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Albania
Albania ( , , Gheg Albanian: Shqipnia/Shqypnia), officially known as the Republic of Albania (, pronounced ), is a country in South Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, the Republic of Macedonia to the east and Greece to the south and southeast. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the west, and on the Ionian Sea to the southwest. It is less than from Italy, across the Strait of Otranto which links the Adriatic Sea to the Ionian Sea.
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Ansonia, Connecticut
Ansonia is a city in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States, on the Naugatuck River, immediately north of Derby and about northwest of New Haven. The population was 18,554 at the 2000 census. The ZIP code for Ansonia is 06401. The city has a Metro North train station, and the Route 8 state highway serves the city.
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Ardsley, New York
Ardsley is a village in Westchester County, New York, United States. The population was 4,269 at the 2000 census.
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Area code 914
Area code 914 is a state of New York telephone area code. It follows exactly the boundaries of Westchester County, including the Hudson River. It was one of the original area codes established in October 1947.
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Armonk, New York
Armonk is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) located in the town of North Castle in Westchester County, New York. As of the 2000 census, the CDP population was 3,461.
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Auburn, New York
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Banksville, New York
Banksville is a hamlet in the town of North Castle, New York. Banksville is known as the "Eastern District of North Castle". It is located in the eastern part of the town, close to Connecticut. Banksville Avenue lies on the border between New York and Connecticut, consequently some organizations and businesses considered to be in the hamlet of Banksville, are given Greenwich, Connecticut postal addresses. Banksville Community House and Banksville Nursery School have mailing addresses for Greenwich, Connecticut, while Banksville Independent Fire Co. and Banksville Hardware have mailing addresses for Bedford, New York. Along with Armonk and North White Plains, it is one of the three geographical regions and hamlets of North Castle. Banksville was named after Samuel Banks, a farmer who settled area in 1695. Banks died January 29, 1743 and is buried in Middle Patent Rural Cemetery. Descendants of Samuel Banks inhabit Banksville to this day.
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Bayonne, New Jersey
Bayonne is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. As of the United States 2000 Census, the city had a total population of 61,842. Located in the Gateway Region, Bayonne is a peninsula that is situated between Newark Bay which borders the west, the Kill van Kull to the south, and New York Bay which lies to the east.
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Beacon, New York
Beacon is a city located in Dutchess County, New York, United States. Although the city's estimated living population is around 16,000 people, the 2000 census placed the city total population at 13,808. It is part of the Poughkeepsie–Newburgh–Middletown, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the larger New York–Newark–Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area. Beacon was named to commemorate the historic beacon fires that blazed forth from the summit of the Fishkill Mountains to alert the Continental Army about British troop movements.
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Bethel, Connecticut
Bethel is a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States, about sixty miles from New York City. Its population was estimated at 18,760 in 2005. In the 2000 Census, the town center was defined by the U.S. Census Bureau as a census-designated place (CDP). The core area of the town center has also been designated as a historic district.
http://wn.com/Bethel_Connecticut -
Binghamton, New York
Binghamton is a city located in the Southern Tier of New York in the United States. It is located near the Pennsylvania border, situated in a bowl-shaped valley at the confluence of the Susquehanna and Chenango Rivers. Binghamton is the county seat of Broome County and is the principal city and cultural center of the Greater Binghamton metropolitan area (also known as the Triple Cities), home to a quarter million people. The population of the city itself, according to the 2000 census, is 47,380.
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Brentwood, New York
Brentwood is a hamlet of the Town of Islip in Suffolk County, New York. The population of Brentwood is 53,917 (2000, USA Census).
http://wn.com/Brentwood_New_York -
Broadway theatre
Broadway theatre, commonly called simply Broadway, refers to theatrical performances presented in one of the 40 large professional theatres with 500 seats or more located in the Theatre District, New York and in Lincoln Center, in Manhattan, New York City.Although theater is the preferred spelling in the U.S.A. (see further at American and British English Spelling Differences), the majority of venues, performers, and trade groups for live dramatic presentations use the spelling theatre. Along with London's West End theatre, Broadway theatre is usually considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre in the English-speaking world.
http://wn.com/Broadway_theatre -
Bronx
The Bronx is the northernmost of the five boroughs of New York City. It is also, as Bronx County, the last of the 62 counties of New York State to be incorporated. Located north of Manhattan and Queens, and south of Westchester County, the Bronx is the only borough located primarily on the mainland. In 2010, the Census Bureau estimated that the borough's population on July 1, 2009 was 1,397,287, inhabiting a land area of . This makes the Bronx the fourth-most-populated of the five boroughs, the fourth-largest in land area, and the third-highest in density of population.
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Bronxville
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Bronxville, New York
Bronxville is an affluent village within the town of Eastchester, New York, in the United States. It is located approximately north of midtown Manhattan in southern Westchester County. At the 2000 census, Bronxville had a population of 6,543.
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Bronxville, NY
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Brooklyn
Brooklyn is New York City's most populous borough with approximately 2.5 million residents, and second largest in area.
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Buchanan, New York
Buchanan is a village located in the Town of Cortlandt, in Westchester County, New York. The population was 2,189 as of the 2000 census.
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Buffalo, New York
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Caribbean
The CaribbeanPronounced or . Both pronunciations are equally valid; indeed, they see equal use even within areas of the Caribbean itself. Cf. Royal Caribbean, which stresses the second syllable. In this case, as a proper noun, those who would normally pronounce it a different way may use the pronunciation associated with the noun when referring to it. More generic nouns such as the Caribbean Community are generally referred to using the speaker's preferred pronunciation.; Dutch ; or more commonly Antilles is a region consisting of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (most of which enclose the sea), and the surrounding coasts. The region is located southeast of the Gulf of Mexico and North America, east of Central America, and to the north of South America.
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Centereach, New York
Centereach is a hamlet (and census-designated place) in the Town of Brookhaven, Suffolk County, New York, United States. The population was 27,285 at the 2000 census.
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Central Jersey
Central Jersey is a common designation for a region of the State of New Jersey in the United States of America. The designation of Central Jersey is not universally accepted, with some people arguing that there are only two main portions of the State of New Jersey, "North Jersey" and "South Jersey," which are separated by the Raritan River. Trenton is also considered the boundary between designated "North Jersey" and "South Jersey". The Raritan Valley makes up the northern portion of Central Jersey and includes Union, Somerset, and Hunterdon counties, as well as the northern portion of Middlesex County. South of the Raritan are the shore and inland communities of Monmouth, as well as the southern portion of Middlesex County and all of Mercer County. Northern Ocean County is also considered by many to be part of Central Jersey. All of Central Jersey is in the New York City Metropolitan Statistical Area.
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Chappaqua, New York
Chappaqua is a hamlet and census-designated place in northern Westchester County, New York. As of the 2000 census, the population was 11,009. Chappaqua is located in the Town of New Castle.
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Clifton, New Jersey
Clifton is a city in Passaic County, New Jersey, United States. As of the United States 2000 Census, the city had a total population of 78,672.
http://wn.com/Clifton_New_Jersey -
Commack, New York
Commack (/KO-mack/ or /KOM-mack/) is a census-designated place (CDP) that roughly corresponds to the hamlet (unincorporated community) by the same name in the towns of Huntington and Smithtown in Suffolk County, New York, United States on Long Island. The CDP's population was 36,367 at the 2000 census.
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Connecticut
Connecticut () (state code CT) is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, and New York to the west and south (because various islands of New York span Connecticut's entire coast).
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Coram, New York
Coram is a hamlet (and census-designated place) in Suffolk County, New York, in the United States. As of the 2000 census, the CDP population was 34,923.
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Cortlandt, New York
Cortlandt is a town in Westchester County, New York, United States. The population was 38,467 at the 2000 census.
http://wn.com/Cortlandt_New_York -
Croatia
Croatia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Croatia (Croatian: Republika Hrvatska ), is a country in Central Europe and Southeastern Europe at the crossroads of the Pannonian Plain, the Balkans, and the Adriatic Sea. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. Croatia borders Slovenia to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the southeast, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the southeast.
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Crompond, New York
Crompond is a community and census-designated place (CDP) located in the town of [Cortlandt Manor, New York/Cortlandt Manor] in Westchester County, New York. The population was 2,050 at the 2000 census.
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Crugers, New York
Crugers is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) located in the town of Cortlandt, Westchester County, New York. The population was 1,752 at the 2000 census.
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Czechoslovakia
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Danbury, Connecticut
Danbury is a city in northern Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. It has an estimated population (as of July 1, 2009 ) of 79,743. Danbury is the fourth largest city in Fairfield County and is the seventh largest city in Connecticut.
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Darien, Connecticut
Darien is a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. A relatively small community on Connecticut's "Gold Coast", it is one of the most affluent towns in the United States. The population was 19,607 at the 2000 census.
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Derby, Connecticut
Derby is a city in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 12,391 at the 2000 census. With of land area, Derby is Connecticut's smallest municipality.
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Dover, New Jersey
Dover is a Town in Morris County, New Jersey on the Rockaway River. Dover is 39 miles (63 km) west of New York City and west of Newark, New Jersey. As of the United States Census, 2000, the town's population was 18,188.
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Elmira, New York
Elmira is a city in Chemung County, New York, USA. It is the principal city of the 'Elmira, New York Metropolitan Statistical Area' which encompasses Chemung County, New York. The population was 30,940 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Chemung County.
http://wn.com/Elmira_New_York -
Elmont, New York
Elmont is a hamlet (and census-designated place) as well as a bedroom suburb of New York City, New York, United States in Nassau County, on Long Island. Elmont is an unincorporated area of the Town of Hempstead. The population was 33,657 at the 2000 census.
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Elmsford, New York
Elmsford is a village in Westchester County, New York, United States. Roughly one mile square, the village is fully contained within the borders of the Town of Greenburgh, NY.
http://wn.com/Elmsford_New_York -
Freeport, New York
Freeport (officially The Incorporated Village of Freeport) is a village in the Town of Hempstead, Nassau County, New York, USA, on the South Shore of Long Island. The population was 43,783 at the 2000 census. A settlement since the 1640s, it was once an oystering community and later a resort popular with the New York City theater community. It is now primarily a bedroom suburb but retains a modest commercial waterfront and some light industry. The village is racially and ethnically diverse: the 2000 census shows the population as 42.9% White, 32.6% African American, and 33.5% Hispanic or Latino of any race.
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Garfield, New Jersey
Garfield is a city in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. As of the United States 2000 Census, the city population was 29,786.
http://wn.com/Garfield_New_Jersey -
Greenburgh
http://wn.com/Greenburgh -
Greenburgh, New York
Greenburgh is a town in the western part of Westchester County, New York, United States. The population was 86,764 at the 2000 census. Paul J. Feiner has been the Town Supervisor since 1991.
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Hamden, Connecticut
Hamden is a town in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States. The town's nickname is "The Land of the Sleeping Giant." Hamden is home to Quinnipiac University. The population was 58,180 according to the Census Bureau's 2005 estimates. Hamden is a suburb of the city of New Haven.
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Harlem
Harlem is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Manhattan, which since the 1920s has been a major African-American residential, cultural, and business center. Originally a Dutch village, formally organized in 1658, it is named after the city of Haarlem in the Netherlands. Harlem was annexed to New York City in 1873.
http://wn.com/Harlem -
Harrison, New Jersey
Harrison is a town in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. As of the United States 2000 Census, the town population was 14,424. The town is a suburb of the nearby city of Newark.
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Harrison, New York
Harrison is a coterminus town/village in Westchester County, New York, United States. The population was 24,154 at the 2000 census and estimated at 26,665 today. The municipality has a consolidated town/village government.
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Hartsdale, New York
Hartsdale is a hamlet and a census-designated place (CDP) located in the town of Greenburgh, Westchester County, New York. The population was 9,830 at the 2000 census.
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Hastings-on-Hudson
http://wn.com/Hastings-on-Hudson -
Hawthorne, New York
Hawthorne is an unincorporated hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) located in the town of Mount Pleasant in Westchester County, New York. The population was 5,083 at the 2000 census.
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Hicksville, New York
Hicksville is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) located within the Town of Oyster Bay in Nassau County, New York, United States. The population of the CDP was 41,260 at the 2000 census. The area is served by the Hicksville Post Office and the Hicksville School District.
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Hoboken, New Jersey
Hoboken is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2000 United States Census, the city's population was 38,577. The city is part of the New York metropolitan area and contains Hoboken Terminal, a major transportation hub for the region. Hoboken is also the location of the first recorded baseball game in the United States, and of the Stevens Institute of Technology, one of the oldest technological universities in the United States.
http://wn.com/Hoboken_New_Jersey -
Howell, New Jersey
http://wn.com/Howell_New_Jersey -
Irvington, New York
Irvington, sometimes known as Irvington-on-Hudson, is an affluent suburban village in the Town of Greenburgh in Westchester County, New York, United States. It is located on the eastern bank of the Hudson River, north of midtown Manhattan in New York City and is served by a station stop on the Metro-North Hudson Line. To the north of Irvington is the village of Tarrytown, to the south the village of Dobbs Ferry, and to the east unincorporated parts of Greenburgh, including East Irvington. Irvington includes within its boundaries the community of Ardsley-on-Hudson, which has its own zip code and Metro-North station, but which should not be confused with the nearby village of Ardsley, New York.
http://wn.com/Irvington_New_York -
Ithaca, New York
http://wn.com/Ithaca_New_York -
Jamestown, New York
Jamestown is a city in Chautauqua County, New York in the United States. The population was 31,730 at the 2000 census.
http://wn.com/Jamestown_New_York -
Kamëz
http://wn.com/Kamëz -
Kearny, New Jersey
Kearny (, ) is a town in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. It was named after Civil War general Philip Kearny. As of the United States 2000 Census, the town population was 40,513. The town is a suburb of the nearby city of Newark.
http://wn.com/Kearny_New_Jersey -
Larchmont, New York
Larchmont is a village in Westchester County, New York. The population was 6,485 at the 2000 census. As a village, it is located within the town of Mamaroneck. It is located on the shore of the Long Island Sound, about from Midtown Manhattan. Larchmont is served by the New Haven Line of the Metro-North Railroad.
http://wn.com/Larchmont_New_York -
Levittown, New York
Levittown is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the Town of Hempstead located on Long Island in Nassau County, New York. Levittown is mid way between the villages of Hempstead and Farmingdale. As of the 2000 census, the CDP had a total population of 53,067.
http://wn.com/Levittown_New_York -
Lewisboro, New York
Lewisboro is a town in Westchester County, New York, United States. The population was 12,324 at the 2000 census. The town is named after John Lewis.
http://wn.com/Lewisboro_New_York -
Linden, New Jersey
Linden is a city in southeastern Union County, New Jersey, United States. It is part of the New York Metropolitan Area, being about 13 miles southwest of Manhattan, and bordering Staten Island, a borough of New York City.
http://wn.com/Linden_New_Jersey -
Long Beach, New York
Long Beach is a city in Nassau County, New York. One of Long Island's two cities, it is located on a namesake island, which forms part of the Outer Barrier off Long Island's South Shore. As of the United States 2000 Census, the city population was 35,462. It was incorporated in 1922, and is nicknamed The City By the Sea (as seen in Latin on its official seal).
http://wn.com/Long_Beach_New_York -
Long Island
Long Island is an island located in southeastern New York, United States, just east of Manhattan. Stretching northeast into the Atlantic Ocean, Long Island contains four counties, two of which are boroughs (Queens and Brooklyn) of New York City, and two of which (Nassau and Suffolk) are mainly suburban or rural. In popular usage, the term "Long Island" generally refers only to Nassau and Suffolk counties in order to differentiate them from New York City, though all four counties on the island are part of the New York metropolitan area.
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Madison, Connecticut
Madison is a town in the southeastern corner of New Haven County, Connecticut, and it occupies a central location on the Connecticut Shoreline area. The population was 18,812 at the 2000 census.
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Manhattan
Manhattan is one of the five boroughs of New York City. Located primarily on Manhattan Island at the mouth of the Hudson River, the boundaries of the borough are identical to those of New York County, an original county of the state of New York. It consists of Manhattan Island and several small adjacent islands: Roosevelt Island, Randall's Island, Wards Island, Governors Island, Liberty Island, part of Ellis Island, and U Thant Island; as well as Marble Hill, a small section on the mainland adjacent to the Bronx. The original city of New York began at the southern end of Manhattan, and expanded in 1898 to include surrounding counties. It is the smallest, yet most urbanized of the five boroughs.
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Meriden, Connecticut
Meriden is a city in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States. According to 2005 Census Bureau estimates, the population of the city is 59,653.
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Milford, Connecticut
Milford is a city in southwestern New Haven County, Connecticut, United States, located between Bridgeport and New Haven. The population was 50,594 at the 2000 census. The city contains the incorporated borough of Woodmont and the unincorporated village of Devon. The current mayor of Milford is James L. Richetelli, Jr.
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Millwood, New York
Millwood is a hamlet located in the town of New Castle, New York in Westchester County. It was originally settled as Sarlesville. The area now known as Millwood appears on 19th century maps as Merritt's Corners (now the intersection of Rtes. 100 and 120) and Rockdale Mills (close to what is now the Briarcliff Manor border). As of the 2000 census, the community had a population of 1,210.
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Monroe, Connecticut
Monroe is a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 19,247 at the 2000 census. The current first selectman is Steve Vavrek.
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Montrose, New York
Montrose, New York is a hamlet within the Town of Cortlandt located near Croton-on-Hudson and Verplanck in the northwestern corner of Westchester County. The rural character of the hamlet is defined by the Hudson River, numerous wooded hills and steep slopes, wetland areas and beautiful streams.
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New Castle, New York
New Castle is a town in Westchester County, New York, United States. The population was 17,491 at the 2000 census.
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New City, New York
New City is a hamlet (and census-designated place), in the Town of Clarkstown Rockland County, New York, United States. The area is located north of Bardonia; northeast of Nanuet; east of New Hempstead and New Square; southeast of Mount Ivy; south of Garnerville; southwest of Haverstraw; west, straight across Lake Deforest, of Congers; and northwest, diagonally across Lake Deforest, of Valley Cottage.
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New Jersey
New Jersey (, ) is a state in the Northeastern and Middle Atlantic regions of the United States. It is bordered on the northeast by New York, on the southeast and south by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Pennsylvania and on the southwest by Delaware. New Jersey lies largely within the sprawling metropolitan areas of New York City and Philadelphia. It is the most densely populated state in the United States.
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New York
New York (; locally or ) is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. It is the nation's third most populous state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east. The state has a maritime border with Rhode Island east of Long Island, as well as an international border with the Canadian provinces of Ontario to the north and west, and Quebec to the north. New York is often referred to as New York State to distinguish it from New York City.
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Newark, New Jersey
Newark is the largest city in New Jersey, United States, and the county seat of Essex County. Newark has a population of 310,145, making it the largest municipality in New Jersey and the 65th largest city in the U.S.
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Newtown, Connecticut
:This article is about the town. For the borough, see Newtown (borough), Connecticut.
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North Jersey
North Jersey is a colloquial term, with no precise consensus definition, for the northern portion of the U.S. state of New Jersey. A straightforward, noncolloquial term for the region is northern New Jersey.
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Norwalk, Connecticut
Norwalk is a city in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. According to 2008 Census Bureau estimates, the population of the city is 83,185, making it the sixth largest city in Connecticut, and the third largest in Fairfield County. The city is part of the New York metropolitan area.
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Oceanside, New York
Oceanside is a hamlet (and census-designated place) located in the south part of the Town of Hempstead, Nassau County, New York. The population was 32,733 at the 2000 census.
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Orange, Connecticut
Orange is a town in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 13,233 at the 2000 census. A 2007 Census Bureau estimate puts the population at 13,813. The town is governed by a Board of Selectmen.
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Outasight
Richard Andrew, (Born February 17, 1983) better known by his stage name Outasight, is an American rapper from Yonkers, New York. Though he is considered a Hip-Hop artist, he draws influence from other genres such as classic rock and soul, and describes his music as "Energetic hip hop mixed with melodic soul"
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Passaic, New Jersey
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Paterson, New Jersey
Paterson is a city in Passaic County, New Jersey, United States. As of the United States 2000 Census, the city population was 149,222. Census population projections indicate a population of 146,545 as of 2007, making it New Jersey's third largest city. It is the county seat of Passaic County. Paterson is known as the "Silk City" for its dominant role in silk production during the later 19th century.
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Peach Lake, New York
Peach Lake is a hamlet (and census-designated place) located mostly in the Town of Southeast in Putnam County, New York; a portion of the CDP is in the Town of North Salem in Westchester County, New York. As of the 2000 census, the population was 1,671.
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Peekskill, New York
Peekskill is a city in Westchester County, New York. It is situated on a bay along the east side of the Hudson River, across from Jones Point.
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Pelham, New York
Pelham, New York is the name of two locations in Westchester County, New York:
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Poland
Poland (), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north. The total area of Poland is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. Poland has a population of over 38 million people, which makes it the 34th most populous country in the world and the sixth most populous member of the European Union, being its most populous Slavic member.
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Purchase, New York
Purchase, New York is a hamlet of the town of Harrison, in Westchester County. Its ZIP code is 10577. Its name is thought to be the result of land bought by the British from Native Americans living in the area. The land was put on a map as "Purchase". The name was never changed.
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Queens
Queens is the largest in area, the second largest in population, and the easternmost of the five boroughs of New York City. The borough is coextensive with Queens County, an administrative division of New York state, in the United States.
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Rahway, New Jersey
Rahway () is a city in southern Union County, New Jersey, United States. It is part of the New York metropolitan area, being fifteen miles southwest of Manhattan and five miles west of Staten Island. As of the United States 2000 Census, the city population was 26,500.
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Rochester, New York
Rochester is a city in Monroe County, New York, south of Lake Ontario in the United States. The Rochester metropolitan area is the second largest regional economy in all of New York State according to the U.S. Internal Revenue, after the New York City metropolitan area. Known as ''The World's Image Centre, it was also once known as The Flour City, and more recently as The Flower City''. It is the county seat for Monroe County.
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Rome
Rome (; , ; ) is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . In 2006 the population of the metropolitan area was estimated by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development to have a population of 3.7 million.
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Rome, New York
Rome is a city in Oneida County, New York, United States. It is considered a part of upstate New York. The population was 34,950 at the 2000 census. It is in New York's 24th congressional district. During the Revolutionary War and for years thereafter, the city was originally known as Fort Stanwix, due to the fort being the only existing building in the area. In 1796, the city was founded and named Lynchville. Some time later, the city's name was changed to Rome, assumingly after the Italian city of Rome. The exact time, the reason, and the idea for this name change remains a mystery. Rome is one of two principal cities in the Utica–Rome, New York Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city is in the south-central part of the county. In the heart of the Leatherstocking Region made famous by James Fenimore Cooper's Leatherstocking Tales, Rome is known as the City of American History.
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Russia
Russia (; ), also officially known as the Russian Federation (), is a state in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, the People's Republic of China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It also has maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the United States by the Bering Strait. At , Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than a ninth of the Earth's land area. Russia is also the ninth most populous nation with 142 million people. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning 9 time zones and incorporating a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources. It has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's fresh water.
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Rye (city), New York
Rye is a city in Westchester County, New York, United States. It is separate from the town of Rye which is larger than the city. Rye city, formerly the village of Rye, was part of the town until 1942, when it was received its charter as a city, the most recent to be issued in New York. The population was 14,955 at the 2000 census.
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Rye (town), New York
Rye is a town in Westchester County, New York, United States. The population was 43,880 at the 2000 census. It is a separate municipality from the city of Rye. The town of Rye (often referred to as "Rye Town") contains two villages and a portion of a third - Port Chester and Rye Brook - along with the Rye Neck section of Mamaroneck (the remainder of the village is in the town of Mamaroneck). These villages comprise the entire area of the town.
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Rye Brook, New York
Rye Brook is a village in Westchester County, New York, United States within in the Town of Rye. Prior to the village's establishment on July 7, 1982, the area was an unincorporated section of the Town of Rye. The population was 8,602 according to the 2000 census.
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San Francisco
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Sarajevo
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Scarsdale
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Scarsdale, New York
Scarsdale is a coterminous town and village in Westchester County, New York, United States, in the northern suburbs of New York City. The Town of Scarsdale is coextensive with the Village of Scarsdale, but the community has opted to operate solely with a village government, one of several villages in the state that have a similar governmental situation.
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Secaucus, New Jersey
Secaucus is a town in Hudson County, New Jersey. As of the United States 2000 Census, the town population was 15,931. The town's name is pronounced "SEE-kaw-kus" (), with the accent on the first syllable, not the second as often used by non-natives.
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Seymour, Connecticut
Seymour is a town located in western New Haven County, Connecticut, United States. The town was named for Governor Thomas H. Seymour. The population was 15,454 at the 2000 census.
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Shelton, Connecticut
Shelton is a city in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 38,101 at the 2000 census.
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Shenorock, New York
Shenorock is a hamlet (and census-designated place) (CDP) located in the town of Somers in Westchester County, New York. The population was 1,887 at the 2000 census.
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Shirley, New York
Shirley is a hamlet (and census-designated place) in Suffolk County, New York, United States. As of the 2000 census, Shirley population was 26,395.
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Shrub Oak, New York
Shrub Oak is an unincorporated hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) located in the town of Yorktown in Westchester County, New York. The population was 1,812 at the 2000 census.
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Somers, New York
Somers is a town located in northeastern Westchester County, New York, United States. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 18,346. The Metro-North Commuter Railroad provides service to Grand Central Terminal in Manhattan with an average commute time of slightly over an hour to Manhattan (while the railroad doesn't pass through the town, the stations for Purdys, Goldens Bridge, and Katonah are located just outside the town).
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Staten Island
Staten Island () is a borough of New York City, New York, United States, located in the southwest part of the city. Staten Island is separated from New Jersey by the Arthur Kill and the Kill Van Kull, and from the rest of New York by New York Bay. With a population of 491,730, Staten Island is the least populated of the five boroughs but is the third largest in area at .
