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Battle of Shiloh
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Century of Progress
A Century of Progress International Exposition was the name of a World's Fair held in Chicago, Illinois from 1933 to 1934 to celebrate the city's centennial. The theme of the fair was technological innovation. Its motto was "Science Finds, Industry Applies, Man Conforms" and its architectural symbol was the Sky Ride, a transporter bridge perpendicular to the shore on which one could ride from one side of the fair to the other.
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Chicago
Chicago ( or ) is the largest city in the state of Illinois. With over 2.8 million residents, it is the most populous city in the Midwestern United States and the third most populous city in the country. Its metropolitan area, commonly named "Chicagoland," is the 26th most populous in the world, home to an estimated 9.7 million people spread across the U.S. states of Illinois, Wisconsin, and Indiana. Chicago is the county seat of Cook County.
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Chicago beaches
The beaches in Chicago are an extensive network of waterfront recreational areas operated by the Chicago Park District. The Chicago Metropolitan waterfront includes parts of the Lake Michigan shores as well as parts of the banks of the Chicago, Des Plaines, Calumet, Fox, and DuPage Rivers and their tributaries. The waterfront also includes the Illinois and Michigan Canal and the Sanitary and Ship Canal. Historically, the waterfront has been used for commerce, industry, and leisure. Leisure, such as fishing, swimming, hunting, walking and boating, was much more prevalent throughout the river sections of the waterfront system in the early in the 19th century before industrial uses altered the landscape. By midcentury, much leisure shifted to Lake Michigan as a result of industrial influence. The first City of Chicago Public Beach opened in Lincoln Park in 1895. Today, the entire Chicago lakefront shoreline is man-made. There are thirty-three beaches in Chicago along the shores of freshwater Lake Michigan.
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Cleveland, Ohio
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Evanston, Illinois
Evanston, Illinois is a suburban municipality in Cook County, Illinois 10 miles north of downtown Chicago, bordering Chicago to the south, Skokie to the west, and Wilmette to the north, with an estimated population of 74,360 as of 2003. It is one of the North Shore communities that adjoin Lake Michigan. The boundaries of the city of Evanston are coterminous with those of Evanston Township, according to state and municipal charters. Evanston is the home of Northwestern University.
http://wn.com/Evanston_Illinois -
Great Chicago Fire
The Great Chicago Fire was a conflagration that burned from Sunday, October 8, to early Tuesday, October 10, 1871, killing hundreds and destroying about in Chicago, Illinois. Though the fire was one of the largest U.S. disasters of the 19th century, the rebuilding that began almost immediately spurred Chicago's development into one of the most populous and economically important American cities.
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Illinois
Illinois ( {{respell|-i-), is the fifth-most populous state of the United States of America, and is often noted for being a microcosm of the entire country. It is the most populous state in the Midwest region, however with 65% of its residents concentrated in the Chicago metropolitan area, most of the state has either a rural or a small town character. With Chicago in the northeast, small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and western Illinois, and natural resources like coal, timber, and petroleum in the south, Illinois has a broad economic base. Illinois is an important transportation hub; the Port of Chicago connects the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River via the Illinois River. As the "most average state", Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether both in social and cultural terms and politics, though the latter has not really been true since the early 1970s.
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United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
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WGN-TV
WGN-TV, virtual channel 9 (digital channel 19), is a television station in Chicago, Illinois. It has been owned by the Tribune Company since its inception, and is an affiliate of The CW Television Network. WGN-TV's studios and offices are located at 2501 W. Bradley Place in the North Center neighborhood of Chicago, and the station's transmitter is located atop the Willis Tower (formerly the Sears Tower).
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White House
The White House is the official residence and principal workplace of the President of the United States. Located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D.C., the house was designed by Irish-born James Hoban, and built between 1792 and 1800 of white-painted Aquia sandstone in the Neoclassical style. It has been the residence of every U.S. President since John Adams. When Thomas Jefferson moved into the house in 1801, he (with architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe) expanded the building outward, creating two colonnades that were meant to conceal stables and storage.
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Abraham Lincoln
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Alfred Cowles, Sr.
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America Online
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Amy Dickinson
Amy Dickinson (born November 6, 1959) is an American newspaper columnist who writes the syndicated advice column, Ask Amy.
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Andrés Oppenheimer
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Andy Rooney
Andrew Aitken "Andy" Rooney (born January 14, 1919) is an American radio and television writer. He is most notable for his weekly broadcast "A Few Minutes with Andy Rooney", a part of the CBS News program 60 Minutes since 1978.
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Ann Landers
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Ann Marie Lipinski
Ann Marie Lipinski (born January 1956) is a Chicago journalist and the former editor of the Chicago Tribune. She currently is the Vice President for Civic Engagement at the University of Chicago. She also currently sits on the advisory board of the Chicago News Cooperative.
http://wn.com/Ann_Marie_Lipinski -
Arch Ward
Arch Ward (December 27, 1896 – July 9, 1955) was the sports editor for the Chicago Tribune and personal friend of the owner, Robert R. McCormick. He created the MLB All-Star Game, the All-America Football Conference (AAFC), the Golden Gloves amateur boxing tournament and the College All-Star Game. Ward was twice offered the job as commissioner of the National Football League. He later feuded with the owners of the league and started the AAFC. He was involved in conservative political causes and as well as the hierarchy of the Catholic Church. Ward was considered a dynamo with powerful contacts in American politics, church matters and journalism. In 1990, Thomas B. Littlewood wrote a biography of Arch titled "Arch: A Promoter Not a Poet- The Story of Arch Ward" (Iowa State University Press. Ames, Iowa. 1990)
http://wn.com/Arch_Ward -
Arianna Huffington
Arianna Huffington (born Arianna Stassinopoulos on July 15, 1950) is a Greek-American author and syndicated columnist. She is best known as co-founder of the news website The Huffington Post. A popular conservative commentator in the mid-1990s, she moved sharply to the left in the late 1990s. She is the ex-wife of former Republican congressman Michael Huffington.
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Barack Obama
Barack Hussein Obama II (; born August 4, 1961) is the 44th and current President of the United States. He is the first African American to hold the office. Obama previously served as a United States Senator from Illinois, from January 2005 until he resigned after his election to the presidency in November 2008.
http://wn.com/Barack_Obama -
Baz Luhrmann
Mark Anthony "Baz" Luhrmann (; born 17 September 1962) is an Australian film director, screenwriter, and producer best known for The Red Curtain Trilogy, which includes his films Strictly Ballroom, ''William Shakespeare's Romeo + Juliet and Moulin Rouge. In 2008, he released his film Australia'', starring Hugh Jackman and Nicole Kidman.
http://wn.com/Baz_Luhrmann -
Betsy Holden
Betsy Holden (born October 19, 1955) is a corporate director of Tribune Company. Holden served as Co-CEO of Kraft Foods from 2001-2004 . She is a senior advisor to McKinsey & Company. Holden received her A.B. from Duke University in 1977, and an M.Ed and an MBA from Northwestern University in 1982. She was born in 1955 in Lubbock, TX and grew up in Washington, Pennsylvania.
http://wn.com/Betsy_Holden -
Bill Press
William "Bill" Press (born 1940) is an American talk radio host, political commentator and author.
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Billy Graham
William Franklin "Billy" Graham, Jr. KBE (born November 7, 1918) is an American evangelical Christian evangelist. As of April 25, 2010, when he met with Barack Obama, he has been a spiritual adviser to twelve United States presidents going back to Harry S. Truman, and is number seven on Gallup's list of admired people for the 20th century. He is a Southern Baptist. He rose to celebrity status as his sermons were broadcast on radio and television.
http://wn.com/Billy_Graham -
Bob Greene
Robert Bernard Greene, Jr. was an award winning columnist for the Chicago Tribune newspaper, where he worked for 24 years. Greene has written books on subjects varying from Michael Jordan, to small towns, to U.S. presidents. His Hang Time: Days and Dreams with Michael Jordan became a bestseller. Greene has two children, Nick and Amanda, from a 31-year marriage with Susan Koebel Greene.
http://wn.com/Bob_Greene -
Bob Sirott
Robert "Bob" Sirott (born August 9, 1949), is a Chicago broadcaster who currently is one of the two principal news anchors at WFLD-TV in Chicago and is a radio host at WGN-AM.
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Carl Hiaasen
Carl Hiaasen () (born March 12, 1953) is an American journalist, columnist and novelist.
