- published: 20 Feb 2011
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6th October Bridge
The 6th October Bridge (Arabic: جسر 6 أكتوبر, Kubri 6 uktubar) is an elevated highway in central Cairo, Egypt. The 20.5 kilometres (12.7 mi) bridge and causeway crosses the Nile River twice from the west bank suburbs, east through Gezira Island to Downtown Cairo, and on to connect the city to the Cairo International Airport to the east.
Its name commemorates the date of 'The Crossing' which commenced the outbreak day of the October War in 1973.
The bridge and causeway were completed in 1996, with construction taking nearly 30 years. It began in 1969 with the modest, 130 metres (430 ft)-long Phase 1, which only spanned the smaller west branch of the Nile from Gezira to Agouza (built from May 1969 to August 1972). Phase 9 completed the 20.5 kilometres (12.7 mi)-long final length in 1996. The '6th October Bridge and Flyover' runs from the Agricultural Museum in Dokki east to the Autostrade in Nasr City.
The building of the 6th October Bridge and causeway has been declared a national infrastructure project.
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Alexandria
Alexandria (Arabic: الإسكندرية Al Iskandariyya, Coptic: Ⲣⲁⲕⲟⲧⲉ Rakotə, Greek: Αλεξάνδρεια Alexándria, Koine Greek: Ἀλεξάνδρεια ἡ κατ' Αἴγυπτον IPA: [ɑlɛˈksɑndɾiɑ e kɑt ˈɛʝypton] "Alexandria in Egypt", Egyptian Arabic: اسكندريه [eskendeˈrejːæ]) is the second-largest city of Egypt, with a population of 4.1 million, extending about 32 km (20 mi) along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country; it is also the largest city lying directly on the Mediterranean coast. It is Egypt's largest seaport, serving approximately 80% of Egypt's imports and exports. Alexandria is also an important tourist resort. It is home to the Bibliotheca Alexandrina (the new Library of Alexandria). It is an important industrial centre because of its natural gas and oil pipelines from Suez.
Alexandria was founded around a small pharaonic town c. 331 BC by Alexander the Great. It remained Egypt's capital for nearly a thousand years, until the Muslim conquest of Egypt in AD 641, when a new capital was founded at Fustat (Fustat was later absorbed into Cairo). Alexandria was known because of its Lighthouse of Alexandria (Pharos), one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World; its library (the largest library in the ancient world); and the Catacombs of Kom el Shoqafa, one of the Seven Wonders of the Middle Ages. Ongoing maritime archaeology in the harbor of Alexandria, which began in 1994, is revealing details of Alexandria both before the arrival of Alexander, when a city named Rhacotis existed there, and during the Ptolemaic dynasty.
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Cairo
Cairo (
/ˈkaɪroʊ/ KYE-roh; Arabic: القاهرة al-Qāhira, literally "The Vanquisher" or "The Conqueror"), is the capital of Egypt and the largest city in the Arab world and Africa, and the 16th largest metropolitan area in the world. Located near the Nile Delta, it was founded in the year 969 A.D. making it 1,043 years old. Nicknamed "The City of a Thousand Minarets" for its preponderance of Islamic architecture, Cairo has long been a centre of the region's political and cultural life. Cairo was founded by the Fatimid dynasty in the 10th century AD.; but the land composing the present-day city was the site of national capitals whose remnants remain visible in parts of Old Cairo. Cairo is also associated with Ancient Egypt due to its proximity to the ancient cities of Memphis, Giza and Fustat which are nearby to the Great Sphinx and the pyramids of Giza.
Egyptians today often refer to Cairo as Maṣr (Arabic: مصر), the Arabic pronunciation of the name for Egypt itself, emphasizing the city's continued role in Egyptian influence. Cairo has the oldest and largest film and music industries in the Arab World, as well as the world's second-oldest institution of higher learning, al-Azhar University. Many international media, businesses, and organizations have regional headquarters in the city, and the Arab League has had its headquarters in Cairo for most of its existence.
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Cairo, Egypt
Cairo ( /ˈkaɪroʊ/ KYE-roh; Arabic: القاهرة al-Qāhira, literally "The Vanquisher" or "The Conqueror"), is the capital of Egypt and the largest city in the Arab world and Africa, and the 16th largest metropolitan area in the world. Located near the Nile Delta, it was founded in the year 969 A.D. making it 1,043 years old. Nicknamed "The City of a Thousand Minarets" for its preponderance of Islamic architecture, Cairo has long been a centre of the region's political and cultural life. Cairo was founded by the Fatimid dynasty in the 10th century AD.; but the land composing the present-day city was the site of national capitals whose remnants remain visible in parts of Old Cairo. Cairo is also associated with Ancient Egypt due to its proximity to the ancient cities of Memphis, Giza and Fustat which are nearby to the Great Sphinx and the pyramids of Giza.
Egyptians today often refer to Cairo as Maṣr (Arabic: مصر), the Arabic pronunciation of the name for Egypt itself, emphasizing the city's continued role in Egyptian influence. Cairo has the oldest and largest film and music industries in the Arab World, as well as the world's second-oldest institution of higher learning, al-Azhar University. Many international media, businesses, and organizations have regional headquarters in the city, and the Arab League has had its headquarters in Cairo for most of its existence.
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Sidi Bishr
Sidi Bishr (Arabic: سيدي بشر) is a neighborhood in the Montaza District of Alexandria, Egypt. Established as a summering site by the Egyptian middle class before the Revolution of 1952, it has since become one of the largest neighborhoods of the city.
The Coptic Orthodox Church of Saint Mark and Pope Peter—known locally as the Church of the Two Saints—located in Sidi Bishr, was the target of the 2011 Alexandria bombing on 1 January 2011; formerly suspected to be the work of terrorist group the Army of Islam, the Chief Prosecutor of Egypt has since accused the Interior Ministry of carrying out the bombing.
The headquarters of Montaza District are located in Sidi Bishr; the building was damaged by fire during the Revolution of 2011, as it contained a police station.
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Tahrir Square
Coordinates: 30°02′40″N 31°14′09″E / 30.044422°N 31.235696°E / 30.044422; 31.235696
Tahrir Square (Arabic: ميدان التحرير Mīdān at-Taḥrīr, IPA: [meˈdæːn ettæħˈɾiːɾ], English: Liberation Square) is a major public town square in Downtown Cairo, Egypt.
The square was originally called "Ismailia Square" (ميدان الأسماعيليّة Mīdān al-Ismā‘īliyyah), after the 19th-century ruler Khedive Ismail, who commissioned the new downtown district's 'Paris on the Nile' design. After the Egyptian Revolution of 1919 the square became widely known as Tahrir (Liberation) Square, but the square was not officially renamed until the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, which changed Egypt from a constitutional monarchy into a republic. The square was a focal point for the Egyptian Revolution of 2011.
At the centre of Tahrir Square is a large and busy traffic circle. On the north-east side is a plaza with a statue of nationalist hero Omar Makram, celebrated for his resistance against Napoleon I's invasion of Egypt, and beyond is the Omar Makram Mosque.
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United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
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USA
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
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Abbas El Fassi
Abbas El Fassi (Arabic: عباس الفاسي; born on September 18, 1940, In Berkane, Morocco) was the Prime Minister of Morocco from 19 September 2007 to 29 November 2011. El Fassi, a member of the Istiqlal Party, replaced independent Driss Jettou.
El Fassi was born in Berkane, Morocco on September 18, 1940. He served as the Minister of Housing from 1977 to 1981, Minister of Handicraft and Social Affairs from 1981 to 1985, Ambassador to Tunisia and the Arab League from 1985 to 1990, Ambassador to France from 1990 to 1994, and as Minister of Employment, Professional training, Social Development and Solidarity from 2000 to 2002. He then took up the post of Minister of State in the Jettou government from 2002 to 2007.King Mohammed VI appointed El Fassi as Prime Minister on September 19, 2007 following Istiqlal's victory in the parliamentary elections on September 7.
His government was appointed by Mohammed VI on October 15, with 33 members (not including El Fassi), including seven women. Five political parties were included in this government: Istiqlal, liberal Mouvement Populaire (MP), the Socialist Union of Popular Forces (USFP), the National Rally of Independents (RNI), and the Party of Progress and Socialism (PPS).
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Abdelaziz Bouteflika
Abdelaziz Bouteflika (Arabic pronunciation: [ʕaːbd lʕziz butfliqaː]; Arabic: عبد العزيز بوتفليقة) (born 2 March 1937) is an Algerian politician who has been the fifth President of Algeria since 1999. He presided over the end of the bloody Algerian Civil War in 2002, and he ended emergency rule in February 2011 amidst regional unrest.
He has also served as president of the United Nations General Assembly.
Abdelaziz Bouteflika was born on 2 March 1937 in Oujda, Morocco. He was the first child of his mother and the second child of his father (Fatima, his half-sister, preceded him). His father (Ahmed Bouteflika) and mother (Mansouria Ghezlaoui) originated from the region of Tlemcen. Bouteflika has three half-sisters (Fatima, Yamina, and Aïcha), as well as four brothers (Abdelghani, Mustapha, Abderahim and Saïd) and one sister (Latifa). Saïd serves as Abdelaziz Bouteflika's personal physician, and is said by some to be an important figure in Bouteflika's inner circle of advisers.
Bouteflika was raised in Oujda, where his father had emigrated as a youngster. He successively attended three schools there: "Sidi Ziane", "El Hoceinia" and the "Abdel Moumen" high-school, where he reportedly excelled academically. He was also affiliated with Kadiri Zaouia in Oujda.
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Ahmad Fathi Sorour
Ahmad Fathi Sorour (born 9 July 1932) is an Egyptian politician who was the Speaker of the People's Assembly of Egypt from 1990 until the Egyptian Revolution of 2011. Previously he served in the government as Minister of Education from 1986 to 1990.
Dr. Sorour was first elected to the People's Assembly in April 1989 was elected Speaker in November 1990. He was President of the Council of the Inter-Parliamentary Union in 1994–1997 and also served as President of the Union of African Parliaments in 1990–1991. According to Article 84 of the Egyptian Constitution, Sorour, as speaker of the People's Assembly, was first in the order of succession to become President of Egypt if the president died, became incapacitated, or resigned. Upon the resignation of Hosni Mubarak in 2011, however, the military, headed by Mohamed Hussein Tantawi, assumed control of the state.
Sorour was widely criticized for article 93 of the Egyptian Constituation "The parliament is the master of its decisions", meaning that the parliament could make its decision about membership regardless to any judicial decisions. This article caused significant concerns amidst allegations that the Egyptian parliamentary elections were repeatedly systematically rigged. Sorour continued to assert that the parliament is the competent authority to decide as to the validity of its memberships despite the widely acknowledged allegations of rigging. Following the Egyptian revolution of 2011 Sorour's parliament was dissolved and article 93 was referred for revision.
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Ahmed Aboul Gheit
Ahmed Aboul-Gheit (Arabic: أحمد أبو الغيط, also: Abu al-Ghayt, Abu El Gheyt, etc.) (born June 12, 1942) is an Egyptian diplomat who was the Foreign Minister of Egypt from 11 July 2004 to 6 March 2011, since the government of Ahmed Nazif took office. Aboul-Gheit previously served as Egypt's ambassador to the United Nations. In December 2005 he began mediating the Chad-Sudan conflict. He was succeeded by ICJ judge Nabil Elaraby in March 2011, following the overthrow of President Hosni Mubarak.
Born at Heliopolis in Cairo, Aboul Gheit was originally from the city of Port Saeed. He started his career as Third Secretary in the Embassy of Cyprus and moved into being the First Secretary for Egypt's Ambassador in the United Nations, Political Consultant in the Egyptian Embassy in Russia in 1984, and moved into being the Ambassador of Egypt in Rome, Macedonia and San Marino, and by 1999 he was the head of Egypt's permanent delegation in the United Nations.
Regarding the Pope Benedict XVI Islam controversy, he said "this was a very unfortunate statement and it is a statement that shows that there is a lack of understanding of real Islam. And because of this we are hopeful that such statements and such positions would not be stated in order to not allow tension and distrust and recriminations to brew between the Muslim as well as the west."
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Ahmed Ezz
Ahmed Ezz (born in 1959) is an Egyptian businessman and one-time politician, the owner of Ezz Steel and the former chairman of Egypt's national assembly's budget committee. He is also a former senior member of the ruling National Democratic Party of Egypt (NDP) and has been described as "a confidant of the president’s son Gamal Mubarak, and two other former ministers."
In 1982, Ezz graduated from Cairo University with a degree in Civil Engineering. He has been elected twice as the head of the Iron and Steel Arab Union. Prior to his work in organized labor, Ezz was a parliamentary member representing the districts of Sadat-Monouf-Sers al-Liyan from Monofuyia from the year 2000 to 2011, and also the Chairman of the Planning and Budget Committee of the People's Assembly of Egypt as a member of the National Democratic Party. (According to Al Jazeera, he resigned from the NDP on 29 January 2011.)
Prior to the revolution, opposition parties, other parliamentarians, and groups accused Ezz of monopolizing the steel industry in Egypt by holding more than 60 percent of the market share, describing it as an act that is backed up by the government when the dominant share of monopoly was raised from 35 percent to 65 percent, an act that was described by the active parliamentarian Aboul Ezz Al Hariri as "enhancing the proliferation of monopolies rather than fighting them". The groups mentioned are even blaming him of increasing the steel prices of as much as 70 percent. In response Ezz has told reporters that a competition law "would at least provide a legal framework preventing everyone from making accusations".
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Ahmed Nazif
Ahmed Nazif (Arabic: أحمد نظيف, Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [ˈæħmæd nɑˈzˤiːf]) (born July 8, 1952 in Alexandria) served as the Prime Minister of Egypt from 14 July 2004 to 29 January 2011, when his cabinet was dismissed by President Hosni Mubarak in light of a popular uprising that led to the Egyptian Revolution of 2011. Nazif was Acting President of Egypt from 5 March to 15 April 2010, when President Mubarak delegated his authorities to Nazif while undergoing surgery in Germany.
President Hosni Mubarak invited him to form the new government on 9 July 2004. Prime Minister Nazif was sworn in together with fourteen new cabinet ministers on 14 July 2004. He received immediate parliamentary backing through a formal vote of confidence. He was the youngest serving prime minister of Egypt since the founding of the Republic and the second youngest prime minister in the history of modern Egypt. His cabinet was known to be mainly composed of technocrats and well educated neo-liberals.
Having come to power replacing outgoing Prime Minister Atef Obeid who resigned at an emergency cabinet meeting, prompting the collapse of the four-year-old 34-member cabinet, pressure to undergo reforms was ripe. Nazif had served as the Minister for Communications and Information Technology in the Obeid Government. Before that, Nazif was a professor in the Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University.