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Summit, New Jersey
Summit is a city in Union County, New Jersey, United States, and an affluent suburb of New York City. At the United States 2000 Census, the city population was 21,131. Summit has the 16th-highest per capita income in the state.
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Syracuse, New York
Syracuse (locally or ; generally the latter by non-natives) is a city in and the county seat of Onondaga County, New York, United States, the largest U.S. city with the name "Syracuse", and the fifth most populous city in the state. At the 2000 census, the city population was 147,306, and its metropolitan area had a population of 732,117. It is the economic and educational hub of Central New York, a region with over a million inhabitants. Syracuse is also well-provided with convention sites, with a downtown convention complex and, directly west of the city, the Empire Expo Center, which hosts the annual Great New York State Fair. Syracuse was named after the original Syracuse, (Siracusa in Italian) a city on the eastern coast of the Italian island of Sicily.
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Tarrytown, New York
Tarrytown is a village in the Town of Greenburgh in Westchester County, New York, United States. It is located on the eastern bank of the Hudson River, about 25 miles north of midtown Manhattan in New York City, and is served by a stop on the Metro-North Hudson Line. To the north of Tarrytown is the village of Sleepy Hollow (formerly "North Tarrytown"), to the south the village of Irvington and to the east unincorporated parts of Greenburgh. The Tappan Zee Bridge crosses the Hudson at Tarrytown, carrying the New York State Thruway (Interstates 87 and 287) to Nyack and points upstate.
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Ternopil
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The Bronx
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Thornwood, New York
Thornwood is an unincorporated hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) located in the town of Mount Pleasant in Westchester County, New York. The population was 5,980 at the 2000 census.
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Trenton, New Jersey
Trenton is the capital of the U.S. state of New Jersey and the county seat of Mercer County. As of 2008, the United States Census Bureau estimated that the city of Trenton had a population of 82,883.
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Troy, New York
Troy is a city in the US State of New York and the seat of Rensselaer County. Troy is located on the western edge of Rensselaer County and on the eastern bank of the Hudson River. Troy has close ties to the nearby cities of Albany and Schenectady, forming a region popularly called the Capital District. The city is one of the three major centers for the Albany-Schenectady-Troy Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), which has a population of 850,957. At the 2000 census, the population of Troy was 49,170. Troy's motto is Ilium fuit, Troja est, which means "Ilium was, Troy is".
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Ukraine
Ukraine ( ; , transliterated: , ), with its area of 603,628 km2, is the second largest country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by the Russian Federation to the east and northeast, Belarus to the northwest, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to the west, Romania and Moldova to the southwest, and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast respectively.
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United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
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Utica, New York
Utica is a city in the American state of New York, and the county seat of Oneida County.
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Valhalla, New York
Valhalla is an unincorporated hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) that is located within the town of Mount Pleasant, New York, in Westchester County. Its population was 5,379 at the time of the 2000 U.S. Census. The name of the town was inspired by a fan of the opera composer Richard Wagner, and the celebrated status of this hamlet comes primarily from its location as the burial places of the remains of numerous well-known people. This name is appropriate as Valhalla is also the Viking name for heaven.
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Verplanck, New York
Verplanck is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) located in the town of Cortlandt, Westchester County, New York.
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Wakefield, Bronx
Wakefield is a working-class section of the northern borough of the Bronx in New York City, bounded by the New York city line with Westchester County or 243rd street to the north,and 222nd Street to the south, and the Bronx River, Bronx River Parkway and Metro-North Railroad tracks to the west. Wakefield is the northernmost neighborhood in New York City (although the city's northernmost point is actually in Riverdale, at the College of Mount Saint Vincent). The neighborhood is part of Bronx Community Board 12. The 2000 United States Census reported a total of 67,787 residents. Wakefield was named after the Virginia plantation where George Washington was born, just as neighboring Mount Vernon was named after the plantation where he lived and died.
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West Islip, New York
West Islip is a hamlet and CDP, located in Suffolk County, New York, USA. Situated on the south shore of Long Island, the population of the CDP was 28,907 at the time of the 2000 census.
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Westchester County
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Weston, Connecticut
Weston is a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut. The population was 10,037 at the 2000 census. The town is serviced by Route 57 and Route 53, both of which run through the town center. About 19% of the town's workforce commutes to New York City, about 45 miles (70 km) to the south west.
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Wilton, Connecticut
Wilton is a town nestled in the Norwalk River Valley in western Connecticut and is located in Fairfield County, Connecticut, in the United States. As of the 2000 census, the town population was 17,633. In 2007, it was voted as one of CNN Money's "Best Places to Live" in the United States.
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Wolcott, Connecticut
Wolcott is a town in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 15,215 at the 2000 census.
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Woodlawn, Bronx
Woodlawn (population 7,741) is a neighborhood at the very north end of the borough of the Bronx in New York City. Unlike some neighborhoods in New York City, its boundaries are fairly well-defined, as it is bounded by McLean Avenue to the north, which is approximately the New York City / Westchester County line, the Bronx River to the east, Woodlawn Cemetery to the south and Van Cortlandt Park to the west.
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Yonkers Raceway
Yonkers Raceway, founded in 1899 as the Empire City Race Track, is a one-half-mile standardbred harness racing dirt track and New York state-approved slots racino located at the intersection of Central Park Avenue and Yonkers Avenue (Exits 2 off the New York State Thruway) in Yonkers, New York near the New York City border. It is currently owned by the Rooney Family, the five sons of Art Rooney, the Pittsburgh Steelers football legend.
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Yonkers, New York
Yonkers is the fourth most populous city in the state of New York (behind New York City, Buffalo and Rochester), and the most populous city in Westchester County, with a population of 196,086 (according to the 2000 census), and an estimated 2008 population of 201,588. Yonkers borders the New York City borough of The Bronx and is 2 miles (3 km) north of Manhattan at the cities' two respective closest points.
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Yorktown, New York
Yorktown is a town in Westchester County, New York, in the suburbs of New York about 38 miles north of midtown Manhattan. The town lies on the north border of Westchester county. The population was 36,318 at the 2000 census.
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Yugoslavia
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Adam Rodriguez
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Aerosmith
Aerosmith is an American hard rock band, sometimes referred to as "The Bad Boys from Boston" and "'''America's Greatest Rock and Roll Band'''". Their style, which is rooted in blues-based hard rock, has come to also incorporate elements of pop, heavy metal, and rhythm and blues, and has inspired many subsequent rock artists. The band was formed in Boston, Massachusetts in 1970. Guitarist Joe Perry and bassist Tom Hamilton, originally in a band together called the Jam Band, met up with singer Steven Tyler, drummer Joey Kramer, and guitarist Ray Tabano, and formed Aerosmith. In 1971, Tabano was replaced by Brad Whitford, and the band began developing a following in Boston.
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African American
African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans or Afro-Americans, and formerly as American Negroes) are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa. In the United States, the terms are generally used for Americans with at least partial Sub-Saharan African ancestry.
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Allan Weiner
Allan H. Weiner (born June 12, 1953, Yonkers, New York) is a long-time pirate radio operator and activist. Weiner is currently the owner/operator of WBCQ, a licensed shortwave station broadcasting from Monticello, Maine, and also owns AM radio station WXME and FM radio station WBCQ-FM in Monticello.
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Angelina Jolie
Angelina Jolie (born Angelina Jolie Voight; June 4, 1975) is an American actress. She has received an Academy Award, two Screen Actors Guild Awards, and three Golden Globe Awards. Jolie promotes humanitarian causes, and is noted for her work with refugees as a Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). She has been cited as one of the world's most attractive people, as well as the world's "most beautiful" woman, titles for which she has received substantial media attention.
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Anthrax (band)
Anthrax is an American heavy metal band from New York City, formed in 1981. The band was one of the most popular of the 1980s thrash metal scene. When thrash metal began to gain a major following in the mid-to-late 1980s, Anthrax were dubbed one of the "big four" of thrash metal alongside Metallica, Megadeth, and Slayer.
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Avery Storm
Ralph di Stasio, better known by his stage name Avery Storm, is an American singer.
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Bill Clinton
William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III, August 19, 1946) is the former 42nd President of the United States and served from 1993 to 2001. At 46 he was the third-youngest president. He became president at the end of the Cold War, and was the first baby boomer president. His wife, Hillary Rodham Clinton, is currently the United States Secretary of State. Each received a Juris Doctor (J.D.) from Yale Law School.
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Brian Sweeney
Brian Edward Sweeney (born June 13, 1974 in Yonkers, New York) is a Major League Baseball relief pitcher for the Seattle Mariners.
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Carlos Alazraqui
Carlos Jaime Alazraqui (born July 20, 1962) is an American actor, stand-up comedian, impressionist and voice actor. He is best known for his role as Deputy James Garcia on the Comedy Central series Reno 911!. His voice-over work includes the role of Bobbi Fabulous on Phineas and Ferb, Denzel Q. Crocker and Juandissimo Magnifico on The Fairly OddParents!, Rocko on ''Rocko's Modern Life, Lazlo in Camp Lazlo, as Jonathan Weed on Family Guy'' and currently does the voice of Felix the Cat.
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Cathy DeBuono
Cathy DeBuono is an American actress. DeBuono was born on March 20, 1970, in Yonkers, New York, and raised up in Bronxville. As an athlete she started a career as a successful volleyball player and received several awards and medals such as two gold medals at the United States Olympic Festival in 1991 and 1992. Between 1988 and 1991 she attended the University of Kentucky on a full athletic scholarship for volleyball, played middle blocker and broke several records during her active playing days.
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Cathy Moriarty
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Chip Taylor
Chip Taylor (born March 21, 1944 in Yonkers, New York) is the stage name used by American songwriter James Wesley Voight, who is noted for writing and composing the songs "Angel of the Morning" and "Wild Thing." Taylor's brothers are the actor Jonathan "Jon" Voight and the geologist Barry Voight. He is the uncle of actress Angelina Jolie and actor James Haven.
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Dave Costa
David Joseph Costa (born October 27, 1941 in Mexico City, Mexico) is a former American football defensive tackle. He played college football at the University of Utah and in the American Football League with the Oakland Raiders from 1963 through 1965, the Buffalo Bills in 1966, and the Denver Broncos from 1967 through 1969. He was an AFL All-Star in 1963 for the Raiders (one of only two rookies in that game), and in 1967, 1968 and 1969 for the Broncos. He also played in the American Football Conference of the National Football League for the Broncos, the San Diego Chargers, and the Bills.
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David Berkowitz
David Richard Berkowitz (born Richard David Falco; 1 June 1953), also known as Son of Sam and the .44 Caliber Killer, is an American serial killer and arsonist whose crimes terrorized New York City from July 1976 until his arrest in August 1977.
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Doug DeWitt
Doug DeWitt (born Douglas Anthony Ittaglio on September 14, 1961, in Youngstown, Ohio) was a middleweight boxer.
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Eddie Kingston
Edward "Eddie" Moore is an American professional wrestler, better known by his ring name Eddie Kingston. He is best known for competing in Chikara, Ring of Honor, Independent Wrestling Association Mid-South and for his time in Combat Zone Wrestling.
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Ekrem Jevrić
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Eliot Engel
Eliot Lance Engel (born February 18, 1947) is an American Democratic politician who currently represents New York's 17th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives.
http://wn.com/Eliot_Engel -
Elisha Otis
http://wn.com/Elisha_Otis -
Ella Fitzgerald
http://wn.com/Ella_Fitzgerald -
Elsie B. Washington
Elsie Bernice Washington (December 28, 1942 – May 5, 2009) was an American author whose 1980 work Entwined Destinies has been considered the first romance novel written by an African-American author featuring African-American characters.
http://wn.com/Elsie_B_Washington -
Erik Palladino
Erik Palladino (born May 10, 1968) is an American actor, best known for his portrayal of Dr. Dave Malucci in the NBC drama series ER. He was also a regular on the critically praised TV series Over There.
http://wn.com/Erik_Palladino -
Eulace Peacock
Eulace Peacock (August 27, 1914 - December 13, 1996) was an American track and field athlete in the 1930s. Born in Dothan, Alabama and raised in New Jersey, he became a rival to Jesse Owens in many sprinting competitions. "Peacock won the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) outdoor pentathlon championship six times, in 1934, 1935, 1937, and from 1943 through 1945."[http://www.hickoksports.com/biograph/peacockeulace.shtml] After pulling a hamstring muscle, he was unable to compete in the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany.
http://wn.com/Eulace_Peacock -
Frances Foster
http://wn.com/Frances_Foster -
Frederick Philipse
Frederick Philipse (1626, Bolsward – December 23, 1702 ), Lord of Philipse Manor, owned the vast stretch of land spanning from Spuyten Duyvil in the Bronx to the Croton River. He was a self-made man who emigrated from the Friesland area of the Netherlands to Flatbush, New Netherland on Long Island, who began his career by selling iron nails and rose to become an owner of taverns. When he first purchased land on the mainland, which later became Westchester County, New York, he enticed friends from New Amsterdam and Long Island to move with him with the promise of free land and limited taxes.
http://wn.com/Frederick_Philipse -
Gene Krupa
Gene Krupa (January 15, 1909 – October 16, 1973) was an influential American jazz and big band drummer and composer, known for his highly energetic and flamboyant style.
http://wn.com/Gene_Krupa -
George H. W. Bush
http://wn.com/George_H_W_Bush -
I Love Lucy
I Love Lucy is an American television sitcom, starring Lucille Ball, Desi Arnaz, Vivian Vance and William Frawley. The black-and-white series originally ran from October 15, 1951 to May 6, 1957 on CBS. When the original series ended, the show continued on for three more seasons with 13 one-hour specials, running from 1957 to 1960, known first as The Lucille Ball-Desi Arnaz Show and later in reruns as The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour.
http://wn.com/I_Love_Lucy -
Irish people
http://wn.com/Irish_people -
Irish-American
http://wn.com/Irish-American -
Italian people
The Italian people () are a people that share a common Italian culture, ancestry and speak the Italian language as a mother tongue. Within Italy, Italians are defined by citizenship, regardless of ancestry or country of residence (though the principle of Jus Sanguinis is used extensively and arguably more favorably in the Italian nationality law), and are distinguished from people of Italian descent and, historically, from ethnic Italians living in the unredeemed territories adjacent to the Italian peninsula.
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Italian-American
http://wn.com/Italian-American -
J. Gary Pretlow
J. Gary Pretlow is a member of the New York State Assembly, for the 87th district first elected in 1992. He is a Democrat. Prior to be elected to the Assembly he served on the Mount Vernon city council.
http://wn.com/J_Gary_Pretlow -
Jadakiss
Jason Phillips (born May 27, 1975), better known as Jadakiss, is an American rapper. He is a member of the group The LOX. Jadakiss is one of the three owners of the imprint known as D-Block.
http://wn.com/Jadakiss -
James Blake
James Riley Blake (born December 28, 1979) is an American professional tennis player and currently the tenth-highest ranked American man (No. 115 in the world as of July 19, 2010). Blake is known for his speed and powerful, flat forehand. He is currently ninth among active male players with 24 career finals appearances (10-14 record). His career highlights including reaching the final of the 2006 Tennis Masters Cup, the semifinals of the Beijing Olympics and the quarterfinals of the Australian Open (2008) and U.S. Open (2005, 2006). He also was a key performer for the United States 2007 Davis Cup championship team, going 2-0 in the championship tie vs. Russia at second singles. In 2005, Blake was presented with the Comeback Player of the Year award for his remarkable return to the tour. Later, in 2008, Blake was awarded another honor by the ATP where he was named the Arthur Ashe Humanitarian of the Year. On July 3, 2007, Blake's autobiography Breaking Back: How I Lost Everything and Won Back My Life, which discussed his comeback after his unlucky 2004 season, was released and debuted at Number 22 on the New York Times Best Seller list. He co-wrote this book with Andrew Friedman.
http://wn.com/James_Blake -
Jeffrey Klein
Jeffrey David Klein (born July 10, 1960) is a New York State Senator representing parts of Bronx and Westchester Counties. He was elected to his first term in the Senate in 2004.
http://wn.com/Jeffrey_Klein -
Jesse Owens
Athlete
http://wn.com/Jesse_Owens -
Jim Carrey
James Eugene "Jim" Carrey (born January 17, 1962) is a Canadian-American actor and comedian. Carrey began stand-up comedy in 1979, performing at Yuk Yuk's in Toronto, Ontario. After gaining prominence in 1981, he began working at The Comedy Store in Los Angeles where he was soon noticed by comedian Rodney Dangerfield, who immediately signed him to open his tour performances. Carrey, long interested in film and television, developed a close friendship with comedian Damon Wayans, which landed him a role in the sketch comedy hit In Living Color, in which he portrayed various characters during the show's 1990 season. Having had little success in television movies and several low-budget films, Carrey was cast as the title character in ' which premiered in February, 1994 making $159,537,178 domestically and over $400 million worldwide. The film spawned a sequel, ' (1995), in which he reprised the role of Ventura. These higher-profile roles eventually led to his being cast as Stanley Ipkiss in The Mask (1994) for which he gained a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy, and as Lloyd Christmas in the comedy film Dumb and Dumber (1994).
http://wn.com/Jim_Carrey -
Joe Lapchick
http://wn.com/Joe_Lapchick -
John Breen
John Breen is a playwright from Limerick, Ireland. He is famous for his play Alone it Stands which tells the tale of Munster Rugby Team's legendary victory over New Zealand's mighty All Blacks in Thomond Park, Limerick in 1978. In the play six actors play 62 roles including the Munster team, the Kiwis, the two coaches, the ref, the crowd, the press, a pregnant woman, several children and a dog.
http://wn.com/John_Breen -
Jon Voight
Jonathan Vincent "Jon" Voight (born December 29, 1938) is an American film and television actor. He came to prominence at the end of the 1960s, with a performance as a would-be gigolo in 1969's Best Picture winner, Midnight Cowboy, for which he earned his first Academy Award nomination. Throughout the following decades, Voight built his reputation with an array of challenging roles, appearing in such landmark films as Deliverance (1972), and Coming Home (1978), for which he received an Academy Award for Best Actor. Voight's portrayal of sportscaster/journalist Howard Cosell, in the 2001 biopic Ali, earned critical raves and his fourth Oscar nomination. He starred in the seventh season of 24 as the villain Jonas Hodges.
http://wn.com/Jon_Voight -
Lawrence Monoson
Lawrence Monoson (born August 11, 1964) is an American film and television actor.
http://wn.com/Lawrence_Monoson -
Leonard B. Sand
Leonard Burke Sand (b. 1928 in New York, NY) is a federal judge for the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. Judge Sand received a B.S. from the New York University School of Commerce in 1947 and an LL.B. from Harvard Law School in 1951. He was a delegate to the New York State Constitutional Convention in 1967. He was nominated to the court by Jimmy Carter on April 7, 1978, to a seat vacated by Charles M. Metzner, confirmed by the United States Senate on May 17, 1978, and received his commission on May 19, 1978. He assumed senior status on July 1, 1993.
http://wn.com/Leonard_B_Sand -
Lewis Hine
http://wn.com/Lewis_Hine -
Louis R. Cappelli
Louis R. Cappelli (b. 1951) is a real estate developer most active in Westchester County, New York. Cappelli has constructed, designed and developed more than twenty million square feet of mixed use, retail, residential, office, medical and parking facilities throughout the northeast, with a portfolio value exceeding $3 billion. His firm, Cappelli Enterprises, operates out of Valhalla, New York.
http://wn.com/Louis_R_Cappelli -
Malcolm X
Malcolm X (; May 19, 1925 February 21, 1965), born Malcolm Little and also known as El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz (), was an African-American Muslim minister, public speaker, and human rights activist. To his admirers, he was a courageous advocate for the rights of African Americans, a man who indicted white America in the harshest terms for its crimes against black Americans. His detractors accused him of preaching racism, black supremacy, antisemitism, and violence. He has been described as one of the greatest, and most influential, African Americans in history. In 1998, Time named The Autobiography of Malcolm X one of the ten most influential nonfiction books of the 20th century.
http://wn.com/Malcolm_X -
Mary J. Blige
Mary Jane Blige (surname ; born January 11, 1971), also known as Mary J. Blige, is an American singer, producer, songwriter, actress, and rapper. A recipient of nine Grammy Awards and many other honors, Blige has recorded eight multi-platinum albums. Blige has received the World Music Legends Award for combining hip hop and soul in the early 1990s. She was ranked number 100 in the list of 100 greatest singers of all time by Rolling Stone magazine. As of 2010, Blige has sold over 50 million albums and 15 million singles. Blige has cited Anita Baker, Chaka Khan and Aretha Franklin as influences.
http://wn.com/Mary_J_Blige -
Max Brooks
Maximillian Michael "Max" Brooks (born May 22, 1972) is an American author and screenwriter.
http://wn.com/Max_Brooks -
Mike Breen
Michael "Mike" Breen (born May 22, 1961) is a play-by-play commentator for the NBA on ABC and the lead commentator for New York Knicks games on the MSG network. He also works NBA games for ESPN, and was formerly a play-by-play announcer for New York Giants preseason games, as well as for regular season NFL games on both Fox and NBC.
http://wn.com/Mike_Breen -
Mike Spano
http://wn.com/Mike_Spano -
NAACP
http://wn.com/NAACP -
Neil Simon
Neil Simon (born July 4, 1927) is an American playwright and screenwriter. His numerous Broadway successes have led to his work being among the most regularly performed in the world.
http://wn.com/Neil_Simon -
New Netherland
New Netherland, or Nieuw-Nederland in Dutch, was the 17th-century colonial province on the East Coast of North America of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands. The claimed territories were the lands from the Delmarva Peninsula to extreme southwestern Cape Cod. The settled areas are now part of the Mid-Atlantic States of New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and Connecticut, with small outposts in Pennsylvania and Rhode Island. The provincial capital, New Amsterdam, was located at the southern tip of the island of Manhattan on upper New York Bay.
http://wn.com/New_Netherland -
Nita Lowey
Nita Melnikoff Lowey (born July 5, 1937) is a politician from the U.S. state of New York. She is a Democrat.
http://wn.com/Nita_Lowey -
Non-Hispanic Whites
The terms Non-Hispanic Whites or White, Not Hispanic refers to people in the United States, as defined by the Census Bureau, who are of the white race but not of Hispanic or Latino origin/ethnicity. They are of white race from colonial origin, Europe, North Africa, Middle East, South Asia,Canada, Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. The majority of Hispanic and Latino Americans are white; like the overall non-Hispanic population of the United States, Hispanics and Latinos can be of any race: white, black, Asian, etc, as race and ethnicity are considered independent of each other. Since the population of descendants of people from Spain in the United States is vastly outnumbered by those from Spain's former colonies, the Non-Hispanic White category can also be effectively used to give a good estimate of the directly descended European population in the United States (European Americans).
http://wn.com/Non-Hispanic_Whites -
Outasight
Richard Andrew, (Born February 17, 1983) better known by his stage name Outasight, is an American rapper from Yonkers, New York. Though he is considered a Hip-Hop artist, he draws influence from other genres such as classic rock and soul, and describes his music as "Energetic hip hop mixed with melodic soul"
http://wn.com/Outasight -
Paul Teutul, Sr.
