, Andrew Gn, Bellville Sassoon, David Hayes, and others.^[7]

Men's designer department West End Shop includes prestigious menswear designers such as Hugo Boss, Armani, Strellson, and will include an expanded designer assortment in early 2011. West End Shops are currently located in Toronto (Queen Street and Bloor Street stores), Downtown Montreal, Ottawa Rideau Centre, Downtown Calgary, Edmonton Southgate Shopping Centre, and Downtown Vancouver.^[8]

On 16 July 2008, it was announced that Hudson's Bay Company (the parent company of the Bay) had been purchased by the US firm NRDC Equity Partners, which owns Lord & Taylor. The new combined multinational corporation is called Hudson's Bay Trading Company.

In August 2008 it was announced that Bonnie Brooks was hired as president and chief executive officer of the Hudson's Bay Company. A significant transformation of the chain has followed.^[9]

Flagship store remodelling[link]

Queen Street store in Toronto.

Flagship stores are in the process of receiving significant interior upgrades and expanded designer merchandise, including an expansion of The Room and West End Shop designer concepts.^[10] The Bay will significantly renovate and upscale its downtown flagship locations, beginning with its Toronto Queen Street store.

Hudson's Bay Company Signature Shop[link]

The Bay now offers products from the Hudson's Bay Company Collection a dedicated store, including items such as the iconic Point Blanket, coats, bed sheets, bags, t-shirts, lotions, scents, and candles. HBC has also partnered with Canadian companies like Virginia Johnson, Pink Tartan, and Klaxon Howl to create exclusive, limited edition merchandise. Customized canoes and oars are also available. HBC has also teamed up with international companies for limited edition products, such as Steiff (heritage teddy bear, limited run of 2 500), and Best Made Axe Co.^[11]

While the Hudson's Bay Company shops appear mainly in flagship stores and its Banff, Alberta location, products from the Hudson's Bay Company Collection (not including limited edition items) are also available at other locations, most notably the Point Blanket.

The four-point stripes have also been trademarked worldwide, and are planned to be sold through international retailers which including Lord & Taylor in the US, and Colette in France, in an attempt to market HBC as a brand.^[12]

The Room[link]

The Room first opened in 1937 originally called the St. Regis Room in the Simpsons store at Yonge & Queen. In 2009 The Room was completely renovated and expanded to 21,500 square feet (2,000 m²) and was re-designed by design firm Yabu Pushelburg. New upscale designers, many exclusive in Canada, include Alaia, Jason Wu, Proenza Schouler, Sonia Rykiel, Barbara Bui, Erdem, Roland Mouret, and others. Then in the fall of 2011 'The Room' concept opened in Downtown Vancouver at the Granville store.^[13]

'The Room' women's department in Vancouver is located in the North-East section of the second floor of the Downtown Vancouver Bay store, and is approximately 23,000 square feet (2,100 m²). It includes many of the designers currently available in the Toronto Queen Street Flagship, and some not available in the Flagship, including DSquared2 and Jeremy Liang.^[14]

'The Room' concept will also open in the Downtown Montreal Bay store next year.^[15]

West End Shop[link]

After the revival of The Room, there is also a plan to revitalize the high-end menswear section of the Bay. The Toronto Queen Street location's West End Shop recently underwent a renovation, containing labels such as Hugo Boss, Armani, Ben Sherman, and Strellson.^[16][17]

Polo Ralph Lauren boutiques[link]

Boutiques for Polo Ralph Lauren were also added to select locations, including Queen Street, Yorkdale, Bayshore Ottawa, Carrefour Laval, Galeries d'Anjou, Vancouver Downtown, Victoria Downtown, Laurier Québec, and Montreal Downtown. Each boutique contains customized decor, and dedicated company specialists.^[18]

During the Vancouver 2010 Olympics, the Bay was also the sole retailer for Polo Ralph Lauren US Olympic Team apparel in Canada.

