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Argentina
Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic (, ), is the second largest country in South America, constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires. It is the eighth-largest country in the world by land area and the largest among Spanish-speaking nations, though Mexico, Colombia and Spain are more populous.
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Austria
Austria or (), officially the Republic of Austria (German: ), is a landlocked country of roughly 8.3 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers and has a temperate and alpine climate. Austria's terrain is highly mountainous due to the presence of the Alps; only 32% of the country is below , and its highest point is . The majority of the population speaks German, which is also the country's official language. Other local official languages are Croatian, Hungarian and Slovene.
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Autódromo do Estoril
http://wn.com/Autódromo_do_Estoril -
Brands Hatch
Brands Hatch is a motor racing circuit near Swanley in Kent, England. First used as a dirt track motorcycle circuit on farmland, it hosted 12 runnings of the British Grand Prix between 1964 and 1986 and currently holds many British and international racing events. The name of the circuit may derive from the Gaelic Brondehach (bron meaning "wooded slope" and hach meaning "forest entrance").
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Brazil
Brazil (; , ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (, ), is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population. It is the only Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas and the largest lusophone country in the world.
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Canada
Canada () is a country in North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's second largest country by total area. Canada's common border with the United States to the south and northwest is the longest in the world.
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Castle Combe Circuit
Castle Combe Circuit is a motor racing circuit in Wiltshire, England, approximately from Bristol. The circuit used to be the perimeter track of a World War II airfield, and opened to racing in 1950.
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Circuit de Monaco
Circuit de Monaco is a street circuit laid out on the city streets of Monte Carlo and La Condamine around the harbour of the principality of Monaco. It is commonly referred to as "Monte Carlo" because it is largely inside the Monte Carlo neighbourhood of Monaco.
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Croft Circuit
Croft Circuit is a motor racing circuit located near Dalton-on-Tees in North Yorkshire, England. The tarmac circuit is just over long and is based on the lands of an airfield, but has long since moved on from being a basic airfield circuit. The circuit holds meetings of the British Touring Car Championship, British Superbike and Pickup Truck Racing race series.
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Donington Park
Donington Park is a motorsport circuit near Castle Donington in Leicestershire, England.
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Finland
Finland (pronounced ), officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden on the west, Norway on the north and Russia on the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.
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France
{{Infobox Country
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Germany
Germany (), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (, ), is a country in Western Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The territory of Germany covers 357.021 km2 and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state of the European Union, and home to the third-largest number of international migrants worldwide.
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Grenada
Grenada () is an island country and Commonwealth Realm consisting of the island of Grenada and six smaller islands at the southern end of the Grenadines in the southeastern Caribbean Sea. Grenada is located northwest of Trinidad and Tobago, northeast of Venezuela, and southwest of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.
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Hockenheimring
http://wn.com/Hockenheimring -
Italy
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Macau Grand Prix
The Macau Grand Prix is a motor-racing event held annually in November in the streets of Macau. It is known for being the only street circuit racing event in which both car and motorcycle races are held. Every year more than three hundred racing drivers and riders gather for the annual event.
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Masaryk Circuit
The Masaryk circuit () or Masarykring, now referred to as the Brno Circuit, is a Czech racing circuit located close to the city of Brno at Kohoutovice. It was used before and after WWII for events such as Grand Prix Masaryk measuring up to in length before the existence of Formula One. It was formerly the site of the pre-war Czechoslovakian Grand Prix and is now used primarily for motorcycle races. in 1962, the track was shortened again to .
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McLaren Group
The McLaren Group, based at the McLaren Technology Centre in Woking in the United Kingdom, is a group of companies created by Ron Dennis, described by the International Herald Tribune as "a small conglomerate". The Group is focused around the Vodafone McLaren Mercedes Formula One racing team and was originally formed from the team established by New Zealander Bruce McLaren in 1963. The company hopes to expand its market from Formula One to manufacturing cars as it prepares to launch the successor to the McLaren F1, the McLaren MP4-12C. In recent years, the group has branched out to other precision manufacturing areas, such as motorized devices for the solar and wind industries.
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Mercedes GP
Mercedes GP Petronas Formula One Team, the trading name of Mercedes-Benz Grand Prix Limited, is the Formula One racing team and constructor of Mercedes-Benz, which is racing in the 2010 season. Mercedes-Benz debuted in Formula One in , and competed with great success in the 1954 and seasons. However, after the 1955 season, Mercedes left the sport, and despite part-ownerships, and engine supplier deals in the 1990s and 2000s, it did not return as a factory team until November 2009. After a fifteen-year relationship with the McLaren team, Mercedes-Benz (through parent Daimler AG), in partnership with Aabar Investments, reached an agreement to purchase a 75.1% stake (Daimler: 45.1%; Aabar: 30%), in the Brawn GP team, pending corporate and regulatory approval. Brawn had won the drivers' and constructors' championships in the 2009 season, their only season as a team following their buy-out of the Honda Racing F1 team.
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Monaco
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Montreal
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Norisring
http://wn.com/Norisring -
Nürburgring
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Pau Grand Prix
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Portugal
Portugal (, ), officially the Portuguese Republic (; ), is a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east. The Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira are also part of Portugal.
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Renault F1
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Sky News
Sky News is a 24-hour based domestic and international satellite television news broadcaster with an emphasis on UK and international news stories.
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Spain
Spain ( ; , ), officially the Kingdom of Spain (), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
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Stevenage
Stevenage is a town and borough in Hertfordshire, England. It is situated to the east of junctions 7 and 8 of the A1(M), and is between Letchworth Garden City to the north, and Welwyn Garden City to the south.
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Switzerland
Switzerland (, , , ), officially the Swiss Confederation (Confoederatio Helvetica in Latin, hence its ISO country codes CH and CHE), is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe where it is bordered by Germany to the north, France to the west, Italy to the south, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east.
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Thruxton Circuit
Thruxton Circuit is a motor racing circuit near the village of Thruxton in Hampshire, England. Originally built in 1940 as RAF Thruxton, a World War II airfield and home to both the RAF and USAAF, it was used for troop-carrying aircraft and gliders during the D-Day landings. In 1946 it was decommissioned and from 1950 it was used for motorsport. Motorcycling was the first sport to be staged there, with motor racing following in 1952.
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Tower Bridge
Tower Bridge is a combined bascule and suspension bridge in London, England, over the River Thames. It is close to the Tower of London, which gives it its name. It has become an iconic symbol of London.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a country and sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island nation, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border with another sovereign state, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. Great Britain is linked to continental Europe by the Channel Tunnel.
http://wn.com/United_Kingdom
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Adam Christodoulou
Adam Christodoulou (born 11 June 1989 in Lichfield) is a British racing driver, who won the 2008 British Formula Renault Championship, also won the 2009 Star Mazda Championship in the United States. His cousin Riki Christodoulou is also an emerging racing driver, currently competing in British Formula Three.
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Adrian Newey
Adrian Newey (born December 26, 1958) is the chief technical officer of the Red Bull Racing Formula One team.
http://wn.com/Adrian_Newey -
Alain Prost
http://wn.com/Alain_Prost -
Alberto Ascari
Alberto Ascari (July 13, 1918 – May 26, 1955) was an Italian racing driver and twice Formula One World Champion. He is one of only two Italian Formula One World Champions in the history of the sport, and the only one winning his two championships in a Ferrari.
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Alexandre Prémat
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http://wn.com/Alexandre_Prémat -
Allan McNish
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http://wn.com/Allan_McNish -
Amélie Mauresmo
MedalCountry|
http://wn.com/Amélie_Mauresmo -
Andy Priaulx
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http://wn.com/Andy_Priaulx -
AOL
AOL Inc. (), formerly known as America Online and logo typeset as "Aol.", is an American global Internet services and media company. AOL is headquartered at 770 Broadway in New York. Founded in 1983 as Control Video Corporation, it has franchised its services to companies in several nations around the world or set up international versions of its services.
http://wn.com/AOL -
Ashley Young
Ashley Simon Young (born 9 July 1985) is an English footballer. He plays as a winger or second striker for Aston Villa. His brother, Lewis.
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Austria
Austria or (), officially the Republic of Austria (German: ), is a landlocked country of roughly 8.3 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers and has a temperate and alpine climate. Austria's terrain is highly mountainous due to the presence of the Alps; only 32% of the country is below , and its highest point is . The majority of the population speaks German, which is also the country's official language. Other local official languages are Croatian, Hungarian and Slovene.
http://wn.com/Austria -
Ayrton Senna
http://wn.com/Ayrton_Senna -
Black British
Black British is a term that usually describes British people of Black African descent. The term, which has had different meanings and uses as a racial and political label, has been historically used to refer to any non-white British nationals. The term was first used at the end of the British Empire, when several major colonies formally gained independence and thereby created a new form of national identity. The term was used primarily from the 1950s to describe those from the former colonies of Africa, and the Caribbean, i.e. the New Commonwealth. In some circumstances the word 'Black' still signifies all ethnic minority populations.
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Black people
The term black people usually refers to a racial group of humans with skin colors that range from light brown to nearly black. According to a recent scientific study, human skin color diversity is highest in sub-Saharan African populations. It is also used to categorize a number of diverse populations together based on historical and prehistorical ancestral relationships. Some definitions of the term include only people of relatively recent Sub Saharan African descent (see African diaspora). Among the members of this group, dark skin is most often accompanied by the expression of natural afro-hair texture. Other definitions of the term "black people" extend to other populations characterized by dark skin, including some indigenous to Oceania and Southeast Asia.
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Bruce McLaren
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http://wn.com/Bruce_McLaren -
Bruno Senna
http://wn.com/Bruno_Senna -
Bruno Spengler
Bruno Spengler (born August 23, 1983 in Schiltigheim, Bas-Rhin) is a French-born Canadian racing driver, nicknamed 'The Secret Canadian'.
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Carl Lewis
Frederick Carlton "Carl" Lewis (born July 1, 1961) is a former American track and field athlete who won 10 Olympic medals including 9 gold, and 10 World Championships medals, of which 8 were gold. His career spanned from 1979 when he first achieved a world ranking to 1996 when he last won an Olympic title and subsequently retired. Lewis is now an actor and has appeared in a number of films.
http://wn.com/Carl_Lewis -
Charles Pic
http://wn.com/Charles_Pic -
Charlie Whiting
http://wn.com/Charlie_Whiting -
Damon Hill
Damon Graham Devereux Hill OBE, born 17 September 1960, is a retired British racing driver from England. In 1996 Hill won the Formula One World Championship; as the son of the late Graham Hill, he is the only son of a world champion to win the title. His father died in an aeroplane crash when Hill was 15, leaving the family in reduced circumstances, and Hill came to professional motorsport at the relatively late age of 23 by racing motorcycles. After some minor success, he moved on to single-seater racing cars and progressed steadily up the ranks to the International Formula 3000 championship by 1989, where, although often competitive, he never won a race.
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Dan Wheldon
Daniel Clive Wheldon (born 22 June 1978) is an English auto racing driver. The 2005 Indy Racing League IndyCar Series champion and Indy 500 winner, Wheldon is nicknamed "Difficult Dan" in the IRL pit lane for his choleric temperament. He currently resides in St. Petersburg, Florida.
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Daniel Ricciardo
Daniel Ricciardo (born 1 July 1989 in Perth, Western Australia) is an Australian racecar driver, the 2009 champion of the British Formula Three Championship.
http://wn.com/Daniel_Ricciardo -
Danny Watts
Danny Watts (born 31 December 1979 in Aylesbury, England) is a British racing driver.
http://wn.com/Danny_Watts -
Dario Franchitti
George Dario Marino Franchitti (born 19 May 1973) is a British racing driver of Italian descent. He formerly competed in the CART series before switching to the IndyCar Series where he was 2007 champion, and won the rain-shortened 2007 Indianapolis 500. Franchitti is also a former NASCAR driver for Chip Ganassi Racing, competing until mid-2008 when his team shut down. Franchitti returned to the IndyCar Series for the 2009 season, driving the #10 Target Honda/Dallara for Target Chip Ganassi Racing.
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David Coulthard
David Marshall Coulthard, MBE, (; born 27 March 1971), sometimes known as DC, is a British former Formula One racing driver from Scotland.
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Denny Hulme
Denis Clive "Denny" Hulme OBE (18 June 1936–4 October 1992) was a New Zealand car racer, the 1967 Formula One World Champion for the Brabham team.
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Duncan Tappy
Duncan Tappy (born June 26, 1984 in West Ewell, Surrey) is a professional racing driver from the United Kingdom.
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Eddie Irvine
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Edoardo Mortara
http://wn.com/Edoardo_Mortara -
Emerson Fittipaldi
http://wn.com/Emerson_Fittipaldi -
Fernando Alonso
http://wn.com/Fernando_Alonso -
Gary Paffett
Gary Paffett (born 24 March 1981 in Bromley) is a British racing driver in the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters. He is also a test driver for the McLaren Formula One team. Paffett progressed through the ranks of karting and junior formulae in the United Kingdom, winning the McLaren Autosport BRDC Award in 1999. He now lives in Hawkedon, Suffolk, England, and is married with three sons.
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Giuseppe Farina
Emilio Giuseppe "Nino" Farina (30 October 1906, Turin, Piedmont - 30 June 1966) was an Italian racing driver. He stands out in the history of Grand Prix motor racing for his much copied 'straight-arm' driving style and his status as the first ever Formula One World Champion.
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Gordon Coppuck
Gordon Coppuck (b. 8 December 1936, Fleet, Hampshire) is a British racing car designer who was chief designer for McLaren and later worked for March and co-founded Spirit.
http://wn.com/Gordon_Coppuck -
Graham Hill
http://wn.com/Graham_Hill -
Guy Smith
Guy Smith (born 12 September 1974 in Beverley, England, UK) is a motor racing driver who has competed in various levels of motorsport.
http://wn.com/Guy_Smith -
Heikki Kovalainen
Heikki Johannes Kovalainen (born October 19, 1981 in Suomussalmi, Finland) is a Finnish Formula One racing driver who spent the 2008 and 2009 seasons with British based team Vodafone McLaren Mercedes, and drives for the new Lotus Racing team for the 2010 campaign.
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Jack Brabham
Sir John Arthur "Jack" Brabham, AO, OBE (born 2 April 1926) is an Australian former racing driver who was Formula One champion in , and . He was a founder of the Brabham racing team and race car constructor that bore his name.
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Jackie Stewart
:For other people of this name see Jackie Stewart (disambiguation).
http://wn.com/Jackie_Stewart -
Jacques Villeneuve
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James Hunt
James Simon Wallis Hunt (29 August 1947 – 15 June 1993) was a British racing driver from England who won the Formula One World Championship in . After retiring from driving, Hunt became a media commentator and businessman.
http://wn.com/James_Hunt -
James Pickford
James Pickford is an English race car driver, born 30 April 1979 in Macclesfield, Cheshire. As a child his interest was in motorbikes; his father Keith ran bike racing teams. However, as with Damon Hill his mother led him towards the relatively safe world of car racing, beginning in karts in 1994. For a while he was coached by former BTCC racer Tim Sugden. His interest in saloon and sportscars began when he won a test in a BTCC car after being nominated for the BRDC McLaren Autosport Young Driver of the Year award in 1998.
http://wn.com/James_Pickford -
Jamie Green
Jamie Green (born June 14, 1982 in Leicester, England) is a British professional racing driver. He is currently employed by Persson Motorsport in the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters (DTM) touring car championship.
http://wn.com/Jamie_Green -
Jean Alesi
http://wn.com/Jean_Alesi -
Jo Ramirez
http://wn.com/Jo_Ramirez -
Jochen Rindt
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Jody Scheckter
Jody David Scheckter (born January 29, 1950) is a South African former auto racing driver, the Formula One World Drivers Champion.
http://wn.com/Jody_Scheckter -
John Barnard
John Barnard (b. 4 May 1946, Wembley, London) is a race car designer and is currently working alongside Terence Woodgate designing high specification carbon fibre furniture.
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John Surtees
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Juan Manuel Fangio
http://wn.com/Juan_Manuel_Fangio -
Jules Bianchi
Jules Bianchi (born August 3, 1989 in Nice, France) is a French racing driver.
http://wn.com/Jules_Bianchi -
Keke Rosberg
Keijo Erik Rosberg () (born December 6, 1948 in Solna, Stockholm County, Sweden), nicknamed "Keke", is a Finnish former racing driver and winner of the 1982 Formula One World Championship. He was the first Finnish driver to compete regularly in the series. Rosberg grew up in Oulu and Iisalmi, Finland. He is the father of current Mercedes GP driver Nico Rosberg.
http://wn.com/Keke_Rosberg -
Kelvin Burt
Kelvin Burt (born September 7, 1967 in Birmingham) is a British auto racing driver. After attending the Jim Russell Racing Drivers' School in 1987 he turned to Formula Ford racing, battling hard against David Coulthard for the championship. He won his class in a British Touring Car Championship round at Oulton Park, before spending 1991 winning the Formula Vauxhall Lotus series, and being voted Autosport Club Driver of the Year. He moved up to British F3 in 1992, winning the title with Paul Stewart Racing in 1993 with 9 wins, a record for a British driver.
http://wn.com/Kelvin_Burt -
Kimi Räikkönen
http://wn.com/Kimi_Räikkönen -
Kris Meeke
Kris Meeke (born 2 July 1979) is a professional rally driver. He is the current champion of the Intercontinental Rally Challenge. His current co-driver is Paul Nagle. He originally began his career as a Computer Aided Designer with M-Sport, at the headquarters of the Ford World Rally Team, before moving on to competing in the 2001 Peugeot Super 106 Cup.
http://wn.com/Kris_Meeke -
Lewis Hamilton
Lewis Carl Davidson Hamilton MBE (born 7 January 1985 in Stevenage, Hertfordshire, England) is a British Formula One racing driver, currently racing for the McLaren team, and is the youngest ever Formula One World Champion.
http://wn.com/Lewis_Hamilton -
Liu Xiang
Liu Xiang (; born July 13, 1983 in Putuo, Shanghai, China) is a Chinese 110 metre hurdler. Liu is an Olympic Gold medalist and World Champion. His 2004 Olympic gold medal was the first in a men's track and field event for China.
http://wn.com/Liu_Xiang -
Lucas di Grassi
http://wn.com/Lucas_di_Grassi -
Marat Safin
http://wn.com/Marat_Safin -
Mario Andretti
Mario Gabriele Andretti (born February 28, 1940) is a retired Italian-American world champion racing driver, one of the most successful Americans in the history of the sport. He is one of only two drivers to win races in Formula One, IndyCar, World Sportscar Championship and NASCAR (the other being Dan Gurney). He also won races in midget cars, sprint cars, and drag racing.
http://wn.com/Mario_Andretti -
Martin Bolsover
Martin Bolsover is a British racing driver. He won the British Hill Climb Championship three times driving a Pilbeam, his titles coming in successive years (1982-1983-1984). He was also well known for holding the sportscar record at Shelsley Walsh for twenty years, finally losing it to Nic Mann in 2004.
http://wn.com/Martin_Bolsover -
Martin Brundle
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http://wn.com/Martin_Brundle -
Martin Kaymer
Martin Kaymer (born 1984) is a German professional golfer.
http://wn.com/Martin_Kaymer -
Martin Whitmarsh
Martin Whitmarsh (born 29 April 1958) is the CEO of McLaren Racing, a subsidiary company of the McLaren Group and Chief Operating Officer of that group, as well as Team Principal of Vodafone McLaren Mercedes, following Ron Dennis' retirement on 1 March 2009. Whitmarsh is also the chairman of the Formula One Teams Association and therefore has the responsibility of representing the F1 teams' interests.
http://wn.com/Martin_Whitmarsh -
Michael Schumacher
http://wn.com/Michael_Schumacher -
Michelle Wie
http://wn.com/Michelle_Wie -
Mika Häkkinen
http://wn.com/Mika_Häkkinen -
Mike Conway
Mike Conway, born 19 August 1983, is a British racing driver. He lives in Sevenoaks, Kent and is active in the IRL IndyCar Series.
http://wn.com/Mike_Conway -
Mike Hawthorn
John Michael Hawthorn (10 April 1929 - 22 January 1959) was a racing driver, born in Mexborough, Yorkshire, England, and educated at Ardingly College, West Sussex.
http://wn.com/Mike_Hawthorn -
Mike Jordan
For the former professional basketball player, see Michael Jordan.
http://wn.com/Mike_Jordan -
Narain Karthikeyan
Kumar Ram Narain Karthikeyan (; born 14 January 1977, Coimbatore, India) is the first Formula One motor racing driver from India. He has previously competed in Formula One, A1GP, and the Le Mans Series. He made his Formula One debut in with the Jordan team, and was a WilliamsF1 test driver in and . Like other former F1 drivers, Karthikeyan has moved to stock car racing and is driving the #60 Safe Auto Insurance Company Toyota Tundra for Wyler Racing in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series.
http://wn.com/Narain_Karthikeyan -
Neil Oatley
Neil Oatley (born June 12, 1954) is currently Design and Development Director for the McLaren Formula One team.
http://wn.com/Neil_Oatley -
Nelson Piquet
Nelson Piquet Souto Maior (born August 17, 1952), known as Nelson Piquet, is a Brazilian former racing driver. He was Formula One world champion in , and . He is one of eight drivers to win three or more world championships, the others being Jack Brabham, Jackie Stewart, Niki Lauda, Ayrton Senna (3 each), Alain Prost (4), Juan Manuel Fangio (5), and Michael Schumacher (7). In 1983, he became the only driver to win the F1 championship in a BMW engined car.
http://wn.com/Nelson_Piquet -
Nelson Piquet, Jr.
http://wn.com/Nelson_Piquet_Jr -
Nicholas Tombazis
Nicholas Tombazis (born April 22, 1968 in Athens, Greece) is the chief designer at Ferrari.
http://wn.com/Nicholas_Tombazis -
Nico Hülkenberg
http://wn.com/Nico_Hülkenberg -
Nico Rosberg
Nico Rosberg (born 27 June 1985 in Wiesbaden, West Germany) is a racing driver for the Mercedes GP Formula One team. He races under the German flag in Formula One, although he competed for Finland earlier in his career. He holds dual nationality of these two countries.
http://wn.com/Nico_Rosberg -
Nicole Scherzinger
Nicole Prescovia Elikolani Valiente Scherzinger (born June 29, 1978) is an American singer, songwriter, dancer and occasional actress who is best known as the lead singer of the Pussycat Dolls.
http://wn.com/Nicole_Scherzinger -
Nigel Mansell
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http://wn.com/Nigel_Mansell -
Niki Lauda
Andreas Nikolaus "Niki" Lauda (born February 22, 1949 in Vienna) is an Austrian former Formula One (F1) racing driver and three-time F1 World Champion. More recently an aviation entrepreneur, he has founded and run two airlines and was manager of the Jaguar Formula One racing team for two years.
http://wn.com/Niki_Lauda -
Norbert Haug
http://wn.com/Norbert_Haug -
Oliver Gavin
Oliver Benjamin Gavin (born 29 September 1972 in Huntingdon), is a British racing driver. He was raised in the village of Felmersham, Bedfordshire. He attended the local Primary school, Pinchmill. At age nine he attended Lincroft Middle School and then took his GCSEs and A-levels at Sharnbrook Upper School and Community College. The school has produced other notable achievers, Matt Jackson, footballer for Luton, Norwich and Wigan; the athletics star and Women's marathon world record holder Paula Radcliffe and former premiership rugby player Stuart Glover.
http://wn.com/Oliver_Gavin -
Paddy Lowe
Paddy Lowe (born 8 April 1962) is the Engineering Director of the McLaren Formula One racing team.
http://wn.com/Paddy_Lowe -
Pastor Maldonado
Pastor Maldonado (born March 9, 1985 in Maracay) is a Venezuelan racing driver, whose career has thus far centred around single-seater Formula racing. He is the current GP2 Champion, and a former champion of Italian Formula Renault.
http://wn.com/Pastor_Maldonado -
Pat Fry
Pat Fry (born 17 March 1964) is an English motor racing engineer, presently the assistant technical director of the Ferrari Formula One team.
http://wn.com/Pat_Fry -
Pedro de la Rosa
http://wn.com/Pedro_de_la_Rosa -
Peter Dumbreck
Peter Dumbreck (born 13 October 1973 in Kirkcaldy) is a racing driver from Scotland.
http://wn.com/Peter_Dumbreck -
Phil Hill
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http://wn.com/Phil_Hill -
Queen Elizabeth II
http://wn.com/Queen_Elizabeth_II -
Rafael Nadal
MedalCountry|
http://wn.com/Rafael_Nadal -
Rebecca Adlington
Rebecca (Becky) Adlington, OBE, (born 17 February 1989) is an English freestyle swimmer. She won two gold medals at the 2008 Olympic Games in the 400 m and 800 m, breaking the 19 year-old world record of Janet Evans in the 800 m final. Adlington is Britain's first Olympic swimming champion since 1988, the first British swimmer to win two Olympic gold medals since 1908 and Great Britain's most successful Olympic swimmer in 100 years.
http://wn.com/Rebecca_Adlington -
Roberto Merhi
http://wn.com/Roberto_Merhi -
Robin Herd
Robin Herd (born 23 March 1939) is an English engineer, designer and businessman.
http://wn.com/Robin_Herd -
Romain Grosjean
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http://wn.com/Romain_Grosjean -
Ron Dennis
Ron Dennis CBE (born June 1, 1947) is the executive chairman of McLaren Automotive and McLaren Group, and is also a significant shareholder in both companies. He was also the team principal of McLaren, the group's Formula One team, until 2009.
http://wn.com/Ron_Dennis -
Rory McIlroy
Rory McIlroy (born 4 May 1989) is a professional golfer from Northern Ireland. He has represented Ireland as both an amateur and a professional.
http://wn.com/Rory_McIlroy -
Ryan Briscoe
Ryan Briscoe (born 24 September 1981 in Sydney) is an Australian auto racing driver who has raced open wheel and sports cars in Europe and America.
http://wn.com/Ryan_Briscoe -
Sam Bird
Samuel Bird (born 9 January 1987 in Roehampton) is a British racing driver.
http://wn.com/Sam_Bird -
Sam Michael
Sam Michael (born 29 April 1971) is technical director of WilliamsF1, a Formula One constructor. He was born in Western Australia and grew up in Canberra. After studying Mechanical Engineering at the University of New South Wales with a thesis on data acquisition systems for racing cars, he worked with the Formula Holden team. The team owner, Gregg Siddle, employed him on a part-time basis so that Michael could continue his studies.
http://wn.com/Sam_Michael -
Sebastian Vettel
Sebastian Vettel (born July 3, 1987 in Heppenheim, West Germany) is a German racing driver, and the 2009 Formula One World Drivers' Championship Runner-up. He drives for Red Bull Racing alongside Australian Mark Webber in the 2010 season.
http://wn.com/Sebastian_Vettel -
Sergio García
http://wn.com/Sergio_García -
Sergio Pérez
http://wn.com/Sergio_Pérez -
Simon Fuller
http://wn.com/Simon_Fuller -
Sébastien Bourdais
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http://wn.com/Sébastien_Bourdais -
Teddy Mayer
Edward Everett "Teddy" Mayer (September 8, 1935 – January 30, 2009) was an American motor racing entrepreneur who was successful in several categories of racing, including Formula One and IndyCars.
http://wn.com/Teddy_Mayer -
Tiago Monteiro
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http://wn.com/Tiago_Monteiro -
Timo Glock
Timo Glock (born 18 March 1982) is a German motor racing driver, currently driving in Formula One for the Virgin Racing team. At the 2004 Canadian Grand Prix, standing in for Giorgio Pantano who had a contract dispute with Jordan Grand Prix, he joined a select group of drivers who have scored a World Championship point in their first Formula One race.
http://wn.com/Timo_Glock -
Tor Graves
Tor Graves (born Tor Sriachavanon March 26, 1972) is a Thai racing driver.
http://wn.com/Tor_Graves -
Vitaly Petrov
Vitaly Aleksandrovich Petrov (, born September 8, 1984 in Vyborg) is a Russian Formula One driver for the Renault F1 team. He is known as "Vyborg Rocket" in Russia. By competing in the 2010 Bahrain Grand Prix, he is the first Russian driver to take part in the Formula One World Championship. He currently resides in Valencia, Spain.
http://wn.com/Vitaly_Petrov -
Vitantonio Liuzzi
Vitantonio "Tonio" Liuzzi (born 6 August 1981) is an Italian race driver who currently drives for the Force India Formula One team. He has homes in Lugano, Switzerland and Pescara, Italy.
http://wn.com/Vitantonio_Liuzzi -
Warren Hughes
Warren Hughes is a race car driver from Newcastle, England. His wife's name is Roz, and they have 2 sons. After a promising junior career, Hughes raced in touring car and sports car racing.
http://wn.com/Warren_Hughes -
Willy T. Ribbs
William "Willy" Theodore Ribbs, Jr. (born January 3, 1955 in San Jose, California) is a racecar driver who competed in many forms of auto racing. After retiring, he became a sport shooter in the National Sporting Clays Association.
http://wn.com/Willy_T_Ribbs -
Yao Ming
Yao Ming (; born September 12, 1980) is a professional basketball player who plays for the Houston Rockets of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He is currently the tallest player in the NBA, at .
http://wn.com/Yao_Ming
Lewis
Cast
- Season 1
-
Episode 1: Whom the Gods Would Destroy
Anne Sadikov: I'm Anne Sadikov, Inspector. This is my husband, Theodore Platt.::Theodore Platt: [sho...
-
Episode 2: Old School Ties
[dying words, after he has been shot]::Nicky Turnbull: I'll make the front pages tomorrow, bonny lad...
-
Episode 3: Expiation
[Lewis is questioning Le Plassiter who is barely conscious and very close to death]::DI Robert Lewis...
- Season 2
-
Episode 1: And the Moonbeams Kiss the Sea
[while at Dr Hobson's party, a neighbour reported an intruder so Lewis and Hathaway left the party t...
-
Episode 2: Music to Die For
[last lines]::DI Robert Lewis: Sometimes, Hathaway, I worry about your taste in music.::DI Robert Le...
-
Episode 3: Life Born of Fire
[referring to Hathaway]::DI Robert Lewis: How do you trust somebody you don't really know?::Mr Coope...
-
Episode 4: The Great and the Good
DI Robert Lewis: You know, one of my first cases in Oxford, this old don turned toward me and he sai...
- Season 3
-
Episode 1: Allegory of Love
[examining the scene of a murder - the victim has been hit over the head with a large mirror]::Dr. L...
-
Episode 2: The Quality of Mercy
Dr. Laura Hobson: Found this note on the body.::DI Robert Lewis: "Neither a borrower nor a lender be...
-
Episode 3: The Point of Vanishing
[while searching a victim's bedroom, Lewis opens a wardrobe door and sees a pin-up of a woman with l...
-
Episode 4: Counter Culture Blues
DI Robert Lewis: Do you know what I'm doing? Trying to think like Morse.::DS James Hathaway: [faceti...
- Season 4
-
Episode 1: The Dead of Winter
[last lines]::DI Robert Lewis: Between us, we make a not-bad detective.::[pause]::DI Robert Lewis: [...
-
Episode 2: Dark Matter
[Lewis and Hathaway enter the college dining room as a student is saying a long, incomprehensible Gr...
-
Episode 3: Your Sudden Death Question
DI Robert Lewis: What do you think about quizzes?::DS James Hathaway: Terminally pointless. Right up...
-
Episode 4: Falling Darkness
Dr. Laura Hobson: People sift through the cracks if you're not careful....
- Season 5
-
Episode 1: Old, Unhappy, Far Off Things
[Lewis and Hathaway are questioning friends of a murder victim]::Lakshmi Eyre: Look, do you know how...
-
Episode 2: Wild Justice
An American bishop attending a multi-denominational meeting at the heavily Catholic St. Gerard's Col...
-
Episode 3: The Mind Has Mountains
[Caroline Eagleton, tutor of a female student who has just been murdered, tells Lewis about another ...
-
Episode 4: The Gift of Promise
[Lewis and Hobson are examining a woman's body]::DI Robert Lewis: I presume the bleach is to get rid...
- Season 6
-
Episode 1: The Soul of Genius
Liv Nash: You must see stuff like this all the time?::DS James Hathaway: Yeah!::Liv Nash: So, who do...
-
Episode 2: Generation of Vipers
[Hathaway phones Lewis as he is watching TV news footage of them tackling an escaped drug dealer and...
-
Episode 3: Fearful Symmetry
Honey Addams: I was just about to get Joe down, so...::DI Robert Lewis: That's alright. Sergeant Hat...
-
Episode 4: The Indelible Stain
DI Robert Lewis: Can you see these two killing Yelland?::DS James Hathaway: Perhaps very slowly....