Paul John Teutul Sr., (May 1, 1949 in Yonkers, New York), is the founder of Orange County Ironworks and Orange County Choppers. Teutul worked along with his sons Paul Teutul, Jr. and Michael Teutul, who became celebrities when Orange County Choppers became the focus of a reality television series called American Chopper in 2002.
http://wn.com/Paul_Teutul_Sr -
Peter X. Kelly
http://wn.com/Peter_X_Kelly -
Phil Amicone
Philip A. Amicone is the 41st Mayor of the City of Yonkers, New York. He took office on January 1, 2004, after serving eight years as Deputy Mayor.
http://wn.com/Phil_Amicone -
Pope Benedict XVI
Pope Benedict XVI (; ; ; born Joseph Alois Ratzinger on 16 April 1927) is the 265th and current Pope, by virtue of his office of Bishop of Rome, the head of the Catholic Church and Sovereign of the Vatican City State. He was elected on 19 April 2005 in a papal conclave, celebrated his Papal Inauguration Mass on 24 April 2005, and took possession of his cathedral, the Basilica of St. John Lateran, on 7 May 2005. A native of Bavaria, Pope Benedict XVI has both German and Vatican citizenship. He succeeded John Paul II.
http://wn.com/Pope_Benedict_XVI -
Pope John Paul II
http://wn.com/Pope_John_Paul_II -
Portuguese people
The Portuguese () are an ethnic group or nation native to the country of Portugal, in the west of the Iberian peninsula of south-west Europe. Their language is Portuguese, and Roman Catholicism is the predominant religion.
http://wn.com/Portuguese_people -
Richard Masur
Richard D. Masur (born November 20, 1948) is an American actor who has appeared in over 80 movies during his career. He is best known for his role as the Princeton interviewer in the 1983 film Risky Business. From 1995-1999, he served two terms as president of the Screen Actors Guild (SAG). Masur sits on the Corporate Board of the Motion Picture & Television Fund.
http://wn.com/Richard_Masur -
Robert Celestino
Robert John Celestino in an American film producer, screenwriter, editor and award winning film director. He is best known for his films, Mr Vincent and Yonkers Joe.
http://wn.com/Robert_Celestino -
Ron Garan
http://wn.com/Ron_Garan -
Ross Perot
Henry Ross Perot (; born June 27, 1930) is an American businessman from Texas best known for running for President of the United States in 1992 and 1996. Perot founded Electronic Data Systems (EDS) in 1962, sold the company to General Motors in 1984, and founded Perot Systems in 1988. Perot Systems was bought by Dell for $3.9 billion in 2009. He was born in Texarkana, Texas.
http://wn.com/Ross_Perot -
Sally Regenhard
Sally Regenhard is an American activist who has become one of the leading voices for the families of the victims of the September 11 attacks. A long-time resident of Co-op City in The Bronx in New York City who has degrees in behaviorial sciences and gerontology and has worked in the nursing home industry for over 20 years, Regenhard became an advocate for skyscraper safety after the death of her 28-year old son, Christian, a probationary firefighter with the New York City Fire Department, who perished in the collapse of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001.
http://wn.com/Sally_Regenhard -
Samuel J. Tilden
http://wn.com/Samuel_J_Tilden -
Sheek Louch
Sean Divine Jacobs, better known as Sheek Louch (also known as Donnie Def Jam), is an African American rapper and member of The LOX.
http://wn.com/Sheek_Louch -
Sid Caesar
Isaac Sidney "Sid" Caesar (born September 8, 1922) is an American comic actor and writer known as the leading man on the 1950s television series Your Show of Shows and ''Caesar's Hour, and to younger generations as Coach Calhoun in Grease and Grease 2''.
http://wn.com/Sid_Caesar -
Stagga Lee
Eric Newman, better known by his stage name Stagga Lee, is an American rapper from Yonkers, New York. His stage name was adopted after Stagger Lee Shelton.
http://wn.com/Stagga_Lee -
Steve Ridzik
Stephen George Ridzik (April 29, 1929 – January 8, 2008) was an American right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for five teams from to , primarily the Philadelphia Phillies and Washington Senators.
http://wn.com/Steve_Ridzik -
Steven Tyler
Steven Victor Tallarico (born March 26, 1948), better known as Steven Tyler, is an American singer, songwriter, and judge who is the frontman and lead singer for the Boston-based rock band Aerosmith, in which he also plays the harmonica, and occasional piano and percussion. He is well-known for his stage acrobatics. During his high-energy performances, he usually dresses in bright, colorful outfits with his trademark scarves hanging from his microphone stand.
http://wn.com/Steven_Tyler -
Thomas Mikal Ford
Thomas Mikal Ford (born June 15, 1962), known and credited also as Tommy Ford, is an American actor who is best known for his character Tommy Strawn in the sitcom Martin. He was born in Yonkers, New York.
http://wn.com/Thomas_Mikal_Ford -
Tom Wolk
Tom "T-Bone" Wolk (December 24, 1951 - February 28, 2010) was the longtime bassist with Hall & Oates (since 1981's Private Eyes album) and was also at one time a member of the Saturday Night Live Band with H&O; band mate G.E. Smith. Wolk was multi talented instrumentalist and background singer with who also worked with Hall & Oates member Daryl Hall on some of his solo material, as well as with Carly Simon, Jellyfish, Squeeze, Elvis Costello, Shawn Colvin and Billy Joel over the course of his career.
http://wn.com/Tom_Wolk -
Tommy Dreamer
Thomas James "Tom" Laughlin (born February 13, 1971) is an American professional wrestler better known by his ring name Tommy Dreamer. He is currently working for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) and various promotions on the independent circuit. He is best known for his time spent with Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) and World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). Among other accolades, he is a fourteen-time WWF/E Hardcore Champion and a two-time world champion, having won the ECW World Heavyweight Champion twice. He is the only man to have won this title in both the original company and in the WWE relaunch.
http://wn.com/Tommy_Dreamer -
Vincent Richards
Vincent ("Vinnie") Richards (March 20, 1903 — September 28, 1959) was a top American tennis player in the early decades of the 20th Century, particularly known as being a superlative volleyer.
http://wn.com/Vincent_Richards -
Will Rahmer
Will Rahmer is an American musician.
http://wn.com/Will_Rahmer -
World War I
World War I was a military conflict centered on Europe that began in the summer of 1914. The fighting ended in late 1918. This conflict involved all of the world's great powers, assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies (centred around the Triple Entente) and the Central Powers. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilized in one of the largest wars in history. More than 9 million combatants were killed, due largely to great technological advances in firepower without corresponding ones in mobility. It was the second deadliest conflict in history.
http://wn.com/World_War_I
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Yonkers, New York Getty Square 1920 Photos
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:06
- Published: 03 Oct 2009
- Updated: 28 Sep 2012
High Resolution Photos from 1920 of old Getty Square area of Yonkers, NY. Main Street, South Broadway, New Main, Ashburton etc. from the Duke University Digital Collection.
http://wn.com/Yonkers,_New_York_Getty_Square_1920_Photos
YONKERS NY " MY TOWN "
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:10
- Published: 17 Feb 2009
- Updated: 26 Sep 2012
A look at the beauty of my home town of YONKERS NY our local parks shoping .
http://wn.com/YONKERS_NY_MY_TOWN_
Place-Downtown Yonkers, NY-7/3/08-Clip#1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:59
- Published: 10 Jul 2008
- Updated: 04 Oct 2012
This videoclip is of some of downtown Yonkers streets on my family's way to visit a restaurant that is ust a stone's throw from the Hudson River, smack in the middle of the beautiful and lively downtown waterfront section of Yonkers, NY, a city on the rise. On 7/3/08, I (Frank Sisco) stopped by a certain restaurant with my wife Lorrie and daughter Kelly, planning to see my friend Nathaniel Goldberg (Papahawk) play and sing jazz with three others, only to find out I was a week early. Yet, I heard from outside that restaurant the piano keys being played wonderfully by a smiling man on the other side of the window, later to find out it was the owner. With my video camera handy, I took a few videoclips which, with th owner's permission, were included on the internet, until 9/13/10 when they were withdrawn per the owner's request. For more information about this restaurant or about Yonkers, NY or about any of these videoclips, please contact me at 914.740.4422, or by email to: ideasmoney@aol.com, and see other videoclips on my website at www.videovoom.com. Here's a summary of the videoclips: (Videoclip #1) -- Going into the downtown area of Yonkers, NY, including many shops, restaurants, residences and other sites. (Videoclp #2) -- Walking around the downtown waterfront area of Yonkers, NY, including many shops, restaurants, residences and other sites. (Videoclp #3) -- Withdrawn videoclip that had shown entering a certain restaurant located n the heart of the downtown <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Place-Downtown_Yonkers,_NY-7_3_08-Clip_1
Haunted House for sale in Yonkers, New York
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:38
- Published: 18 Mar 2010
- Updated: 23 Jul 2012
My friend went to look at a house for sale, and as soon as they started walking up the stairs, they felt a strange urkiness..so we went back so I could look too !! not sure if I saw a dog at the doorway and watch this on a slow computer... it is easier to pick up that way....
http://wn.com/Haunted_House_for_sale_in_Yonkers,_New_York
'Mysterious Force' Blocks Car Remotes in Yonkers, NY - July 25, 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:49
- Published: 25 Jul 2012
- Updated: 03 Oct 2012
sheilaaliens.net "YONKERS, NY -- A busy stretch of Yonkers Avenue has become a Bermuda Triangle for parked cars. For at least six months now, business owners here say a mysterious force has been locking people with keyless remotes out of their vehicles or preventing them from starting their engines near Yonkers and Page avenues. But the cars revive after they are pushed or towed away. An expert hired to investigate the problem said Monday that localized radio interference is to blame for disrupting the signals sent from keyless remotes, but he still was trying to pinpoint the exact source of the signal. "It's not a common phenomenon," said David Maxson, a radio-frequency communications specialist and owner of Isotrope in Medfield, Mass. "I only get a handful of these quirky types of complaints every year." Ronald Squiers of Enfield, Conn., said he was unable to remotely unlock his car after leaving a wake at F. Ruggiero & Sons Funeral Home in the area. Owner Michael Ruggiero said the problem arose again July 15 when a woman making funeral arrangements for her father got locked out of her car. Weeks ago, he said his brother had to get his car towed off the lot. "I've had constant complaints," Ruggiero said. Yonkers police Detective Lt. Patrick McCormack said the department has not received reports of electrical interference. Ruggiero said he doesn't want to bother police with the problem. When the problem first arose, Employees at Marden Hardware said customers assumed the <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/'Mysterious_Force'_Blocks_Car_Remotes_in_Yonkers,_NY_July_25,_2012
Parkin' Lot Pimpin' Yonkers New York ......Ya heard
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:19
- Published: 05 Nov 2007
- Updated: 26 Sep 2012
streetz talk
http://wn.com/Parkin'_Lot_Pimpin'_Yonkers_New_York_Ya_heard
165 Linden St Yonkers, New York 10701 - 6 Unit Building
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:03
- Published: 06 Dec 2010
- Updated: 29 Jul 2012
Short Sale. Large 6 Family with huge rent roll. (6) 3 bedroom railroad style apartments
http://wn.com/165_Linden_St_Yonkers,_New_York_10701_6_Unit_Building
Chip Taylor "Yonkers NY"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:44
- Published: 29 Dec 2009
- Updated: 29 Sep 2012
Chip Taylor and his band, including Kendel Carson, perform at The Birchmere in VA for the Music Fog cameras. (12/13/09) musicfog.com
http://wn.com/Chip_Taylor_Yonkers_NY
ROSH HASHANAH IN YONKERS # 3 Meaning of Rosh Hashana
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:18
- Published: 14 Sep 2009
- Updated: 12 Apr 2012
Members of the Lincoln Park Jewish Center of Yonkers, NY, celebrating the Jewish New Year in the Amphitheater of Yonkers in front of the magnificent Hudson River. Member of the Belz School of Jewish Music Choir of the Yeshiva University singing different Jewish melodies.
http://wn.com/ROSH_HASHANAH_IN_YONKERS_3_Meaning_of_Rosh_Hashana
Yonkers, NY- 5th Alarm, 4-25-00
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:05
- Published: 29 Jan 2012
- Updated: 25 Mar 2012
Fire in the large vacant Longfellow School on Seymour St. in Yonkers,NY "The Hollow" from April 25,2000.
http://wn.com/Yonkers,_NY_5th_Alarm,_4-25-00
boricua parade yonkers new york
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:54
- Published: 06 Jun 2010
- Updated: 24 Jul 2012
parada boricua
http://wn.com/boricua_parade_yonkers_new_york
Roosevelt High School (RHS Yonkers, NY) Class of 1968-9 Reunion Video: In My Life Montage
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:28
- Published: 26 Sep 2009
- Updated: 01 Sep 2012
Played at the Westchester Marriott Reunion September 12, 2009, the video evokes memories of people and places of the Class of '68-'69 era.
http://wn.com/Roosevelt_High_School_RHS_Yonkers,_NY_Class_of_1968-9_Reunion_Video_In_My_Life_Montage
Quad Wheelies In Snow Streets Yonkers Ny Longest Go Pro
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:28
- Published: 23 Jan 2012
- Updated: 28 Aug 2012
1/21/12 snow fun
http://wn.com/Quad_Wheelies_In_Snow_Streets_Yonkers_Ny_Longest_Go_Pro
New York Skate Parks ep. 1 | Yonkers Skate Park |
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:09
- Published: 17 Jun 2011
- Updated: 17 Sep 2012
This is a little montage at the yonkers skate park. this is the start of a new series called the New York Skate Parks. This first episode happens to be at the home town yonkers. Subscribe to see more, episodes coming out soon.
http://wn.com/New_York_Skate_Parks_ep_1_|_Yonkers_Skate_Park_|
TIBBETTS BROOK PARK YONKERS NY WITH RELAXING MUSIC
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:08
- Published: 30 Apr 2012
- Updated: 24 Aug 2012
THIS IS A LANDMARK PARK IN THE CITY OF YONKERS NEW YORK. TIBBETT'S B ROOK PARK HAS A WATERPARK SANDBOX PONDS WILDLIFE SOCCERFIELDS ECT. ITS A GREAT PLACE FOR FAMILY ORIENTATED EVENTS . DIRECTED BY JIM OF AJL CINEMA.
http://wn.com/TIBBETTS_BROOK_PARK_YONKERS_NY_WITH_RELAXING_MUSIC
657 Warburton Ave - Yonkers, NY - Home For Sale
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:49
- Published: 06 Sep 2011
- Updated: 21 Aug 2012
Home For Sale - 657 Warburton Avenue Yonkers, New York "A spectacular River View from this special Home" Contact: Nortrud Wolf Spero - broker 914.968.7862 nortrud.spero@verizon.net Website: www.westchesternyrealtors.com note since the video was produced... The hospital tub in the extension bathroom has been removed and is being replaced with a white tile stall shower with a bench and sliding glass doors. Several doors are being added [french doors in the archway to the extension] and moved around, and a closet is being added to the bedroom. A partial kitchenette with cherry cabinets and a stainless steel sink and fridge are being added to the south wall of the family room, [backing up to the bathroom].
http://wn.com/657_Warburton_Ave_Yonkers,_NY_Home_For_Sale
Yonkers NY Dentist
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:34
- Published: 29 Nov 2011
- Updated: 04 May 2012
Yonkers NY Dental Office www.concerneddentalcare.com
http://wn.com/Yonkers_NY_Dentist
PURE FT STUNTS "UNDER THE STREET LIGHT" YONKERS, NY VIDEO King Squad Tv
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:04
- Published: 17 Jun 2011
- Updated: 25 Aug 2012
MIAMI TO YONKERS BIG PURE AND STUNTS . SHOUT OUT TO POST AND ELLIOT AVE WHERE WE SHOT THE VIDEO .MUCH BLOVE FROM BX TO YONKERS. SHOT FILMED AND PRODUCED BY BIG STONE KING SQUAD TV. SILENT REVEUE
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BULLY BREED YONKERS NY
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:24
- Published: 21 Mar 2010
- Updated: 17 Sep 2012
American Bully ADBA YONKERS NY Born: Jan.19.2010 Breed: Red Nose Bully, Bloodline Camelot Peterson, Avant Parents: Male 26 inch head 110weight Femele23head,weight 80, Puppies 2 months old: 20+ lbs each
http://wn.com/BULLY_BREED_YONKERS_NY
Julia Doszna. Yonkers, NY. 2005
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 61:22
- Published: 11 Mar 2011
- Updated: 11 Aug 2012
Christmas Concert given in Yonkers in January, 2005.
http://wn.com/Julia_Doszna_Yonkers,_NY_2005
LATIN KINGS (YONKERS NY KING CHUCHO)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:10
- Published: 16 Feb 2007
- Updated: 06 Oct 2012
YONKERS TAINO TRIBE MEMBER STACKIN CROWNS...
http://wn.com/LATIN_KINGS_YONKERS_NY_KING_CHUCHO
Pearl Jam - Tower Records, Yonkers, NY
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:42
- Published: 11 Nov 2006
- Updated: 14 Aug 2012
Pearl Jam performing "Oceans" at Tower Records in Yonkers, NY, during a promotional appearance on November 14, 1991
http://wn.com/Pearl_Jam_Tower_Records,_Yonkers,_NY
celebrant singers in Yonkers NY
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:02
- Published: 26 Jul 2009
- Updated: 31 Aug 2012
Creative Commons
Creative Commons / Anthony22
Creative Commons / Anthony22![Cross County Center, also known as Cross County Shopping Center is an open-air shopping mall located in Yonkers, New York, United States. Over 100 stores and restaurants are featured in the mall,[1] including anchor stores Macy's, Old Navy and Sears. The mall is managed by Macerich.](http://web.archive.org./web/20121007051034im_/http://cdn7.wn.com/pd/5d/66/7ed7fb13f6ffdd6656b1ccb065c7_small.jpg "Cross County Center, also known as Cross County Shopping Center is an open-air shopping mall located in Yonkers, New York, United States. Over 100 stores and restaurants are featured in the mall,[1] including anchor stores Macy's, Old Navy and Sears. The mall is managed by Macerich.")
Creative Commons / Matt.T
Creative Commons / Admrboltz
AP / Mark Lennihan
![Cross County Center, also known as Cross County Shopping Center is an open-air shopping mall located in Yonkers, New York, United States. Over 100 stores and restaurants are featured in the mall,[1] including anchor stores Macy's, Old Navy and Sears. The mall is managed by Macerich.](http://web.archive.org./web/20121007051034/http://cdn1.wn.com/pd/5d/66/7ed7fb13f6ffdd6656b1ccb065c7_medium.jpg "Cross County Center, also known as Cross County Shopping Center is an open-air shopping mall located in Yonkers, New York, United States. Over 100 stores and restaurants are featured in the mall,[1] including anchor stores Macy's, Old Navy and Sears. The mall is managed by Macerich.")
Photo: DOD / Public Domain
04 Oct 2012
In Afghanistan, the US military has tried training sessions, embedded cultural advisers, recommended reading lists, and even a video game designed to school American troops in local custom. But 11...
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06 Oct 2012
AFP - Radical Islamist preacher Abu Hamza and four other terror suspects were on their way from Britain to the United States on Saturday after a court rejected their last-ditch court bid to block...
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TURKEY doesn't want war with Syria but it's determined to protect its borders and its people, the country's prime minister declared Thursday. Turkey's Prime Minister Recep Tayyip...
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DENVER -- In the first presidential debate of the fall campaign, Mitt Romney defended himself Wednesday night against charges from President Barack Obama that his tax-cut plan would favor the wealthy....
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05 Oct 2012
Protesters are appearing in court in the Greek capital Athens a day after a rally by shipyard workers against job cuts descended into violence. A line of blue police lorries flanked the courthouse as...
Belfast Telegraph
The Heritage pub on McLean Avenue in Yonkers was no place for the faint-hearted yesterday as what seemed like half of Donegal descended on it, giving a whole new meaning to 'standing room only'. So long as you didn't breathe, you'd be fine. It was a sight...(size: 1.7Kb)
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Yahoo Daily News
As part of an ongoing marketing strategy managed by Route 72 Systems, a local Yonkers dentist launches another brand new website. Yonkers, NY (PRWEB) July 15, 2012 Canterino Dental Associates, a local Yonkers dentist office, has recently launched another website focused on the popular dental...(size: 2.4Kb)
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The Examiner
On May 18, 2011 the U.S. Attorney's Office in the Southern District of New York held court at the White Plains Federal Courtroom. The assistant Director in charge of the New York Field Office of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, announced the defendents; Linton Williams, Linroy Blake, Leon Scott,...(size: 7.2Kb)
Otis opens elevator factory in Yonkers, New York
20 Sep 2010
The Examiner
One-hundred and fifty-seven years ago, on September 20, 1853, mechanic Elisha Graves Otis opened his own elevator factory in Yonkers, New York, after inventing the safety hoist the previous year. At the start, Otis had only two unsolicited $300 orders for elevators. So, he demonstrated his invention...(size: 2.4Kb)
FONAR Sells and Installs an Upright MRI in Yonkers, New York; Yonkers Mayor Cuts Ribbon ...
23 Feb 2005
Stockhouse
2/23/05 MELVILLE, N.Y., Feb 23, 2005 (BUSINESS WIRE) -- FONAR Corporation (NASDAQ-FONR), The MRI Specialist(TM), today announced that it has sold and installed one of its Upright(TM) MRI scanners to Upright Imaging of Westchester, Yonkers, New York. Philip A. Amicone, Mayor...(size: 6.4Kb)
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Bouts Will Be Replayed Today on SHOWTIME TOO at 11 p.m. ET/PT, Saturday, May 24, on SHOWTIME at 6 p.m. ET/PT and Monday, May 26, on SHOWTIME TOO at 8 p.m. ET/PT YONKERS, N.Y., May 23 /PRNewswire/ -- In an excellent fight that featured non-stop action, World Boxing Council (WBC) No. 4 middleweight...(size: 4.8Kb)
Union State Bank Completes Acquisition of Yonkers, New York, Branch of Fourth Federal Savings Bank
01 Nov 2002
PR Newswire
ORANGEBURG, N.Y., Nov. 1 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- Union State Bank (USB), the Bank subsidiary of U.S.B. Holding Co., Inc. (the "Company"), announced that on October 31, 2002, it completed the acquisition of the Yonkers, New York, branch of Fourth Federal Savings Bank located at 2500 Central Avenue....(size: 3.4Kb)
PR Newswire
ORANGEBURG, N.Y., June 18 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- In an expansion of its recent entry into the Yonkers, New York, market, Union State Bank (USB), the bank subsidiary of U.S.B. Holding Co., Inc. (NYSE: UBH), announced today that it has signed a definitive agreement to acquire the Yonkers branch of...(size: 2.0Kb)
This article is about the city in the state of New York. For other uses, see Yonkers (disambiguation).
Coordinates: 40°56′29″N 73°51′52″W / 40.94139°N 73.86444°W / 40.94139; -73.86444
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| City of Yonkers | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| — City — | |||
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| Nickname(s): The Central City, The Land of Hudson, The Terrace City, The City of Hills, The City of Vision | |||
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| Coordinates: 40°56′29″N 73°51′52″W / 40.94139°N 73.86444°W / 40.94139; -73.86444 | |||
| Country | United States | ||
| State | New York | ||
| County | Westchester | ||
| Founded | 1646 | ||
| Incorporated | 1872 | ||
| Government | |||
| • Type | Mayor-Council | ||
| • Body | Yonkers City Council | ||
| • Mayor | Mike Spano (D) | ||
| Area | |||
| • Total | 20.3 sq mi (52.6 km2) | ||
| • Land | 18.1 sq mi (46.8 km2) | ||
| • Water | 2.2 sq mi (5.8 km2) | ||
| Elevation | 82 ft (25 m) | ||
| Population (2010) | |||
| • Total | 195,976 | ||
| • Density | 10,827.4/sq mi (4,187.5/km2) | ||
| Time zone | EST (UTC-5) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | EDT (UTC-4) | ||
| ZIP codes | 10701, 10702 (post office), 10703, 10704, 10705, 10707 (shared with Tuckahoe, NY), 10708 (shared with Bronxville, NY) 10710 | ||
| Area code(s) | 914 | ||
| FIPS code | 36-84000[1] | ||
| GNIS feature ID | 0971828[2] | ||
| Website | http://www.yonkersny.gov | ||
Yonkers is the fourth most populous city in the U.S. state of New York (behind New York City, Buffalo and Rochester), and the most populous city in Westchester County, with a population of 195,976 (according to the 2010 Census). Yonkers borders the New York City borough of The Bronx and is 2 miles (3 km) north of Manhattan at the cities' closest points.
The city is home to several attractions: the Hudson River Museum, the Sherwood House, the Science Barge, Cross County Shopping Center, Ridge Hill Shopping Center, and Yonkers Raceway, a harness racing track that has renovated its grounds and clubhouse and added legalized video slot machine gambling in 2006 in a "racino" called Empire City. There are also many large shopping areas along Central Park Avenue (NY 100), informally called "Central Ave" by area residents, a name it takes officially a few miles north in White Plains, New York.
Contents |
Geography[link]
The city is spread out over hills rising from near sea level at the eastern bank of the Hudson River to 416 feet (126 m) at Sacred Heart Church, whose spire can be seen from Long Island, New York City, and New Jersey. Its landscape has been compared to San Francisco, Sarajevo, and Rome.
The city occupies 20.3 square miles (52.6 km²), including 18.1 square miles (46.8 km²) of land and 2.2 square miles (5.8 km²) (11.02%) of water, according to the United States Census Bureau. The Bronx River separates Yonkers from Mount Vernon, Tuckahoe, Eastchester, Bronxville, and Scarsdale to the east. The town of Greenburgh is to the north, and on the western border is the Hudson River.
On the south, Yonkers borders the Riverdale, Woodlawn, and Wakefield sections of The Bronx. In addition, the southernmost point of Yonkers is only 2 miles (3 km) north of the northernmost point of Manhattan when measured from Broadway & Caryl Avenue in Yonkers to Broadway & West 228th Street in the Marble Hill section of Manhattan. The gentilic for residents is alternately Yonkersonian or Yonkersite [3]
Climate: Yonkers has cold winters and warm summers. Temperature ranges average lows of 27 degrees F in January, and average highs of 84 degrees F in July.
Demographics[link]
| Historical populations | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1860 | 8,218 |
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| 1870 | 12,733 | 54.9% | |
| 1880 | 18,892 | 48.4% | |
| 1890 | 32,033 | 69.6% | |
| 1900 | 47,931 | 49.6% | |
| 1910 | 79,803 | 66.5% | |
| 1920 | 100,176 | 25.5% | |
| 1930 | 134,646 | 34.4% | |
| 1940 | 142,598 | 5.9% | |
| 1950 | 152,798 | 7.2% | |
| 1960 | 190,634 | 24.8% | |
| 1970 | 204,297 | 7.2% | |
| 1980 | 195,351 | −4.4% | |
| 1990 | 188,082 | −3.7% | |
| 2000 | 196,086 | 4.3% | |
| 2010 | 195,976 | −0.1% | |
As of the census of 2010,[4] there are 195,976 people in the city. The population density is 10,827.4 people per square mile (4,187.5/km²). There are 80,839 housing units at an average density of 4,466.2 per square mile (1,727.3/km²). The cultural makeup of the city is 55.8% White, 18.7% African American, 0.7% Native American, 5.9% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 14.7% from other races, and 4.1% from two or more races. 34.7% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any racial background. Non-Hispanic Whites were 41.4% of the population in 2010,[5] down from 89.9% in 1970.[6]
According to the 2000 Census[1], 19.9% were of Italian and 11.6% Irish descent. 61.3% spoke English, 22.7% Spanish, 3.9% Italian, 5% Arabic and 1.3% Portuguese as their first language.
There were 74,351 households out of which 30.9% have children under the age of 18 living with them in 2000, 44.2% are married couples living together, 17.2% have a female householder with no husband present, and 33.7% are non-families. 29.2% of all households are made up of individuals and 11.9% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.61 and the average family size is 3.23.
In 2000, the city the population is spread out with 24.3% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 25, 30.6% from 25 to 45, 21.2% from 45 to 65, and 15.0% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 36 years. For every 100 females there are 88.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 84.2 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $44,663 in 2000, and the median income for a family is $53,233. Males have a median income of $41,598 versus $34,756 for females. The per capita income for the city is $22,793. 15.5% of the population and 13.0% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 24.8% of those under the age of 18 and 9.9% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.
History[link]
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The land on which the city is built was once part of a 24,000 acre (97 km²) land grant called Colen Donck that ran from the current Manhattan/Bronx border at Marble Hill northwards for 12 miles (19 km), and from the Hudson River eastwards to the Bronx River. This grant was purchased in July 1645 by Adriaen van der Donck, a lawyer, scholar, and author who had emerged as a leader of the New Netherland colony. Van der Donck was known locally as the Jonkheer or Jonker (etymologically, "young gentleman," derivation of old German jung and Herr; in effect, "Esquire"), a word from which the name "Yonkers" is directly derived.[7] Van der Donck built a saw mill near where the Nepperhan Creek met the Hudson; the Nepperhan is now also known as the Saw Mill River. Van der Donck and his family were killed in the Peach Tree War.
