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A territorial dispute is a disagreement over the possession/control of land between two or more states or over the possession or control of land by a new state and occupying power after it has conquered the land from a former state no longer currently recognized by the new state.

A map showing the disputed territory of Kashmir.

Context and definitions[link]

These disputes are often related to the possession of natural resources such as rivers, fertile farmland, mineral or oil resources although the disputes can also be driven by culture, religion and ethnic nationalism. Territorial disputes result often from vague and unclear language in a treaty that set up the original boundary.

Territorial disputes are a major cause of wars and terrorism as states often try to assert their sovereignty over a territory through invasion, and non-state entities try to influence the actions of politicians through terrorism. International law does not support the use of force by one state to annex the territory of another state. The UN Charter says: "All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations."

In some cases, where the boundary is not demarcated, such as Ladakh plateau, the Taiwan Strait, and Occupied Kashmir, both sides define a line of control that serves as international border de facto; but in the case of Kashmir, it is a temporary solution to the ongoing strife. Although these lines are often clearly demarcated, they do not have the legitimacy of an agreed international boundary.

• The term border dispute applies only to the many cases where a limit territory bordering more than one state (including an enclave in one state such as Nagorno Karabakh) is claimed by two or more, not the very existence of a whole state challenged (such as the Republic of China, which the People's Republic of China regards as a defunct and illegitimate entity, with its current jurisdiction of Taiwan claimed by the PRC as its 23rd province).
• Occupied territories in general are regions distinct from the recognized territory of a sovereign state but which it controls, especially with military forces. Even though a long-term occupation is generally maintained as a means to act upon a territorial claim, this is not a prerequisite as occupation may also be strategic (such as creating a buffer zone or a preventive move to prevent a rival power obtaining control) or a means of coercion (such as a punishment, to impose some internal measures or for use as a bargaining chip).
  • Since 1967, the term "occupied territories" has, in some contexts, come to refer specifically to the West Bank and Gaza Strip, whose status is hotly disputed.
• The term irredentism applies to those border disputes and other territorial claims that one party justifies on the basis of former cultural or ethnic attachment.

See also[link]

• List of territorial disputes
• Fait accompli
• Status quo ante bellum
• Thalweg

Sources and references[link]

• WorldStatesman – click on any state for the listing (after the chronological lists of statesmen) of Territorial Disputes it is party to
• Territorial disputes in CIA World Factbook
• USState Department/ FloridaStateUniversity International Border Studies

DJ Krush
Background information
Birth name	Hideaki Ishi (石 英明)
Born	(1962-07-29) July 29, 1962 (age 49)
Origin	Ibaraki, Japan
Genres	Instrumental hip hop, trip hop, hip hop, turntablism
Occupations	Producer, DJ
Instruments	Sequencer, turntable, sampler, mixer
Years active	1985–present
Labels	Mo' Wax
Website	www.sus81.jp/djkrush/# Official site

Hideaki Ishi (石 英明, Ishi Hideaki^?) (born 1962, Tokyo, Japan), better known as DJ Krush, is a producer and DJ. He is known for his atmospheric instrumental production which incorporates sound elements from nature and extensive use of jazz and soul samples.

Biography[link]

Ishi was born in 1962 in Tokyo. Ishi dropped out of school at an early age and joined a local gang, and a few years later, the yakuza. Early into his career as a yakuza underling, Ishi discovered a severed finger wrapped in paper on his desk. Later, after discovering that it had belonged to his best friend, he decided to leave the yakuza and cut ties with the criminal underworld.^[1]

In the early 1980s, Ishi went to the movies with his girlfriend and saw the film Wild Style, the first hip hop motion picture directed by Charlie Ahearn. He was inspired to become a hip hop musician, and made the firm decision to become a DJ. The day after seeing this movie, he headed to instrument shops looking for equipment. At this time the term "mixer" was unknown to most of Tokyo's electronic store salesmen. After a hard time buying the things he needed, Ishi started his career as one of the first hip hop artists in Japan.