Olympic apparel[link]

Since its contract with the Canadian Olympic Committee as the official merchandiser for the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympics, HBC has continued selling Olympic apparel in a dedicated section of the Bay stores. They are also sold through Zellers.^[19]

HBC has also updated its famous red mittens with a new design, featuring an appearance on the Oprah Winfrey show, where they were given to the audience.^[20]

Further expansion[link]

The Toronto Queen Street and Montreal Downtown store has opened ground floor boutiques for Coach Leathergoods, Burberry, and See by Chloé. Vancouver and Montreal ground-floor designer boutiques will follow.^[21]

The Bay's partnership with Browns Shoes is no longer intact, meaning all Browns location within the Bay are now closed. This has happened in order to allow the department store to offer a larger selection of shoes, and to partner with the Montreal based Aldo Group. The Bay is also offering higher-end brands, keeping inline with offerings from The Room and the West End Shop. The Bay's partnership with the Aldo Group will begin in spring 2011 when the revived Pegabo brand of footwear is going to be carried in The Bay as well as in Aldo's own FeetFirst and Locale locations.^[22]

The website also now includes online shopping for home fashions and beauty products, as well as gift registry.

See also[link]

	Toronto portal
	Companies portal

• List of Canadian department stores
• List of Hudson's Bay Company brands
• HBC Rewards
• Simpson's

References[link]

1. ^ http://www.canadianaconnection.com/cca/hudsonbayco.htm
2. ^ "Contacts." Hudson's Bay Company. Retrieved on 7 July 2010.
3. ^ http://www.mytorontomeeting.com/Visitor/Experience/Shopping/General/Listing.aspx?ID=12173&m=Bay%2C+Queen+Street%2C+The
4. ^ http://www.hbc.com/hbcheritage/history/acquisitions/retail/simpsons.asp
5. ^ Hudson's Bay Company end its fur trade
6. ^ http://search.aquent.com/myaquent?PROC=AWUIDrawViewPortfolioFrameset&portfolioID=467443&personCode=1_975767&infoWidth=150
7. ^ Flavelle, Dana (7 June 2009). "Bonnie Brooks: Homecoming queen". The Star (Toronto). http://www.thestar.com/news/insight/article/646819. Retrieved 27 March 2010. 
8. ^ http://www.thebay.com/en/event_suits.html
9. ^ Flavelle, Dana (5 August 2008). "Bonnie Brooks taking over Bay chain". The Star (Toronto). http://www.thestar.com/article/472415. Retrieved 27 March 2010. 
10. ^ Flavelle, Dana (7 June 2009). "Bonnie Brooks: Homecoming queen". The Star (Toronto). http://www.thestar.com/news/insight/article/646819. Retrieved 27 March 2010. 
11. ^ http://www.nowtoronto.com/lifestyle/stores-story.cfm?content=173495
12. ^ http://www.torontolife.com/daily/style/from-the-print-edition/2010/11/01/the-bay-vs-holts-the-bay%E2%80%99s-scheme-to-steal-the-fashion-crown-from-holts/
13. ^ http://www2.thebay.com/theroom/history/
14. ^ http://www.fashionmagazine.com/blogs/fashion/2011/06/02/the-room-ii-the-bay-announces-the-opening-of-its-luxury-store-in-vancouver
15. ^ http://www2.thebay.com/theroom/history/
16. ^ http://www.blogto.com/fashion_style/2010/10/can_steve_yzerman_make_the_bay_relevant_again/
17. ^ http://styleblog.ca/2010/10/06/the-bay-west-end-shop-fall-2010-menswear-preview/
18. ^ [from http://www.thestar.com/news/insight/article/646819]
19. ^ http://www.torontolife.com/daily/style/shop-talk/2010/03/02/the-hudson%E2%80%99s-bay-company-fights-to-keep-olympic-energy/
20. ^ http://www.vancouversun.com/Oprah+gives+Canadian+Olympic+mittens+Chicago+studio+audience/2588995/story.html
21. ^ [from http://www.thestar.com/news/insight/article/646819]
22. ^ Strauss, Marina (3 September 2010). "Aldo's global footprint". The Globe and Mail (Toronto). http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/your-business/grow/expanding-the-business/aldos-global-footprint/article1695862/page4/. 