Near the site of van der Donck's mill is Philipse Manor Hall, a Colonial-era manor house which today serves as a museum and archive, offering many glimpses into life before the American Revolution. The original structure (later enlarged) was built around 1682 by Frederick Philipse and his wife Margaret Hardenbroeck. Frederick was a wealthy Dutchman who by the time of his death had amassed an enormous estate, which encompassed the entire modern City of Yonkers, as well as several other Hudson River towns. Philipse's great-grandson, Frederick Philipse III, was a prominent Loyalist during the American Revolution, who, because of his political leanings, was forced to flee to England. All the lands that belonged to the Philipse family were confiscated and sold.
For its first two hundred years, Yonkers was a small farming town with an active industrial waterfront. Yonkers's later growth rested largely on developing industry. In 1853, Elisha Otis invented the first safety elevator and the Otis Elevator Company, opened the first elevator factory in the world on the banks of the Hudson near what is now Vark Street. It relocated to larger quarters (now the Yonkers Public Library) in the 1880s. Around the same time, the Alexander Smith and Sons Carpet Company (in the Saw Mill River Valley) expanded to 45 buildings, 800 looms, and over 4,000 workers and was known as one of the premier carpet producing centers in the world. In 1892, Smith carpets were sent to Moscow for the tsar's coronation. Bakelite, the first completely synthetic plastic, was invented in Yonkers circa 1906 by Leo Baekeland, and manufactured there until the late 1920s. Today, two of the former Alexander Smith and Sons Carpet Company loft buildings located at 540 and 578 Nepperhan Avenue have been repurposed to house the YoHo Artist Community, a collective group of talented artists that works out of private studios there.[8]
The community was incorporated as a village in the northern part of the Town of Yonkers in 1854, and as a city in 1872. The southern part of the Township became part of The Bronx. The city declined to join the City of Greater New York,and plans were dropped to extend the new subway to Getty Square.
Early in the 20th Century, Yonkers also hosted a brass era automobile maker, Colt Runabout Company;[9] despite the car's seemingly glowing performance, the company went under.
Yonkers was also the headquarters of the Waring Hat Company, at the time the nation's largest hat manufacturer. World War II saw the city's factories manufacture such items as tents and blankets in the Alexander Smith and Sons Carpet Factory and tanks in the Otis Elevator factory.
After World War II, however, with increased competition from less expensive imports, Yonkers lost much of its manufacturing activity. The Alexander Smith Carpet mill fell on hard times and ceased operation on June 24, 1954. In 1983, the Otis Elevator Factory finally closed its doors. With the loss of jobs in the city itself, Yonkers (predominantly the east side) became primarily a residential city and some neighborhoods of the city, such as Crestwood, became popular with wealthy New Yorkers wishing to live outside the city but not in an entirely suburban environment. Yonkers' excellent transportation infrastructure, including three commuter railroad lines (now two, the Harlem and Hudson Lines) and five parkways and thruways, as well as its 15-minute drive from Manhattan and picturesque "period" homes and apartments, made it a desirable city in which to live. Yonkers' manufacturing sector has recently shown a resurgence. A Kawasaki railroad cars assembly plant opened in 1986 in the former Otis plant, producing the new R142A, R143 and R160B cars for the New York City Subway, and the PA4 and upcoming PA5 series for PATH.
Aside from being a manufacturing center, Yonkers also played a key role in the development of entertainment in the United States. In 1888, Scottish immigrant John Reid founded the first golf course in the United States, St. Andrew's Golf Club, in Yonkers. On January 4, 1940, Yonkers resident Edwin Howard Armstrong transmitted the first FM radio broadcast (on station W2XCR) from the Yonkers home of C.R. Runyon, a co-experimenter. Yonkers also had the longest running pirate radio station, owned by Allan Weiner during the 1970s through the 1980s.
The city's struggles with racial discrimination and segregation were highlighted in a decades-long federal lawsuit. After a 1985 decision and an unsuccessful appeal, Yonkers' schools were integrated in 1988. The federal judge, Leonard B. Sand, ruled that Yonkers had engaged in institutional segregation in housing and school policies for over 40 years and tied the illegal concentration of public housing and private housing discrimination to the city's resistance to ending racial isolation in its public schools.[citation needed]
Yonkers moved to the center of national/international attention during the summer of 1988, when the city was found in contempt of the federal courts, after it refused to build promised municipal public housing in the eastern portions of the city. It had earlier agreed to do so in a consent decree, after losing the appeal in 1987. Being fined one dollar, doubling every day until the council passed the ordinance set out in the consent decree, Yonkers remained in contempt of the courts until September 9, 1988. On that date, the City Council relented, in the wake of library closures, sanitation cutbacks, while looking at massive city layoffs, which would have been required to continue its resistance to desegregation.
In the 1980s and 1990s, Yonkers developed a national reputation for racial tension, based on a long-term battle between the City of Yonkers and the NAACP over the building of subsidized low-rent housing. The City wanted to use federal funds to create or expand high-rise housing projects in southwest Yonkers; other groups, led by the NAACP, felt that concentrating subsidized housing in traditionally poor neighborhoods perpetuated poverty. The climax of the battle came when United States district court Judge Leonard Sand imposed a fine on Yonkers which started at $1 and doubled every day until the City capitulated to the federally mandated plan.
Mayor Nicholas Wasicsko, in his first term, fought to save the city from financial disaster and bring about unity. He was a lonely figure in city politics at the time, which was scarred with the stigma of the "Balkanization of Yonkers." He succeeded in helping to end the city's contempt of the courts, but was voted out of office as a result. Yonkers still suffers the stigma of having bitterly opposed desegregation.
The Irish-American community is prominent in Yonkers, and the city hosts one of the nation's oldest St. Patrick's Day parades. There is also home to a large Italian-American community, and the city hosts a large Columbus Day festival with a Miss Italian-American pageant.Yonkers also has a significant Portuguese population.
Another large community is the Slavic community. In the early and mid 20th Century a large amount of people emigrated from Poland, Ukraine, Czechoslovakia, Russia, and Croatia. Recently a large number of immigrants from the former Yugoslavia have called Yonkers home. The Slavic community is centered around St. Casimir's Roman Catholic Church, Most Holy Trinity Roman Catholic Church, Holy Trinity Russian Orthodox Church, and St. Michael's Ukrainian Catholic Church. Yonkers still has a large Slavic community. The city also has a "stanytsia" (branch) of Plast.
There also once was a significant Jewish population (the Broadway plays Hello Dolly! and Lost in Yonkers both take place within the Yonkers Jewish community). However, it has dwindled. In the 2000s, some areas bordering similar neighborhoods in Riverdale began seeing an influx of Orthodox Jews. Subsequently, Riverdale Hatzalah Volunteer Ambulance Service began serving some neighborhoods in the southwest section of the city.[10] There is also a small Jewish Cemetery, the Sherwood Park Cemetery [1]
Neighborhoods[link]
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This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2007) |
Though Yonkers contains many small residential enclaves and communities, it can conveniently be divided into four quarters, demarcated by the Saw Mill River. There are 37 or more distinct neighborhoods, many of these names being rarely used except by real estate agents.
Northeast Yonkers[link]
Northeast Yonkers, the wealthiest area of the city, is a primarily Irish-American and Italian-American area. Though suburban, it is noticeably less so than the Town of Greenburgh to the north. House sizes vary widely, from small houses set close together, to some larger houses in areas like Lawrence Park West. Tuckahoe Road, which intersects Central Avenue (NY 100), contains many stores as well. Notable former residents include Steven Tyler (born Steven Tallarico) of the rock band Aerosmith, whose childhood home was just off Central Avenue on Pembrook Drive. Northeastern Yonkers contains the desirable Crestwood, Colonial Heights, Cedar Knolls, and Beech Hill sections of the city, as well as several other wealthy enclaves such as Lawrence Park West. Landmarks include St Vladimir's Seminary, as well as Sarah Lawrence College, and the Tanglewood Shopping Center (one-time home of the The Tanglewood Boys gang). The northeast section of Yonkers consists of more upscale housing than the rest of the city, and, due to the proximity of several Metro-North commuter railroad stations, its residents tend to be employed in corporate positions in Manhattan.
Northwest Yonkers[link]
Northwest Yonkers is a collection of widely varying neighborhoods, spanning from the Hudson River to around the New York State Thruway/I-87 and from Ashburton Avenue north to the Hastings-on-Hudson border. With the Hudson River bordering it to the west, this area has many beautiful Victorian-era homes with panoramic views of the Palisades. An interest in historic preservation has taken hold in this neighborhood in recent years, as demonstrated on streets like Shonnard Terrace, Delavan Terrace and Hudson Terrace. The population of northwestern Yonkers is probably the most ethnically diverse in the city.
Landmarks include the Hudson River Museum, Untermyer Park and the Lenoir Nature Preserve. The significant amount of surviving Victorian architecture and 19th century estates in northwest Yonkers has attracted many filmmakers in recent years.
The two block section of Palisade Ave between Chase and Roberts Ave in northwest Yonkers is colloquially known as "the north end" or "the end". It was and still is the only retail and food shopping area in the neighborhood, and was well known by the local kids for an original soda fountain store, "Urich's" and Robbins Pharmacy. It was once the end of the # 2 trolley line. The # 2 bus replaced the trolley line. One part of Yonkers that is sometimes overlooked is Nepera Park. This is a small section at the northern part of Nepperhan Avenue on the Hastings-on-Hudson border. Nepperhan Avenue in Nepera Park has a large A & P Supermarket, Walgreens, KFC, and several smaller stores, such as a bakery, deli, dry cleaners, a few beauty salons,etc.
Southeast Yonkers[link]
Southeast Yonkers is mostly Irish-American (many of the Irish being native born) and Italian-American. Many of the businesses and type of architecture in southeast Yonkers bear a greater resemblance to certain parts of the Bronx, Brooklyn, Queens, or Staten Island than to points north. This is not surprising as southeastern Yonkers is largely within walking distance of the Riverdale, Woodlawn, and Wakefield sections of the Bronx. Many residents regard eastern McLean Avenue, home to a vibrant Irish community shared with the Woodlawn section of the Bronx, to be the true hub of Yonkers.
Similarly, a portion of Midland Avenue in the Dunwoodie section has been called the "Little Italy" of Yonkers. Landmarks of southeastern Yonkers include the Cross County Shopping Center, Yonkers Raceway, and St. Joseph's Seminary in the Dunwoodie neighborhood, which was visited by Pope John Paul II in October 1995 and later by Pope Benedict XVI in April 2008.
Southwest Yonkers[link]
Predominately Black and Latino, this area in Yonkers has suffered from past economic, political, and social challenges. Early in the 21st century a decrease in crime rate and a juxtaposition of poverty and revitalization mirrored newly gentrified neighborhoods of New York City's Harlem and Brooklyn. Off South Broadway (a major thoroughfare) one can find residential neighborhoods, such as Nodine Hill, Park Hill, and Hudson Park (off the Hudson River) with residential streets of turn-of-the-century mansions, and upscale luxury rentals and condominiums. Other upscale neighborhoods are Ludlow Park, Hudson Park & Van Cortlandt Crest, off Riverdale Avenue, right over the Riverdale border - the former alongside the Hudson River.
The area is also home to significant historical and educational institutions including the historic Philipse Manor Hall (a New York State Historic Site that houses one of three papier mache ceilings in the United States), The Science Barge, Beczak Environmental Education Center, and a 2003 Yonkers Public Library.[11]
Many southwesterners are of African, Caribbean, Italian, or Hispanic descent while an influx those from other cultural backgrounds has continued to shape a culturally diverse community. Some neighborhoods right on the Riverdale border are increasingly becoming home to Orthodox Jews. The revitalization of the downtown Yonkers/Getty Square area has helped to nurture growth for Southwest Yonkers.
In the early 2000s several new luxury apartment buildings were built along the Hudson. There is also a new "Sculpture Meadow on the Hudson," renovation of a Victorian-era pier, and a new public library housed in the remodeled Otis elevator factory. Peter Kelly's award-winning fine dining restaurant X20 - Xaviars on Hudson is located at the renovated pier with much success.[12][13] There are new proposals along with the current projects which are intended to revitalize downtown Yonkers.
Transportation[link]
Mass transit[link]
Yonkers has the eighth-highest rate of public transit ridership among cities in the United States. It has four Hudson Line Metro-North Railroad stations providing commuter service to New York City: Ludlow, Yonkers, Glenwood and Greystone. The Yonkers station is also served by Amtrak. Several Harlem Line stations are on or very near the city's eastern border. These include Wakefield, Mt. Vernon West, Fleetwood, Bronxville, Tuckahoe and Crestwood.
Bus service is provided by the Westchester County Bee-Line Bus System, and an MTA Bus Company express route to Manhattan.
New York Water Taxi formerly operated a ferry service from downtown Yonkers to Manhattan's Financial District, but it ceased in December 2009.[14]
Roads and paths[link]
Major limited-access roads in Yonkers include Interstate 87 (the New York State Thruway), the Saw Mill, Bronx River, Sprain Brook and Cross County parkways. US 9, NY 9A and 100 are important surface streets.
The former New York and Putnam Railroad running through the middle of Yonkers has been converted into a paved walking and bicycling path, called the South County Trailway. It runs north-south in Yonkers from the Hastings-on-Hudson border in the north to the Bronx border in the south at Van Cortlandt Park.
The historic Croton Aqueduct tunnel has a hard-packed dirt trail running above it for most of its length in Yonkers, with a few on-street routes near Getty Square.
Education[link]
Public schools in Yonkers are operated by Yonkers Public Schools.
Libraries are operated by the Yonkers Public Library.
The Japanese School of New York was located in Yonkers for one year. On August 18, 1991 the school moved to Yonkers from Queens, New York City. On September 1, 1992 classes began at its current location in Greenwich, Connecticut.[15] St. Peter's Catholic Elementary School at 204 Hawthorne Avenue, founded by the Sisters of Charity, celebrated its 100th anniversary in September 2011
Politics and Government[link]
Yonkers is typically a Democratic stronghold just like the rest of Westchester County and most of New York state, but until recently it had a Republican lean. In 1992, Yonkers voted for George H. W. Bush over Bill Clinton and Ross Perot for president, but has voted solidly Democratic ever since. That said, recent mayors of Yonkers have included Republicans Phil Amicone and John Spencer, while the Yonkers City Council was also mostly controlled by Republicans until recent years. In the State Assembly, Yonkers is represented by Democrats J. Gary Pretlow and Mike Spano, and in the New York State Senate, by Democrats Andrea Stewart-Cousins and Jeffrey Klein. At the federal level, Democrats hold both congressional districts that include parts of Yonkers, with representatives Eliot Engel and Nita Lowey holding the seats as of 2011.
Yonkers is governed via a mayor council system. The council consists of six members each elected from one of six districts. The mayor and city council president are elected in a citywide vote.
Fire department[link]
The city of Yonkers is protected 24/7, 365 by the professional firefighters of the city of Yonkers Fire Department (YFD). Founded in 1896, the YFD operates out of 12 Fire Stations, located throughout the city in 2 Battalions. The Yonkers Fire Department also operates a fire apparatus fleet of 11 Engines(including 1 Squad Engine), 6 Ladders, 1 Rescue, 1 Mask Service Unit, 1 Collapse Unit, 1 Foam Unit, 1 Fire Investigation Unit, 1 Urban Search and Rescue Unit, 1 Field Command Unit, 1 Field Communications Unit, 1 Safety Battalion Unit, 1 Water Tender, and numerous other special, support, and reserve/spare units. The YFD responds to over 16,000 emergency calls annually. The current Fire Commissioner is George Kielb.
Fire station locations and apparatus[link]
| Engine Company | Ladder Company | Special Unit | Battalion Chief | Address |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tower Ladder 71 | Rescue 1, MSU. 1, Safety Battalion | 7 New School St. | ||
| Engine 303 | Battalion 1 | 96 Vark St. | ||
| Engine 304 | Ladder 74 | 36 Radford St. | ||
| Engine 306 | 81 Oak St. | |||
| Engine 307 | Fire Investigation Unit | 441 Central Park Ave. | ||
| Engine 308 | Fireboat 1 | 571 Warburton Ave. | ||
| Engine 309 | Ladder 72 | 53 Shonnard Pl. | ||
| Engine 310 | 573 Saw Mill River Rd. | |||
| Squad 11 | Collapse Unit | 433 Bronxville Rd. | ||
| Engine 312 | Tower Ladder 75 | Battalion 2 | 75 Fortfield Ave. | |
| Engine 313 | Ladder 73 | Foam Unit | 340 Kimball Ave. | |
| Engine 314 | Ladder 70 | 2187 Central Park Ave. |
- Note - The Yonkers Fire Department also operates 3 Spare Engines, 3 Reserve Engines, 3 Spare Ladders, 3 Reserve Ladders, 1 Reserve Squad, and 1 Reserve Rescue. Engine 300(Spare) is quartered with Engine 312, Tower Ladder 75, and Battalion 2; Engine 315(Spare) is quartered with Engine 304 and Ladder 74; Engine 318(Spare) is quartered with Engine 314 and Ladder 70; Ladder 76(Spare) is quartered with Engine 307; Tower Ladder 81(Spare) is quartered with Engine 303; Engine's 316, 317, and 319(Reserve) are all located at the Special Operations Division at 460 Nepperhan Ave., as are Ladder 77(Reserve), Ladder 78(Reserve), Ladder 79(Reserve), Tower Ladder 80(Spare), Squad 21(Reserve), Rescue 2(Reserve), and the Special Operations Units. All antique fire apparatus, used for parades, are located at Engine 308's quarters.
Revitalization[link]
Amidst a growing need for increased economic viability in Yonkers, a vast revitalization project proposal, promising to add luxury housing, waterfront development, commercial and retail space, has been designed for the city. With hopes of increasing the city's tourism and economic importance in the state and county, the project is one of the largest revitalization projects ever proposed for any locality within the New York Metropolitan Area, totaling more than $3 billion.[16]
The project is headed by Westchester County's Louis R. Cappelli, Struever Bros. of Baltimore, and New Jersey's Fidelco Realty. The project is expected to include a Minor League Baseball stadium, New Yonkers Fire Department Headquarters Building (Station 1), and an expansive retail and residential project, adding approximately 800 residential units throughout the downtown area and the waterfront.
Notable natives and residents[link]
- Carlos Alazraqui - American actor, stand-up comedian, impressionist & voice actor
- Anthrax - Famous and influential thrash metal band associated with Big Four (alongside with Metallica, Slayer, Megadeth)
- Edwin Howard Armstrong - transmitted first FM radio broadcast
- David Berkowitz - notable serial killer known as the Son of Sam
- James Blake - tennis player
- Mary J. Blige - Singer
- John Breen - Magician / Professional Bull Rider
- Mike Breen - sports broadcaster
- Billy Burch- professional hockey player
- Sid Caesar - actor/composer/writer
- Robert Celestino - writer/director
- Dave Costa - Saunders HS 1957-59, NFL 4-time Pro Bowler
- Cathy DeBuono - actress/psychotherapist/radio show host for LA Talk
- Doug DeWitt - professional boxer
- DMX - rapper/actor
- Tiziano Thomas Dossena - Writer/editor
- Tommy Dreamer - professional wrestler
- Rudolf Eickemeyer, Jr. - Pictorialist photographer
- Ella Fitzgerald - jazz singer
- Thomas Mikal Ford - actor
- Frances Foster - actress
- Ron Garan - Astronaut
- Tawny Godin - Miss America 1976
- W.C. Handy - composer and musician
- Lewis Hine - photographer
- Joe Howard - actor
- Immolation - Influential death metal band
- Ethel D. Jacobs - thoroughbred racehorse owner
- Jadakiss - Rapper from D-Block
- Ekrem Jevrić - Montenegrin singer/rapper
- Eddie Kingston - professional wrestler
- Gene Krupa - jazz musician
- Joe Lapchick - basketball coach
- Stagga Lee - musician
- Henrietta Wells Livermore - women's suffragist leader
- Sheek Louch - Rapper
- Richard Masur - actor
- Lawrence Monoson - actor
- Cathy Moriarty - actress
- Elisha Otis - Inventor of Elevators and Otis Elevator Company
- Outasight -singer/rapper
- Erik Palladino - actor
- Eulace Peacock - American track and field athlete who defeated Jesse Owens in sprints
- Patrick Quinlan - author
- Will Rahmer - musician
- Sally Regenhard - community activist
- Vincent Richards - professional tennis player
- Steve Ridzik - professional baseball player
- Adam Rodriguez - actor
- Betty Shabazz - widow of civil rights leader Malcolm X
- Bill Shaw - Selected into 1st New York State High School Softball Hall of Fame Induction Class
- Charles Proteus Steinmetz - German-American mathematician and electrical engineer
- Joseph Stilwell - U.S. Army General during World War I and World War II
- Styles P - Rapper
- Brian Sweeney - professional baseball player
- Chris Sullivan - musician & songwriter (bands the Penetrators, the Beat Farmers) session musician
- Chip Taylor - songwriter (brother of Jon Voight)
- Paul Teutul, Sr. - founder of Orange County Choppers and reality television personality on American Chopper.
- George Thomas - novelist/poet, improv comedian
- Samuel J. Tilden - former Governor of New York and winner of the popular vote in the disputed Presidential Election of 1876.
- Steven Tyler - musician (band Aerosmith) and permanent judge on American Idol
- Jon Voight - actor (father of actress Angelina Jolie)
- Elsie B. Washington - author
- Tom Wolk musician (Hall & Oats) session musician
- George Wright - baseball pioneer
- Gordon G.G. Gebert - musician/author
- Avery Storm - R&B Singer
In the media[link]
In the Depression-era film Don't Tell the Wife (1937) Guy Kibbee's character, Malcolm J. Winthrop, lives in Yonkers. One of the characters jokes that going to jail is "better than Yonkers."
Yonkers is the setting of two feature films by local filmmaker Robert Celestino: Mr. Vincent, a 1997 Sundance Film Festival entrant in the non-competition Spectrum section, and Yonkers Joe, a scheduled 2009 release by Magnolia Pictures, starring Chazz Palminteri and Christine Lahti.[17][18] Yonkers' locations also provide the setting for A Tale of Two Pizzas, a "Romeo and Juliet" theme played out among two rival pizza owners.
Yonkers' decades-long struggle with racial discrimination and housing segregation was described in a documentary, "Brick by Brick: A Civil Rights Story," seen on PBS stations in 2007.
The film "Doubt", starring Meryl Streep as Sister Aloysius Beauvier, filmed scenes for this movie at St. Marks Lutheran Church's school. Yonkers is also the location for many major filming projects: Catch Me if You Can, with Tom Hanks and Leonardo DiCaprio; Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind, with Jim Carrey and Kate Winslet; Mona Lisa Smile, with Julia Roberts; A Beautiful Mind, with Russell Crowe, Big Daddy, with Adam Sandler, The Preacher's Wife (a remake of "The Bishop's Wife), with Denzel Washington and Whitney Houston; and Kate and Leopold, with Meg Ryan and Hugh Jackman. Some episodes of the new TV series Fringe were taped in the downtown. The City Hall Courtroom is also the setting for many film and commercial scenes.
The starting scene from Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind where Joel Barish played by Jim Carrey drives his car up Riverdale Ave. and then turns right on Valentine Lane to his apartment.
In Max Brooks's novel, World War Z, the US armed forces are defeated in the Battle of Yonkers by an army of zombies.
Steve Meretzky created several Infocom games, such as Sorcerer. One of the spells in that game, "Yonk", is named after Yonkers.
Dunder Mifflin, the fictional paper supply company from NBC's The Office at one time had a branch in Yonkers, but the branch was closed during the course of the show.
Yonkers is one of the settings in the musical Hello Dolly!
A character in the musical Gypsy: A Musical Fable is named after Yonkers.
Neil Simon wrote a play entitled Lost In Yonkers, set in the city. The story is about two young boys during World War II, whose father leaves them with their grandmother in Yonkers so he can earn money for the family.
In the episode "The One With Ross' Tan" of Friends, Yonkers is mentioned as the town where Monica and Phoebe's old friend, Amanda Bouvamonteezi, is from.
In the episode "The Handcuffs" of I Love Lucy, Mr Walters, the locksmith, has to return to his house in Yonkers.
In the Twilight Zone episode "What's In The Box" a philandering cab driver, played by William Demarest, tells his wife he was late coming home because he had to take a "fare" up to Yonkers.
Yonkers was shown on A Shot at Love 2 with Tila Tequila as it was contestant Kristy's hometown.
Yonkers is mentioned in Bon Jovi's song Raise Your Hands.
Yonkers was mentioned in the Family Guy Episode:"Stew-Roids" in a cutaway about a Charles Paumpert Movie: Distracting Trumpet.
Yonkers is mentioned in an episode of the show Grounded for Life, where character Lily Finnerty is supposedly going for a party.
In the 2010 film "Bounty Hunter," Gerard Butler's character Milo Boyd tells Jennifer Aniston's character Nicole Houston of a "great pizza place on Yonkers."
In the 2011 film "MIB III (Men In Black 3) Will take place in Radio Shack in Cross County.
American Idol Season 10 Contestant Melinda Ademi lives in Yonkers.
In the White Collar episode "Book of Hours" the character "Burrelli" mentions his vet in Yonkers.
In 2011, rapper Tyler, The Creator of Odd Future released his song "Yonkers" as the second single from his sophomore album Goblin.[19] The song's music video has gone viral and currently has 44,312,977 views as of May 30, 2012.[20]
On October 21, 2011, filming was done for the movie Disconnect (2012) at the Cross County Shopping Center in Yonkers.
Twin towns - sister cities[link]
Yonkers is twinned with:
See also[link]
- Jonkheer
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Yonkers, New York
- Westchester County, New York
References[link]
- ^ a b "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. http://geonames.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ^ Paul Dickson (Wordsmith.org)
- ^ "American Fact Finder". U.S. Census Bureau. http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_PL_QTPL&prodType=table. Retrieved 2011-03-24.