Aside from being considered one of the pioneers of Japanese hip hop,^[2] Ishi has established himself as one of the most respected artists and producers in the hip hop industry, both in Japan and abroad. Upon entering the industry, Ishi, with his experimental beats and instrumental sounds, changed the face of hip-hop at a time when it was dominated by the American rap scene.^[3] He is reluctant to identify his music with any particular genre, for it would place limits on his listeners and on his talents. He has been regarded as ambient, trip hop, some combination of the two, and hip hop. DJ Krush prefers to exercise an ideological distance from the genres he is usually grouped into, while maintaining a healthy appreciation for all music forms and styles.^[4] In 1996, DJ Krush contributed to the AIDS benefit album Offbeat: A Red Hot Soundtrip produced by the Red Hot Organization.

Discography[link]

Albums[link]

• Krush (1994)
• Strictly Turntablized (1994)
• Meiso (1995)
• Ki-Oku (1996)
• MiLight (1997)
• Kakusei (1999)
• Zen (2001)
• The Message at the Depth (2002)
• Jaku (2004)

Singles[link]

On Mo'Wax

• Lost And Found / Kemuri 12" (With DJ Shadow, MW024)
• A Whim / 89.9 Megamix 12" (With DJ Shadow, MW033)
• Meiso 12" (MW042)
• Headz 2 Sampler 12" (With Zimbabwe Legit, MW052)
• Only The Strong Survive 12" (MW060)

^[5]

MONTHLY SINGLE SERIES:

• The 1st of the series “Koufu no Tsubasa – breathe of wings” 2011
• The 2nd of the series “Kuon – far and away” 2011
• The 3rd of the series “Shuya no Chiheisen - sleepless horizon” 2011
• The 4th of the series "Kaginote - phasic swing" 2011
• The 5th of the series "Kouro - optical path" (Available on Jan.25 2012)

^[6]

Remixes[link]

• Rebore Vol.3 Dj Krush Giga Mix A remix of the Boredoms
• L・O・V・E ’95 Dj Krush Mix A remix of Naniwaman

Mixtapes[link]

• Holonic-The Self Megamix (1997, Mo' Wax MW088)
• Code4109 (2000)

Compilations[link]

• ColdKrushCuts - DJ Krush + DJ Food + Coldcut (1997)
• Reload-The Remix Collection (2001)
• Stepping Stones - The Self Remixed Best: Lyricism (2006)
• Stepping Stones - The Self Remixed Best: Soundscapes (2006)
• OuMuPo 6 - (2007)

"Shin-Ki-Row" DJ Krush- Altered Beats: Assassin Knowledges Of The Remanipulated (Axiom) [1996]

Collaborations[link]

• Zap Mama, "Danger of Love" (2001)
• Bad Brothers (1994) (with Ronny Jordan)
• Ki-Oku (1996) (with Toshinori Kondo)
• Ryu (1999) (with DJ Hide & DJ Sak)
• "Sweetest Coma Again", Lunacy (2000) (with LUNA SEA)
• "Kiss", Lunacy (2000) (with LUNA SEA)
• Zero Landmine (2001) (with Ryuichi Sakamoto and others)
• Blue Fantasy DJ Krush Remix (2002) (with Tetsuya Komuro)
• 2007-2009 Bill Laswell presents Tokyo Rotation, session with Dj Krush on turntable Tokyo Rotation video
• 2009 Method of Defiance, DJ Krush playing live with Bill Laswell

DVD[link]

• Suimou Tsunenimasu (2007)/History of DJ Krush (US Title - 2007)

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• Nippop Profile |DJ Krush
• DJ Krush in Barcelona
• Suimou Tsunenimasu DVD set review
• Interview at britishhiphop.co.uk, Feb. 2008
• DJ Krush at IKRA club (Moscow), 2007
• DJ Krush at All Music