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Ahmed Shafik
Ahmed Mohamed Shafik (Arabic: أحمد محمد شفيق, IPA: [ˈæħmæd mæˈħæmmæd ʃæˈfiːʔ]; born November 1941)[citation needed] is an Egyptian politician and candidate for the presidency of Egypt. He was a senior commander in the Egyptian Air Force and later served as Prime Minister of Egypt from the 31st of January 2011 to the 3rd of March 2011, a period of 33 days.
After a career as a fighter pilot, and squadron, wing and base commander, Shafik was the Commander of the Egyptian Air Force from 1996 to 2002, reaching the rank of air marshal. Thereafter he served in the government as Minister of Civil Aviation from 2002 to 2011.
He was appointed as Prime Minister by President Hosni Mubarak on January 31, 2011 in response to the 2011 Egyptian Revolution, making him the last Prime Minister to serve as part of Mubarak's administration. He remained in office for only one month, resigning on March 3, 2011, one day after a contentious talk show confrontation in which he was accused by a prominent Egyptian novelist of being a Mubarak regime holdover.
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Alaa Abd El-Fatah
Alaa Abd El-Fattah (Arabic: علاء أحمد سيف عبد الفتاح, IPA: [ʕæˈlæːʔ ˈæħmæd ˈseːf ʕæbdelfatˈtæːħ]; also presented in English as Alaa Abdel Fattah) is an Egyptian blogger, software developer, and political activist. He is known for co-founding along with his wife Manal Hassan, daughter of activist Bahi El-Din Hassan, the Egyptian blog aggregator "Manalaa" and "Omraneya", the first Arab blog aggregators that did not restrict inclusion based on the content of the blog. In 2005 the "Manalaa" blog won the Special Reporters Without Borders Award in Deutsche Welle's Best of Blogs competition. He has been active in developing Arabic-language versions of important software and platforms.
El-Fattah grew up in a family of activists and activism was a constant topic of discussion in his childhood. His father, Ahmed Seif El-Islam Hamad, a human rights attorney who had been arrested in 1983 by State Security Investigations Service officers and tortured and imprisoned for five years, is one of the founders of the Hisham Mubarak Law Center. His mother Laila Soueif, sister of Ahdaf Soueif, is a professor of mathematics at Cairo University and a political activist. His parents' activism dates to the days of Anwar Sadat. During a demonstration in 2005 his mother, along with other women, were attacked by Mubarak supporters; El-Fattah was said to have protected her.
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Ali Abdullah Saleh
Ali Abdullah Saleh (Arabic: علي عبدالله صالح; born 21 March 1942) is a Yemeni politician who was President of Yemen from 1990 to 2012. Saleh previously served as President of the Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen) from 1978 until 1990; upon the unification of North Yemen and South Yemen in 1990, he became President of Yemen.
After more than 33 years in power, Saleh signed the Gulf Cooperation Council agreement in November 2011, paving the way for his vice president to become acting president until February 21, 2012; at that point the vice president would be elected to the presidency. On January 22, 2012, the Yemeni parliament passed a law that granted Saleh immunity from being prosecuted and he left Yemen for treatment in the United States. Saleh stepped down and formally ceded power to his deputy Abd Rabbuh Mansur Al-Hadi at the Presidential Palace on 27 February 2012.
Saleh was born in the town of Bait el-Ahmar, in the Al-Ahmar family of the small Sanhan tribe, a tribe whose territories lie some 20 kilometers southeast of the capital Sana'a (the Al-Ahmar family of Sanhan is often falsely confounded with the same-named ruling family of the Hashid tribal confederacy, a confederacy to which the Sanhan tribe belongs). Saleh is a Zaydi Shia Muslim. He is a "non-Hashimi" Zaydi (not a direct descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad's grandfather), and would not have been eligible to rule under the Zaydi Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen that ruled the country until 1962.
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Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar
Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar (Arabic: علي محسن الأحمر also called Ali Mohsen Saleh Arabic: علي محسن صالح) is the general of the Yemeni army. Born in Sanhan village, Sana'a - Yemen on 20 June 1945. He is rumored to be the half brother of the Yemeni President Ali Abdullah Saleh from a different father.[citation needed]. He serves as President Saleh's chief military adviser. He helped recruit Islamist radicals to fight in Afghanistan during the Soviet-Afghan War.
On March 21, 2011, he said he would protect the anti-government Yemeni protesters, along with other top Yemeni army commanders, in a move that was later condemned as mutinous by President Saleh.
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Asmaa Mahfouz
Asmaa Mahfouz (Arabic: أسماء محفوظ, pronounced [ʔæsˈmæːʔ mɑħˈfuːz, ˈʔæsmæ-], born 1 February 1985) is an Egyptian activist and one of the founders of the April 6 Youth Movement. She has been credited by journalist Mona Eltahawy and others with helping to spark mass uprising through her video blog posted one week before the start of the 2011 Egyptian revolution. She is a prominent member of Egypt's Coalition of the Youth of the Revolution and one of the leaders of the Egyptian revolution.
In 2011, she was one of five recipients of the "Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought" awarded for contributions to "historic changes in the Arab world." The other joint recipients were Ahmed al-Senussi, Razan Zaitouneh, Ali Farzat and Mohamed Bouazizi of the Arab Spring.
Arabian Business placed Mahfouz at #381 on its list of the World's 500 Most Influential Arabs.
Born in 1985 in Egypt, Asmaa graduated from Cairo University with a BA in Business Administration. She would later join several other young Egyptian in founding the April 6 Youth Movement. She currently works for a computer company.
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Bashar al-Assad
Bashar Hafez al-Assad (Arabic: بشار حافظ الأسد, Baššār al-ʾAsad, Arabic pronunciation: [bæʃˈʃɑːɾɪlˈʔæsæd]); born 11 September 1965) is the current President of Syria and Regional Secretary of the Syrian-led branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party. His father Hafez al-Assad ruled Syria for 29 years until his death in 2000.
Al-Assad graduated from the medical school of the University of Damascus in 1988, and started to work as a doctor in the army. Four years later, he attended postgraduate studies at the Western Eye Hospital, in London, specializing in ophthalmology. In 1994, Al-Assad entered the military academy and in 1998, Al-Assad took charge of the Syrian occupation of Lebanon. In December 2000, Assad married Asma Assad, née Akhras. Al-Assad was elected as President of Syria in 2000 and 2007, unopposed each time. During the Syrian uprising, activists and protesters have called for President al-Assad's resignation.
Bashar Hafez al-Assad was born in Damascus on 11 September 1965, the son of Aniseh (née Makhluf) and Hafez al-Assad. His father, Hafez al-Assad, born to a poor family of Alawite background, had risen through the Party ranks, to take control of the Syrian-led branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party in the 1970 Corrective Revolution, thus installing himself as president. Hafez al-Assad purged the Party, and introduced effective Alawite rule of Syria.
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Bothaina Kamel
Bothaina Kamel (Arabic: بثينة كامل) (born in Cairo, April 18, 1962) is an Egyptian television anchor, activist, and politician. A long time pro-democracy advocate, her professional career has been marked by repeated conflict with authorities. In June 2011 she announced her candidacy for the Egyptian presidency, although she did not receive enough signatures to make the ballot.
Kamel hosted a popular Egyptian radio program called "Nightime Confessions" from 1992 to 1998. She later worked as a new presenter for Egyptian state television, and hosted a show called "Please Understand Me" on the Saudi Arabian-owned Orbit satellite TV network. In each assignment, she eventually encountered official resistance: "Confessions" was cancelled after outcries by religious conservatives; she took a leave of absence from Egyptian state television rather than participate in propaganda surrounding the 2005 elections; and "Understand Me" was taken off the air by the Saudi producers when they became concerned that its coverage of the 2011 Egyptian revolution would implicate Saudi interests.
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Egyptian Tank Man
During the protests of Egyptian Revolution of 2011, an anonymous young Egyptian man became famous for his act of stopping the advance of an armored police vehicle, that was shooting water on the protestors in Al-Qasr Al-Aini Street in Cairo.
Video and pictures were taken showing him running to stop an armored police vehicle spraying water on the demonstrators, which he succeeded to stop its advance for few moments. The famous video of the situation, was taken by a journalist named Mostafa Fathi of Radio Horreyyetna (Our Freedom), in Egypt. He shot the video from the balcony of his office in the building overlooking Al-Qasr Al-Aini Street. It is worth mentioning that this street leads to the Tahrir Square. The pictures taken of the situation, and spread widely, was taken by a press photographer named Tarek Wajeh of Al Masry Al Youm newspaper, in Egypt. A picture of the Egyptian Tank Man was also featured in France 24's observer network.
The Western media compared him to the Chinese Tank Man during the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989.
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Egyptians
Egyptians (Egyptian Arabic: مَصريين IPA: [mɑsˤɾejˈjiːn]; Arabic: مِصريّون miṣriyūn) are the inhabitants and citizens of Egypt sharing a common culture and a dialect of Arabic.
Egyptian identity is closely tied to geography. The population of Egypt is concentrated in the lower Nile Valley, the small strip of cultivable land stretching from the First Cataract to the Mediterranean and enclosed by desert both to the east and to the west. This unique geography has been the basis of the development of Egyptian society since antiquity. If regarded as a single ethnic group, the Egyptian people constitute one of the world's largest.
The daily language of the Egyptians is the local variety of Arabic, known as Egyptian Arabic or Masri, Also a sizable minority of Egyptian speak Sa'idi Arabic in Upper Egypt. Egyptians are predominantly adherents of Sunni Islam with a Shia minority and a significant proportion who follow native Sufi orders. A sizable minority of Egyptians belong to the Coptic Orthodox Church, whose liturgical language, Coptic, is the last stage of the indigenous Egyptian language.
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Essam Sharaf
Essam Abdel-Aziz Sharaf (Arabic: عصام عبد العزيز شرف, IPA: [ʕeˈsˤɑːm ʕæbdelʕæˈziːz ʃɑɾˤɑf]; born 1952) is an Egyptian academic who was the Prime Minister of Egypt from 3 March 2011 to 7 December 2011. He served as Minister of Transportation from 2004 to 2005.
Sharaf was born in the Egyptian city of Giza in 1952. After receiving his B.Sc. in civil engineering from Cairo University in 1975, he went to Purdue University where he continued his studies, receiving his M.Sc. Engg in 1980 and his Ph.D. in 1984.
Sharaf took a post as a visiting assistant professor at Purdue in 1984 before becoming assistant professor of Highway and Traffic Engineering at the University of Cairo the following year. In 1990, he was an assistant professor in Civil Engineering at King Saud University in Saudi Arabia. He returned to the University of Cairo in 1991, becoming a professor of Highway Engineering in 1996 while working as senior advisor for the Transportation & Aviation department in Zuhair Fayez Partnership (ZFP) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Sharaf was the senior adviser to the Egyptian Minister of Transport in 1999 and the Senior Technical Adviser to the municipality of Al Ain in the UAE in 2003.
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Gamal Mubarak
Gamal Al Din Mohammed Hosni Ei Sayed Mubarak (Arabic: جمال الدين محمد حسنى سيد مبارك, IPA: [ɡæˈmæːl edˈdiːn mæˈħæmmæd ˈħosni ˈsæjjed moˈbɑːɾˤɑk]), (born on December 27, 1963), is the younger of the two sons of ousted Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak and former First Lady Suzanne Mubarak. In contrast to his older brother Alaa, Gamal had pursued an active public profile and was starting to wield some influence on political life in the country before the revolution of early 2011.
Prior to the revolution, Gamal was the deputy secretary-general of the then-ruling and now-dissolved National Democratic Party, and head of its influential policies committee.
For his early education, he attended St. George's College, Cairo before entering the American University in Cairo. He graduated with a Business Degree from the university and he claims he also earned an MBA from the school.[citation needed] He began his professional life working for Bank of America. He worked primarily in the field of investment banking.
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Gigi Ibrahim
Gihan Ibrahim (Egyptian Arabic: چيهان إبراهيم, IPA: [ʒiˈhæːn ebɾˤɑˈhiːm]), nicknamed Gigi (چيچى, [ˈʒiːʒi], b. 1988), is an Egyptian journalist, blogger and socialist activist. She has been credited as being a part of a new generation of "citizen journalists" who document news events using social media. For this she was featured on a cover of Time magazine as "one of the leaders" of Tahrir Square during the Egyptian Revolution in 2011. Ibrahim however states, that while the internet was important for coordinating people in the ousting of President Hosni Mubarak, "it was the battles on the streets that were crucial ... [i]t was their power that made the revolution."
She is a graduate from the American University in Cairo where she earned a political science degree. Prior to university, Gigi has had no direct links to the workers protests and opposition movements that had previously been occurring in Egypt. It was a lecture on "Social Mobilization under Authoritarian Regimes", where her future husband Hossam el-Hamalawy was a guest speaker, that provided her with insight about activism in Egypt. The contact with el-Hamalawy, a member of the Revolutionary Socialists, led her to decide to join the movement.
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Habib el-Adly
Habib Ibrahim el-Adly (Arabic: حبيب إبراهيم العادلي) (born March 1, 1938) is a former Egyptian politician. He served as an Interior Minister of Egypt from 1997 to 2011.
El-Adly graduated from the police academy in 1961. In 1965 he joined the State Security Investigations Service. After working at various investigation departments, he was employed at the Foreign Ministry from 1982 to 1984. He then investigated state security matters, and became assistant interior minister in 1993. He replaced General Hassan al-Alfi as interior minister after the November 1997 Luxor massacre. He was replaced by Mahmoud Wagdy on January 31, 2011, as part of a cabinet reshuffle aimed at appeasing the mass protests during 2011 Egyptian revolution.
During the uprising, the Egyptian Attorney General announced el-Adly had been given a travel ban. Following Hosni Mubarak's resignation, el-Adly and two other former ministers were arrested on corruption charges. He is reported to be facing charges of fraud, money laundering and for ordering that security forces fire on demonstrators during the early days of the protests. If convicted, el-Adly could face the death penalty. Additionally, el-Adly's assets were ordered frozen by a court order. El-Adly is estimated to have amassed a fortune of 1.2 billion US dollars. He pleaded not guilty to corruption charges on 5 March 2011, answering questions by the judge on whether he had illegally profited from his government position or laundered money by saying "that did not happen." On 5 May, 2011, el-Adly was found guilty of fraud and money laundering and was sentenced to 12 years in prison. He still faces a trial and a possible death penalty for ordering police to use live ammunition on protesters.
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Hasan Mushaima
Hasan Mushaima (Arabic: حسن مشيمع) is an opposition leader in Bahrain and the secretary-general of the Haq Movement, an important opposition party in Bahrain. He is campaigning for more democratic rights in Bahrain. Before forming Haq, he was a founding member of Al Wefaq and a leading figure in the 1994 uprising in Bahrain.