- ^ "Yonkers (city), New York". State & County QuickFacts. U.S. Census Bureau. http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/36/3684000.html.
- ^ "New York - Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990". U.S. Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html.
- ^ Erik says: (2009-08-19). "Interactive Map: Dutch Place Names in New York | Dutch New York". Thirteen.org. http://www.thirteen.org/dutchny/interactives/dutch-place-names-in-new-york-city/6/. Retrieved 2011-09-16.
- ^ Fallon, Bill (March 3, 2008). “Industrial Arts: Carpet Mills Become Studio Central.” Westchester County Business Journal, p. 49.
- ^ No apparent relation to Colt's Patent Firearms. Clymer, Floyd. Treasury of Early American Automobiles, 1877-1925 (New York: Bonanza Books, 1950), p.63.
- ^ Riverdale Hatzalah
- ^ "Welcome to the Yonkers Public Library!-Hours and Directions". Ypl.org. 2008-12-07. Archived from the original on July 29, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080729014156/http://www.ypl.org/hoursanddirec.htm#RIV. Retrieved 2009-05-06.
- ^ Johnson, Liz (3 Feb 2010). ‘No Reservations’ Hudson Valley Style: Tony Bourdain and Bill Murray Dine at X20. "Small Bites: Food Finds in the Lower Hudson Valley". Accessed 6 Feb 2011.
- ^ X2O Xaviars On The Hudson. Xaviars Restaurant Group. Accessed 6 Feb 2011.
- ^ New York Water Taxi. "Ferry Between Manhattan and Yonkers Is Set to Stop", New York Times. Retrieved September 24, 2011.
- ^ "本校の歩み." The Japanese School of New York. Retrieved on January 10, 2012. "1980.12.22 Queens Ｆlushing校に移転。" and "1991.8.18. Westchester Yonkers校へ移転。" and "1992.9.1 Connecticut Greenwich校へ移転。 授業開始。"
- ^ "yonkersecondev.com". yonkersecondev.com. http://www.yonkersecondev.com/home.php. Retrieved 2009-05-06.
- ^ Filmmaker: "Tribeca Director Interview: Robert Celestino, Yonkers Joe", April 23, 2008
- ^ Magnolia Pictures: Yonkers Joe press notes
- ^ http://rapfix.mtv.com/2011/02/11/tyler-the-creator-gets-odd-in-yonkers/
- ^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XSbZidsgMfw
- ^ Kamza binjakëzim me Yonkers, INA, 2011-10-28 (in Albanian)
- ^ Hodara, Susan (Sunday, October 26, 2008). "Communities; Cities Find Sisters Abroad". © The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0DE2DD143FF932A3575AC0A9649C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all. Retrieved 2008-10-26.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Yonkers, New York |
- Yonkers official website
- Yonkers at the Open Directory Project
- The website for exhibits and events at Philipse Manor Hall
- The website of the Yonkers Historical Society
- Yonkers Arts - a source for all cultural and artistic events in Yonkers and a Directory of Yonkers Artists
- Hudson River Museum
- Beczak Environmental Education Center
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yonkers,_New_York
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
"NY" redirects here. For other uses, see NY (disambiguation).
This article is about the U.S. state. For the city, see New York City. For other uses, see New York (disambiguation).
| State of New York | |||||
|
|||||
| Nickname(s): The Empire State | |||||
| Motto(s): Excelsior (Latin)[1] Ever upward |
|||||
 |
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| Demonym | New Yorker | ||||
| Capital | Albany | ||||
| Largest city | New York City | ||||
| Largest metro area | New York City Metropolitan Area | ||||
| Area | Ranked 27th in the U.S. | ||||
| - Total | 54,556[2] sq mi (141,300 km2) |
||||
| - Width | 285 miles (455 km) | ||||
| - Length | 330 miles (530 km) | ||||
| - % water | 13.5 | ||||
| - Latitude | 40° 30′ N to 45° 1′ N | ||||
| - Longitude | 71° 51′ W to 79° 46′ W | ||||
| Population | Ranked 3rd in the U.S. | ||||
| - Total | 19,465,197 (2011 est)[3] | ||||
| - Density | 412/sq mi (159/km2) Ranked 7th in the U.S. |
||||
| Elevation | |||||
| - Highest point | Mount Marcy[4][5][6] 5,343 ft (1628.57 m) |
||||
| - Mean | 1,000 ft (300 m) | ||||
| - Lowest point | Atlantic Ocean[5][6] sea level |
||||
| Admission to Union | July 26, 1788 (11th) | ||||
| Governor | Andrew Cuomo (D) | ||||
| Lieutenant Governor | Robert Duffy (D) | ||||
| Legislature | New York Legislature | ||||
| - Upper house | State Senate | ||||
| - Lower house | State Assembly | ||||
| U.S. Senators | Charles Schumer (D) Kirsten Gillibrand (D) |
||||
| U.S. House delegation | 21 Democrats, 8 Republicans (list) |
||||
| Time zone | Eastern: UTC-5/-4 | ||||
| Abbreviations | NY US-NY | ||||
| Website | www.ny.gov | ||||
New York (/njuː ˈjɔrk/; locally IPA: [nɪu ˈjɔək] or [nuː ˈjɔɹk] (
listen)) is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. New York is the 27th most extensive, the 3rd most populous, and the 7th most densely populated of the 50 United States. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east. The state has a maritime border with Rhode Island east of Long Island, as well as an international border with the Canadian provinces of Ontario to the west and north, and Quebec to the north. The state of New York is often referred to as New York State to distinguish it from New York City.
New York City, with a population of over 8.1 million, is the most populous city in the United States. Alone, it makes up over 40 percent of the population of New York state. It is known for its status as a center for finance and culture and for its status as the largest gateway for immigration to the United States. According to the U.S. Department of Commerce, New York City is also a destination of choice for many foreign visitors. Both the state and city were named for the 17th century Duke of York, James Stuart, future James II and VII of England and Scotland.
New York was inhabited by various tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian speaking Native American tribes at the time Dutch settlers moved into the region in the early 17th century. In 1609, the region was first claimed by Henry Hudson for the Dutch. Fort Nassau was built near the site of the present-day capital of Albany in 1614. The Dutch soon also settled New Amsterdam and parts of the Hudson River Valley, establishing the colony of New Netherland. The British took over the colony by annexation in 1664.
The borders of the British colony, the Province of New York, were roughly similar to those of the present-day state. About one third of all the battles of the Revolutionary War took place in New York. The state constitution was enacted in 1777. New York became the 11th state to ratify the United States Constitution, on July 26, 1788.
Contents |
History[link]
Main article: History of New York
17th century[link]
See also: Province of New York
Henry Hudson's 1609 voyage marked the beginning of the European involvement with that area. Sailing for the Dutch East India Company and looking for a passage to Asia, he entered the Upper New York Bay on September 11 of that year. After his return word of his findings quickly spread and Dutch merchants began to explore the coast in search for profitable fur trade. During the 17th century, Dutch trading posts established for the trade of pelts from the Lenape, Iroquois and other indigenous peoples expanded into the colony of New Netherland. The first of these trading posts were Fort Nassau (1614, near present-day Albany); Fort Orange (1624, on the Hudson River just south of the current city of Albany and created to replace Fort Nassau), developing into settlement Beverwijck (1647), and into what became Albany; Fort Amsterdam (1625, to develop into the town New Amsterdam which is present-day New York City); and Esopus, (1653, now Kingston). The success of the patroonship of Rensselaerswyck (1630), which surrounded Albany and lasted until the mid 19th century, was also a key factor in the early success of the colony. The English captured the colony during the Second Anglo-Dutch War and governed it as the Province of New York. The city of New York was recaptured by the Dutch once again in 1673 during the Third Anglo-Dutch War (1672–1674) and renamed New Orange, but returned to the English under the terms of the Treaty of Westminster a year later.[7]
American Revolution[link]
The Sons of Liberty were organized in New York City during the 1760s, largely in response to the oppressive Stamp Act passed by the British Parliament in 1765. The Stamp Act Congress met in the city on October 19 of that year: a gathering of representatives from across the Thirteen Colonies that set the stage for the Continental Congress to follow. The Stamp Act Congress resulted in the Declaration of Rights and Grievances, which was the first written expression by representatives of the Americans of many of the rights and complaints later expressed in the United States Declaration of Independence, including the right to representative government.
The Capture of Fort Ticonderoga provided the cannon and gunpowder necessary to force a British withdrawal from the Siege of Boston in 1775.
New York endorsed the Declaration of Independence on July 9, 1776.[8] The New York state constitution was framed by a convention which assembled at White Plains, New York on July 10, 1776, and after repeated adjournments and changes of location, terminated its labors at Kingston, New York on Sunday evening, April 20, 1777, when the new constitution drafted by John Jay was adopted with but one dissenting vote. It was not submitted to the people for ratification. On July 30, 1777, George Clinton was inaugurated as the first Governor of New York at Kingston.
The first major battle of the American Revolutionary War after independence was declared—and the largest battle of the entire war—was fought in New York at the Battle of Long Island (a.k.a. Battle of Brooklyn) in August 1776. British victory made New York City their military and political base of operations in North America for the duration of the conflict, and consequently the center of attention for General George Washington's intelligence network.
The notorious British prison ships of Wallabout Bay saw more American combatants die of intentional neglect than were killed in combat in every battle of the war, combined.
The first of two major British armies were captured by the Continental Army at the Battle of Saratoga in 1777, influencing France to ally with the revolutionaries.
In an attempt to retain their sovereignty and remain an independent nation positioned between the new United States and British North America, four of the Iroquois nations fought on the side of the British; only the Oneidas and their dependents the Tuscaroras allied themselves to the Americans.[9] The Sullivan Expedition of 1778 and 1779 destroyed nearly 50 Iroquois villages and adjacent croplands, forcing many refugees to British-held Niagara.[10] As allies of the British, the Iroquois were resettled in Canada after the war. In the treaty settlement, the British ceded most Indian lands to the new United States. Because New York made treaty with the Iroquois without getting Congressional approval, some of the land purchases are the subject of modern-day claims by the individual tribes. More than 5 million acres (20,000 km2) of former Iroquois territory was put up for sale in the years after the Revolutionary War, leading to rapid development in upstate New York.[11] As per the Treaty of Paris, the last vestige of British authority in the former Thirteen Colonies—their troops in New York City—departed in 1783, which was long afterwards celebrated as Evacuation Day.[12]
Following heated debate, which included the publication of the now quintessential constitutional interpretation—the Federalist Papers—as a series of installments in New York City newspapers, New York was the 11th state to ratify the United States Constitution, on July 26, 1788.[13]
19th century[link]
Transportation in western New York was difficult before canals were built in the early part of the 19th century. The Hudson and Mohawk Rivers could be navigated only as far as Central New York. While the St. Lawrence River could be navigated to Lake Ontario, the way westward to the other Great Lakes was blocked by Niagara Falls, and so the only route to western New York was over land.
Governor DeWitt Clinton strongly advocated building a canal to connect the Hudson River with Lake Erie, and thus all the Great Lakes. Work commenced in 1817, and the Erie Canal was finished in 1825. It was considered an engineering marvel. Packet boats traveled up and down the canal with sightseers and visitors on board.[14] The canal opened up vast areas of New York to commerce and settlement. It enabled Great Lakes port cities such as Buffalo and Rochester to grow and prosper. It also connected the burgeoning agricultural production of the Midwest and shipping on the Great Lakes, with the port of New York City. Improving transportation, it enabled additional population migration to territories west of New York.
Ellis Island[link]
Main article: Ellis Island
Ellis Island was the main facility for immigrants, entering the United States in the late 19th century to the mid 20th century. It was opened when the federal government took over the responsibility for processing immigrants, prior to that it was the responsibility of the states. It replaced the prior New York State immigration center located at Castle Clinton, a War of 1812 era fort located in what is today Battery Park, through which at least 8 million immigrants such as Harry Houdini, passed through from 1855–1890.[15]
Ellis Island operated as an immigration center from January 1, 1892, until November 12, 1954. It is owned by the Federal government and is now part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument, under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service. It is situated in New York Harbor, between two states and cities, Jersey City, New Jersey and New York City, New York.
More than 12 million immigrants passed through Ellis Island, between 1892 and 1954. After 1924, when the National Origins Act was passed, the only immigrants to pass through there were displaced persons or war refugees.[16] Today, over 100 million Americans can trace their ancestry to the immigrants, who first arrived in America through Castle Clinton and Ellis Island, before dispersing to points all over the country. Ellis Island was the subject of a border dispute between New York State and New Jersey. The issue was settled in 1998 by the U.S. Supreme Court which ruled that the original 3.3 acre island was New York State territory and that the balance of the 27.5 acres (11 ha) added after 1834 by landfill was in New Jersey.
Statue of Liberty[link]
Main article: Statue of Liberty
The Statue of Liberty, designed by Frédéric Bartholdi, was a gift from France to the United States to mark the Centennial of the American Declaration of Independence. The idea of giving a colossal representation of republican virtues to a "sister" republic, across the sea, served as a focus for the republican cause against other politicians. The Statue of Liberty was dedicated in New York Harbor on October 28, 1886.
Liberty Island closed on September 11, 2001; the island reopened in December, the monument reopened on August 3, 2004, but the statue remained closed until the summer of 2009. The National Park Service claims that the statue is not shut because of a terrorist threat, but principally because of a long list of fire regulation contraventions, including inadequate evacuation procedures. The museum and ten-story pedestal are open for visitors, but are only accessible if visitors have a "Monument Access Pass", which is a reservation that visitors must make in advance of their visit and pick up before boarding the ferry. There are a maximum of 3000 passes available each day, with a total of 15,000 visitors to the island daily. The interior of the statue remains closed, although a glass ceiling in the pedestal allows for views of Gustave Eiffel's iron framework of Lady Liberty.
Geography[link]
Main article: Geography of New York
New York covers 54,556 square miles (141,300 km2) and ranks as the 27th largest state by size.[2] The Great Appalachian Valley dominates eastern New York, while Lake Champlain is the chief northern feature of the valley, which also includes the Hudson River flowing southward to the Atlantic Ocean. The rugged Adirondack Mountains, with vast tracts of wilderness, lie west of the valley.
Most of the southern part of the state is on the Allegheny Plateau, which rises from the southeast to the Catskill Mountains. The western section of the state is drained by the Allegheny River and rivers of the Susquehanna and Delaware systems. The Delaware River Basin Compact, signed in 1961 by New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and the federal government, regulates the utilization of water of the Delaware system. The highest elevation in New York is Mount Marcy in the Adirondacks.[17]
New York's borders touch (clockwise from the west) two Great Lakes (Erie and Ontario, which are connected by the Niagara River); the provinces of Ontario and Quebec in Canada; Lake Champlain; three New England states (Vermont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut); the Atlantic Ocean, and two Mid-Atlantic States, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. In addition, Rhode Island shares a water border with New York. New York is the only state that touches both the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean, and is the second-largest of the original Thirteen Colonies.
In contrast with New York City's urban atmosphere, the vast majority of the state is dominated by farms, forests, rivers, mountains, and lakes. New York's Adirondack Park is the largest state park in the United States. It is larger than the Yellowstone, Yosemite, Grand Canyon, Glacier and Olympic National Parks combined.[18] New York established the first state park in the United States at Niagara Falls in 1885. Niagara Falls, on the Niagara River as it flows from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario, is a popular attraction.
The Hudson River begins at Lake Tear of the Clouds and flows south through the eastern part of the state without draining Lakes George or Champlain. Lake George empties at its north end into Lake Champlain, whose northern end extends into Canada, where it drains into the Richelieu and then the St. Lawrence Rivers. Four of New York City's five boroughs are on three islands at the mouth of the Hudson River: Manhattan Island; Staten Island; and Long Island, which contains Brooklyn and Queens on its western end.
Upstate and downstate are often used informally to distinguish New York City or its greater metropolitan area from the rest of New York State. The placement of a boundary between the two is a matter of great contention.[19] Unofficial and loosely defined regions of Upstate New York include the Southern Tier, which often includes the counties along the border with Pennsylvania,[20] and the North Country, which can mean anything from the strip along the Canadian border to everything north of the Mohawk River.[21]
Climate[link]
Main article: Climate of New York
In general, New York has a humid continental climate, though under the Köppen climate classification, New York City has a humid subtropical climate.[22] Weather in New York is heavily influenced by two continental air masses: a warm, humid one from the southwest and a cold, dry one from the northwest.
The winters are long and cold in the Plateau Divisions of the state. In the majority of winter seasons, a temperature of −13 °F (−25 °C) or lower can be expected in the northern highlands (Northern Plateau) and 5 °F (−15 °C) or colder in the southwestern and east-central highlands (Southern Plateau). The summer climate is cool in the Adirondacks, Catskills and higher elevations of the Southern Plateau.
The New York City/Long Island area and lower portions of the Hudson Valley have rather warm summers by comparison, with some periods of high, uncomfortable humidity. The remainder of New York State enjoys pleasantly warm summers, marred by only occasional, brief intervals of sultry conditions. Summer daytime temperatures usually range from the upper 70s to mid 80s °F (25 to 30 °C), over much of the state.
New York ranks 46th among the 50 states in the amount of greenhouse gases generated per person. This relative efficiency is primarily due to the state's higher rate of mass transit use.[23]
Monthly Normal High and Low Temperatures For Various New York Cities[24] (Fahrenheit) City Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Albany max
min31
1334
1644
2557
3670
4678
5582
6080
5871
5060
3948
3136
20Binghamton max
min28
1531
1741
2553
3566
4673
5478
5976
5768
5057
4044
3133
21Buffalo max
min31
1833
1942
2654
3666
4875
5780
6278
6070
5359
4347
3436
24Lake Placid max
min27
532
840
1654
2966
3974
4878
5376
5169
4456
3444
2532
12Long Beach max
min39
2340
2448
3158
4069
4977
6083
6682
6475
5764
4554
3644
28New York City max
min38
2641
2850
3561
4471
5479
6384
6982
6875
6064
5053
4143
32Rochester max
min31
1733
1743
2555
3568
4677
5581
6079
5971
5160
4147
3336
23Syracuse max
min31
1434
1643
2456
3568
4677
5582
6080
5971
5160
4047
3236
21
Monthly Normal High and Low Temperatures For Various New York Cities (Celsius) City Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Albany max
min−1
−111
−97
−414
221
826
1328
1627
1422
1016
49
−12
−7Binghamton max
min−2
−9−1
−85
−412
219
823
1226
1524
1420
1014
47
−11
−6Buffalo max
min−1
−81
−76
−312
219
924
1427
1726
1621
1215
68
12
−4Lake Placid max
min−3
−150
−134
−912
−219
423
926
1224
1121
713
17
−40
−11Long Beach max
min4
−54
−49
−114
421
925
1628
1928
1824
1418
712
27
−2New York City max
min3
−35
−210
216
722
1226
1729
2128
2024
1618
1012
56
0Rochester max
min−1
−81
−86
−413
220
825
1327
1626
1522
1116
58
12
−5Syracuse max
min−1
−101
−96
−413
220
825
1328
1627
1522
1116
48
02
−6Converted from Fahrenheit data (above)
State parks[link]
See also: List of New York state parks and New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation
New York has many state parks and two major forest preserves. Adirondack Park, roughly the size of the state of Vermont and the largest state park in the United States, was established in 1892 and given state constitutional protection to remain "forever wild" in 1894. The thinking that led to the creation of the Park first appeared in George Perkins Marsh's Man and Nature, published in 1864. Marsh argued that deforestation could lead to desertification; referring to the clearing of once-lush lands surrounding the Mediterranean, he asserted "the operation of causes set in action by man has brought the face of the earth to a desolation almost as complete as that of the moon."
The Catskill Park was protected in legislation passed in 1885,[25] which declared that its land was to be conserved and never put up for sale or lease. Consisting of 700,000 acres (2,800 km2) of land,[25] the park is a habitat for bobcats, minks and fishers. There are some 400 black bears living in the region. The state operates numerous campgrounds and there are over 300 miles (480 km) of multi-use trails in the Park.
The Montauk Point State Park boasts the 1797 Montauk Lighthouse, commissioned under President George Washington, which is a major tourist attraction on the easternmost tip of Long Island. Hither Hills park offers camping and is a popular destination with surfcasting sport fishermen.
Counties[link]
Main article: List of counties in New York
See also: Administrative divisions of New York
New York is divided into 62 counties:
Regions[link]
Main article: List of regions of the United States#New York
New York State is divided into eleven regions by the Department of Economic Development:[26]
- Chautaugua–Allegheny
- Niagara Frontier
- Finger Lakes
- Thousand Islands
- Central Region (formerly Central-Leatherstocking)
- Adirondack Mountains
- Catskill Mountains
- Hudson Valley
- Capital District
- New York City
- Long Island
New York State is sometimes divided into eight major regions:[27]
New York State is divided into ten regions by the Department of Economic Development:[28]
- Western New York (counties: Niagara, Erie, Chautauqua, Cattaraugus, and Allegany)
- Finger Lakes (counties: Orleans, Genesse, Wyoming, Monroe, Livingston, Wayne, Ontario, Yates, and Seneca)
- Central New York (counties: Cortland, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oswego, and Madison)
- Southern Tier (counties: Steuben, Schuyler, Chemung, Tompkins, Tioga, Chenango, and Broome)
- North Country New York (counties: St. Lawrence, Lewis, Jefferson, Hamilton, Essex, Clinton, and Franklin)
- Capital District (counties: Albany, Columbia, Greene, Warren, Washington, Saratoga, Schenectady, and Rennselaer)
- Mohawk Valley (counties: Oneida, Herkimer, Fulton, Montogomery, Otsego, and Schoharie)
- Hudson Valley (counties: Sullivan, Ulster, Dutchess, Orange, Putnam, Rockland, and Westchester)
- New York City (counties: New York, Bronx, Queens, Kings, and Richmond)
- Long Island (counties: Nassau and Suffolk)
Cities[link]
Main article: List of cities in New York
Further information: List of towns in New York, List of villages in New York, and List of census-designated places in New York
There are 62 cities in New York. The largest city in the state and the most populous city in the United States is New York City, which comprises five counties (boroughs): the Bronx, New York (Manhattan), Queens, Kings (Brooklyn), and Richmond (Staten Island). New York City is home to more than two-fifths of the state's population.
The following are the ten largest cities in New York:[29]
- New York City (8,175,133)
- Buffalo (261,310)
- Rochester (210,565)
- Yonkers (195,976)
- Syracuse (145,170)
- Albany (97,856)
- New Rochelle (77,062)
- Mount Vernon (67,292)
- Schenectady (66,135)
- Utica (62,235)
The location of these cities within the state stays remarkably true to the major transportation and trade routes in the early 19th century, primarily the Erie Canal and railroads paralleling it. Today, Interstate 90 acts as a modern counterpart to commercial water routes.
Grouped by metropolitan statistical area,[30] the following are the twelve largest population centers in the state are:
- New York City (18,897,109 in NY/NJ/PA, 12,368,525 in NY)
- Buffalo-Niagara Falls (1,135,509)
- Rochester (1,054,323)
- Albany and the Capital District (870,716)
- Poughkeepsie and the Hudson Valley (670,301)
- Syracuse (662,577)
- Utica-Rome (299,397)
- Binghamton (251,725)
- Kingston (182,493)
- Glens Falls (128,923)
- Ithaca (101,564)
- Elmira (88,830)
The smallest city is Sherrill, New York, located just west of the Town of Vernon in Oneida County. Albany is the state capital, and the Town of Hempstead is the civil township with the largest population. If it were a city, it would be the second largest in the state with over 700,000 residents.
The southern tip of New York State—New York City, its suburbs including Long Island, the southern portion of the Hudson Valley, and most of northern New Jersey—can be considered to form the central core of the Northeast megalopolis", a super-city stretching from the northern suburbs of Boston south to the Virginia suburbs of Washington D.C..
Demographics[link]
| Historical populations | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1790 | 340,120 |
|
|
| 1800 | 589,051 | 73.2% | |
| 1810 | 959,049 | 62.8% | |
| 1820 | 1,372,812 | 43.1% | |
| 1830 | 1,918,608 | 39.8% | |
| 1840 | 2,428,921 | 26.6% | |
| 1850 | 3,097,394 | 27.5% | |
| 1860 | 3,880,735 | 25.3% | |
| 1870 | 4,382,759 | 12.9% | |
| 1880 | 5,082,871 | 16.0% | |
| 1890 | 6,003,174 | 18.1% | |
| 1900 | 7,268,894 | 21.1% | |
| 1910 | 9,113,614 | 25.4% | |
| 1920 | 10,385,227 | 14.0% | |
| 1930 | 12,588,066 | 21.2% | |
| 1940 | 13,479,142 | 7.1% | |
| 1950 | 14,830,192 | 10.0% | |
| 1960 | 16,782,304 | 13.2% | |
| 1970 | 18,236,967 | 8.7% | |
| 1980 | 17,558,072 | −3.7% | |
| 1990 | 17,990,455 | 2.5% | |
| 2000 | 18,976,457 | 5.5% | |
| 2010 | 19,378,102 | 2.1% | |
| Sources: 1910–2010 1790–1900[31] | |||
Main article: Demographics of New York
Population[link]
The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of New York was 19,465,197 on July 1, 2011, a 0.45% increase since the 2010 United States Census.[3] In spite of the open land in the state, New York's population is very urban, with 92% of residents living in an urban area.[32]
New York is a slowly growing state with a large rate of domestic migration to other states. In 2000 and 2005, more people moved from New York to Florida than from any one state to another.[33] However, New York State is one of the leading destinations for international immigration and thus has the second largest immigrant population in the country of the American states, at 4.2 million as of 2008. Although Upstate New York receives considerable immigration, most of the state's immigrants settle in and around New York City, due to its more vibrant economy and cosmopolitan culture.