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Charles Goren
Charles Henry Goren (March 4, 1901 – April 3, 1991) was a world champion American bridge player and bestselling author who contributed significantly to the development and popularization of the game.
http://wn.com/Charles_Goren -
Charles Madigan
Charles Madigan (born August 23, 1949) is the Presidential Writer in Residence at Roosevelt University in Chicago, teaching classes focused on journalism and politics in the university's Department of Communication.
http://wn.com/Charles_Madigan -
Chelsea Clinton
Chelsea Victoria Clinton (born February 27, 1980) is the only child of former U.S. President Bill Clinton and U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton.
http://wn.com/Chelsea_Clinton -
Chiang Kai-shek
http://wn.com/Chiang_Kai-shek -
Clarence Page
Clarence Page (born 2 June 1947) is an American journalist, syndicated columnist, and senior member of The Chicago Tribune editorial board.
http://wn.com/Clarence_Page -
Cornelia Grumman
Cornelia Grumman, a Pulitzer Prize winning journalist, is the Executive Director of the First Five Years Fund (FFYF - http://ffyf.org/). The First Five Years Fund is an education initiative committed to improving the lives of at-risk children by leveraging cost-effective investments in early learning. A project of the Ounce of Prevention Fund (http://www.ounceofprevention.org/), FFYF is supported by five major family foundations: the Buffett Early Childhood Fund, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Irving Harris Foundation, the George Kaiser Family Foundation, and the Children's Initiative, a project of the J.B. and M.K. Pritzker Family Foundation. [1]
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Dan Wasserman
Dan Wasserman is an American political cartoonist for The Boston Globe.
http://wn.com/Dan_Wasserman -
Dana Summers
Dana Summers is an American editorial cartoonist and comic strip creator for Tribune Media Services. His editorial cartoons are published in the Orlando Sentinel, usually entertaining a conservative opinion. He also created the Bound and Gagged comic strip, and co-writes The Middletons with Ralph Dunagin.
http://wn.com/Dana_Summers -
Dave Barry
David "Dave" Barry (born July 3, 1947) is a Pulitzer Prize-winning American author and columnist, who wrote a nationally syndicated humor column for The Miami Herald from 1983 to 2005. He has also written numerous books of humor and parody, as well as comedic novels.
http://wn.com/Dave_Barry -
Dave Kehr
Dave Kehr (b. c. 1950) is an American film critic in the United States. A critic at the Chicago Reader and the Chicago Tribune for many years, he writes a weekly column for The New York Times on DVD releases, in addition to contributing occasional pieces on individual films or filmmakers.
http://wn.com/Dave_Kehr -
David Haugh
David Haugh (born May 22, 1968) is an award-winning sports writer with the Chicago Tribune. He began his career at the South Bend Tribune in Indiana, working there for nearly a decade before joining the Chicago Tribune as the paper's Chicago Bears beat writer. Currently, he is one of the Tribune sports section's sports "takeout" writers, taking on a variety of assignments.
http://wn.com/David_Haugh -
Diane Farr
Diane Farr (born September 7, 1969 in New York City, New York) is an American actress. She is known for her role as FBI agent Megan Reeves in the CBS television series Numb3rs.
http://wn.com/Diane_Farr -
Dick Locher
Richard Earl Locher (born June 4, 1929), better known as Dick Locher, is a nationally syndicated cartoonist.
http://wn.com/Dick_Locher -
Drew Sheneman
Drew Sheneman (c. 1975) is an American editorial cartoonist. His work, which has appeared in The Star-Ledger of Newark, New Jersey, since 1998, is nationally syndicated by Tribune Media Services.
http://wn.com/Drew_Sheneman -
Ed Wilson
Ed Wilson is an American media executive. He is formerly President of Chicago-based Tribune Broadcasting and also served as Chief Revenue Officer of Tribune Company.
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Edwin Cowles
http://wn.com/Edwin_Cowles -
Evan Osnos
Evan Osnos () is an American reporter for The New Yorker, based in Beijing, China.
http://wn.com/Evan_Osnos -
Garrison Keillor
Gary Edward "Garrison" Keillor (born August 7, 1942) is an American author, storyteller, humorist, and radio personality. He is known as host of the Minnesota Public Radio show A Prairie Home Companion (also known as ''Garrison Keillor's Radio Show'' on United Kingdom's BBC 7, as well as on RTE in Ireland , Australia's ABC and Radio New Zealand National in New Zealand).
http://wn.com/Garrison_Keillor -
Gene Siskel
http://wn.com/Gene_Siskel -
George Ryan
George Homer Ryan (born February 24, 1934, in Maquoketa, Iowa) was the 39th Governor of the U.S. state of Illinois from 1999 until 2003. He was a member of the Republican Party. Although Ryan became nationally known when he "raised the national debate on capital punishment" by issuing a moratorium on executions in 2000, his 35-year political career was tarnished by scandal. Investigations into widespread corruption during his administration led to his retirement from politics in 2003 and federal corruption convictions in 2006. Ryan entered federal prison on November 7, 2007, to begin serving a sentence of six years and six months. As of December 10, 2008, he is housed at the satellite prison camp adjacent to the Federal Correctional Institution in Terre Haute, Indiana.
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George W. Bush
George Walker Bush (; born July 6, 1946, in New Haven, Connecticut) was the 43rd President of the United States, serving from 2001 to 2009, and the 46th Governor of Texas, serving from 1995 to 2000.
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Harlan Collins
Paul Harlan Collins, more often known as Harlan Collins, is a composer, arranger, musician, and writer. His daily feature, "Today's Chuckle", which was started by his father Tom in 1948, is the most widely syndicated front page feature in the world.
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Harry S. Truman
http://wn.com/Harry_S_Truman -
Henry Kissinger
Henry Alfred Kissinger (; born May 27, 1923) is a German-born American political scientist, diplomat, and recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize. He served as National Security Advisor and later concurrently as Secretary of State in the administrations of Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. After his term, his opinion was still sought out by many following presidents.
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Ian Bremmer
Ian Bremmer (born November 12, 1969) is an American political scientist specializing in US foreign policy, states in transition, and global political risk. He is the president and founder of Eurasia Group, a leading global political risk research and consulting firm. Eurasia Group provides financial, corporate, and government clients with information and insight on how political developments move markets. Bremmer is of Armenian and German descent.
http://wn.com/Ian_Bremmer -
J. Joseph Ricketts
J. Joseph Ricketts is the founder, former CEO and former chairman of TD Ameritrade, the largest online discount brokerage in the world, based in Omaha, Nebraska.
http://wn.com/J_Joseph_Ricketts -
Jack Ohman
Jack Ohman (born September 1, 1960) is an American editorial cartoonist based in Portland, Oregon. He has been The Oregonians cartoonist since 1983 and his work is syndicated nationwide to over 300 newspapers by Tribune Media Services.
http://wn.com/Jack_Ohman -
Jay Mariotti
Jay Mariotti (; born June 22, 1959) is a former national columnist for Fanhouse.com and has done work as a panelist on the ESPN talk show Around the Horn.
http://wn.com/Jay_Mariotti -
Jeff MacNelly
http://wn.com/Jeff_MacNelly -
Jen Lancaster
Jennifer ("Jen") Lancaster (born November, 1967) is an author of five published books: Bitter is the New Black; Bright Lights, Big Ass; Such A Pretty Fat; Pretty in Plaid; and My Fair Lazy.
http://wn.com/Jen_Lancaster -
Jesse Jackson
Jesse Louis Jackson, Sr. (born October 8, 1941) is an American civil rights activist and Baptist minister. He was a candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1984 and 1988 and served as shadow senator for the District of Columbia from 1991 to 1997. He was the founder of both entities that merged to form Rainbow/PUSH. Representative Jesse Jackson, Jr. is his eldest son. In an AP-AOL "Black Voices" poll in February 2006, Jackson was voted "the most important black leader" with 15% of the vote.
http://wn.com/Jesse_Jackson -
John Crewdson
http://wn.com/John_Crewdson -
John D. McCormick
John McCormick is a Bloomberg News reporter based in Chicago. He followed Barack Obama's presidential bid from its start in February 2007 and traveled with the candidate to nearly 40 states while working for the Chicago Tribune.
http://wn.com/John_D_McCormick -
John Mead Howells
John Mead Howells (August 14, 1868 – September 22, 1959) was an American architect. Born in Cambridge, Massachusetts as the son of author William Dean Howells, he studied architecture at Harvard and the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris, where he met his future partners, I. N. Phelps Stokes and Raymond Hood. In 1897 Howells founded, with the former, Howells & Stokes, with which he helped design St. Paul's Chapel at Columbia University. The two went their separate ways, however, after 1913, with Howells choosing to pursue commercial projects and eventually partnering with Raymond Hood, with whom Howells designed the Beekman Tower and the Daily News Building in New York City as well as the Tribune Tower in Chicago.
http://wn.com/John_Mead_Howells -
Jonah Goldberg
Jonah Jacob Goldberg (born March 21, 1969) is an American conservative syndicated columnist and author. Goldberg is known for his contributions on politics and culture to National Review Online, where he is editor-at-large. He is the author of Liberal Fascism (2008), which reached #1 on the New York Times Best Seller list.
http://wn.com/Jonah_Goldberg -
Joseph McCarthy
Joseph Raymond McCarthy (November 14, 1908 – May 2, 1957) was an American politician who served as a Republican U.S. Senator from the state of Wisconsin from 1947 until his death in 1957. Beginning in 1950, McCarthy became the most visible public face of a period in which Cold War tensions fueled fears of widespread Communist subversion.
http://wn.com/Joseph_McCarthy -
Joseph Medill
Joseph Medill (April 6, 1823March 16, 1899) was an American newspaper editor and publisher, and politician. He was co-owner and managing editor of the Chicago Tribune, and was mayor of Chicago, Illinois.