The Bahraini government has placed Mushaima under arrest several times, twice arresting him during the 1994 uprising. He was later jailed from March 1995 to September 1995 and again from January 1996 till February 2001. Mushaima was re-arrested in February 2007 and jailed for one day, and then was arrested and imprisoned again from January 2009 to April 2009.
In 2010 Mushaima traveled to Great Britain to be treated for lung cancer.
Mushaima announced plans to return to Bahrain during the protests in February 2011, but authorities detained him in Lebanon while en route, possibly at the request of the Bahraini government. Mushaima finally did return to Bahrain on Saturday, February 26, 2011. On that day, he was described by the Associated Press as being "welcomed like a rock star," by protestors in Pearl Square. On 7th March, 2011, Mushaima alongside with Abdulwahab Hussain, the leader of Wafa movement and Saeed Alshehabi the leader of the Bahrain Freedom Movement, formed the " Alliance for the Republic " (Arabic:التحالف من أجل الجمهورية), because of their belief that the Bahraini regime lost legitimacy after the harsh crackdown on protesters using heavy weapons. One months after protests, the Gulf Cooperation Council sent 1,500+ PSF troops (1,000 Saudi, some Qatari troops and 500 Emirati policemen) to crush the popular uprising there and also sent the Kuwaiti Navy to stop any aid to the protesters by sea. After the protesters were kicked from the Pearl Roundabout, many known rights activists operating in Bahrain were arrested, including Mushaima.
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Hassan al-Turabi
Hassan 'Abd Allah al-Turabi (born c.1932 in Kassala), is a religious and Islamist political leader in Sudan, who may have been instrumental in institutionalizing sharia in the northern part of the country. He has been called a "longtime hard-line ideological leader.".
Al-Turabi was leader of the National Islamic Front, a political movement with considerable political power in Sudan but little popularity among voters. In 1979 he became Minister of Justice. In June 1989, a coup d'état by allies, the "National Salvation Revolution", brought him and the National Islamic Front to power.
In March 1996, al-Turabi was elected to a seat in the National Assembly where he served as speaker of the National Assembly "during the 1990s." This period coincided with a decline in the influence of al-Turabi and his party's "internationalist and ideological wing" in favor of more pragmatic leaders, brought on by the imposition of UN sanctions on Sudan in punishment for Sudan's assistance to Egyptian terrorists in their attempt to assassinate Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak.
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Hosni Mubarak
Muhammad Hosni El Sayed Mubarak (Arabic: محمد حسني السيد مبارك, Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [mæˈħæmːæd ˈħosni ˈsæjjed moˈbɑːɾˤɑk], Muḥammad Ḥusnī Sayyid Mubārak; born 4 May 1928) is a former Egyptian politician and military commander. He served as the fourth President of Egypt from 1981 to 2011.
Mubarak was appointed Vice President of Egypt in 1975, and assumed the presidency on 14 October 1981, following the assassination of President Anwar El Sadat. His almost thirty-year presidency made him Egypt's longest-serving ruler since Muhammad Ali Pasha. Before he entered politics, Mubarak was a career officer in the Egyptian Air Force, serving as its commander from 1972 to 1975 and rising to the rank of air chief marshal.
Mubarak was ousted after 18 days of demonstrations during the 2011 Egyptian revolution when, on 11 February, Vice President Omar Suleiman announced that Mubarak had resigned as president and transferred authority to the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces. On 13 April, a prosecutor[which?] ordered Mubarak and both his sons to be detained for 15 days of questioning about allegations of corruption and abuse of power. He was then ordered to stand trial on charges of premeditated murder of peaceful protestors during the revolution. These trials officially began on 3 August 2011. Egypt’s military prosecutors then also proclaimed that they are investigating Mubarak's role in the assassination of his predecessor Anwar Sadat.
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Hossam el-Hamalawy
Hossam el-Hamalawy (Arabic: حسام الحملاوى, IPA: [ħoˈsæːm elħæmæˈlæːwi]; AKA 3arabawy عرباوى, [ʕɑɾˤɑˈbɑːwi]; born 14 July 1977) is an Egyptian journalist, blogger, photographer and socialist activist. He is a member of the Revolutionary Socialists and the Center for Socialist Studies.
Hossam married colleague Gigi Ibrahim in 2012. They first met during a lecture on "Social Mobilization under Authoritarian Regimes", where Hossam el-Hamalawy was a guest speaker.
El-Hamalawy started working as a journalist in 2002 for the English language Cairo Times, where he covered protests, trials of dissidents and police torture news. He later joined the Los Angeles Times as a correspondent in Cairo. El-Hamalawy also freelanced for a broad array of local and foreign news organizations, including Bloomberg News and the BBC, and worked as a researcher for Human Rights Watch (HRW). He also worked as a managing editor for the leftist daily El-Badeel and was the founding managing editor of Al-Masry Al-Youm’s English Edition as well as being one of founding editorial team of Ahram Online.
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Israa Abdel Fattah
Esraa Abdel Fatah (Arabic: إسراء عبد الفتاح, IPA: [ʔesˈɾˤɑːʔ ʕæbdelfætˈtæːħ, ˈʔesɾˤɑ-]; also called Facebook Girl; born 1978) is an Egyptian internet activist and blogger.
Esraa worked as a human resources administrator, when she co-founded April 6 Youth Movement Egypt in 2008, a Facebook group that was made to support the workers in El-Mahalla El-Kubra, an industrial town, who were planning to strike on April 6. This group gradually became a popular political movement.
She was arrested by Egyptian security in 2008. The detained Facebook Girl drew the attention of few Egyptian newspapers challenging by this the state's censorship policy, turning her into an overnight symbol for resistance and resilience against corruption and injustice.
After two weeks in prison she was released. She made a brief public statement renouncing political activism for good.
Esraa Abdel Fattah reappeared again during the January 2011 nationwide protests in Egypt, that called for the end of Hosni Mubarak's regime. She was active on the internet, and also on the ground, updating Al Jazeera TV with the latest news related to the opposition.
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Kamal el-Fayoumi
Kamal el-Fayoumi (Arabic: كمال الفيومي, IPA: [kæˈmæːl elfæjˈjuːmi]) is an Egyptian socialist and workers' rights activist. He is a member of the Workers Democratic Party. He is possibly[vague] best known for his role as one of the leaders of the Egyptian general strike in 2008, when three strike leaders were arrested following anti-Mubarak regime riots. The three were later released from detention and given back their jobs, which was seen as a key victory for the El-Mahalla El-Kubra textile workers. Socialist and blogger Hossam el-Hamalawy called el-Fayoumi a "working class hero". El-Fayoumi also participated in the Egyptian revolution in 2011 as one of the leaders of workers who went on strike. After Mubarak's departure as President, el-Fayoumi declared: "All of us, as workers, said that the revolution began on February 11 when Mubarak left. When the head of the old regime stepped down, it was just the start of the revolution."
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Kamal Ganzouri
Kamal Ganzouri (Arabic: كمال الجنزورى, IPA: [kæˈmæːl elɡænˈzuːɾi]) (born 12 January 1933) is an Egyptian economist who has been Prime Minister of Egypt since 7 December 2011. He previously served as Prime Minister from 1996 to 1999. He came to power in 1996 succeeding Atef Sedki, and was in turn succeeded by Atef Ebeid in 1999. He was branded Minister of the Poor and the Opposition Minister because of his way of dealing with limited income people and the opposition. Before becoming Prime Minister, Ganzouri served as Minister of Planning and International Cooperation. On 24 November 2011, Egypt's military rulers appointed him as Prime Minister. He was sworn in and took office on 7 December 2011.
Kamal Ganzouri was born on 12 January 1933 in Garwan, a town in Bagor city in Monofia. He obtained a PhD at University of Michigan, United States and began teaching at Egyptian universities and training institutes in 1959.
He had served as a board member of the Sadat Academy for Administrative Sciences from 1962 to 1967 and became economic adviser to the Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa in 1968. He was an adviser to the President Anwar Sadat. He was also a member of the National Specialized Councils of production, education and services. In 1974, he became undersecretary Of Planning Minister and kept this until 1975. He was appointed as Governor of the New Valley State in 1976 and then became Governor of the Bani Suef State in 1977 but resigned after just six months.
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Kamal Khalil
Kamal Khalil (Arabic: كمال خليل, IPA: [kæˈmæːl xæˈliːl]) is an Egyptian engineer and labour activist. He is a leading member of the Revolutionary Socialists, a representative of the Workers Democratic Party and the founder and director of the Center for Socialist Studies in Cairo. He is a critic of the social democrats, youth parties and the Muslim Brotherhood in the post-Mubarak Egypt. He advocates more workers' unity, particularly in regions such as El-Mahalla El-Kubra, which has in the past been a center of industrial struggle by textile workers. Khalil has said Egypt's workers must create independent trade unions and a political party to represent them: "No party will represent the workers other than the workers' party itself." Prior to the Egyptian Revolution in 2011, Khalil had been arrested many times. In 2003 he was arrested by the State Security Investigations Service (SSI) and placed in solitary confinement for his role in the anti-war movement, causing the Stop the War Coalition in Britain to demonstrate outside the Egyptian Embassy in London.
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Khaled al-Johani
Khaled al-Johani (also al-Jehani, Arabic: خالد الجهني, born 1969/1970 (age 42–43)) is a teacher of religious instruction in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. He was imprisoned, without charges or trial for nearly one year, at `Ulaysha Prison for having publicly asked for freedoms and democracy in Saudi Arabia – an absolute monarchy – during the 2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests. His public statement was made to a BBC Arabic Television team on a street in Riyadh in the presence of security forces. On 22 February 2012 he was charged in a court for al-Qaeda suspects and a trial date set for April 2012. Al-Johani is an Amnesty International prisoner of conscience as of February 2012[update].
After the Arab Spring revolutions in Tunisia and Egypt in early 2011, some protests took place in Saudi Arabia. A "Day of Rage" was proposed for Saudi Arabia for 11 March 2011. On that day, hundreds of people protested in Qatif, al-Awamiyah and Hofuf, but in Riyadh, the police presence was "overwhelming" by early in the morning, with large numbers of police cars present and helicopters that "crisscrossed the skies all day".
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Libyan civil war
The Libyan civil war (also referred to as the Libyan revolution), was an armed conflict in the North African state of Libya, fought between forces loyal to Colonel Muammar Gaddafi and those seeking to oust his government. The war was preceded by protests in Benghazi beginning on Tuesday, 15 February 2011, which led to clashes with security forces that fired on the crowd. The protests escalated into a rebellion that spread across the country, with the forces opposing Gaddafi establishing an interim governing body, the National Transitional Council.
The United Nations Security Council passed an initial resolution on 26 February, freezing the assets of Gaddafi and his inner circle and restricting their travel, and referred the matter to the International Criminal Court for investigation. In early March, Gaddafi's forces rallied, pushed eastwards and re-took several coastal cities before attacking Benghazi. A further U.N. resolution authorised member states to establish and enforce a no-fly zone over Libya, and to use "all necessary measures" to prevent attacks on civilians. The Gaddafi government then announced a ceasefire, but failed to uphold it, though it then accused rebels of violating the ceasefire when they continued to fight as well. Throughout the conflict, rebels rejected government offers of a ceasefire and efforts by the African Union to end the fighting because the plans set forth did not include the removal of Gaddafi.
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Mahmoud Jibril
Mahmoud Jibril el-Warfally (Arabic: محمود جبريل الورفلي), also transcribed Jabril or Jebril or Gebril, (born 28 May 1952) is a Libyan politician who served as the interim Prime Minister of Libya for seven and a half months during the Libyan civil war, chairing the executive board of the National Transitional Council from 5 March to 23 October 2011. He also served as the Head of International Affairs.
Toward the end of the conflict, Jibril was increasingly referred to by foreign governments and in media as the interim prime minister of Libya rather than as the chairman of the executive board, the title used to describe him on the NTC's website, but it was unclear whether this was an official title or simply referred to his position as the provisional council's head of government. Jibril's government was recognized as the "sole legitimate representative" of Libya by the majority of UN states including France, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States, Iran and Qatar.
Jibril graduated in Economics and Political Science from Cairo University in 1975, then earned a master's degree in political science in 1980 and a doctorate in political science in 1985, both from the University of Pittsburgh. He taught strategic planning at Pittsburgh for several years.
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Manal al-Sharif
Manal al-Sharif is a women's rights activist from Saudi Arabia who helped start a women's right to drive campaign in 2011. A women's rights activist who had previously filmed herself driving, Wajeha al-Huwaider, filmed al-Sharif driving a car as part of the campaign. The video was posted on YouTube and Facebook. Al-Sharif was detained and released on 21 May and rearrested the following day. On 30 May, al-Sharif was released on bail, on the conditions of returning for questioning if requested, not driving and not talking to the media.The New York Times and Associated Press associated the women's driving campaign with the wider pattern of Arab world protests and the long duration of al-Sharif's detention with Saudi authorities' fear of protests.
Manal al-Sharif graduated from King Abdulaziz University with a Bachelor of Science in computing and a Cisco Career Certification. Until May 2012, she worked as an Internet Security Consultant for Saudi Aramco, the Saudi national oil company.
Al-Sharif has said that she sympathized with Islamic radicals as a girl, but her views shifted when she connected to the Internet in 2000, and when she saw television footage of the September 11 attacks: "When al-Qaida took responsibility for the attacks, I realized my heroes were nothing but bloody terrorists."
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Marouf al-Bakhit
Dr. Marouf Suleiman al-Bakhit (Arabic: معروف البخيت, born 1947) is a Jordanian politician and two-time Prime Minister. He first served as Prime Minister from 27 November 2005 until 25 November 2007 and then again from 9 February 2011 to 17 October 2011. Bakhit also held the position of Jordanian ambassador to Israel and the national security chief. Appointed as Prime Minister by King Abdullah II less than three weeks after the 2005 Amman bombings, Bakhit's main priorities were to maintain security and stability in Jordan. He was reappointed as Prime Minister by the King on 1 February 2011, following weeks of protests.
He resigned from his post on 17 October 2011, and was succeeded by Awn Shawkat Al-Khasawneh on 24 October.
Bakhit graduated with a Bachelor's degree in General Management and Political Science from University of Jordan. He also earned a Master's degree in Management from the University of Southern California, and a PhD in War Studies from King's College London in 1990.
Marouf al-Bakhit comes from Jordan's Al-Abbadi Tribe. He joined the Jordanian Armed Forces in 1964, and graduated from the Royal Military College in 1966 as Second Lieutenant. He retired from the Armed Forces in 1999 as Major General.