The center of population of New York is located in Orange County, in the town of Deerpark.[34] New York City and its eight suburban counties (excluding those in New Jersey, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania) have a combined population of 13,209,006 people, or 68.42% of the state's population.[35]
Racial and ancestral makeup[link]
According to the US Census Bureau, the 2010 racial makeup of New York State was as follows:[36]
- White – 65.7%
- Hispanic or Latino (of any race) – 17.6%
- Black or African American – 15.9%
- Asian – 7.3% (3.0% Chinese, 1.6% Indian, 0.7% Korean, 0.5% Filipino, 0.3% Pakistani, 0.3% Bangladeshi, 0.2% Japanese, 0.1% Vietnamese)
- Two or more races – 3.0%
- Native American/American Indian – 0.6%
The major ancestry groups in New York State are African American (15.8%), Italian (14.4%), Irish (12.9%), German (11.1%) and English (6%).[37] According to a 2004 estimate, 20.4% of the population is foreign-born.
The state's most populous ethnic group, non-Hispanic white, has declined from 94.6% in 1940 to 58.3% in 2010.[36][38]
New York is home to the largest African American population and the second largest Asian American population in the United States. In addition it is home to the largest Puerto Rican, Dominican and Jamaican American populations in the continental United States. The New York City neighborhood of Harlem has historically been a major cultural capital for African-Americans of sub-Saharan descent, and Bedford Stuyvesant is the largest such population in the United States.
Queens, also in New York City, is home to the state's largest Asian-American population, and is also the most diverse county in the United States. The second highest volume of Asian-Americans is in Manhattan's Chinatown. The neighborhood of Flushing in Queens is also a prime center of Chinese and Korean populations, as well as businesses owned by and catering to its' Asian-American community. Queens is home to the largest Andean population (Colombian, Ecuadorian, Peruvian and Bolivian) population in the United States.
In the 2000 Census, Italian Americans made up the largest ancestral group in Staten Island and Long Island, followed by Irish Americans. Albany and southeast-central New York also have populations with many of Irish-American and Italian-American descent. In Buffalo and western New York, German Americans are the largest group; in the northern tip of the state, French Canadians are. Americans of English ancestry are present throughout all of upstate New York. New York State has a higher number of Italian Americans than any other U.S. state.
6.5% of New York's population were under 5 years of age, 24.7% under 18, and 12.9% were 65 or older. Females made up 51.8% of the population.
According to the 2000 U.S. Census, 13.61% of the population aged 5 and over speak Spanish at home, while 2.04% speak Chinese (including Cantonese and Mandarin), 1.65% Italian, and 1.23% Russian.[39]
Largest cities[link]
|
Largest cities or towns of New York http://www.citypopulation.de/USA-NewYork.html |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | City name | County | Pop. | ||||||
 New York |
1 | New York | multiple | 8,175,133 |  Rochester |
||||
| 2 | Buffalo | Erie | 261,310 | ||||||
| 3 | Rochester | Monroe | 210,565 | ||||||
| 4 | Yonkers | Westchester | 195,976 | ||||||
| 5 | Syracuse | Onondaga | 145,170 | ||||||
| 6 | Albany | Albany | 97,856 | ||||||
| 7 | New Rochelle | Westchester | 77,062 | ||||||
| 8 | Cheektowaga | Erie | 75,178 | ||||||
| 9 | Mount Vernon | Westchester | 67,292 | ||||||
| 10 | Schenectady | Schenectady | 66,135 | ||||||
Religion[link]
Catholics comprise more than 40% of the population in New York.[40] Protestants are 30% of the population, Jews 8.4%, Muslims 3.5%, Buddhists 1%, and 13% claim no religious affiliation. The largest Protestant denominations are the United Methodist Church with 403,362; the American Baptist Churches USA with 203,297; and the Episcopal Church with 201,797 adherents.[41]
Economy[link]
Main article: Economy of New York
New York's gross state product in 2010 was $1.16 trillion, ranking third in size behind the larger states of California and Texas.[43] If New York were an independent nation, it would rank as the 16th largest economy in the world behind Turkey. Its 2007 per capita personal income was $46,364, placing it sixth in the nation behind Maryland, and eighth in the world behind Ireland. New York's agricultural outputs are dairy products, cattle and other livestock, vegetables, nursery stock, and apples. Its industrial outputs are printing and publishing, scientific instruments, electric equipment, machinery, chemical products, and tourism.
A recent review by the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities found 13 states, including several of the nation's largest, face budget shortfalls for FY2009. New York faces a deficit that could be as large as $4.3 billion.[44]
New York exports a wide variety of goods such as foodstuffs, commodities, minerals, computers and electronics, cut diamonds, and automobile parts. In 2007, the state exported a total of $71.1 billion worth of goods, with the five largest foreign export markets being Canada ($15 billion), United Kingdom ($6 billion), Switzerland ($5.9 billion), Israel ($4.9 billion), and Hong Kong ($3.4 billion). New York's largest imports are oil, gold, aluminum, natural gas, electricity, rough diamonds, and lumber.
Canada is a very important economic partner for the state. 21% of the state's total worldwide exports went to Canada in 2007. Tourism from the north is also a large part of the economy. Canadians spent US$487 million in 2004 while visiting the state.
New York City is the leading center of banking, finance and communication in the United States and is the location of the New York Stock Exchange, the largest stock exchange in the world by dollar volume. Many of the world's largest corporations are based in the city.
The state also has a large manufacturing sector that includes printing and the production of garments, furs, railroad equipment and bus line vehicles. Many of these industries are concentrated in upstate regions. Albany and the Hudson Valley are major centers of nanotechnology and microchip manufacturing, while the Rochester area is important in photographic equipment and imaging.
New York is a major agricultural producer, ranking among the top five states for agricultural products such as dairy, apples, cherries, cabbage, potatoes, onions, maple syrup and many others. The state is the largest producer of cabbage in the U.S. The state has about a quarter of its land in farms and produced US$3.4 billion in agricultural products in 2001. The south shore of Lake Ontario provides the right mix of soils and microclimate for many apple, cherry, plum, pear and peach orchards. Apples are also grown in the Hudson Valley and near Lake Champlain.
New York is the nation's third-largest grape-producing state, behind California, and second-largest wine producer by volume. The south shore of Lake Erie and the southern Finger Lakes hillsides have many vineyards. In addition, the North Fork of Long Island developed vineyards, production and visitors' facilities in the last three decades of the 20th century. In 2004, New York's wine and grape industry brought US$6 billion into the state economy.
The state has 30,000 acres (120 km2) of vineyards, 212 wineries, and produced 200 million bottles of wine in 2004. A moderately sized saltwater commercial fishery is located along the Atlantic side of Long Island. The principal catches by value are clams, lobsters, squid, and flounder. These areas of the economy have been increasing as environmental protection has led to an increase in ocean wildlife.
As of January 2010, the state's unemployment rate was 8.8%.[45]
Transportation[link]
Main article: Transportation in New York
 |
New York has one of the most extensive and one of the oldest transportation infrastructures in the country. Engineering difficulties because of the terrain of the state and the unique issues of the city brought on by urban crowding have had to be overcome since the state was young. Population expansion of the state generally followed the path of the early waterways, first the Hudson River and then the Erie Canal. Today, railroad lines and the New York State Thruway follow the same general route. The New York State Department of Transportation is often criticized for how they maintain the roads of the state in certain areas and for the fact that the tolls collected along the roadway have long passed their original purpose. Until 2006, tolls were collected on the Thruway within The City of Buffalo. They were dropped late in 2006 during the campaign for Governor (both candidates called for their removal).
In addition to New York City's famous mass transit subway, four suburban commuter railroad systems enter and leave the city: the Long Island Rail Road, Metro-North Railroad, Port Authority Trans-Hudson, and five of New Jersey Transit's rail lines. Many other cities have urban and regional public transportation. In Buffalo, the Niagara Frontier Transportation Authority runs the Buffalo Metro Rail light-rail system; in Rochester, the Rochester Subway operated from 1927 until 1956 but has fallen into disuse.
License plate introduced on April 1, 2010 for vehicles registered in New York State.
Former License plate design introduced in 2001
The New York State Department of Motor Vehicles (NYSDMV or DMV) is the governmental agency responsible for registering and inspecting automobiles and other motor vehicles as well as licensing drivers in the State of New York. As of 2008, the NYSDMV has 11,284,546 drivers licenses on file[46] and 10,697,644 vehicle registrations in force.[47] All gasoline powered vehicles registered in New York State must get an emissions inspection every 12 months. Diesel powered vehicles with a Gross Weight Rating over 8 500 lb that are registered in the NY Metropolitan Area must get an annual emissions inspection. All vehicles registered in NYS must get an annual safety inspection.
Portions of the transportation system are intermodal, allowing travelers to easily switch from one mode of transportation to another. One of the most notable examples is AirTrain JFK which allows rail passengers to travel directly to terminals at John F. Kennedy International Airport.
In May 2009, the New York City Department of Transportation under the control of Transportation Commissioner Janette Sadik-Khan banned cars from Times Square in a move designed to improve traffic flow and reduce pollution and pedestrian accidents.[48] On February 11, 2010, Mayor Michael Bloomberg announced that the pedestrian plazas would remain permanent.[49]
Politics and government[link]
Main article: Government of New York
Under its present constitution (adopted in 1938), New York is governed by the same three branches that govern all fifty states of the United States: the executive branch, consisting of the Governor of New York and the other independently elected constitutional officers; the legislative branch, consisting of the bicameral New York State Legislature (senate and assembly); and the judicial branch, consisting of the state's highest court, the New York Court of Appeals, and lower courts. The state has two U.S. senators, 29 members in the United States House of Representatives, and 31 electoral votes in national presidential elections (a drop from its 47 votes during the 1940s).
New York's capital is Albany. The state's subordinate political units are its 62 counties. Other officially incorporated governmental units are towns, cities, and villages. New York has more than 4,200 local governments that take one of these forms. About 52% of all revenue raised by local governments in the state is raised solely by the government of New York City, which is the largest municipal government in the United States, whereas New York City houses only 42% of the state population.[50]
The state has a strong imbalance of payments with the federal government. New York State receives 82 cents in services for every $1 it sends in taxes to the federal government in Washington.[51] The state ranks near the bottom, in 42nd place, in federal spending per tax dollar.[52]
Many of New York's public services are carried out by public benefit corporations, frequently called authorities or development corporations. Well known public benefit corporations in New York include the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, which oversees New York City's public transportation system, and the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, a bi-state transportation infrastructure agency.
New York's legal system is explicitly based upon English common Law.
Federal representation[link]
See also: Current United States congressional delegation from New York and New York's congressional districts
As of the 2000 census and the redistricting for the 2002 elections, the state has 29 members in the United States House of Representatives, and two U.S. senators. Two seats in the House will be lost in 2013 due to a decline in the state's rate of population growth.[53] New York has 31 electoral votes in national presidential elections (a drop from its 47 votes during the 1940s).
New York is represented by Chuck Schumer and Kirsten Gillibrand in the United States Senate and has 29 representatives to the United States House of Representatives, behind California's 53 congressional districts and Texas' 32 congressional districts.
Capital punishment[link]
Main article: Capital punishment in New York
Capital punishment was reintroduced in 1995 under the Pataki administration but the statute was declared unconstitutional in 2004, when the New York Court of Appeals ruled in People v. LaValle that it violated the state constitution. The remaining death sentence was commuted by the court to life imprisonment in 2007, in People v. John Taylor, and the death row was disestablished in 2008, under executive order from Governor Paterson. No execution has taken place in New York since 1963. Legislative efforts to amend the statute have failed, and death sentences are no longer sought at the state level, though certain crimes that fall under the jurisdiction of the federal government are subject to the federal death penalty.[54][55][56]
Politics[link]
Main articles: Politics of New York, Elections in New York, Political party strength in New York, and New York's congressional districts
In the last few decades, New York State has generally supported candidates belonging to the Democratic Party in national elections. Democratic presidential candidate Barack Obama won New York State by 25 percentage points in 2008, a bigger margin than John Kerry in 2004. New York City is a major Democratic stronghold with liberal politics. Many of the state's other urban areas, such as Albany, Buffalo, Rochester, and Syracuse are also Democratic. Rural upstate New York, however, is generally more conservative than the cities and tends to favor Republicans. Heavily populated Suburban areas such as Westchester County and Long Island have swung between the major parties over the past 25 years, but more often than not support Democrats.
Same-sex marriages in New York were legalized on June 24, 2011 and were authorized to take place beginning 30 days thereafter.[57]
New York City is the most important source of political fund-raising in the United States for both major parties. Four of the top five zip codes in the nation for political contributions are in Manhattan. The top zip code, 10021 on the Upper East Side, generated the most money for the 2000 presidential campaigns of both George W. Bush and Al Gore.[58]
Education[link]
Main article: Education in New York
The University of the State of New York oversees all public primary, middle-level, and secondary education in the state, while the New York City Department of Education manages the public school system in New York City. In 1894, reflecting general racial discrimination, the state passed a law that allowed communities to set up schools for children of African-American descent. In 1900, the state passed another law requiring integrated schools.[59]
At the post-secondary level, the statewide public university system is the State University of New York commonly refereed to as SUNY. New York City also has its own City University of New York which is additionally funded by the city. The SUNY system consists of 64 community colleges, technical colleges, undergraduate colleges, and doctoral-granting institutions including several universities. The four SUNY university centers, offering a wide array of academic programs, are University at Albany, Binghamton University, University at Buffalo and Stony Brook University.
In addition there are many notable private universities, including the oldest Catholic institution in the Northeast, Fordham University. New York is home to both Columbia University in New York City and Cornell University in Ithaca, making it the only state to contain more than one Ivy League school. Syracuse University is located in the City of Syracuse in Central New York. West Point, the service academy of the U.S. Army is located just south of Newburgh, on the banks of the Hudson River.
During the 2007–2008 school year, New York spent more per pupil on public education than any other state.[60]
Sports[link]
Main article: Sports in New York
New York hosted the 1932 and 1980 Winter Olympics at Lake Placid. The 1980 Games are known for the USA–USSR hockey game dubbed the "Miracle on Ice" in which a group of American college students and amateurs defeated the heavily favored Soviet national ice hockey team 4–3 and went on to win the gold medal against Finland. Along with St. Moritz, Switzerland and Innsbruck, Austria, Lake Placid is one of the three cities to have hosted the Winter Olympic Games twice. New York City bid to host the 2012 Summer Olympics but lost to London.
New York is the home of one National Football League team, the Buffalo Bills (based in the suburb of Orchard Park). Although the New York Giants and New York Jets represent the New York metropolitan area and were previously located in New York City, they play in MetLife Stadium, located in East Rutherford, New Jersey. The Meadowlands stadium will host Super Bowl XLVIII in 2014. There has been much controversy over several proposals for a new New York Jets football stadium. The owners of the New York Jets were willing to split the $1.5 billion cost of building a new football stadium over Manhattan's West Side rail yards, but the proposal never came to fruition.
New York also has two Major League Baseball teams, the New York Yankees (based in the Bronx) and the New York Mets (based in Queens). New York is home to three National Hockey League franchises: the New York Rangers in Manhattan, the New York Islanders on Long Island and the Buffalo Sabres in Buffalo. New York has two National Basketball Association teams, the New York Knicks, in Manhattan, and the Brooklyn Nets in Brooklyn. There are a variety of minor league teams that can be found all through the State of New York, such as the Long Island Ducks.
See also[link]
 |
Book: United States |
| Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print. | |
- Outline of history
- Outline of geography
- List of New York state symbols
- List of people from New York
- List of places in New York
- National Register of Historic Places listings in New York
- USS New York
References[link]
- ^ "New York State Motto". New York State Library. January 29, 2001. Archived from the original on June 8, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070608031632/http%3A//www.nysl.nysed.gov/emblems/motto.htm. Retrieved November 16, 2007.
- ^ a b "Land and Water Area of States (2000)". Infoplease.com. http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0108355.html. Retrieved April 11, 2008. Note: This area is based on U.S. Census Bureau figures. Other sources such as The World Almanac and the Rand McNally World Atlas use an area of 49,576 square miles (128,400 km2), which would rank the state 30th.
- ^ a b "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2011" (CSV). 2011 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. December 2011. http://www.census.gov/popest/data/state/totals/2011/tables/NST-EST2011-01.csv. Retrieved December 21, 2011.
- ^ "Marcy". NGS data sheet. U.S. National Geodetic Survey. http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/ds_mark.prl?PidBox=PG2096. Retrieved October 20, 2011.
- ^ a b "Elevations and Distances in the United States". United States Geological Survey. 2001. http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html. Retrieved October 24, 2011.
- ^ a b Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.
- ^ Scheltema, Gajus and Westerhuijs, Heleen (eds.),Exploring Historic Dutch New York. Museum of the City of New York/Dover Publications, New York (2011). ISBN 978-0-486-48637-6
- ^ "Declaration of Independence". history.com. Archived from the original on April 9, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080409165028/http%3A//www.history.com/minisites/fourthofjuly/viewPage%3FpageId%3D690. Retrieved April 10, 2008.
- ^ Alan Taylor (2006). The Divided Ground: Indians, Settlers, and the Northern Borderland of the American Revolution. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-679-45471-7.
- ^ "Sullivan/Clinton Interactive Map Set". http://www.sullivanclinton.com/mapset/shell.swf. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
- ^ Chen, David W. Battle Over Iroquois Land Claims Escalates [1] The New York Times. May 16, 2000. . Retrieved April 11, 2008.
- ^ "Happy Evacuation Day". New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. http://www.nycgovparks.org/sub_newsroom/daily_plants/daily_plant_main.php?id=19733. Retrieved April 12, 2008.
- ^ "New York's Ratification". The U.S. Constitution Online. http://www.usconstitution.net/rat_ny.html. Retrieved April 10, 2008.
- ^ "The Erie Canal: A Brief History". New York State Canals. http://www.nyscanals.gov/cculture/history/. Retrieved April 10, 2008.
- ^ National Park Service: Castle Clinton
- ^ The Brown Quarterly, Volume 4, No. 1 (Fall 2000)—Ellis Island/Immigration Issue[dead link]
- ^ "Elevations and Distances in the United States". U.S Geological Survey. April 29, 2005. http://erg.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html#Highest. Retrieved November 6, 2006.
- ^ About the Adirondack Park, Adirondack Park Agency. Retrieved July 1, 2009.
- ^ Eisenstadt, Peter, ed. (2005). The Encyclopedia of New York State. Syracuse University Press. p. 1619. ISBN 978-0-8156-0808-0.
- ^ Eisenstadt, Peter, ed. (2005). The Encyclopedia of New York State. Syracuse University Press. p. 1437. ISBN 978-0-8156-0808-0.
- ^ Eisenstadt, Peter, ed. (2005). The Encyclopedia of New York State. Syracuse University Press. p. 1119. ISBN 978-0-8156-0808-0.
- ^ "Climate of New York". New York State Climate Office – Cornell University. http://nysc.eas.cornell.edu/climate_of_ny.html. Retrieved April 10, 2008.
- ^ The New York Post (June 3, 2007). "A Breath of Fresh New York Air". http://www.nypost.com/seven/06032007/news/regionalnews/a_breath_of_fresh_n_y__air_regionalnews_.htm. Retrieved June 6, 2007. [dead link]
- ^ "Typical High and Low Temperatures For Various New York Cities". US Travel Weather. http://www.ustravelweather.com/new-york/. Retrieved March 24, 2010.
- ^ a b "Catskill Park History". catskillpark.org. Archived from the original on July 5, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080705134653/http://www.catskillpark.org/history/history.htm. Retrieved April 11, 2008.
- ^ "Map of eleven regions". Visitnewyorkstate.net. http://www.visitnewyorkstate.net/regions/. Retrieved October 2, 2010.
- ^ "Map of the eight regions of New York". Nyeducationjobs.com. http://www.nyeducationjobs.com/Information%20Resources/members_new_york_map.htm. Retrieved October 2, 2010.
- ^ "Age/sex/race in New York State: Based on Census 2010".
- ^ "New York: History, Geography, Population, and State Facts". Infoplease.com. http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0108252.html. Retrieved October 2, 2010.
- ^ "2010 Census National Summary File of Redistricting Data - Population and Housing Occupancy Status: 2010 - United States -- Metropolitan Statistical Area; and for Puerto Rico". 2010 United States Census. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. April 14, 2011. http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_NSRD_GCTPL2.US24PR&prodType=table. Retrieved March 14, 2012.
- ^ "New York: 2000 (Population and Housing Unit Counts)" (PDF). 2000 United States Census. United States Census Bureau. 2000. http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/phc-3-34.pdf. Retrieved September 18, 2010. (page 1 of the document, page 31 of the file)
- ^ Timothy S. Parker (September 10, 2010). "New York Fact Sheet: NY agriculture income population food education employment farms top commodities exports counties financial indicators poverty organic farming farm income America USDA". Ers.usda.gov. http://www.ers.usda.gov/StateFacts/NY.htm. Retrieved October 2, 2010.
- ^ "Domestic Migration Flows for States from the 2005 ACS" (Microsoft Word). Archived from the original on October 25, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071025032612/http://www.census.gov/acs/www/Downloads/State_Migration_Flows_Paper.doc. Retrieved October 19, 2007.
- ^ "Population and Population Centers by State: 2000" (Text). http://www.census.gov/geo/www/cenpop/statecenters.txt. Retrieved January 5, 2007.
- ^ "DP-3. Profile of Selected Economic Characteristics: 2000, Geographic Area: New York". U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/QTTable?-geo_id=04000US36&-qr_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U_DP3&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U. Retrieved January 5, 2007.
- ^ a b "New York QuickFacts". U.S. Census Bureau. January 17, 2012. http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/36000.html. Retrieved April 18, 2012.
- ^ Awesome America: New York. Retrieved August 18, 2007.
- ^ "New York - Race and Hispanic Origin: 1790 to 1990". U.S. Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/twps0056.html. Retrieved April 18, 2012.
- ^ "Language Map Data Center". Mla.org. July 17, 2007. http://www.mla.org/map_data_results&state_id=36&mode=state_tops. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
- ^ Egon Mayer, PhD; Barry A. Kosmin, PhD, Ariela Keysar, PhD (2001). "American Religious Identification Survey(Key Findings)". The City University of New York. http://www.gc.cuny.edu/faculty/research_briefs/aris/key_findings.htm. Retrieved January 5, 2007. [dead link]
- ^ "The Association of Religion Data Archives | Maps & Reports". Thearda.com. http://www.thearda.com/mapsReports/reports/state/36_2000.asp. Retrieved October 2, 2010.
- ^ "Market highlights for first half-year 2010". World Federation of Exchanges. http://www.world-exchanges.org/files/file/stats%20and%20charts/July%202010%20WFE%20Market%20Highlights.pdf. Retrieved 2012-05-05.
- ^ [greyhill.com/gdp-by-state "GDP by State"]. Greyhill Advisors. greyhill.com/gdp-by-state. Retrieved September 8, 2011.
- ^ 13 States Face Total Budget Shortfall of at Least $23 Billion in 2009; 11 Others Expect Budget Problems, December 18, 2007, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities
- ^ Bls.gov; Local Area Unemployment Statistics
- ^ "NYS DMV – Statistics – NYS Driver Licenses on File – 2008". Nydmv.state.ny.us. http://www.nydmv.state.ny.us/Statistics/statli08.htm. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
- ^ "NYS DMV – Statistics – Vehicle Registrations in Force – 2008". Nydmv.state.ny.us. http://www.nydmv.state.ny.us/Statistics/regin08.htm. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
- ^ "New York celebrates new era as cars are banished from Times Square". London: MailOnline. May 26, 2009. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/worldnews/article-1187300/New-York-celebrates-new-era-cars-banished-Times-Square.html. Retrieved December 12, 2011.
- ^ (February 11, 2010). "Pedestrian Plaza To Remain Permanent Fixture Of Times Square". NY1.com. http://www.ny1.com/5-manhattan-news-content/top_stories/113521/pedestrian-plaza-to-remain-permanent-fixture-of-times-square. Retrieved December 12, 2011.
- ^ Office of the New York State Comptroller (2006-11). "2006 Annual Report on Local Governments" (PDF). http://www.osc.state.ny.us/localgov/datanstat/annreport/06annreport.pdf. Retrieved November 14, 2006.
- ^ New York City Finance Division (March 11, 2005). "A Fair Share State Budget: Does Albany Play Fair with NYC?". http://webdocs.nyccouncil.info/attachments/65379.htm?CFID=232457&CFTOKEN=33008944. Retrieved July 19, 2006.
- ^ "Federal Spending in Each State Per Dollar of Federal Taxes FY2005". Tax Foundation. http://www.taxfoundation.org/research/show/266.html. Retrieved April 12, 2008.
- ^ Rey, Jay (December 22, 2010). "N.Y.'s slow growth will mean loss of two seats in House". The Buffalo News. Retrieved December 22, 2010.
- ^ Rob Gallagher (October 25, 2005). "New York Executions". Archived from the original on May 28, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080528081537/http%3A//users.bestweb.net/%7Erg/execution/NEW%2520YORK.htm. Retrieved April 9, 2009.
- ^ Scott, Brendan (July 24, 2008). "GOV PULLS SWITCH ON DEATH CELL". New York Post. http://www.nypost.com/seven/07242008/news/regionalnews/gov_pulls_switch_on_death_cell_121295.htm. Retrieved April 9, 2009.
- ^ Powell, Michael (April 13, 2005). "In N.Y., Lawmakers Vote Not to Reinstate Capital Punishment". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A47871-2005Apr12.html. Retrieved April 11, 2008.
- ^ Nicholas Confessore and Michael Barbaro (June 24, 2011). "New York Allows Same-Sex Marriage, Becoming Largest State to Pass Law". The New York Times Company. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/25/nyregion/gay-marriage-approved-by-new-york-senate.html?_r=1&hp. Retrieved June 25, 2011.
- ^ Opensecrets.org (May 16, 2005). "2006 Election Overview: Top Zip codes". http://www.opensecrets.org/bigpicture/topzips.asp?cycle=2004. Retrieved July 19, 2006.