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Joseph Patterson
http://wn.com/Joseph_Patterson -
Jules Witcover
Jules Joseph Witcover (born July 16, 1927) is an American journalist, author, and columnist.
http://wn.com/Jules_Witcover -
Julia Keller
Julia Keller is an American writer. She won the 2005 Pulitzer Prize for Feature Writing for her account of the deadly April 2004 Utica, Illinois tornado outbreak, which was published in the Chicago Tribune, where Keller works as cultural critic. The newspaper has won many Pulitzer Prizes, but Keller's award was the first -- and thus far, the only -- time that the Tribune has won a Pulitzer in the feature writing category.
http://wn.com/Julia_Keller -
Julia Ward Howe
Julia Ward Howe (May 27, 1819 – October 17, 1910) was a prominent American abolitionist, social activist, and poet most famous as the author of "The Battle Hymn of the Republic".
http://wn.com/Julia_Ward_Howe -
Leonard Pitts
Leonard Pitts, Jr. is an American commentator, journalist and novelist. He is a nationally-syndicated columnist and winner of the 2004 Pulitzer Prize for Commentary. He was originally hired by the Miami Herald to critique music, but within a few years he received his own column in which he dealt extensively with race, politics, and culture. He lives in Bowie, Maryland. He has won awards for his writing from the Society of Professional Journalists and the American Society of Newspaper Editors, and was first nominated for the Pulitzer Prize in 1993, eventually claiming the honor in 2004.
http://wn.com/Leonard_Pitts -
Levi Boone
http://wn.com/Levi_Boone -
Mayor of Chicago
The Mayor of Chicago is the Chief executive of Chicago, Illinois, the third largest city in the United States. He or she is charged with directing city departments and agencies, and with the advice and consent of the Chicago City Council, appoints department and agency leaders.
http://wn.com/Mayor_of_Chicago -
Melissa Bean
Melissa Luburich Bean (born on January 22, 1962) is an American politician and has been a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives since 2004, representing . The district includes most of Chicago's northwestern suburbs, such as Hoffman Estates, Arlington Heights, Schaumburg, Gurnee, Palatine, Mundelein, Zion, Barrington, McHenry, and Woodstock.
http://wn.com/Melissa_Bean -
Michael Holley
Michael Holley is an American television and radio sports commentator, sports reporter and author. He formerly wrote columns for the Boston Globe, Chicago Tribune, Cleveland Plain Dealer, and Akron Beacon Journal.
http://wn.com/Michael_Holley -
Michael Showalter
Michael English Showalter (born June 17, 1970) is an American comedian, actor, writer, and director. He is one third of the sketch comedy trio Stella. Showalter first came to recognition as a cast member on MTV's The State, which aired from 1993 to 1995. He co-wrote (with David Wain) and starred in Wet Hot American Summer (2001) and he wrote, directed, and starred in The Baxter (2005), with Michelle Williams, Justin Theroux and Elizabeth Banks. Both of these movies featured many of his co-stars from The State, and so do several of his other projects. His current project is Michael & Michael Have Issues with Michael Ian Black.
http://wn.com/Michael_Showalter -
Mike Downey
Mike Downey (born August 9, 1951 in Chicago Heights, Illinois) is an American newspaper columnist.
http://wn.com/Mike_Downey -
Mike Royko
Michael "Mike" Royko (September 19, 1932 – April 29, 1997) was a newspaper columnist in Chicago, Illinois, who won the 1972 Pulitzer Prize for commentary. Over his thirty year career, he wrote over 7,500 daily columns for three newspapers, the Chicago Daily News, the Chicago Sun-Times, and the Chicago Tribune.
http://wn.com/Mike_Royko -
Mitch Albom
Mitchel David "Mitch" Albom (born May 23, 1958) is an American best-selling author, journalist, screenwriter, dramatist, radio and television broadcaster and musician. His books have sold over 28 million copies worldwide. Having achieved national recognition for his sports writing in the earlier part of his career, he is perhaps best known now for the inspirational stories and themes that weave through his books, plays and films. He is also well-known for his philanthropic work in Detroit, Michigan where he founded four charities.
http://wn.com/Mitch_Albom -
Paul Conrad
http://wn.com/Paul_Conrad -
Paul Kennedy
Paul Michael Kennedy CBE, FBA (born 1945), is a British historian specialising in international relations and grand strategy. He has published prominent books on the history of British foreign policy and Great Power struggles.
http://wn.com/Paul_Kennedy -
Paul Salopek
Paul Salopek (born February 9, 1962 in Barstow, California) is a two-time Pulitzer Prize winning writer. Salopek was raised in central Mexico.
http://wn.com/Paul_Salopek -
Philip Crane
http://wn.com/Philip_Crane -
Randy Michaels
Randy Michaels (born Benjamin Homel) is an American broadcasting executive who is the Chief Executive Officer of the Tribune Company and a member of the National Association of Broadcasters TV Board.
http://wn.com/Randy_Michaels -
Raymond Hood
http://wn.com/Raymond_Hood -
RedEye
The RedEye is a daily publication put out by the Chicago Tribune geared toward 18 to 34-year-olds. RedEye (not to be confused with Red Eye, or Red-Eye, or other popular international websites and business sharing the same name) was created due in part to the loss of readership among young people of the Chicago Tribune and other major newspapers. Tribune Company began publishing the RedEye in an effort to pull readers back into readership and eventually migrate them into the big edition (Tribune).
http://wn.com/RedEye -
Richard J. Daley
Richard Joseph Daley (May 15, 1902 – December 20, 1976) served for 21 years as the mayor and undisputed Democratic boss of Chicago and is considered by historians to be the "last of the big city bosses." He played a major role in the history of the Democratic Party, especially with his support of John F. Kennedy in 1960 and of Hubert Humphrey in 1968.
http://wn.com/Richard_J_Daley -
Richard Nixon
Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994) was the 37th President of the United States from 1969 to 1974, having formerly been the 36th Vice President of the United States from 1953 to 1961. A member of the Republican Party, he was the only President to resign the office as well as the only person to be elected twice to both the Presidency and the Vice Presidency.
http://wn.com/Richard_Nixon -
Rick Kogan
Rick Kogan (born September 13, 1951) is a Chicago newspaperman, a Chicago radio personality and a noted author.
http://wn.com/Rick_Kogan -
Ring Lardner
http://wn.com/Ring_Lardner -
Robert Maxwell
http://wn.com/Robert_Maxwell -
Robert Pagliarini
Robert Pagliarini is the president of Pacifica Wealth Advisors, a certified financial planner, and a #1 best-selling author.
http://wn.com/Robert_Pagliarini -
Robert R. McCormick
Robert Rutherford "Colonel" McCormick (July 30, 1880 – April 1, 1955) was a Chicago newspaper baron and owner of the Chicago Tribune. A leading non-interventionist, an opponent of American entry into World War II and of the increase in Federal power brought about by the New Deal, he continued to champion a traditionalist course long after his positions had been eclipsed in the mainstream.
http://wn.com/Robert_R_McCormick -
Rod Blagojevich
http://wn.com/Rod_Blagojevich -
Roger Ebert
Roger Joseph Ebert (; born June 18, 1942) is an American film critic and screenwriter. Forbes has described him as "the most powerful pundit in America".
http://wn.com/Roger_Ebert -
Scott Stantis
Scott Brian Stantis (born May 2, 1959, in San Diego, California) is an American editorial cartoonist.
http://wn.com/Scott_Stantis -
Skip Bayless
Skip Bayless (born John Edward Bayless II on December 4, 1951 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma) is an American journalist on ESPN2's ESPN First Take and its afternoon show 1st and 10. Bayless previously wrote regular columns for ESPN.com and its "Page 2" section.
http://wn.com/Skip_Bayless -
Steve Chapman
Professor Stephen Kenneth Chapman FRSE FRSC CChem PhD (born 1959) is Principal and Vice-Chancellor of Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh.
http://wn.com/Steve_Chapman -
Theodore Roosevelt
http://wn.com/Theodore_Roosevelt -
Thomas Dewey
http://wn.com/Thomas_Dewey -
Todd Stroger
Todd H. Stroger (born January 14, 1963) is the current president of the Cook County, Illinois Board and former alderman for the 8th Ward in Chicago. Stroger is a member of the Democratic Party. In 2001, he was appointed to the Chicago City Council by Richard M. Daley. He is the son of the late John Stroger who served as Cook County Board president for 12 years.
http://wn.com/Todd_Stroger -
Tony Rezko
Antoin "Tony" Rezko (born July 1955) is a political fundraiser, restaurateur, and real estate developer in Chicago, Illinois, convicted on several counts of fraud and bribery in 2008. Rezko has been involved in fundraising for local Illinois Democratic and Republican politicians since the 1980s. After becoming a major contributor to Rod Blagojevich's successful gubernatorial election, Rezko assisted Blagojevich in setting up the state's first Democratic administration in twenty years. Rezko was able to have business associates appointed onto several state boards. Rezko and several others were indicted on federal charges in October 2006, for using their connections to the state boards to demand kickbacks from businesses that wanted to do business with the state. While the others pleaded guilty to the charges, Rezko pleaded not guilty and was found guilty of 16 of the 24 charges filed against him.
http://wn.com/Tony_Rezko -
Victor Davis Hanson
Victor Davis Hanson (born 1953) is an American military historian, columnist, political essayist and former classics professor, notable as a scholar of ancient warfare. He has been a commentator on modern warfare and contemporary politics for National Review and other media outlets, and was a strong supporter of the policies of US President George W. Bush. He was for many years a professor of classics at California State University, Fresno, and is currently the Martin and Illie Anderson Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution.
http://wn.com/Victor_Davis_Hanson -
Walt Handelsman
Walt Handelsman (born December 3, 1956 in Baltimore, Maryland) is an editorial cartoonist for Newsday. He joined the paper in February 2001.
http://wn.com/Walt_Handelsman -
William Howard Taft
http://wn.com/William_Howard_Taft -
William Pfaff
William Pfaff (born in December 1928) is an American author, op-ed columnist for the International Herald Tribune and frequent contributor to The New York Review of Books. He was born in Council Bluffs, Iowa, and is of German, English, and Irish origin. He currently resides in Paris.
http://wn.com/William_Pfaff -
Wolfgang Puck
Wolfgang Johannes Puck (born Wolfgang Johannes Topfschnig on July 8, 1949) is an Austrian-American celebrity chef, restaurateur, and businessman based in Los Angeles. Wolfgang Puck restaurants, catering services, cookbooks and licensed products are run by Wolfgang Puck Companies, with three divisions.
http://wn.com/Wolfgang_Puck
RELEASE
ALBUMS
- Wonderful Christmas Time (feat. Dolly Parton)
- Rockin' Around the Christmas Tree
- I Saw Three Ships (feat. America)
- Merry Christmas, Happy Holidays
- What Are You Doing New Years Eve?