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Mohab Mamish
Vice Admiral Mohab Mamish (Arabic: مهاب مميش) (born 1948) is the Commander in Chief of the Egyptian Navy.
Mohab Mamish was born on August 6th, 1948. He graduated from the Egyptian Naval Academy in 1971. He received a fellowship from the Nasser Military Academy. He has received additional military training in the United Kingdom (1980), the United States of America (1983, 1992, 1995, 1998, 2004), the United Arab Emirates (1987-1989), China (1992), Greece (1999), and France (2002).
He has received many medals, including the medal of long and Meritorious Service, of Longevity, of Duty, of the 6th of October, of the Egyptian Navy, of the 20th Anniversary of the July Revolution, of the 25th of April, of October Warriors, of Superior Service, 23rd of July 50th Anniversary, and the Silver Jubilee of Saini Liberation.
He is married, with two daughters.
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Mohamed Bouazizi
Mohamed Bouazizi (29 March 1984 – 4 January 2011; Arabic: محمد البوعزيزي) was a Tunisian street vendor who set himself on fire on 17 December 2010, in protest of the confiscation of his wares and the harassment and humiliation that he reported was inflicted on him by a municipal official and her aides. His act became a catalyst for the Tunisian Revolution and the wider Arab Spring, inciting demonstrations and riots throughout Tunisia in protest of social and political issues in the country. The public's anger and violence intensified following Bouazizi's death, leading then-President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali to step down on 14 January 2011, after 23 years in power.
The success of the Tunisian protests inspired protests in several other Arab countries, plus several non-Arab countries. The protests included several men who emulated Bouazizi's act of self-immolation, in an attempt to bring an end to their own autocratic governments. Those men and Bouazizi were hailed by some Arab commentators as "heroic martyrs of a new Middle Eastern revolution."
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Mohammed Nabbous
Mohamed "Mo" Nabbous (محمد نبوس ; 27 February 1983 – 19 March 2011) was a Libyan information technologist, blogger, businessperson and civilian journalist who created and founded Libya Al Hurra TV.
In the wake of the 2011 Libyan civil war, Nabbous founded Libya Alhurra TV, the first independent broadcast news organization since Gaddafi took power in Libya. Libya AlHurra TV was established in Benghazi, Libya on 19 February 2011 and started broadcasting online when Nabbous established a two-way satellite connection in the wake of a complete Internet blackout imposed by the Gaddafi regime subsequent to the 17 February protests.
Nabbous was shot by a Pro-Gaddafi sniper and killed on 19 March 2011 while reporting on attempts by government forces to fight revolutionaries and attack civilians in Benghazi. In the hours following the death of Nabbous, UN Coalition planes entered Libyan airspace to enforce a No-Fly Zone approved by the UN Security Council along with a Resolution authorizing "all necessary measures" to protect civilians against Gaddafi forces. In the last weeks of his life, Nabbous focused on bringing international attention to the humanitarian crisis unfolding in Libya. His death was widely reported by CNN and various media outlets. Prior to the establishment of Libya Al Hurra TV, Nabbous operated a number of businesses in Benghazi City.
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Mona Seif
Mona Seif (Arabic: منى سيف, IPA: [ˈmonæ ˈseːf]) is a female Egyptian activist, known for her use of social media, her role in the 2011 Egyptian revolution, and her continued push against military trials for civilian protesters.
Seif grew up in a family of activists, and activism was a constant topic of discussion in Mona's childhood. Her father, Ahmad Seif, is a human rights attorney who was imprisoned five years. During his detention, he was tortured. Her mother, Laila Soueif, is also an activist and a mathematics professor. She helped organize demonstrations against the Mubarak regime over the decades before his downfall. Her mother is "known on the streets as brash and courageous, and has on numerous occasions faced down baton-wielding policemen with nothing but her scolding, scathing, booming voice and steely eyes". Mona's brother Alaa co-created the Egyptian blog aggregator Manalaa and in 2005 began to document abuses by the Mubarak regime. Alaa was arrested at a demonstration in 2006 and imprisoned for 45 days, during which Mona and jis wife Manal helped organize an online campaign to free him. Mona's younger sister, Sanaa, is also involved in organizing protests.
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Muammar Gaddafi
Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi (Arabic: معمر محمد أبو منيار القذافي) (June 1942 – 20 October 2011), commonly known as Muammar Gaddafi /ˈmoʊ.əmɑr ɡəˈdɑːfi/ (Arabic: مُعَمَّر القَذَّافِي Muʿammar al-Qaḏḏāfī audio (help·info)) or Colonel Gaddafi, was the official ruler of the Libyan Arab Republic from 1969 to 1977 and then the "Brother Leader" of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya from 1977 to 2011. Gaddafi seized power in a bloodless military coup in 1969 and served as the country's head of state until 1977, when he stepped down from his official executive role as Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council of Libya, and claimed subsequently to be merely a symbolic figurehead. He styled himself as "Leader of the Revolution"; in 2008 a meeting of traditional African rulers bestowed on him the title "King of Kings". A leading advocate for a United States of Africa, he served as Chairperson of the African Union (AU) from 2 February 2009 to 31 January 2010.
Gaddafi replaced the Libyan Constitution of 1951 with laws based on the political ideology he had formulated, which he called the Third International Theory and published in The Green Book. After establishing the Jamahiriya (جماهيرية, "state of the masses") system in 1977, he officially stepped down from power and after that time held a largely symbolic role within the country's official governance structure. Rising oil prices and extraction in Libya led to increasing revenues. By exporting as much oil per capita as Saudi Arabia and through various welfare programs, Libya achieved the highest living standards in Africa; Libya remained debt-free.
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Mustafa Abdul Jalil
Mustafa Abdul Jalil or Abdul-Jalil (Arabic: مصطفى عبد الجليل, also transcribed Abdul-Jelil, Abd-al-Jalil,Abdel-Jalil, Abdeljalil or Abdu Al Jeleil) (born 1952) is the Chairman of the National Transitional Council of Libya, and as such serves as head of state in Libya's caretaker government which was formed as a result of the 2011 Libyan civil war. He is also a spokesman for the city of Bayda.
From 2007 to 2011, Abdul Jalil was Minister of Justice (officially, the Secretary of the General People's Committee of Justice) under Colonel Muammar Gaddafi. He has been noted in some news media for his stance against various human rights violations in Libya, although others express a different view and accuse him, for example, of intransigence during the appeal by the Bulgarian nurses (that sentence was later converted to life imprisonment and the nurses were eventually released). During the civil war, Abdul Jalil was identified as the Chairman of the National Transitional Council based in Benghazi, although this position was contested by others in the uprising due to his past direct participation in Gaddafi's government as Minister of Justice for four years until 2011.}
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Nawara Negm
Nawara Negm (نوارة نجم, IPA: [nɑwˈwɑːɾˤɑ ˈneɡm]) (born in Cairo in 1973) is an Egyptian journalist, blogger and human rights activist based in Cairo, Egypt. Daughter of the leftist poet Ahmed Fouad Negm and Islamist thinker and journalist Safinaz Kazem, she obtained her BA in English Language from the Faculty of Arts, Ain Shams University and has since worked for the Egyptian Nile Television Network (NTN) as a translator and news editor.
In 2009 she published her first book, Esh A'rrih ('A Nest on the Wind'; Egyptian Arabic: عش عالريح, IPA: [ʕeʃ.ʃe ʕæɾˈɾiːħ, ʕælˈ-]), a collection of articles, and in the same year she co-authored a book written exclusively by women writers under the title of Ana Ontha (I'm Female; Arabic: أنا أنثى).
Since her first year in university, from 1992 to 1993, Negm apprenticed as a journalist for Al-Sahabab, a monthly magazine issued by Al-Ahram Publishing House, then she moved to the English-language Al-Ahram Weekly, issued also by Al-Ahram. She worked as an apprentice for Nesf Al-Donia, a weekly women's magazine also printed by Al-Ahram. Sanaa Al-Bissy, the then editor-in-chief of the magazine decided to hire her but Ibrahim Nafie, ex-CEO of Al-Ahram, refused, saying that "she will be tenured when she ceases to be the daughter of Safinaz Kazem and Ahmed Fouad Negm".
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Omar Suleiman
Omar Suleiman (Arabic: عمر سليمان, Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [ˈʕomɑɾˤ seleˈmæːn]; born 2 July 1936) is a former Egyptian army general, politician, diplomat, and intelligence officer. A leading figure in Egypt's intelligence system beginning in 1986, Suleiman was appointed to the long-vacant Vice Presidency by then-President Hosni Mubarak on 29 January 2011. On 11 February 2011, Suleiman announced Mubarak's resignation and ceased being Vice President; governing power was transferred to the Armed Forces Supreme Council, of which Suleiman is not a member. A new head of intelligence services was appointed by the ruling Supreme Council. Suleiman withdrew from the political scene and did not appear in public after announcing Mubarak's resignation.
Millions of Egyptian citizens involved in the Egyptian Revolution of 2011 opposed Suleiman or Mubarak remaining in power without elections taking place. Human rights groups tied Suleiman’s career to a regime marked by widespread human rights abuses, and asserted that many Egyptians "see Suleiman as Mubarak II." Torture victims and human rights groups charged that Suleiman oversaw the systematic use of torture on detainees and that in at least one instance he personally tortured a detainee during his career in intelligence. In response to the 2011 protests, Suleiman blamed foreign influence and appealed to protestors to go home.
wn.com/Omar_Suleiman -
Sadiq al-Ahmar
Sheikh Sadiq bin Abdullah bin Hussein bin Nasser al-Ahmar (born 6 October 1956 in al-Khamri, 'Amran Governorate, Yemen) is a Yemeni politician and the leader of the Hashid tribal federation and the Al-Islah tribal confederacy. He succeeded his father Abdullah ibn Husayn al-Ahmar in these positions after Abdullah's death in 2007. He is best known for his role in the 2011 Yemeni uprising, in which fighters under his command attacked and seized government facilities in the Battle of Sana'a.
Sadiq al-Ahmar was born on 6 October 1956 in the village of al-Khamri, located in the 'Amran Governorate of Yemen. His family moved to Sana'a after the establishment of North Yemen. He studied at the undergraduate level in Egypt until his father's relationship with the Egyptian government deteriorated, forcing Sadiq to move back to Yemen to complete his studies. Sadiq continued his studies in the United States beginning in 1982 after graduating in Yemen. He returned to Yemen shortly after earning his small aircraft pilot's licence in 1987.
wn.com/Sadiq_al-Ahmar -
Safwat El-Sherif
Mohamed Safwat El-Sherif (Arabic: محمد صفوت الشريف) is a former Egyptian politician and the former speaker of the Egyptian Shura Council.. His last position was the Secretary-General of the NDP until 5 February 2011, when he resigned along with other senior party members as a reaction to the 2011 Egyptian Revolution. He was followed by Hossam Badrawi in an apparent effort to recast the party in a reformist light. Sharif holds a B.A. degree in Military Science as well as other degrees and studies. He served in the government as Minister of Information.
wn.com/Safwat_El-Sherif -
Sameh Naguib
Sameh Naguib (Arabic: سامح نجيب, IPA: [ˈsæːmeħ næˈɡiːb]) is an Egyptian sociologist at the American University in Cairo, a socialist activist and a leading member of the Trotskyist organization the Revolutionary Socialists. In 2006 he described Hezbollah's defeat of the Israeli Defense Force in the Lebanon War as "a very important victory for the anti-war movement worldwide", claiming it prevented or delayed US and Israeli plans to attack Iran and Syria. Naguib has also criticized others on the far-left of not differentiating between Islamic organizations such as al-Qaeda - whom he labels a network of "individual terrorists", Hamas and Hezbollah - "national liberation movements", and the Muslim Brotherhood - "reformist mass movements". In 2007, Naguib was a speaker at the fifth Cairo Anti-war Conference, which he used as a platform to condemn former President Hosni Mubarak and pointed to Egypt's striking workers as a way forward for the movement:
wn.com/Sameh_Naguib -
Sami Hafez Anan
General Sami Hafez Anan or Enan (Arabic: سامى حافظ عنان, IPA: [ˈsæːmi ˈħɑːfezˤ ʕæˈnæːn, -ʕeˈnæːn]; born 1948) is the Chief of Staff of the Egyptian Armed Forces. From 1990 to 1992 he was the Egyptian Defence Attaché to Morocco. More recently he served as the Commander of the Egyptian Air Defence Forces from 2001 to 2005. He serves as Deputy Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces.
When the 2011 Egyptian Revolution began in January 2011, Anan was in Washington "for a week of meetings with senior American officers". Cutting his visit short, he returned to Egypt on 28 January. As the commander of an army of 468,000 troops, he was considered likely to play a crucial role in the political uncertainty surrounding the protests. On 1 February 2011, the UK's Channel 4 News reported that the United States was pressing for Anan to play a role in coordinating interim arrangements for government in Egypt after Hosni Mubarak.
As the protests built momentum into their second week, there was considerable speculation whether Enan, on one hand, was "'too close to Mubarak to stay,' [per ...] Gawdat Bahgat, a professor at National Defense University in Washington who has worked extensively with Egyptian officers attending the school," or, on the other, "a trusted partner. Retired Army Lt. Gen. R. Steven Whitcomb, who oversaw joint exercises with the Egyptian military while stationed in the Middle East, invited Enan and his wife to his home at Fort McPherson in Atlanta for a private dinner in 2007. According to Whitcomb, Enan complained about the effect that budget cuts were having on the military as the Mubarak administration dealt with political and economic problems."
wn.com/Sami_Hafez_Anan -
Samir Rifai
Samir Zaid al-Rifai (Arabic: سمير زيد الرفاعي) (born July 1, 1966) is a Jordanian politician of Palestinian descent, who was Prime Minister of Jordan from 14 December 2009 to 1 February 2011. He was replaced by Marouf al-Bakhit by the king Abdullah II, following weeks of protests in the country. He is the son of former Prime Minister Zaid al-Rifai and grandson of Samir al-Rifai.
Rifai was born in to a prominent Palestinian family hailing from Safed in Northern Palestine. He took admission in Harvard University in 1984 and received his bachelor's degree in Middle East Studies in 1988, Samir Rifai began his career working in the Royal Court in 1988, He obtained his master's degree in International Relations from Cambridge University in 1989. In 1999 he was appointed Secretary General of the Royal Hashemite Court where he oversaw the implementation of an integrated program for restructuring the administrative and financial affairs office, also took over the Information Office and the Public Relations Department of King Abdullah II. In 2003, he was appointed Minister of the Hashemite Royal Court to represent the fundamental link between the King and the Government. In April 2005, Rifai was appointed adviser to the King, and continued in that position until the end of 2005.
wn.com/Samir_Rifai -
Tarek El-Bishry
Tarek El-Bishry (Arabic: طارق عبد الفتاح سليم البشرى, IPA: [ˈtˤɑːɾˤeʔ ʕæbdelfætˈtæːħ seˈliːm elˈbeʃɾi]; born November 1, 1933) is an Egyptian thinker and Judge, considered one of Egypt's top legal minds. On February 15, 2011 El-Bishry was appointed by the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces to head the committee set up to propose constitutional changes in the aftermath of the Egyptian Revolution of 2011.