- ^ Martha A. Sandweiss, Passing Strange: A Gilded Age Tale of Love and Deception Across the Color Line, New York: Penguin Press, 2009, p. 213
- ^ Thomas, G. Scott (June 28, 2010). "New York Leads Nation in Education Spending". The Business Review (American City Business Journals, Inc). http://albany.bizjournals.com/albany/stories/2010/06/28/daily2.html. Retrieved June 29, 2010.
Further reading[link]
Main article: Bibliography of New York
- French, John Homer (1860). Historical and statistical gazetteer of New York State. Syracuse, New York: R. Pearsall Smith. OCLC 224691273. http://books.google.com/?id=R_zHwh4xByQC.
- New York State Historical Association (1940). New York: A Guide to the Empire State. New York City: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-1-60354-031-5. OCLC 504264143. http://books.google.com/?id=TmbOZd4D-ccC.
-
- Note: Linked titles redirect to a free, full-view version hosted by Google Books or the Internet Archive.
External links[link]
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Geographic data related to New York at OpenStreetMap
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 OntarioLake Ontario |
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| Lake Erie | |
 Vermont Massachusetts Connecticut |
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| New York: Outline • Index East |
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 Pennsylvania |
 New Jersey |
Atlantic Ocean |
| Preceded by Virginia |
List of U.S. states by date of statehood Ratified Constitution on July 26, 1788 (11th) |
Succeeded by North Carolina |
Coordinates: 43°N 75°W / 43°N 75°W / 43; -75 (New York)
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the city in the United Kingdom. For other uses, see York (disambiguation).
"City of York" redirects here. For other uses, see City of York (disambiguation).
| York | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| — Unitary Authority and City — | |||
.jpg) |
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| Nickname(s): "Capital of the North",[1] "Chocolate City"[2] | |||
| Motto: 'Let the Banner of York Fly High' | |||
 York
|
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| Coordinates: 53°57′30″N 1°4′49″W / 53.95833°N 1.08028°W / 53.95833; -1.08028Coordinates: 53°57′30″N 1°4′49″W / 53.95833°N 1.08028°W / 53.95833; -1.08028 | |||
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom | ||
| Constituent country | England | ||
| Region | Yorkshire and the Humber | ||
| Ceremonial county | North Yorkshire | ||
| Admin HQ | York City Centre | ||
| Founded | as Eboracum c. 71 AD | ||
| Government | |||
| • Type | Unitary Authority, City | ||
| • Governing body | City of York Council | ||
| • Leadership: | Leader and Executive | ||
| • Executive: | Labour | ||
| • MPs: | Hugh Bayley (L) Julian Sturdy (C) |
||
| Area | |||
| • Total | 105.00 sq mi (271.94 km2) | ||
| Population (2010 est.) | |||
| • Total | 202,400 (Ranked 80th) | ||
| • Density | 1,780/sq mi (687/km2) | ||
| • Ethnicity (2009 Estimates)[3] |
92.8% Any White 3.4% Any Asian 1.3% Mixed 1.2% Any Black 1.4% Any Chinese or other |
||
| Time zone | Greenwich Mean Time (UTC+0) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | British Summer Time (UTC+1) | ||
| Postcode | YO | ||
| Area code(s) | 01904 | ||
| ISO 3166-2 | GB-YOR | ||
| ONS code | 00FF | ||
| OS grid reference | SE603517 | ||
| NUTS 3 | UKE21 | ||
| Website | www.york.gov.uk | ||
York (local 
i/ˈjɔːk/) is a walled city, situated at the confluence of the Rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. The city has a rich heritage and has provided the backdrop to major political events throughout much of its two millennia of existence. The city offers a wealth of historic attractions, of which York Minster is the most prominent, and a variety of cultural and sporting activities.
The city was founded by the Romans in 71 AD, under the name of Eboracum. It became in turn the capital of the Roman province of Britannia Inferior, and of the kingdoms of Northumbria and Jorvik. In the Middle Ages, York grew as a major wool trading centre and became the capital of the northern ecclesiastical province of the Church of England, a role it has retained.[4]
In the 19th century York became a hub of the railway network and a confectionery manufacturing centre. In recent decades, the economy of York has moved from being dominated by its confectionery and railway-related industries to one that provides services. The University of York and health services have become major employers, whilst tourism has become an important element of the local economy.
From 1996, the term City of York describes a unitary authority area which includes rural areas beyond the old city boundaries. In 2001 the urban area had a population of 137,505,[5] while in 2010 the entire unitary authority had an estimated population of 202,400 [3]
Contents |
History[link]
Main article: History of York
Toponymy[link]
The word 'York' is partly related to the Latin name for the city, variously rendered as Eboracum, Eburacum or Eburaci. The first mention of York by this name is dated to c. 95–104 AD as an address on a wooden stylus tablet from the Roman fortress of Vindolanda in Northumberland.[6]
The toponymy of Eboracum is uncertain because the language of the pre-Roman indigenous population of the area was never recorded. These people are thought to have spoken a Celtic language, related to modern Welsh.[7][8][9] Therefore, it is thought that Eboracum is derived from the Brythonic word Eborakon, that is a combination of eburos "yew-tree" (cf. Old Irish ibar "yew-tree", Welsh efwr "alder buckthorn", Breton evor "alder buckthorn") and suffix *-āko(n) "place" (cf. Welsh -og)[10] meaning either "place of the yew trees" (cf. efrog in Welsh, eabhrac in Irish Gaelic and eabhraig in Scottish Gaelic, by which names the city is known in those languages) or less probably “Eburos′property”, that is really a personal Celtic name, mentioned in different documents Eβουρος, Eburus, Eburius combined with the same suffix *-āko(n), that could mark a property.[11][12]
The name Eboracum was turned into Eoforwic by the Anglians in the 7th century : a compound of Eofor-, from the old name, and -wic “village”. This was probably by conflation of the element Ebor- with a Germanic root *eburaz (boar); by the 7th century the Old English for 'boar' had become eofor. When the Danish army conquered the city in 866, the name became rendered as Jórvík.[13]
Jórvík was gradually reduced to York in the centuries following the Norman Conquest, moving from the Middle English Yerk in the 14th century through to Yourke in the 16th century and then Yarke in the 17th century. The form York was first recorded in the 13th century.[4][14] Many present day names of companies and places, such as Ebor taxis and the Ebor race meeting, refer to the Roman name.[15] The Archbishop of York also uses Ebor as his surname in his signature.[16]
Early history[link]
Archaeological evidence suggests that Mesolithic people settled in the region of York between 8000 and 7000 BC, although it is not known whether these settlements were permanent or temporary. By the time of the Roman conquest of Britain, the area was occupied by a tribe known to the Romans as the Brigantes. The Brigantian tribal area initially became a Roman client state, but, later its leaders became more hostile to Rome. As a result the Roman Ninth Legion was sent north of the Humber into Brigantian territory.[17]
The city itself was founded in 71 AD, when the Ninth Legion conquered the Brigantes and constructed a wooden military fortress on flat ground above the River Ouse close to its confluence with the River Foss. The fortress, which was later rebuilt in stone, covered an area of 50 acres (20 ha) and was inhabited by 6,000 soldiers. The site of the Roman fortress lies under the foundations of York Minster, and excavations in the Minster's undercroft have revealed some of the original walls.[13][18]
The Emperors Hadrian, Septimius Severus and Constantius I all held court in York during their various campaigns. During his stay, the Emperor Severus proclaimed York capital of the province of Britannia Inferior, and it is likely that it was he who granted York the privileges of a colonia or city. Constantius I died in 306 AD during his stay in York, and his son Constantine the Great was proclaimed Emperor by the troops based in the fortress.[18][19]
While the Roman colonia and fortress were located on high ground, by 400 the town itself was victim to periodic flooding from the rivers Ouse and Foss and lay abandoned.[20] York declined in the post-Roman era, and was taken and settled by the Angles in the 5th century.[21]
Reclamation of the flooded parts of the town were initiated in the 7th century under King Edwin of Northumbria, and York became his chief city.[22] The first Minster church was built in York for the baptism of Edwin in 627.[23] Edwin ordered that this small wooden church should be rebuilt in stone, however, he was killed in 633 and the task of completing the stone Minster fell to his successor Oswald.[13][24] In the following century Alcuin of York came to the cathedral school of York. He had a long career as a teacher and scholar, first at the school at York now known as St Peter's School, York, which was founded in 627 AD, and later as Charlemagne's leading advisor on ecclesiastical and educational affairs.[25]
In 866, Northumbria was in the midst of internecine struggles when the Vikings raided and captured York. Under Viking rule the city became a major river port, part of the extensive Viking trading routes throughout northern Europe. The last ruler of an independent Jórvík, Eric Bloodaxe, was driven from the city in the year 954 by King Edred in his successful attempt to complete the unification of England.[26]
Post conquest[link]
In 1068, two years after the Norman Conquest of England, the people of York rebelled. Initially the rebellion was successful, however, upon the arrival of William the Conqueror the rebellion was put down. William at once built two wooden fortresses on mottes, which are still visible, on either side of the river Ouse. York was ravaged by him as part of the harrying of the North.[27]
The first stone Minster church was badly damaged by fire in the uprising and the Normans later decided to build a new Minster on a new site. Around the year 1080 Archbishop Thomas started building a cathedral that in time became the current Minster.[24] In the 12th century York started to prosper. In 1190, York Castle was the site of an infamous massacre of its Jewish inhabitants, in which at least 150 Jews died (although some authorities put the figure as high as 500).[28]
The city, through its location on the River Ouse and its proximity to the Great North Road became a major trading centre. King Henry I granted the city's first charter, confirming trading rights in England and Europe.[24][29] During the course of the later Middle Ages York merchants imported wine from France, cloth, wax, canvas, and oats from the Low Countries, timber and furs from the Baltic and exported grain to Gascony and grain and wool to the Low Countries.[30] York became a major cloth manufacturing and trading centre. Edward I further stimulated the city's economy by using the city as a base for his war in Scotland. The city was the location of significant unrest during the so-called Peasants' Revolt in 1381. The city acquired an increasing degree of autonomy from central government including the privileges granted by a charter of Richard II in 1396.
Tudor and Stuart times[link]
The city underwent a period of economic decline during Tudor times. Under Henry VIII, the Dissolution of the Monasteries saw the end of the York's many monastic houses, including several orders of friars, the hospitals of St Nicholas and of St Leonard, the largest such institution in the north of England. This led to the Pilgrimage of Grace, an uprising of northern Catholics in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire who were opposed to religious reform. Henry VIII restored his authority through the establishmnent of the Council of the North in York in the dissolved St Mary's Abbey. The city very much became a trading and service centre during this period.[31][32]
Guy Fawkes, who was born and educated in York, was a member of a group of Roman Catholic restorationists that planned the Gunpowder Plot.[33] Its aim was to displace Protestant rule by blowing up the Houses of Parliament while King James I and the entire Protestant and even most of the Catholic aristocracy and nobility were inside.
In 1644, during the Civil War, the Parliamentarians besieged York, and many medieval houses outside the city walls were lost. The barbican at Walmgate Bar was undermined and explosives laid, but, the plot was discovered. On the arrival of Prince Rupert, with an army of 15,000 men, the siege was lifted. The Parliamentarians retreated some 6 miles (10 km) from York with Rupert in pursuit, before turning on his army and soundly defeating it at the Battle of Marston Moor. Of Rupert's 15,000 troops, no fewer than 4,000 were killed and 1,500 captured. The siege was renewed, nevertheless, the city could not hold out for long, and on 15 July the city surrendered to Sir Thomas Fairfax.[31]
Following the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, and the removal of the garrison from York in 1688, the city was dominated by the local gentry and merchants, although the clergy were still important. Competition from the nearby cities of Leeds and Hull, together with silting of the River Ouse, resulted in York losing its pre-eminent position as a trading centre. Nevertheless, the city's role as the social and cultural centre for wealthy northerners was on the rise. York's many elegant townhouses, such as the Lord Mayor's Mansion House and Fairfax House (now owned by York Civic Trust) date from this period, as do the Assembly Rooms, the Theatre Royal, and the Racecourse.[32][34]
Modern history[link]
mak all t'railways cum to York
The railway promoter George Hudson was responsible for bringing the railway to York in 1839. Although Hudson's career as a railway entrepreneur eventually ended in disgrace and bankruptcy, his promotion of his own railway company, the York and North Midland Railway and of York over Leeds, helped establish York as a major railway centre by the late 1800s.[36]
The introduction of the railways also established engineering in the city.[37][38] At the turn of the 20th century, the railway accommodated the headquarters and works of the North Eastern Railway, which employed over 5,500 people in York. The railway was also instrumental in the expansion of Rowntree's Cocoa Works. Rowntree's was founded in York in 1862 by Henry Isaac Rowntree, who was joined in 1869 by his brother the philanthropist Joseph Rowntree.[39] Terry's Confectionery Works was also a major employer in the city.[32][40] By 1900 the railways and confectionary had become the two major industries of the city.[38]
With the emergence of tourism as a major industry, the historic core of York became one of the city's major assets, and in 1968 it was designated a conservation area.[41] The existing tourist attractions were supplemented by the establishment of the National Railway Museum in York in 1975[42] and the Jorvik Viking Centre in 1984. The opening of the University of York in 1963 added to the prosperity of the city.[43]
York was voted as European Tourism City of the Year by European Cities Marketing in June 2007. York beat 130 other European cities to gain first place, surpassing Gothenburg in Sweden (second) and Valencia in Spain (third).[44]
Governance[link]
Parliamentary constituencies[link]
From 1997 to 2010 the central part of the district was covered by the City of York constituency, while the remainder was split between the constituencies of Ryedale, Selby, and Vale of York.[45] These constituencies were represented by Hugh Bayley, John Greenway, John Grogan, and Anne McIntosh respectively.
Following their review in 2003 of parliamentary representation in North Yorkshire, the Boundary Commission for England recommended the creation of two new seats for the City of York, in time for the general election in 2010. These are York Central, which covers the inner urban area, and is entirely surrounded by the York Outer constituency.[46]
The whole of the city and local authority area lies within the Yorkshire and the Humber constituency of the European Parliament.[47]
Local government[link]
York is the traditional county town of Yorkshire, yet it did not form part of any of the three historic ridings, or divisions, of Yorkshire. York is an ancient borough, and was one of the boroughs reformed by the Municipal Corporations Act 1835 to form a municipal borough. It gained the status of a county borough in 1889, under the Local Government Act 1888, and existed so until 1974, when, under the Local Government Act 1972, it became a non-metropolitan district in the county of North Yorkshire.[48][49]
As a result of 1990s UK local government reform, York regained unitary status and saw a substantial alteration in its borders, taking in parts of Selby and Harrogate districts, and about half the population of the Ryedale district.[50] The new boundary was imposed after central government rejected the council's own proposal.
The City of York Council has 47 councillors.[51][52] As a result of the 2011 local elections the Labour Party won 26 seats to give them a majority of five seats. The Liberal Democrats have eight councillors. The Conservative Party has ten councillors and the Greens have two with one Independent.[53]
York Council operates on a Leader and Cabinet style of governance. Councillors are appointed to the cabinet by the full council of 47. Cabinet Members make decisions on their portfolio areas individually.[54][55]
As of May 2011[update], York’s Right Honourable Lord Mayor is Councillor David Horton and his wife, Jane Horton, is the new Lady Mayoress. Alan Deller is the new Sheriff with his wife, Ann, the Sheriff's Lady.[56] Both appointments are made each May for a period of one year. Although York’s Sheriff office is the oldest in England it is now a purely ceremonial post. The Lord Mayor also carries out civic and ceremonial duties in addition to chairing full meetings of the council.[52]
The York Youth Council consists of several young people who negotiate with the councillors to get better facilities for York's young people.[57][58]
| Party | Seats | City of York Council (2011 election) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labour | 26 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Conservative | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liberal Democrat | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Green | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Independent | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Geography[link]
Main article: Areas of the City of York
Location[link]
York lies within the Vale of York, a flat area of fertile arable land bordered by the Pennines, the North York Moors and the Yorkshire Wolds The original city was built at the confluence of the Rivers Ouse and Foss on a terminal moraine left by the last Ice Age.[59]
During Roman times, the land surrounding the rivers Ouse and Foss was very marshy, making the site easier to defend. The city is prone to flooding from the River Ouse, and has an extensive (and mostly effective) network of flood defences. These include walls along the Ouse, and a liftable barrier across the River Foss where it joins the Ouse at the 'Blue Bridge'. In October and November 2000 York experienced the worst flooding in 375 years with over 300 homes being flooded.[60] Much land in and around the city is on flood plains and has always been too flood-prone for development other than agriculture. The ings are flood meadows along the River Ouse, while the strays are open common grassland in various locations around the city.
Climate[link]
York has a temperate climate with four distinct seasons. As with the rest of the Vale of York the city's climate is drier and warmer than the rest of the Yorkshire and Humberside region. Because of its lowland location York is prone to frosts, fog, and cold winds during winter, spring and very early summer.[61] In summer the average maximum temperature is 22 °C (72 °F) although some days can see highs of up to 28 °C (82 °F) rarely exceeding 30 °C (86 °F). Nights are significantly colder averaging minimum of 15 °C (60 °F), although these can consistently dip below 10 °C (50 °F). The average daytime temperature in winter is 7 °C (45 °F) and 2 °C (36 °F) at night. Snow can fall in winter from December onwards to as late as April, but, quickly melts. The wettest months are November, December and January with an average of 17 days per month with rainfall more than 0.25 millimetres (0.01 in). From May to July York experiences the most sunshine with an average of six hours per day.[62] Extremes recorded at the University of York campus between 1998 and 2010 include a highest temperature of 33 °C (91.4 °F) (Monday 17 July 2006) and a lowest temperature of -12.3 °C (9.9 °F) (Monday 6 December 2010). The most rainfall in one day was 62.4 millimetres (2.5 in).[63]
| Climate data for York, England | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 15 (59) |
17 (63) |
21 (70) |
24 (75) |
29 (84) |
32 (90) |
31 (88) |
33 (91) |
29 (84) |
26 (79) |
19 (66) |
16 (61) |
33 (91) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 6 (43) |
7 (45) |
10 (50) |
13 (55) |
16 (61) |
19 (66) |
21 (70) |
21 (70) |
18 (64) |
14 (57) |
10 (50) |
7 (45) |
13.5 (56.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 3.5 (38.3) |
4 (39) |
6 (43) |
8.5 (47.3) |
11.5 (52.7) |
14.5 (58.1) |
16.5 (61.7) |
16.5 (61.7) |
14 (57) |
11.5 (52.7) |
7 (45) |
4.5 (40.1) |
9.75 (49.55) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 1 (34) |
1 (34) |
2 (36) |
4 (39) |
7 (45) |
10 (50) |
12 (54) |
12 (54) |
10 (50) |
7 (45) |
4 (39) |
2 (36) |
6 (43) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −14 (7) |
−10 (14) |
−13 (9) |
−3 (27) |
−1 (30) |
2 (36) |
5 (41) |
4 (39) |
−1 (30) |
−4 (25) |
−8 (18) |
−11 (12) |
−14 (7) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 59 (2.32) |
46 (1.81) |
37 (1.46) |
41 (1.61) |
50 (1.97) |
50 (1.97) |
62 (2.44) |
68 (2.68) |
55 (2.17) |
56 (2.2) |
65 (2.56) |
50 (1.97) |
639 (25.16) |
| Avg. precipitation days | 17 | 15 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 17 | 17 | 177 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 31 | 56 | 93 | 130 | 186 | 180 | 186 | 150 | 120 | 93 | 60 | 31 | 1,316 |
| Source: BBC Weather[64] | |||||||||||||
Demography[link]
| York Compared in 2010 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 UK Population Estimates[3] | York | Yorkshire and the Humber | England |
| Total population | 202,400 | 5,301,300 | 52,234,000 |
| White | 92.8% | 89.6% | 87.5% |
| Mixed | 1.3% | 1.5% | 1.9% |
| Asian | 3.4% | 6.2% | 6.0% |
| Black | 1.2% | 1.5% | 2.9% |
| Chinese or other | 1.4% | 1.3% | 1.6% |
The York urban area had a population of 137,505[5] comprising 66,142 males and 71,363 females in 2001. Also at the time of the 2001 UK census, the City of York had a total population of 181,094 of whom 93,957 were female and 87,137 were male. Of the 76,920 households in York, 36.0% were married couples living together, 31.3% were one-person households, 8.7% were co-habiting couples and 8.0% were lone parents. The figures for lone parent households were below the national average of 9.5%, and the percentage of married couples was also close to the national average of 36.5%; the proportion of one person households was slightly higher than the national average of 30.1%.[65]
The population density was 4,368 /km2 (11,310 /sq mi).[5] Of those aged 16–74 in York, 24.6% had no academic qualifications, a little lower than 28.9% in all of England. Of York’s residents, 5.1% were born outside the United Kingdom, significantly lower than the national average of 9.2%. White British form 95% of the population, the largest single minority group was recorded as Asian, at 1.9% of the population.
The number of theft-from-a-vehicle offences and theft of a vehicle per 1,000 of the population was 8.8 and 2.7 compared to the English national average of 6.9 and 2.7 respectively.[66] The number of sexual offences was 0.9, in line with the national average.[66] The national average of violence against another person was 16.2 compared to the York average of 16.8.[66] The figures for crime statistics were all recorded during the 2006–07 financial year.
Population change[link]
The table below details the population change since 1801.
| Population growth in York since 1801 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | 1801 | 1811 | 1821 | 1831 | 1841 | 1851 | 1861 | 1871 | 1881 | 1891 | 1901 | 1911 | 1921 | 1931 | 1941[a] | 1951 | 1961 | 1971 | 1981 | 1991 | 2001[b] | 2011 | |
| Population | 24,080 | 27,486 | 30,913 | 36,340 | 40,337 | 49,899 | 58,632 | 67,364 | 76,097 | 81,802 | 90,665 | 100,487 | 106,278 | 112,402 | 123,227 | 135,093 | 144,585 | 154,749 | 158,170 | 172,847 | 181,131 | 202,400 | |
| Source: Vision of Britain[67] | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Religion[link]
| Religion in York 2001[68] | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| UK Census 2001 | York | Yorkshire and the Humber |
England |
| Christian | 74.42% | 73.07% | 71.74% |
| No religion | 16.57% | 14.09% | 14.59% |
| Muslim | 0.58% | 3.81% | 3.1% |
| Buddhist | 0.21% | 0.14% | 0.28% |
| Hindu | 0.19% | 0.32% | 1.11% |
| Jewish | 0.11% | 0.23% | 0.52% |
| Sikh | 0.05% | 0.38% | 0.67% |
| Other religions | 0.30% | 0.19% | 0.29% |
| Religion not stated | 7.57% | 7.77% | 7.69% |
Main article: Religion in York
At the time of the 2001 UK census the population of York was 181,094 and its ethnic composition was 97.84% white, compared with the English average of 90.92%. York's population has a slightly higher elderly population than the national average.[68] Christianity is the religion with the largest following in York with 74.4% residents reporting themselves as Christian in the 2001 census.
These census figures show no other single religion returned affiliation, as a percentage of population, above the national average for England, but, those responding as "No Religion" was higher than the national average.
There are 33 active Anglican churches in York which is home to the Archbishop of York and the Mother Church, York Minster, and administrative centre of the northern province of the Church of England and the Diocese of York.[69] York is in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Middlesbrough, has eight Roman Catholic churches and a number of different Catholic religious orders.[70]
Other Christian denominations that are active in York include Religious Society of Friends who have a number of meeting houses in York,[71] Methodists with the York North and York South circuits of The Methodist Church York and Hull District,[72] and Unitarians. There is one mosque in York which also contains a UK Islamic Mission Islamic centre.[73] Various Buddhist traditions are represented in the city and around York.[74]
Economy[link]
York's economy is based on the service industry, which in 2000 was responsible for 88.7% of employment in the city.[75] The service industries in York include public sector employment, health, education, finance, information technology (IT) and tourism that accounts for 10.7% of employment. Tourism has become an important element of the local economy, with the city offering a wealth of historic attractions, of which York Minster is the most prominent, as well as a variety of cultural activities. In 2009, York was the 7th most visited city by UK residents and the 13th most visited by overseas visitors.[76][77]
Unemployment in York is low at 4.2% in 2008 compared to the United Kingdom national average of 5.3%.[75] The biggest employer in York is the City of York Council, with over 7,500 employees. Employers with more than 3,000 staff include Aviva (formerly Norwich Union Life), Selby and York Primary Care Trust, Shepherd Building Group (including Portakabin), and University of York. Other major employers include British Telecom, CPP Group (life assistance products), Nestlé, NFU Mutual and a number of railway companies.[78][79]
Today's economic position is very different from the position of the economy as recently as the 1950s, when York's prosperity was based on chocolate manufacturing and the railways. This position continued until the early 1980s when 30% of the workforce were employed by just five employers and 75% of manufacturing jobs were in four companies.[80] Most of the industry around the railway has gone, including the carriage works (known as Asea Brown Boveri or ABB at the time of closure) which at its height in 1880s employed 5,500 people, but, closed in the mid 1990s.[80][81] York is the headquarters of the confectionery manufacturer Nestlé York (formerly Nestlé Rowntrees), and home to the KitKat and eponymous Yorkie bar chocolate brands. Terry's chocolate factory, makers of the Chocolate Orange, was also located in the city; but it closed on 30 September 2005, when production was moved by its owners, Kraft Foods, to Poland. However, the historic factory building can still be seen, situated next to the Knavesmire racecourse.