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Lewis Hamilton - Interview (The Jonathan Ross Show - 3rd September 2011)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:28
- Updated: 10 Nov 2012
www.pcdworld.co.uk The F1 bits are cut out to prevent YouTube from blocking it worldwide.
http://wn.com/Lewis_Hamilton_Interview_The_Jonathan_Ross_Show_3rd_September_2011
The Many Overtakes of Lewis Hamilton Part 1 HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:43
- Updated: 09 Nov 2012
http://wn.com/The_Many_Overtakes_of_Lewis_Hamilton_Part_1_HD
Lewis Hamilton / Ayrton Senna comparison Monaco (Sky F1)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:53
- Updated: 10 Nov 2012
Follow our Facebook page: www.facebook.com Lewis Hamilton and Martin Brundle look back at how Ayrton Senna drove around Monaco and had a record of 6 wins around the Principality.
http://wn.com/Lewis_Hamilton_Ayrton_Senna_comparison_Monaco_Sky_F1
F1 fan drives Lewis Hamilton's McLaren.mov
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:40
- Updated: 10 Nov 2012
A fan is picked out and gets the chance to drive Lewis Hamilton's McLaren F1 car at Silverstone - the Drive of a Lifetime
http://wn.com/F1_fan_drives_Lewis_Hamilton's_McLarenmov
Fernando Alonso Vs. Lewis Hamilton - HD.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:37
- Updated: 11 Nov 2012
www.twitter.com - My remake of my most successful film ever - Fernando Alonso Vs Lewis Hamilton. Two of the best drivers in Formula 1 today. SONG; Main Theme - Heavy Rain.
http://wn.com/Fernando_Alonso_Vs_Lewis_Hamilton_HD
F1 2012 Champions Mode - Lewis Hamilton Challenge (Xbox 360)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:10
- Updated: 10 Nov 2012
www.insidesimracing.tv presents F1 2012 by Codemasters for the Xbox 360. We take on the second challenge of the champions mode of the game. In this challenge you compete against your teammate Lewis Hamilton at Autódromo José Carlos Pace in Interlagos, Sao Paulo, Brazil. The weather is changing rapidly and you must decide to stay out or go in for wet tires. To see more videos of F1 2012 please visit our F1 2012 page here www.insidesimracing.tv
http://wn.com/F1_2012_Champions_Mode_Lewis_Hamilton_Challenge_Xbox_360
Sergio Pérez vs Lewis Hamilton
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:24
- Updated: 11 Nov 2012
2012 Japanese Grand Prix. Worked the first time, ended in tears the second time.
http://wn.com/Sergio_Pérez_vs_Lewis_Hamilton
Lewis Hamilton
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:02
- Updated: 07 Nov 2012
987TV got the chance to meet the Formula One racing driver, Lewis Hamilton. Rozz gets an up close and personal interview with him in the presence of some of his lucky fans. Are you ready for F1 2012? Who is your favorite? Do subscribe to 987TV for more celebrity interviews.
http://wn.com/Lewis_Hamilton
Lewis Hamilton - Comeback
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:24
- Updated: 09 Nov 2012
This compilation is a tribute and a promo for next season. After winning the championship title in 2008, Lewis had three seasons full of ups and downs. Hopefully he'll come back faster and stronger than ever in new 2012 season. Good luck Lewis! Follow me on twitter for more information and football/F1 discussion: www.twitter.com
http://wn.com/Lewis_Hamilton_Comeback
Martin Brundle and Niki Lauda - About Lewis Hamilton's Move to Mercedes
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:13
- Updated: 11 Nov 2012
A short interview with Niki Lauda about Lewis Hamilton's move to Mercedes for 2013 Season.
http://wn.com/Martin_Brundle_and_Niki_Lauda_About_Lewis_Hamilton's_Move_to_Mercedes
Jake Humphrey interviews Lewis Hamilton
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:16
- Updated: 01 Nov 2012
http://wn.com/Jake_Humphrey_interviews_Lewis_Hamilton
Lewis Hamilton Signs With Mercedes
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:55
- Updated: 04 Nov 2012
Terry Blount discusses Lewis Hamilton leaving McLaren for Mercedes to replace Michael Schumacher.
http://wn.com/Lewis_Hamilton_Signs_With_Mercedes
Lewis Hamilton Interview and Lap - Top Gear - BBC autos
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:46
- Updated: 10 Nov 2012
Watch the awesome moment when Top Gear met Formula One racing hero Lewis Hamilton. Want to know how he did on the Top Gear track in the reasonably priced car? Watch here for the whole interview and lap!
http://wn.com/Lewis_Hamilton_Interview_and_Lap_Top_Gear_BBC_autos
Formula 1 Driver Lewis Hamilton Meets London Cab Driver Darren Eden
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:47
- Updated: 29 Oct 2012
Formula 1 driver Lewis Hamilton meets cabbie Darren Eden, and they discuss how different their lives are, both driving for a living, but experiencing two completely different vehicles!
http://wn.com/Formula_1_Driver_Lewis_Hamilton_Meets_London_Cab_Driver_Darren_Eden
F1 Lewis Hamilton Onboard last laps at Monza 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:59
- Updated: 10 Nov 2012
Lewis catching Fernando
http://wn.com/F1_Lewis_Hamilton_Onboard_last_laps_at_Monza_2011
Chasing The Dream - Vodafone Mclaren Mercedes/ fernando alonso/ lewis hamilton
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 46:15
- Updated: 10 Nov 2012
2007 F1 season Vodafone Mclaren Mercedes #1 Fernando Alonso #2 Lewis Hamilton
http://wn.com/Chasing_The_Dream_Vodafone_Mclaren_Mercedes_fernando_alonso_lewis_hamilton
Lewis Hamilton Cadet Karting Win 1996
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:35
- Updated: 26 Oct 2012
This video shows the Lewis Hamilton racing instinct at work from an early age! Lewis overtakes four competitors on the final lap to win. I believe this was the race that first brought him to the attention of Ron Dennis at McLaren and would eventually lead to the start of his Formula One career.
http://wn.com/Lewis_Hamilton_Cadet_Karting_Win_1996
Will Lewis Hamilton Leave McLaren? Eddie Jordan Investigates
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:23
- Updated: 09 Nov 2012
BBC F1 chief analyst Eddie Jordan explores the possibility of Lewis Hamilton leaving McLaren for Mercedes. On Wednesday Jordan reported that the 2008 world champion had agreed terms with Mercedes and will replace Michael Schumacher for next season. Hamilton managed to qualify on pole for Sunday's Italian Grand Prix, but admitted over the weekend his plans for 2013 are still undecided. If you like this video please subscribe to my channel to see more videos like this. Also when you click 'Like' please share on Twitter and Facebook. Thanks
http://wn.com/Will_Lewis_Hamilton_Leave_McLaren?_Eddie_Jordan_Investigates
Lewis Hamilton plays Codemasters' F1 2010 game
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:03
- Updated: 10 Nov 2012
BBC segment featuring Lewis Hamilton, Nic Hamilton and Jake Humphrey playing Codemasters' F1 2010 game.
http://wn.com/Lewis_Hamilton_plays_Codemasters'_F1_2010_game
Lewis Hamilton talks all things GREAT Britain
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:50
- Updated: 05 Nov 2012
Ahead of the British Grand Prix this week, we caught up with Lewis Hamilton in London. The Vodafone McLaren Mercedes driver talks all things GREAT Britain and explains why he's proud to be a Brit.
http://wn.com/Lewis_Hamilton_talks_all_things_GREAT_Britain
Lewis Hamilton goes all out to woo Mumbaikars; guns Formula 1 car on the streets
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:57
- Updated: 11 Oct 2012
The 2008 world championship goes up close on the streets to give fans a taste of what the pinnacle of motorsports is all about. Watch the video for the details and read the OnCars news at - bit.ly Visit www.OnCars.in for the latest news, reviews, car comparisons and in-depth car research tools that help you make an informed choice about buying a new car by providing you with the on-road price of the car in your city and giving you the ability to book a test drive of the car from the convenience of your living room!
http://wn.com/Lewis_Hamilton_goes_all_out_to_woo_Mumbaikars;_guns_Formula_1_car_on_the_streets
Lewis Hamilton on Jim'll Fix It with Shane Richie
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:01
- Updated: 23 Oct 2012
Copyright infringement with any material is not intended. Enjoy! Like, comment and subscribe! Loads more Formula 1 videos on my channel and more to come :)
http://wn.com/Lewis_Hamilton_on_Jim'll_Fix_It_with_Shane_Richie
BBC F1: Jenson Button and Lewis Hamilton doing BBC F1 Broadcasting
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:30
- Updated: 09 Nov 2012
http://wn.com/BBC_F1_Jenson_Button_and_Lewis_Hamilton_doing_BBC_F1_Broadcasting
Photo: US Army / Public Domain
13 Nov 2012
WASHINGTON - David Petraeus's downfall took another victim Tuesday as the current U.S. commander in Afghanistan seemingly saw his hopes to become head of NATO go up in smoke amid allegations he...
Photo: AP / Adel Hana
14 Nov 2012
GAZA (Reuters) - Israel launched a major offensive against Palestinian militants in Gaza on Wednesday, killing the military commander of Hamas in an air strike and threatening an invasion of the...
Photo: USAF
12 Nov 2012
The amount of ice in the Arctic may be at a record low but Antarctic sea ice is increasing, according to a new study. Antarctic sea ice cover has increased under the effects of climate...
Photo: US DoD / MCS1 Chad J. McNeeley
14 Nov 2012
By Kimberly Dozier and Nancy Benac The Associated PressAssociated Press Posted: 11/14/2012 07:12:03 AM PST November 14, 2012 3:23 PM GMTUpdated: 11/14/2012 07:14:50 AM PST Jill Kelley...
Photo: AP / Khin Maung Win
13 Nov 2012
YANGON: A powerful earthquake that struck Myanmar at the weekend has left 38 people dead or missing, the Red Cross said Tuesday as a new tremor rattled the government's showpiece capital Naypyidaw....
The Daily Telegraph
CPP, the credit card insurer, has been fined a record £10.5m by the Financial Services Authority for the widespread mis-selling of insurance products. The FSA said CPP's high pressure sales tactics exposed a large number of customers to the unacceptable risk of buying products they did not...(size: 10.6Kb)
MSNBC
It's the voice. The voice is everything. History tells us that Abraham Lincoln had a high voice, sometimes described as a silver trumpet, sometimes described as piping, but notably high, enough to be mentioned. And yet, the Lincoln of legend, the Lincoln of movies, has been either been deep-voiced...(size: 5.7Kb)
The State
ORLANDO, Fla. - He was America's most beloved president, a Mount Rushmore icon, a great humanitarian with a bit of Mark Twain's frontier humorist about him. Yes, Abraham Lincoln knew how to tell a joke. "Humor was an essential part of his temperament, even given his melancholy spirit," says...(size: 5.6Kb)
Bulls blow big lead but prevail 112-106 in OT
15 Nov 2012
Kansas City Star
PHOENIX - A long, tough trip to vacate the United Center for the circus is as much a part of most Bulls' seasons as Benny the Bull and memories of MJ. Not this year. The Bulls began a season-high-tying, five-game trip Wednesday night, but it's far more benign than recent vintages. Four games over...(size: 3.4Kb)
Tulsa World
Booker T. Washington's Juwan Parker, Jenks' Jessica Washington and East Central's Bria Pitts signed on Wednesday to play major college basketball. Parker, the Tulsa World's 2011 state boys player of the year, signed with Georgia. Washington, the World's 2012 metro girls player of the year, signed...(size: 5.5Kb)
Score Summaries
15 Nov 2012
Tulsa World
Pistons 94, 76ers 76 Detroit 23 29 17 25 - 94 Philadelphia 17 17 20 22 - 76 DETROIT: Prince 7-13 1-2 15, Maxiell 2-3 4-6 8, Monroe 7-16 5-6 19, Knight 5-9 4-6 15, Singler 7-14 1-2 16, Maggette 2-3 4-4 9, Drummond 3-6 0-2 6, Jerebko 0-3 0-0 0, W.Bynum 2-6 2-3 6, English 0-0 0-0 0, Middleton 0-0 0-0...(size: 8.9Kb)
Winning raffle ticket changed Lewis' fortunes
15 Nov 2012
Tulsa World
NAPLES, Fla. - Stacy Lewis might not be the LPGA Tour player of year if not for her doctor buying a raffle ticket he didn't want. It's a bizarre twist in her unlikely path to the top of women's golf. And it's a reminder to Lewis that whenever she asks that familiar question - "Why me?" - the answer...(size: 4.4Kb)
Pro golf glance
15 Nov 2012
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Site: Naples, Fla. Schedule: Thursday-Sunday. Course: TwinEagles Club, Eagle Course (6,529 yards, par 72). Purse: $1.5 million. Winner's share: $500,000. Television: Golf Channel 66 (Thursday-Saturday, 1:20-3 p.m., 5:30-7:30 p.m.; Sunday, 1:20-3 p.m., 5:30-8 p.m.). Last week: Cristie Kerr won the...(size: 3.2Kb)
Football Playoffs
15 Nov 2012
Tulsa World
Games at 7:30 p.m. unless noted Class 6A FIRST ROUND Nov. 8 Norman 38, Yukon 13 Edmond North 34, Edmond Memorial 7 Nov. 9 Owasso 49, Sapulpa 3 Norman North 21, Southmoore 6 Broken Arrow 35, Sand Springs 6 Jenks 59, B.T. Washington 14 Edmond Santa Fe 35, Putnam North 12 Union 17, Westmoore 14...(size: 6.9Kb)
All-World Rankings: Playoffs
15 Nov 2012
Tulsa World
Throughout the season, the World has updated its rankings of the top area high school football players. Rankings are based on performance this season, potential and previous years' accomplishments. All players listed are seniors except for Wagoner junior Lawrence Evitt. This week's rankings include...(size: 5.9Kb)
Tulsa World
For some, the holiday season will be less cheerful than usual - perhaps even depressing. Grief is difficult any time of year, but some people who have experienced loss feel that pain more keenly during the holidays, said chaplain Ken Bachelor, bereavement coordinator for Grace Hospice That's why he...(size: 5.7Kb)
JBLM soldier matured in Afghanistan
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The News Tribune
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Soldier charged in death of wife, rape of child
15 Nov 2012
The News Tribune
The Army has charged a soldier in an August homicide at Joint Base Lewis-McChord that the victim’s family said was the result of the soldier fatally stabbing his wife. Sgt. Robert S. Chiaravallotti, 41, is charged with murder, rape of a child and assault of a child. The alleged murder and...(size: 3.2Kb)
This article is about the Formula One racing driver. For the footballer, see Lewis Hamilton (footballer). For the steamship, see SS Lewis Hamilton.
 Hamilton at the 2012 Bahrain Grand Prix |
|
| Born | (1985-01-07) 7 January 1985 (age 27) |
|---|---|
| Formula One World Championship career | |
| Nationality |  British |
| 2012 team | McLaren-Mercedes |
| 2012 car # | 4 |
| Races | 96 |
| Championships | 1 (2008) |
| Wins | 17 |
| Podiums | 45 |
| Career points | 786 |
| Pole positions | 21 |
| Fastest laps | 11 |
| First race | 2007 Australian Grand Prix |
| First win | 2007 Canadian Grand Prix |
| Last win | 2011 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix |
| Last race | 2012 Monaco Grand Prix |
| 2011 position | 5th (227 pts) |
Lewis Carl Davidson Hamilton,[1] MBE (born 7 January 1985) is a British Formula One racing driver from England, currently racing for the McLaren team. He is the 2008 Formula One World Champion.
Hamilton was born in Stevenage, Hertfordshire.[2] In December 1995, at the age of ten, he approached McLaren team principal Ron Dennis at the Autosport Awards ceremony and told him, "I want to race for you one day ... I want to race for McLaren." Less than three years later McLaren and Mercedes-Benz signed him to their Young Driver Support Programme.[3] After winning the British Formula Renault, Formula Three Euroseries, and GP2 championships on his way up the racing career ladder,[3] he drove for McLaren in 2007, making his Formula One debut 12 years after his initial encounter with Dennis. Lewis Hamilton's contract for the McLaren driver development program made him the youngest ever driver to secure a contract which later resulted in an F1 drive.[4]
Coming from a mixed-race background, with a black father and white mother,[3][5] Hamilton is often labelled "the first black driver in Formula One",[2][3][5][6][7] although Willy T. Ribbs tested an F1 car in 1986.[8] He is also the first driver of black heritage to win a major race at Indianapolis Motor Speedway in any discipline.
In his first season in Formula One, Hamilton set numerous records, while finishing second in the 2007 Formula One Championship, just one point behind Kimi Räikkönen. He won the World Championship the following season, ahead of Felipe Massa by the same margin of a single point. Clinching the crown thanks to passing the dry tyre-shod Timo Glock in the wet on the final lap, to take the necessary fifth position. Following that, prestigious motorsport weekly Autosport dubbed him as Last Lap Lewis. He has stated he wants to stay with the McLaren team for the rest of his F1 career.[9]
Following his 2008 title Hamilton struggled with less competitive McLarens, in spite of taking quite a few Grand Prix wins he was not able to challenge for the 2009 championship, and finished a close fourth in 2010, being in mathematical contention until the final round.
Contents |
Personal life[link]
Hamilton was born on 7 January 1985 in Stevenage, Hertfordshire, England,[2] and was named after American sprinter Carl Lewis.[3] Hamilton's mother, Carmen Brenda Larbalestier (now married as Carmen Brenda Lockhart and preferring to be known as Brenda), is white British, while his father, Anthony Hamilton, is black British, making him mixed-race,[3] (Anthony Hamilton's parents emigrated from Grenada to the United Kingdom in the 1950s).[3][10] Lewis Hamilton's parents separated when he was two, as a result of this he lived with his mother and half-sisters Nicola and Samantha[11] until he was twelve, when he started living with his father, stepmother Linda and half-brother Nicolas (who has cerebral palsy).[12] In early 2011, Nicolas signed with Total Control Racing to start a racing career in the 2011 Renault Clio Cup.[13] Hamilton was raised as a Roman Catholic by his father.[14][15]
Hamilton's father bought him a radio-controlled car in 1991, which gave him his first taste of racing competition. Hamilton finished second in the national BRCA championship the following year. He said of the time: "I was racing these remote-controlled cars and winning club championships against adults".[17] As a result of this his father bought him his first go-kart as a Christmas present at the age of six.[18] His father told him that he would support his racing career as long as he worked hard at school. Supporting his son became problematic, which caused him to take redundancy from his position as an IT Manager and became a contractor. He was sometimes employed in up to three jobs at a time, while still managing to find enough time to attend all Hamilton's races. He later set up his own computer company as well as working as a full-time manager for Hamilton.[19] Hamilton is now managed by Simon Fuller.[20]
Hamilton was educated at The John Henry Newman School, a voluntary aided Catholic secondary school in Stevenage, Hertfordshire.[21] Alongside his interest for racing, he played association football for his school team with England international midfielder Ashley Young.[19] Hamilton said that if Formula One had not worked for him he would have been a footballer, being a big fan of Arsenal F.C.[22] or a cricketer, having played both for his school teams as a youngster. He subsequently attended, in February 2001, Cambridge Arts and Sciences (CATS), a private sixth-form college in Cambridge.[23] At the age of five Hamilton took up Karate in order to defend himself as a result of bullying at school.[24]
In October 2007, Hamilton announced his intention to live in Switzerland, stating that this was because he wished to get away from the media scrutiny that he experienced living in the United Kingdom. Hamilton admitted under questioning on the television show Parkinson, which was broadcast on 10 November 2007, that taxation was partly responsible for his decision, in addition to wanting more privacy.[25] Hamilton received public criticism from UK MPs including Liberal Democrat MP Bob Russell for avoiding UK taxes.[26] He settled in Luins in Vaud canton on Lake Geneva;[27] other Formula One drivers, including world champions Michael Schumacher, Kimi Räikkönen and Fernando Alonso, also live in Switzerland.[28] Hamilton was one of several super-rich figures whose tax arrangements were singled out for criticism in a report by the charity Christian Aid in 2008.[29]
On 18 December 2007, Hamilton was suspended from driving in France for a month after being caught speeding at 196 km/h (122 mph) on a French motorway. His Mercedes-Benz CLK was also impounded.[30][31] In November 2007, Hamilton started dating Nicole Scherzinger, the lead singer of the American girl band Pussycat Dolls; it was announced in January 2010 that they split up to focus on their respective careers,[32] however they were seen together at the 2010 Turkish Grand Prix[33] and at the Canadian Grand Prix in Montreal, on 13 June 2010.[34]
Hamilton was awarded an MBE by the Queen in the 2009 New Year Honours.[35]
On 18 March 2009, Madame Tussauds unveiled a waxwork of Hamilton in his Vodafone McLaren Mercedes race suit. This wax replica cost around £150,000 and took over six months to complete.[36]
Two days before the 2010 Australian Grand Prix, Victoria Police witnessed Hamilton "deliberately losing traction" in his silver Mercedes-AMG C63, and impounded the car for 48 hours. Hamilton immediately released a statement of apology for "driving in an over-exuberant manner". After being charged with intentionally losing control of a vehicle, Hamilton was eventually fined A$500 (£288), being described as a "Hoon" [boy racer] by the magistrate.[37][38][39]
In July 2011 the father of Nicole Scherzinger announced that Hamilton and his daughter were engaged to be married.[40] However, this was denied shortly after by Scherzinger on Twitter.[41] In October 2011, it was announced that Hamilton and Scherzinger had split up.[42] At the start of 2012, he moved his personal residence from Switzerland to Monaco.[43]
Early career[link]
Karting[link]
Hamilton began karting in 1993 at the age of eight,[4] at the Rye House Kart Circuit[44] and quickly began winning races and Cadet class championships. At the age of ten he approached McLaren F1 team boss Ron Dennis for an autograph, and told him, "Hi. I'm Lewis Hamilton. I won the British Championship and one day I want to be racing your cars." Dennis wrote in his autograph book, "Phone me in nine years, we'll sort something out then." Hamilton drove for Martin Hines' Zip Young Guns Karting Team.[45] From the Cadet ranks, he progressed through to Junior Yamaha (1997) and Ron Dennis actually called him in 1998 after Hamilton won an additional Super One series and his second British championship.[17] Dennis delivered on his promise and signed Hamilton to the McLaren driver development program. This contract included an option of a future F1 seat, which would eventually make Hamilton the youngest ever driver to secure a contract which later resulted in an F1 drive.[4]
"He's a quality driver, very strong and only 16. If he keeps this up I'm sure he will reach F1. It's something special to see a kid of his age out on the circuit. He's clearly got the right racing mentality."
Michael Schumacher, speaking about Hamilton in 2001.[46]
Hamilton continued his progress in the Intercontinental A (1999), Formula A (2000) and Formula Super A (2001) ranks, and became European Champion in 2000 with maximum points. In Formula A and Formula Super A, racing for TeamMBM.com, his team mate was Nico Rosberg who would later drive for the Williams and Mercedes GP teams in Formula One. Following his karting successes the British Racing Drivers' Club made him a "Rising Star" Member in 2000.[47]
In 2001, Michael Schumacher made a one-off return to karts and competed against Hamilton along with other future F1 drivers Vitantonio Liuzzi and Nico Rosberg. Hamilton ended the final in seventh, four places behind Schumacher. Although the two saw little of each other on the track Schumacher praised the young Briton (see quote box).[48]
Formula Renault and Formula Three[link]
Hamilton began his car racing career in the 2001 British Formula Renault Winter Series. Despite crashing on his third lap in the car in testing, he finished fifth overall in the winter series.[17] This led to a full 2002 Formula Renault UK campaign with Manor Motorsport. Hamilton finished third overall with three wins and three pole positions. He remained with Manor for another year and won the championship with ten wins and 419 points to the two wins and 377 points of his nearest rival, Alex Lloyd. Having clinched the championship, Hamilton missed the last two races of the season to make his debut in the season finale of the British Formula Three Championship. Here he was less successful: in the first race he was forced out with a puncture,[49] and in the second he crashed out and was taken to hospital after a collision with his team-mate Tor Graves.[50] He did show his speed at both the Macau Grand Prix and Korea Super Prix, in the latter he qualified on pole position in his first visit to the track and in only his fourth F3 race. Asked in 2002 about the prospect of becoming one of the youngest ever Formula One drivers, Hamilton replied that his goal was "not to be the youngest in F1 ...[but] to be experienced and then show what I can do in F1".[51]
Later in 2004 Williams would announce that they had come close to signing him but were refused the opportunity due to BMW, their engine supplier at the time, refusing to fund Hamilton's career.[52] Hamilton eventually re-signed with McLaren, and made his debut with Manor in the 2004 Formula 3 Euro Series. They won one race and Hamilton ended the year fifth in the championship. He also won the Bahrain F3 Superprix and raced one of the Macau F3 Grand Prix. Hamilton first tested for McLaren in late 2004 at Silverstone.[53]
Hamilton moved to the reigning Euro Series champions ASM for the 2005 season and dominated the championship, winning 15 of the 20 rounds. This would have been 16 but for being disqualified from one win at Spa-Francorchamps on a technical infringement that caught out several other drivers.[17] He also won the Marlboro Masters of Formula 3 at Zandvoort.[54] After the season British magazine Autosport featured him in their "Top 50 Drivers of 2005" issue, ranking Hamilton 24th.[55]
GP2[link]
Due to his success in Formula Three, he moved to ASM's sister GP2 team ART Grand Prix for 2006.[56] Just like their sister team in F3, ART were the leaders of the field and reigning champions having taken the 2005 GP2 crown with Nico Rosberg.[57] Hamilton won the GP2 championship at his first attempt, beating Nelson Piquet, Jr. and Timo Glock.
His performances included a dominant win at the Nürburgring, despite serving a penalty for speeding in the pit lane. At his home race at Silverstone, supporting the British Grand Prix, Hamilton overtook two rivals at Becketts, a series of high-speed (up to 150 mph in a GP2 car) bends where overtaking is rare. In Istanbul he recovered from a spin that left him in eighteenth place to take second position in the final corners. He won the title in unusual circumstances, inheriting the final point he needed after Giorgio Pantano was stripped of fastest lap in the Monza feature race. In the sprint race, though he finished second with Piquet sixth, he finished twelve points clear of his rival.[58]
His 2006 GP2 championship coincided with a vacancy at McLaren following the departure of Juan Pablo Montoya to NASCAR and Kimi Räikkönen to Ferrari.[59][60] After months of speculation on whether Hamilton, Pedro de la Rosa or Gary Paffett would be paired with defending champion Fernando Alonso for 2007, Hamilton was confirmed as the team's second driver.[61] He was told of McLaren's decision on 30 September, but the news was not made public until 24 November, for fear that it would be overshadowed by Michael Schumacher's retirement announcement.[62]
Formula One career[link]
2007 season[link]
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It was announced prior to the start of the season that Hamilton would be partnering defending double World Champion Fernando Alonso who had joined McLaren after leaving Renault. On his debut at the Australian Grand Prix, he qualified fourth and finished third in the race, becoming the thirteenth driver to finish on the podium in his first F1 career race (excluding those in the first ever World Championship round).[63] In Bahrain, Hamilton got his first front-row start, qualifying and finishing second behind Felipe Massa. Hamilton again finished second behind Massa in the Spanish Grand Prix, to take the lead in the drivers championship.[64] This meant that Hamilton broke Bruce McLaren's record of being the youngest driver to ever lead the world championship.[65]
Hamilton finished second behind Alonso at Monaco and afterwards suggested he was prevented from racing his team mate. The FIA cleared McLaren following an investigation. Hamilton had both his first pole position and first victory of his F1 career in the Canadian Grand Prix at Montreal. He led for most of the race even after the safety car was deployed four times increasing the chances of him being overtaken.[66] A week later Hamilton won the United States Grand Prix, also from pole position, becoming the first Briton since John Watson in 1983 to win an F1 race in the US,[67] and only the second person, after Jacques Villeneuve, to win more than one race in his rookie Formula One season since the first year of the Championship.
By finishing third at Magny-Cours behind Ferrari drivers Kimi Räikkönen and Felipe Massa, Hamilton extended his lead in the Driver's Championship to 14 points.[68] This was the first time in his F1 career he finished a race in a lower position than he started, and the first time he had been passed on the race track in Formula One.[citation needed] He took pole at his home Grand Prix at Silverstone and led for the first 16 laps, but slipped to third, 40 seconds behind Räikkönen and Alonso.[69] Having secured this podium finish meant he equalled Jim Clark's 1963 record of 9 consecutive podium finishes for a British driver.
During qualifying for the European Grand Prix, Hamilton crashed at the Schumacher chicane after a problem with the wheel nut caused by the air gun used on his car. He was taken to the circuit's medical centre on a stretcher with an oxygen mask and drip, but was conscious throughout.[70] He was unable to complete qualifying and his existing laptime was surpassed by all other competitors during Q3, thus he qualified in tenth position.[71] After a final medical check on Sunday morning, Hamilton was cleared to race.[72] During a heavy rainstorm which caused the race to be red-flagged Hamilton slid off into a gravel trap, however as he kept his engine running he was lifted back on to the circuit and able to rejoin the race after the restart. His ninth place finish in this race was his first non-podium and non-points finish, enabling title contenders Alonso and Massa to reduce Hamilton's championship lead.[73] Hamilton became the first driver to have his car recovered by a crane and put back on the track during an F1 race, although several drivers have been pushed back onto the circuit by the marshals without mechanical aids when judged to be in a dangerous position, such as Michael Schumacher during the 2003 European Grand Prix.[74] Since then, the FIA have now banned the use of mechanical assistance to help move a car back onto the track, meaning that Hamilton became the first and the last driver to have his car recovered by crane back onto the track.
Hamilton won the Hungarian Grand Prix from pole position following a controversial qualifying session. Alonso had set the fastest time, but was relegated five places down the grid to sixth for preventing Hamilton to leave the pit lane in time to complete his final qualifying lap. Kimi Räikkönen stayed within five seconds of Hamilton for the entire race (excluding pit stop periods). McLaren were docked any constructor's points earned during the race due to the incident in qualifying.[75]
After declaring he had restored his relationship with Alonso,[76] Hamilton qualified second in Turkey. After dropping to third at the first corner, Hamilton looked set for a podium finish with 15 laps remaining, but a right-front tyre puncture forced him to crawl back to the pits, leaving him to finish fifth meaning his championship lead was cut once more.[77]
Alonso beat Hamilton in the Italian and Belgian Grands Prix, leaving Hamilton with a two-point lead in the title race. However he extended his lead to 12 points after winning the Japanese Grand Prix in heavy rain after Alonso crashed. Following the race Hamilton was investigated by the race stewards over his involvement in an incident behind the safety car, which saw both Sebastian Vettel and Mark Webber crash out of the race while following the McLaren. The trio were cleared on the Friday of the Chinese Grand Prix weekend.[78]
After securing pole position in China, which saw changeable weather conditions, Hamilton retired from the race. He experienced considerable tyre wear, notably his right rear, and he ran wide into the gravel trap in the pitlane where his car beached, recording the first retirement of his Formula One career. It was later revealed that Bridgestone became unnerved at the glaringly worn tyres and advised McLaren to order him to make a pit stop, which McLaren refused to do, believing it would be counterproductive. Hamilton himself couldn't tell the full extent of the tyre problem as raindrops were in his wing mirrors. Hamilton thus went into the final race of the season four and seven points ahead of Alonso and Räikkönen respectively.[79]
In the Brazilian Grand Prix he failed to finish in a championship-winning position, finishing the race in seventh after being as low as 18th place during the race, due to two incidents. In the first he was passed by Räikkönen away from the line before being boxed in by Massa and Räikkönen into the first corner, and 'wrong-footed' by Räikkönen mid-corner,[80] Hamilton was passed by Alonso in Turn 3. Hamilton attempted to re-pass Alonso in turn four, but ran wide, dropping four places to eighth. The second problem started on lap 9 when Hamilton encountered a gearbox problem, which meant that he was stuck in neutral and could not select any gears.[81] The gearbox became operational again after Hamilton switched settings on his steering wheel, but he lost 40 seconds while his car was coasting. For most of the race, Massa was leading with Räikkönen in second. If this had been the case come the chequered flag with Hamilton in seventh place, Hamilton would have become world champion. After the second round of pit stops, Räikkönen stayed out a couple of laps longer than Massa and took the lead.[82] Once in front Räikkönen made no mistakes in the remaining laps and won the race to become the Formula One world champion. Finishing second in the championship, Hamilton took the record of Youngest World Drivers' Championship runner-up, at 22 years and 288 days, previously held by Kimi Räikkönen at 23 years and 360 days. In 2009, this record was taken by Sebastian Vettel, who was 22 years and 122 days when he secured runner-up position in the championship.
On 21 October 2007 it was announced that the FIA were investigating BMW Sauber and Williams for fuel irregularities, the BMW drivers had finished in fifth and sixth place, and if they were to be excluded Hamilton would be promoted to fifth and would win the 2007 Drivers World Championship by one point over Räikkönen. Ultimately no penalty whatsoever was given to any team as there was "sufficient doubt as to render it inappropriate to impose a penalty", though McLaren officially appealed this decision.[83] Hamilton subsequently told the BBC he does not want to win an F1 title through the disqualifications of other drivers.[84] A precedent had been set in 1995 when Michael Schumacher, then of Benetton-Renault, and David Coulthard, then of Williams-Renault, were both found guilty of possessing illegal fuel in their cars and in that situation both drivers were initially docked drivers points, but for unspecified reasons it would transpire over a week later that constructor points would be docked instead.
Ahead of the world championship finale, Hamilton answered a question about what it would mean to him to become the first black champion, saying: "It will show that not only white people can do it, but also black people, Indians, Japanese and Chinese. It will be good to mean something."[85] Having made few public remarks about his ethnicity since becoming an F1 driver, Hamilton added: "Outside of Formula One my heroes are foremost my father, then Nelson Mandela and Martin Luther King. Being black is not a negative. It's a positive, if anything, because I'm different. In the future it can open doors to different cultures and that is what motor sport is trying to do anyway".[85]
Team tensions[link]
Hamilton's relationship with McLaren team boss Ron Dennis dates back to 1995,[86] with the first indication that Hamilton was unhappy with his team appearing after he finished second at Monaco in 2007. After post-race comments made by Hamilton which suggested he had been forced into a supporting role, the FIA initiated an inquiry to determine whether McLaren had broken rules by enforcing team orders.[87] McLaren denied favouring double world champion Fernando Alonso, and the FIA subsequently vindicated the team, stating that: "McLaren were able to pursue an optimum team strategy because they had a substantial advantage over all other cars. They did nothing which could be described as interfering with the race result".[87]
The tensions within the team surfaced again at the 2007 Hungarian Grand Prix. During the final qualifying session for the race Hamilton was delayed in the pits by Alonso and thus unable to set a final lap time before the end of the session. McLaren pointed out that Hamilton had disobeyed an earlier instruction to let Alonso pass in qualifying, for fear of losing his own position.[88] Alonso was relegated to sixth place on the starting grid, thus elevating Hamilton (who had originally qualified second) to first, while McLaren were docked constructors championship points. Hamilton said he thought Alonso's penalty was "quite light if anything" and only regretted the loss of constructors' points.[89] Hamilton was reported to have sworn at Dennis on the team radio following the incident.[90][91] British motorsport journal Autosport claimed that this "[led] Dennis to throw his headphones on the pit wall in disgust (a gesture that was misinterpreted by many to be in reaction to Alonso's pole)".[92] However McLaren later issued a statement on behalf of Hamilton which denied the use of any profanity.[93] As a result of these events, the relationship between Hamilton and Alonso temporarily collapsed, with the pair not on speaking terms for a short period.[76][94] In the aftermath it was reported that Hamilton had been targeted by Luca Cordero di Montezemolo regarding a Ferrari drive for 2008.[95]
Following the stewards' investigation into the incident at the 2007 Japanese Grand Prix, Alonso stated: "I'm not thinking of this championship any more, it's been decided off the track. The drivers' briefing has no purpose. You go there to hear what Charlie Whiting and the other officials say. Twenty one drivers have an opinion, Charlie and the officials another, and so it's like talking to a wall".[96]
The rivalry between Hamilton and teammate Alonso led to speculation that one of the pair would leave McLaren at the end of the 2007 season[97][98][99] and Alonso and McLaren subsequently terminated their contract by mutual consent on 2 November 2007.[100]
2008 season[link]
On 14 December 2007, it was confirmed that Heikki Kovalainen who drove for Renault in 2007 would drive the second car for McLaren-Mercedes for the 2008 Formula One season alongside Hamilton.[101] In January 2008, Hamilton signed a new five-year multi-million pound contract to stay with McLaren-Mercedes until the end of the 2012 season.[102]
Hamilton won the first race of the 2008 season, the Australian Grand Prix, having qualified on pole position. In Malaysia, he finished fifth after duels with Mark Webber and Jarno Trulli. He had been demoted to ninth on the grid, from fourth, for impeding Nick Heidfeld's flying lap. In Bahrain, Hamilton destroyed his car during a practice crash. He continued with a spare chassis and took third place in qualifying. In the race, after a bad start, he crashed into the back of Alonso's Renault finishing 13th. This led to him being overtaken in the Drivers' Championship by Kimi Räikkönen and Nick Heidfeld. He was back on the podium in Spain finishing third from fifth on the grid.[103] Hamilton finished second in Turkey,[104] and won the Monaco Grand Prix a fortnight later, putting him in the lead of the championship.[105]
He achieved his eighth career pole position in Montreal but he crashed into the back of Räikkönen during the race, after failing to see that the Finn was waiting at a red light at the end of the pit lane. Both cars were forced to retire and Hamilton was given a 10 position grid penalty for the next race, the French Grand Prix, as a result of this incident. At that race, Hamilton overtook Sebastian Vettel at the chicane on lap 1 but missed the apex and was given a drive through penalty which he served on lap 13, finishing the race in 13th. Despite an error in qualifying that saw him start fourth on the grid, Hamilton went on to win the British Grand Prix in difficult, wet conditions. His performance was stated as being one of his best drives to date.[106] Hamilton himself said in the post race press conference that it was his most difficult and most meaningful win.[107]
In the next race at Hockenheim, Hamilton started from pole position, building up an 11 second lead over second-placed Felipe Massa early in the race. After stopping and re-emerging in the lead, McLaren then decided to keep Hamilton out on-track when the safety car was deployed mid-way through the race. When Hamilton finally pitted, he came out in fifth place, jumping to third after his team-mate let him by and Nick Heidfeld pitted. He then overtook Massa and Nelson Piquet, Jr. for the lead, eventually winning by 9 seconds.[108]
Hamilton won the Belgian Grand Prix on the road, however he was later judged to have gained an unfair advantage by cutting a chicane when he used a tarmac run off area to avoid hitting Kimi Räikkönen.[109] McLaren said that their telemetry showed Hamilton backed off to let Räikkönen past[110] but Hamilton was given a 25 second penalty, thereby dropping him to third. As a result his main title rival Massa inherited the win. Hamilton's lead in the drivers' championship was cut to two points, and a subsequent appeal by McLaren to the FIA World Motor Sport Council was rejected on the grounds that the case was inadmissible.[111] The Italian Grand Prix was won by Sebastian Vettel in the Toro Rosso. Both Massa and Hamilton failed to capitalise on the weather and each other's poor grid positions finishing sixth and seventh respectively. This result cut Hamilton's lead in the Championship to one point.[112] Hamilton finished third at the next race in Singapore, while Massa failed to score any points, allowing Hamilton to increase his championship lead to seven points.[113]
At Fuji, Hamilton took pole in qualifying. His closest rival for the Championship title, Felipe Massa, could only manage to qualify fifth.[114] As the race began Kimi Räikkönen made a good start from second position, getting ahead of pole-sitter Hamilton. Hamilton moved down the inside before the first corner, out-braking himself and running wide. This forced some of the drivers behind him to go off the track, including the cars of Räikkönen and Heikki Kovalainen, for which Hamilton was given a drive-through penalty. A second incident followed soon afterwards, on the second lap, when Hamilton attempted to pass Massa into the chicane at turn 10. Hamilton pulled alongside the Ferrari and as Massa ran wide into the corner, Hamilton made a move to pass him. Massa then ran up inside Hamilton and the cars collided at the second bend of the chicane, pushing the McLaren into a spin. Massa was later given a drive-through penalty for this move. Hamilton, who had been in sixth place behind Massa, dropped down to last place but managed to regain some places and managed to finish the race in 12th position. However Massa finished seventh after being given an extra point after a penalty was given to Toro Rosso's Sébastien Bourdais.[115] This meant that with just two races to go Hamilton led the World Championship by five points from Massa.