He was born in Cairo. His grandfather, Salim al-Bishri, was shaykh of al-Azhar from 1900–1904 and 1909-1916. His father, 'Abd al-Fattah al-Bishri, was president of the Egyptian Court of Appeal until his death in 1951. His uncle, 'Abd al-'Aziz, was a celebrated writer. He has two sons, 'Imad and Ziyad.
Tariq al-Bishri graduated from the Faculty of Law at Cairo University in 1953. Upon graduation, he was appointed after the Council of State, where he worked until his retirement in 1998. At the time of his retirement, he held the offices of first deputy (Al-na'ib al-awwal) to the Council of State and Chairman of its General Assembly for Legislation and Consultation (Al-jama'iya al-'umumiya lil-fatawa wal-tashri').
wn.com/Tarek_El-Bishry -
Tawakel Karman
-- | name = Tawakkul Karman | image = Tawakkol Karman.jpg | native_name = توكل كرمان | native_name_lang = Arabic | image_size = | alt = Tawakul Karman | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = (1979-02-07) 7 February 1979 (age 33) | birth_place = Taiz, Yemen | death_date = | death_place = | resting_place = | nationality = Yemeni | party = Al-Islah | movement = Jasmine Revolution | influences = Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr, Nelson Mandela | religion = Sunni Islam | spouse = Mohammed al-Nahmi | children = Three | parents = Abdel Salam Karman | occupation = Journalist, politician and human rights activist | awards = 2011 Nobel Peace Prize }}
Tawakul Karman (Arabic: توكل كرمان Tawak[k]ul Karmān) (Anglicised: Tawakul,Tawakkol,Tawakkul or Tawakel Abdel-Salam Karman) (born 7 February 1979) became the international public face of the 2011 Yemeni uprising that is part of the Arab Spring uprisings. She has been called by Yemenis the "Iron Woman" and "Mother of the Revolution." She is a co-recipient of the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize, becoming the first Yemeni, the first Arab woman, and the second Muslim woman to win a Nobel Prize and the youngest Nobel Peace Laureate to date.
wn.com/Tawakel_Karman -
Wael Abbas
Wael Abbas (Arabic: وائل عباس, IPA: [ˈwæːʔel ʕæbˈbæːs]) (born on November 14, 1974 in Egypt) is an internationally renowned Egyptian journalist, blogger, and human rights activist, who blogs at Misr Digital (Egyptian Awareness). He reported an incident of mob harassment of women, and broadcast several videos of police brutality. His actions led to the conviction of police for torture, but he has been harassed by the Egyptian government, and his accounts with YouTube and Yahoo were closed. YouTube has since restored his account and most of his videos. Facebook had deleted Wael's account but it has since been restored.
In September 2007, his YouTube account was shut down. All the videos he had sent to YouTube were no longer available. They included videos of police brutality, voting irregularities and anti-government protests. About 12 or 13 were of violence in police stations. He was shocked by YouTube's decision.
Yahoo had shut down two of his email accounts, accusing him of being a spammer.
wn.com/Wael_Abbas -
Wael Ghonim
Wael Ghonim (Arabic: وائل غنيم, IPA: [ˈwæːʔel ɣoˈneːm]; other transliterations include: Ghoneim, Ghonaim) (born 23 December 1980 in Cairo, Egypt) is an Internet activist and computer engineer with an interest in social entrepreneurship.
In 2011, he became an international figure and energized pro-democracy demonstrations in Egypt after his emotional interview following 11 days of secret incarceration by Egyptian police—during which he was interrogated regarding his work as the administrator of the Facebook page, "We are all Khaled Saeed", which helped spark the revolution. The TIME magazine added him in its "Time 100" list of 100 most influential people of 2011.
Wael Ghonim was born to a middle-class family on 23 December 1980 in Cairo, Egypt and grew up in Abha, Saudi Arabia until he was 13 years old, then he moved back to live in Cairo. In January 2010, Wael was promoted to Head of Marketing at Google in the Middle East & North Africa and moved to Dubai, the United Arab Emirates.
He earned a BS in computer engineering from Cairo University in 2004 and an MBA, with honors, in marketing and finance from the American University in Cairo in 2007.[citation needed]
wn.com/Wael_Ghonim -
Zakaria Azmi
Zakaria Azmi is the former chief of presidential staff in Egypt.
Zakaria Azmi was the National Democratic Party's (NDP) deputy for el-Zeitoun district in eastern Cairo and chief of the presidential staff. He had joined the NDP following its establishment in 1978, was elected to the People's Assembly in 1987 and appointed chief of the presidential staff in 1989. Azmi was one of the army officers who supported late Egyptian president Anwar el-Sadat in his conflict with Nasserist rivals in 1971. This earned him the post of manager of the office of the presidential chief of staff in 1975.
He became more involved in politics when he was elected in 1979 as deputy chairman of the Cairo Municipal Council. His overtly critical approach in People's Assembly debates led many observers to dub him "the representative of the NDP opposition wing in parliament". Azmi spoke against the terms of US economic grants to Egypt, corruption in city councils and pollution in Cairo. For example, in May 1997, Azmi was involved in a confrontation with Mohamed Abul-Enein, a businessman appointed by President Mubarak to parliament. The showdown was described by newspapers as "a confrontation between money and power". Newspapers also said that Azmi had "become a parliamentary phenomenon". Azmi was promoted to the NDP's secretariat-general in 1993.
wn.com/Zakaria_Azmi
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Gigi's Revolution
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:44
- Updated: 02 Dec 2012
(PBS Frontline) Her family is part of the Egyptian elite, but 24-year-old Gigi Ibrahim says she's fighting for her country's future. With thousands following her Twitter feed, Gigi has become something of a celebrity in Cairo's Tahrir Square. In this video, we see her attempts to convince her family of the righteousness of her cause. But will they come around? video.pbs.org
http://wn.com/Gigi's_Revolution
(PBS Frontline) Her family is part of the Egyptian elite, but 24-year-old Gigi Ibrahim says she's fighting for her country's future. With thousands following her Twitter feed, Gigi has become something of a celebrity in Cairo's Tahrir Square. In this video, we see her attempts to convince her family of the righteousness of her cause. But will they come around? video.pbs.org
Gigi Ibrahim on the military crackdown on Tahrir (2.26.11)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:18
- Updated: 03 Mar 2012
Gigi Ibrahim recounts as the violence initiated by the military as they attempted to clear Tahrir Square of peaceful protesters. Gigi is @Gsquare86 on twitter.
http://wn.com/Gigi_Ibrahim_on_the_military_crackdown_on_Tahrir_22611
Gigi Ibrahim recounts as the violence initiated by the military as they attempted to clear Tahrir Square of peaceful protesters. Gigi is @Gsquare86 on twitter.
- published: 26 Feb 2011
- views: 1527
- author: ScarceMedia
No future: Youth, Rage and Revolution - Alex Chandran, Miguel Sanz and Gigi Ibrahim
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 63:46
- Updated: 14 Dec 2012
http://wn.com/No_future_Youth,_Rage_and_Revolution_Alex_Chandran,_Miguel_Sanz_and_Gigi_Ibrahim
Gigi Ibrahim - How can the Egyptian Revolution Win
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 28:07
- Updated: 29 Sep 2012
www.socialistworker.co.uk Egyptian revolutionary socialist Gigi Ibrahim addressed more than 350 people at a meeting in central London last night (Thursday). "Our revolution is just starting—and it's getting stronger," Gigi told the meeting, which was organised by the Socialist Workers Party. Gigi explained that the revolution was deepening in the workplaces, and that the newly elected Muslim Brotherhood government had quickly become the focus for people's discontent. "Tahrir and the factories are one hand. Solidarity goes back and forth. "Whenever there is a clash in Tahrir with the police or the army, we've found a huge wave of industrial action." She also spoke about the role of the Revolutionary Socialists in continuing the revolution—and attempts by the Brotherhood and the state to discredit the revolutionaries. "This parliament won't last—it's already showing its limitations," she said. "Under military rule there is no democracy. We have sacrificed so much—we want direct democracy." UCU union national executive committee member Mark Campbell and Socialist Worker editor Judith Orr also spoke at the meeting. Mark Campbell said, "We owe a huge debt to the Egyptian revolution." "Tyrants, no matter how strong, can be defeated when we take them on." "In our own continued resistance we show real solidarity with Egypt." And Judith Orr said the ongoing revolution in Egypt was "an inspiration in Britain and around the world". "We're living in very special times as ...
http://wn.com/Gigi_Ibrahim_How_can_the_Egyptian_Revolution_Win
www.socialistworker.co.uk Egyptian revolutionary socialist Gigi Ibrahim addressed more than 350 people at a meeting in central London last night (Thursday). "Our revolution is just starting—and it's getting stronger," Gigi told the meeting, which was organised by the Socialist Workers Party. Gigi explained that the revolution was deepening in the workplaces, and that the newly elected Muslim Brotherhood government had quickly become the focus for people's discontent. "Tahrir and the factories are one hand. Solidarity goes back and forth. "Whenever there is a clash in Tahrir with the police or the army, we've found a huge wave of industrial action." She also spoke about the role of the Revolutionary Socialists in continuing the revolution—and attempts by the Brotherhood and the state to discredit the revolutionaries. "This parliament won't last—it's already showing its limitations," she said. "Under military rule there is no democracy. We have sacrificed so much—we want direct democracy." UCU union national executive committee member Mark Campbell and Socialist Worker editor Judith Orr also spoke at the meeting. Mark Campbell said, "We owe a huge debt to the Egyptian revolution." "Tyrants, no matter how strong, can be defeated when we take them on." "In our own continued resistance we show real solidarity with Egypt." And Judith Orr said the ongoing revolution in Egypt was "an inspiration in Britain and around the world". "We're living in very special times as ...
- published: 02 Feb 2012
- views: 4820
- author: swpTvUk
Gigi Ibrahim returns to OCC
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:01
- Updated: 04 Jun 2011
Gigi Ibrahim, the 24-year-old Egyptian-American activist returned to OCC to talk to Coast Report reporter Nick Gerda about her time spent in Egypt during the revolution that took place there in January and February.
http://wn.com/Gigi_Ibrahim_returns_to_OCC
Gigi Ibrahim, the 24-year-old Egyptian-American activist returned to OCC to talk to Coast Report reporter Nick Gerda about her time spent in Egypt during the revolution that took place there in January and February.
- published: 27 Apr 2011
- views: 587
- author: CRmultimedia
Gigi Ibrahim, the Daily Show, 25 April 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:14
- Updated: 27 Sep 2012
7 minutes, Gigi Ibrahim, the Daily Show, 25 April 2011, with Jon Stewart
http://wn.com/Gigi_Ibrahim,_the_Daily_Show,_25_April_2011
7 minutes, Gigi Ibrahim, the Daily Show, 25 April 2011, with Jon Stewart
- published: 26 Apr 2011
- views: 5393
- author: alexweir1949
Festivals of the Oppressed: Women and Revolution - Gigi Ibrahim & Cathy Porter
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 76:56
- Updated: 07 Sep 2012
http://wn.com/Festivals_of_the_Oppressed_Women_and_Revolution_Gigi_Ibrahim_Cathy_Porter
Gigi Ibrahim - "The more Mursi fails, the higher the demands of the people are growing"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:08
- Updated: 19 Dec 2012
Blogger and socialist activist Gigi Ibrahim interviewed at the IEMed about the revolution in Egypt and the current political and social developements in the country. Egypt is voting these days its new Constitution after the Mubarak era. She participated in the series of documentaries and debates "[R]Evolutions in the Arab World" on the 19th December 2012.
http://wn.com/Gigi_Ibrahim_The_more_Mursi_fails,_the_higher_the_demands_of_the_people_are_growing
Blogger and socialist activist Gigi Ibrahim interviewed at the IEMed about the revolution in Egypt and the current political and social developements in the country. Egypt is voting these days its new Constitution after the Mubarak era. She participated in the series of documentaries and debates "[R]Evolutions in the Arab World" on the 19th December 2012.
- published: 19 Dec 2012
- author: IEMedBarcelona
Gigi Ibrahim interview (part 1)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:51
- Updated: 27 Nov 2012
Gigi Ibrahim, a 24 year-old Egyptian-American political activist, gives her take on Egypt's revolution and her vision of the country's future. She was visiting her former college in California for the first time in three years.
http://wn.com/Gigi_Ibrahim_interview_part_1
Gigi Ibrahim, a 24 year-old Egyptian-American political activist, gives her take on Egypt's revolution and her vision of the country's future. She was visiting her former college in California for the first time in three years.
- published: 25 Apr 2011
- views: 1778
- author: nickgerda
Gigi Ibrahim on Revolution 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:17
- Updated: 09 May 2012
(BBC Newsnight) Following the recent unrest and protest in the Middle East and North Africa, Newsnight asks what it means for the region, the West and the world. Gigi Ibrahim is described here as one of the unofficial leaders of the Egyptian protest movement.
http://wn.com/Gigi_Ibrahim_on_Revolution_2011
(BBC Newsnight) Following the recent unrest and protest in the Middle East and North Africa, Newsnight asks what it means for the region, the West and the world. Gigi Ibrahim is described here as one of the unofficial leaders of the Egyptian protest movement.
- published: 25 Feb 2011
- views: 4196
- author: ScarceMedia
Gigi Ibrahim - Arab Revolutions
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 29:01
- Updated: 07 Sep 2012
March 13th 2011 - Hosted by the SWP. From Tunisia to Egypt, Libya to Bahrain mass revolts and revolutions are sweeping the Middle East. They are shattering the idea that ordinary people can't change the world and threatening the hold of imperialism. After decades of dictatorship mass mobilisations and strikes have brought down tyrants. Who says revolution is impossible in the 21st Century! www.swp.org.uk
http://wn.com/Gigi_Ibrahim_Arab_Revolutions
March 13th 2011 - Hosted by the SWP. From Tunisia to Egypt, Libya to Bahrain mass revolts and revolutions are sweeping the Middle East. They are shattering the idea that ordinary people can't change the world and threatening the hold of imperialism. After decades of dictatorship mass mobilisations and strikes have brought down tyrants. Who says revolution is impossible in the 21st Century! www.swp.org.uk
- published: 13 Mar 2011
- views: 3938
- author: swpTvUk
Gigi Ibrahim, social media activist and journalist
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:46
- Updated: 05 Feb 2012
Gigi is an Egyptian journalist and blogger, known for her participation in the Egyptian Revolution of 2011. She shares with us on how social media can contribute to political and as well environmental causes.
http://wn.com/Gigi_Ibrahim,_social_media_activist_and_journalist
Gigi is an Egyptian journalist and blogger, known for her participation in the Egyptian Revolution of 2011. She shares with us on how social media can contribute to political and as well environmental causes.