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: The Bay

• The Bay

The Edge
Background information
Birth name	David Howell Evans
Born	(1961-08-08) 8 August 1961 (age 50) Barking, Essex, England, United Kingdom
Origin	County Dublin, Ireland
Genres	Rock, post-punk, alternative rock
Occupations	Musician, songwriter, activist
Instruments	Guitar, vocals, keyboards, piano, bass guitar
Years active	1976–present
Labels	Island, Mercury
Associated acts	U2, Passengers
Website	www.u2.com
Notable instruments
Gibson Explorer Fender Stratocaster Gibson Les Paul Fender Telecaster Gretsch Country Gentleman Gretsch White Falcon Rickenbacker 330/12

David Howell Evans (born 8 August 1961), more widely known by his stage name The Edge (or just Edge),^[1] is a musician best known as the guitarist, backing vocalist, and keyboardist of the Irish rock band U2. A member of the group since its inception, he has recorded 12 studio albums with the band and has released one solo record. As a guitarist, The Edge has crafted a minimalistic and textural style of playing. His use of a rhythmic delay effect yields a distinctive ambient, chiming sound that has become a signature of U2's music.

The Edge was born in England to a Welsh family, but was raised in Ireland after moving there as an infant. In 1976, at Mount Temple Comprehensive School, he formed U2 with his fellow students and his older brother Dik. Inspired by the ethos of punk rock and its basic arrangements, the group began to write its own material. They eventually became one of the most popular acts in popular music, with successful albums such as 1987's The Joshua Tree and 1991's Achtung Baby. Over the years, The Edge has experimented with various guitar effects and introduced influences from several genres of music into his own style, including American roots music, industrial music, and alternative rock. With U2, The Edge has also played keyboards, co-produced their 1993 record Zooropa, and occasionally contributed lyrics. The Edge met his second and current wife, Morleigh Steinberg, through her collaborations with the band.

As a member of U2 and as an individual, The Edge has campaigned for human rights and philanthropic causes. He co-founded Music Rising, a charity to support musicians affected by Hurricane Katrina. He has collaborated with U2 bandmate Bono on several projects, including songs for Roy Orbison and Tina Turner, and the soundtracks to the musical Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark and the Royal Shakespeare Company's London stage adaptation of A Clockwork Orange. In 2011, Rolling Stone magazine placed him at number 38 on its list of "The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time".

Personal life[link]

The Edge at a U2 concert in Anaheim (2005)

David Howell Evans was born at the Barking Maternity Hospital,^[2] Essex, England to Welsh parents Garvin and Gwenda Evans.^[1] When he was one, his family moved to County Dublin, Ireland where he attended St Andrew's National School. He received piano and guitar lessons and often performed with his brother Dik Evans before they both answered an advertisement posted by Larry Mullen, Jr. at their school, Mount Temple Comprehensive School, seeking musicians to form a band.^[3] The band accepted both of them. This band went through several incarnations before emerging as U2 in March 1978 (Dik Evans left the band just before the name change).^[3] U2 began performing in various venues in Ireland and eventually began developing a following. Their debut album, Boy, was released in 1980.