- It's the Most Wonderful Time of the Year
- I'll Be Home for Christmas
- On the Last Night of the Year
- Merry Christmas Darling (feat. Bebe Winans)
- Rockin' and Rollin' on Christmas Day (feat. Steve Cropper)
- My Favorite Things
- O Christmas Tree
- Jingle Bells
- Here Comes Santa Claus / Joy to the World
- 25 or 6 to 4
- Questions 67 and 68
- Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?
- Make Me Smile
- Beginnings
- Lowdown
- Color My World
- I'm a Man
- Saturday in the Park
- Feelin' Stronger Every Day
- Niagara Falls
- Forever
- If She Would Have Been Faithful...
- 25 or 6 to 4
- Will You Still Love Me?
- Over and Over
- It's Alright
- Nothin's Gonna Stop Us Now
- I Believe
- One More Day
- Questions 67 & 68
- 25 or 6 to 4
- Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?
- Make Me Smile
- Beginnings
- Colour My World
- Saturday in the Park
- Feelin' Stronger Every Day
- Just You 'n' Me
- (I've Been) Searchin' So Long
- Call On Me
- Wishing You Were Here
- Old Days
- Another Rainy Day in New York City
- If You Leave Me Now
- Feel (Hot single mix)
- King of Might Have Been
- Caroline
- Why Can't We
- Love Will Come Back
- Long Lost Friend
- 90 Degrees and Freezing
- Where Were You
- Already Gone
- Come to Me, Do
- Lovin' Chains
- Better
- Feel (The Horn Section mix)
- What You're Missing
- Waiting for You to Decide
- Bad Advice
- Chains
- Hard to Say I'm Sorry / Get Away
- Follow Me
- Sonny Think Twice
- What Can I Say
- Rescue You
- Love Me Tomorrow
- Daddy's Favorite Fool
- You're the Inspiration
- If You Leave Me Now (live, 2004) (feat. Philip Bailey)
- Hard to Say I'm Sorry / Get Away
- Here in My Heart
- Call on Me
- Colour My World
- Just You 'n' Me
- After the Love Has Gone (live, 2004) (feat. Earth, Wind & Fire)
- Hard Habit to Break
- Look Away
- Beginnings
- Happy Man
- Will You Still Love Me?
- No Tell Lover
- I Don't Wanna Live Without Your Love
- Never Been in Love Before
- What Kind of Man Would I Be?
- Wishing You Were Here
- 25 or 6 to 4
- Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?
- Colour My World
- Just You 'n' Me
- Saturday in the Park
- Feelin' Stronger Every Day
- Make Me Smile
- Wishing You Were Here
- Call on Me
- (I've Been) Searchin' So Long
- Beginnings
- In the Country
- Fancy Colours
- Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is (Free Form Intro)
- Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?
- South California Purples
- Questions 67 and 68
- Sing a Mean Tune Kid
- Beginnings
- Movin' In
- The Road
- Poem for the People
- In the Country
- Wake Up Sunshine
- Make Me Smile
- So Much to Say, So Much to Give
- Anxiety's Moment
- West Virginia Fantasies
- Colour My World
- To Be Free
- Now More Than Ever
- Fancy Colours
- 25 or 6 to 4
- Prelude
- A.M. Mourning
- P.M. Mourning
- Memories of Love
- It Better End Soon (1st Movement)
- It Better End Soon (2nd Movement)
- It Better End Soon (3rd Movement)
- It Better End Soon (4th Movement)
- Where Do We Go From Here
- Introduction
- Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?
- Beginnings
- Questions 67 and 68
- Listen
- South California Purples
- I'm a Man
- Movin' In
- Wake Up Sunshine
- Ballet for a Girl in Buchannon
- Colour My World
- To Be Free/Now More Than Ever
- Fancy Colours
- 25 or 6 to 4
- Poem for the People
- It Better End Soon Movements 1, 3, 4
- Once or Twice
- You Are on My Mind
- Skin Tight
- If You Leave Me Now
- Together Again
- Another Rainy Day in New York City
- Mama Mama
- Scrapbook
- Gently I'll Wake You
- You Get It Up
- Hope for Love
- I'd Rather Be Rich (original version/rehearsal)
- Your Love's an Attitude
- A Hit by Varèse
- All Is Well
- Now That You've Gone
- Dialogue (Part I)
- Dialogue (Part II)
- While the City Sleeps
- Saturday in the Park
- State of the Union
- Goodbye
- Alma Mater
- Dialogue (live)
- Winter Wonderland
- Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!
- Jolly Old St. Nicholas
- Little Drummer Boy
- This Christmas
- Feliz Navidad
- Bethlehem
- The Christmas Song
- O Come All Ye Faithful
- Rudolph, The Red-Nosed Reindeer
- Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas
- Sleigh Ride
- Silent Night
- What Child Is This?
- Christmas Time is Here
- God Rest Ye Merry, Gentlemen
- Santa Claus Is Coming to Town
- Child's Prayer
- One Little Candle
- White Christmas
- Mississippi Delta City Blues
- Baby, What a Big Surprise
- 'Till the End of Time
- Policeman
- Take Me Back to Chicago
- Vote for Me
- Takin' It on Uptown
- This Time
- The Inner Stuggles of a Man
- Prelude (Little One)
- Little One
- Wish I Could Fly (rehearsal)
- Paris (rehearsal)
- Manipulation
- Upon Arrival
- Song for You
- Where Did the Lovin' Go
- Birthday Boy
- Hold On
- Overnight Cafe
- Thunder and Lightning
- I'd Rather Be Rich
- The American Dream
- Doin' Business
- Live It Up
- Soldier of Fortune
- Alive Again
- The Greatest Love on Earth
- Little Miss Lovin'
- Hot Streets
- Take a Chance
- Gone Long Gone
- Ain't It Time
- Love Was New
- No Tell Lover
- Show Me the Way
- Love Was New (alternate vocal)
- Sing a Mean Tune Kid
- Loneliness Is Just a Word
- What Else Can I Say
- I Don't Want Your Money
- Flight 602
- Motorboat to Mars
- Free
- Free Country
- At the Sunrise
- Happy 'Cause I'm Going Home
- Mother
- Lowdown
- A Hard Risin' Morning Without Breakfast
- Off to Work
- Fallin' Out
- Dreamin' Home
- Morning Blues Again
- When All the Laughter Dies in Sorrow
- Canon
- Once Upon a Time...
- Progress?
- The Approaching Storm
- Man Vs. Man: The End
- If You Leave Me Now
- Hard to Say I'm Sorry
- You're the Inspiration
- I Don't Wanna Live Without Your Love
- Baby, What a Big Surprise
- Hard Habit to Break
- Will You Still Love Me?
- What Kind of Man Would I Be?
- Look Away
- Love Me Tomorrow
- Along Comes a Woman
- Stay the Night
- You Come to My Senses
- I'm a Man
- You're Not Alone
- Take Me Back to Chicago
- 25 or 6 to 4
- Saturday in the Park
- Colour My World
- Make Me Smile (new edit)
- 25 or 6 to 4
- Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is? (new edit)
- Beginnings
- Questions 67 and 68
- I'm a Man (new edit)
- Colour My World
- Free
- Lowdown
- Saturday in the Park
- Dialogue (Part I & II) (single version)
- Just You 'n' Me
- Feelin' Stronger Every Day
- (I've Been) Searchin' So Long
- Wishing You Were Here
- Call on Me
- Happy Man (GH2 edit)
- Another Rainy Day in New York City
- If You Leave Me Now
- If You Leave Me Now
- Hard to Say I'm Sorry
- You're the Inspiration
- Hard Habit to Break
- Will You Still Love Me?
- Baby, What a Big Surprise
- Look Away
- What Kind of Man Would I Be?
- I Don't Wanna Live Without Your Love
- Love Me Tomorrow
- Just You 'n' Me
- Happy Man
- You're Not Alone
- Chasin' the Wind
- Wishing You Were Here
- No Tell Lover
- (I've Been) Searchin' So Long
- Colour My World
- You Come to My Senses
- We Can Last Forever
- Prelude to Aire
- Aire
- Devil's Sweet
- Italian From New York
- Hanky Panky
- Life Saver
- Happy Man
- (I've Been) Searchin' So Long
- Mongonucleosis
- Song of the Evergreens
- Byblos
- Wishing You Were Here
- Call on Me
- Woman Don't Want to Love Me
- Skinny Boy
- Byblos (rehearsal)
- If You Leave Me Now
- Baby, What a Big Surprise
- Saturday in the Park
- Wishing You Were Here
- 25 or 6 to 4
- I'm a Man
- Feelin' Stronger Every Day
- Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?
- Street Player
- Low Down
- Take Me Back to Chicago
- Make Me Smile
- Beginnings
- I've Been Searchin' So Long
- Questions 67 & 68
- The Ballet
- (I've Been) Searchin' So Long
- Mongonucleosis
- Hard Habit to Break
- Call on Me
- Feelin' Stronger Every Day
- Just You 'N' Me
- Beginnings
- Hard to Say I'm Sorry / Get Away
- 25 or 6 to 4
- Back to You
- If I Should Ever Lose You
- (Your Love Keeps Lifting Me) Higher and Higher
- 25 or 6 to 4
- Feelin' Stronger Every Day
- If You Leave Me Now
- Take Me Back to Chicago
- Love Me Tomorrow
- Baby What a Big Surprise
- Stay the Night
- You're the Inspiration
- Hard to Say I'm Sorry
- Wishing You Were Here
- (I've Been) Searchin' So Long
- Colour My World
- Little Drummer Boy
- God Rest Ye Merry, Gentlemen
- Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas
- The Christmas Song
- O Come All Ye Faithful
- Child's Prayer
- Feliz Navidad
- Santa Claus Is Coming to Town
- Christmas Time Is Here
- Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!