- published: 23 Oct 2011
- views: 501
- author: PurProjet
Gigi Ibrahim on John King 5/19/2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:01
- Updated: 04 Jun 2011
Gigi Ibrahim on John King 5/19/2011
http://wn.com/Gigi_Ibrahim_on_John_King_5_19_2011
NYTimes interviews Gigi Ibrahim via Skype (Jan 27)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:40
- Updated: 09 May 2012
The NYTimes' Robert Mackey interviewed Gigi Ibrahim (@GSquare86) via Skype on Jan 27. Ibrahim, a recent graduate of the American University in Cairo, uses Twitter to document and share information about street protests. Call it "social newsgathering," a new skill that involves Twitter sleuthing, Skype interviewing and for TV folks, an open mind about video quality. I particularly like the way NY Times edited the piece — Robert Mackey, wearing a headset and sitting at his desk, asking her questions. It feels more personal, more real. Ibrahim has also aired on BBC — her webcam a TV studio, her Twitter account a tool to connect with journalists across the world. "It's important to me to be kind of like a citizen journalist, because our press here, not everything gets broadcast," she says. www.lostremote.com
http://wn.com/NYTimes_interviews_Gigi_Ibrahim_via_Skype_Jan_27
The NYTimes' Robert Mackey interviewed Gigi Ibrahim (@GSquare86) via Skype on Jan 27. Ibrahim, a recent graduate of the American University in Cairo, uses Twitter to document and share information about street protests. Call it "social newsgathering," a new skill that involves Twitter sleuthing, Skype interviewing and for TV folks, an open mind about video quality. I particularly like the way NY Times edited the piece — Robert Mackey, wearing a headset and sitting at his desk, asking her questions. It feels more personal, more real. Ibrahim has also aired on BBC — her webcam a TV studio, her Twitter account a tool to connect with journalists across the world. "It's important to me to be kind of like a citizen journalist, because our press here, not everything gets broadcast," she says. www.lostremote.com
- published: 21 Feb 2011
- views: 1692
- author: ScarceMedia
ANGER IN EGYPT - AMR WAKED - GIGI IBRAHIM TALKS ABOUT THE CRISIS IN EGYPT 29-01-11
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 22:01
- Updated: 20 Dec 2011
program: INSIDE channel: AlJazeera TV recorded it with my mobile talks: Gigi Ibrahim / Political Activist Amr Waked / Actor Wael Khalil / Political Activist / Blogger
http://wn.com/ANGER_IN_EGYPT_AMR_WAKED_GIGI_IBRAHIM_TALKS_ABOUT_THE_CRISIS_IN_EGYPT_29-01-11
program: INSIDE channel: AlJazeera TV recorded it with my mobile talks: Gigi Ibrahim / Political Activist Amr Waked / Actor Wael Khalil / Political Activist / Blogger
- published: 29 Jan 2011
- views: 3434
- author: hefestionsradio
Gigi Ibrahim on John King 5/18/2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:23
- Updated: 19 Nov 2011
Gigi Ibrahim on John King 5/18/2011 twitter.com
http://wn.com/Gigi_Ibrahim_on_John_King_5_18_2011
Gigi Ibrahim on John King 5/18/2011 twitter.com
- published: 18 May 2011
- views: 1369
- author: JFhsfohhMN
Gigi Ibrahim - Women, the cuts and the resistance. ULU, London. 8.3.11
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:23
- Updated: 08 Jul 2012
With the current public sector cuts, women will bear nearly 75% of the brunt of the Tory-Liberal coalition plans. This is despite the fact that women's income is still considerably lower than mens. Women are, however, at the forefront of the resistance against cuts and continue to fight for equality in all aspects of British society, in Tunisia, Egypt, Wisconsin and across the world. Citizen journalist and political activist, Gigi Ibrahim, speaks about the role of women in the recent Egyptian uprising/
http://wn.com/Gigi_Ibrahim_Women,_the_cuts_and_the_resistance_ULU,_London_8311
With the current public sector cuts, women will bear nearly 75% of the brunt of the Tory-Liberal coalition plans. This is despite the fact that women's income is still considerably lower than mens. Women are, however, at the forefront of the resistance against cuts and continue to fight for equality in all aspects of British society, in Tunisia, Egypt, Wisconsin and across the world. Citizen journalist and political activist, Gigi Ibrahim, speaks about the role of women in the recent Egyptian uprising/
- published: 18 Mar 2011
- views: 915
- author: sternchenproductions
The Stream - A second wave for Egypt's revolution - Gigi Ibrahim
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 18:51
- Updated: 14 Aug 2012
Protesters have again taken to the streets of Egyptian cities to urge the interim government to adhere to promises of reform. The Stream interviewed activist and blogger Gigi Ibrahim. Read more: stream.aljazeera.com
http://wn.com/The_Stream_A_second_wave_for_Egypt's_revolution_Gigi_Ibrahim
Protesters have again taken to the streets of Egyptian cities to urge the interim government to adhere to promises of reform. The Stream interviewed activist and blogger Gigi Ibrahim. Read more: stream.aljazeera.com
- published: 14 Jul 2011
- views: 1295
- author: AJstream
No Military Intervention in Libya - Gigi Ibrahim | Stop the War protest 12 March 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:03
- Updated: 11 May 2012
Video by Adrian Cousins www.counterfire.org Demo organised by http
http://wn.com/No_Military_Intervention_in_Libya_Gigi_Ibrahim_|_Stop_the_War_protest_12_March_2011
Video by Adrian Cousins www.counterfire.org Demo organised by http
- published: 13 Mar 2011
- views: 3576
- author: Adrian Cousins
Gigi Ibrahim & Mona Seif on Piggipedia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:56
- Updated: 02 Dec 2012
Via CNN's "iRevolution: Online Warriors of the Arab Spring", with host Amber Lyon. Egyptian bloggers and activists Gigi Ibrahim and Mona Seif recount how they and others organized a mass movement.
http://wn.com/Gigi_Ibrahim_Mona_Seif_on_Piggipedia
Via CNN's "iRevolution: Online Warriors of the Arab Spring", with host Amber Lyon. Egyptian bloggers and activists Gigi Ibrahim and Mona Seif recount how they and others organized a mass movement.
- published: 20 Jun 2011
- views: 611
- author: ScarceMedia
GIGI IBRAHIM ON THE EGYPTIAN REVOLUTION. PART 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:49
- Updated: 21 Dec 2011
Lecture by Gigi Ibrahim in the CEMUS conference: Challenging (Un)certainties - the Future of Education and Sustainability. Gigi Ibrahim is a political scientist from the University of Cairo, a Egyptian citizen, journalist, blogger and political activist. She explains the dynamics that lead to the Egyptian Revolution of 2011.
http://wn.com/GIGI_IBRAHIM_ON_THE_EGYPTIAN_REVOLUTION_PART_1
Lecture by Gigi Ibrahim in the CEMUS conference: Challenging (Un)certainties - the Future of Education and Sustainability. Gigi Ibrahim is a political scientist from the University of Cairo, a Egyptian citizen, journalist, blogger and political activist. She explains the dynamics that lead to the Egyptian Revolution of 2011.
- published: 31 Aug 2011
- views: 225
- author: CEMUSOPENUNIVERSITY
Gigi Ibrahim on the middle east revolution
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:18
- Updated: 11 Dec 2012
Short part in an conversation with Gigi Ibrahim on the middle east revolution, also called the "Arab spring". (Sorry its yust a short part, battery went out)..saying (and not giving in to disrupting others;), " The counter revolution (to hijack the peoples uprising) is again being supported, backed up by the same miltairy (not being their friend"), some western governments (like the Dutch, German etc as well,who denied at first this revolution was a good thing (like Israel did, because their friends often are 'the dictators" and so our western fake goverments and some big (oil etc) companies turned by doing that against the youth of Egypt and the common people, their human rights and freedom...killing a lot more. Democracy against democracy lol? Its all clear to us.. Gigi was from early on engaged and seen on tv when the uprising begun explaining the frustrations and goals of the mainly young protesters. She always spoke and speaks (you can find vids of her on the Gsquare channel) with an informed mind and honest passion for a social revolution. Keep up the good work. In solidarity. See for more info; Socialist network/community called; Revsoc.org (Revolutionary Socialists- Egypt) More info on Social/Anarchist blogs/texts from Egypt, Syria etc see the worldwide W. - Nefac, - Zabalaza.net, - Ahewar org/m.asp) Take care
http://wn.com/Gigi_Ibrahim_on_the_middle_east_revolution
Short part in an conversation with Gigi Ibrahim on the middle east revolution, also called the "Arab spring". (Sorry its yust a short part, battery went out)..saying (and not giving in to disrupting others;), " The counter revolution (to hijack the peoples uprising) is again being supported, backed up by the same miltairy (not being their friend"), some western governments (like the Dutch, German etc as well,who denied at first this revolution was a good thing (like Israel did, because their friends often are 'the dictators" and so our western fake goverments and some big (oil etc) companies turned by doing that against the youth of Egypt and the common people, their human rights and freedom...killing a lot more. Democracy against democracy lol? Its all clear to us.. Gigi was from early on engaged and seen on tv when the uprising begun explaining the frustrations and goals of the mainly young protesters. She always spoke and speaks (you can find vids of her on the Gsquare channel) with an informed mind and honest passion for a social revolution. Keep up the good work. In solidarity. See for more info; Socialist network/community called; Revsoc.org (Revolutionary Socialists- Egypt) More info on Social/Anarchist blogs/texts from Egypt, Syria etc see the worldwide W. - Nefac, - Zabalaza.net, - Ahewar org/m.asp) Take care
- published: 16 Dec 2011
- views: 158
- author: SiouxSyndicate
Newsnight's weird Arab Spring segment, 15 December 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 24:12
- Updated: 05 May 2012
Gigi Ibrahim, Tawakel Karman, Simon Schama, Jeremy Greenstock and Henry Kissinger (why?) talk about the Arab uprisings in a bizarre Western-centric discussion where the two people who have a clue (Gigi and Tawakel) are given very little time while three white men pontificate at great length. This all follows a very slanted report by Mark Urban.
http://wn.com/Newsnight's_weird_Arab_Spring_segment,_15_December_2011
Gigi Ibrahim, Tawakel Karman, Simon Schama, Jeremy Greenstock and Henry Kissinger (why?) talk about the Arab uprisings in a bizarre Western-centric discussion where the two people who have a clue (Gigi and Tawakel) are given very little time while three white men pontificate at great length. This all follows a very slanted report by Mark Urban.