At the penultimate race of the season, the Chinese Grand Prix, Hamilton was much faster than all the other cars in the practice sessions, and qualified on pole position.[116] He went on to win the race from Felipe Massa and Kimi Räikkönen, taking a 7 point lead in the World Championship into the last race of the season. Speaking afterwards, Hamilton said "All weekend we have had God on our side as always, and the team did a phenomenal job in preparing the car, which has been a dream to drive."[117]
Hamilton needed to finish at least fifth in the Brazilian Grand Prix to secure the World Championship. After a hard fought race Hamilton was in fifth but, after rain, and in the closing laps of the race, Sebastian Vettel of Scuderia Toro Rosso took the fifth position away from Hamilton. Had the race ended then, this would have given the driver's title to Massa.
On the final lap of the race first Vettel and then Hamilton managed to pass Timo Glock of Toyota, after Glock (unlike Hamilton) had risked staying on the track with dry-weather tyres, despite the rain.[118] This moved Hamilton back up to fifth, ensuring that he finished one point ahead of Massa overall and winning the 2008 title. Hamilton's overtaking move happened after Massa had crossed the line to win. This meant that Hamilton had clinched the 2008 Formula One World Championship, becoming the youngest driver to win the title, as well as the first black driver.[119] He is also the first British driver to win the World Championship since Damon Hill triumphed in 1996.[120]
- Racial abuse
On 4 February 2008, Hamilton was verbally heckled and otherwise abused during pre-season testing at the Circuit de Catalunya in Catalonia by several Spanish spectators who wore black face paint and black wigs, as well as shirts bearing the words "Hamilton's familly [sic]".[121] Hamilton became widely unpopular in Spain because of his rivalry with Spanish former team-mate Fernando Alonso. The FIA have warned Spanish authorities about the repetition of such behaviour.[122] In reaction to this behaviour, the FIA announced on 13 February 2008 that it will launch a "Race Against Racism" campaign.[123]
Shortly before the 2008 Brazilian Grand Prix, a website owned by the Spanish branch of the New York-based advertising agency TBWA and named "pinchalaruedadeHamilton" (burst Hamilton's tyre) was featured in the British media. The website contained an animated image of Interlagos that allowed users to leave nails and porcupines on the track for Hamilton's car to run over. Among thousands of comments left since 2007, some included racial insults.[124] His rival Fernando Alonso condemned the racist supporters.[125]
2009 season[link]
A year after winning the 2008 Australian Grand Prix from pole position, Hamilton started the 2009 season-opening Australian Grand Prix from 18th place on the grid after the McLaren team incurred a penalty for changing his malfunctioning gearbox during qualifying.[126] Hamilton benefited from a late crash between Red Bull's Sebastian Vettel and BMW Sauber's Robert Kubica to move into fourth place by the end of the race. He was then promoted to third after Jarno Trulli was penalised for overtaking him under safety-car conditions. During a post-race stewards' hearing, Hamilton and McLaren officials told stewards they had not purposely let Trulli pass, but it was revealed by release of the McLaren race radio communication that this was not true.[127] Hamilton was then disqualified from the race for providing "misleading evidence" during the stewards' hearing.[128] He later privately apologised to FIA race director Charlie Whiting for having lied to the stewards.[129]
Over the next six races, Hamilton qualified outside the top ten three more times, twice qualifying as high as fifth. He scored minor points at the Malaysian, Chinese and Bahrain Grands Prix. A chance for points, and even hopes for a podium finish came at the Nürburgring when he again qualified fifth, but a puncture on the first lap caused by a collision with Mark Webber sent him down to 19th as the McLaren limped back to the pits damaging the floor and undertray. With the car's aerodynamics damaged he finished 18th – his car was the last of the finishers, and the only one which finished the race lapped.[130][131]
Hamilton's fortunes were reversed at the Hungaroring, the tenth round of the season. A KERS-assisted start from fourth place saw him take second place by the first corner, before losing it to Mark Webber at the next turn. Hamilton repassed Webber on lap five and following Alonso's retirement on lap 13, he led the remainder of the race to finish 11.529 seconds clear of Räikkönen and take his 10th career win and the first for a KERS-equipped car.[132] McLaren's return to form continued in Valencia, where Hamilton qualified on pole position for the first time in the season, heading a McLaren one-two with team-mate Heikki Kovalainen. In the race a poor pit stop by the mechanics lost Hamilton first place but he finished a steady second behind Rubens Barrichello's Brawn.[133]
Hamilton crashed out of the next two races, the Belgian and Italian Grands Prix, going out of third place on the last lap of the Italian race when chasing Jenson Button for second. This mathematically eliminated his chances of defending his title.[134] In September, at the Singapore Grand Prix, Hamilton took his second win of the season.[135] He finished third at the next two races, the Japanese and Brazilian Grands Prix, starting the latter event from 17th on the grid. In the inaugural Abu Dhabi Grand Prix, Hamilton was quick throughout the practice sessions and qualified on pole, six tenths of a second quicker than Sebastian Vettel who was second on the grid. Hamilton led the race, but retired on lap 20 due to a rear brake problem, his first technical-related retirement in Formula One.[citation needed]
Kovalainen left the team at the end of the year, and like Alonso he was upset with the team's favouritism of Hamilton. According to Kovalainen, Hamilton always had priority for the newest parts, and Kovalainen was forced to carry more fuel during qualifying, reducing his qualifying times.[136]
2010 season[link]
After a difficult 2009 season Hamilton was set out to challenge for the title hoping for a better season for him and McLaren. For the new season Hamilton would drive alongside new teammate, Jenson Button, while Heikki Kovalainen moved to Lotus Racing.[137]
Hamilton finished third in Bahrain,[138] having qualified fourth on the grid.[139] In Australia, Hamilton failed to make the top ten in qualifying, starting the race from eleventh place on the grid. He ran as high as third, before ending the race in sixth, after a late-race collision with Mark Webber.[140] The Malaysia saw him in the top three positions in all practice sessions,[141] but a misjudgement on the weather by his team in qualifying, left him on tyres that were unfavourable for the wet conditions. This restricted him to 20th on the grid for the race, before he came through to finish sixth.[142] He was given a warning during the race, after he weaved four times over a straight trying to break the tow that Vitaly Petrov was receiving and was not intending to block him.[143] After the race the rules were clarified by stewards to only allow a driver to weave once even if they are only trying to break a tow.
.jpg)
Hamilton qualified in sixth position in Shanghai, making up four places in the race and achieving a second place finish, behind teammate Jenson Button. This completed the team's first 1–2 finish since the 2007 Italian Grand Prix. The race saw multiple brief periods of rain, and two safety car periods, which upset the order and resulted in many overtaking manoeuvres. Hamilton was involved in a pit lane incident with Red Bull driver Sebastian Vettel, for which both later received a reprimand from race stewards, Hamilton for his second consecutive race after the Petrov incident in Malaysia. Hamilton qualified third for the Spanish Grand Prix, and by the end of the race he was running in second behind Mark Webber and set the fastest lap of the race on the third last lap. The next lap, he speared off into the gravel trap and came in contact with the wall, destroying the left front suspension and putting him out of the race. It appeared that his front left tyre received a puncture and blew out but it was later confirmed by McLaren that the wheel rim had failed and destroyed the tyre, sending Hamilton into the barrier. Despite running in the top three for most of the race, he was classified outside the points.
The next weekend at Monaco Hamilton qualified and finished 5th. For the Turkish Grand Prix, Hamilton qualified a season's best 2nd, behind Mark Webber. He was overtaken by 3rd placed Sebastian Vettel, but managed to reclaim the place soon after. Hamilton was then promoted to 1st after Vettel and Webber collided with each other on Lap 40. Hamilton's teammate, Jenson Button was then in 2nd behind him and later overtook Hamilton, but Hamilton retook the lead in the first corner after a few near collisions. Both drivers held back then and cruised to a the finish, with Hamilton taking his first victory of the 2010 season, promoting him to 3rd in the Drivers Championship.
Prior to the Turkish Grand Prix in 2010, Hamilton evidently had both of his ears pierced, as he was sporting black studs in each ear on the grid before the race, however despite FIA policy prohibiting the wearing of earrings and jewellery at grand prix, the FIA stated that they had no issue with Hamilton's freshly pierced ears.[144] Hamilton qualified on pole for the Canadian Grand Prix, continuing a 100% pole record at Circuit Gilles Villeneuve. After setting his pole lap, Hamilton received instructions from his team to stop on circuit due to a lack of fuel in the car which would not be equivalent to the level necessary for a sample to be taken by the FIA. Hamilton was reprimanded after failing to complete his in-lap in a sufficient time, while his team received a $10,000 fine.[145] This fine did not appear to affect Hamilton who won the race and took the Drivers' Championship lead, after McLaren's third 1–2 of the season. A day after the Grand Prix Hamilton flew back into the UK and drove Ayrton Senna's championship winning MP4/4. Hamilton had been denied the chance to drive it in 2009 when the car had a gearbox problem the day before he drove it at the Goodwood Festival of Speed.[146] Hamilton was clearly excited and overcome with emotion and described it as 'one of the best days of his life'. He also stated that he had 'ticked off one of his dreams' by driving the car.[147]
Hamilton qualified third in Valencia and passed Mark Webber at the start of the race. He went up the inside of Vettel into the second corner but was run out of room by Vettel, jumped over the kerbs and made slight contact which resulted in some damage to his McLaren. When the safety car was deployed after Webber's 300 km/h flying crash, Vettel and Hamilton were on the pit straight. Vettel passed the second safety car line before the safety car exited the pits while Hamilton just missed making the line by about 0.5s. Hamilton passed the safety car after the second safety car line instead of decelerating to follow the safety car. Fernando Alonso was a second behind Hamilton and was disadvantaged by having to remain behind the safety car. Alonso complained on the radio to his team which led to the stewards investigating the incident and penalising Hamilton with a drive through penalty. The stewards announced the penalty 20 minutes after the incident which allowed Hamilton to make a gap before serving the penalty and kept him in second place. This angered Alonso and the Ferrari team as the penalty did not alter the results,[148] leading Hamilton to accuse Alonso of "sour grapes", although the pair reconciled before the next race.[149]
He finished second at his home race at Silverstone, after starting from fourth; benefitting from Vettel's first lap puncture, and followed it up with fourth at the German Grand Prix, while in Hungary, Hamilton retired during the race due to gearbox problems, losing the championship lead to Webber. Despite running into the gravel at Spa-Francorchamps, Hamilton won his third race of the season and reclaimed the championship lead. Hamilton crashed out of the Singapore Grand Prix in a racing incident with Mark Webber on lap 35. Webber had overtaken Hamilton during his pitstop, then Hamilton attempted to overtake Webber whilst Webber was lapping Virgin Racing's Lucas di Grassi. The resulting collision ended Hamilton's race while Webber went on to finish third. At the Japanese Grand Prix, Hamilton lost more ground in the championship race by finishing fifth, falling 28 points behind Webber. However, Webber crashed out at the next race in South Korea, and Hamilton finished second behind Alonso, and fell 31 points behind, as Alonso assumed the championship lead. Despite finishing fourth at the Brazilian Grand Prix, and setting the fastest lap of the race, Hamilton's chances of a second world championship were remote, as he was 24 points off the lead with 25 points available at the final race in Abu Dhabi needing to win himself, as well as needing his other rivals to falter. He finished second to Vettel in the race, who broke Hamilton's record for being the youngest ever Formula One World Champion.
2011 season[link]
Hamilton began the season qualifying and finishing second in the Australian Grand Prix behind winner Sebastian Vettel of Red Bull, despite having to deal with a damaged floor on his McLaren. In the Malaysian Grand Prix, he qualified second and finished seventh on-the-road, struggling partly due to tyre wear and being tagged by Ferrari's Fernando Alonso in the closing stages. Both Hamilton and Alonso received 20-second time penalties post-race for weaving whilst defending and unsuitable driving, which dropped Hamilton to eighth place behind Kamui Kobayashi, while Alonso remained sixth.[150] Hamilton took his first win of the season in China, overtaking race leader Vettel with just a few laps remaining as Vettel had excessive tyre wear using the two stop stratergy.[151] He then finished fourth in Turkey, and second behind Vettel in Spain, after pressuring him for the lead in the closing stages on the prime tyres.
In Monaco, he qualified tenth after Q3 was red-flagged before he could set a competitive time due to a heavy crash from Sergio Pérez. He then passed Schumacher at the start, but was re-passed at the Grand Hotel hairpin. Later on he tried to pass Massa at this point, and hit Massa's side pod, stopping both temporarily. After this he passed and sent Massa into the barriers in the tunnel, putting him out of the race. He was then given a drive-through penalty. Later on, he was being lapped whilst battling with several other drivers. He braked to avoid Adrian Sutil, who had run wide, this caused Alguersuari to rear-end Hamilton, breaking his rear wing. This crash red-flagged the race as Petrov had hit the wall and injured himself. Hamilton's wing was repaired, and on the restart he sent Maldonado into the barriers, putting him out of the race too. He eventually finished 6th, one lap down. He was then given a 20 second time penalty for his crash with Maldonado, but that did not drop him down the order. Hamilton later criticised the stewards after the race.[152] At the Canadian Grand Prix, Hamilton attempted to pass teammate Button on the start/finish straight, though lack of visibility in wet conditions meant that Button was unaware of Hamilton's presence and they collided. Button carried on to victory in a rainy race and Hamilton retired with supposed suspension damage, however it turned out McLaren were wrong and it was only a tyre puncture.[153]
File:Lewis Hamilton2011.JPG
Hamilton took his third victory of the season at Abu Dhabi Grand Prix.
Hamilton qualified third in Valencia, and dropped to fifth at the start, but he passed Massa during the pit stop phase to finish fourth. He qualified tenth at Silverstone, and moved up to sixth on the first lap. He later moved up to fourth place, but was told to conserve fuel towards the end of the race, and started being caught up by Massa. Massa passed him on the last lap, but Hamilton moved ahead at the final corner and marginally held on to fourth position. He qualified second at Germany, and took the lead from Webber at turn 1. Webber undercut Hamilton during the pit stops to take the lead, but Hamilton re-took the lead after the second set of pit stops, where Webber emerged just behind him and he passed Alonso round the outside of turn 2 to take his second victory of 2011. Another front-row start followed at Hungary and had many exciting battles for the lead with Button. He spun whilst in the lead at one point and sent Paul di Resta onto the grass, for which he received a drive-through penalty, but recovered to finish fourth.[154]
After qualifying second for the Belgian Grand Prix, Hamilton failed to finish for only the second time in the season after a collision with Sauber driver Kamui Kobayashi. He finished fourth at Monza, and at the Singapore Grand Prix, Hamilton again caused an accident touching Felipe Massa's Ferrari. Hamilton once more was punished with a drive through penalty, being accused by Massa of being "incapable of using his brain".[155] In a post-race altercation, Massa grabbed Hamilton's shoulder saying "Good job, man, well done". The two collided once more in Japan, but recovered to finish the race in fifth place. Hamilton later told Massa to "grow up", after admitting that his Formula One career had driven over a cliff.[156] In Korea, Hamilton qualified on pole position, ending a run of 16 consecutive pole positions for Red Bull.[157] He led only until turn four on lap 1, where World Champion Sebastian Vettel overtook him and went on to win the race. Hamilton finished second.[158] At the inaugural race in India, Hamilton recorded the second-fastest time in qualifying, but was penalised three places on the starting grid, after a yellow flag infraction in Friday practice. In Abu Dhabi, Hamilton qualified second and won the race, after pole-sitter Vettel suffered a puncture on lap 1 and retired with suspension damage. Despite this win, Hamilton was outscored by a teammate for first time during a season.[159]
2012 season[link]
Hamilton remained at McLaren alongside Button for the 2012 season.[160] Hamilton qualified in pole position for the Australian Grand Prix, but finished third after being passed by Button at the start, and by Vettel after pitting before a safety car.[161] Hamilton again qualified on pole for the Malaysian Grand Prix, but in the race was passed early on by Fernando Alonso and Sergio Pérez, finishing third. Hamilton took his third consecutive third place finish in China, with Nico Rosberg and Button ahead. Hamilton qualified in second place in Bahrain, but during the race, a series of poor pitstops put him out of contention, and he finished eighth. Hamilton was also involved in a controversial racing incident with Rosberg, with Rosberg appearing to push Hamilton off track while he attempted to overtake. Hamilton qualified on pole position for the Spanish Grand Prix, but had to stop the car on track in order for a reputable fuel sample to be given post-qualifying. The stewards decided he had breached qualifying rules introduced after a similar incident involving Hamilton at the 2010 Canadian Grand Prix. Race stewards excluded him from the qualifying results,[162] and demoted him to the back of the grid; but despite this, Hamilton finished eighth, ahead of Button, who had started in tenth.
Driving style[link]
Hamilton is known for his aggressive and interesting driving style. He commonly uses oversteer to control the car's direction change.[163] Confidence in car control allows Hamilton to excel in wet conditions as demonstrated in his performance at the 2008 British Grand Prix. Confidence is also demonstrated when overtaking, as reflected in his 32 overtakes in 4 races during 2010.[164]
His aggressive style often attracts the attention of critics. For example, critics argued that Hamilton's defensive weaving during the 2010 Malaysian Grand Prix in attempt to break the tow of Vitaly Petrov's chasing Renault was potentially dangerous. Hamilton was quick to defend himself to these accusations,[143] but race director Charlie Whiting clarified after the race that such weaving would favour a penalty in the future. At the 2011 Malaysian Grand Prix, Hamilton was penalised for excessive weaving with former teammate, Fernando Alonso.
Helmet[link]
Due to the fact that Hamilton has said in the past that Ayrton Senna was his hero, some people assumed that his helmet is yellow in honour of him.[165] In actuality, it was made yellow so that his father could tell which kart his son was driving back in his karting days. Hamilton chose the colours blue, green and red and they were originally in a ribbon design; however, Hamilton later felt that the design was "a bit old hat" so it was changed. In later years a white ring was added and the ribbons moved forward to make room for adverts and logos.[166]
During the 2010 Monaco Grand Prix, Hamilton had an altered helmet design with the addition of a roulette wheel image on the top. Hamilton had said, "...I'll also be wearing a specially-painted helmet for the occasion. When you see it, you'll know why I'll be hoping for it to swing the odds in my favour."[167] For the 2011 Brazilian Grand Prix, Hamilton wore a special helmet that was a fusion of his usual helmet, and that of Ayrton Senna. The helmet was auctioned after the race in aid of the Ayrton Senna Foundation.[168]
Painting[link]
In October 2008, Ian Cook, an artist, made a portrait of Hamilton the size of two London double-decker buses, which was unveiled by Tower Bridge, London. Cook used up to 50 different toy cars dipped in coloured paints to create the image, which is 12 metres high and eight metres wide.[169]
Racing results[link]
Career summary[link]
| Season | Series | Team | Races | Wins | Poles | F/Laps | Podiums | Points | Position |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 | Formula Renault 2000 UK Winter Series | Manor Motorsport | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ? | 5th |
| 2002 | Formula Renault 2000 UK | Manor Motorsport | 13 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 274 | 3rd |
| Formula Renault 2000 Eurocup | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 92 | 5th | ||
| 2003 | Formula Renault 2.0 UK | Manor Motorsport | 15 | 10 | 11 | 9 | 13 | 419 | 1st |
| British Formula Three | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NC | ||
| Formula Renault 2000 Masters | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 24 | 12th | ||
| Formula Renault 2000 Germany | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 27th | ||
| Korea Super Prix | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | N/A | NC | ||
| Macau Grand Prix | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | N/A | NC | ||
| 2004 | Formula 3 Euro Series | Manor Motorsport | 20 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 69 | 5th |
| Bahrain Superprix | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | N/A | 1st | ||
| Macau Grand Prix | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | N/A | 14th | ||
| Masters of Formula 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | N/A | 14th | ||
| 2005 | Formula 3 Euro Series | ASM Formule 3 | 20 | 15 | 13 | 10 | 17 | 172 | 1st |
| Masters of Formula 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | N/A | 1st | ||
| 2006 | GP2 Series | ART Grand Prix | 21 | 5 | 1 | 7 | 14 | 114 | 1st |
| 2007 | Formula One | Vodafone McLaren Mercedes | 17 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 12 | 109 | 2nd |
| 2008 | Formula One | Vodafone McLaren Mercedes | 18 | 5 | 7 | 1 | 10 | 98 | 1st |
| 2009 | Formula One | Vodafone McLaren Mercedes | 17 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 5 | 49 | 5th |
| 2010 | Formula One | Vodafone McLaren Mercedes | 19 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 9 | 240 | 4th |
| 2011 | Formula One | Vodafone McLaren Mercedes | 19 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 227 | 5th |
| 2012 | Formula One | Vodafone McLaren Mercedes | 6 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 63 | 4th* |
* Season in progress.
Complete Formula Renault 2000 Eurocup results[link]
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position)
| Year | Entrant | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | DC | Points |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2002 | Manor Motorsport | MAG |
SIL |
JAR |
AND |
OSC |
SPA 7 |
IMO 2 |
DON 1 |
EST 2 |
5th | 92 |
Complete British Formula Three results[link]
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
| Year | Entrant | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | DC | Points |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2003 | Manor Motorsport | DON 1 |
DON 2 |
SNE 1 |
SNE 2 |
CRO 1 |
CRO 2 |
KNO 1 |
KNO 2 |
SIL 1 |
SIL 2 |
CAS 1 |
CAS 2 |
OUL 1 |
OUL 2 |
ROC 1 |
ROC 2 |
THR 1 |
THR 2 |
SPA 1 |
SPA 2 |
DON 1 |
DON 2 |
BRH 1 Ret |
BRH 2 Ret |
NC | 0 |
Complete Formula Three Euroseries results[link]
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
| Year | Entrant | Chassis | Engine | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | DC | Points |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2004 | Manor Motorsport | Dallara F302/049 | HWA-Mercedes | HOC 1 11 |
HOC 2 6 |
EST 1 Ret |
EST 2 9 |
ADR 1 Ret |
ADR 1 5 |
PAU 1 4 |
PAU 2 7 |
NOR 1 1 |
NOR 1 3 |
MAG 1 Ret |
MAG 2 21 |
NÜR 1 3 |
NÜR 2 4 |
ZAN 1 3 |
ZAN 2 6 |
BRN 1 7 |
BRN 2 4 |
HOC 3 2 |
HOC 4 6 |
5th | 68 |
| 2005 | ASM Formule 3 | Dallara F305/021 | Mercedes | HOC 1 1 |
HOC 2 3 |
PAU 1 1 |
PAU 2 1 |
SPA 1 DSQ |
SPA 2 1 |
MON 1 1 |
MON 2 1 |
OSC 1 3 |
OSC 2 1 |
NOR 1 1 |
NOR 2 1 |
NÜR 1 12 |
NÜR 2 1 |
ZAN 1 Ret |
ZAN 2 1 |
LAU 1 1 |
LAU 2 1 |
HOC 3 1 |
HOC 4 1 |
1st | 172 |
Complete GP2 Series results[link]
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
| Year | Entrant | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | DC | Points |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2006 | ART Grand Prix | VAL FEA 2 |
VAL SPR 6 |
SMR FEA DSQ |
SMR SPR 10 |
EUR FEA 1 |
EUR SPR 1 |
ESP FEA 2 |
ESP SPR 4 |
MON FEA 1 |
GBR FEA 1 |
GBR SPR 1 |
FRA FEA 19 |
FRA SPR 5 |
GER FEA 2 |
GER SPR 3 |
HUN FEA 10 |
HUN SPR 2 |
TUR FEA 2 |
TUR SPR 2 |
ITA FEA 3 |
ITA SPR 2 |
1st | 114 |
Complete Formula One results[link]
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
† Did not finish, but was classified as he had completed more than 90% of the race distance.
‡ Half points awarded as less than 75% of race distance was completed.
* Season in progress.
Formula One records[link]
Hamilton holds the following Formula One records:
| Record | Achieved |
|---|---|
| Most consecutive podium finishes from debut | 9 podium finishes: 2007 Australian GP – 2007 British GP[170] |
| Youngest driver to lead the World Championship | 22 years, 4 months, 6 days at the 2007 Spanish GP[171] |
| Most wins in a debut season | 4 wins (record shared with Jacques Villeneuve in 1996)[172] |
| Most pole positions in a debut season | 6 pole positions[173] |
| Most points in a debut season | 109[174] |
References[link]
- ^ Hamilton, Lewis (2007). Lewis Hamilton: My Story. HarperSport. p. 33. ISBN 978-0-00-727005-7.
- ^ a b c Kelso, Paul (20 April 2007). "Profile: Lewis Hamilton". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2007/apr/20/paulkelso.uknews4. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
- ^ a b c d e f g Wolff, Alexander (12 June 2007). "'Better Than Sex'". SI.com. Associated Press (Time Inc.). http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2007/racing/06/12/hamilton0618/index.html. Retrieved 21 August 2007.
- ^ a b c "Hamilton's kart sells for £42,100". BBC News. 19 June 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/beds/bucks/herts/6766373.stm. Retrieved 5 July 2007.
- ^ a b "Grenadian roots of first black F1 driver". BBC. 27 November 2006. http://www.bbc.co.uk/caribbean/news/story/2006/11/061127_grenadaf1.shtml. Retrieved 12 December 2006.
- ^ Smith, Adam (12 April 2007). "Lewis Hamilton: The Tiger Woods of Racing?". Time. http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1609725,00.html. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
- ^ Garside, Kevin; Britten, Nick (13 September 2006). "Formula One's first black driver to take his place on grid". London: The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1528611/Formula-One's-first-black-driver-to-take-his-place-on-grid.html. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
- ^ Phillips, Randy (7 June 2007). "Hamilton in fast lane to success". Montreal Gazette/Canada.com (CanWest News Service). http://www.canada.com/topics/sports/autoracing/story.html?id=10a34879-fc5f-4626-84c8-38a41df06500. Retrieved 5 July 2007.
- ^ Benson, Andrew (5 November 2008). "Hamilton in McLaren career pledge". BBC Sport (McLaren Technology Centre, Woking: BBC). http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/motorsport/formula_one/7710778.stm. Retrieved 17 August 2010.
- ^ Viner, Brian (26 May 2007). "Profile: Formula One driver Lewis Hamilton". The Independent (London). http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/motor-racing/profile-formula-one-driver-lewis-hamilton-450381.html. Retrieved 8 September 2010.
- ^ Duffy, Michael (1 July 2007). "MY BOY RACER". Daily Mirror. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4161/is_20070701/ai_n19341883. Retrieved 1 July 2007.
- ^ Matt Dickinson (3 November 2008). "Lewis Hamilton admits: 'I just don't know how I kept my cool'". The Times (London). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/formula_1/article5069252.ece.
- ^ English, Steven (16 February 2011). "Hamilton's brother to race in Clio Cup". Autosport.com. http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/89510. Retrieved 16 February 2011.
- ^ Harvey, Oliver (29 October 2007). "The day Lewis Hamilton feared for career". The Sun (London: News International). http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/398979/Lewis-Hamilton-Exclusive-Interview-The-Sun.html. Retrieved 28 March 2010. "Lewis, a Roman Catholic, credits his dad Anthony as the guiding force in his life."
- ^ McEvoy, Jonathan (7 July 2010). "The truth about Lewis Hamilton and his father, Anthony: Suffocated and frustrated McLaren star simply had to break the bond". Daily Mail (London: Associated Newspapers). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/formulaone/article-1292598/The-truth-Lewis-Hamilton-father-Anthony-McLaren-star-wanted-man-break-freedom.html. Retrieved 8 March 2011. "Anthony loves his family. He instilled in Lewis the typically high standards of a Roman Catholic of Caribbean ancestry."
- ^ Cary, Tom (3 March 2010). "Anthony Hamilton's massive support makes parting with Lewis easier to understand". The Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/motorsport/formulaone/lewishamilton/7355036/Anthony-Hamiltons-massive-support-makes-parting-with-Lewis-easier-to-understand.html. Retrieved 14 May 2010.
- ^ a b c d "Who's Who: Lewis Hamilton". F1Fanatic.co.uk. 2007. http://www.f1fanatic.co.uk/f1-information/whos-who/whos-who-h/lewis-hamilton/. Retrieved 6 October 2007.
- ^ 20 things you don't know about Lewis Hamilton. Nuts Magazine. 22 June 2007–28.
- ^ a b Owen, Oliver (3 June 2007). "The real deal". The Observer (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2007/jun/03/features.sportmonthly/print. Retrieved 5 July 2007.
- ^ Callow, James (14 March 2011). "Lewis Hamilton signs with Simon Fuller's XIX Entertainment". The Guardian (London: Guardian Media Group). http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2011/mar/14/lewis-hamilton-simon-fuller-xix-entertainment. Retrieved 22 March 2011.
- ^ "Lewis Hamilton fact file". BBC Southern Counties. BBC. 19 June 2007. http://www.bbc.co.uk/southerncounties/content/articles/2007/06/18/lewis_hamilton_facts_feature.shtml. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
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- ^ "Lewis loses chance to try Senna's car". ITV Sport (ITV). 5 July 2009. http://www.itv-f1.com/News_Article.aspx?id=46285&PO=46285. Retrieved 29 July 2010.
- ^ Top Gear: Series 15, Episode 5. Silverstone Circuit, Silverstone: BBC. 25 July 2010. Event occurs at 00:57:30–01:01:00.
- ^ "Sebastian Vettel beats Lewis Hamilton in European GP". BBC Sport (BBC). 27 June 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/motorsport/formula_one/8766250.stm. Retrieved 17 August 2010.
- ^ "Hamilton: 'Everything's cool' with Alonso now". crash.net (Crash Media Group). 7 July 2010. http://www.crash.net/f1/news/161344/1/hamilton_everythings_cool_with_alonso_now.html. Retrieved 8 July 2010.
- ^ "Lewis Hamilton and Fernando Alonso hit with penalties". BBC Sport (BBC). 10 April 2011. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/formula_one/13029061.stm. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
- ^ "Hamilton ends Vettel's winning run as McLaren star takes victory in Chinese Grand Prix". Daily Mail (London: Associated Newspapers). 17 April 2011. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/formulaone/article-1377757/Lewis-Hamilton-wins-Chinese-Grand-Prix.html. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
- ^ "Lewis Hamilton launches attack on Monaco stewards". BBC Sport (BBC). 30 May 2011. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/formula_one/13588664.stm. Retrieved 7 August 2011.
- ^ Davies, Alan (12 June 2011). "Hamilton crashes out". Welwyn Hatfield Times (Archant). http://www.whtimes.co.uk/sport/formula-1/f1_2011_canadian_grand_prix_hamilton_crashes_out_1_918767. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
- ^ Holt, Sarah (31 July 2011). "Jenson Button beats Sebastian Vettel in Hungary". BBC Sport (BBC). http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/motorsport/formula_one/9552843.stm. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
- ^ "Massa: Hamilton incapable of using his brain". crash.net (Crash Media Group). 25 September 2011. http://www.crash.net/f1/news/173380/1/massa_hamilton_incapable_of_using_his_brain.html. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
- ^ Gordon, Ian (14 October 2011). "Felipe Massa must grow up". The Sun (London: News International). http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/sport/motorsport/3870992/Lewis-Hamilton-Felipe-Massa-must-grow-up.html. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
- ^ Holt, Sarah (15 October 2011). "Lewis Hamilton blasts to pole at Korean Grand Prix". BBC Sport (BBC). http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/formula_one/15319152.stm. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
- ^ Holt, Sarah (16 October 2011). "Sebastien Vettel wins Korean Grand Prix from Lewis Hamilton". BBC Sport (BBC). http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/formula_one/15326210.stm. Retrieved 23 October 2011.
- ^ Cary, Tom (14 November 2011). "Jenson Button takes comfort from third place at Abu Dhabi Grand Prix". The Daily Telegraph (London: Telegraph Media Group). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/motorsport/formulaone/mclaren/8888059/Jenson-Button-takes-comfort-from-third-place-at-Abu-Dhabi-Grand-Prix.html. Retrieved 27 November 2011.
- ^ Benson, Andrew (1 February 2012). "Lewis Hamilton confident of a better F1 season in 2012". BBC Sport (BBC). http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/formula1/16841566. Retrieved 14 February 2012.
- ^ Elizalde, Pablo (18 March 2012). "Hamilton baffled by lack of pace after third-place finish in Australian GP". Autosport (Haymarket Publications). http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/98151. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
- ^ "Lewis Hamilton loses Spanish pole because of rules on fuel". BBC Sport (BBC). 12 May 2012. http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/formula1/18047760. Retrieved 14 May 2012.
- ^ Brundle, Martin (31 December 2007). "Lewis Hamilton — The Real Deal". ITV-F1.com. http://www.itv-f1.com/Feature.aspx?Type=Martin_Brundle&id=41531. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
- ^ "I've been an unqualified failure so far and that needs to change — fast". Daily Mail (London: Associated Newspapers). 6 May 2010. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/formulaone/article-1273060/Lewis-Hamilton-Ive-unqualified-failure-far-needs-change--fast.html. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
- ^ Sippel, Egmont (4 April 2007). "That yellow helmet". wheels24.co.za. http://www.wheels24.co.za/Columnists/Egmont_Sippel/That-yellow-helmet-20070404. Retrieved 2 November 2008.
- ^ "Hamilton's helmet". asiaone.com. Singapore Press Holdings. 23 July 2007. http://www.asiaone.com/Multimedia/Story/A1Multimedia20070723-844.html. Retrieved 2 November 2008.
- ^ "McLaren's Lewis Hamilton looks to repeat Monaco 2008 with new Helmet". f1chronicles.com. F1 Chronicles. 13 May 2010. http://f1chronicles.com/2010/05/13/mclarens-lewis-hamilton-looks-to-repeat-monaco-2008-with-new-helmet/. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
- ^ Heublein, Stephan (25 November 2011). "Hamilton proud of Senna Helmet Design". Autoblog (AOL). http://uk.autoblog.com/2011/11/25/hamilton-proud-of-senna-helmet-design/. Retrieved 5 December 2011.