- What Child Is This
- White Christmas
- Silent Night
- One Little Candle
- Dialogue (Part 1 & 2)
- Old Days
- All Roads Lead to You
- Love Me Tomorrow
- Baby, What a Big Surprise
- You're Not Alone
- What Kind of Man Would I Be
- No Tell Lover
- Show Me a Sign
- (I've Been) Searchin' So Long
- Call on Me
- I Don't Wanna Live Without Your Love
- Feelin' Stronger Every Day
- Stay the Night
- I'm a Man
- 25 or 6 to 4
- Questions 67 & 68
- Make Me Smile
- 25 or 6 to 4
- Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?
- Beginnings
- Saturday in the Park
- Wishing You Were Here
- If You Leave Me Now
- Baby, What a Big Surprise
- Hard to Say I'm Sorry
- Love Me Tomorrow
- Hard Habit to Break
- If You Leave Me Now
- Baby What a Big Surprise
- Saturday in the Park
- Wishing You Were Here
- 25 or 6 to 4
- I'm a Man
- Feelin' Stronger Everyday
- Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?
- Street Player
- Low Down
- Take Me Back to Chicago
- Make Me Smile
- Beginnings
- I've Been Searchin' So Long
- Questions
- Bigger Than Elvis
- Let's Take a Lifetime
- Dialogue (Part I & II)
- A Hit by Varèse
- Lowdown (Japanese version)
- State of the Union
- Saturday in the Park
- Make Me Smile
- So Much to Say, So Much to Give
- Anxiety's Moment
- West Virginia Fantasies
- Colour My World
- To Be Free
- Now More Than Ever
- Beginnings
- Mississippi Delta City Blues
- Take Me Back to Chicago
- Mississippi Delta City Blues
- Baby, What a Big Surprise
- Prelude (Little One)
- Little One
- Not Tell Lover
- Closer to You
- Gone Long Gone
- Alive Again
- Must Have Been Crazy
- Doin' Business
- Song for You
- Thunder and Lightning
- The American Dream
- Beginnings (live)
- Make Me Smile
- 25 or 6 to 4
- Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?
- Bigger Than Elvis
- Free
- Lowdown
- Beginnings
- Colour My World
- Questions 67 & 68
- Saturday in the Park (live)
- Dialogue (Part I & II) (live)
- Feelin' Stronger Every Day
- Just You 'n' Me
- (I've Been) Searchin' So Long
- Chicago
- Caravan
- Dream a Little Dream of Me (feat. Jade, Paul Shaffer)
- Goody Goody
- Moonlight Serenade
- Night & Day
- Blues in the Night
- Sing, Sing, Sing (feat. Gipsy Kings)
- Sophisticated Lady
- In the Mood
- Don't Get Around Much Anymore
- Take the "A" Train
- Baby What a Big Surprise
- Dialogue (Part II)
- No Tell Lover
- Alive Again
- Old Days
- If You Leave Me Now
- Questions 67 & 68
- Happy Man
- Gone Long Gone
- Take Me Back to Chicago
- If You Leave Me Now
- Saturday in the Park
- Feelin' Stronger Everyday
- (I've Been) Searchin' So Long
- 25 or 6 to 4
- Baby, What a Big Surprise
- Wishing You Were Here
- No Tell Lover
- Another Rainy Day in New York City
- Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?
- Song for You
- Introduction
- Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?
- Beginnings
- Questions 67 & 68
- Listen
- Poem 58
- I'm a Man
- Make Me Smile
- So Much to Say, So Much to Give
- Anxiety's Moment
- West Virginia Fantasies
- Colour My World
- To Be Free
- Now More Than Ever
- Fancy Colors
- 25 or 6 to 4
- Where Do We Go From Here
- Life Saver
- Happy Man
- (I've Been) Searchin' So Long
- Sunny Boy
- Byblos
- Wishing You Were Here
- Call on Me
- Brand New Love Affair Part I & II
- Harry Truman
- Old Days
- You Are on My Mind
- If You Leave Me Now
- Together Again
- Another Rainy Day in New York City
- Hope for Love
- Flight 602
- Free
- What Else Can I Say
- Mother
- Lowdown
- A Song for Richard and His Friends
- A Hit by Varèse
- Saturday in the Park
- Dialogue (Part I)
- Dialogue (Part II)
- Alma Mater
- Feelin' Stronger Every Day
- In Terms of Two
- Critic's Choice
- Just You 'n' Me
- Something in This City Changes People
- Explain It to My Heart
- If It Were You
- You Come to My Senses
- Somebody, Somewhere
- What Does It Take
- One From the Heart
- Chasin' the Wind
- God Save the Queen
- Man to Woman
- Only Time Can Heal the Wounded
- Who Do You Love
- Holdin' On
- Hard to Say I'm Sorry / Get Away
- Look Away
- Stay the Night
- Will You Still Love Me?
- Love Me Tomorrow
- What Kind of Man Would I Be? (remix)
- You're the Inspiration
- I Don't Wanna Live Without Your Love
- Hard Habit to Break
- Along Comes a Woman
- If She Would Have Been Faithful...
- We Can Last Forever
- If You Leave Me Now
- Baby What a Big Surprise
- Where Did the Loving Go?
- Take Me Back to Chicago
- Hard to Say I'm Sorry
- Love Me Tomorrow
- Hard Habit to Break
- Only You
- You're the Inspiration
- Along Comes a Woman
- Remember the Feeling
- If She Would Have Been Faithful
- Will You Still Love Me
- What Kind of Man Would I Be?
- Look Away
- Colour My World
- Questions 67 & 68
- No Tell Lover
- Old Days
- If You Leave Me Now
- 25 Or 6 To 4
- Another Rainy Day In New York City
- (I've Been) Searchin' So Long
- Make Me Smile
- I'm A Man
- Baby What A Big Surprise
- Call On Me
- Feelin' Stronger Everyday
- Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?
- Saturday In The Park
- Just You 'N' Me
- Wishing You Were Here
- In the Country
- Fancy Colours
- Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is? (free form intro)
- Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?
- South California Purples
- Questions 67 and 68
- 25 Or 6 To 4
- Saturday In The Park
- Make Me A Smile
- The Approaching Storm
- Lowdown
- In The Country
- Listen
- Free
- I Don't Want Your Money
- Question 67 and 68
- Beginnings
- If You Leave Me Now
- Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?
- Beginnings
- Questions 67 & 68
- I'm a Man
- Wake Up Sunshine
- Make Me Smile
- 25 or 6 to 4
- Lowdown
- Dialogue, Parts I & II
- Saturday in the Park
- Just You 'n' Me
- Feelin' Stronger Every Day
- All the Years
- Stone of Sisyphus
- Bigger Than Elvis
- Sleeping in the Middle of the Bed
- Mah Jongg
- Let's Take a Lifetime
- The Pull
- Candle for the Dark
- Plaid
- Cry for the Lost
- Get on This
- The Show Must Go On
- If You Leave Me Now
- Hard to Say I'm Sorry
- You're the Inspiration
- Hard Habit to Break
- Will You Still Love Me?
- Baby, What a Big Surprise
- Look Away
- What Kind of Man Would I Be?
- I Don't Wanna Live Without Your Love
- Love Me Tomorrow
- Just You 'n Me
- Happy Man
- You're Not Alone
- Song For You
- Wishing You Were Here
- No Tell Lover
- (I've Been) Searchin' So Long
- You Come to my Senses
- Anyway You Want
- Brand New Love Affair (Part 1 and 2)
- Never Been in Love Before
- Hideaway
- Till We Meet Again
- Harry Truman
- Oh, Thank You Great Spirit
- Long Time No See
- Ain't It Blue
- Old Days
- Baby, What a Big Surprise
- Happy Man
- Take Me Back to Chicago
- If You Leave Me Now
- Old Days
- Song for You
- Thunder and Lightning
- Wishing You Were Here
- Mama Take
- Run Away
- If You Leave Me Now
- Saturday in the Park
- Take Me Back to Chicago
- 25 or 6 to 4
- Baby What a Big Surprise
- Colour My World
- Alive Again
- Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?
- Dialogue (Part II)
- Questions 67 & 68
- Happy Man
- Make Me Smile
- Gone Long Gone
- Old Days
- (I've Been) Searchin' So Long
- Just You 'n' Me
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John Kass makes Beer Can Chicken
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:31
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Chicago Tribune columnist John Kass makes his legendary Beer Can Chicken recipe, from the kitchen to the Weber grill.
http://wn.com/John_Kass_makes_Beer_Can_Chicken
Inside the Chicago Tribune: The Breaking News Center
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:09
- Updated: 20 Apr 2012
Join Chicago Tribune editor Gerould Kern and the Tribune's Chicago Breaking News editor Dan Haar as they show the revamped fourth floor newsroom of the Midwest's largest newspaper. The Tribune's newsroom is anchored now by the online Breaking News Center and now is also the home for WGN-AM's newsroom.
http://wn.com/Inside_the_Chicago_Tribune_The_Breaking_News_Center
Chicago Tribune admits to censoring stories
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:41
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
The Chicago Tribune admits to censoring news stories based on political (ie, Cultural Marxist) considerations. RAMZPAUL supports such censorship and encourages the expansion of manipulating the news.
http://wn.com/Chicago_Tribune_admits_to_censoring_stories
The best 10-year-old hoops player in the US?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:14
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Meet Jaylin Fleming, a fifth-grader at Beasley Academic Center in Chicago, who is regarded by some as the most talented basketball player his age in the country. College recruiters have already started courting the young Steger resident and his family, and Bulls star Derrick Rose says Jaylin is better than he was at that age.
http://wn.com/The_best_10-year-old_hoops_player_in_the_US?