- published: 17 Dec 2011
- views: 1235
- author: AlexNunns
photo: AP / Carolyn Kaster
20 Dec 2012
Obama held a White House news conference on Wednesday to announce that Vice President Joe Biden will lead an interagency effort to craft new gun policies. The group is expected to offer its proposals in January. “We know this is a complex issue that stirs deeply held passions and political divides,” Obama said. “But the fact that this problem is complex can no longer be an excuse for doing nothing.” ... WAKE-UP CALL ... ....(size: 6.1Kb)
photo: AP / Charles Krupa
18 Dec 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. "Most people reason dramatically, not quantitatively." -Oliver Wendell Holmes. On the same day that a 20-year-old, described as brilliant but remote, walked into an elementary school in Connecticut and massacred 26 children and adults, the school where I teach went on "lock-down." Four students with a handgun were arrested ... That morning before school, he had posted on Twitter and Facebook....(size: 14.0Kb)
photo: AP / Pablo Martinez Monsivais
19 Dec 2012
WASHINGTON. US President Barack Obama backs a new bill to revive an assault weapons ban and other new gun laws, the White House said Tuesday, fleshing out his nascent response to a shocking school massacre. Obama also called an ardently pro-gun senator who has shifted his position on firearms laws since Friday's carnage in Connecticut and has begun meeting top cabinet officials to consider his options, his spokesman Jay Carney said ... ....(size: 4.9Kb)
photo: Creative Commons / Joachim Huber
18 Dec 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. When a Stanford geneticist, Gerald Crabtree, published a provocative and controversial new view on evolutionary change, namely that humans are actually getting dumber, he should have also added that humans are still developing an extermination gene ... Paleontologist Tim Flannery would more than likely agree with Crabtree ... Strange strings of gravel also overlaid some bones ... (1) Kane, Alex ... 195....(size: 9.4Kb)
photo: AP / Manu Brabo
18 Dec 2012
The UN's humanitarian chief has called on Syria to urgently allow fuel imports for aid deliveries and give access to 10 more aid agencies. Valerie Amos met government officials in the capital, Damascus, to discuss the growing humanitarian crisis. UN workers also needed to freely move into opposition-controlled areas to step up their aid efforts, she said ... 'Greater rebel contact' ... The claim could not be independently verified ... ....(size: 2.6Kb)
Yahoo Daily News
21 Dec 2012
Islamists formed groups checking worshippers arriving for Friday prayers at Alexandria's al-Qaid Ibrahim mosque, scene of last week's violence ... Prosecutor Talaat Ibrahim, appointed by Mursi when he assumed his new powers, said he had changed his mind because his resignation on Monday was under duress. Ibrahim had quit after more than 1,000 members of ......(size: 3.8Kb)
Reuters
21 Dec 2012
Islamists formed groups checking worshippers arriving for Friday prayers at Alexandria's al-Qaid Ibrahim mosque, scene of last week's violence ... Prosecutor Talaat Ibrahim, appointed by Mursi when he assumed his new powers, said he had changed his mind because his resignation on Monday was under duress. Ibrahim had quit after more than 1,000 members of ......(size: 3.6Kb)
Xinhua
21 Dec 2012
Undated file photo shows Egypt's newly-appointed prosecutor general Talat Ibrahim Abdullah. Egypt's newly-appointed prosecutor general, Talat Ibrahim Abdullah, submitted his resignation to the head of Supreme Council of Justice on Monday, state TV reported ... 20 (Xinhua) -- Egypt's newly appointed Prosecutor General Talat Ibrahim Abdullah withdrew his resignation on Thursday, state TV reported....(size: 4.0Kb)
Jakarta Post
21 Dec 2012
Paper Edition . Page. 4 ... “We found, from the rulings, judges rule out facts in their considerations,” KY commissioner Ibrahim told a press briefing on Thursday. Ibrahim said that during a recent hearing on a judge who was alleged to have breached the code of ethics, the KY found the judge ruled out testimony from an expert witness ... Ibrahim said that some of the judges were only preoccupied with providing legal certainty ... ....(size: 2.9Kb)
Tempo Interactive
21 Dec 2012
Ibrahim, member of BPH Migas committee, said that controlling subsidized fuel consumption cannot be achieved through technology alone ... Ibrahim said that the mechanism to monitor subsidized fuel in Indonesia must be more stringent than in other countries because of the very large subsidies—causing high disparity between non-subsidized and subsidized fuel prices that may lead to abuse such as smuggling ... ....(size: 1.8Kb)
Tempo Interactive
21 Dec 2012
, Jakarta. The Jakarta administration is seen has having the rights to limit subsidized fuel oil quota in the region ... BPH Migas committee member, Ibrahim Hashim, said that Premium restrictions have been implemented in several areas ... The proposal was submitted to President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono ... Ibrahim said the proposal will help press the surge of subsidized fuel consumption ... BERNADETTE CHRISTINA ... ....(size: 1.9Kb)
Yahoo Daily News
21 Dec 2012
Employees of the Newport Beach personal injury law firm participates in the Orange County nonprofit's 42nd annual Adopt A Family program giving a number of families the extra help they need during the holiday season. The law firm has been involved in this program for the last six years. (PRWEB) December 20, 2012 For the seventh straight year, the Newport Beach personal injury law firm of Bisnar ... Usually, Bisnar ... Chase ... GiGi Konwin ... ....(size: 3.2Kb)
The Wichita Eagle
21 Dec 2012
Three weeks ago, the prime minister of India appointed Syed Asif Ibrahim as the new director of India’s Intelligence Bureau, its domestic intelligence-gathering agency. Ibrahim is a Muslim ... and in doing so opened the way for all different sectors of Indian society to rise through their own merits, which is exactly what Ibrahim did.”....(size: 6.1Kb)
Yahoo Daily News
21 Dec 2012
iACTaFOOL is the brainchild of founder Hani Shabsigh and angel investor Ibrahim Khaddash. Hani has developed the game as a one-man show straight from his parent’s basement ... "Initially some users might be hesitant to post their own videos publicly, but that's ok...the social nature of the game allows them to enjoy the public content and still play with friends through private games,” says co-founder Ibrahim Khaddash ... Hani Shabsigh ... ....(size: 3.3Kb)
All Africa
21 Dec 2012
Ibrahim Arbab Idriss, one of the camp's sheikhs told Radio Dabanga that the representative ......(size: 0.4Kb)
All Africa
21 Dec 2012
Joy Online
21 Dec 2012
Dr Mohamed Ibn Chambas of Ghana has been appointed by the United Nations (UN) and Africa Union (AU) as their Joint Special Representative for Darfur ... A statement issued by UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon and AU Commissions Chairperson Nkosazana Dlamini Zuma said Dr Chambas replaces Mr Ibrahim Gambari of Nigeria ... ....(size: 1.6Kb)
| Gihan "Gigi" Ibrahim | |
|---|---|
 Gigi Ibrahim during the 2011 Egyptian revolution |
|
| Born | Gihan Ibrahim (1986-12-02) December 2, 1986 (age 25)[1] Long Beach, California, USA[2] |
| Residence | Cairo, Egypt |
| Alma mater | American University in Cairo |
| Known for | 2011 Egyptian revolution |
| Political party | Revolutionary Socialists |
| Spouse | Hossam el-Hamalawy[3] |
Gihan Ibrahim (Egyptian Arabic: چيهان إبراهيم, IPA: [ʒiˈhæːn ebɾˤɑˈhiːm]), nicknamed Gigi (چيچى, [ˈʒiːʒi], b. 1988), is an Egyptian journalist, blogger and socialist activist. She has been credited as being a part of a new generation of "citizen journalists" who document news events using social media. For this she was featured on a cover of Time magazine as "one of the leaders" of Tahrir Square during the Egyptian Revolution in 2011.[4] Ibrahim however states, that while the internet was important for coordinating people in the ousting of President Hosni Mubarak, "it was the battles on the streets that were crucial ... [i]t was their power that made the revolution."
She is a graduate from the American University in Cairo[5] where she earned a political science degree.[6] Prior to university, Gigi has had no direct links to the workers protests and opposition movements that had previously been occurring in Egypt. It was a lecture on "Social Mobilization under Authoritarian Regimes", where her future husband Hossam el-Hamalawy was a guest speaker, that provided her with insight about activism in Egypt.[7] The contact with el-Hamalawy, a member of the Revolutionary Socialists, led her to decide to join the movement.[8]
Aside from Time, she has also appeared in Frontline, BBC, Al Jazeera and the Daily Show.
Gigi was featured in a documentary by award-winning journalist Inigo Gilmore. This production, following her from the earliest days of the revolution, looks at her life not just in Tahrir Square, but also at home, commenting on the reserved view many upper middle class Egyptians initially took against the revolution. The documentary "Gigi's revolution" was aired on the PBS Network in the USA.
She is critical of other Egyptian youth activists such as Wael Ghonim, who called on protesters to go home after Mubarak had ceded some power but refused to step down as President.[9]
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ http://twitter.com/#!/Gsquare86/status/150041211812585472
- ^ Facebook Résumé
- ^ Khaled, Sabry. "The Citizen ☭: Behind the picture.. Episode 7 - Marriage". Eldoctorwelkababgy.blogspot.com. http://eldoctorwelkababgy.blogspot.com/2012/03/behind-picture-episode-7-marriage.html. Retrieved 2012-03-24.
- ^ "The world at Boulder's doorstep". Daily Camera. 4 March 2011. http://www.dailycamera.com/features/ci_17742185. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
- ^ Mackey, Robert (27 January 2011). "Interview With an Egyptian Blogger". The New York Times. http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/01/27/interview-with-an-egyptian-blogger/. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
- ^ "Citizen Journalist Gigi Ibrahim Uses Tools of the Web to Spread News of Cairo Protests". About.com. 28 January 2011. http://journalism.about.com/b/2011/01/28/citizen-journalist-gigi-ibrahim-uses-tools-of-the-web-to-spread-news-of-cairo-protests.htm. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
- ^ "Egyptian activist on The Daily Show". Bikya Masr. 27 April 2011. http://bikyamasr.com/wordpress/?p=33189. Retrieved 1 May 2011.
- ^ "Socialist from Egypt to join debate about revolution". Socialist Worker (UK). 12 March 2011. http://www.socialistworker.co.uk/art.php?id=24165. Retrieved 19 March 2011.
- ^ Levinson, Charles (18 February 2011). "Splits Emerge Among Egypt's Young Activists". The Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703561604576150604132131990.html. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Gigi Ibrahim |
- Gigi's Revolution by Inigo Gilmore
- Gigi Ibrahim's blog
- Gihan Ibrahim on Flickr
- Gigi Ibrahim on Al Jazeera
- Gigi Ibrahim's interview on The Daily Show
- Gigi's Revolution by Inigo Gilmore on Public Broadcasting Service
- Fear No More: Power of the People interview by Phil England in New Internationalist
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Ibrahim, Gigi |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 2 December 1988 |
| Place of birth | Cairo, Egypt |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
[[[Category:Marxist journalists]]
  |
This Egyptian biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
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This biographical article about an activist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
http://wn.com/Gihan_Ibrahim
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Ибрагим, Жижи
http://fr.wn.com/Gigi Ibrahim
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gihan_Ibrahim
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
 |
This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (November 2011) |
Miguel Sanz Sesma (16 September 1952 in Corella - ) is a conservative Spanish politician of the Navarrese People's Union (UPN) and the president of the autonomous community of Navarre since 1996.
Biography[link]
Originally a lecturer of primary education, Sanz later studied business administration at the University of Navarre. He served as the mayor of his hometown Corella from 1983 to 1987. He was also elected to the Parliament of Navarre in 1983 and served incessantly since that date. He was elected the vice-president of UPN in 1989 and became the vice-president of Navarre under UPN government of Juan Cruz Alli (1991–1995). He was elected the president of Navarre in 1996 and the chairman of UPN in 1997 until he was replaced by Yolanda Barcina, the mayor of Pamplona in 2009.
After eleven years in office, presidency of Sanz came under jeopardy after left wing and Basque nationalist parties won a majority in the Navarrese parliament in 2007. However, the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party reached an agreement with UPN and Sanz was re-elected as president (in coalition with the Democrats Convergence of Navarre), whereas socialist Elena Torres Miranda became the president of the parliament. In an interview with El País, he declared that he does not have the intention to run at the Navarrese elections in 2011.[1]
Sanz has been known as a fierce opponent of Basque nationalism as well as fiscal centrism, the latter stance having led to termination of UPN's fraternal party relationship with the People's Party and the reappearance of the People's Party of Navarre in 2008.
References[link]
- ^ "Si llega a ocurrir en mi partido, Bárcenas me dura cinco minutos", El País, 20-07-09
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Sanz, Miguel |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Spanish politician |
| Date of birth | 16 September 1952 |
| Place of birth | Corella, Spain |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Miguel_Sanz
Related pages:
http://fr.wn.com/Miguel Sanz
http://pt.wn.com/Miguel Sanz
http://es.wn.com/Miguel Sanz
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_Sanz
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
 |
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2010) |
The Oppressed is a Welsh anti-fascist Oi! band that formed in 1981 in Cardiff. Most of the musicians in the band's various lineups were skinheads. Throughout the band's career, the members (especially vocalist Roddy Moreno) openly expressed opposition to racism and fascism — in their lyrics, interviews, on-stage comments and other actions. In 1989, Moreno visited New York City and met a few members of Skinheads Against Racial Prejudice (SHARP). On his return to the United Kingdom, he started promoting SHARP ideals to British skinheads.[1][2] The band has also had ties to other anti-racist groups, such as Anti-Fascist Action. Moreno is a Cardiff City F.C. supporter, and some of the band's songs express that support.
The band has split and re-formed several times. Their more recent split was in 2006, but they re-formed in 2009, and continue performing today. Roddy Moreno - Vocals / Guitar. Dom Moreno - Bass. Steve Floyd - Guitar. Tony Kizmus - Drums.
Contents |
Discography[link]
EPs[link]
- Never Say Die (1983)
- Victims / Work Together (1983)
- Fuck Fascism (1995)
- 5-4-3-2-1 (1996)
- They Think Its All Over...It Is Now(1996)
- Anti-Fascist Oi! (1996)
- Best of The Oppressed Bonus 7 Inch (1996)
- The Richard Allen Tribute Single (1997)
- Strength In Unity (1997)
- The Noise (1997)
- Oppressed / Fatskins (1998)
- Out on The Streets Again (1999)
- Football Violence (2009)
LPs[link]
- Oi!Oi! Music (1984)
- Fatal Blow (1985)
- Dead & Buried (1988)
- Dead & Buried / Fatal Blow Reissue (1996)
- The Best of The Oppressed (1996)
- Music For Hooligans (1996)
- We Can Do Anything (1996)
- Live (Llanrumney Youth Club 1984) (1997)
- More Noize For The Boys (1998)
- Skinhead Times (double CD) (2005)
- "Won't Say Sorry" The Complete Cover Story (double CD) (2005)
DVD[link]
- Brotherhood: The Oppressed/The Prowlers Live in Toronto - 4.30.05 (2008)
References[link]
External links[link]
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http://wn.com/The_Oppressed
Related pages:
http://fr.wn.com/The Oppressed
http://pt.wn.com/The Oppressed
http://de.wn.com/The Oppressed
http://it.wn.com/The Oppressed
http://es.wn.com/The Oppressed
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Oppressed
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Amr Waked | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Born | (1972-05-15) May 15, 1972 (age 40) Cairo, Egypt |
| Occupation | Actor |
Amr Waked (Arabic: عمرو واكد; born 1972) is an Egyptian film, television, and stage actor, known for his roles portraying Middle Eastern and Mediterranean characters.[1] He is best known to international audiences and in Hollywood as the terrorist leader in the 2005 film Syriana (2005).[2][3][4][5][6] He also played the role of Rafik in Steven Soderbergh's movie Contagion and Yemeni Sheikh Muhammad in Salmon Fishing in the Yemen.
Contents |
Background[link]
Waked was born on August 7, 1972. He is a graduate of the American University in Cairo, and has performed in theatre from 1992 through 2002. He originally just moonlighted as an actor, and relied on his day job as a stock trader, before finally dedicating himself to a career as an actor.[1] Waked joined the 2011 Egypt anti-government protests.