- ^ "Lewis Hamilton Painting, Artist Ian Cook Uses Cars Instead Of Brushes". Sky News (BSkyB). http://news.sky.com/home/uk-news/article/15133321. Retrieved 19 September 2011.
- ^ Gorman, Edward (2 July 2007). "Silverstone awaits its new hero as Hamilton homes in on title". The Times (London). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/formula_1/article2013334.ece. Retrieved 5 July 2007.
- ^ "2007 Formula 1 season statistics". F1 Fanatic. Keith Collantine. http://www.f1fanatic.co.uk/statistics/2007-formula-1-season-statistics/. Retrieved 17 August 2010.
- ^ Lynch, Steven (27 August 2010). "Rindt's low points". en.espnf1.com. ESPN EMEA Ltd.. http://en.espnf1.com/f1/motorsport/story/26454.html. Retrieved 28 August 2010.
- ^ Lewis, Tim (23 August 2009). "Back on track". The Guardian (London: Guardian Media Group). http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2009/aug/23/lewis-hamilton-interview. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
- ^ "Lewis Hamilton's 2008 season – a legend in the making". formula1.com (Formula One Administration). 4 November 2008. http://www.formula1.com/news/features/2008/11/8641.html. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
Further reading[link]
Written by Hamilton[link]
- Hamilton, Lewis (2007). Lewis Hamilton: My Story (Hardback). London: HarperSport. pp. 320 pages. ISBN 978-0-00-727005-7. (also in paperback Lewis Hamilton : my story.. HarperSport. 17 March 2008. pp. 336 pages. ISBN 978-0-00-727006-4. )
Written by others[link]
- Hughes, Mark (11 August 2007). Lewis Hamilton: The Full Story (hardback). Thriplow: Icon Books Ltd.. pp. 224 pages. ISBN 978-0-00-727006-4. (also in paperback Mark Hughes. (26 February 2008). Lewis Hamilton : the full story. Icon Books Ltd.. pp. 304 pages. ISBN 978-1-84046-941-7. )
- Worral, Frank (10 January 2007). Lewis Hamilton: The Biography (hardback). London: John Blake Publishing. pp. 306 pages. ISBN 978-1-84454-543-8. (also in paperback . John Blake Publishing. 9 August 2008. pp. 288 pages. ISBN 978-1-84454-581-0. )
- Stafford, Ian (11 January 2007). Lewis Hamilton: New Kid on the Grid. Edinburgh: Mainstream Publishing Co. (Edinburgh) Ltd.. pp. 224 pages. ISBN 978-1-84596-338-5.
- Belton, Brian (9 March 2007). Lewis Hamilton: A Dream Comes True. London: Pennant Publishing Ltd. pp. 256 pages. ISBN 978-1-906015-07-7.
- Rogers, Gareth (10 January 2007). Lewis Hamilton: The Story So Far (paperback). Stroud: The History Press Ltd.. pp. 200 pages. ISBN 978-0-7524-4480-2.
- van de Burgt, Andrew (15 November 2007). Lewis Hamilton: A portrait of Britain's new F1 hero (hardback). Yeovil: J H Haynes & Co Ltd.. pp. 160 pages. ISBN 978-1-84425-480-4.
- Jones, Bruce (10 January 2007). Lewis Hamilton: The People's Champion (ITV SPORT) (hardback). London: Carlton Books Ltd.. pp. 128 pages. ISBN 978-1-84442-027-8.
- Apps, Roy (9 November 2008). Lewis Hamilton (Dream to Win) (paperback). London: Franklin Watts Ltd.. pp. 48 pages. ISBN 978-0-7496-8233-0.
- Townsend, John (2008). Lewis Hamilton (hardback). Oxford: Raintree Publishers. pp. 32 pages. ISBN 978-1-4062-0953-2.
- Spragg, Ian (3 June 2008). Lewis Hamilton: The Rise of F1's New Superstar.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Lewis Hamilton |
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Lewis Hamilton |
- Official website
- Lewis Hamilton – career summary at DriverDB.com
- Lewis Hamilton biography – McLaren.com
- Lewis Hamilton on Twitter
- Lewis Hamilton at the Internet Movie Database
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Lewis Hamilton |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Formula One racing driver |
| Date of birth | 7 January 1985 |
| Place of birth | Stevenage |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Hamilton
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the British television and radio presenter. For other people called Jonathan Ross, see Jonathan Ross (disambiguation).
| Jonathan Ross | |
|---|---|
 Jonathan Ross at Live 8 on 2 July 2005 |
|
| Born | Jonathan Stephen Ross (1960-11-17) 17 November 1960 (age 51) Camden, London, England[1] |
| Nationality | British |
| Occupation | Broadcaster, film critic, Talk show host, Comedian |
| Years active | 1987–present |
| Spouse | Jane Goldman (m. 1988) «start: (1988)»"Marriage: Jane Goldman to Jonathan Ross" Location: (linkback:http://en-wiki.pop.wn.com/index.php/Jonathan_Ross) |
| Children | 2 daughters, 1 son |
| Parents | Martha Ross |
Jonathan Stephen Ross, OBE (born 17 November 1960) is an English television and radio presenter, best known for presenting the BBC One chat show Friday Night with Jonathan Ross from 2001 until he left the BBC in 2010. Ross began hosting a new chat show on ITV1 starting 3 September 2011. Ross also hosted his own radio show on BBC Radio 2, and acted as a film critic and presenter of the Film programme. Other regular roles have included being a regular panellist on the comedy sports quiz They Think It's All Over from 1999 to 2006, and presenting the annual British Comedy Awards from 1991 to 2007, and 2009 onwards.
Ross began his television career as a programme researcher, before débuting as a television presenter for The Last Resort with Jonathan Ross on Channel 4 in 1987. Over the next decade he had several radio and television roles, many through his own production company, Channel X. In 1995 he sold his stake in Channel X, and embarked on a career with the BBC. In 1999, Ross took over presenting the Film programme from Barry Norman, and also began presenting his own radio show, while two years later he began hosting Friday Night with Jonathan Ross. For the chat show, Ross won three British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) awards for Best Entertainment Performance, in 2004, 2006 and 2007. By 2006 Ross was believed to be the BBC's highest paid star. In 2005, Ross was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for services to broadcasting.[2] Ross has been involved in controversies throughout his broadcasting career.[3][4] As a result, in 2008 he wrote a semi-autobiographical work titled Why Do I Say These Things?, detailing some of his life experiences.
Ross has been married to the author, journalist and broadcaster Jane Goldman since 1988; they have three children. Ross and Goldman have together established the television production company Hotsauce TV. Ross is known as an avid fan and collector of comic books and memorabilia, and has written his own comic book, Turf. Ross is known for his distinctive voice, flamboyant style of dress,[2] and his light-hearted banter. He is also known for his characteristic difficulty in pronouncing the sound 'r'.
Contents |
Personal[link]
Ross was born in Camden, London, England on 17 November 1960, a son of British actress and radio presenter Martha Ross.[5] He grew up in Leytonstone[1] and is the brother of journalist, television editor, and media personality Paul Ross; TV producer/actor Miles Ross; TV producer Simon Ross, and music industry professional Adam Ross. He was educated at Norlington School for Boys, a comprehensive school at the same time as his elder brother Paul, and at Leyton County High School for Boys, a comprehensive school. He also attended Southampton College of Art, now known as Southampton Solent University. [6] He then studied Modern European History at the School of Slavonic and East European Studies (SSEES), University of London.[7]
Ross married author/journalist/broadcaster Jane Goldman, ten years his junior, in 1988, when Goldman was 18. They have since had three children: Betty Kitten (named after Bettie Page), Harvey Kirby (named after Jack Kirby, a comic book creator whom Ross especially admires), and Honey Kinney. The family lives in Hampstead Garden Suburb.[citation needed]
Ross and others have used his rhotacism for comic effect and he is sometimes known as "Wossy,"[8] including on his Twitter feed (@wossy).
Ross is known for owning exotic pets. He is a big music fan and the first band he saw live was punk rockers X-Ray Spex at Islington's Hope and Anchor pub in North London.[9] He is a big fan of David Bowie, Roxy Music and Bryan Ferry, Queen (he was in the audience for Queen at Wembley), British punk rock, Spandau Ballet, Sparks, Star Trek, Doctor Who (his favourite Doctor was Jon Pertwee), and comic books. Ross has even co-owned a comic shop in London with Paul Gambaccini and released Turf, his first comic book, in 2010, with American artist Tommy Lee Edwards.[10] He was also the visual inspiration for the main character in the comic book Saviour. Ross is also greatly interested in Japan, presenting a BBC-TV series on many different aspects of Japanese culture, Japanorama, for three series between 2002–07. He was a regular at London's Blitz club during the early 1980s (famous for the Blitz Kids). He is a fan of the singers Morrissey and George Michael.[citation needed]
He is a friend of comedian Ricky Gervais and bought him a kitten after Gervais' previous cat, Colin, had died. The cat's name is Ollie and was presented to him on an episode of Ross' talk show Friday Night With Jonathan Ross.[11] He was one of the special celebrity guests in the final episode of Gervais's second season of Extras, in which Gervais's character, Andy Millman, and Ross were shown to be the best of friends after a fictional appearance on Friday Night With Jonathan Ross.[12]
He is also a close friend of author Neil Gaiman, and he and his wife appear in Gaiman's short story "The Facts in the Case of the Departure of Miss Finch", collected in Fragile Things.
In 2005, Ross was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the Queen's Birthday Honours for services to broadcasting.[13] He celebrated the news by playing "God Save the Queen" by the Sex Pistols on his Radio 2 show.[14]
When interviewing Colin Farrell on Friday Night with Jonathan Ross on 19 February 2010, Ross claimed not to have consumed alcohol for ten years.
Ross has attended a fund raiser for the James Randi Educational Foundation called The Amazing Meeting in London in 2009 and 2010. Interviewed by Rebecca Watson, Ross described himself as a big fan of James Randi and the other speakers – who were mainly prominent sceptics – and said that he and his wife had come to have a sceptical view of the world.[15] Ross has been supportive of Simon Singh's efforts to defend an accusation of libel by the British Chiropractic Association and Ross has posed for the Geek Calendar 2011, a fund raiser for the libel reform in the UK.[16]
At a book signing event in Central London in September 2010, Ross stated that as a youngster he went to school in Leyton (Leyton Senior High School) and supports Leyton Orient F.C.[citation needed]
On 6 June 2011, it was announced that Ross' beloved pug Mr Pickle had been killed in an accident on board a train while Ross was filming a new travelogue show for ITV.[17] Mr Pickle was well known to both viewers and listeners of Ross' TV and radio shows.
Career[link]
Child actor[link]
Following the acting lead of his mother, who appeared as an extra on television shows such as East Enders, Ross appeared in television ads as a child actor. His first, for the breakfast cereal Kellogg's Rice Krispies, gave him his television debut in 1970, when he was 10 years old.[18][19] He also appeared in an ad for the laundry detergent Persil.[20]
Early career[link]
Ross began his adult career as a researcher on the Channel 4 show Loose Talk. After leaving this, he worked on various other shows before beginning another research job on Soul Train, which became Solid Soul. It is believed his first appearance on television was as an extra in the 1981 It Ain't Half Hot, Mum episode, The Last Roll Call.[21]
Channel X: 1987–95[link]
Whilst on Solid Soul, he met fellow researcher Alan Marke, and the two devised what would prove to be a breakthrough hit for Ross in 1987, The Last Resort with Jonathan Ross.
The pair based their concept on the successful American show Late Night with David Letterman, and formed a new production company called Channel X, to produce a pilot. Ross was not originally slated as the show's host, but with little time to find one Jonathan Ross stepped in and made his debut on the show in January 1987.[22]
While the series was initially a co-production with Colin Calendar, ownership transferred to Marke and Ross, meaning that the latter retained a great deal of control as well as being presenter.[23] The show proved popular for both Ross and for Channel 4, making him one of the major personalities on the channel.
A year later, his documentary series The Incredibly Strange Film Show introduced many to the works of cult filmmakers like Sam Raimi and Jackie Chan.
In 1989, he co-presented the biennial BBC charity telethon Comic Relief, the same year he launched One Hour with Jonathan Ross a short lived chat show on Channel 4, most notable for the game show segment "Knock down ginger" which introduced comedians such as Vic Reeves, Bob Mortimer, Paul Whitehouse and Charlie Higson to television.
In 1991, he presented the annual British Comedy Awards on ITV. He has presented the event each year since, but in 2008 announced he would be stepping down from the role following his suspension from the BBC.[24] In 1992 he presented an interview with Madonna about her Erotica album and Sex Book promotion.
In 1993, he was the narrator for FIA Formula One 1993 Season Review video.
Ross has appeared in numerous television entertainment programmes on several channels throughout the 1990s and 2000s. He was a regular panellist on the sports quiz They Think It's All Over, and hosted the panel game It's Only TV...But I Like It. Other projects include the BBC joke-quiz Gagtag, the Channel 4 variety show Saturday Zoo, new-acts showcase The Big Big Talent Show, and the ITV programme Fantastic Facts.
In 1995 he left Channel X, despite its profitable nature. He was quoted in a 1998 article as stating:
It was to do with a deliberate change in my life, moving away from TV as the core of my existence to focus on my family more. So I had to give up everything to do with Channel X, and I literally got only £1 for my share, which was unbelievable.[25]
Television 1995–2006[link]
In 1995 he presented Mondo Rosso, a programme about old cult films. He took over presenting of the Film programme, the BBC's long-running cinema review series, in 1999 after Barry Norman left the show. Ross himself has made a number of cameo appearances in films, playing himself in the Spice Girls' film Spice World (1997) and voicing the character of Doris in the UK version of Shrek 2 (2004). He also played himself in Only Fools and Horses, presenting Goldrush, a fictional television quiz on which the main character, Del, was a contestant. In 2001 he voiced characters in two episodes of the animated comedy series Rex the Runt. In the 30 October episode of Film 2006, Ross also claimed that he had appeared as an extra in the 1981 film 'The Rise and Fall of Idi Amin', as an Israeli soldier raiding Entebbe Airport.[citation needed] He also appeared on the first pilot show for Shooting Stars, acting as a team captain.
BBC Radio: 1999–2010[link]
Ross began presenting a Saturday morning show on BBC Radio 2 in 1999. He has also presented radio shows for BBC Radio 1 and Virgin Radio (having previously worked on Richard Branson's earlier venture, Radio Radio), as well as the now-defunct commercial radio network service The Superstation, where his producer was Chris Evans.
From 23 May 2009, Ross' BBC Radio 2 show was pre-recorded 24 hours before broadcast.[26] This decision was made to make the show more watertight and, according to the press, to make sure any of Ross's off-the-cuff comments might be edited out.[27]
Ross' show on Radio 2 last aired on 17 July 2010 when his contract at the BBC ended.
[edit] Friday Night with Jonathan Ross: 2001–10
On 2 November 2001, Ross began presenting his chat show Friday Night with Jonathan Ross.
In 2005, Ross anchored the BBC television coverage of the Live 8 concerts. Later that year he was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the Queen's Birthday Honours for services to broadcasting. He celebrated the news by playing "God Save the Queen" by The Sex Pistols (which was banned by the BBC when released in 1977) on his BBC Radio 2 Saturday morning show. On 21 June 2006 Ross was made a Fellow of University College London, where he studied.
In early 2006, Ross announced that after eight years he was quitting his regular panellist seat on the sport/comedy quiz show They Think It's All Over, stating:
I’ve had a great time on They Think It's All Over, imparting my vast sporting knowledge to the nation, but I need time now to focus on my other commitments and so regrettably I won't be back for the 20th series. It's a fantastic show and from now on I'll be able to actually watch it.
However, after Ross's departure, only two more episodes of the show were made before it was cancelled.
In January 2006 he presented Jonathan Ross' Asian Invasion, broadcast on BBC Four. The three-part documentary followed Ross as he explored the film industry in Japan, Hong Kong and South Korea, interviewing directors and showcasing clips. His interest in Asian culture and his self confessed love for anime and video games led him to making three series of BBC Three show Japanorama, as well as producing another series for the same channel called Adam and Joe Go Tokyo, starring Adam Buxton and Joe Cornish. He produced the latter programme through his own production company Hot Sauce.
In June 2006, a bidding war was sparked between BBC and other broadcasters for Ross' services. Although other broadcasters were unsuccessful in poaching Ross, it is believed that their bids were higher than the BBC during negotiations. ITV, who bid for Ross, poached chat host Michael Parkinson around the same time. Ross became the highest paid television personality in Britain, when a new BBC contract secured his services until 2010, for a reported £18 million (£6 million per year).[28]
On 25 June 2006, he performed at the Children's Party at the Palace for the Queen's 80th birthday. In August 2006, Ross was enlisted to ask the first question[29] since the transition from beta for the Yahoo Answers in UK and Ireland. On 16 March 2007, Ross hosted Comic Relief 2007 alongside Fearne Cotton and Lenny Henry. On 7 July 2007 Ross presented at the Live Earth concert.
Starting on 10 September 2007 he presented the BBC Four series Comics Britannia, about the history of the British comic. This forms the core of a Comics Britannia season, which includes another documentary, In Search of Steve Ditko, by Ross.[30]
In May 2008, Ross won the Sony Gold Award "Music Radio Personality of the Year".[31]
On 3 August 2008, on BBC1, he hosted Jonathan Ross Salutes Dad's Army.
In 2010, Ross took part in Channel 4's Comedy Gala, a benefit show held in aid of Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, filmed live at the O2 Arena in London on 30 March.
On 7 April 2010, Ross's first comic book was published. Turf was written by Jonathan himself and drawn by artist Tommy Lee Edwards.[32] In 2011, Ross wrote an introduction for The Steve Ditko Omnibus Vol. 1,[33] a collection of work by the American comics artist featured in Ross' 2007 documentary.
In one of his last appearances on the show, Ross was bundled on repeatedly by Gary Lineker, Ross Noble, Damon Albarn, Jamie Hewlett & Tinie Tempah, after a performance of Gorillaz' iconic song "Clint Eastwood" & "On Melancholy Hill".[citation needed]
Leaving the BBC (2010)[link]
On 7 January 2010, Ross confirmed that he would leave the BBC in July 2010, having decided not to renegotiate his contract. This would see him leave all his regular BBC roles, namely his Friday night chat show, Radio 2 show and a film review programme, although he would be continuing with some specials, such as Comic Relief and the BAFTA Awards.[34][35][36][37]
Explaining the decision, Ross said:
Although I have had a wonderful time working for the BBC, and am very proud of the shows I have made while there, over the last two weeks I have decided not to re-negotiate when my current contract comes to an end. While there, I have worked with some of the nicest and most talented people in the industry and had the opportunity to interview some of the biggest stars in the world, and am grateful to the BBC for such a marvellous experience. I would like to make it perfectly clear that no negotiations ever took place and that my decision is not financially motivated[34]
The decision came a day after it was announced that Graham Norton had signed a two-year deal with the BBC, and the BBC's media correspondent Torin Douglas speculated Norton would be a ready-made replacement for Ross's chat show role, while Mark Kermode of BBC Radio 5 Live was a potential successor in the film review role, but that "replacing Ross on radio will be harder". [34] Ross last appeared on the film programme in Episode 10 of Film 2010 with Jonathan Ross aired on 17 March 2010. After Kermode publicly ruled himself out on 26 March, Claudia Winkleman was announced 30 March 2010 as his replacement as host of the Film programme, who was to host Film 2010 from September 2010.[38][39]
Ross's final Friday Night chat show episode aired on 16 July 2010, with David Beckham, Jackie Chan, Mickey Rourke, and Roxy Music as guests. Ross ended the show with an affectionate tribute to his guests and to the audience, while mentioning that he had promised his friend Morrissey that he would remain composed and "wouldn't cry". His final Radio 2 show was broadcast the following day. Patrick Kielty initially took over Ross' Radio 2 slot from 24 July 2010 after which Graham Norton took over permanently.
2010 onwards (ITV and Cinemoi)[link]
On 14 December 2010, Jonathan Ross announced his creative partnership with CineMoi, the UK's first and only independent French film channel. His deal with the company gives him a multi-faceted role as presenter, producer, creative director and shareholder in the company. A life long cinephile Ross has a unique perspective on French film and hopes to encourage 'first-timers' to explore a world of film that differs slightly from that of the regular Hollywood fare.
On 19 December 2010, Ross presented a three hour Channel 4 list show, 100 Greatest Toys, with the broadcaster describing Ross as a "huge toy enthusiast with a private collection that would rival any museum's."[40][41]
In 2011, he presented Penn & Teller: Fool Us on ITV, a collaboration with magicians Penn & Teller.
Ross's new chat show The Jonathan Ross Show began on 3 September 2011 on ITV1,[42] drawing an audience of 4.3m viewers, compared to the 4.6m for his finale on the BBC show.[43] The first series will run for thirteen weeks. Speaking about the new show, Ross said: "I am thrilled and excited that after a short break I will be rolling up my sleeves and creating a brand new show for ITV1."[44] Ross will also host a panel show from 2012 called Trending Topics also for ITV. The show will involve the social-network site Twitter. In Spring 2012, Ross appeared in the ITV panel show Mad Mad World.
Ross is currently planning to film a television piece with Lucha Britania. [45]
Controversies[link]
BBC contract[link]
In April 2006, Ross, along with other BBC personalities, had details of his fees leaked to the tabloid press.[46] It was claimed at the time, by a then-unidentified BBC mole, that Ross earned £530,000 (equivalent to £10,000 per show) per year for hosting his Radio 2 show.[47] While refusing to comment specifically on the leak in line with BBC policy on the matter, Ross did hint during his radio show that the figure was exaggerated; in addition to this, any pay highlighted as being "his" would actually be split between himself and his producer/co-presenter on the show, Andy Davies.
David Cameron interview[link]
In June 2006, when Conservative Party leader David Cameron appeared on Friday Night with Jonathan Ross, Ross began a line of questioning relating to Conservative ex-Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, culminating in the question "Did you or did you not have a wank thinking of Margaret Thatcher?". Ross was defended by the BBC publicly, but repeat showings of the interview have been banned.[48]
Heather Mills comment[link]
In 2006, Ross was criticised when he made a joke against Heather Mills, soon after she and Paul McCartney announced they were to divorce. He branded Mills, who has only one leg, a "fucking liar" and that he "wouldn't be surprised if we found out she's actually got two legs".[49]
"1,000 journalists" comment[link]
On 5 December 2007, Ross joked at the British Comedy Awards that his salary meant that he was "apparently worth 1,000 BBC journalists". His quip came shortly after the BBC had announced plans for more than 2,000 jobs cuts, and was condemned as "obscene" by the general secretary of the National Union of Journalists.[50] Ross has denied this saying that he was commenting on a piece that was written in a newspaper about his salary being that of 1,000 journalists:
"You know where that came from? The newspapers. After the fee was announced, they said, 'The BBC says he's worth 1,000 journalists', so on the Comedy Awards I made a joke that began, 'Apparently I'm worth 1,000 journalists according to the newspapers.' Every time it's quoted, is the word 'apparently' ever used? Which does change the meaning somewhat."[51]
The Russell Brand Show and Andrew Sachs[link]
Main article: The Russell Brand Show prank telephone calls row
Following a guest appearance by Ross on The Russell Brand Show broadcast on 18 October 2008, Ross was suspended for 12 weeks without pay by the BBC on 29 October, after a series of answer phone messages were left for 78-year-old actor Andrew Sachs regarding Sachs' granddaughter Georgina Baillie, by Russell Brand and Ross, which were broadcast on the pre-recorded show.[52] After little initial interest, a media story about the calls generated a high number of complaints. Brand resigned from the BBC, while Ross was suspended without pay. BBC director general Mark Thompson stated that Ross should take the disciplinary action as a "final warning".[53][54] The BBC was later fined £150,000 by Britain's broadcast regulator for airing the calls.[55]
On 21 November 2008, the BBC Trust said that the phone calls were a "deplorable intrusion with no editorial justification".[56] The trust gave its backing to Ross's 12 week suspension but recommended that no further action be taken against him. He returned to work in January, and the first episode of a new series of Friday Night With Jonathan Ross with guests Tom Cruise, Stephen Fry and Lee Evans, and music from Franz Ferdinand, was broadcast on 23 January 2009.
Gwyneth Paltrow interview[link]
The BBC Trust ruled that Ross’s interview with Gwyneth Paltrow, broadcast on 2 May 2008, breached editorial guidelines. They ruled that bad language in an episode of Ross's pre-recorded BBC1 chat show, Friday Night with Jonathan Ross, in which the presenter told Hollywood actress Gwyneth Paltrow he "would fuck her" was "gratuitous and unnecessarily offensive". The trust said it disagreed with the judgement made by BBC management that the episode should be broadcast uncensored, adding that the comment was made in an "overly sexual way" and that it had upheld a number of complaints made about the edition of Friday Night with Jonathan Ross.[57] The trust reminded BBC staff that "the casual gratuitous use of the most offensive language is not acceptable on the BBC in accordance with the BBC's existing guidelines and practices", adding that "this particularly applies in entertainment programmes".[58]
[edit] Hannah Montana comment
On 13 May 2009, Ross was accused of homophobia after a comment he made on his radio show,[59] in which he said,
If your son asks for a Hannah Montana MP3 player, then you might want to already think about putting him down for adoption in later life, when they settle down with their partner.[60]
An incorrect version of this quote was also circulated, in which Ross was accused of saying:
If your son asks for a Hannah Montana MP3 player, you might want to already think about putting him down for adoption before he brings his … erm … partner home.[61]
Ofcom received 61 complaints following the comment. A representative from the BBC defended Ross, saying the comment was made "purely in jest" and that "Jonathan is not homophobic in any sense and never meant for his comments to be taken seriously."[62] On 7 July 2009, Ofcom ruled that Ross did not breach the broadcasting code. They wrote in their opinion that "the comment was clearly presented as a joke intended to make light of the reactions that some parents may have if their child chooses a toy that is very widely recognised to be designed and marketed for the opposite sex" and that the nature of the joke and tone and manner in which it was presented "made clear that it was not intended to be hostile or pejorative towards the gay community in general."[60] Stonewall criticised the ruling; saying "the fact that a comment is light-hearted does not absolve it from perpetuating the stereotypes that lead to homophobic bullying."[63]
Video games[link]
| Year | Video game | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2007 | Halo 3 | UNSC Marine | |
| 2010 | Fable III | Barry Hatch |
Honours and awards[link]
- 2006, made a Fellow of University College, London (UCL), into which his alma mater, SSEES, had been absorbed.[64]
- 2012, Special Recognition award at the National Television Awards.
References[link]
- ^ a b "Jonathan Ross". http://www.speakers.co.uk/csaWeb/speaker,JONROS. Retrieved 20 July 2008.
- ^ a b "OBE for broadcaster Jonathan Ross". BBC. 10 June 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/4077812.stm.
- ^ "'Risque' Ross avoids Cameron rap". BBC. 30 October 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6099176.stm. Retrieved 8 November 2008.
- ^ Burton, Nigel (29 October 2008). "Jonathan Ross:No Stranger to Controversy". The Northern Echo. http://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/3801519.Jonathan_Ross___no_stranger_to_controversy/. Retrieved 8 November 2008.
- ^ Millar, Iain (3 August 2003). "Jonathan Ross: The likely lad". The Independent (London). http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/jonathan-ross-the-likely-lad-588797.html. Retrieved 22 December 2010.
- ^ "Why do I say these things? – Jonathan Ross". Times Educational Supplement. 3 October 2008. http://www.tes.co.uk/article.aspx?storycode=6003316. Retrieved 23 January 2009.
- ^ "UCL Fellowships conferred". 22 June 2006. http://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/news-articles/0606/06062201. Retrieved 3 July 2008.
- ^ "Unwepentant Wossy". 29 June 2006. http://www.bbc.co.uk/celebdaq/news/news/2006/06/29/33339.shtml. Retrieved 27 October 2008.
- ^ Lachno, James (26 April 2011). "X-Ray Spex singer Poly Styrene dies aged 53". The Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/music-news/8474012/X-Ray-Spex-singer-Poly-Styrene-dies-aged-53.html.
- ^ Aitkenhead, Decca (9 April 2010). "Jonathan Ross: Can I be honest with you?". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2010/apr/09/jonathan-ross-interview. Retrieved 10 April 2010.
- ^ Friday Night With Jonathan Ross, 26 November 2004
- ^ Extras – Series 2 (DVD). Universal Pictures Video. 2006.
- ^ "OBE for broadcaster Jonathan Ross". BBC News. 10 June 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/4077812.stm. Retrieved 30 October 2008.
- ^ "Ross Hails OBE by playing Sex Pistols". BBC News. 11 June 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/nolavconsole/ifs_news/hi/newsid_4080000/newsid_4083500/nb_rm_4083518.stm. Retrieved 30 October 2008.
- ^ "TAM London 2010 - The interviews". 31 October 2010. http://www.skeptic.org.uk/podcasts/little-atoms/624-tam-london-2010-the-interviews?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+littleatomspodcast+%28Little+Atoms%29&utm_content=FeedBurner+user+view. Retrieved 1 November 2010.
- ^ "The Geek Calendar 2011". London: telegraph.co.uk. 31 October 2010. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/picture-galleries/8076285/The-Geek-Calendar-2011.html?image=1. Retrieved 1 November 2010.
- ^ Kanter, Jake (6 June 2011). "Jonathan Ross travelogue scrapped | News | Broadcast". Broadcastnow.co.uk. http://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/news/broadcasters/jonathan-ross-travelogue-scrapped/5028465.article. Retrieved 24 July 2011.
- ^ "Rice Krispies celebrate 80th birthday". 13 November 2008. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/3452116/Rice-Krispies-celebrate-80th-birthday.html. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
- ^ "Happy 150th Birthday Mr Kellogg". 7 April 2010. http://www.kelloggs.co.uk/whatson/pressoffice/News/kelloggs-corporate-news/happy-150th-birthday-mr-kellogg. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
- ^ Peter Wynter Bee (2008). "Jonathan Ross OBE, 'The Prolific TV Presenter'". http://books.google.com/books?id=AICHdUj3AvcC&pg=PA101&lpg=PA101&dq=%22jonathan+ross%22+%2Bpersil+%2B%22rice+krispies%22+%2Bmartha&source=bl&ots=hPbczaJcDN&sig=3aLArb2ER2IlE22VrvDGext4knU&hl=en#v=onepage&q=%22jonathan%20ross%22%20%2Bpersil%20%2B%22rice%20krispies%22%20%2Bmartha&f=false. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
- ^ "Jonathan Ross's most memorable moments". BBC. Thursday, 7 January 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8446077.stm. Retrieved 8 January 2010.
- ^ "About Jonathan Ross". Radio 2. BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio2/presenters/jonathan-ross/. Retrieved 8 October 2009.
- ^ 'Baggy fashion is blamed for trouble at t'mill', Roland Rudd, The Times, 2 June 1988.
- ^ Henry, Robin (1 November 2008). "Jonathan Ross may never return to BBC says Sir Terry Wogan". Times Online (London). http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/tv_and_radio/article5061123.ece. Retrieved 2 November 2008.
- ^ 'Hot enough for another bite at the telly', The Guardian, 13 July1998.
- ^ Ross's radio show no longer live – BBC News
- ^ Jonathan Ross Live Show Axed – The Sun
- ^ 'Ross to stay at the BBC' Ben Dowell, The Guardian, 9 June 2006
- ^ Yahoo Answers
- ^ BBC profile for Comics Britannia
- ^ "Gold Award Winner!". http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio2/shows/ross/. Retrieved 15 May 2008.
- ^ "Turf – Jonathan Ross And Tommy Lee Edwards’ New Comic Bleeding Cool Comic Book, Movies and TV News and Rumors". Bleedingcool.com. 20 August 2009. http://www.bleedingcool.com/2009/08/20/turf-jonathan-ross-and-tommy-lee-edwards-new-comic/. Retrieved 24 July 2011.
- ^ Ditko, Steve (2011). The Steve Ditko Omnibus Vol. 1. New York City: DC Comics. ISBN 1-4012-3111-X.
- ^ a b c "Jonathan Ross to quit as TV and radio host with the BBC". BBC. 7 January 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8445628.stm. Retrieved 7 January 2010.
- ^ "Jonathan Ross confirms he is to quit BBC". inthenews.co.uk. 7 January 2010. http://www.inthenews.co.uk/news/entertainment/tv/jonathan-ross-confirms-he-is-to-quit-bbc-$1351757.htm. Retrieved 7 January 2010.
- ^ "Jonathan Ross is leaving the BBC". BBC. 7 January 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8445581.stm. Retrieved 7 January 2010.
- ^ MacInnes, Paul (29 March 2010). "Claudia Winkleman named as Jonathan Ross's successor on Film 2010 | Film | guardian.co.uk". guardian.co.uk (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2010/mar/29/claudia-winkleman-film-2010. Retrieved 27 July 2010.
- ^ "Kermode not taking over Film 2010". Metro. 26 March 2010. http://www.metro.co.uk/showbiz/819307-kermode-not-taking-over-film-2010. Retrieved 22 July 2010.
- ^ "Claudia Winkleman to take over from Jonathan Ross as Film 2010 presenter". Metro. 30 March 2010. http://www.metro.co.uk/metrolife/819539-claudia-winkleman-to-take-over-from-jonathan-ross-as-film-2010-presenter. Retrieved 22 July 2010.
- ^ "100 Greatest Toys with Jonathan Ross - Series and Episodes". Channel 4. undated. Archived from the original on 19 December 2010. http://www.webcitation.org/5v6CUqWT8. Retrieved 19 December 2010.
- ^ "100 Greatest Toys with Jonathan Ross - The Panel". Channel 4. 9 December 2010. Archived from the original on 19 December 2010. http://www.webcitation.org/5v6BhaLCc. Retrieved 19 December 2010.
- ^ "Jonathan Ross: gagged but talking back". guardian.co.uk (London). 17 August 2011. http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/mediamonkeyblog/2011/aug/17/jonathan-ross-itv-talkshow. Retrieved 26 August 2011.
- ^ "Jonathan Ross pulls in 4.3m viewers to debut ITV1 show". bbc.co.uk. 4 September 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-14779862. Retrieved 5 September 2011.
- ^ "Ross signs new ITV chat show deal". BBC News. 7 July 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment_and_arts/10540917.stm.
- ^ . http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X67E-D6n3g4&list=UUP20GYS4B-koBTsWnWBYkdA&index=1&feature=plcp.
- ^ Julia Day "Radio 2 stars' salaries leaked", The Guardian, 18 April 2006
- ^ Owen Gibson "BBC unmasks mole who leaked salary details of its biggest stars", The Guardian, 17 May 2006
- ^ 'BBC to ban repeats of Ross versus Cameron' The Times, 1 July 2006
- ^ "Jonathan Ross blasts Heather Mills McCartney". SoFeminine. 31 October 2006. http://www.sofeminine.co.uk/w/star/n174407/news/Jonathan-Ross-blasts-Heather-Mills-McCartney.html.
- ^ Colin Crummy "Jonathan Ross: I'm worth 1,000 BBC journalists", Press Gazette, 6 December 2007
- ^ Hattenstone, Simon (2 September 2011). "Jonathan Ross: look who's talking – interview". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2011/sep/02/jonathan-ross-interview-simon-hattenstone.
- ^ "Brand and Ross suspended by BBC". BBC website. 29 October 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7696714.stm. Retrieved 29 October 2008.
- ^ "The ups and downs of Ross' career". BBC News. 30 October 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7700656.stm. Retrieved 30 October 2008.
- ^ "Ross suspended for three months". BBC News. 30 October 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7700816.stm. Retrieved 30 October 2008.
- ^ Khan, Urmee (3 April 2009). "BBC fined £150,000 over Brand's prank calls". London: The Daily Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/5099055/BBC-fined-150000-over-Brands-prank-calls.html. Retrieved 8 October 2009.