Classic Chicago Tribune Cartoonists - 1931
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:09
- Updated: 24 Oct 2012
An edited excerpt from the silent 1931 promotional documentary, "From Trees to Tribunes," focusing on the Tribune company's stable of cartoonists. At work we can see John T. McCutcheon, Gaar Williams, Carey Orr, Sidney Smith of "The Gumps," Frank King of "Gasoline Alley," Frank Willard of "Moon Mullins, Carl Ed of "Harold Teen," Martin Branner of "Winnie Winkle," Walter Berndt of "Smitty" and Harold Gray of "Little Orphan Annie." Noticeably missing from the line-up is Chester Gould's "Dick Tracy," which didn't begin until October of 1931. From dated materials in the film, the cartoonists appear to have been photographed in February of that year. All three parts of this promotional film can be downloaded at archive.org. The music is 1930's "Medley of Paramount Music" and Ray De Costa's "Whoopee." All video and audio used here are in the public domain.
http://wn.com/Classic_Chicago_Tribune_Cartoonists_1931
How to eat Sushi
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:51
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Tribune reporter, Monica Eng, sits down with the chef at Itto Sushi for a lesson in Sushi etiquette
http://wn.com/How_to_eat_Sushi
A visit with legendary Hollywood "ghost voice" Marni Nixon
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:15
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
The Chicago Tribune interviews Marni Nixon, the singer and performer who dubbed the singing voices in classic Hollywood musicals like "My Fair Lady" and "West Side Story". Nixon is in Chicago performing in the touring company of "My Fair Lady".
http://wn.com/A_visit_with_legendary_Hollywood_ghost_voice_Marni_Nixon
Jessie Rankins: Eric Morse will always be with me
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:15
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
An interview with Jessie Rankins at the Shawnee Correctional Center and at his home the day of his release. He was incarcerated for tossing Eric Morse to his death from a 14th floor window at a CHA high-rise in 1995.
http://wn.com/Jessie_Rankins_Eric_Morse_will_always_be_with_me
Robert Waldmire legendary Route 66 artist says farewell
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:31
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Robert Waldmire, a legendary artist who travelled for years along Route 66 is dying of cancer. After he dies, his bus is headed for the Route 66 Museum for permanent exhibition.
http://wn.com/Robert_Waldmire_legendary_Route_66_artist_says_farewell
Robotic dinosaurs go wild at Field Museum
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:15
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Take a tour at RoboSUE, the new interactive exhibit at the Field Museum of Chicago, where computer-generated dinosaurs move, growl and look directly at you while reacting to your movements.
http://wn.com/Robotic_dinosaurs_go_wild_at_Field_Museum
Chicago Tribune's John Kass tries to clean up in city hall
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:29
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Chicago Tribune's John Kass goes looking for a shower in the office of the Chicago Budget Director, Bennett Johnson III.
http://wn.com/Chicago_Tribune's_John_Kass_tries_to_clean_up_in_city_hall
Djula Gypsy Maestro & ( Ruth Margraf ) Student Share Music l Calling
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:45
- Updated: 22 Sep 2011
Juliano Milo Accordion ( Svetozar Milosavljevic Djula ) Gypsy Maestro & Student , Writer & Musicion Ruth Margraff Share Music I Caling Gypsy Music Finds At Home In 2 Hearts Ruth Margraff Mentored By GYPSY Maestro Virtuozo Juliano Milo Chicago Artist Forge A student Teacher Bond Strenghened By A Jazzlike Musical Tenre That Can Be As Ecletic As The Culture It Spring From SPECIAL THE TRIBUNE BY MARK GUARINO www.swinggitan.com http Fire & Soul.com My Teaching Is Open For Everybody. Please contact me tel. 773-463 -5031 www.julianomilogypsyJaz@hptmaill.com www.julianomilogypsyjazz.com Tags: Djula Gypsy Accordion Maestro Student Share Musica Calling Romalen Balkan Music Serbia Belgred lesons teaching performance School Scale, Mentor National & International Awards.
http://wn.com/Djula_Gypsy_Maestro_Ruth_Margraf_Student_Share_Music_l_Calling
The Chicago Tribune visits with Olympia Dukakis
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:30
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Actress Olympia Dukakis chats with Chicago Tribune theater critic Chris Jones. Dukakis is in Chicago directing the play "Botanic Garden" at Victory Gardens Theatre.
http://wn.com/The_Chicago_Tribune_visits_with_Olympia_Dukakis
Chicago Tribune Heartland Prize: EO Wilson and Rebecca Skloot
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 63:59
- Updated: 07 Mar 2012
chicagohumanities.org - See more Chicago Humanities Festival events. This annual prize, awarded separately for fiction and nonfiction, recognizes recently published works "embodying the spirit of the nations heartland." The prizes are part of the Chicago Tribune's ongoing dedication to reading, writing, and ideas. Fiction Anthill by EO Wilson This extraordinary first novel, by one of the preeminent scientists of his generation, is simultaneously a coming-of-age story of a boy in the wilds of southern Alabama, a unique and glorious dramatization of the "humanity" and beauty of ant society, and a persuasive argument for biodiversity, the primacy of natural cycles, and environmentalism. EO Wilson deftly weaves these three threads into a fascinating and remarkable novel. Wilson is an ethicist, a social theorist, an environmentalist, a biologist, and, of course, one of the world's leading experts on ants. At 81 years old, he is the author of over 20 books and the winner of two Pulitzer Prizes for nonfiction for The Ants, written with Bert Hölldobler, and On Human Nature. Nonfiction: The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks by Rebecca Skloot In 1951, a poor black tobacco farmer named Henrietta Lacks died of an aggressive form of cervical cancer. Just 31 years old, she left behind five children, and an astonishing legacy: cells from her cervix—taken without her knowledge—became the first "immortal" human cells grown in culture, and one of the most important tools in medicine. Called ...
http://wn.com/Chicago_Tribune_Heartland_Prize_EO_Wilson_and_Rebecca_Skloot
Chicago Tribune's Behind the Scenes at U2 360 Tour
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:26
- Updated: 19 May 2012
The Chicago Tribune takes an exclusive behind-the-scenes look at U2's 360 Tour, which launched its North American leg at Soldier Field on Sept. 12. Visit chicagotribune.com/turnitup for more U2 coverage.
http://wn.com/Chicago_Tribune's_Behind_the_Scenes_at_U2_360_Tour
Holiday grilling with the Chicago Tribune's John Kass
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:49
- Updated: 14 Sep 2012
The Tribune's John Kass continues to grill out, even during the winter holidays. Kass shows us how to make a mouth-watering rib roast outdoors on his Weber Smoky Mountain grill.
http://wn.com/Holiday_grilling_with_the_Chicago_Tribune's_John_Kass
Explore Quebec City with Alan Solomon
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:59
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Alan takes us through the streets of North America's most European city.
http://wn.com/Explore_Quebec_City_with_Alan_Solomon
"Walk Hard" - The Chicago Tribune interviews John C. Reilly
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:44
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Chicago Tribune entertainment reporter Terry Armour interviews John C. Reilly, who was in the Windy City to promote his comedy "Walk Hard".
http://wn.com/Walk_Hard_The_Chicago_Tribune_interviews_John_C_Reilly
John Phillip Sousa --The Chicago Tribune March
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:13
- Updated: 13 Oct 2012
John Phillip Sousa --The Chicago Tribune March
http://wn.com/John_Phillip_Sousa_--The_Chicago_Tribune_March
Former SNL star Nora Dunn talks to Chicago Tribune
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:53
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Chicago Tribune theater critic Chris Jones interviews Nora Dunn, a cast-member on "Saturday Night Live" during the late '80s and early '90s. Dunn is living in Chicago, where she is directing the Richard Dresser play "Augusta" at the American Theater Company.
http://wn.com/Former_SNL_star_Nora_Dunn_talks_to_Chicago_Tribune
Former SNL star Ana Gasteyer talks to Chicago Tribune
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:38
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
The Chicago Tribune talked to former Saturday Night Live star Ana Gasteyer, who is now starring in a new version of Stephen Sondheim's "Passion", now at the Chicago Shakespeare Theater. Gasteyer joins a number of Broadway talents in producing this musical for an intimate 200-seat theater.
http://wn.com/Former_SNL_star_Ana_Gasteyer_talks_to_Chicago_Tribune
My Grandpa's Tribune Commercial
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:14
- Updated: 18 Feb 2011
This is the commercial that my grandpa did with Mike Royko
http://wn.com/My_Grandpa's_Tribune_Commercial
WGN Radio - Chicago Tribune's Historic Paper
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:33
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
People line up outside of the Tribune Tower to get the November 5 Chicago Tribune.
http://wn.com/WGN_Radio_Chicago_Tribune's_Historic_Paper
Photo: AP / Na Son Nguyen
15 Nov 2012
As President Barak Obama resettles in the Oval Office and casts his gaze again beyond US politics, he may well be reminded that few eyes were on the ball when the Arab uprisings appeared to erupt...
Photo: US DoD / MCS1 Chad J. McNeeley
14 Nov 2012
By Kimberly Dozier and Nancy Benac The Associated PressAssociated Press Posted: 11/14/2012 07:12:03 AM PST November 14, 2012 3:23 PM GMTUpdated: 11/14/2012 07:14:50 AM PST Jill Kelley...
Photo: AP / Adel Hana
14 Nov 2012
GAZA (Reuters) - Israel launched a major offensive against Palestinian militants in Gaza on Wednesday, killing the military commander of Hamas in an air strike and threatening an invasion of the...
Photo: WN / Ahmed Deeb
16 Nov 2012
November 16, 2012 -- Updated 1244 GMT (2044 HKT) Palestinians extinguish a fire after Israeli airstrikes targeted the Interior Ministry building in Gaza City Friday. Israelis take cover in a lpipe...
Photo: WN / Ahmed Deeb
16 Nov 2012
Pro-Palestinian demonstrators protest near the Israeli embassy in central London on November 15 2012, which took place amid escalating tensions between Israel and militants in the Gaza Strip. (AFP)...