In 1981, leading up to the October tour, Evans came very close to leaving U2 for religious reasons, but he decided to stay.^[3] During this period, he became involved with a group called Shalom Tigers, in which bandmates Bono and Larry Mullen Jr. were also involved.^[4] Shortly after deciding to remain with the band, he wrote a piece of music that later became "Sunday Bloody Sunday".^[3] The Edge married his high school girlfriend Aislinn O'Sullivan on 12 July 1983.^[5] The couple had three daughters together: Hollie in 1984, Arran in 1985 and Blue Angel in 1989.^[4] The couple separated in 1990, but were unable to get officially divorced because of Irish laws regarding marriage annulment; divorce was legalised in 1995 and the couple were legally divorced in 1996.^[4]

In 1993, The Edge began dating Morleigh Steinberg, a professional dancer and choreographer employed by the band as a belly dancer during the Zoo TV Tour. They had a daughter, Sian (born 1997), and a son, Levi (born 25 October 1999),^[4] before marrying on 22 June 2002.^[4] He appeared in the 2009 music documentary film It Might Get Loud.^[6] The Edge has been criticized for his efforts to build five luxury mansions on a 156 acre plot of land in Malibu, California.^[7] The California Coastal Commission voted 8-4 against the plans, with the project described by the commission's executive director, Peter Douglas, as "In 38 years...one of the three worst projects that I've seen in terms of environmental devastation...It's a contradiction in terms – you can't be serious about being an environmentalist and pick this location."^[7] The Santa Monica Mountains Conservancy agreed to remain neutral on the issue following a $1 million donation from The Edge and a commitment from The Edge to designate 100 acres of the land as open space for public footpaths.^[7]

Music style[link]

Guitar playing[link]

As a guitar player, The Edge has a sound typified by a low-key playing style, a chiming, shimmering sound (thanks in part to the sound of VOX AC-30s) that he achieves with extensive use of delay effects and reverb. The feedback delay is often set to a dotted eighth note (3/16 of a measure), and the feedback gain is adjusted until a note played repeats two or three times.^{[citation needed]}

On 1987's The Joshua Tree, The Edge often contributes just a few simple lead lines given depth and richness by an ever-present delay. For example, the introduction to "Where the Streets Have No Name" is simply a repeated six-note arpeggio, broadened by a modulated delay effect. The Edge has said that he views musical notes as "expensive", in that he prefers to play as few notes as possible. He said in 1982 of his style,

"I like a nice ringing sound on guitar, and most of my chords I find two strings and make them ring the same note, so it's almost like a 12-string sound. So for E I might play a B, E, E and B and make it ring. It works very well with the Gibson Explorer. It's funny because the bass end of the Explorer was so awful that I used to stay away from the low strings, and a lot of the chords I played were very trebly, on the first four, or even three strings. I discovered that through using this one area of the fretboard I was developing a very stylized way of doing something that someone else would play in a normal way."^[9]

Many different influences have shaped The Edge's guitar technique.^{[citation needed]} His first guitar was an old acoustic guitar that his mother bought him at a local flea market for only a few pounds; he was nine at the time. He and his brother Dik Evans both experimented with this instrument.^[9] He said in 1982 of this early experimentation, "I suppose the first link in the chain was a visit to the local jumble sale where I purchased a guitar for a pound. That was my first instrument. It was an acoustic guitar and me and my elder brother Dik both played it, plonking away, all very rudimentary stuff, open chords and all that."^[9] The Edge has stated that many of his guitar parts are based around guitar effects. This is especially true from the Achtung Baby era onwards, although much of the band's 1980s material made heavy use of echos.

Vocals[link]

The Edge in June 2005

The Edge also supplies the backing vocals for U2. U2's 1983 live album and video release, Under a Blood Red Sky and Live at Red Rocks: Under a Blood Red Sky are good reference points for his singing (as are the live DVDs from the Elevation Tour, U2 Go Home: Live from Slane Castle and Elevation 2001: Live from Boston). For example, he sings the chorus to "Sunday Bloody Sunday" (Bono harmonizes on the final 'Sunday'). U2 used this tradeoff technique later in "Bullet the Blue Sky" as well. His backing vocals are sometimes in the form of a repeated cry; examples of songs that use this approach include "Beautiful Day", "New Year's Day" and "Stay (Faraway, So Close!)". Another technique he uses in his backing vocals is the falsetto, in songs such as "Stuck in a Moment You Can't Get Out Of", "Sometimes You Can't Make It on Your Own", "A Man and a Woman", "The Wanderer", live versions of "The Fly", and "Window in the Skies".