- ^ "'No justification' for Brand show". bbc.co.uk. 21 November 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7741322.stm. Retrieved 21 November 2008.
- ^ BBC Trust criticises Jonathan Ross over lewd comment to Gwyneth Paltrow
- ^ At a glance: BBC Trust report BBC News, 21 November 2008
- ^ Geen, Jessica. "Exclusive: Jonathan Ross accused of homophobia", Pink News, 13 May 2009, Retrieved on 14 May 2009
- ^ a b "Ofcom Broadcast Bulletin Issue 137", Ofcom, 6 July 2009, Retrieved on 6 July 2009
- ^ Jonathan Ross's gay 'joke' was wrong
- ^ Singh, Amar. "Jonathan Ross accused of homophobia over Hannah Montana comment", London Evening Standard, 14 May 2009, Retrieved on 14 May 2009
- ^ Geen, Jessica. "Stonewall: Ross's 'light-hearted' comment still encourages bullying", Pink News, 6 July 2009, Retrieved on 6 July 2009
- ^ "UCL Fellowships conferred". 22 June 2006. http://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/news-articles/0606/06062201. Retrieved 3 July 2008.
Further reading[link]
- Jonathan Ross: The Biography, Neil Simpson, John Blake Publishing Ltd (31 July 2007), ISBN 1-84454-432-X
- Why Do I Say These Things?, Jonathan Ross, Bantam Press (16 October 2008), ISBN 0-593-06082-2
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Jonathan Ross |
- The Jonathan Ross Show on itv.com
- Jonathan Ross at the Internet Movie Database
- Interactive video talk by Jonathan Ross on Ealing studios for the British Film Institute
| Preceded by David Yates |
NFTS Honorary Fellowship 2011 |
Succeeded by Ashley Pharoah |
|
|||||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Ross, Jonathan |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | British presenter |
| Date of birth | 17 November 1960 |
| Place of birth | Camden, London, England |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Jonathan_Ross
Related pages:
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http://nl.wn.com/Jonathan Ross
http://pt.wn.com/Jonathan Ross
http://de.wn.com/Jonathan Ross (Moderator)
http://pl.wn.com/Jonathan Ross
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Ross
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This name uses Portuguese naming customs. The first or maternal family name is Senna and the second or paternal family name is Silva.
 Senna at the 1989 San Marino Grand Prix |
|
| Born | (1960-03-21)21 March 1960 São Paulo, Brazil |
|---|---|
| Died | 1 May 1994(1994-05-01) (aged 34) Bologna, Italy |
| Formula One World Championship career | |
| Nationality |  Brazilian |
| Active years | 1984–1994 |
| Teams | Toleman, Lotus, McLaren, Williams |
| Races | 162 (161 starts) |
| Championships | 3 (1988, 1990, 1991) |
| Wins | 41 |
| Podiums | 80 |
| Career points | 610 (614)[1] |
| Pole positions | 65 |
| Fastest laps | 19 |
| First race | 1984 Brazilian Grand Prix |
| First win | 1985 Portuguese Grand Prix |
| Last win | 1993 Australian Grand Prix |
| Last race | 1994 San Marino Grand Prix |
Ayrton Senna da Silva (pronounced [aˈiɾtõ ˈsenɐ da ˈsiwvɐ] (
listen); 21 March 1960 – 1 May 1994) was a Brazilian racing driver. Senna was a three-time Formula One world champion and is widely regarded as one of the greatest F1 drivers of all time.[2][3][4][5][6][7] He died in a crash at Tamburello corner while leading the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix and is the most recent driver to die at the wheel of a Formula One car.
Senna began his motorsport career in karting, moving up to open-wheel racing in 1981, and winning the British Formula 3 championship in 1983. He made his Formula One debut with Toleman-Hart in 1984 before moving to Lotus-Renault the following year and winning six Grands Prix over the next three seasons. In 1988, he joined Frenchman Alain Prost at McLaren-Honda. Between them, they won all but one of the 16 Grands Prix that year and Senna his first World Championship. Prost claimed the championship in 1989, and Senna his second and third championships in 1990 and 1991. In 1992, the Williams-Renault combination began to dominate Formula One. Senna nonetheless managed to finish the 1993 season as runner-up, winning five races and negotiating a move to Williams in 1994.
Senna was recognised for his qualifying speed over one lap and from 1989 until 2006 held the record for most pole positions. He was especially quick in wet conditions, as shown by his performances in the 1984 Monaco Grand Prix, the 1985 Portuguese Grand Prix, and the 1993 European Grand Prix. He also holds the record for most victories at the prestigious Monaco Grand Prix – six – and is the third most successful driver of all time in terms of race wins. Senna courted controversy throughout his career, particularly during his turbulent rivalry with Alain Prost. Both the 1989 Championship won by Prost and the 1990 Championship won by Senna were decided by collisions between them at those years' Japanese Grands Prix.
Contents |
Early life and career[link]
Senna was born in Santana, a neighbourhood of São Paulo city,[8] the son of wealthy Brazilian landowner and factory owner Milton da Silva and his wife Neide Senna da Silva (whose family is of Italian lineage). He was highly athletic, excelling in gymnastics and other sports, and developed an interest in cars and motor racing at the age of four.
Senna's first kart was a small 1 HP go-kart, built by his father using a lawnmower engine. Senna entered karting competition at the age of 13[9] and, in 1977, won the South American Kart Championship. He contested the Karting World Championship each year from 1978 to 1982, finishing runner-up in 1979 and 1980.[10]
In 1981, Senna moved to England to begin single-seater racing, winning the RAC and Townsend-Thoreson Formula Ford 1600 Championships that year with the Van Diemen team. Despite this, Senna initially did not believe he would continue in motorsport. At the end of the season, under pressure from his parents to take up a role in the family business, he returned to Brazil.[11] Before leaving England, however, Senna was offered a drive with a Formula Ford 2000 team for £10,000. Back in Brazil, he decided to take up this offer and returned to live in England. As Silva is a very common Brazilian name, he adopted his mother's maiden name, Senna.[12] Senna went on to win the 1982 British and European Formula Ford 2000 championships under that surname.
In 1983, Senna drove in the British Formula Three Championship with the West Surrey Racing team. He dominated the first half of the season until Martin Brundle, driving a similar car for Eddie Jordan Racing, closed the gap in the second part of the championship. Senna won the title at the final round after a closely fought and, at times, acrimonious battle.[13] In November that year, he triumphed at the inaugural Macau Formula 3 Grand Prix with Teddy Yip's Toyota powered Theodore Racing Team.[14][15]
Formula One career[link]
1984: Toleman[link]
Senna tested for Formula One teams Williams, McLaren, Brabham and Toleman. Peter Warr of Lotus, Ron Dennis of McLaren, and Bernie Ecclestone of Brabham made offers for testing in 1984 and presented long-term contracts that tied Senna to driving later on. At his test for Williams at Donington Park, Senna completed 40 laps and was quicker than the other drivers inculding Keke Rosberg.[16] Neither Williams nor McLaren had a vacancy for the 1984 season.[16] Warr actually wanted to replace Nigel Mansell with Senna at Lotus, but the title sponsor, Imperial Tobacco, wanted a British driver. Senna, however, was determined to drive that season and certainly on his own terms. Senna was also linked to Brabham's second seat, but the lead driver, Nelson Piquet, preferred Roberto Moreno.[17] Consequently, he joined Toleman, a relatively new team, using less competitive Pirelli tyres.[18][19] Venezuelan Johnny Cecotto was his team mate.
Senna made his debut at the Brazilian Grand Prix in Rio de Janeiro. He scored his first World Championship point in his second race at the South African Grand Prix with severe muscle spasms, replicating that result two weeks later at the Belgian Grand Prix. A combination of tyre issues and a fuel pressure problem resulted in his failure to qualify for the San Marino Grand Prix, the only time this happened during his career.[20] Senna's best result of the season came at the Monaco Grand Prix, the first wet weather race of the season. Qualifying 13th on the grid, he made steady progress in climbing through the field, passing Niki Lauda for second on lap 19. He quickly began to cut the gap to race leader Alain Prost, but before he could attack Prost the race was stopped on lap 31 for safety reasons, as the rain had grown even heavier. At the time the race was stopped Senna was catching Prost at 4 seconds per lap.[21] Senna finally passed Prost during the 32nd lap at the end of which the red flag was shown. However according to the rules, the positions counted were those from the last lap completed by every driver, lap 31, at which point Prost was still leading.[22] Senna's second place was his first podium in Formula One.
Still in 1984, Senna took two more podium finishes that year—third at the British and Portuguese Grands Prix—and placed 9th in the Drivers Championship with 13 points overall. He did not take part in the Italian Grand Prix after he was suspended by Toleman for being in breach of his contract by signing for Lotus for 1985 without informing the Toleman team first.[23]
Senna also raced in two high-profile non-Formula One races in 1984: The ADAC 1000 km Nürburgring where, alongside Henri Pescarolo and Stefan Johansson, he co-drove a Joest Racing Porsche 956 to finish 8th, as well as an exhibition race to celebrate the opening of the new Nürburgring, which was attended by several Formula 1 drivers, each driving identical Mercedes 190E 2.3–16. Senna won from Niki Lauda and Carlos Reutemann.[24][25] After the race Senna was quoted as saying, "Now I know I can do it."[26]
1985–1987: Lotus[link]
- 1985
Senna was partnered in his first year at Lotus-Renault by Italian driver Elio de Angelis. At the second round of the season, the Portuguese Grand Prix, Senna took the first pole position of his Formula 1 career. He converted it into his first victory in the race, which was held in very wet conditions, winning by over a minute from Michele Alboreto.[27] He would not finish in the points again until coming second at the Austrian Grand Prix, despite taking pole three more times in the intervening period. (His determination to take pole at the Monaco Grand Prix had infuriated Alboreto and Niki Lauda; Senna had set a fast time early and was accused of deliberately baulking the other drivers by running more laps than necessary, a charge he rejected.)[28] Two more podiums followed in the Netherlands and Italy, before Senna added his second victory, again in wet conditions, at the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps in Belgium.[29] Senna's relationship with De Angelis soured over the season, as both drivers demanded top driver status within Lotus and, after spending six years at the team, De Angelis departed for Brabham at the end of the year, convinced that Lotus were becoming focused around the Brazilian.[30] Senna and De Angelis finished the season 4th and 5th respectively in the driver rankings, separated by five points in the quick but unreliable 97T. In terms of qualifying, however, Senna had begun to establish himself as the quickest in the field: his tally of seven poles that season was far more than that of any of the other drivers.
- 1986
De Angelis was replaced at Lotus by Scot Johnny Dumfries after Senna vetoed Derek Warwick from joining the team, saying that Lotus were not able to run competitive cars for two top drivers at the same time. Senna later admitted "It was bad, bad. Until then I had a good relationship with Derek."[31] Senna started the season well, coming second in Brazil and winning the Spanish Grand Prix by just 0.014s from Nigel Mansell—one of the closest finishes in Formula One history—to find himself leading the World Championship after two races.[32] However, poor reliability, particularly in the second half of the season, saw him drift behind the Williams pairing of Mansell and Piquet, as well as eventual champion, Alain Prost. Nonetheless, Senna was once more the top qualifier, with eight poles, and he took a further six podium finishes that season, including another victory at the Detroit Grand Prix, and finished the season fourth in the driver's standings again, with 55 points.
After winning the Detroit Grand Prix, two days after Brazil was eliminated from the 1986 FIFA World Cup, Senna asked a supporter for the Brazilian flag and drove one lap waving the flag. Thereafter, he repeated this ritual every time he won a race.
- 1987
Lotus had a new engine deal in 1987, running the same Honda engines as Williams had used to win the previous year's Constructors' Championship, and with them came a new team-mate, 34 year-old Japanese driver, Satoru Nakajima. Senna started the season with mixed fortunes: a podium at the San Marino Grand Prix was tempered by controversy at the following race at Spa-Francorchamps, where he collided with Mansell and was confronted by the angered Englishman in the pits afterwards.[33] Senna then won two races in a row: the ensuing Monaco Grand Prix (the first of his record six victories at the Principality) and the Detroit Grand Prix, his second victory in two years at the Michigan street circuit, to take the lead in the World Championship. As the championship wore on however, it became evident that the Williams cars had the advantage over the rest of the field, the gap between the Honda-engined teams made most obvious at the British Grand Prix, where Mansell and Piquet lapped the Lotuses of Senna and Nakajima. Senna became dissatisfied with his chances at Lotus and at Monza it was announced that he would be joining McLaren for 1988.[34] Senna finished the season strongly, coming second in the final two races in Japan and Australia, however post-race scrutineering at the final race found the brake ducts of his Lotus to be wider than permitted by the rules and he was disqualified, bringing his last and most successful season with Lotus to a sour end.[35] Senna was classified third in the final standings, with 57 points, one pole position and six podium finishes. This season marked a turning point in Senna's career as, throughout the year, he built a deep relationship with Honda, one which would pay big dividends, as McLaren had secured Williams' supply of Honda's V6 turbo engines for 1988.[36]
1988–1993: McLaren[link]
- 1988
In 1988, thanks to the relationship he had built up with Honda throughout the 1987 season with Lotus, and with the approval of McLaren's number one driver and then-double world champion, Alain Prost, Senna joined the McLaren team.[37] The foundation for a fierce competition between Senna and Prost was laid, culminating in a number of dramatic race incidents between the two over the next five years.[38] At the 1988 Portuguese Grand Prix, Prost made a slightly faster start than Senna but the Brazilian dived into the first corner ahead. Prost responded and went to pass Senna at the end of the first lap. Senna swerved to block Prost, forcing the Frenchman to nearly run into the pitwall at 180 mph (290 km/h). Prost kept his foot down and soon edged Senna into the first corner and started pulling away. Though Prost was angered by Senna's manoeuvre, the Brazilian got away with a warning from the FIA. Senna would later apologize to Prost for the incident. Ultimately, the pair won 15 of 16 races in the McLaren MP4/4 in 1988 with Senna coming out on top, winning his first Formula One world championship title by taking eight wins to Prost's seven (Prost had scored more points over the season, but had to drop three second places as only the 11 best scores counted).[39]
- 1989
The following year, the rivalry between Senna and Prost intensified into numerous battles on the track and a psychological war off it.[40] Tension and mistrust between the two drivers increased when Senna overtook Prost at the restart of the San Marino Grand Prix, a move which Prost claimed violated a pre-race agreement. Senna took an early lead in the championship with victories in San Marino, Monaco, and Mexico. However, unreliability in Phoenix, Canada, France, Britain and Italy, together with collisions in Brazil and Portugal, swung the title in Prost's favour.
Prost took the 1989 world title after a collision with Senna at the Suzuka Circuit in Japan, the penultimate race of the season, which Senna needed to win to remain in contention for the title. Senna had attempted an inside pass on Prost who turned into the corner and cut him off, with the two McLarens finishing up with their wheels interlocked in the Suzuka chicane escape road. Senna then got a push-start from marshals, pitted to replace the damaged nose of his car, and rejoined the race. He took the lead from the Benetton of Alessandro Nannini and went on to finish first, only to be disqualified by the FIA (at the insistence of Prost[citation needed] who ran into the race marshals' office after seeing Senna rejoin the race) for cutting the chicane after the collision, and for crossing into the pit lane entry (not part of the track).[41] A large fine and temporary suspension of his Super License followed in the winter of 1989, and an irate Senna engaged in a bitter war of words with the FIA and its then President Jean-Marie Balestre.[42] Senna finished the season second with six wins and one second place. Prost left McLaren for rivals Ferrari for the following year.
- 1990
In 1990, Senna took a commanding lead in the championship with six wins, two second places and three thirds. His most memorable victories were at the opening round in Phoenix, in which he diced for the lead for several laps with a then-unknown Jean Alesi before coming out on top, and at Germany where he fought Benetton driver Alessandro Nannini throughout the race for the win. As the season reached its final quarter however, Alain Prost in his Ferrari rose to the challenge with five wins, including a crucial victory in Spain where he and teammate Nigel Mansell finished 1–2 for the Scuderia. Senna had gone out with a damaged radiator and the gap between Senna and Prost was now reduced to 11 points with two races remaining.
At the penultimate round of the Championship in Japan at Suzuka (the same circuit where Senna and Prost had their collision a year before), Senna took pole ahead of Prost. The pole position in Suzuka was universally known to be on the left-hand, racing-line of the track. However, at FIA President Balestre's direction (no-one else has the power to make this order) Prost was given the racing-line start position and Senna was placed on the right-hand, dirty side of the track. As a result, Ferrari made a better start and pulled ahead of Senna's McLaren. At the first turn Senna aggressively kept his inside line, while Prost turned in and the McLaren ploughed into the rear wheel of Prost's Ferrari at about 270 km/h (170 mph), putting both cars off the track, this time making Senna the Formula 1 world champion.[43] A year later, after taking his third world championship, Senna explained to the press his actions of the previous year in Suzuka. He maintained that prior to qualifying fastest, he had sought and received assurances from race officials that pole position would be changed to the left-hand, clean side of the track, only to find this decision reversed by Jean-Marie Balestre after he had taken pole.[44] Explaining the collision with Prost, Senna said that what he had wanted was to make it clear that he was not going to accept the unquestionably unfair decision-making by Balestre, including his 1989 disqualification and the incorrect pole position in 1990.[45] Senna also testified that no matter what happened he would not yield the corner and that Prost taking his normal racing line (to which the leading driver is entitled) would result in an accident. Prost would later go on record slamming Senna's actions as "disgusting" and that he seriously considered retiring from the sport after that incident.[37]
- 1991
Senna captured his third title in 1991, taking seven wins and staying largely clear of controversy. Prost, because of the downturn in performance at Ferrari, was no longer a serious competitor. Senna won the first four races. By mid-season, Mansell in the more advanced Williams was able to put up a challenge. There were some memorable moments, such as at the Spanish Grand Prix when Senna and Mansell went wheel to wheel with only centimetres to spare, at over 320 km/h (200 mph) down the main straight, a race that the Briton eventually won. Quite a different spectacle was offered following Mansell's victory in the British Grand Prix at Silverstone. Senna's car had come to a halt on the final lap but he was not left stranded out on the circuit, as Mansell pulled over on his parade lap and allowed the Brazilian to ride on the Williams side-pod back to the pits. Though Senna's consistency and the Williams's unreliability at the beginning of the season gave him an early advantage, Senna insisted that Honda step up their engine development program and demanded further improvements to the car before it was too late. These modifications enabled him to make a late season push and he managed to win three more races to secure the championship, which was settled for good in Japan (yet again) when Mansell (who needed to win), went off at the first corner while running third and beached his Williams-Renault into the gravel trap. Senna finished second, handing the victory to teammate Gerhard Berger at the last corner as a thank-you gesture for his support over the season. Senna was planning to move to the Williams team for the 1992 season, but Honda's CEO, Nobuhiko Kawamoto, personally requested that he remain at McLaren-Honda, which Senna did out of a sense of loyalty.[46]
- 1992
In 1992, Senna's determination to win manifested itself in dismay at McLaren's inability to challenge Williams's all-conquering FW14B car.[47] McLaren's new car for the season had several shortcomings. There was delay in getting the new model running (it debuted in the third race of the season, the Brazilian Grand Prix) and in addition to lacking active suspension, the new car suffered from reliability issues, was unpredictable in fast corners, while its Honda V12 engine was no longer the most powerful on the circuit.[48] Senna scored wins in Monaco, Hungary, and Italy that year. During qualifying for the Belgian Grand Prix, French driver Érik Comas crashed heavily and Senna was the first to arrive at the scene. He got out of his car and ran across the track to help the Frenchman, disregarding his own safety in an effort to aid a fellow driver. He later went to visit Comas in hospital. Senna finished fourth overall in the championship, behind the Williams duo of Mansell and Patrese, and Benetton's Michael Schumacher.[49][50]
- 1993
Questions about Senna's intentions for 1993 lingered throughout 1992, as he did not have a contract with any team by the end of the year. He felt the McLaren cars were less competitive than in previous years (especially after Honda bowed out of Formula 1 at the end of the 1992 season and preseason testing with a Lamborghini V12 unit proved fruitless). Joining Williams alongside Prost (who had secured a drive for the team for 1993) became impossible, since Prost had a clause on his contract vetoing Senna as a team-mate, even though the Brazilian offered to drive for free. An infuriated Senna called Prost a coward in a press conference in Estoril.[51][52] In December, Senna went to Phoenix, Arizona and tested Emerson Fittipaldi's Penske IndyCar.[53] McLaren boss Ron Dennis meanwhile was trying to secure a supply of the dominant Renault V10 engine for 1993.[54] When this deal fell through, McLaren was forced to take a customer supply of Ford V8 engines which were two specifications behind that of Ford's factory team, Benetton.[55] McLaren hoped to make up for the inferior horsepower with mechanical sophistication, including an effective active suspension system.[56] Dennis then finally persuaded Senna to return to McLaren. The Brazilian, however, agreed only to sign up for the first race in South Africa, where he would assess whether McLaren's equipment was competitive enough for him to put in a good season. After driving McLaren's 1993 car, Senna concluded that the new car had a surprising potential, albeit the engine was still down on power and would be no match for Prost's Williams Renault.[57] Senna declined to sign a one-year contract but agreed to drive on a race-by-race basis, eventually staying for the year.[58]
After finishing second in the opening race in South Africa,[59] Senna won in changing conditions in Brazil and Donington. The latter has often been regarded as one of Senna's greatest victories.[60] He was fifth at the first corner and led the race at the end of the first lap going on to lap all but 2nd place in a race where up to seven pit stops were required by some drivers for rain or slick tyres.[61][62] Senna then scored a second-place finish in Spain and a record-breaking sixth win at Monaco.[63] After Monaco, the sixth race of the season, Senna unexpectedly led the championship from Prost in the Williams-Renault.[64] As the season progressed, Prost and Damon Hill asserted the superiority of the Williams-Renault car, with Prost securing the drivers' championship while Hill moved up to second in the standings. Senna concluded the season and his McLaren career with two wins in Japan and Australia, finishing second overall in the championship.[56][65] The penultimate race was noted for an incident where Jordan's rookie Eddie Irvine unlapped himself against Senna. The incensed Brazilian later appeared at Jordan's garage and after a lengthy and heated discussion, punched the Irishman in the face.[66] For the 1994 season, Senna had offers from McLaren, WIlliams, Benetton, and Ferrari, the team he believed was the soul of Formula 1, and to which he planned to move to in 1996 before retiring in 2000. According to his manager, Julian Jakobi, a deal was in the works with Ferrari who had already offered Senna, the most sought after driver, a groundbreaking $22 million a year.[67]
1994: Williams[link]
For 1994, Senna finally signed with the Williams-Renault team after Prost had reluctantly decided to end his career. Prost's contract clause forbidding Senna from joining Williams did not extend to 1994 and Prost retired with one year left on his contract, rather than face the prospect of a repeat of the animosities of 1989 and 1990.[68] Pre-season testing showed that the new Williams FW16 car had speed, but it was extremely difficult to control. Senna himself had made numerous diplomatic comments that the FW16 had some quirks which needed to be ironed out due to the fact that, contractually, he was forbidden from outright criticising the car. It was obvious that the FW16, after the regulation changes banning active suspension, traction control, power brakes, and ABS, exhibited none of the superiority of the FW15C and FW14B cars that had preceded it. It was also the first season that Williams used power steering, a system which had been problematic. Furthermore, the cockpit was too tight for Senna's frame, and several adjustments were subsequently made, including the lengthening of the steering column by 12 millimetres. The surprise of testing was the Benetton team, whose car was more nimble than the Williams although less powerful. Senna prophetically commented, "It's going to be a season with lots of accidents, and I'll risk saying that we'll be lucky if something really serious doesn't happen.”[citation needed]
The first race of the season was in Brazil, where Senna took pole. In the race Senna took an early lead but Schumacher's Benetton was never far behind. Schumacher took the race lead for good after passing Senna in the pits. Senna refused to settle for second. While trying for a win, he pushed too hard and spun the car coming out of Junção on lap 56, stalling it and retiring from the race. The second race was the Pacific Grand Prix at Aida where Senna again placed the car on pole. However, after being beaten to the first corner by second qualifier Schumacher, he was hit from behind in the first corner by Mika Häkkinen and his race came to a definitive end when a Ferrari driven by Nicola Larini also crashed into his Williams. Hill also retired with transmission problems, while Schumacher took victory again.
It was Senna's worst start to an F1 season, failing to finish or score points in the first two races, despite taking pole both times. Schumacher was leading Senna in the drivers' championship by twenty points.[69] Senna and others that year then began suspecting that Benetton's performance was enhanced by the illegal use of traction control, which fuelled a media controversy, but never materialised into a formal complaint to the FIA.
Death[link]
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Main article: Death of Ayrton Senna
File:Senna accident.jpg
Senna's fatal accident at the moment of impact
Senna's third and final race of the 1994 season, the San Marino Grand Prix, was held on the "Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari" circuit located in Imola, Italy. Imola had traditionally been considered the beginning of the F1 season proper, on European soil.
Senna, who did not finish the two opening races of the season, declared that this was where his season would start, with fourteen races, as opposed to sixteen, in which to win the title.[70] Senna placed the car on pole for a then-record 65th and final time, but he was upset by events unfolding that race weekend. That weekend, Senna's feedback about the FW16 included comments about the car switching between oversteering and understeering and that the car's performance was generally worse instead of better after the engineers' latest adjustments.[71]
During the afternoon qualifying session, Senna's compatriot and protégé Rubens Barrichello was involved in a serious accident when his Jordan became airborne at the Variante Bassa chicane (the last of the circuit) violently slamming into the tyres and fence. In the impact, Barrichello suffered a broken nose and arm; injuries that prevented him from competing in the race. Barrichello indicated that Senna was the first person he saw upon regaining consciousness.[72]
The next day, Saturday, Austrian rookie driver Roland Ratzenberger was killed during qualifying in a devastating accident when the front wing broke on his Simtek-Ford while going flat out at the fast Villeneuve right-hander bend and into the concrete wall. A distraught Senna requested a track marshall to take him to the site of Ratzenberger's fatal crash. Senna was met by FIA's Medical Chief Professor Sid Watkins, who recalled that Senna was tearful, despite having only just met Ratzenberger the previous day. Professor Watkins suggested to Senna on that occasion to stop racing and go fishing (a hobby they both shared), to which Senna said he could not stop racing.
To obtain information about his injured colleagues that weekend, Senna climbed the fence of the Medical Centre after he inspected the crash site. Senna had commandeered an official's car to visit that site, yet the FIA chose not to take any formal disciplinary actions against Senna.
Senna spent his final morning making time to meet with fellow drivers to discuss the re-establishment of a drivers' group (i.e. Grand Prix Drivers' Association) in an attempt to increase safety in Formula One, because of that weekend's tragic events. As the most senior driver, Senna offered to take the role of leader, starting from the next race event in Monaco.
During the drivers' briefing, complaints were raised about the commercial gimmick of a Porsche 911 lead car for the warm-up lap. As this lap neared, Senna again queried the closeness of the Porsche and was jokingly told by his team's chief engineer, Patrick Head, that the 911 would remain close by, as per the preceding races. Instead, the Porsche was ordered to leave earlier, to Senna's content.
At the start of the Grand Prix race, Senna retained the lead from Schumacher but proceedings soon became interrupted by a huge accident on the start line, caused by JJ Lehto's Benetton-Ford stalling, and an unsighted Pedro Lamy ramming him in his Lotus-Mugen Honda at nearly full speed. A wheel was torn off the car and landed in the main grandstand, injuring eight fans and a police officer. The safety car – which was a sporty version of the Opel Vectra medium family sedan – was deployed and the drivers followed it for several laps. The Vectra's slow pace was later questioned because of the consequential drop in tyre pressures on the Formula One cars. In fact, under those safety car conditions, video footage shows Senna pulling alongside the Vectra, gesticulating to the Vectra driver, Max Angelelli, to increase his speed.[73] On the restart (lap 6), Senna immediately set a quick pace with the third quickest lap of the race, followed by Schumacher. As Senna entered the high-speed Tamburello corner on lap 7, the car left the track at around 205 mph (330 km/h), hitting the concrete retaining wall at around 135 mph (217 km/h), after what telemetry showed to be an application of the brakes for around 2 seconds. The red flag was shown as a consequence of the accident. Within two minutes of crashing, Senna was extracted from his race car by Professor Sid Watkins and his medical team. Initial treatment took place by the side of the car, with Senna having a weak heartbeat and significant blood loss (approximately 4.5 liters). Because of Senna's poor neurological condition, Professor Watkins performed an on site tracheotomy and requested the immediate airlifting of Senna to Bologna's Maggiore Hospital, where he was declared dead hours later. Watkins later said that as soon as he saw Senna's fully dilated pupils, he knew that his brainstem was inactive and that he would not survive.[74]
It is believed that the right suspension frame was sent stabbing back into the cockpit, striking Senna on the right side of his helmet, forcing his head back against the headrest and causing fatal skull fractures and brain injury. A piece of the upright attached to the wheel partially penetrated his helmet causing trauma to his forehead. In addition, it appeared that a jagged piece of the upright assembly, most likely a tie rod, penetrated the Bell helmet visor, which was a new, thinner version, above his right eye. Senna also suffered a burst temporal artery.[75]
It was later revealed that, as medical staff examined Senna, a furled Austrian flag was found in his car—a flag that he had intended to raise in honour of Ratzenberger after the race.[76]
Photographs of Ayrton Senna after the accident were taken by Senna's friend and Autosprint's picture editor, Angelo Orsi. Out of respect, those photographs have never been sold to interested parties.
- Funeral
Senna's death was considered by many of his Brazilian fans to be a national tragedy, and the Brazilian government declared three days of national mourning. The Italian Air Force offered to fly the coffin back to Brazil, but the Senna family wished that it return home in a Brazilian plane. Contrary to airline policy and out of respect, Senna's coffin was allowed to be flown back to his home country not as cargo but in the passenger cabin of Varig's McDonnel-Douglas MD-11 commercial jetliner (registration PP-VOQ (cn 48435/478)), accompanied by his distraught younger brother, Leonardo, and close friends. The plane was escorted by fighter jets into São Paulo-Guarulhos International Airport, where it was met by São Paulo's mayor, Paulo Maluf, and state governor, Luís Antônio Fleury. The coffin was carried by soldiers from the Policia da Aeronautical to a fire engine, where eight cadets from the Military Police Academy mounted guard as it carried the coffin on the 20-mile journey into the city. Leading the motorcade were seventeen police motorbikes, and 2,500 policemen lined the route to keep the crowds at bay.[77]
An estimated three million people flocked to the streets of Senna's hometown of São Paulo to offer him their salute. This is widely accepted as the largest recorded gathering of mourners in modern times.[citation needed] Over 200,000 people filed past as his body lay in state at the Legislative Assembly building in Ibirapuera Park. After the public viewing, a 21-gun salute was fired by the 2nd Artillery Brigade and seven jets of the Brazilian Air Force flew in a diamond formation as the funeral procession made its way to Morumbi Cemetery. Many prominent motor racing figures attended Senna's state funeral, such as team managers Ken Tyrrell, Peter Collins, Ron Dennis, and Frank Williams, and driver Jackie Stewart. The pallbearers included drivers Gerhard Berger, Michele Alboreto, Alain Prost, Thierry Boutsen, Damon Hill, Rubens Barrichello, Roberto Moreno, Derek Warwick, Mauricio Gugelmin, Hans Stuck, Johnny Herbert, Pedro Lamy, Maurizio Sala, Raul Boesel, Emerson Fittipaldi, Wilson Fittipaldi, and Christian Fittipaldi. Neither Sid Watkins nor Jo Ramirez, the McLaren team coordinator, could bear to attend because they were so grief-stricken. Senna's family did not allow FOM president Bernie Ecclestone, a friend of Senna's, to attend the ceremony, after an altercation between Ecclestone and Senna's brother Leonardo at Imola regarding Ecclestone's misconstrued reaction to the news of Ayrton's death and the fact that the race had not been abandoned after his accident.[78] FIA President Max Mosley instead attended the funeral of Ratzenberger which took place on 7 May 1994, in Salzburg, Austria.[79] Mosley said in a press conference ten years later, "I went to his funeral because everyone went to Senna's. I thought it was important that somebody went to his."[80] Senna's grave bears the epitaph "Nada pode me separar do amor de Deus," which means "Nothing can separate me from the love of God" (a reference to Romans 8:38-39[81]).
A testament to the adulation he inspired among fans worldwide was the scene at the Tokyo headquarters of Honda where the McLaren cars were typically displayed after each race. Upon his death, so many floral tributes were received that it overwhelmed the large exhibition lobby.[82] This despite the fact Senna no longer drove for McLaren and that McLaren in the preceding seasons did not use Honda power. Senna had a special relationship with company founder Soichiro Honda[citation needed] and was beloved in Japan, where he achieved a near mythic status. For the next race at Monaco, the FIA decided to leave the first two grid positions empty and painted them with the colours of the Brazilian and the Austrian flags, to honour Senna and Ratzenberger.
- Trial
The cause of the accident has been identified as a steering column failure. Italian law demands that any unusual incident be investigated. Many court cases followed immediately afterwards and the judgment went on for years, with Williams being investigated for manslaughter. The last word from the Italian Court of Appeal was on 13 April 2007. In verdict no. 15050, the Court ruled thus: "It has been determined that the accident was caused by a steering column failure. This failure was caused by badly designed and badly executed modifications. The responsibility of this falls on Patrick Head, culpable of omitted control". Patrick Head was not arrested; in Italy the statute of limitation for manslaughter is 7 years and 6 months, and the final verdict was pronounced 13 years after the accident.[83] Despite Formula One regulations, the Williams-Renault team was allowed to extract Senna's black boxes from the wreck of his FW16 once it returned in the pitlane, only for them to be returned completely bereft of any telemetry, despite no external damage. Had Senna's death been declared immediately, under Italian Law, the wreckage would have had to have been immediately impounded and the race event suspended. Instead, the Imola Grand Prix proceeded, with drivers being advised of Senna's condition only at the end of the race.[citation needed]
Personal life[link]
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Senna was a devout Catholic, once saying "Just because I believe in God, just because I have faith in God, it doesn't mean that I'm immune. It doesn't mean that I'm immortal" (1989).[84] He often read the Bible on long flights from São Paulo to Europe.[85][86] In Senna, a documentary about his racing career that was released in 2010, Ayrton's sister, Viviane, revealed that following, first the accident of his friend Rubens Barrichello followed the next day by the death of Roland Ratzenberger during the San Marino Grand Prix of 1994, Senna had sought strength from the Bible. "Faced with a night of turmoil, of conflict, no one knew what his decision would be on Sunday morning, on race day ...'On that final morning, he woke and opened his bible and read a text,' explained Viviane 'that he would receive the greatest gift of all, which was God himself.'" [84]
As his profile rose, Senna expressed concern over the widespread poverty in Brazil. After his death it was discovered that he had quietly donated an extremely large portion of his personal fortune (estimated at around $400 million) to help poor children.[87] Shortly before his death, he created the framework for an organisation dedicated to Brazilian children, which later became Instituto Ayrton Senna.[88]
Senna, renowned for his intensity and almost mystic qualities, was often quoted using driving as a means for self-discovery and racing as a metaphor for life: "The harder I push, the more I find within myself. I am always looking for the next step, a different world to go into, areas where I have not been before. It's lonely driving a Grand Prix car, but very absorbing. I have experienced new sensations, and I want more. That is my excitement, my motivation."[89]
Towards the end of his career, Senna became increasingly preoccupied with the dangers of his profession. On the morning of his death he initiated the re-formation of the GPDA safety organisation, with which he had intended to work to improve the safety of his sport.