The Tribune San Luis Obispo
17-year-old boy arrested in armed robbery at Morro Bay bank City of SLO hires new employees after retirements Rain, gusty winds expected this weekend in SLO County Mindbody in SLO is ranked among fastest-growing companies Pasolivo purchased by Newport Beach family 23-year-old woman arrested in fatal...(size: 15.1Kb)
The Examiner
Related topics Crime & Convictioninvestmentsfinancial Advertisement Gary S. Shapiro, Acting United States Attorney for the Northern District of Illinois, announced yesterday the sentencing of Jeffery Lowrance, 51, a U.S. citizen who operated a foreign currency trading fraud scheme while living...(size: 7.7Kb)
Illinois continues to lag the U.S. (Video)
17 Nov 2012
The Examiner
Related topics ForeclosuresmortgagesMortgage Bankers Association Advertisement Last week we offered you details on several encouraging U.S. housing trends that have been taking shape during the past few months. http://www.examiner.com/article/good-news-more-good-news-on-housing Two days after the...(size: 8.3Kb)
Sporting News
Mike Ditka was hospitalized Friday with what doctors told him was a "very minor" stroke. The former Chicago Bears and New Orleans Saints coach and Hall of Fame tight end has not had any health problems in recent years, the Chicago Tribune noted. Ditka suffered a heart attack in 1988 when he was the...(size: 2.1Kb)
Report: Mike Ditka Hospitalized After Stroke
17 Nov 2012
MSNBC
Former Chicago Bears head coach Mike Ditka was reportedly hospitalized Friday after having a stroke. The Chicago Tribune reported that Ditka was playing cards earlier in the day when he experienced...(size: 1.3Kb)
Baseball
17 Nov 2012
MSNBC
PARK CITY, Utah (AP) - Steven Holcomb's voice cracked and he struggled to control his emotions. Yet it had nothing to do with Friday's two-man bobsled win that represents the best World Cup start of his career. He was talking about his book - "But Now I See" - that goes into great detail about his...(size: 8.4Kb)
Ford Rotunda evokes memories 50 years after fire
17 Nov 2012
Houston Chronicle
ANN ZANIEWSKI, Detroit Free Press | November 16, 2012 | Updated: November 16, 2012 7:38pm Comments (0) E-mail Print...(size: 15.4Kb)
Timeline of events in generals scandal
17 Nov 2012
Houston Chronicle
JOSH LEDERMAN, Associated Press | November 15, 2012 | Updated: November 16, 2012 7:36pm Comments (0) E-mail Print...(size: 20.2Kb)
Digital Spy
Last Resort and 666 Park Avenue have both been cancelled. The ABC shows will see out their 13-episode orders, but neither will be given a full-season pickup, Entertainment Weekly reports. The Andre Braugher-starring Last Resort - which airs on Sky1 in the UK - follows a nuclear submarine crew who...(size: 8.2Kb)
The Examiner
Related topics Jesse Jackson JrRev Jesse JacksonSandi JacksonCongressman Jesse Jackson JrChicago Politics Advertisement The pressure lingers for Jesse Jackson Jr. Today his father, Rev. Jesse Jackson Sr. breaks his silence about his son’s condition. “I’m sure at the appropriate time you’ll hear from...(size: 8.8Kb)
Chicago once had countless strip clubs
17 Nov 2012
Chicago Sun-Times
Updated: November 16, 2012 7:36PM Chicago was once home to a now vanished class of entertainer: the famous American stripper. It is where Little Egypt danced the Hoochee-Coochie, at the 1893 Columbian Exposition, and where Sally Rand — who took her name from another local institution, Rand McNally —...(size: 5.4Kb)
IRS: 8 indicted in Vegas-based timeshare scheme
17 Nov 2012
Star Telegram
LAS VEGAS â The Internal Revenue Service says eight people have been indicted in federal court in Houston in a Las Vegas-based...(size: 0.9Kb)
Biblioracle: Breaking up with a book
17 Nov 2012
Chicago Tribune
Repeat after me. It's OK … If I stop reading a book … Before I've finished it. If my informal survey of people I run into on a weekly basis is accurate, then 70 percent of you are reacting in horror, 20 percent are nodding in agreement, and 10 percent are asking, "What's a book?"...(size: 4.1Kb)
"The Trib" redirects here. For other newspapers with similar names, see Tribune (disambiguation).
| 225px The June 16, 2009, front page of The Chicago Tribune |
|
| Type | Daily newspaper |
|---|---|
| Format | Broadsheet |
| Owner | Tribune Company |
| Publisher | Tony W. Hunter |
| Editor | Gerould W. Kern[1] |
| Founded | June 10, 1847 |
| Political alignment | Republican[citation needed] |
| Headquarters | Tribune Tower 435 North Michigan Avenue Chicago, Illinois 60611 USA |
| Circulation | 425,370 daily 781,128 Sunday[2] |
| ISSN | 1085-6706 |
| Official website | www.chicagotribune.com |
The Chicago Tribune is a major daily newspaper based in Chicago, Illinois, United States, and the flagship publication of the Tribune Company. Formerly self-styled as the "World's Greatest Newspaper" (for which WGN radio and television are named), it remains the most read daily newspaper of the Chicago metropolitan area and the Great Lakes region and is currently the eighth largest newspaper in the United States by circulation (and the second largest under Tribune's ownership behind Los Angeles Times).[3] Traditionally published as a broadsheet, on January 13, 2009, the Tribune announced it would continue publishing as a broadsheet for home delivery, but would publish in tabloid format for newsstand, news box and commuter station sales.[4] However, in 2011 the Tribune discontinued its tabloid edition.
On April 2, 2007, the Tribune Company announced a buy-out plan led by Chicago real estate magnate Sam Zell worth $8.2 billion, associated with a stock buyback at $34 per share, and an Employee Stock Ownership Plan. The deal closed on December 20, 2007, with Zell as the company's new chairman. As part of the deal, the company sold the Chicago Cubs and its properties, including Wrigley Field and a stake in Comcast SportsNet Chicago, to the family of J. Joseph Ricketts.[5] Less than a year after the deal closed, the Tribune Company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on December 8, 2008.
Contents |
History[link]
The Tribune was founded by James Kelly, John E. Wheeler and Joseph K. C. Forrest, publishing its first edition on June 10, 1847. The paper saw numerous changes in ownership and editorship over the next eight years. Initially, the Tribune was not politically affiliated but tended to support either the Whig or Free Soil parties against the Democrats in elections.[6] By late 1853, it was frequently running xenophobic editorials that criticized foreigners and Roman Catholics.[7] About this time it also became a strong proponent of temperance.[8] However nativist its editorials may have been, it was not until February 10, 1855 that the Tribune formally affiliated itself with the nativist American or Know Nothing party, whose candidate Levi Boone was elected Mayor of Chicago the following month.[9]
By about 1854, part-owner Capt. J. D. Webster, later General Webster and chief of staff at the Battle of Shiloh, and Dr. Charles H. Ray of Galena, Illinois through Horace Greeley convinced Joseph Medill of Cleveland's Leader to become managing editor. Ray became editor-in-chief, Medill became the managing editor, and Alfred Cowles, Sr., brother of Edwin Cowles, initially was the bookkeeper. Each purchased one third of the Tribune.[10][11] Under their leadership the Tribune distanced itself from the Know Nothings and became the main Chicago organ of the Republican Party.[12] However, the paper continued to print anti-Catholic and anti-Irish editorials.[13] The Tribune absorbed three other Chicago publications under the new editors: the Free West in 1855, the Democratic Press in 1858, and the Chicago Democrat in 1861, whose editor, John Wentworth, left his position to become Chicago Mayor. Between 1858 and 1860, the paper was known as the Chicago Press & Tribune. After November 1860, it became the Chicago Daily Tribune.[14] Before and during the American Civil War, the new editors pushed an abolitionist agenda and strongly supported Abraham Lincoln, whom Medill helped secure the Presidency in 1860. The paper remained a force in Republican politics for years afterwards.
In 1861, the Tribune published new lyrics for the song "John Brown's Body" by William W. Patton, rivaling the ones published two months later by Julia Ward Howe. Medill served as mayor of Chicago for one term after the Great Chicago Fire of 1871.
Under the 20th-century editorship of Colonel Robert R. McCormick the paper was strongly isolationist and actively biased in its coverage of political news and social trends, calling itself "The American Paper for Americans", excoriating the Democrats and the New Deal, resolutely disdainful of the British and French and greatly enthusiastic for Chiang Kai-shek and Sen. Joseph McCarthy.
When McCormick assumed the position of co-editor (with his cousin Joseph Medill Patterson) in 1910, the Tribune was the third-best-selling paper among Chicago's eight dailies, with a circulation of only 188,000.[15] The young cousins added features such as advice columns and homegrown comic strips like Little Orphan Annie and Moon Mullins, then turned to "crusades", with their first success coming with the ouster of the Republican political boss of Illinois, Sen. William Lorimer.[15] At the same time, the Tribune competed with the Hearst paper, the Chicago Examiner, in a circulation war. By 1914, the cousins succeeded in forcing out Managing Editor William Keeley. By 1918, the Examiner was forced to merge with the Chicago Herald.
In the 1920s, Patterson left to take over the editorship of his own paper, the New York Daily News.[15] In a renewed circulation war with Hearst's Herald-Examiner, McCormick and Hearst ran rival lotteries in 1922. The Tribune won the battle, adding 250,000 readers to its ranks. Also in 1922, the Chicago Tribune hosted an international design competition for its new headquarters, the Tribune Tower. The competition worked brilliantly as a publicity stunt, and more than 260 entries were received. The winner was a neo-Gothic design by New York architects John Mead Howells and Raymond Hood.