The Edge sings the lead vocal on "Van Diemen's Land" and "Numb", the first half of the song "Seconds", dual vocals with Bono in "Discotheque", and the bridge in the song "Miracle Drug".^[4] He also sings the occasional lead vocal in live renditions of other songs (such as "Sunday Bloody Sunday" during the PopMart Tour and "Party Girl" during the Rotterdam Zoo TV show when it was Bono's birthday).^[10] He also plays a solo acoustic version of the song "Love is Blindness" that is featured in the documentary film From the Sky Down.

Other instruments[link]

He has played piano and keyboards on many of the band's songs, including "I Fall Down", "October", "So Cruel", "New Year's Day", "Running to Stand Still", "Miss Sarajevo", "The Hands that Built America", and "Original of the Species" and others. He plays the organ on "Please". In live versions of "New Year's Day", "The Unforgettable Fire", "Your Blue Room", and "Moment of Surrender", he plays both the piano and guitar parts alternately. In most live versions of "Original of the Species," piano is the only instrument played during the song. Although The Edge is the band's lead guitarist, he occasionally plays bass guitar, including the live performances of the song "40" where The Edge and bassist Adam Clayton switch instruments.

Solo recordings[link]

In addition to his regular role within U2, The Edge has also recorded with such artists as Johnny Cash, B. B. King, Tina Turner, Ronnie Wood, Jay-Z, and Rihanna. The Edge connected with Brian Eno and Lanois collaborator Michael Brook (the creator of the infinite guitar, which he regularly uses), working with him on the score to the film Captive (1986). From this soundtrack the song "Heroine", the vocal of which was sung by a young Sinéad O'Connor was released as a single.

He also created the theme song for season one and two of The Batman. He and fellow U2 member, Bono, wrote the lyrics to the theme of the 1995 James Bond film GoldenEye. The Edge, along with bandmate Bono, recently composed a musical adaptation of Spider-Man. On May 25, 2011, a single titled Rise Above 1: Reeve Carney Featuring Bono and The Edge was released digitally.^[11] The music video was released on July 28, 2011.^[12]

Musical equipment[link]

Edge's 1964 Vox AC30 on stage in Foxborough for the U2 360° Tour.

The Edge plays electric guitar, acoustic guitar, keyboards, piano, bass guitar (on "40" and "Race Against Time") and lap steel guitar. Compared to many lead guitarists, The Edge is known for using many more guitars during a show. According to his guitar tech Dallas Schoo, a typical lead guitarist uses four or five different guitars in one night, whereas The Edge takes 45 on the road, and uses 17 to 19 in one 2.5-hour concert. He is estimated to have more than 200 guitars in the studio.^{[citation needed]}

Philanthropy[link]

In 2005, The Edge along with Bob Ezrin and Henry Juszkiewicz co-founded Music Rising, a charity that helped provide replacement instruments for those that were lost in Hurricane Katrina. The instruments were originally only replaced for professional musicians but they soon realized the community churches and schools needed instruments as well. The charity's slogan is "Rebuilding the Gulf Region note by note" and has so far helped over a hundred musicians who were affected by Hurricane Katrina. The Edge also serves on the board of the Angiogenesis Foundation, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization dedicated to improving global health by advancing angiogenesis-based medicine, diets, and lifestyle.^[13]

See also[link]

• Timeline of U2
• List of people on stamps of Ireland

References[link]

Footnotes

Bibliography

External links[link]

This article's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. Please improve this article by removing excessive or inappropriate external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into footnote references. (October 2011)

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: The Edge

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: The Edge

• U2.com, official U2 site
• Music Rising
• The Edge at the Internet Movie Database
• The Edge – Album Credits
• A Study of The Edge's Guitar Delay
• The Edge: 'It's all about the vision'
• Food Bank For New York City public service announcement
• Comment on the mathematical analysis of The Edge's guitar sound