In the late 1980s, to take advantage of the close relationship Honda had formed with Senna, the Japanese company asked him to help fine-tune the Honda NSX's suspension setting during its final development stages. The tests were conducted at Suzuka Circuit with chief NSX engineer Shigeru Uehara and his engineering team present to gather Senna's direct input. Senna found the prototype NSX initially lacked chassis stiffness to the level he was accustomed to, so the final production version was further reinforced to his satisfaction.
Senna was also instrumental in bringing Audi cars into his native country, both as an import and manufacturing business. Audi entered Brazil in 1994 via Ayrton Senna's company, Senna Import, founded in 1993. Sales began in April that year, just a month before his untimely death. In 1999, Audi Senna was created as a joint venture of Audi with Senna Import.[90] Senna's personal car in 1994 was an Audi S4.[91]
Planning a retirement in 2000 with Ferrari,[citation needed] Senna exercised his strong entrepreneurial spirit in the early 1990s by developing his own logo, the double S, after his full surname, "Senna da Silva".[92] This logo is meant to represent an S chicane on a racing circuit. The Senna brand was on apparel, watches (TAG Heuer), bicycles (Carraro), and boats. TAG Heuer and Hublot have created limited edition watches to honor Senna, both during his lifetime and after his death.
Senna owned several properties, including an organic farm in Tatuí, Brazil, a beach house in Angra dos Reis, Brazil, an apartment in São Paulo, an apartment in Monaco, and a house in Algarve, Portugal.
Ayrton enjoyed a range of physical activities including running, waterskiing, jet skiing, and paddleboarding. He also had several hobbies, such as flying real and model planes and helicopters, boating, fishing and riding his favourite Ducati motorbikes. His private jet was a British Aerospace 125 (BAe HS125), and he also piloted his own helicopter between his residences in Brazil. He was left-handed.
His nickname from childhood was "Beco", and the Japanese Honda engineers would call him "Harry" because they had difficulty pronouncing "Ayrton".
Senna was close friends with McLaren teammate Gerhard Berger, and the two were always playing practical jokes on each other.[93] Berger is quoted as saying "He taught me a lot about our sport, I taught him to laugh." He calls their three seasons together (1990 to 1992) "the James Bond years" since, as biographer Tom Rubython notes, "money, success, and girls littered every corner of their lives."[94] In the documentary film The Right to Win, made in 2004 as a tribute to Senna, Frank Williams notably recalls that as good a driver as Senna was, ultimately "he was an even greater man outside of the car than he was in it."
Senna was married to Lilian de Vasconcelos Souza, whom he had known since childhood, from 1981 until 1982. The marriage ended due to the fact that Lilian was used to an easy life with servants in Brazil and could not handle the freezing cold of England and the comparatively spartan and isolated lifestyle that her husband's racing demanded. Senna, who did not have much of an income early in his racing career, insisted on supporting his wife with no help from his father out of a sense of pride.[citation needed] After his marriage to Vasconcelos ended, Senna dated several women including model Marjorie Andrade. He subsequently courted Adriane Yamin, daughter of an entrepreneur from São Paulo, who was 15 years old when they began the relationship in 1985 and often chaperoned by her mother during meetings with Senna. They were briefly engaged, but the relationship was broken off by Senna in late 1988.[95] Senna dated Brazilian TV star Xuxa from late 1988 until 1990. He then dated Christine Ferracciu, who lived with him at his homes in Monaco and Portugal, on and off between 1990 and 1991. By the time of his death, Senna had been dating Brazilian model Adriane Galisteu for a year and a half.[96]
Ayrton was the uncle of Formula One driver Bruno Senna (Viviane's son), of whom he said in 1993: "If you think I'm fast, just wait until you see my nephew Bruno."[97]
Legacy[link]
Many safety improvements were made in the sport following Senna's and Ratzenberger's deaths. These include improved crash barriers, redesigned tracks, higher crash safety standards (such as larger sills along the driver cockpit) and major cuts to engine power. Ironically, these knee-jerk measures resulted in further major crashes that year (e.g., at the Spanish Grand Prix). Also ironically, entry to the fatal Tamburello corner and other chicanes on the Imola circuit had been significantly altered for 1995. This was despite calls for action in 1989, after a serious high-speed crash that saw Senna's best friend, Gerhard Berger, suffering burns to his hand. No action took place after that crash because, following an inspection by Senna and Berger, they ended up siding with officials who had, for years, claimed that the wall could not be moved further back due to a river nearby.
Soon after his death in 1994, the Brazilian football World Cup winning team dedicated their win to the great racer in order to recognise his contributions to Formula 1.[98][99]
A few months before his death, Senna had discussed with his sister the foundation of a charitable organization, based on a desire to contribute to those less fortunate in a more organised and effective manner. After his death, Viviane Senna set up the Instituto Ayrton Senna in his honor, which has invested nearly US$80 million over the last twelve years in social programs and actions in partnership with schools, government, NGOs, and the private sector aimed at offering children and teenagers from low-income backgrounds the skills and opportunities they need to develop their full potential as persons, citizens and future professionals.[100] The foundation is officially advised by Bernie Ecclestone, Frank Williams, Alain Prost, and Gerhard Berger. The "Senninha" ("Little Senna") cartoon character, born in 1993/94, was another means by which Senna extended his role model status in favour of Brazilian children.
In his home country of Brazil, the main freeway from the international airport to São Paulo and a tunnel along route to the heart of the city is named in his honour. Also, one of the most important freeways of Rio de Janeiro is named after Senna ("Avenida Ayrton Senna"). The main road in Senna's Portuguese resort at Quinta do Lago, Algarve, was also dedicated to him, due to the fact that his villa there was very near (but not on) this road. A portion of the Interlagos circuit in São Paulo is named the "Senna Esses Chicane" in his honor. In the English town of Reading, Berkshire, where Senna lived for a short period of time, Ayrton Senna's name has been given to an avenue in the suburb of Tilehurst.[101]
In 2004, a book called Ayrton: The Hero Revealed (original title: Ayrton: O Herói Revelado[102]) was published in Brazil for the tenth anniversary of his passing. Senna remains a national hero in Brazil and his grave attracts more visitors than the graves of John F. Kennedy, Marilyn Monroe and Elvis Presley combined.[85]
In addition, to mark the tenth anniversary of Senna's death, on 21 April 2004, over 10,000 people attended a charity match in a football stadium near Imola. The game was organised by several devoted Italian and Canadian fans of Senna, bringing the 1994 FIFA World Cup winning team of Brazil (who dedicated their 1994 FIFA World Cup win to Senna) to face the "Nazionale Piloti", an exhibition team composed exclusively of top race car drivers. Senna had been a part of the latter in 1985. Michael Schumacher, Jarno Trulli, Rubens Barrichello, Fernando Alonso and many others faced the likes of Dunga, Careca, Taffarel and several of the team that won the World Cup in the United States ten years earlier. The match finished 5–5 and the money was donated to Instituto Ayrton Senna. Viviane Senna, the president of the institute, gave the initial kick. That same weekend, Bernie Ecclestone revealed that he still believed Senna was and remained the best F1 driver he had ever seen.[78]
Since his death, Senna has been the subject of songs by Italian singer-songwriter Lucio Dalla, Jazz pianist Kim Pensyl, Japanese jazz-fusion guitarist and T-square bandleader Masahiro Andoh (on songs such as "Faces" and subsequential revisions, like "The Face") and Chris Rea (on his song "Saudade"). The Spanish band, Delorean, released an extended play entitled Ayrton Senna in 2009.
Between 1996 and 1998, to pay tribute to Senna, the Italian motorcycle manufacturer Ducati produced special Senna editions of their 916 superbike. Ducati was at the time owned by Claudio Castiglioni, a personal friend of Senna who was an avid Ducati lover. In 2002, the MV Agusta F4 750 Senna motorbike was created, again by Castiglioni, now president of MV Agusta. The production was limited to 300 bikes, and all profits from sales went to the Ayrton Senna Foundation.[citation needed]
In 2009, it was announced that Senna's nephew Bruno would be making his Formula One debut in 2010.[103]
The former Formula One grand prix circuit in Adelaide, Australia, renamed its first chicane the "Senna Chicane" in honour of his memory. This track—which remains the site of Senna's last Formula One win—is still used for local V8 Supercars racing after the move of the F1 grand prix to Melbourne. There is also a street named after him in the Adelaide suburb of Wingfield. The Adelaide street circuit was said to be a favourite of Senna's, and he was reportedly unhappy about the upcoming shift of venue from Adelaide to Melbourne in 1996.[citation needed]
He has been voted the best driver of all time in various motorsport polls, including F1 Racing Magazine's 2004 poll and one involving current drivers as published by the German newspaper Bild am Sonntag in July 2010.[104] In 2009, a poll of 217 current and former Formula One drivers conducted by the British magazine Autosport named Senna as "the greatest Formula One driver who ever lived".[2][105]
On 25 July 2010, popular BBC motoring show, Top Gear paid an emotional tribute to Senna with British Formula One World Champion, Lewis Hamilton driving Senna's original MP4/4, with which he won the 1988 title.
A documentary film Senna was released in 2011 to great critical acclaim.
Helmet Design[link]
Senna's helmet design was yellow with a green stripe surrounding the upper visor and a blue stripe surrounding the lower visor (with 2 parallel white lines in each stripe). The helmet never had significant changes, minus the sponsors. His nephew Bruno, currently racing in Formula One, bears a modified version of his helmet design (a yellow helmet with a green and blue stripe), but the stripes are shaped after an S rather than being straight, under the chin area it has a green stripe and it has a blue rounded rectangle in the top area.
Complete Formula One results[link]
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)
| Year | Team | Chassis | Engine | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | WDC | Points[1] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1984 | Toleman Group Motorsport | Toleman TG183B | Hart S4 (t/c) | BRA Ret |
RSA 6 |
BEL 6 |
SMR DNQ |
9th | 13 | ||||||||||||
| Toleman TG184 | Hart S4 (t/c) | FRA Ret |
MON‡ 2 |
CAN 7 |
DET Ret |
DAL Ret |
GBR 3 |
GER Ret |
AUT Ret |
NED Ret |
ITA |
EUR Ret |
POR 3 |
||||||||
| 1985 | John Player Special Team Lotus | Lotus 97T | Renault V6 (t/c) | BRA Ret |
POR 1 |
SMR 7 |
MON Ret |
CAN 16 |
DET Ret |
FRA Ret |
GBR 10 |
GER Ret |
AUT 2 |
NED 3 |
ITA 3 |
BEL 1 |
EUR 2 |
RSA Ret |
AUS Ret |
4th | 38 |
| 1986 | John Player Special Team Lotus | Lotus 98T | Renault V6 (t/c) | BRA 2 |
ESP 1 |
SMR Ret |
MON 3 |
BEL 2 |
CAN 5 |
DET 1 |
FRA Ret |
GBR Ret |
GER 2 |
HUN 2 |
AUT Ret |
ITA Ret |
POR 4 |
MEX 3 |
AUS Ret |
4th | 55 |
| 1987 | Camel Team Lotus Honda | Lotus 99T | Honda V6 (t/c) | BRA Ret |
SMR 2 |
BEL Ret |
MON 1 |
DET 1 |
FRA 4 |
GBR 3 |
GER 3 |
HUN 2 |
AUT 5 |
ITA 2 |
POR 7 |
ESP 5 |
MEX Ret |
JPN 2 |
AUS DSQ |
3rd | 57 |
| 1988 | Honda Marlboro McLaren | McLaren MP4/4 | Honda V6 (t/c) | BRA DSQ |
SMR 1 |
MON Ret |
MEX 2 |
CAN 1 |
DET 1 |
FRA 2 |
GBR 1 |
GER 1 |
HUN 1 |
BEL 1 |
ITA 10 |
POR 6 |
ESP 4 |
JPN 1 |
AUS 2 |
1st | 90 (94) |
| 1989 | Honda Marlboro McLaren | McLaren MP4/5 | Honda V10 | BRA 11 |
SMR 1 |
MON 1 |
MEX 1 |
USA Ret |
CAN 7 |
FRA Ret |
GBR Ret |
GER 1 |
HUN 2 |
BEL 1 |
ITA Ret |
POR Ret |
ESP 1 |
JPN DSQ |
AUS Ret |
2nd | 60 |
| 1990 | Honda Marlboro McLaren | McLaren MP4/5B | Honda V10 | USA 1 |
BRA 3 |
SMR Ret |
MON 1 |
CAN 1 |
MEX 20 |
FRA 3 |
GBR 3 |
GER 1 |
HUN 2 |
BEL 1 |
ITA 1 |
POR 2 |
ESP Ret |
JPN Ret |
AUS Ret |
1st | 78 |
| 1991 | Honda Marlboro McLaren | McLaren MP4/6 | Honda V12 | USA 1 |
BRA 1 |
SMR 1 |
MON 1 |
CAN Ret |
MEX 3 |
FRA 3 |
GBR 4 |
GER 7 |
HUN 1 |
BEL 1 |
ITA 2 |
POR 2 |
ESP 5 |
JPN 2 |
AUS‡ 1 |
1st | 96 |
| 1992 | Honda Marlboro McLaren | McLaren MP4/6B | Honda V12 | RSA 3 |
MEX Ret |
4th | 50 | ||||||||||||||
| McLaren MP4/7A | Honda V12 | BRA Ret |
ESP 9 |
SMR 3 |
MON 1 |
CAN Ret |
FRA Ret |
GBR Ret |
GER 2 |
HUN 1 |
BEL 5 |
ITA 1 |
POR 3 |
JPN Ret |
AUS Ret |
||||||
| 1993 | Marlboro McLaren | McLaren MP4/8 | Ford V8 | RSA 2 |
BRA 1 |
EUR 1 |
SMR Ret |
ESP 2 |
MON 1 |
CAN 18 |
FRA 4 |
GBR 5 |
GER 4 |
HUN Ret |
BEL 4 |
ITA Ret |
POR Ret |
JPN 1 |
AUS 1 |
2nd | 73 |
| 1994 | Rothmans Williams Renault | Williams FW16 | Renault V10 | BRA Ret |
PAC Ret |
SMR Ret |
MON |
ESP |
CAN |
FRA |
GBR |
GER |
HUN |
BEL |
ITA |
POR |
EUR |
JPN |
AUS |
NC | 0 |
- ‡ Race was stopped with less than 75% of laps completed, half points awarded.
Formula One records[link]
Senna holds the following Formula One records:
| Record | |
|---|---|
| Most consecutive pole positions | 8 consecutive pole positions (1988 Spanish Grand Prix–1989 United States Grand Prix) |
| Most pole positions at the same Grand Prix | 8 pole positions at the San Marino Grand Prix (1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1994)[N 1] |
| Most consecutive starts from front row | 24 (1988 German Grand Prix–1989 Australian Grand Prix) |
| Starts from front row in every race in one season | 16 out of 16 front row starts in 1989[N 2] |
| Most races leading the entire race | 19 |
| Youngest triple World Champion | 31 years, 227 days (1988, 1990, 1991) |
- Footnotes
- ^ Record shared with Michael Schumacher, who took 8 pole positions at the Japanese Grand Prix.
- ^ Record shared with Alain Prost (16 out of 16 in 1993) and Damon Hill (16 out of 16 in 1996).
References[link]
- ^ a b Up until 1990, not all points scored by a driver contributed to their final World Championship tally (see list of points scoring systems for more information). Numbers without parentheses are Championship points; numbers in parentheses are total points scored.
- ^ a b Straw, Edd (10 December 2009). "Drivers vote Senna the greatest ever". autosport.com (Haymarket Publications). http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/80517. Retrieved 10 December 2009.
- ^ "Interview with Bernie Ecclestone.". The Independent (UK). 22 April 2004. http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/motor-racing/senna-would-have-beaten-schumacher-in-equal-cars-560807.html. Retrieved 26 April 2010.
- ^ "Alan Henry's Top 100 F1 Drivers". London: The Telegraph online.. 27 February 2008. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/2293034/Formula-One-Top-100-drivers.html. Retrieved 26 April 2010.
- ^ Rice, Simon (12 March 2010). "The Ten Best Formula One Drivers". London: The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/motor-racing/the-ten-best-formula-one-drivers-1920034.html?action=gallery&ino=1.
- ^ "Best Formula 1 Driver Ever". Rankopedia. http://www.rankopedia.com/Best-Formula-1-driver-ever/Step1/7/.htm.
- ^ "The Best F1 Racing Drivers Post-1976". McCabism. http://mccabism.blogspot.com/2008/08/best-f1-racing-drivers-post-1976.html.
- ^ "Gafisa presta homenagem a Ayrton Senna: "morador ilustre a gente não esquece"". Senna.globo.com. http://senna.globo.com/institutoayrtonsenna/br/noticias_interna.asp?cod_Noticia=128. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
- ^ Ayrton Senna: Racing in My Blood, Official Video Biography (Kultur Video, 1991).
- ^ "Ayrton Senna – Racing Career". MotorSports Etc. http://www.motorsportsetc.com/info/senna.htm.
- ^ Hilton 1999 pp. 38–40
- ^ Hilton (2005), pp. 9, 33–43, 154.
- ^ Hilton, Christopher, Ayrton Senna – The Complete Story (2004), pp. 99–116.
- ^ Hilton (2005), pp. 43–47, 154.
- ^ Greg Girard, Ian Lambot, and Philip Newsome, Macau Grand Prix: The Road To Success (Watermark Surrey, 1998).
- ^ a b "Senna Rembered". BBC Sport. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/motorsport/formula_one/3605323.stm. Retrieved May 1, 2009.
- ^ Rubython, Tom, The Life of Senna (2004), p. 90
- ^ Hilton (2004), pp. 121–122.
- ^ Drackett, Phil (1985). Brabham : Story of a racing team. Arthur Barker. ISBN 0-213-16915-0. pp. 134–135
- ^ Hilton (2004), p 138.
- ^ Mark Hughes and Simon Arron, The Complete Book of Formula One (Motorbooks International, 2003), p. 310.
- ^ Hamilton, Maurice (1984)) Autocourse 1984–85 p.141 Hazleton publishing ISBN 0-905138-32-5
- ^ Hilton (2004), pp. 149–152.
- ^ "FIA World Endurance Championship 1984". wsrp.ic.cz. http://wsrp.ic.cz/wsc1984.html#4. Retrieved 14 January 2007.
- ^ "Senna – Porsche 956K – Nurburgring". The Nostalgia Forum at AtlasF1. http://forums.autosport.com/showthread.php?s=&threadid=50415. Retrieved 14 January 2007.
- ^ Hilton (2004), p 140.
- ^ Timothy Collings and Sarah Edworthy, The Formula One Years: A Season-by-Season Account of the World's Premier Motor Racing Championship from 1950 to the Present Day (Carlton Books, 2002), p. 208.
- ^ Hamilton, Maurice (ed.) (1985) Autocourse 1985 – 1986 Hazleton publishing pp.74 & 104 ISBN 0-905138-38-4
- ^ Hilton (2004), p 427
- ^ Hilton (2004), p 163
- ^ Hilton (2004), p. 170.
- ^ Hilton (2004), p 428
- ^ Hilton (2004), p 432
- ^ Hilton (2004), p 186
- ^ Hilton (2004), p 188
- ^ "Engines: Honda Motor Company," GP Encyclopedia, printed from www.grandprix.com on 2 June 2007.
- ^ a b "Ayrton Senna by Alain Prost". prostfan.com. http://www.prostfan.com/senna2.htm. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
- ^ Hughes and Arron (2003), p. 340.
- ^ Bruce Jones, ed. 50 Years of the Formula One World Championship (Carlton, 1999). pp. 221–222.
- ^ Christopher Hilton, Ayrton Senna: The Whole Story (Haynes, 2004)
- ^ Jones, ed. (1999), pp. 227–228.
- ^ "F1 – Grandprix.com > Features > News Feature > McLaren versus Jean-Marie Balestre". Grandprix.com. 1 December 1989. http://www.grandprix.com/ft/ft00018.html. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
- ^ Menard and Vassal (2003), pp. 106–107.
- ^ Menard and Vassal(2003), p. 107.
- ^ "Senna blows his top at Suzuka," printed from www.autosport.com on May 30, 2007
- ^ Ernesto Rodrigues, Ayrton: The Hero Revealed (1994)
- ^ Menard and Vassal (2003), pp. 129–130.
- ^ Menard and Vassal (2003), pp. 128–129.
- ^ Jones (1999), pp. 253, 257.
- ^ Collings and Edworthy (2002), pp. 244–247.
- ^ Menard and Vassal (2003), pp. 129–132.
- ^ Collings and Edworthy (2002), p. 239, 250.
- ^ Menard and Vassal (2003), p. 132.
- ^ Menard and Vassal (2003), p. 130.
- ^ "Constructors: McLaren International", GP Encyclopedia, printed from www.grandprix.com on May 30, 2007.
- ^ a b "History of McLaren: Time Line – the 1990s." printed from www.mclaren.com on 30 May 2007.
- ^ Menard and Vassal (2003), p. 133.
- ^ Collings and Edworthy (2002), p. 250.
- ^ "Grand Prix Results: South African GP, 1993", GP Encyclopedia, printed from www.grandprix.com on 30 May 2007.
- ^ Collings and Edworthy (2002), p. 250
- ^ "1993 European Grand Prix". http://www.formula1.com. http://www.formula1.com/results/season/1993/86/. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
- ^ Menard and Vassal (2003), p. 134.
- ^ Ian Thomsen, "Senna, Hill and Monaco: Roaring Through the Ghost of a Winner Past", International Herald Tribune, Monday, 24 May 1993; printed from http://www.iht.com on 28 May 2007.
- ^ Menard and Vassal (2003), pp. 134–135.
- ^ Collings and Edworthy (2002), pp. 251–253.
- ^ "Ayrton Senna Suzuka 1993". www.ayrton-senna.com. http://www.ayrton-senna.com/senna/suzuka.html. Retrieved 19 March 2011.
- ^ Rubython (2004), p. 497
- ^ Menard and Vassal (2003), p. 138.
- ^ "Senna retrospective". BBC News. 21 April 2004. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/motorsport/photo_galleries/3636399.stm. Retrieved 26 April 2010.
- ^ "Interview with Ayrton Senna, 28 May 1994". http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iErwQ9Y0q-Y.
- ^ Senna film (2010)
- ^ Hilton (2004), p. 341
- ^ "History of the F1 Safety Car". enterF1.com. 21 April 2009. http://www.enterf1.com/news/049-the-bite-point.asp. Retrieved 10 August 2010.
- ^ Calkin, Jessamy (20 May 2011). "Senna: The Driver Who Lit Up Formula One". London: The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/8524259/Senna-the-driver-who-lit-up-Formula-One.html.
- ^ Hilton (1994), p. 386
- ^ Longer, Andrew (31 October 1994). "Ayrton Senna: The Last Hours". The Times. p. 30. http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:UKNB:LTIB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=0F9242ED73BC537B&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated4&req_dat=63FF7C9CECF24CA8828B27BFD2B2546B. "Back at the track, in the shattered remains of Senna's car, they discovered a furled Austrian flag Senna had intended to dedicate his 42nd grand prix victory to Ratzenberger's memory."
- ^ Rubython (2004), p. 422
- ^ a b "'Senna would have beaten Schumacher in equal cars' – Motor Racing, Sport". The Independent (UK). 22 April 2004. http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/motor-racing/senna-would-have-beaten-schumacher-in-equal-cars-560807.html. Retrieved 24 June 2009.
- ^ David Tremayne, Mark Skewis, Stuart Williams, Paul Fearnley (5 April 1994). "Track Topics". Motoring News (News Publications Ltd.).
- ^ "Max went to Roland's funeral". www.f1racing.net. 23 April 2004. http://www.f1racing.net/en/news.php?newsID=48657. Retrieved 28 October 2006.
- ^ Romans 8:38-39, NIV
- ^ "アイルトン・セナの去った夜" (in Japanese). http://www.honda.co.jp/collection-hall/episodes_old/motor/mp44/index.html.
- ^ Gazzetta dello Sport: Senna, Head Responsabile http://www.gazzetta.it/Motori/Formula1/Primo_Piano/2007/04_Aprile/13/senna.shtml
- ^ a b Pandey, Manish (1 August 2011). "Ayrton Senna: The Faith Of The Man Who Could Drive On Water". The Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/manish-pandey/ayrton-senna_b_909096.html.
- ^ a b Philip, Robert (17 October 2007). "Spirit of Ayrton Senna is Lewis Hamilton's spur". The Daily Telegraph (UK). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/2323502/Spirit-of-Ayrton-Senna-is-Lewis-Hamiltons-spur.html. Retrieved 27 July 2010.
- ^ "Hamilton visits Senna's grave". ESPN. 16 October 2009. http://sports.espn.go.com/rpm/racing/f1/news/story?id=4565293. Retrieved 27 July 2010.
- ^ "The Official Formula 1 Website". Formula1.com. http://www.formula1.com/teams_and_drivers/hall_of_fame/45/. Retrieved 24 June 2009.
- ^ Widdows, Rob (2 February 2008). "Instituto Ayrton Senna: Gone but not forgotten". London: Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/motoring/motorsport/2750524/Instituto-Ayrton-Senna-Gone-but-not-forgotten.html. Retrieved 24 June 2009.
- ^ Collings and Edworthy (2002), p. 238.
- ^ "Audi Brasil > Companhia > Audi no Brasil". Audi.com.br. 21 September 2010. http://www.audi.com.br/br/brand/pt/company/audi_no_brasil.html. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
- ^ "Folha Online – Classificados – Veículos – Audi expõe S4 de Ayrton Senna no Salão do Automóvel – 20/10/2004". .folha.uol.com.br. 20 October 2004. http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/classificados/veiculos/ult1670u1406.shtml. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
- ^ Rubython (2004), p. 497
- ^ Menard and Vassal (2003), p. 70.
- ^ Rubython, p. 267
- ^ Rodrigues, Ernesto (2004) (in Portuguese). Ayrton: o herói revelado. Objetiva. p. 639. ISBN 978-85-7302-602-3.
- ^ "Adriane Galisteu: "Ayrton Senna está no meu coração e na minha cabeça" [Adriane Galisteu: "Ayrton Senna's in my heart and in my head"]" (in Portuguese). Quem. 7 November 2010. http://revistaquem.globo.com/Revista/Quem/0,,EMI185731-9531,00-ADRIANE%20GALISTEU%20AYRTON%20SENNA%20ESTA%20NO%20MEU%20CORACAO%20E%20NA%20MINHA%20CABECA.html. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
- ^ "Formula 1™ – The Official F1™ Website". Formula1.com. 12 November 2009. http://www.formula1.com/news/features/2009/11/10214.html. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
- ^ "World Cup history: 1994". Times LIVE. 7 June 2010. http://www.timeslive.co.za/sport/soccer/article437858.ece/World-Cup-history--1994. Retrieved 13 September 2010.
- ^ "FIFA World Cup USA '94 – Tournament Report" (PDF). FIFA. 17 March 2003. p. 23 (document page: 22). http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/afdeveloping/technicaldevp/50/08/62/wc_94_tr_part1_272.pdf. Retrieved 13 September 2010. "... while the proud and delighted Brazilians were unrolling a banner on the pitch dedicating their win to the late Formula 1 world champion Ayrton Senna, who died in Imola in May 1994 ...'"
- ^ "Instituto Ayrton Senna". Senna.globo.com. http://senna.globo.com/institutoayrtonsenna/. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
- ^ "Ayrton Senna Road, Tilehurst, Berkshire, RG41 4JQ" http://www.getreading.co.uk/news/s/2095008_ayrton_senna_a_legend_but_not_in_the_garden
- ^ written by Ernesto Rodrigues, Editora Objetiva
- ^ Noble, Jonathan (31 October 2009). "Campos honoured to give Senna F1 slot". autosport.com (Haymarket Publications). http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/79887. Retrieved 31 October 2009.
- ^ "Alonso voted best driver". Sify (Sify Technologies Ltd.). 23 July 2010. http://sify.com/sports/alonso-voted-best-driver-news-news-khxqOjgjchi.html. Retrieved 27 July 2010.
- ^ "Formula 1's Greatest Drivers: 1. AYRTON SENNA". autosport.com (Haymarket Publications). 10 December 2009. http://f1greatestdrivers.autosport.com/?driver=1. Retrieved 10 December 2009.
External links[link]
|
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Ayrton Senna |
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ayrton Senna |
- official Ayrton Senna website (Portuguese)
- Instituto Ayrton Senna
- SennaFiles - Ayrton Senna and Bruno Senna news, photos and videos
- Daily Telegraph obituary
- Formula One's Hall of Fame driver profile
- Autosport's greatest F1 driver in history
- ESPN F1 Senna profile
- biography of Ayrton Senna
- Ayrton Senna – Motor Racing Legend
- Senna: The Driver Who Lit Up Formula One
- interview with Professor Sid Watkins about Senna
- Ayrton Senna: The Faith of the Man Who Could Drive on Water
- Motor Racing: A Nation Weeps for Its Idol
- Ayrton Senna virtual memorial
- Ayrton Senna Rally Driving in Wales
- Ayrton Senna brand and charitable organization 10 years later
- Ayrton Senna photos
- Ayrton Senna career details
- Ayrton Senna statistics
- Ayrton Senna at the Internet Movie Database
- Ayrton Senna at the Notable Names Database
- Ayrton Senna's Super Monaco GP II at MobyGames
- Top Gear's tribute to Ayrton Senna
{{Navboxes |title=Ayrton Senna sporting positions | list1 =
| Sporting positions | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Roberto Moreno |
British Formula Ford Champion 1981 |
Succeeded by Julian Bailey |
| Preceded by Tommy Byrne |
British Formula Three Champion 1983 |
Succeeded by Johnny Dumfries |
| Preceded by Roberto Moreno |
Macau Grand Prix Winner 1983 |
Succeeded by John Nielsen |
| Preceded by Nelson Piquet |
Formula One World Champion 1988 |
Succeeded by Alain Prost |
| Preceded by Alain Prost |
Formula One World Champion 1990–1991 |
Succeeded by Nigel Mansell |
| Preceded by Roland Ratzenberger |
Formula One fatal accidents 1 May 1994 |
Succeeded by Last F1 fatality to date |
| Awards and achievements | ||
| Preceded by Nigel Mansell |
Autosport International Racing Driver Award 1988 |
Succeeded by Jean Alesi |
| Preceded by Jean Alesi |
Autosport International Racing Driver Award 1990–1991 |
Succeeded by Nigel Mansell |
|
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|
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|
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|
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Senna, Ayrton |
| Alternative names | Senna, Ayrton, da Silva |
| Short description | Brazilian racing driver and triple Formula One world champion |
| Date of birth | 21 March 1960 |
| Place of birth | São Paulo, Brazil |
| Date of death | 1 May 1994 |
| Place of death | Imola, Italy |
http://wn.com/Ayrton_Senna
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Ayrton Senna
http://cs.wn.com/Ayrton Senna
http://id.wn.com/Ayrton Senna
http://es.wn.com/Ayrton Senna
http://ru.wn.com/Сенна, Айртон
http://nl.wn.com/Ayrton Senna
http://pl.wn.com/Ayrton Senna
http://fr.wn.com/Ayrton Senna
http://de.wn.com/Ayrton Senna
http://hi.wn.com/एर्टन सेना
http://pt.wn.com/Ayrton Senna
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayrton_Senna
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the Formula One driver. For other people named Fernando Alonso, see Fernando Alonso (disambiguation).
This name uses Spanish naming customs; the first or paternal family name is Alonso and the second or maternal family name is Díaz.
 Alonso at the 2012 Bahrain Grand Prix. |
|
| Born | (1981-07-29) 29 July 1981 (age 30) Oviedo, Asturias, Spain |
|---|---|
| Formula One World Championship career | |
| Nationality |  Spanish |
| 2012 team | Ferrari |
| 2012 car # | 5 |
| Races | 184 (183 starts) |
| Championships | 2 (2005, 2006) |
| Wins | 28 |
| Podiums | 76 |
| Career points | 1,162 |
| Pole positions | 20 |
| Fastest laps | 19 |
| First race | 2001 Australian Grand Prix |
| First win | 2003 Hungarian Grand Prix |
| Last win | 2012 Malaysian Grand Prix |
| Last race | 2012 Monaco Grand Prix |
| 2011 position | 4th (257 pts) |
Fernando Alonso Díaz (born 29 July 1981[1]) is a Spanish Formula One racing driver and a two-time World Champion, who is currently racing for Ferrari.
On 25 September 2005, he won the Formula One World Driver's Championship title at the age of 24 years and 58 days, at the time making him the youngest Formula One World Drivers' Champion. After retaining the title the following year, Alonso also became the youngest double Champion at the time. Nicknamed El Nano, a typical pseudonym for Fernando in Asturias, his place of birth, Alonso acts as a Goodwill Ambassador for UNICEF.[2]
Contents |
Personal and early life[link]
Fernando Alonso was born in Oviedo, Asturias in northern Spain. His mother worked in a department store and his father was employed as a mechanic in an explosives factory near Oviedo.[3] Alonso has an older sister, Lorena. Alonso's father José Luis, an amateur kart racer, wanted to pass on his passion to his children. He built a kart, originally meant for eight-year-old Lorena, but unlike her three-year-old brother, she showed no interest in the sport.[3]
Alonso married Raquel del Rosario, lead singer of Spanish pop band El Sueño de Morfeo,[4] on 17 November 2006.[5] They announced their intention to divorce in December 2011.[6]
They lived in Oxford, England until they moved their residence to Switzerland in 2006. Alonso owned a house in Mont-sur-Rolle, near Lake Geneva from 2006 to 2010, and in February 2010 he moved house to Lugano in order to be closer to his new Formula One employer Ferrari. It is highly common for Formula One stars to take up residence in Switzerland to reduce their tax bills. In the winter of 2010–11, Alonso moved back to Oviedo in order to be closer to friends and family, costing him an estimated £50 million in tax.[7]
He is an avid card tricks fan and usually demonstrates various tricks during the race weekend.[8] He is also interested in other sports, like cycling, football and tennis. Alonso has hinted at running a cycling team in the 2011 edition of the Tour de France with Alberto Contador leading the team.[9]
In addition to Spanish, he speaks English and Italian.[10]
Early career[link]
As a child, Alonso participated in karting competitions around Spain, supported by his father, who also doubled as his mechanic. His family lacked the financial resources needed to develop a career in motorsport, but his victories attracted sponsorship and the required funds. Alonso won four Spanish championships back-to-back in the junior category, between 1993 and 1996 and the Junior World Cup in 1996. He won the Spanish and Italian Inter-A titles in 1997 and in 1998 won the Spanish Inter-A title again as well as finishing second in the European Championship.[11]
Former Minardi F1 driver Adrián Campos gave Alonso his first test in a race car in October 1998. After three days of testing at the Albacete circuit, Alonso had matched the lap times of Campos' previous driver Marc Gené.[12] Campos signed Alonso to race for him in the 1999 Spanish Euro Open MoviStar by Nissan series.[13] In his second race, again at Albacete, Alonso won for the first time. He took the championship by one point from championship rival Manuel Giao by winning and setting fastest lap at the last race of the season. Alonso also tested for the Minardi Formula One team, lapping 1.5 seconds faster than the other drivers at the test.[13]
The following season Alonso moved up to Formula 3000, which was often the final step for drivers before ascending to Formula One. Alonso joined Team Astromega and was the youngest driver in the series that year by eleven months.[13] Alonso did not score a point until the seventh race of the year, but in the final two rounds he took a second place and a victory, enough for him to end the season fourth overall behind Bruno Junqueira, Nicolas Minassian and Mark Webber.[13]
Formula One career[link]
2001: Minardi[link]
Alonso was the third-youngest driver ever to start a Formula One race when he made his debut with Minardi at the Australian Grand Prix. The team was in its first season under the control of new owner Paul Stoddart and their new car, the PS01, was neither fast nor reliable. However Alonso's qualifying performance was good, outqualifying team-mate Tarso Marques by 2.6 seconds on début. At the fourth round at Imola he outqualified both Benettons, a feat he repeated later in the season.[13]
Notable performances over the season earned him some attention from the faster teams. It was reported in September 2001 by some of the European press that Sauber were looking to replace outgoing Kimi Räikkönen with Alonso although he was facing competition for the seat from Felipe Massa and then Jaguar test driver André Lotterer.[14] A month later it was confirmed that Massa was going to take the vacant Sauber seat for 2002.[15]
In September, his manager Flavio Briatore had begun planning to place Alonso at Benetton. Briatore considered promoting Alonso for 2002, in place of his race driver Jenson Button, but instead chose to take Alonso on as Renault test driver for 2002.[13] At the final round of the season at Suzuka he finished eleventh—five places outside the points but ahead of Heinz-Harald Frentzen's Prost, the BAR of Olivier Panis, the two Arrows and his team-mate Alex Yoong.[13] Four years later, his team boss from the Minardi days, Paul Stoddart, described his race as "53 laps of qualifying".[16] He scored no points in the season; his best finish being tenth at the German Grand Prix.