It was announced on 20 September 2006 that Nestlé would be cutting 645 jobs at the Rowntree's chocolate factory in York.[82] This came after a number of other job losses in the city at Aviva, British Sugar and Terry's chocolate factory.[83] Despite this, the employment situation in York remained fairly buoyant until the effects of the late 2000s recession began to be felt.[84]
Since the closure of York's carriage-works, the site has been developed into the headquarters for CPP Group and two housing schemes, one of which was a self-build project. York's economy has been developing in the areas of science, technology and the creative industries. The city has become a founding National Science City with the creation of a science park near the University of York.[85] Between 1998 and 2008 York gained 80 new technology companies and 2,800 new jobs in the sector.[86]
Regional gross value added figures for York, at 2005 basic prices in pounds sterling, are:[87]
| Year | Agriculture | Industry | Services | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1995 | 30 | 579 | 1,443 | 2,052 |
| 2000 | 13 | 782 | 2,168 | 2,963 |
| 2003 | 16 | 779 | 2,505 | 3,299 |
Transport[link]
York's location on the River Ouse and in the centre of the Vale of York means that it has always had a significant position in the nation's transport system.[30] The city grew up as a river port at the confluence of the River Ouse and the River Foss. The Ouse was originally a tidal river, accessible to sea-going ships of the time. Today both of these rivers remain navigable, although the Foss is only navigable for a short distance above the confluence. A lock at Naburn on the Ouse to the south of York means that the river in York is no longer tidal.[88]
Until the end of the 20th century, the Ouse was used by barges to carry freight between York and the port of Hull. The last significant traffic was the supply of newsprint to the local newspaper's Foss-side print works, which continued until 1997. Today navigation is almost exclusively leisure-oriented. YorkBoat provides cruises on the river.[88]
Like most cities founded by the Romans, York is well served by long distance trunk roads. The city lies at the intersection of the A19 road from Doncaster to Tyneside, the A59 road from Liverpool to York, the A64 road from Leeds to Scarborough, and the A1079 road from York to Hull. The A64 road provides the principal link to the motorway network, linking York to both the A1(M) and the M1 motorways at a distance of about 10 miles (16 km) from the city.
The city is surrounded on all sides by an outer ring road, at a distance of some 3 miles (4.8 km) from the centre of the city, which allows through traffic to by-pass the city. The street plan of the historic core of the city dates from medieval times and is not suitable for modern traffic. As a consequence many of the routes inside the city walls are designated as car free during business hours or restrict traffic entirely. To alleviate this situation, five bus based park and ride sites operate in York. The sites are located towards the edge of the urban area, with easy access from the ring road, and allow out of town visitors to complete their journey into the city centre by bus.[89]
York has been a major railway centre since the first line arrived in 1839 at the beginning of the railway age. For many years the city hosted the headquarters and works of the North Eastern Railway.[40] York railway station is a principal stop on the East Coast Main Line from London to Newcastle and Edinburgh. It takes less than two hours to get to York from London by rail, with at least 25 direct trains each weekday. The station is also served by long distance trains on Cross Country services linking Edinburgh and Newcastle with destinations in south and west England via Birmingham.[90] TransPennine Express provide a frequent service of semi-fast trains linking York to Newcastle, Scarborough, Leeds, Manchester, Manchester Airport, and Liverpool. Local stopping services by Northern Rail connect York to Bridlington, Harrogate, Hull, Leeds, Sheffield and many intermediate points, as well as many other stations across Greater Manchester and Lancashire.[90]
York has an airfield at the former RAF Elvington, some 7 miles (11 km) south-east of the city centre, which is the home of the Yorkshire Air Museum. Elvington is used for private aviation. Plans have been drafted to expand the site for business aviation or a full commercial service.[91]
York is linked to Manchester Airport by an hourly direct TransPennine Express train, giving access to the principal airport serving the north of England, with connections to many destinations in Europe, North America, Africa, and Asia.[90] Leeds Bradford Airport is closer to York but the hourly York Air Coach service operated by First York was withdrawn as of April 2009.[92] Leeds Bradford Airport provides connections to most major European and North African airports as well as Pakistan and New York.
File:York ftr.jpg
A York FTR bus
Public transport within the city is largely bus based. The principal bus operator is First York, a part of FirstGroup plc. First York operates the majority of the city's local bus services, as well as the York park and ride services. York is the location of the first implementation of FirstGroup's experimental, and controversial, ftr bus concept, which seeks to confer the advantages of a modern tramway system at a lower cost.[93] Transdev York and York Pullman also operate a number of local bus services. Open top tourist and sightseeing buses are operated by Transdev York on behalf of City Sightseeing, and by York Pullman.[94]
Rural services, linking local towns and villages with York, are provided by a number of companies.[95] Longer distance bus services are provided by a number of operators including, Arriva Yorkshire services to Selby, East Yorkshire Motor Services on routes to Hull, Beverley, Pocklington, Harrogate & District services to Knaresborough and Harrogate. Yorkshire Coastliner links Leeds via York with Scarborough, Filey, Bridlington and Whitby.[96]
Local Transport Plan 2006[link]
English local authorities are required to produce Local Transport Plans (LTPs), strategies for developing local integrated transport as part of a longer-term vision. LTPs are used by central government to allocate funding for transport schemes.The final Local Transport Plan 2006–2011 for York was submitted to central government in March 2006. The plan addresses the fact that traffic in York is predicted to grow considerably over the coming years. The key aims of the plan are to ease congestion and improve accessibility, air quality and safety. Major funding allocations earmarked for the first five years of the plan's life span include outer ring road improvements, improved management of the highway network, improvements to the bus network including park and ride services, provision of off-road walking and cycling routes, air quality improvements and safety measures.[97]
Education[link]
See also: List of schools in York
The University of York's main campus is on the southern edge of the city at Heslington and is currently undergoing significant expansion with new buildings and departments including Management, Law, Theatre, Film, and Television at Heslington East. The Department of Archaeology and the graduate Centres for Eighteenth Century Studies and Medieval Studies are located in the historic King's Manor in the city centre.[98] It was York's only institution with university status until 2006, when the more centrally located York St John University, formerly an autonomous college of the University of Leeds, attained full university status. The city also hosts a branch of The College of Law. The University of York also has a highly rated[99] medical school, Hull York Medical School.
The city has two major further education institutions. York College is an amalgamation of York Technical College and York Sixth Form College. Students there study a very wide range of academic and vocational courses, and range from school leavers and sixth formers to people training to make career moves.[100] Askham Bryan College offers further education courses, foundation and honours degrees, specialising in more vocational subjects such as horticulture, agriculture, animal management and even golf course management.[101]
There are 70 local authority schools with over 24,000 pupils in the City of York Council area.[102] The City of York Council manages most primary and secondary schools within the city. Primary schools cover education from ages 5–11, with some offering early years education from age 3. From 11–16 education is provided by 10 secondary schools, four of which offer additional education up to the age of 18.[103] In 2007 Oaklands Sports College and Lowfield Comprehensive School merged to become one school known as York High School.[104]
York also has several private schools. St Peter's School was founded in 627 and the scholar Alcuin, who went on to serve Charlemagne, taught here.[105] It was also the school attended by Guy Fawkes.[106] Two schools have Quaker origins: Bootham School is co-educational[107] and The Mount School is all-girls.[108] On the outskirts of the city is Queen Margaret's School. Pupils from The Minster School, York sing in York Minster choir.
Public services[link]
Under the requirements of the Municipal Corporations Act 1835, York City Council had to appoint a Watch Committee which established a police force and appointed a chief constable.[109] On 1 June 1968 the York City, East Riding of Yorkshire and North Riding of Yorkshire police forces were amalgamated to form the York and North East Yorkshire Police. Since 1974, Home Office policing in York has been provided by the North Yorkshire Police. The force's "Central Area" has its headquarters for policing York and nearby Selby in Fulford, York.[110] Statutory emergency fire and rescue service is provided by the North Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service, whose headquarters is at Northallerton.[111]
The first hospital in York, the York County Hospital, opened in 1740 in Monkgate[112] and was funded by public subscription. It closed in 1976 when it was replaced by the purpose built York Hospital, which opened in 1976 and gained Foundation status in April 2007. It has 524 adult inpatient beds and 127 special purpose beds providing general healthcare and some specialist inpatient, daycase and outpatient services.[113] It is also known as York District Hospital and YDH.[113]
The Yorkshire Ambulance Service NHS Trust was formed on 1 July 2006 bringing together South Yorkshire Ambulance Service, West Yorkshire Metropolitan Ambulance Service and the North and East Yorkshire parts of Tees, East and North Yorkshire Ambulance Service to provide patient transport.[114] Other forms of health care are provided for locally by several small clinics and surgeries.
The city's first subscription library opened in 1794,[115] but it wasn't until 1893 that York's first free public library was built to mark Queen Victoria's jubilee. The library was initially on Clifford Street, but a new building was built on Museum Street which opened in 1927, and which is still the library today.
Since 1998 waste management has been co-ordinated via the York and North Yorkshire Waste Partnership.[116] York's Distribution Network Operator for electricity is CE Electric UK;[117] there are no power stations in the city. Yorkshire Water, which has a local water extraction plant on the River Derwent at Elvington, manages York's drinking and waste water.[118] The city has its own Magistrates' Court,[119] and more unusually a Crown Court[120] and County Court too.[121] The Crown Court was designed by the architect John Carr, next to the then prison (including execution area).[122] The former prison is now the Castle Museum but still contains the cells.
Main sights[link]
See also: York sites of interest and medieval churches of York
York Minster, the largest Gothic cathedral in northern Europe, stands at the city's centre.[123]
York Castle, a complex of buildings ranging from the medieval Clifford's Tower to the 20th century entrance to the York Castle Museum (formerly a prison) has had a chequered history.
York's centre is enclosed by the city's medieval walls, which are a popular walk.[124] These defences are the most complete in England. They have the only walls set on high ramparts and they retain all their principal gateways.[125] They incorporate part of the walls of the Roman fortress and some Norman and medieval work, as well as 19th- and 20th-century renovations.[126] The entire circuit is approximately 2.5 miles (4 km), and encloses an area of 263 acres (106 ha).[127] The north-east section includes a part where walls never existed, because the Norman moat of York Castle, formed by damming the River Foss, also created a lake which acted as a city defence. This lake was later called the King's Fishpond, as the rights to fish belonged to the Crown.
A feature of central York is the Snickelways, narrow pedestrian routes, many of which led towards the former market-places in Pavement and St Sampson's Square.[128] The Shambles is a narrow medieval street, lined with shops, boutiques and tea rooms. Most of these premises were once butchers' shops, and the hooks from which carcasses were hung and the shelves on which meat was laid out can still be seen outside some of them. The street also contains the Shrine of Margaret Clitherow, although it is not located in the house where she lived.[129] Goodramgate has many medieval houses including the early 14th century Lady Row built to finance a Chantry, at the edge of the churchyard of Holy Trinity church.
As well as the Castle Museum, the city contains numerous other museums and historic buildings such as the Yorkshire Museum and its Museum Gardens, JORVIK Viking Centre, the York Art Gallery, the Richard III Museum, the Merchant Adventurers' Hall, the reconstructed medieval house Barley Hall (owned by the York Archaeological Trust), Fairfax House (owned by the York Civic Trust), the Mansion House (the historic home of the Lord Mayor), and the Treasurer's House (owned by the National Trust).[130] The National Railway Museum is situated just beyond the station, and is home to a vast range of transport material and the largest collection of railway locomotives in the world. Included in this collection are the world's fastest steam locomotive LNER 4468 Mallard and the world famous 4472 Flying Scotsman, which is being overhauled in the Museum.[131]
York is noted for its numerous churches and pubs. Most of the remaining churches in York are from the medieval period. St William's College behind the Minster, and Bedern Hall, off Goodramgate, are former dwelling places of the canons of the Minster.[132]
Culture[link]
Theatre[link]
The Theatre Royal, which was established in 1744, produces an annual pantomime which attracts loyal audiences from around the country to see its veteran star, Berwick Kaler.[133] The Grand Opera House and Joseph Rowntree Theatre also offer a variety of productions.[134][135] The city is home to the Riding Lights Theatre Company, which as well as operating a busy national touring department, also operates a busy youth theatre and educational departments. York is also home to a number of amateur dramatic groups.[136] The Department of Theatre, Film and Television, and Student Societies of the University of York put on public drama performances.[137]
The York Mystery Plays are performed every 4 years with texts based on the original medieval plays of this type that were performed by the guilds - often with specific connections to the subject matter of each play. (For instance the fishmongers used to present the play of Noah and the Flood). The York Cycle of Mystery Plays or Pageants is the most complete in England. Originally performed from wagons at various locations around the city, following their resurrection in the middle of the 20th century as part of the quadrennial York City Festival, they were mostly produced in a temporary open-air theatre within the ruins of St. Mary's Abbey, using a mixture of professional and amateur actors. Lead actors have included Christopher Timothy (in the role of Christ) and Dame Judi Dench (who has appeared three times). Latterly the cycle has also been presented within York Minster and occasionally from wagons in the streets, recreating the original productions. In 2012 the York Mystery Plays will be performed between 2 and 27 August at St. Mary's Abbey in the York Museum Gardens.[138]
Music[link]
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Among many music groups performing regularly in York are the Academy of St Olave's, a chamber orchestra which gives concerts in the beautiful setting of St Olave's Church, Marygate.[139] A former church, St Margaret's, Walmgate, is now the National Centre for Early Music, which hosts concerts, broadcasts, competitions and events through the year, especially during the York Early Music Festival.[140][141] Students, staff and visiting artists of York St John University music department regularly perform lunchtime concerts in the University chapel, alongside special performances such as the annual Christmas concert. The staff and students of the University of York also perform in the city and particularly in the Sir Jack Lyons Concert Hall on the Heslington campus.[142]
Gastronomy[link]
In September, York has an annual Festival of Food and Drink, which has been held in the city since 1997. The aim of the festival is to spotlight food culture in York and North Yorkshire by promoting local food production.The Festival generates up to 150,000 visitors over 10 days, from all over the country.[143] One of the notable local products is York ham, a type of cured ham,[144] which is a mild-flavoured ham that has delicate pink meat and does not need further cooking before eating. It is traditionally served with Madeira Sauce.[145][146] It is a lightly smoked, dry-cured ham, which is saltier but milder in flavour than other European dry-cured hams.[147] Folklore has it that the oak construction for York Minster provided the sawdust for smoking the ham. Robert Burrow Atkinson's butchery shop, in Blossom Street, is the birthplace of the original “York Ham” and the reason why the premises became famous.[148]
In the centre of York, in St Helen’s Square, there is the York branch of Bettys Café Tea Rooms. Bettys founder, Frederick Belmont, travelled on the maiden voyage of the Queen Mary in 1936. He was so impressed by the splendour of the ship that he employed the Queen Marys’ designers and craftsmen to turn a dilapidated furniture store in York into an elegant café in St Helen’s Square. A few years after Bettys opened in York war broke out, and the basement ‘Bettys Bar’, became a favourite haunt of the thousands of airmen stationed around York. ‘Bettys Mirror’, on which many of them engraved their signatures with a diamond pen, remains on display today as a tribute to them.[149]
Media[link]
The York area is served by a local newspaper, The Press (known as the Evening Press until April 2006), The York Advertiser newspaper (based at The Press on Walmgate), and two local radio stations Minster FM and BBC Radio York.[150][151][152][153] Local news and events are covered by a social media enterprise called One&Other.[154]
York St John University has a Film and Television Production department with links to many major industrial partners. The department hosts an annual festival of student work and a showcase of other regional films.[155]
The University of York has its own television station York Student Television (YSTV) and two campus newspapers Nouse and York Vision.[156] Its radio station URY is the longest running legal independent radio station in the UK, and was voted BBC Radio 1 Student Radio Station of the Year 2005.[157][158]
Sport[link]
The city's football team is York City, and are playing in League Two at the start of the 2012–2013 season. York have played as high as the old Second Division but are best known for their "giant killing" status in cup competitions, having reached the FA Cup semi-final in 1955 and beaten Manchester United 3–0 during the 1995–96 League Cup. Their matches are played at Bootham Crescent.[159]
York also has a strong rugby league history. York FC, later known as York Wasps, formed in 1901, were one of the oldest rugby league clubs in the country but the effects of a move to the out of town Huntington Stadium, poor results and falling attendances led to their bankruptcy in 2002.[160] The supporters formed a new club, York City Knights, who now play at the same stadium in Championship 1.[161] There are three amateur rugby league teams in York, New Earswick All Blacks, York Acorn and Heworth. York International 9s is a rugby league nines tournament which takes place in York each year.[162] Amateur side York Lokomotive compete in the Rugby League Conference.
An open rowing club York City Rowing Club is located underneath Lendal Bridge.[163] The rowing clubs of The University of York, York St John University Rowing Club and Leeds University Boat Club as well as York City RC using the Ouse for training.
York Racecourse was established in 1731 and from 1990 has been awarded Northern Racecourse of the Year for 17 years running. This major horseracing venue is located on the Knavesmire and sees thousands flocking to the city every year for the 15 race meetings. The Knavesmire Racecourse also hosted Royal Ascot in 2005.[164] In August racing takes place over the three day Ebor Festival that includes the Ebor Handicap dating from 1843.[165]
Motorbike speedway once took place at York. The track in the Burnholme Estate was completed in 1930 and a demonstration event staged. In 1931 the track staged team and open events and the York team took part in the National Trophy.[166]
The most notable sportsmen to come from York in recent years are footballer Marco Gabbiadini and former England manager Steve McClaren,[167] who both attended Nunthorpe Grammar School (now called Millthorpe School).[168]
There are two sailing clubs close to York, both of which sail dinghies on the River Ouse. The York RI (Railway Institute) Sailing Club has a club bouse and boat park on the outskirts of Bishopthorpe, a village 3 miles (4.8 km) to the south of York. The Yorkshire Ouse Sailing Club has a club house in the village of Naburn, 5 miles (8.0 km) south of York.
Twin cities[link]
York is twinned with: Dijon, France (1953)[169] and Münster, Germany (1957).[169] There is also a community link with Fanteakwa District, Ghana.[170]
See also[link]
Notes[link]
- a There was no census in 1941: figures are from National Register. United Kingdom and Isle of Man. Statistics of Population on 29 September 1939 by Sex, Age and Marital Condition.
- b There is a discrepancy of 37 between Office of National Statistics figures (quoted before) and those on the Vision of Britain website (quoted here).
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- ^ Hickling, Alfred (15 December 2008). "Theatre review: Dick Turpin - Theatre Royal, York". guardian.co.uk (London: Guardian News and Media Limited). http://www.guardian.co.uk/stage/2008/dec/15/theatre-review-dick-turpin-pantomime. Retrieved 18 May 2009.
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- ^ "University of York Concerts". University of York. http://music.york.ac.uk/concerts/newconcerts/. Retrieved 17 June 2009.
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External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: York |
- Photos and images
- Imagine York: Historic Photographs Online Council Library Archive of historic photographs of York, searchable by keyword.
- The Evelyn collection of pictures of York from the early 20th century
- Virtual Tour of York Panoramic views from 2000 to the present day.
- Pictures from York.
- Historical and genealogical sources
- The City of York: historical and genealogical information at GENUKI
- History of York Comprehensive site dedicated to the history of the city.
- Life in a Mediæval City Illustrated by York in the XVth Century
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/York
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Chip Taylor | |
|---|---|
 Taylor at Wolverhampton, 2006 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | James Wesley Voight |
| Born | (1940-03-21) March 21, 1940 (age 72) |
| Origin | Yonkers, New York, U.S. |
| Genres | Country |
| Occupations | Singer-songwriter |
| Years active | 1971–present |
| Labels | Buddah, Warner Bros., CBS, Capitol, Train Wreck |
| Associated acts | Carrie Rodriguez, Kendel Carson, John Platania |
James Wesley Voight (born March 21, 1940), better known by his stage name as Chip Taylor, is an American songwriter, who is noted for writing the songs "Angel of the Morning" and "Wild Thing." He is the brother of actor Jon Voight and geologist Barry Voight. He is the uncle of actress Angelina Jolie and actor James Haven.
Contents |
Early career[link]
Taylor attended Archbishop Stepinac High School in White Plains, New York.[1] After an unsuccessful attempt to become a professional golfer, Taylor entered the music business, writing pop and rock songs, both alone and with other songwriters, including Al Gorgoni (as the duo Just Us), Billy Vera, Ted Daryll, and Jerry Ragovoy.
As "tune tailor"[link]
Taylor's best-known songs are "Wild Thing," which, though originally recorded in 1965 by Jordan Christopher & The Wild Ones, became famous as both a 1966 hit single for The Troggs and a 1967 live performance by Jimi Hendrix, and "Angel of the Morning," a hit for Merrilee Rush in 1968, and then a million-selling single in 1981 for country-pop singer Juice Newton.[2] Other notable pop and country songs written by Taylor include "He Sits at Your Table" (Willie Nelson), "I Can't Let Go" (Evie Sands, Linda Ronstadt), "The Baby" (The Hollies), "Worry" (Johnny Tillotson), "Make Me Belong to You"(Barbara Lewis), "I Can Make It With You" (The Pozo Seco Singers, Jackie DeShannon), "Any Way That You Want Me" (The Troggs, Evie Sands, Juice Newton), "Step Out of Your Mind", "Country Girl City Man" (Billy Vera and Judy Clay), "I'll Hold Out My Hand", "Try (Just a Little Bit Harder)" (Janis Joplin), "Julie" (Bobby Fuller Four), "Lonely Is As Lonely Does" (The Fleetwoods), "Sweet Dream Woman" (Waylon Jennings), "A Little Bit Later On Down the Line" (Bobby Bare) and "Son of a Rotten Gambler" (Emmylou Harris, the Hollies, Anne Murray).
In 2009, Ace Records released a compilation CD of some of Taylor's compositions as recorded by other artists (Wild Thing: The Songs of Chip Taylor)
On his own[link]
Taylor has released recordings on Warner Bros., Columbia, and Capitol. His most popular recording is Last Chance, on Warner Bros. In the mid-1970s, Taylor gave up the music business for a career as a professional gambler specializing in blackjack and horse-racing handicapping. But the year 1980 saw Taylor make an appearance in the film Melvin and Howard.
Performing career[link]
Taylor restarted his performing and recording career in 1993. At a South by Southwest Music Conference in Austin, Texas in 2001, Chip met singer and violinist Carrie Rodriguez, with whom he performed and recorded Americana music for several years. The duo recorded Let's Leave This Town in 2002. They released The Trouble With Humans the following year and the critically acclaimed Red Dog Tracks in 2005. Each has since released successful solo albums. Taylor's double-CD Unglorious Hallelujah/Red Red Rose, his first solo album in five years, was quickly hailed as "a future classic" by Sonic Magazine, whose reviewer declared: "This is the best we've heard from Chip Taylor so far." Rodriguez's solo album, Seven Angels on a Bicycle, was released in August 2006. In late 2006 and early 2007, Rodriguez toured on her own but continued to perform with Taylor from time to time.[3]
Taylor has also performed with alt-country singer-songwriter Robbie Fulks, playing bass for Fulks's January 2004 date at Double Door in Chicago. Taylor has done a series of shows with guitarist John Platania and the young singer/fiddler Kendel Carson, and he produced both their 2007 albums. In addition, the reggae rap star Shaggy utilized "Angel of the Morning" as the basis for his hit "Angel" in 2001. The song also used the bass line of the Steve Miller song "The Joker"."Angel of the Morning" has sold over 13 million copies worldwide.
Chip Taylor´s album "Yonkers, NY" was in 2011 nominee for Grammy Award, for best recording package but lost to "Brothers" by The Black Keys.[4]
In Film[link]
The 2011 indie film In the Family (by Patrick Wang) references and uses Chip Taylor's music and includes an appearance by the songwriter as "Darryl Hines".[5]
Train Wreck Records[link]
In 2007, Taylor launched his own independent label, Train Wreck Records.[6]
Discography[link]
Albums[link]
| Year | Album | US Country | Label |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1971 | Gorgoni, Martin & Taylor | — | Buddha |
| 1971 | Gasoline | — | Buddha |
| 1973 | Chip Taylor's Last Chance | — | Warner Bros. |
| 1974 | Some of Us | — | |
| 1975 | This Side of the Big River | 36 | |
| 1976 | Somebody Shoot Out the Jukebox | — | CBS |
| 1979 | Saint Sebastian | — | Capitol |
| 1996 | Hit Man | — | |
| 1997 | Living Room Tapes | — | |
| 1999 | Seven Days In May... A Love Story | — | |
| 2000 | London Sessions Bootleg | — | |
| 2001 | Black & Blue America | — | |
| 2002 | Let's Leave This Town | — | Lone Star |
| 2003 | The Trouble With Humans | — | Lone Star |
| 2005 | Red Dog Tracks | — | |
| 2006 | Unglorious Hallelujah | — | Back Porch Music |
| 2007 | Live from the Ruhr Triennale | — | MRI |
| 2008 | New Songs of Freedom | — | Megaforce |
| 2008 | Songs From a Dutch Tour | — | Train Wreck |
| 2009 | Yonkers NY | — | Train Wreck |
Compilations[link]
| Year | Album | Label |
|---|---|---|
| 2008 | Angels & Gamblers: Best of 1971-1979 | Raven Records |
| 2010 | James Wesley Days Best of 99-10 | Rootsy / Train Wreck |
Singles[link]
| Year | Single | Chart Positions | Album | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| U.S. Country | CAN Country | |||
| 1973 | "101 In Cashbox" | Chip Taylor's Last Chance | ||
| 1975 | "Me As I Am" | 80 | — | Some of Us |
| "Early Sunday Morning" | 28 | 41 | ||
| "Big River" | 61 | — | This Side of the Big River | |
| 1976 | "Circle of Tears" | 92 | — | |
| 1977 | "Hello Atlanta" (with Ghost Train) | 93 | — | Somebody Shoot Out the Jukebox |
References[link]
- ^ Spectro Pop
- ^ Dallas News
- ^ NPR
- ^ "Black Keys package takes Grammy over Chip Taylor". Countrystandardtime.com. 2007-10-23. http://www.countrystandardtime.com/news/newsitem.asp?xid=5061. Retrieved 2011-11-07.
- ^ In the Family IMDb entry
- ^ Train Wreck Records Press Release
External links[link]
- Interview with Chip Taylor by Spectropop
- Cover History of Wild Thing on Second Hand Songs
- Train Wreck Records site for Chip Taylor and Carrie Rodriguez
- Chip Taylor at the Internet Movie Database
- Chip Taylor at AllRovi
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Taylor, Chip |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | March 21, 1944 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chip_Taylor
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