Career[link]
Waked's first ever major role was in Ashab wallah business (2002),[7] for which reviewer's offered that he portrayed the role of "Gehad " so well that many viewers left the theater believing he was actually a Palestinian actor, rather than Egyptian.[8][9] His first lead role was as Ahmed in Deil el Samaka (The Fish's tail) (2003), and in 2005 he worked alongside George Clooney in the film Syriana, for which in 2006 he won a 'Special Award for Arabs in The International Cinema' at the Cairo International Film Festival. Waked joined the cast of the Egyptian television series "Lahazat Harega" "Critical Moments" in 2007,[10] shooting 32 episodes for season one.[8]
In 2008, Waked joined the cast of the BBC/HBO television series House of Saddam to portray Saddam Hussein's son-in-law Hussein Kamel.[11][12] Since the lead role of Saddam Hussein was played by Israeli actor Yigal Naor, Waked faced punishment by Egypt's Actors Union which opposes normalization of ties with Israel. The union threatened banning him from all future projects in Egypt.[1][12][13]
In 2009, Waked co-hosted the 33rd Cairo International Film Festival,[14] and in 2010 he rejoined the cast of Lahazat Harega. Recently, Waked joined Hollywood stars Matt Damon, Jude Law, Kate Winslet, and Gweneth Paltrow in the 2011 film, Contagion and co-starred in the British comedy film Salmon Fishing in the Yemen with Emily Blunt, Ewan McGregor, and Kristin Scott Thomas.[8]
Films[link]
- Gannat al shayateen (The Paradise of the Fallen Angels) (1999)[1][1][15]
- Li li (2001)[1][8]
- Ashab wala business (2001)[1]
- Men nazret ain (At First Sight) (2003)[16]
- Dail el samakah (The Fish Tail) (2003)[1][17]
- Sahar el layaly (2003) (voice)
- Ahla al awkat (Best Times) (2004)[18]
- Khalty Faransa (2004)[1]
- Tito (2004)
- Sib wana Aseeb (2004)[1]
- Kalam fel hob (2005)
- Dam el ghazal (The Gazelle's Blood) (2005)
- Syriana (2005)[1][3][4][5][6]
- Genenet al asmak (The Aquarium) (2008)[1]
- ibrahim labyad (2009)
- Il padre e lo straniero (2010)(post production) ((the father and the stranger))
- Alf Leila We Leila (One Thousand and One Nights) (2010)[19]
- The Traveller (2009)[1][2]
- Contagion (2011)
- Salmon Fishing in the Yemen (2012)
Television[link]
- "Lahazat Harega" "Critical Moments, Season One" (32+ episodes, 2007)[8][10]
- House of Saddam (3 episodes, 2008)[1]
- The Shooting of Thomas Hurndall (2008)[1]
- "Lahazat Harega" "Critical Moments, Season Two" (32+ episodes, 2010)[8][10]
- Abwab el khoof (2011)
Theater[link]
- 1992, Afareet Hamza We Fatma as Hamza
- 1992, Vinegar Tom as The Devil
- 1993, Crimes Of The Heart as Doc
- 1993, Al Ghaba Al Saeeda as The Fox
- 1994, Tales From Agabad as Hero
- 1994, Compass Berserk as Montigu
- 1994, The Bus as Ahmed[20]
- 1995, Oedipus The President as Prometheus
- 2000, Al Ze'ab Yohaddid Al Madinah as The Journalist[21]
- 2002, Shabab Rewish Tahn as Ahmed
Recognition[link]
Awards & nominations[link]
- 1999, won 'Film Writers and Critics Special Award' at Alexandria International Film Festival
- 1999, won 'Best Supporting Actor' award at Alexandria International Film Festival for Gannat al shayateen[8]
- 2003, won 'Best Actor' award at Alexandria International Film Festival for Dail el samakah[8]
- 2006, won 'Special Award for Arabs in The International Cinema' at Cairo International Film Festival for Syriana
- 2006, won 'Horus Award' for 'Best Supporting Actor' at Cairo National Festival for Egyptian Cinema for Dam el ghazal
- 2010, won 'Best Supporting Actor' at Dear Guest Festival for Ibrahim Labyad
- 2010, won "Best Actor for Second Role" at Cairo National Festival for Egyptian Cinema for Ibrahim Labyad
References[link]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Eskandar, Wael (5 September 2008). "Amr Waked sticks to his guns". Daily News Egypt. http://www.thedailynewsegypt.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=16252. Retrieved 15 May 2010. [dead link]
- ^ a b Schemm, Paul (1 July 2008). "Egito aposta no renascimento do cinema, e Omar Sharif volta à ação" (in Portuguese). Associated Press (G1). http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Cinema/0,,MUL631113-7086,00.html. Retrieved 14 May 2010.
- ^ a b "Stork's gift". The Washington Times. 21 December 2005.
- ^ a b Patel, Anhoni (10 December 2005). "Syriana - A Jigsaw Puzzle". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfstation.com/syriana-a1623. Retrieved 14 May 2010.
- ^ a b Bowman, James (23 November 2005). "See No Evil, Hear No Fact". New York Sun. http://www.nysun.com/arts/see-no-evil-hear-no-fact/23471/. Retrieved 14 May 2010.
- ^ a b H.A.R. (22 December 2005). "Amr Waked & Syriana". Waleg. http://www.waleg.com/archives/002126.html. Retrieved 14 May 2010.
- ^ "A different vehicle". Al-Ahram Weekly. 6–12 September 2001. http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2001/550/cu2.htm. Retrieved 14 May 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Amr Waked bio". lahazat-harega.com. http://lahazat-harega.com/amrwaked.html. Retrieved 15 May 2010.
- ^ "Ultimate sacrifice". The Spectator. 7 September 2001. pp. c-04. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/thestar/access/449925701.html?dids=449925701:449925701&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Sep+07%2C+2001&author=&pub=The+Spectator&desc=Egypt%3A+Ultimate+sacrifice&pqatl=google. Retrieved 14 May 2010.
- ^ a b c Hassan, Hassan (March 2007). "A Doctor in the House?". Egypt Today. http://www.egypttoday.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=7214. Retrieved 14 May 2010.
- ^ Tarbush, Susannah (21 April 2010). "‘House of Saddam’ brings Saddam’s complexities to the small screen". Saudi Gazette. http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentID=2008080413514. Retrieved 14 May 2010.
- ^ a b Williams, Daniel (23 October 2007). "Egyptian Actor Attacked for Film With Israeli as Saddam Hussein". Bloomberg. http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601088&sid=akCHllXPjxhw&refer=muse. Retrieved 14 May 2010.
- ^ Pearson, Bryan (9 September 2007). "Egyptian actor Amr Waked faces ban". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117971694.html?categoryid=14&cs=1. Retrieved 15 May 2010.
- ^ Fahim, Joseph (11 November 2009). "33rd Cairo International Film Fest kicks off". Daily News Egypt. http://www.thedailynewsegypt.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=25774. Retrieved 14 May 2010. [dead link]
- ^ Holden, Stephen (1 February 2001). "review: Gannat al Shayateen (1999)". New York Times. http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9C00E4DB163EF932A35751C0A9679C8B63. Retrieved 14 May 2010.
- ^ "Eyes wide open". Al-Ahram Weekly. http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2003/668/cu5.htm. Retrieved 14 May 2010.
- ^ Nakhla, Sherif Iskander (10–16 April 2003). "Sherif Iskander". Al-Ahram Weekly. http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2003/633/cu5.htm. Retrieved 14 May 2010.
- ^ "Nothing to laugh about". Al-Ahram Weekly. 8–14 April 2004. http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/685/cu5.htm. Retrieved 14 May 2010.
- ^ "Egypt’s First 3D Movie in the Works". Egypt Today. May 2010. http://www.egypttoday.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=8973. Retrieved 14 May 2010.
- ^ Nakhla, Sherif (15–21 January 2004). "Mafia Inc.". Al-Ahram Weekly. http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/673/cu2.htm. Retrieved 14 May 2010.
- ^ Rakha, Youssef (7–13 December 2000). "Surplus ministrations". Al-Ahram Weekly. http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2000/511/cu4.htm. Retrieved 14 May 2010.
External links[link]
- Amr Waked at the Internet Movie Database
- Carlo Coppola, Anche l’attore Amr Waked sulle barricate del Cairo per la libertà, lsdmagazine.com (in Italian)
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Waked, Amt |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Egyptian actor |
| Date of birth | 1972 |
| Place of birth | Cairo, Egypt. |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Amr_Waked
Related pages:
http://fr.wn.com/Amr Waked
http://nl.wn.com/Amr Waked
http://it.wn.com/Amr Waked
http://es.wn.com/Amr Waked
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amr_Waked
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Mona Seif منى سيف |
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|---|---|
 |
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| Born | (1986-03-12) March 12, 1986 (age 26)[1] Cairo, Egypt |
| Residence | Cairo |
| Nationality | Egyptian |
| Ethnicity | Egyptian |
| Religion | Muslim |
| Parents | Ahmad Seif and Laila Soueif |
| Relatives | Alaa Abd El-Fatah (brother) |
| Website | |
| http://tahrirdiaries.wordpress.com/ | |
Mona Seif (Arabic: منى سيف, IPA: [ˈmonæ ˈseːf]) is a female Egyptian activist, known for her use of social media,[2] her role in the 2011 Egyptian revolution,[3] and her continued push against military trials for civilian protesters.
Contents |
Background[link]
Seif grew up in a family of activists, and activism was a constant topic of discussion in Mona's childhood. Her father, Ahmad Seif, is a human rights attorney who was imprisoned five years. During his detention, he was tortured. Her mother, Laila Soueif, is also an activist and a mathematics professor. She helped organize demonstrations against the Mubarak regime over the decades before his downfall. Her mother is "known on the streets as brash and courageous, and has on numerous occasions faced down baton-wielding policemen with nothing but her scolding, scathing, booming voice and steely eyes".[3] Mona's brother Alaa co-created the Egyptian blog aggregator Manalaa and in 2005 began to document abuses by the Mubarak regime. Alaa was arrested at a demonstration in 2006 and imprisoned for 45 days, during which Mona and jis wife Manal helped organize an online campaign to free him. Mona's younger sister, Sanaa, is also involved in organizing protests.[3]
Seif is a cancer research lab worker, but much of her time is spent pursuing human and civil rights reforms.[3]
2011 revolution[link]
In the year leading up to the revolution Mona became involved in the dissent movement, spreading awareness and attending demonstrations. Between January 25 and February 5, the members of Mona's immediate family and many members of their extended family gathered together in the Tahrir Square protests. Mona recalls "It was a life-changing moment for most of the people in Tahrir Square. You could see the gunshots at people...".[3]
Post-Mubarak[link]
Seif is a member of No to Military Trials for Civilians[4], a group pushing for the release of those detained during the revolution, the movement of civilians from military courts to trials by a civil judge, and, investigation of torture allegations involving military police.[5][6][7][8][9] Seif wrote on her blog Ma3t, about the military police during crackdowns on Tahrir protesters, requesting people come forward with their stories.[10]
She has been critical of the action's of Egypt's interim ruling body the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF) saying, of the release of protesters without full exoneration: “The fact that they have suspended sentences does not give them the pride they deserve as revolutionaries who did nothing wrong."[11]
Seif estimates that military courts have sentenced 7,000 civilians since former Hosni Mubarak's ouster in February, 2011.[12][13] She notes that there has been a shift in the SCAF's approach since March and that protesters are now getting suspended sentences rather than the 3-5 year sentences they were previously getting. She speculates that this may be an attempt to stop the regular marches and may also be due to the pressure applied by international human right groups.
She has continued to criticize tactics of the SCAF: "We have evidence that the military right now is targeting protesters. ... They selected known figures of the Tahrir protest. They selected people who were known and they tortured and beat them up...and if you read or listen to the testimonies of those who were released, which are a few, we still have a lot of people detained unconstitutionally. And you see that it's not just that they're getting tortured or beaten up, but there's an element of the Army trying to break the revolutionary spirit." [3]
Part of Seif's project involves asking detainees who have been released to record what happened to them. In some cases she says she has managed to get their testomies immediately after their release and so record bruise marks and burns. It is Sief's opinion that with these cases the only way to fight them is via the internet. [3]
References[link]
- ^ http://twitter.com/#!/Monasosh/status/81804348367192064
- ^ "CNN’s Amber Lyon Reports on the Digital Roots of the ‘Arab Spring’ – CNN Press Room - CNN.com Blogs". Cnnpressroom.blogs.cnn.com. http://cnnpressroom.blogs.cnn.com/2011/06/16/cnn%E2%80%99s-amber-lyon-reports-on-the-digital-roots-of-the-%E2%80%98arab-spring%E2%80%99/. Retrieved 2011-06-17.
- ^ a b c d e f g By Scott Bronstein, CNN Special Investigations Unit (2011-06-16). "For Egyptian online warrior, father's torture fueled activism". CNN.com. http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/meast/06/16/arab.unrest.irevolution/. Retrieved 2011-06-17.
- ^ "No Military Trials for Civilians". http://en.nomiltrials.com/. Retrieved 2011-12-29.
- ^ "Military promises activists it will review military trials of civilians | Al-Masry Al-Youm: Today's News from Egypt". Al-Masry Al-Youm. 2011-06-01. http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/467893. Retrieved 2011-06-17.
- ^ "Egypt’s ruling military makes promises to No to Military Trials campaigners - Politics - Egypt - Ahram Online". English.ahram.org.eg. http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/14285/Egypt/Politics-/Egypt%E2%80%99s-ruling-military-makes-promises-to-No-to-Mi.aspx. Retrieved 2011-06-17.
- ^ "SCAF promises to reconsider military trials". Thedailynewsegypt.com. http://thedailynewsegypt.com/human-a-civil-rights/scaf-promises-to-reconsider-military-trials.html. Retrieved 2011-06-22.
- ^ "Egypt's Secret Military Trials Erode Activists' Trust". NPR. http://www.npr.org/2011/06/14/137176946/egypts-secret-military-trials-erode-activists-trust. Retrieved 2011-06-17.
- ^ Hennessy, Molly (2011-05-27). "Egypt democracy protests: Egyptian activists plan protests over military trials". latimes.com. http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-egypt-prisoners-20110527,0,5482207.story. Retrieved 2011-06-17.
- ^ "Bloggers slam army council in anti-SCAF blogging day". Thedailynewsegypt.com. http://thedailynewsegypt.com/human-a-civil-rights/bloggers-slam-army-council-in-anti-scaf-blogging-day.html. Retrieved 2011-06-17.
- ^ "Majority of activists in military prisons released, criticism of SCAF continues - Politics - Egypt - Ahram Online". English.ahram.org.eg. 2011-05-24. http://english.ahram.org.eg/~/NewsContent/1/64/12804/Egypt/Politics-/Majority-of-activists-in-military-prisons-released.aspx. Retrieved 2011-06-17.
- ^ "Egyptian military government jails 7,000 civilians". Ibtimes.com. http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/163380/20110615/egypt-brazil-military-regime-authoritarian-coup-prison-jail-7k-7000-trials.htm. Retrieved 2011-06-17.
- ^ Sabry, Mohannad (2011-06-13). "New Egypt? 7,000 civilians jailed since Mubarak fell - World Wires". MiamiHerald.com. http://www.miamiherald.com/2011/06/13/2265178/new-egypt-7000-civilians-jailed.html. Retrieved 2011-06-17.
Further reading[link]
- http://www.asafeworldforwomen.org/war-zones/pc-egypt/564-egypt-my-part-in-the-revolution-mona-seif.html
- http://womensvoicesforchange.org/tag/mona-seif
- http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/quiet-heroines-whose-courage-has-helped-keep-uprising-going-2205080.html
- http://blogs.aljazeera.net/category/person/mona-seif
- http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/meast/06/16/arab.unrest.irevolution/
- http://mrzine.monthlyreview.org/2011/hanna150611.html
- http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/467893
- http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/452285
- http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/features/2011/02/2011217134411934738.html
- http://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2011/02/02/18671000.php
- http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110209/jsp/foreign/story_13555988.jsp
- http://www.onthemedia.org/episodes/2011/04/15/segments/159143
- http://www.onthemedia.org/episodes/2011/02/04/segments/158939
- http://electronicintifada.net/content/egyptian-activist-mona-seif-its-revolution-and-its-not-over/9230
- http://videocafe.crooksandliars.com/scarce/mona-seif-egyptian-activist-inside-tahrir-s
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Mona Seif |
- Diaries under military rule, a blog about the experienced of detained protesters
- Mona Seif's blog Ma3t
- Mona Seif's flickr account
- Mona Seif's twitter account
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Seif, Mona |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | March 12, 1986 |
| Place of birth | Cairo, Egypt |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Mona_Seif
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mona_Seif
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