2002–2006: Renault[link]
- 2002–2003
Alonso became test driver for Renault in 2002 (Renault having taken over the Benetton team) and did 1,642 laps of testing that year. In 2003 Briatore dropped Button and put Alonso in the second seat alongside Jarno Trulli.[13] Briatore was criticised by the British media for the decision, but technical director Mike Gascoyne later insisted to F1 Racing that the decision was correct, since the team had been impressed with Alonso's work rate and talent during his season as test driver.
The Spaniard became the youngest driver to achieve a Formula One pole position at the Malaysian Grand Prix. Alonso had a 180 mph crash at the Brazilian Grand Prix, the result of missing the double yellow flags and Safety Car boards brought out by Mark Webber's earlier crash and colliding with the debris.[17] The race was red-flagged. He finished second at his home grand prix two races later, and at the time became the youngest driver to win a Formula One race at the Hungarian Grand Prix. He finished the year sixth in the championship, with 55 points and four podiums.
- 2004
Alonso remained with Renault for the 2004 season, scoring podiums in Australia, France, Germany and Hungary. At Indianapolis he suffered a high-speed accident while running in third place after a tyre deflated. In France he took pole position and finished second, running Michael Schumacher close for victory. Towards the end of the year teammate Jarno Trulli's performances deteriorated and he dropped Renault boss Flavio Briatore as his manager. Trulli's relationship with the team deteriorated to the extent that he signed for Toyota from 2005 onwards, and he was replaced for the final three races of the season by former world champion Jacques Villeneuve. Alonso ended the year fourth in the championship standings with 59 points.
- 2005
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For the 2005 season, Alonso was joined at Renault by Italian driver Giancarlo Fisichella. At the first race in Australia Alonso started near the back due to rain in qualifying but fought his way to third. He won the next two races in Malaysia and Bahrain from pole position, and took a third win in the San Marino Grand Prix after a 13-lap battle with Michael Schumacher.
McLaren's improving form saw Räikkönen win in Spain and Monaco while Alonso finished second and fourth, respectively. Räikkönen was on course to win the European Grand Prix at the Nürburgring when his car's front-right suspension failed (due to a flat spot on the tyre caused by Räikkönen locking his wheels under braking while passing Jacques Villeneuve) on the last lap, giving victory to Alonso.
Alonso failed to score in the Canadian and United States Grands Prix. He crashed out of the former, and in the latter all the Michelin runners withdrew due to safety concerns over their tyres. Alonso took his third pole position and fifth win at the French Grand Prix. He followed this with pole position a week later at the British Grand Prix, where he finished second behind Montoya. McLaren's Kimi Räikkönen led the German Grand Prix until his car's hydraulics failed. Alonso went on to win the race.
Alonso qualified sixth in the Hungarian Grand Prix but finished 11th after a collision with the Toyota of Ralf Schumacher. As the season entered its final stages Alonso finished second in three consecutive races, collecting vital championship points. Räikkönen won in Turkey and Belgium, but was fourth at Monza after engine trouble in qualifying, meaning Alonso's lead had been reduced by only one point.
Alonso sealed the title by finishing third in Brazil while Montoya won from Räikkönen. The Spaniard became the youngest Drivers' Champion at the age of 24 years and 59 days old, breaking Emerson Fittipaldi's record. He also ended the five-year dominance of Michael Schumacher.
Commenting on his victory, he said: "I just want to dedicate this championship to my family, and all my close friends who have supported me through my career. Spain is not a country with an F1 culture, and we had to fight alone, every step of the way, to make this happen. A huge thank-you should also go to the team as well – they are the best in Formula One, and we have done this together. It will say that I am world champion, but we are all champions – and they deserve this." In the May 2007 issue of F1 Racing, Alonso said that the 2005 Brazilian Grand Prix was his greatest race. He said, "It was a dream come true and a very emotional day. In the last few laps I leaped, thinking I could hear noises from the engine- from everywhere! But all was okay and I can remember my relief when I crossed the finish line."
The Japanese and Chinese Grands Prix saw Alonso and Renault abandon the conservative style evident in Brazil when he was still chasing the drivers' title. Starting from 16th on the grid, he eventually finished third behind Räikkönen and Fisichella. The Chinese Grand Prix saw Renault and Alonso win to claim the first Constructors' Championship for the Renault F1 team.
In 2005, he was awarded with the Sports Prince of Asturias Award.[18]
- 2006
Alonso won the first race of the 2006 season in Bahrain, overtaking Michael Schumacher after coming out of the pit lane with 18 laps left, after starting fourth. He qualified seventh at the Malaysian Grand Prix due to a fuelling error[19][20] but finished second to team mate Giancarlo Fisichella. He won the Australian Grand Prix after overtaking leader Jenson Button's Honda.
After poor qualifying at San Marino, Alonso was unable to pass Michael Schumacher in an encounter that echoed their battle the previous year. Schumacher beat Alonso again in the European Grand Prix after the Spaniard started on pole, but Alonso hit back, becoming the first Spaniard to win the Spanish Grand Prix. Alonso took pole position for the Monaco Grand Prix after Schumacher was penalised by the stewards for "deliberately [stopping] his car on the circuit in the last few minutes of qualifying", denying his rivals, Alonso included, the opportunity of recording fastest qualifying lap.[21] Alonso won the race.
He extended his winning streak to four races with victories in Britain and Canada. Both wins came from pole position, and the British round was his first win, pole and fastest lap hat trick. He also became the first driver in history to finish first or second in the first nine races of the season, a record equalled by Sebastian Vettel in 2011.[citation needed] Schumacher's fight back began at Indianapolis where the German won and Alonso was fifth. Schumacher won the French Grand Prix, with Alonso in second, and the Spaniard was fifth in the German Grand Prix.[22] That cut Alonso's championship lead to 11 points.
Alonso incurred a penalty for an infraction in practice at the Hungarian Grand Prix which left him 15th on the grid.[23] Schumacher started 11th after receiving a similar penalty.[24] Alonso looked set for an unlikely win as he overtook most of the field, including Schumacher around the outside of turn five, as he showed prowess in the wet conditions, but he crashed out of the race when a wheel nut fell off his car following a pit stop. Schumacher scored one point after Robert Kubica was disqualified.[25]
Alonso finished second in Turkey, holding back third-placed Schumacher to claim two vital points, but he lost a lot of ground after a controversial Italian Grand Prix. He suffered a puncture during qualifying that damaged bodywork at the back of his car. He qualified fifth but was later punished[26] by the stewards for impeding Felipe Massa's Ferrari,[27] and he started the race from tenth. In the race he rose to third place before an engine failure forced him to retire. Schumacher won the Grand Prix and cut Alonso's Championship lead to two points.
At the following round in China, Alonso took pole position during a wet qualifying session but finished second to Schumacher in the race. The result tied Alonso and Schumacher on points in the drivers championship. At the Japanese Grand Prix, the Ferraris of Schumacher and Massa qualified first and second, more than half a second faster than the Renaults in fifth and sixth. But during the race Alonso rose to second and took the win after Schumacher's engine failed. It gave him a ten point advantage over Schumacher, needing only one point from the final round to retain the title. Second place in the Brazilian Grand Prix on 22 October gave Alonso the championship. With Schumacher finishing fourth, the final difference was 13 points. Alonso thus became the youngest double champion in the sport's history. Renault also clinched the Constructors' Championship with a 5-point gap over Ferrari.
2007: McLaren[link]
On 19 December 2005, Alonso announced that he would be moving to McLaren for 2007.[28] His contract with Renault was set to expire on 31 December 2006. However, on 15 December 2006, Alonso was allowed by Flavio Briatore and the Renault F1 Team to test for one day for McLaren at Jerez, as a result of his successes with Renault. Driving an unbranded MP4-21 and wearing a plain white helmet and overalls, Alonso completed 95 laps.[29] Lewis Hamilton was chosen as his partner for the season. McLaren were reported to be paying Alonso £ 20 million (approx $ 39 million c. 2007) in 2007. Alonso debuted with the new McLaren car on 15 January 2007, in the streets of Valencia.
On 8 April 2007 in his second race for the team, Alonso secured his first win for McLaren, and the team's first since 2005, by leading the majority of the Malaysian Grand Prix. A difficult drive at Bahrain's Sakhir circuit a week later, saw him finishing fifth behind his rookie team mate who took a podium finish. In the fourth race of the year in Spain, his home grand prix, he qualified second, but suffered a first lap collision with Felipe Massa which caused some damage to his car and dropped him to fourth, before finishing third. On 27 May, Alonso secured his second victory for McLaren at Monaco, scoring pole position, fastest lap and the race win and in the process lapping the entire field up to 3rd position. At the Nürburgring he took his third win of the year in a dramatic race affected by intermittent rain showers, overtaking Massa for the lead with just four laps remaining. After the controversy at the Hungarian Grand Prix (see below), however, relations between Alonso and his team declined. It was reported in the media that he was no longer on speaking terms with Hamilton,[30] and it was speculated that he might leave McLaren at the end of the season.[31] On 7 August 2007 The Times reported that McLaren would let Alonso leave the team at the end of the season if he wished, two years earlier than his contract allowed.[32] Alonso went on to finish third in the driver's championship, level on points with team-mate Hamilton and just one point behind World Champion Kimi Räikkönen (the closest 1–2–3 in WDC history).
As part of the espionage controversy between McLaren and Ferrari, the former were found guilty of breaching the Article 151c of the FIA's sporting regulations but went unpunished due to a lack of evidence. However, following the acquisition of new evidence by the FIA, a new hearing was held on 13 September. The new evidence consisted largely of email traffic between Alonso and test driver Pedro de la Rosa.[33] The FIA's World Motor Sport Council report following the hearing stated that Alonso and de la Rosa had obtained and used confidential Ferrari technical data and sporting strategy information from senior McLaren engineer Mike Coughlan via Ferrari employee Nigel Stepney, including during test sessions. Both drivers were spared sanctions in exchange for providing evidence.
On 2 November 2007, after a turbulent year with McLaren, it was announced that McLaren and Alonso had mutually agreed to terminate his contract and that he would be free to join any team for 2008 without paying McLaren any compensation.[34]
2008–2009: Return to Renault[link]
Alonso was linked with several teams for the 2008 season after his split with McLaren. Renault, Red Bull, Toyota and Honda were all suggested in the media. Renault's Flavio Briatore stated that he would welcome Alonso's return to the French team. On 10 December 2007, Alonso signed a two-year contract to drive for Renault alongside Brazilian driver Nelson Piquet, Jr. for around £25 million.[35][36]
In the first two rounds of the 2008 season, the Renault was not as competitive as it had previously been. Alonso finished fourth and eighth in Australia and Malaysia respectively, fuelling rumours that Alonso would leave the team because he was disappointed with his Renault and was either moving to BMW Sauber, Honda or Toyota. BMW boss Mario Theissen was keen to get Alonso to replace Nick Heidfeld in order to get the team their first win. Honda rumours started when Alonso said in an interview that he felt there was something about Honda and he wanted to drive for them in 2009 and switching to Ferrari in 2010. Toyota said they were eager to give a top driver their seat. But the most likely place that Alonso would go was to replace Felipe Massa at Ferrari in 2009, especially in light of the general belief that there was an "out clause" in Fernando Alonso's contract with Renault which would give him the freedom to move to another team for the next season should he be able to secure a deal. However Ferrari president Luca Cordero di Montezemolo stated that Massa's seat in the team was secure and would stay that way until the end of his contract in 2010.[37] Räikkönen was also given a two-year contract extension to partner Massa until the end of 2010,[38] essentially closing the door on Alonso for a possible move to Ferrari. In 2008, Alonso denied the "out clause" rumour.
In the Bahrain Grand Prix, Lewis Hamilton ran into the back of Alonso's Renault, heavily damaging the rear wing of the Spaniard's car, as well as his own nosecone. Stewards did not seek to investigate the incident but critics alleged he braked (or did not accelerate as expected) in front of Hamilton causing Hamilton to crash into him.[39] The telemetry data from Alonso's car proved these accusations to be wrong.[40] Hamilton himself stated "I was behind him, and I moved to the right, and he moved to the right and that was it – a racing incident I guess".[41] It was later revealed by McLaren that Hamilton's front wing, which was damaged when he hit Alonso earlier in the race, had broken seconds before the impact and has been identified as the cause of the crash. Alonso started the Spanish Grand Prix with promising pace, qualifying on the front row in second place behind Kimi Räikkönen even though he had a light fuel load. He was running in fifth place when his engine blew on lap 35. He praised his team after finishing sixth in the Turkish Grand Prix, as he was behind the more competitive BMW cars at the end, and said that the result "confirms the progress we have made, and is thanks to the hard work of everyone in the team".[citation needed]
Alonso failed to score in the next two races, finishing tenth at the Monaco Grand Prix, after puncturing a tyre against the barrier and a collision with Nick Heidfeld and retiring from the Canadian Grand Prix after crashing into the wall on lap 45, having qualified fourth. Alonso had been keeping pace with the BMW Saubers, who would eventually go on to record their maiden win with Robert Kubica after pitlane dramas plagued both Ferrari and McLaren. In France, Alonso qualified behind the two Ferraris in third, aided by Lewis Hamilton's grid penalty for the pit-lane accident in Canada. However, he was on a light fuel load, and his task was made much harder by being beaten by the slower Toyota of Jarno Trulli at the start. He then faded back to seventh and towards the end of the race while catching Mark Webber's Red Bull he ran wide at the Adelaide hairpin and slipped behind team-mate Piquet, Jr. to finish eighth.
Alonso finished sixth at Silverstone, saying that he had used up all of his available tyres for the unpredictable wet conditions, and that by using practically slick tyres towards the end, he lost a lot of time in certain places on the track. Despite qualifying fifth at the German Grand Prix, he finished in eleventh after spinning off whilst battling with the Williams of Nico Rosberg. In the Hungarian Grand Prix, he finished in fourth place having started seventh, aided by Lewis Hamilton's early puncture and Felipe Massa's engine failing in the closing stages.
In the European Grand Prix, Alonso performed strongly in all three practice sessions and the first round of qualifying. However, he failed to make it through the second round of qualifying, starting 12th. During the opening lap of the race, Alonso was hit by Kazuki Nakajima in the rear wing of his car and sustained unrepairable damage to his gearbox, and was forced to retire from the race. In Belgium, Alonso ran in the top five for most of the race, but when heavy rain fell towards the end of the race, he gambled on pitting for wet tyres with one lap to go. He dropped four places, but a fast final lap saw him reclaim the lost spots, passing Kubica and Sebastian Vettel at the final corner. In the Italian Grand Prix, Alonso achieved his second consecutive fourth place, and allowed Renault to equal Toyota for fourth in the constructors standings.
| 30x30px | For further information on the investigation, see Renault Formula One crash controversy. |
Alonso claimed his first victory and podium of the season by winning the Singapore Grand Prix. After performing strongly in practice, a fuel pressure problem in the second part of qualifying forced him to park the car, causing him to qualify 15th. In the race he started with a light fuel load on soft tyres, and pitted early when he realised that this would not be successful. However, team-mate Piquet crashed bringing out the safety car, which eliminated the lead of the frontrunners. When they pitted after the pit lane was reopened, they rejoined behind those who had already stopped. This moved Alonso up among top six, and he ultimately won the race, earning the 20th win and 50th podium of his career. In September 2009, after being dropped by Renault, Piquet said that the crash had been intentional and had been requested by Flavio Briatore and Pat Symonds. Alonso was declared to be innocent by the subsequent FIA investigation.
Alonso carried his good form into the Japanese Grand Prix, for which he qualified fourth.[42] Running on a two stop strategy Alonso won his second successive race, finishing ahead of Kubica and Räikkönen. In the last 2 races in China and Brazil, Alonso scored a fourth and a second place respectively. In the last eight races of the season Alonso scored 48 points, which was more than any other driver (over the same period Massa scored 43 points and Hamilton scored 40 points). He finished the season fifth overall with 61 points, while also enabling Renault to finish fourth in the constructors standings with 80 points, ahead of fifth-placed Toyota.
On 5 November, Flavio Briatore confirmed that Renault had agreed a two year extension on Alonso's original contract, ending speculation about a supposed move to Ferrari, and a Renault contract "out-clause".
- 2009
The new Renault R29 car did not meet up to Alonso's expectations at the start of the year, after it performed poorly in winter testing, despite the fact that there were no major reliability issues. For the second consecutive year, Nelson Piquet, Jr. would be his team-mate.
In the Australian Grand Prix he avoided a first lap accident and benefited from the late safety car in the closing stages, deployed for Robert Kubica and Sebastian Vettel's collision, to finish fifth. Although pleased to score points, he was "disappointed" at how his KERS system worked during the race. He did not score points in Malaysia (eleventh) or China (ninth, after he qualified in second), finishing over a minute behind the race winner on both occasions.
He finished eighth in the Bahrain Grand Prix, despite struggling with a broken drinks bottle during the race, which resulted in him collapsing with dehydration during a post-race TV interview. In Spain he spent most of the race in sixth despite an exciting battle with Mark Webber early on, before capitalising on Felipe Massa backing off with fuel conservation worries on the last lap, and going on to finish fifth. In Monaco, he benefited from the retirements of Heikki Kovalainen and Sebastian Vettel to score two points for seventh after a steady performance from ninth on the grid.
He failed to score any points in Turkey, as he was unable to keep pace with the frontrunners, and struggled on to finish tenth, while in Britain, he lost places at the start, and got stuck behind Nick Heidfeld early on. Despite some good fights, especially with former teammate Lewis Hamilton, the poor pace of his car meant he was always likely to struggle for points and finished in 14th, two places behind team-mate Piquet. At the Nurburgring, Alonso lost places at the first corner, before getting stuck in traffic. However, he went on to finish seventh, and was catching the two Brawn cars of Jenson Button and Rubens Barrichello towards the end. For the last stint, he was the fastest man on the track, half a second quicker than the leaders, which resulted in the fastest lap of the race.
In Hungary, he took his only pole position of the season (on a short fuel load), and led for the first stint of the race until his retirement, when his pit-crew fitted a wheel incorrectly. After replacing the wheel, Alonso retired with a fuel pump problem. In Valencia, he finished in sixth place, describing it was the best he could do, after his team appealed successfully over a one-race ban suspended for the race after the pit-stop incident in Hungary. However, his fastest race lap was slower than new team-mate Romain Grosjean, replacing the sacked Piquet, despite Grosjean spending most of the race towards the back.
Alonso was forced to retire in Belgium in a near repeat of the front tyre incident in Hungary, although this time the tyre was damaged after contact with Adrian Sutil's Force India on the first lap. This led to a chaotic pit stop when a replacement tyre could not be fitted properly and his team chose to retire him on safety grounds to avoid a further sanction following the Hungarian incident. At Monza he finished fifth, passing McLaren's Heikki Kovalainen during the race, despite again complaining about the car's KERS system, particularly after getting away from the grid poorly.
He finished in a strong third place in Singapore, admitting that it was a great result, "allowing to put behind us the past few weeks". However, this was his and Renault's only podium of 2009, a year after the Crashgate saga. Alonso controversially dedicated his podium afterwards to recently departed team boss Flavio Briatore, saying "he is part of the success we had today".[43]
In Japan, he was penalised five grid places for failing to slow down for yellow flags after Sébastien Buemi crashed, scattering debris onto the track. The R29's pace was again disappointing, when he could only manage to climb up to 10th from 16th place on the grid, despite a late safety car period after Jaime Alguersuari crashed heavily. Alonso said that his race was pretty much decided in qualifying, although he admitted that his car seemed to be fairly competitive. In Brazil however, he retired on the first lap when Adrian Sutil and Jarno Trulli collided, and Alonso was unable to avoid the out-of-control Force India, which had spun onto the wet grass, terminally damaging a sidepod on the Spaniard's car, forcing him to retire.
He admitted that he had wanted to end his successful period at Renault on a high at the final race of the year in Abu Dhabi. However, he spent the whole race towards the back of the grid, and finished 14th after qualifying in 16th. After the race, he paid tribute to Renault, saying that he wanted "to thank the entire team for everything that we have achieved together",[citation needed] and wanted to concentrate on the positives during his time with Renault, which had included winning the 2005 and 2006 world championship titles. He finished ninth in the drivers standings overall, scoring all of Renault's 26 points during the season. As a result, Renault only finished eighth in the constructors ahead of two other teams, Force India and Toro Rosso.
2010–: Switch to Ferrari[link]
2010[link]
After much speculation,[44] on 30 September 2009, Alonso was confirmed to be replacing Kimi Räikkönen at the Ferrari team, partnering Felipe Massa,[45] a move known as "the worst-kept secret in F1".[46] His contract covers three seasons (2010–2012),[47] with speculated options until the end of 2014. Though his contract is said to have been signed as early as July 2008,[46] Alonso confirmed only having a Summer-2009 agreement with Ferrari for a 2011 start, which was later changed to 2010.[48] Ferrari and Räikkönen, whom Alonso will replace, had agreed to end their contract one year early.[47][49] Though it was reported that Alonso's contract was worth €25-million per season,[50] Ferrari released a statement that cast doubts over the salary offered, stating that "the numbers talked about have absolutely nothing to do with reality."[51] Ferrari also cast doubt on "the arrival of technicians" with Alonso.[51]
At the first race in Bahrain, Alonso qualified third behind team mate Massa and pole sitter Sebastian Vettel. At the start, Alonso got ahead of Massa to move up to second and later on in the race, leader Vettel had an engine problem and dropped to fourth and Alonso won the race, becoming the fifth man to win on his debut for Ferrari after Juan Manuel Fangio in 1956, Mario Andretti in 1971, Nigel Mansell in 1989, and Kimi Räikkönen in 2007. Team mate Massa came second taking a 1–2 for Ferrari and Alonso's former McLaren team mate Lewis Hamilton came through to finish third.[52]
In the Australian Grand Prix, Alonso qualified third behind the two Red Bull cars of Sebastian Vettel and Mark Webber. At the start, on a damp track, Alonso was tipped into a spin by eventual race winner Jenson Button, and rejoined last. Alonso charged back to fourth and then held off late race attacks from Lewis Hamilton and Mark Webber to finish fourth, only two seconds behind teammate Felipe Massa.
In China, Alonso qualified third again, behind Vettel and Webber. Alonso jumped the start, for which he was later given a drive-through penalty, which dropped him down to 15th, over a minute behind race leader Nico Rosberg. With the help of a safety car which bunched the field together, and due to a series of overtaking manoeuvres, Alonso finished fourth. During the race, one of his overtaking maneuvers was on team-mate Massa as the two entered the pit lane to change to intermediate tyres when the rain came. This aggressive overtaking, in which Massa had to put two wheels on the grass to avoid a collision, and then had to wait behind Alonso during Alonso's stop which cost him a few places, raised questions that all was not well between the Ferrari teammates. However, both drivers quickly quashed the speculation, saying that the overtaking did not affect the relationship between the drivers at all, and that they are as friendly as they were before.[citation needed]
The first European round was in Spain where Alonso qualified fourth behind the Red Bulls and former McLaren team mate Hamilton. Alonso ran fourth until the final 15 laps of the race, when he first was elevated to third after Vettel suffered brake problems which forced him to go for an extra pit stop, and then gained another place when Hamilton's tyre failed on the penultimate lap. He finished second, thus getting his first podium after the win in Bahrain. In Monaco, Alonso crashed his car in practice and was unable to take part in qualifying. He started 24th and last but charged up to sixth. On the last lap, Michael Schumacher passed him under the safety car to take the place, but was then penalized for the overtaking, giving sixth back to Alonso.
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For the Canadian Grand Prix, Alonso qualified fourth and was promoted to third after Mark Webber's penalty for a gearbox change. He finished third after a racelong battle with the McLarens and Red Bulls, getting only his second podium after his win in Bahrain. In the next round in Valencia, Alonso secured fourth on the grid in qualifying. During the race, he was right on the gearbox of Lewis Hamilton's McLaren when the Safety Car was deployed following Mark Webber's somersaulting crash after rear-ending Heikki Kovalainen. After a brief hesitation, Hamilton drove past the Safety Car, while Alonso and Massa took up position behind it. This allowed the McLaren driver (and several other drivers) to secure a significant advantage, and following their pitstops, the Ferrari drivers found themselves at the tail end of the field. Alonso was heard over the team radio insisting that Ferrari take up the matter with race director Charlie Whiting. The FIA stewards did ultimately award Hamilton a drive-through penalty, but the significant delay between the offence and the verdict (due to a delay in securing aerial footage of Hamilton's pass on the Safety Car) and the relatively short length of the pitlane at Valencia, meant that Hamilton was able to re-emerge from the pits without losing position. Finishing the race in eighth position, Alonso criticised the FIA for 'manipulating' the race result, a statement which he later moderated. Ferrari were equally critical of the FIA's stewarding of the event.[citation needed]
At the British Grand Prix at Silverstone, Alonso lined up third on the grid. However, clutch problems at the start caused his Ferrari to bog down and Alonso had dropped several positions by the time the pack reached the first corner. Alonso attempted to stage a fightback, and while attempting to pass Robert Kubica's Renault down the outside at Vale, was forced on to the grass as Kubica closed the door on him. Alonso rejoined the track ahead of Kubica, and maintained track position ahead of the Pole. Alonso was heard on the radio explaining to his team that Kubica had forced him on to the grass, while Kubica informed his team that Alonso had illegally passed him by cutting the chicane. After some delay, the stewards awarded Alonso a drive-through penalty for failing to yield the position back to Kubica. The situation was further exacerbated by the untimely deployment of the Safety Car owing to debris on the track, which bunched the field up, and caused Alonso to drop to the tail of the pack once he served his penalty. Alonso crossed the line in fourteenth place, a minute behind race winner Mark Webber, setting the fastest lap of the race on the final lap, having changed tyres after a puncture. More accusations followed after the race, with Ferrari alleging that the FIA had not responded to their requests for clarification, and the FIA insisting that they had requested Ferrari to give back Alonso's position to Kubica and thus obviate the need for an inquiry.[citation needed]
For the German Grand Prix at Hockenheim, Alonso missed pole position by 0.002 seconds to Vettel, with Massa qualifying third. In the race, Vettel made a poor start and attempted to compensate by squeezing Alonso towards the pitwall. Seizing this opportunity, Massa overtook both of them, and entered the first corner with Alonso and Vettel in second and third places. Alonso then controversially overtook Massa and they crossed the line in that order to give Ferrari a 1–2 finish. For the Hungarian Grand Prix, Alonso qualified in third place, behind the two Red Bulls of Vettel and Webber. As the lights went out, he passed Webber into second place, and then drew alongside Vettel on the outside going into the first corner. Alonso lost out to Webber at the pitstops, but got ahead of Vettel when the latter was given a drive-through penalty. He was able to hold off Vettel and finish the race in second place. After a promising start in Belgium, qualifying yielded a disappointing grid position of tenth place. When the race started, things went from bad to worse as Alonso was torpedoed from behind by Rubens Barrichello's sliding Williams. Alonso recovered to eighth before spinning out of the race in the closing stages.
At the Italian Grand Prix, Alonso claimed pole position ahead of Jenson Button, but trailed Button by the first corner. Alonso and Massa pursued the McLaren until it pitted. Alonso pitted the next lap, with a quicker stop allowing Alonso to return to the track wheel to wheel with Button, and narrowly edged him out into the first corner. He pulled clear to claim his 24th career win, his third of the season, and Ferrari's first win at Monza since 2006. As an added bonus, Alonso also claimed the fastest lap of the race, resulting in a hat-trick (pole, win and fastest lap). At the Singapore Grand Prix, Alonso took pole position ahead of Vettel, the McLarens of Hamilton and Button and the second Red Bull of championship leader Webber. When the lights went out, Alonso made a solid start and led Vettel into the first corner. Alonso soaked up pressure from Vettel for the entire race and crossed the line less than 0.3 seconds ahead of the Red Bull. Once more, Alonso set the fastest lap of the race in the closing stages. In Japan, Alonso finished third, behind Vettel and Webber, then won in Korea after Vettel retired with engine failure. He also scored his fifth fastest lap of the year, enough to give him the 2010 DHL Fastest Lap Award after a countback with Lewis Hamilton.[53]
In Abu Dhabi, Alonso entered the event with an eight-point lead, and qualified third. At the start of the race he lost a place to Button and then a strategic error by his team meant that Alonso spent the rest of the race stuck behind Vitaly Petrov, and lost out on world championship honours to Sebastian Vettel.[54]
2011[link]
Alonso started the season with a fourth place in Australia, finishing half a minute behind race-winner Sebastian Vettel. He followed that up with sixth and seventh places in Malaysia and China, being outperformed by team-mate Massa in both races. He took his first podium of the season with third at the Turkish Grand Prix, having run second for a time and was only passed by Mark Webber on lap 51 of 58. Prior to his home race in Spain, he extended his contract with Ferrari for a further four years, until the end of 2016.[55] In Spain, Alonso qualified third, and took the race lead into the first turn. However, he was overtaken by the Red Bulls in the first set of pit stops, and eventually finished fifth, one lap down. In Monaco, after qualifying fourth, Alonso was running strongly in third place behind Vettel – who was on heavily worn tyres – and Button, and was promoted to second when Button pitted after being unable to pass Vettel. A multi car crash then resulted in a red flag situation, allowing Vettel and Alonso to change to fresh tyres for the restart, with Alonso finishing the race in second.
Alonso was forced to retire in Canada after contact with Button left his car beached on a kerb. He bounced back to finish second in Valencia. At the British Grand Prix, controversial blown diffuser systems were temporarily banned, which was perceived to give Ferrari an advantage over its rivals. Alonso was running second to Vettel in the race, until a mistake from the Red Bull mechanics in a pit stop gave Alonso the lead, which he maintained until the end of the race to take his first victory of the season. Alonso finished second in Germany after a race-long battle with eventual winner Lewis Hamilton, and Mark Webber. He took his fourth successive podium by finishing third in Hungary, before finishing fourth in Belgium, after being overtaken by Webber and Button in the closing stages. Alonso took the lead of the Italian Grand Prix in the first corner, but was later passed by Vettel and Button. He was able to defend third place from Hamilton at the end of the race to take another podium. Alonso finished second to Button in Japan, and added a third place in India and second in Abu Dhabi. Alonso closed the season with fourth in Brazil to finish fourth in the Drivers' Championship, losing third place to Webber by one point, after Webber won the race.
2012[link]
Having signed a contract extension during the 2011 season, Alonso remains with Ferrari for the 2012 season.[55] Ferrari appeared to be struggling for pace in pre-season testing; in qualifying for the Australian Grand Prix, Alonso lost the rear of his car at turn one during the second part of qualifying and his car became beached in the gravel, and ultimately lined up twelfth on the grid. He drove a strong race to finish 5th. At the next race in Malaysia, the Ferrari's lack of pace was again demonstrated with Alonso qualifying ninth. However, in the race, which started in wet conditions, Alonso drove strongly, taking the lead on lap 16. Sauber's Sergio Pérez began to quickly catch Alonso, despite a slow pit stop, and looked to be close to passing Alonso, until he ran wide, giving Alonso an unexpected first win of the season. Alonso finished third in the Monaco Grand Prix putting him into the lead of the Drivers' Championship this season ahead of Sebastian Vettel, the 2011 champion, and Vettel's team-mate at Red Bull, Mark Webber, who won at Monaco.
Controversies[link]
- At the 2003 European Grand Prix, David Coulthard and McLaren managing director Martin Whitmarsh accused Alonso of giving Coulthard a brake test. This was in relation to a passage of racing towards the end of the race when Coulthard was trying to overtake Alonso, who was holding him up. Coulthard swerved off the track and into retirement during an attempted overtake. After talking to the drivers and viewing telemetry and video data, the FIA stewards decided that the incident did not warrant any "further judicial action".[56]
- At the 2006 Hungarian Grand Prix, Alonso was involved in an incident in which he brake tested Red Bull Racing test driver Robert Doornbos in the second free practice session. The stewards decided that Alonso's actions were "unnecessary, unacceptable and dangerous", and awarded him a one second time penalty to be applied to his fastest lap time in each of the qualifying sessions.[23]
- After a separate incident from the same race, when Michael Schumacher was asked whether he thought Alonso deliberately slowed down so that Schumacher had to pass him under red flags in practice, Schumacher replied, "You said that, I didn't."[57]
- In the 2006 Italian Grand Prix, after stewards ruled Alonso had potentially blocked Felipe Massa in Saturday qualifying and relegated him five places on the starting grid, Alonso stated "I love the sport, love the fans coming here – a lot of them from Spain but I don't consider Formula One like a sport any more".[26]
- In the qualifying for the 2007 Hungarian Grand Prix, while both McLarens were in the pits, Alonso remained stationary in the McLaren pit for a few seconds. This delayed the then provisional pole sitter and team-mate Lewis Hamilton long enough to prevent him from getting another 'hot lap' in. Alonso then went on to claim pole.[58] McLaren boss Ron Dennis later said the team had got "out of sequence" when Hamilton did not as agreed allow Alonso past earlier in the qualifying session. He added that Alonso was "under the control of his engineer" when he was waiting in the pit lane.[59] However, Alonso was subsequently given a five-place grid penalty[60] and his McLaren team were docked the 15 constructors' World Championship points they would have earned in the race.[61]
- As a result of this investigation, it emerged that some team members within McLaren, among them Alonso, were aware of confidential information belonging to the Ferrari team. This information was commented on to Alonso by McLaren test driver Pedro de la Rosa who had also received information from McLaren chief designer Mike Coughlan. The email contained text suggesting that Alonso was surprised by the data and doubted its authenticity. According to the "spygate" related email exchanges between Alonso and de la Rosa, it was clear that Alonso knew about Ferrari's pit strategies in the Australian Grand Prix and Bahrain Grand Prix. Alonso finished 2nd and 5th respectively in those races.[62] Ron Dennis told the FIA about the case during the Hungarian Grand Prix. Amid media allegations that Alonso threatened Dennis with reporting the team to FIA himself if he was not given number one driver status, Ron Dennis stated in a televised interview that there had been an argument, and that Alonso had said something in the heat of the moment but immediately apologised. This was when Dennis found out about Ferrari data and immediately informed the FIA. Pitlane sources have suggested, from published FIA stewards data, that an argument involving reporting the McLaren team to the FIA was prompted by the fact that there was no stewards' investigation regarding the qualifying pitlane incident until Anthony and Lewis Hamilton made a formal complaint on the Saturday evening; costing Alonso a five-place grid penalty and loss of Constructors' Points for the team. FIA then revealed that it had had knowledge of the Spygate case thanks to a slip made by Coughlan.[63]
- In what became known in the media as "Crashgate", Renault allegedly ordered Alonso's teammate Nelson Piquet, Jr. to crash at the 2008 Singapore Grand Prix, causing a safety-car incident at a moment where Alonso would get tremendous benefit from his race strategy, putting him towards the front of the field, and giving him a fighting chance to win the race, after a number of opponents (Felipe Massa, Robert Kubica and Kimi Räikkönen to name a few) suffered. However, the FIA confirmed that no evidence had shown that Alonso had knowledge of the plan, and neither did many of the personal mechanics of both drivers.[64]
- In the 2010 German Grand Prix at Hockenheim, Alonso became involved in a controversy with team-mate Massa, as Ferrari were accused of using team orders during the race. The incident started when Massa was leading the race and Ferrari engineer Rob Smedley said "Fernando is faster than you. Can you confirm you understood that message?".[65] Shortly after this, Massa slowed down and was overtaken by Alonso in what appeared to be team orders. Shortly after the race notable people of the senior personnel in Ferrari, Massa and Alonso were summoned to the stewards. The matter was then referred to the FIA World Motor Sport Council. and Ferrari were given a $100,000 fine but the result of the race was unchanged.[66][67]
- In the 2010 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix, Alonso was seen gesticulating furiously at Vitaly Petrov on the slowing down lap in front of TV cameras, and initially it seemed that he had blamed the young Russian for costing him the world crown as he ended up being unable to find a way past the Renault driver while race winner Sebastian Vettel was crowned world champion. However, Alonso denied accusations that he had accused Petrov of denying him the title.[68]
Fan phenomenon: Alonsomanía[link]
Alonsomanía is the fan phenomenon about Alonso. In 2005 his success fuelled an increase in interest in Formula One in Spain.[69][70] On 25 September 2005, a huge party began in Alonso's home town of Oviedo when he became the country's first Formula One World Champion and the youngest in the sport's history at the time. Alonso's fans are recognized by the light blue and yellow Asturias flags[69] which are coincidentally the same colors used by the Mild Seven Renault team between 2002 and 2006. After his championship win, a widely-visited exhibition of Alonso's racing gear was held in Oviedo.[71]
Racing record[link]
Career summary[link]
| Season | Series | Team | Races | Wins | Poles | F/Laps | Podiums | Points | Position |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1999 | Euro Open by Nissan | Campos Motorsport | 15 | 6 | 9 | 4 | 8 | 164 | 1st |
| 2000 | International Formula 3000 | Team Astromega | 9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 17 | 4th |
| 2001 | Formula One | European Minardi F1 Team | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23rd |
| 2002 | Formula One | Mild Seven Renault F1 Team | Test Driver | ||||||
| 2003 | Formula One | Mild Seven Renault F1 Team | 16 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 55 | 6th |
| 2004 | Formula One | Mild Seven Renault F1 Team | 18 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 59 | 4th |
| 2005 | Formula One | Mild Seven Renault F1 Team | 19 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 15 | 133 | 1st |
| 2006 | Formula One | Mild Seven Renault F1 Team | 18 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 14 | 134 | 1st |
| 2007 | Formula One | Vodafone McLaren Mercedes | 17 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 12 | 109 | 3rd |
| 2008 | Formula One | ING Renault F1 Team | 18 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 61 | 5th |
| 2009 | Formula One | ING Renault F1 Team | 17 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 26 | 9th |
| 2010 | Formula One | Scuderia Ferrari Marlboro | 19 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 10 | 252 | 2nd |
| 2011 | Formula One | Scuderia Ferrari Marlboro | 19 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 257 | 4th |
| 2012 | Formula One | Scuderia Ferrari | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 76 | 1st* |
* Season in progress.
Complete International Formula 3000 results[link]
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
| Year | Entrant | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | DC | Points |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | Team Astromega | IMO 9 |
SIL EX |
CAT 15 |
NÜR Ret |
MON 8 |
MAG Ret |
A1R 6 |
HOC Ret |
HUN 2 |
SPA 1 |
4th | 17 |
Complete Formula One results[link]
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
| Year | Entrant | Chassis | Engine | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | WDC | Points |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 | European Minardi F1 Team | Minardi PS01 | European (Cosworth) 3.0 V10 | AUS 12 |
MAL 13 |
BRA Ret |
SMR Ret |
ESP 13 |
AUT Ret |
MON Ret |
CAN Ret |
EUR 14 |
FRA 17 |
GBR 16 |
GER 10 |
HUN Ret |
BEL Ret |
ITA 13 |
USA Ret |
JPN 11 |
23rd | 0 | |||
| 2003 | Mild Seven Renault F1 Team | Renault R23 | Renault RS23 3.0 V10 | AUS 7 |
MAL 3 |
BRA 3 |
SMR 6 |
ESP 2 |
AUT Ret |
MON 5 |
CAN 4 |
EUR 4 |
FRA Ret |
GBR Ret |
GER 4 |
HUN 1 |
ITA 8 |
USA Ret |
JPN Ret |
6th | 55 | ||||
| 2004 | Mild Seven Renault F1 Team | Renault R24 | Renault RS24 3.0 V10 | AUS 3 |
MAL 7 |
BHR 6 |
SMR 4 |
ESP 4 |
MON Ret |
EUR 5 |
CAN Ret |
USA Ret |
FRA 2 |
GBR 10 |
GER 3 |
HUN 3 |
BEL Ret |
ITA Ret |
CHN 4 |
JPN 5 |
BRA 4 |
4th | 59 | ||
| 2005 | Mild Seven Renault F1 Team | Renault R25 | Renault RS25 3.0 V10 | AUS 3 |
MAL 1 |
BHR 1 |
SMR 1 |
ESP 2 |
MON 4 |
EUR 1 |
CAN Ret |
USA DNS |
FRA 1 |
GBR 2 |
GER 1 |
HUN 11 |
TUR 2 |
ITA 2 |
BEL 2 |
BRA 3 |
JPN 3 |
CHN 1 |
1st | 133 | |
| 2006 | Mild Seven Renault F1 Team | Renault R26 | Renault RS26 2.4 V8 | BHR 1 |
MAL 2 |
AUS 1 |
SMR 2 |
EUR 2 |
ESP 1 |
MON 1 |
GBR 1 |
CAN 1 |
USA 5 |
FRA 2 |
GER 5 |
HUN Ret |
TUR 2 |
ITA Ret |
CHN 2 |
JPN 1 |
BRA 2 |
1st | 134 | ||
| 2007 | Vodafone McLaren Mercedes | McLaren MP4-22 | Mercedes FO 108T 2.4 V8 | AUS 2 |
MAL 1 |
BHR 5 |
ESP 3 |
MON 1 |
CAN 7 |
USA 2 |
FRA 7 |
GBR 2 |
EUR 1 |
HUN 4 |
TUR 3 |
ITA 1 |
BEL 3 |
JPN Ret |
CHN 2 |
BRA 3 |
3rd | 109 | |||
| 2008 | ING Renault F1 Team | Renault R28 | Renault RS27 2.4 V8 | AUS 4 |
MAL 8 |
BHR 10 |
ESP Ret |
TUR 6 |
MON 10 |
CAN Ret |
FRA 8 |
GBR 6 |
GER 11 |
HUN 4 |
EUR Ret |
BEL 4 |
ITA 4 |
SIN 1 |
JPN 1 |
CHN 4 |
BRA 2 |
5th | 61 | ||
| 2009 | ING Renault F1 Team | Renault R29 | Renault RS27 2.4 V8 | AUS 5 |
MAL 11 |
CHN 9 |
BHR 8 |
ESP 5 |
MON 7 |
TUR 10 |
GBR 14 |
GER 7 |
HUN Ret |
EUR 6 |
BEL Ret |
ITA 5 |
9th | 26 | |||||||
| Renault F1 Team | SIN 3 |
JPN 10 |
BRA Ret |
ABU 14 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
| 2010 | Scuderia Ferrari Marlboro | Ferrari F10 | Ferrari 056 2.4 V8 | BHR 1 |
AUS 4 |
MAL 13 |
CHN 4 |
ESP 2 |
MON 6 |
TUR 8 |
CAN 3 |
EUR 8 |
GBR 14 |
GER 1 |
HUN 2 |
BEL Ret |
ITA 1 |
SIN 1 |
JPN 3 |
KOR 1 |
BRA 3 |
ABU 7 |
2nd | 252 | |
| 2011 | Scuderia Ferrari Marlboro | Ferrari 150° Italia | Ferrari 056 2.4 V8 | AUS 4 |
MAL 6 |
CHN 7 |
TUR 3 |
ESP 5 |
MON 2 |
CAN Ret |
EUR 2 |
4th | 257 | ||||||||||||
| Scuderia Ferrari | GBR 1 |
GER 2 |
HUN 3 |
BEL 4 |
ITA 3 |
SIN 4 |
JPN 2 |
KOR 5 |
IND 3 |
ABU 2 |
BRA 4 |
||||||||||||||
| 2012 | Scuderia Ferrari | Ferrari F2012 | Ferrari 056 2.4 V8 | AUS 5 |
MAL 1 |
CHN 9 |
BHR 7 |
ESP 2 |
MON 3 |
CAN | EUR | GBR | GER | HUN | BEL | ITA | SIN | JPN | KOR | IND | ABU | USA | BRA | 1st* | 76* |
* Season in progress.
See also[link]
Books[link]
- Actis, Raquel (2003) (in Spanish). Fernando Alonso: El Principe de la Formula 1. Nuevas Ediciones del Motor. ISBN 978-84-607-9784-5.
- Seara, Victor (2004) (in Spanish). Fernando Alonso: Una Estrella en El Mundo de la Formula 1. La Esfera de los Libros. ISBN 978-84-9734-182-0.
- Actis, Raquel; Luis Criado (2005) (in Spanish). Fernando Alonso: La Lucha por la Superacion. Cultural. ISBN 978-84-609-7818-3.
- Viaplana, Josep (2005) (in Spanish). El nuevo rey-Campeón Fernando Alonso. Ediciones B. ISBN 978-84-666-1798-7.
- Brian, Rodrigo Castillo; Javier del Arco de Izco, Antonio Lobato (2005) (in Spanish). Los 100 Mejores Pilotos de Fórmula 1: De Nino Farina a Fernando Alonso, 1950–2005. Cahoba Promociones y Ediciones. ISBN 978-84-9832-056-5.
- Camus, Martine (2006) (in French). Fernando Alonso: Le Sacre de la Jeunesse. Chronosports. ISBN 978-2-84707-108-5.
References[link]
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- ^ Miguel Martinez (10 May 2005). "Una torre de Babel donde se habla en inglés". El Periódico de Aragón (Grupo Zeta). http://www.elperiodicodearagon.com/noticias/noticia.asp?pkid=182249. Retrieved 25 October 2010. (Spanish)
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- ^ "Alonso Press Release". Vodafone McLaren Mercedes. 2 November 2007. http://www.mclaren.co.uk/mediaroom/information/pressreleases/alonso_release.php. Retrieved 2 November 2007.
- ^ Fernando Alonso to re-sign for Renault www.telegraph.co.uk Retrieved 10 December 2007
- ^ "Renault confirms 2008 driver line-up: Alonso and Piquet". gpupdate.net (GPUpdate). 10 December 2007. http://www.gpupdate.net/en/f1-news/175714/renault-confirms-2008-driver-line-up-alonso-and-piquet/. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
- ^ Lostia, Michele; Beer, Matt (24 October 2007). "Di Montezemolo says Massa was his choice". Autosport.com. http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/63633. Retrieved 30 September 2009.
- ^ "Ferrari confirm Raikkonen to end of 2010". Formula1.com. 12 September 2008. Archived from the original on 22 June 2009. http://www.formula1.com/news/headlines/2008/9/8365.html. Retrieved 14 September 2008.
- ^ "Massa wins as Ferrari dominates in desert". ITV. 6 April 2008. http://www.itv-f1.com/news_article.aspx?id=42246. Retrieved 6 April 2008.
- ^ "Renault rubbish 'brake test' suggestions". Autosport. 6 April 2008. http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/66448. Retrieved 6 April 2008.
- ^ "Bahrain Grand Prix – selected driver quotes". Formula1.com. 6 April 2008. http://www.formula1.com/news/headlines/2008/4/7608.html. Retrieved 6 April 2008.
- ^ Japanese Grand Prix BBC Sport. Retrieved 11 October 2008.
- ^ Collantine, Keith (27 September 2009). "Alonso praises Briatore after podium". F1 Fanatic (Keith Collantine). http://www.f1fanatic.co.uk/2009/09/27/alonso-praises-briatore-after-podium/. Retrieved 9 May 2010.
- ^ "Hamilton eyes Alonso-Ferrari F1 challenge". Orange Uganda. AFP (Orange). 10 September 2009. http://www.orange.ug/news/?p=29337. Retrieved 31 October 2010.
- ^ Beer, Matt (30 September 2009). "Ferrari confirms three-year Alonso deal". Autosport.com. http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/79061. Retrieved 30 September 2009.
- ^ a b Benson, Andrew (30 September 2009). "Ferrari confirm capture of Alonso". BBC Sport. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/motorsport/formula_one/8280566.stm. Retrieved 30 September 2009.
- ^ a b "Press Release". Scuderia Ferrari (Ferrari). 30 September 2009. http://www.ferrari.com/English/TS/News/Pages/090930_F1_News_1.aspx. Retrieved 23 June 2011.
- ^ "Fernando Alonso to Ferrari.com: "Very happy and very proud"". Scuderia Ferrari (Ferrari). 30 September 2009. http://www.ferrari.com/English/TS/News/Pages/090930_Fernando_Alonso.aspx. Retrieved 23 June 2011.
- ^ "Domenicali: "Alonso, the right choice for the future"". Scuderia Ferrari (Ferrari). 30 September 2009. http://www.ferrari.com/English/TS/News/Pages/090930_F1_Domenicali.aspx. Retrieved 23 June 2011.
- ^ "Alonso 'to sign five-year F1 deal with Ferrari". 29 September 2009. http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jYB6CaeYMH-Q2pssp7lP-asVFE_g. Retrieved 30 September 2009.
- ^ a b "Gold rush". Scuderia Ferrari (Ferrari). 30 September 2009. http://www.ferrari.com/English/TS/News/Pages/090930_F1_Gold_rush.aspx. Retrieved 23 June 2011.
- ^ Benson, Andrew (14 March 2010). "Fernando Alonso leads Ferrari one-two in Bahrain". BBC Sport (BBC). http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/motorsport/formula_one/8566770.stm. Retrieved 14 March 2010.
- ^ "DHL Fastest Lap Award – 2010 Results". formula1.com. Formula One Administration. http://www.formula1.com/results/season/2010/dhl_fastest_laps.html. Retrieved 14 November 2010.
- ^ Strang, Simon (14 November 2010). "Defeated Alonso defends pit strategy". autosport.com (Haymarket Publications). http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/88264. Retrieved 14 November 2010.
- ^ a b "Fernando Alonso to stay at Ferrari until 2016". Formula1.com (Formula One Administration). 19 May 2011. http://www.formula1.com/news/headlines/2011/5/12043.html. Retrieved 19 May 2011.
- ^ "The Coulthard-Alonso incident". Grand Prix. 1 July 2003. http://www.grandprix.com/ns/ns11426.html. Retrieved 16 January 2007.
- ^ "Schumi hints at foul play". GPUpdate.net. 5 August 2006. http://www.gpupdate.net/en/f1-news/126543/schumi-hints-at-foul-play/. Retrieved 1 February 2011.
- ^ "Hungarian Grand Prix 2007 – Qualifying". news.bbc.co.uk. 5 August 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/motorsport/formula_one/6929333.stm. Retrieved 6 August 2007.
- ^ "Dennis: Hamilton triggered incident". autosport.com. 4 August 2007. http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/61368. Retrieved 6 August 2007.
- ^ "Alonso demoted to sixth in Hungary". autosport.com. 4 August 2007. http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/61370. Retrieved 4 August 2007.
- ^ "Alonso punished for Hamilton move". British Broadcasting Corp.. 4 August 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/motorsport/formula_one/6929333.stm. Retrieved 4 August 2007.
- ^ "Dennis tipped off FIA about evidence". 14 September 2007. http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/62376. Retrieved 20 September 2007.
- ^ Elizalde, Pablo (19 September 2007). "Transcript highlights Dennis/Alonso row". http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/62548. Retrieved 20 September 2007.
- ^ Gorman, Edward (16 September 2009). "Flavio Briatore exits as Renault capitulates on race-fix claims". The Times (London: Times Newspapers Ltd.). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/formula_1/article6836959.ece. Retrieved 31 October 2010.
- ^ Smedley, Rob (Engineer) (25 July 2010). Formula 1: The German Grand Prix. Hockenheimring, Baden-Württemberg, Germany: BBC. Event occurs at 02:00:40–02:00:50.
- ^ Vesty, Marc (25 July 2010). "Fernando Alonso leads Ferrari one-two in German GP". BBC Sport (BBC). http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/motorsport/formula_one/8852780.stm. Retrieved 25 July 2010.
- ^ Rae, Richard (25 July 2010). "Ferrari fined $100,000 but result stands". BBC Sport (BBC). http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/motorsport/formula_one/8852918.stm. Retrieved 25 July 2010.
- ^ Young, Byron (15 November 2010). "Alonso accused of Petrov gestures". Daily Mirror. http://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/motorsport/2010/11/15/fernando-alonso-accused-of-giving-vitaly-petrov-the-finger-after-losing-f1-world-title-115875-22718216/. Retrieved 15 November 2010.
- ^ a b "India's premier sports portal". Sify.com. http://sify.com/sports/motorsport/fullstory.php?id=13736476. Retrieved 30 September 2009.
- ^ "SI.com – Racing – Alonso bides his time ahead of Schumacher duel – Friday May 6, 2005 1:45 pm". Sports Illustrated. 6 May 2005. http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2005/racing/05/06/bc.sport.motor.racing/. Retrieved 30 September 2009.
- ^ "Alonso gets Spain's top sporting award". Rediff.com. http://www.rediff.com/sports/2005/oct/22alonso.htm. Retrieved 30 September 2009.
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Fernando Alonso |
|
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Fernando Alonso |
- Fernando Alonso's official site
- Profile – from Formula 1 official website
- Profile – from Scuderia Ferrari official website
- FAster Inside with Fernando Alonso (Spanish)
- Career statistics
- Fernando Alonso statistics
- Fernando Alonso at the Internet Movie Database
- Fernando Alonso at the Notable Names Database
- Fernando Alonso on Twitter
- Fernando Alonso on Facebook
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Alonso Díaz, Fernando |
| Alternative names | Alonso, Fernando |
| Short description | Spanish Formula One driver. |
| Date of birth | 29 July 1981 |
| Place of birth | Oviedo, Asturias, Spain |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Fernando_Alonso
Related pages:
http://de.wn.com/Fernando Alonso
http://es.wn.com/Fernando Alonso
http://ru.wn.com/Алонсо, Фернандо
http://cs.wn.com/Fernando Alonso
http://pt.wn.com/Fernando Alonso
http://pl.wn.com/Fernando Alonso
http://it.wn.com/Fernando Alonso
http://id.wn.com/Fernando Alonso
http://nl.wn.com/Fernando Alonso
http://fr.wn.com/Fernando Alonso
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_Alonso
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the racing driver. For other people named Sergio Pérez, see Sergio Pérez (disambiguation).
This name uses Spanish naming customs; the first or paternal family name is Pérez and the second or maternal family name is Mendoza.
 Pérez at the 2011 Malaysian Grand Prix |
|
| Born | (1990-01-26) 26 January 1990 (age 22) |
|---|---|
| Formula One World Championship career | |
| Nationality |  Mexican |
| 2012 team | Sauber-Ferrari |
| 2012 car # | 15 |
| Races | 25 (23 starts) |
| Championships | 0 |
| Wins | 0 |
| Podiums | 1 |
| Career points | 36 |
| Pole positions | 0 |
| Fastest laps | 1 |
| First race | 2011 Australian Grand Prix |
| Last race | 2012 Monaco Grand Prix |
| 2011 position | 16th (14 pts) |
Sergio Pérez Mendoza (born January 26, 1990 in Guadalajara, Jalisco[1]), also known as "Checo" Pérez, is a Mexican racing driver currently racing for Sauber in the 2012 Formula One season.[2] Pérez, who currently resides in Schindellegi, Switzerland,[1] is the younger brother of former champion NASCAR Corona Series driver Antonio Pérez[3] and is also a member of the Ferrari Driver Academy. He also took his first Formula One podium at the 2012 Malaysian Grand Prix.
Contents |
Early career[link]
Skip Barber[link]
Pérez competed in the United States-based Skip Barber National Championship in 2004. Driving for a team sponsored by Mexican telecommunications company Telmex, he finished eleventh in the championship.
Formula BMW[link]
Pérez moved to Europe for 2005 to compete in the German Formula BMW ADAC series. He finished fourteenth in the championship, driving for Team Rosberg, and improved to sixth position the following year.
A1 Grand Prix[link]
In the 2006–07 A1 Grand Prix season, Pérez took part in a single round of the championship for A1 Team Mexico. He was the third-youngest driver to take part in the series.
Formula Three[link]
Pérez switched to the British Formula Three Championship for 2007. He competed in the National Class – for older chassis – with the T-Sport team, winning the championship by a comfortable margin. In the process, he won two-thirds of the races and a similar proportion of pole positions, and finished all but two races on the podium.
For 2008, he and T-Sport graduated to the premier International Class of the championship, where he was one of the few drivers to be equipped with a Mugen Honda engine. After leading the championship early in the season, he eventually finished fourth in the drivers' standings.
GP2 Series[link]
Pérez drove for the Campos Grand Prix team in the 2008–09 GP2 Asia Series season, partnering Russian driver Vitaly Petrov. He is the first Mexican driver to compete at this level of motorsport since Giovanni Aloi took part in International Formula 3000 in 1990. He won his first GP2 Asia Series race at Sakhir, winning from lights-to-flag in the sprint race having started from pole position. He added a second win at Losail, during the sprint race of the night meeting in Qatar.
He moved to Arden International for the main 2009 GP2 Series season, driving alongside fellow Formula Three graduate Edoardo Mortara. Pérez finished twelfth in the standings, with a best result of second coming at Valencia. In the off-season, he contested two rounds of the 2009–10 GP2 Asia Series for Barwa Addax, ahead of a 2010 main series campaign with the team.[4] He won five races, and finished second in the standings behind Pastor Maldonado.
Formula One[link]
Sauber (2011–present)[link]
2011[link]
In October 2010, Sauber announced that Pérez would join the team in 2011, replacing Nick Heidfeld. Sauber subsequently announced a partnership with Pérez's sponsor Telmex.[5] Pérez is the fifth Mexican to compete in Formula One, and the first since Héctor Rebaque competed between 1977 and 1981.
He passed the chequered flag in seventh place in his first race, the Australian Grand Prix, impressing commentators by stopping to change tyres only once — becoming the only driver in the field to make fewer than two stops.[6] However, both Sauber cars were subsequently disqualified for infringing technical regulations.[7] Pérez failed to repeat the result in Malaysia where body parts flew off Sebastien Buemi's Toro Rosso car and into the electrical system of Pérez's Sauber, forcing his retirement. The Chinese Grand Prix saw him start in 12th position and he struggled during the race as well as making contact with several drivers en route to 17th. The following round in Turkey was also quite disappoiting, with Pérez finishing in 14th place. In Spain, Pérez collected his first classified points in ninth place, ahead of team-mate Kamui Kobayashi in tenth.
During the third part of qualifying for the Monaco Grand Prix, Pérez lost control of his car upon exiting the circuit's tunnel section, swung to the right and crashed into the barrier, before sliding across the chicane and hitting the TecPro barrier with a heavy side impact.[8] Pérez was seen holding his hands around his head in an attempt to protect it just before the final impact. The session was suspended, and marshals and medical personnel extricated Pérez from his car. A Sauber team spokesman confirmed that Pérez was conscious and able to talk after the accident, and had been taken to the circuit's medical centre.[9] He suffered a sprained thigh and concussion, and did not take part in the race on medical grounds.[10] Pérez did not take part in the race the following day, and Kobayashi was left as the team's lone driver. After taking part in the first practice session of the Canadian Grand Prix, Pérez did not feel well enough and decided not to take any further part. He was replaced by Pedro de la Rosa. He was back in Valencia for the European Grand Prix and finished 11th after attempting to run the race on a one-stop strategy.[11] Pérez took a career best seventh at the British Grand Prix and eleventh in Germany. After a 15th place in Hungary and retirement in Belgium, followed by a gearbox failure while running seventh in Italy, he scored a point in Singapore after losing ninth place to Felipe Massa. In Japan he took eighth place earning a total of four points. At Korea he failed to take any points after finishing in sixteenth. He earned one point in India after finishing in tenth. In Abu Dhabi, he started 11th on the grid. He fell back into 22nd after contact on the front wing but finished in 11th.
On 28 July, it was announced that Pérez would remain with Sauber into the 2012 season, alongside team-mate Kobayashi.[12] On 13 September, Pérez tested for Ferrari as part of the Ferrari Driver Academy in a Ferrari F60, Ferrari's car from the 2009 season. Pérez conducted the test with fellow academy member Jules Bianchi.[13]
Pérez finished the 2011 season in 16th place with 14 points, less than half the tally of his more experienced Sauber team-mate Kamui Kobayashi.
2012[link]
Pérez started the season with eighth place at the Australian Grand Prix, losing several places on the final lap due to excessively-worn tyres.[14] In the second round at Malaysia, he went on to battle with Fernando Alonso for the win. In the dying laps of the race he was able to close the gap to 0.5 seconds, but was not able to make the pass as he went wide at turn 14 and fell back, finishing 2.2 seconds behind Alonso in second.[15] Many observers praised the performance of Pérez during the race despite his late-race error,[16][17][18] taking Sauber's best result as an independent team.[19] In China, Pérez qualified a career-best eighth, but finished the race in eleventh place after problems with pit strategy and also his car's clutch.[20]
Racing record[link]
Career summary[link]
| Season | Series | Team Name | Races | Poles | Wins | Points | Position |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2004 | Skip Barber National Championship | Telmex Racing | 14 | 0 | 0 | 77 | 11th |
| 2005 | Formula BMW ADAC | Team Rosberg | 19 | 0 | 0 | 37 | 14th |
| 2006 | Formula BMW ADAC | ADAC Berlin-Brandenburg | 18 | 0 | 0 | 112 | 6th |
| 2006–07 | A1 Grand Prix | A1 Team Mexico | 2 | 0 | 0 | 35† | 10th† |
| 2007 | British Formula Three – National Class | T-Sport | 21 | 14 | 14 | 376 | 1st |
| 2008 | British Formula Three | T-Sport | 22 | 0 | 4 | 195 | 4th |
| 2008–09 | GP2 Asia Series | Campos Grand Prix | 11 | 0 | 2 | 26 | 7th |
| 2009 | GP2 Series | Arden International | 20 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 12th |
| 2009–10 | GP2 Asia Series | Barwa Addax Team | 4 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 15th |
| 2010 | GP2 Series | Barwa Addax Team | 20 | 1 | 5 | 71 | 2nd |
| 2011 | Formula One | Sauber F1 Team | 19 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 16th |
| 2012 | Formula One | Sauber F1 Team | 6 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 10th* |
† Includes points scored by other drivers.
* Season in progress.
Complete A1 Grand Prix results[link]
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
| Year | Entrant | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | DC | Points |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2006–07 | A1 Team Mexico | NED SPR |
NED FEA |
CZE SPR |
CZE FEA |
CHN SPR |
CHN FEA |
MYS SPR |
MYS FEA |
IDN SPR |
IDN FEA |
NZL SPR PO |
NZL FEA PO |
AUS SPR PO |
AUS FEA PO |
RSA SPR |
RSA FEA |
MEX SPR PO |
MEX FEA PO |
CHN SPR 15 |
CHN FEA Ret |
GBR SPR |
GBR SPR |
10th | 35 |
Complete GP2 Series results[link]
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
| Year | Entrant | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | DC | Points |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | Arden International | ESP FEA 14 |
ESP SPR 17 |
MON FEA 12 |
MON SPR 9 |
TUR FEA Ret |
TUR SPR 16 |
GBR FEA 4 |
GBR SPR 6 |
GER FEA 8 |
GER SPR 20 |
HUN FEA Ret |
HUN SPR 16 |
VAL FEA 3 |
VAL SPR 2 |
BEL FEA Ret |
BEL SPR 4 |
ITA FEA Ret |
ITA SPR Ret |
POR FEA Ret |
POR SPR 11 |
12th | 22 |
| 2010 | Barwa Addax Team | ESP FEA 4 |
ESP SPR Ret |
MON FEA 1 |
MON SPR 6 |
TUR FEA DSQ |
TUR SPR 7 |
VAL FEA 11 |
VAL SPR 16 |
GBR FEA 5 |
GBR SPR 1 |
GER FEA 2 |
GER SPR 1 |
HUN FEA 3 |
HUN SPR Ret |
BEL FEA 7 |
BEL SPR 1 |
ITA FEA Ret |
ITA SPR 13 |
ABU FEA 1 |
ABU SPR Ret |
2nd | 71 |
Complete GP2 Asia Series results[link]
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
| Year | Entrant | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | DC | Points |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008–09 | Campos Grand Prix | CHN FEA Ret |
CHN SPR 7 |
DUB FEA 6 |
DUB SPR C |
BHR1 FEA 8 |
BHR1 SPR 1 |
QAT FEA 2 |
QAT SPR 1 |
MYS FEA Ret |
MYS SPR 6 |
BHR2 FEA 12 |
BHR2 SPR 9 |
7th | 26 |
| 2009–10 | Barwa Addax Team | ABU1 FEA |
ABU1 SPR |
ABU2 FEA 12 |
ABU2 SPR 4 |
BHR1 FEA 7 |
BHR1 SPR 17 |
BHR2 FEA |
BHR2 SPR |
15th | 5 |
Complete Formula One results[link]
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
| Year | Entrant | Chassis | Engine | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | WDC | Points |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2011 | Sauber F1 Team | Sauber C30 | Ferrari 056 2.4 V8 | AUS DSQ |
MAL Ret |
CHN 17 |
TUR 14 |
ESP 9 |
MON DNS |
CAN PO |
EUR 11 |
GBR 7 |
GER 11 |
HUN 15 |
BEL Ret |
ITA Ret |
SIN 10 |
JPN 8 |
KOR 16 |
IND 10 |
ABU 11 |
BRA 13 |
16th | 14 | |
| 2012 | Sauber F1 Team | Sauber C31 | Ferrari 056 2.4 V8 | AUS 8 |
MAL 2 |
CHN 11 |
BHR 11 |
ESP Ret |
MON 11 |
CAN | EUR | GBR | GER | HUN | BEL | ITA | SIN | JPN | KOR | IND | ABU | USA | BRA | 10th* | 22* |
* Season in progress.
References[link]
- ^ a b "Profile Sergio Pérez". sauberf1team.com (Sauber F1 Team). http://www.sauberf1team.com/en/drivers/sergio_perez.cfm. Retrieved 2011-08-17.
- ^ http://www.formula1.com/news/headlines/2010/10/11338.html
- ^ "Bienvenidodosa PerezRacing.com". Official Pérez Brothers. http://www.sergioperezf1.com/. Retrieved 2010-10-14.
- ^ Beer, Matt (2009-12-09). "Perez rejoins Addax for 2010". autosport.com (Haymarket Publications). http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/80497. Retrieved 2010-03-13.
- ^ Sauber signs Perez for 2011 season, Autosport.com, October 4th 2010
- ^ Holt, Sarah (27 March 2011). "Sebastian Vettel beats Lewis Hamilton in Australian GP". BBC Sport (BBC). http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/motorsport/formula_one/9437589.stm. Retrieved 27 March 2011.
- ^ "Sauber disqualified after Sergio Perez impresses". BBC Sport (BBC). 2011-03-27. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/motorsport/formula_one/9437693.stm. Retrieved 2011-04-10.
- ^ Pugmire, Jerome (28 May 2011). "Perez not seriously hurt in Monaco GP crash". USA Today (David Hunke; Gannett Company). http://www.usatoday.com/sports/motor/2011-05-28-3008638151_x.htm. Retrieved 28 May 2011.
- ^ Elizalde, Pablo (2011-05-28). "Perez conscious, talking after crash". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/91795. Retrieved 2011-05-28.
- ^ Elizalde, Pablo (2011-05-28). "Perez ruled out of Monaco GP". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/91821. Retrieved 2011-05-28.
- ^ Benson, Andrew (10 June 2011). "Sergio Perez to miss rest of Canadian Grand Prix". BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation). http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/formula_one/13734813.stm. Retrieved 10 June 2011.
- ^ "Kobayashi and Perez to stay at Sauber in 2012". formula1.com (Formula One Administration). 28 July 2011. http://www.formula1.com/news/headlines/2011/7/12364.html. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
- ^ "The Ferrari Driver Academy according to Perez and Bianchi". Scuderia Ferrari (Ferrari). 15 September 2011. http://www.ferrari.com/English/Formula1/News/Headlines/Pages/110915_FDA_The-Ferrari-Driver-Academy-according-to-Perez-and-Bianchi.aspx. Retrieved 4 October 2011.
- ^ "Australian GP: Race". Sauber F1 Team (Sauber F1). 18 March 2012. http://www.sauberf1team.com/en/news.cfm?id=D7S09505-Australian_GP_%E2%80%93_Race. Retrieved 18 April 2012.
- ^ "Tyres cost one-stopping Perez sixth". ESPN F1 (ESPN Emea Ltd.). 18 March 2012. http://en.espnf1.com/australia/motorsport/story/73472.html. Retrieved 18 March 2012.
- ^ "Alonso holds off stellar Perez for Sepang victory". Formula1.com (Formula One Administration). 25 March 2012. http://www.formula1.com/news/headlines/2012/3/13166.html. Retrieved 18 April 2012.
- ^ Spurgeon, Brad (25 March 2012). "In Malaysia, Alonso Wins Race but Perez Wins Stardom". The New York Times (Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.; The New York Times Company). http://rendezvous.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/25/in-malaysia-alonso-wins-race-but-perez-wins-stardom/. Retrieved 18 April 2012.
- ^ "Alonso rains on McLaren parade as Perez auditions". Crash.net (Crash Media Group). 25 March 2012. http://www.crash.net/f1/race+report/177959/1/alonso_rains_on_mclaren_parade_as_perez_auditions.html. Retrieved 18 April 2012.
- ^ "Alonso Wins in Rainy Malaysia, Petrov 16th". RIA Novosti (Russian News and Information Agency). 25 March 2012. http://en.rian.ru/sports/20120325/172382708.html. Retrieved 18 April 2012. "Perez recorded his best-ever F1 finish and Sauber’s best as an independent constructor, but could have won when he homed in on Alonso, only to run wide and lose time six laps from the finish."
- ^ Strang, Simon (15 April 2012). "Sauber duo disappointed with Chinese Grand Prix result after qualifying promise". Autosport (Haymarket Publications). http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/98864. Retrieved 18 April 2012. "Actually I feel I would have been better off with a three stop strategy, but you never know. The pit stops as such were good, but at both I lost time at the launch because we had a problem with the clutch. However, this is racing and we will do better next time."
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Sergio Pérez |
- Official website
- Sergio Pérez career details at driverdb.com
- Sergio Pérez news, photos, results at GPUpdate.net
- Sergio Pérez on Facebook
- Sergio Pérez on Twitter
- Sergio Pérez at the Internet Movie Database
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Perez, Sergio |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | January 26, 1990 |
| Place of birth | Guadalajara (Mexico) |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Sergio_Pérez
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Sergio Pérez (pilota)
http://cs.wn.com/Sergio Pérez
http://id.wn.com/Sergio Pérez
http://es.wn.com/Sergio Pérez Mendoza
http://ru.wn.com/Перес, Серхио
http://nl.wn.com/Sergio Pérez
http://pt.wn.com/Sergio Pérez
http://pl.wn.com/Sergio Pérez
http://fr.wn.com/Sergio Pérez
http://de.wn.com/Sergio Pérez
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