During the McCormick years, the Tribune was a champion of modified spelling (such as spelling "although" as "altho").[16] McCormick, a vigorous campaigner for the Republican Party, died in 1955, just four days before Democratic boss Richard J. Daley was elected mayor for the first time.
One of the great scoops in Tribune history came when it obtained the text of the Treaty of Versailles in June 1919. Another was its revelation of United States war plans on the eve of the Pearl Harbor attack. The Tribune's June 7, 1942, front page announcement that America had broken Japan's naval code was actually the potential revelation of a closely guarded military secret by the paper. According to the Newseum,[17] the story revealing that Americans broke the enemy naval codes was not cleared by censors, and had FDR so enraged that he considered shutting the Tribune.
U.S. presidential election, 1948[link]
File:Deweytruman12.jpg
Truman was widely expected to lose the 1948 election and the Chicago Tribune ran the incorrect headline, "DEWEY DEFEATS TRUMAN".
The paper is also well known for a mistake it made during the 1948 presidential election. At that time, much of its composing room staff was on strike, and early returns led the paper to believe that the Republican candidate Thomas Dewey would win. An early edition of the next day's paper carried the headline "DEWEY DEFEATS TRUMAN", turning the paper into a collector's item when it turned out that Harry S. Truman won and proudly brandished it in a famous picture taken at St. Louis Union Station. More recently, the Tribune reported in its print edition (Sunday, August 1, 2010) that a fireworks exhibition occurred at the wedding of Chelsea Clinton. When actual reports arrived, the story was quickly edited without notice online, to more accurately recount the actual occurrences at the wedding ceremony.[18]
The Tribune's legendary sports editor Arch Ward created the Major League Baseball All-Star Game in 1933 as part of the city's Century of Progress exposition.
The Tribune's reputation for innovation extended to radio—it bought an early station, WDAP, in 1924 and renamed it WGN (AM), the station call letters standing for the paper's self-description as the "World's Greatest Newspaper." WGN Television was launched April 5, 1948. These broadcast stations remain Tribune properties to this day and are among the oldest newspaper/broadcasting cross-ownerships in the country. (Later, the Tribune's East Coast sibling, the New York Daily News, would establish WPIX television and radio.)
After McCormick: The Watergate years[link]
Although under Colonel McCormick, the Tribune for years refused to participate in the Pulitzer Prize competition, it has won 25 of the awards over the years, including many for editorial writing.[19] The Tribune won its first post-McCormick Pulitzer in 1961, when Carey Orr won the award for editorial cartooning. Reporter George Bliss won a Pulitzer the following year for reporting, and reporter Bill Jones snagged one in 1971 for reporting.[19] A reporting team won the award in 1973, followed by reporter William Mullen and photographer Ovie Carter, who won a Pulitzer for international reporting in 1975. A local reporting team won the award in 1976, and architecture critic Paul Gapp won a Pulitzer in 1979.[19]
In 1969, under the leadership of publisher Harold Grumhaus and editor Clayton Kirkpatrick (1915–2004), the Tribune's past conservative partisanship became history. Though the paper retained its Republican and conservative perspective in its editorials, it began to publish perspectives in wider commentary that represented a spectrum of diverse opinions, while its news reporting no longer had the conservative slant it had in the McCormick years.
In early 1974, in a major feat of journalism, the Tribune published the complete 246,000-word text of the Watergate tapes in a 44-page supplement that hit the streets a mere 24 hours after the transcripts' release by the Nixon White House. Not only was the Tribune the first newspaper to publish the transcripts, but it beat the Government Printing Office's own published version, and made headlines doing so.
A week later, after studying the transcripts, the paper's editorial board observed that "the high dedication to grand principles that Americans have a right to expect from a President is missing from the transcript record." The Tribune's editors concluded that "nobody of sound mind can read [the transcripts] and continue to think that Mr. Nixon has upheld the standards and dignity of the Presidency," and called for Nixon's resignation. The Tribune call for Nixon to resign made news, reflecting not only the change in the type of conservativism practiced by the paper, but as a watershed event in terms of Nixon's hopes for survival in office. The White House reportedly saw the Tribune's editorial as a loss of a long-time supporter and as a blow to Nixon's hopes to weather the scandal.
On December 7, 1975, Kirkpatrick announced in a column on the editorial page that Rick Soll, a "young and talented columnist" for the paper whose work had "won a following among many Tribune readers over the last two years" resigned from the paper after acknowledging that a column he wrote that appeared on November 23, 1975, contained verbatim passages that another columnist wrote in 1967 and later published in a collection. Kirkpatrick did not identify the columnist. The passages in question, Kirkpatrick wrote, had been in a notebook where Soll had copied words, phrases and bits of conversation that he had wished to remember. Although the paper initially suspended Soll for a month without pay, Kirkpatrick noted that further evidence then came out that another column contained information that Soll knew was false. At that point, Kirkpatrick wrote, Tribune editors decided to accept the resignation that Soll offered when the investigation began.[20] Soll went on to marry Chicago newspaper (and future TV) reporter Pam Zekman and eventually work for the short-lived Chicago Times magazine in the late 1980s.
In March 1978, the Tribune announced that it hired columnist Bob Greene away from the Chicago Sun-Times.[21]
The 1980s and 1990s[link]
Kirkpatrick stepped down as editor in 1979 and was succeeded by Maxwell McCrohon (1928–2004), who served as editor until 1981, when he was transitioned to a corporate position. McCrohon held the corporate position until 1983, when he left to become editor in chief of the United Press International. James Squires served as the paper's editor from July 1981 until December 1989.
Jack Fuller served as the Tribune's editor from 1989 until 1993, when he became the president and chief executive officer of the Chicago Tribune. Howard Tyner served as the Tribune's editor from 1993 until 2001, when he was promoted to vice president/editorial for Tribune Publishing.
The Tribune won 11 Pulitzer prizes during the 1980s and 1990s.[19] Editorial cartoonist Dick Locher won the award in 1983, and editorial cartoonist Jeff MacNelly won one in 1985. Then, future editor Jack Fuller won a Pulitzer for editorial writing in 1986. In 1987, reporters Jeff Lyon and Peter Gorner won a Pulitzer for explanatory reporting, and in 1988, Dean Baquet, William Gaines and Ann Marie Lipinski won a Pulitzer for investigative reporting. In 1989, Lois Wille won a Pulitzer for editorial writing and Clarence Page snagged the award for commentary. In 1994, Ron Kotulak won a Pulitzer for explanatory journalism, while R. Bruce Dold won it for editorial writing. In 1998, reporter Paul Salopek won a Pulitzer for explanatory writing, and in 1999, architecture critic Blair Kamin won it for criticism.[19]
The Tribune scored a coup in 1984 when it hired popular columnist Mike Royko away from the rival Chicago Sun-Times.[22]
In 1986, the Tribune announced that celebrated film critic Gene Siskel, the Tribune's best-known writer, was no longer the paper's film critic, and that his position with the paper had shifted from being that of a full-time film critic to that of a free-lance contract writer who was to write about the film industry for the Sunday paper and also provide capsule film reviews for the paper's entertainment sections. The demotion occurred after Siskel and longtime Chicago film critic colleague Roger Ebert decided to shift the production of their weekly movie-review show—then known as At the Movies with Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert and later known as Siskel & Ebert & The Movies—from Tribune Entertainment to The Walt Disney Company's Buena Vista Television unit. "He has done a great job for us," editor James Squires said at the time. "It's a question of how much a person can do physically. We think you need to be a newspaper person first, and Gene Siskel has always tried to do that. But there comes a point when a career is so big that you can't do that." Siskel declined to comment on the new arrangement, but Ebert publicly criticized Siskel's Tribune bosses for punishing Siskel for taking their television program to a company other than Tribune Entertainment.[23] Siskel remained in that free-lance position until his death in 1999. He was replaced as film critic in 1986 by Dave Kehr.[24]
In November 1992, Tribune associate subject editor Searle "Ed" Hawley was arrested by Chicago police and charged with seven counts of aggravated criminal sexual abuse for allegedly having sex with three juveniles in his home in Evanston, Illinois.[25] Hawley formally resigned from the paper in early 1993, and pleaded guilty in April 1993. He was sentenced to 3 years in prison.[26]
In an unusual move at that time, the Tribune in October 1993 fired its longtime military-affairs writer, retired-Marine David Evans, with the public position that the post of military affairs was being dropped in favor of having a national security writer.[27]
In December 1993, the Tribune's longtime Washington, D.C. bureau chief, Nicholas Horrock, was removed from his post after he chose not to attend a meeting that editor Howard Tyner requested of him in Chicago.[28] Horrock, who shortly thereafter left the paper, was replaced by James Warren, who attracted new attention to the Tribune's D.C. bureau through his continued attacks on celebrity broadcast journalists in Washington.
Also in December 1993, the Tribune hired Margaret Holt from the South Florida Sun-Sentinel as its assistant managing editor for sports, making her the first female to head a sports department at any of the nation's 10 largest newspapers.[29] In mid-1995, Holt was replaced as sports editor by Tim Franklin and shifted to a newly-created job, customer service editor.[30]
In 1994, reporter Brenda You was fired by the Tribune after free-lancing for supermarket tabloid newspapers and lending them photographs from the Tribune's photo library.[31] You later worked for the National Enquirer and as a producer for The Jerry Springer Show before committing suicide in November 2005.[32]
In April 1994, the Tribune's new television critic, Ken Parish Perkins, wrote an article about then-WFLD-TV morning news anchor Bob Sirott in which Perkins quoted Sirott as making a statement that Sirott later denied making. Sirott criticized Perkins on the air, and the Tribune later printed a correction acknowledging that Sirott had never made that statement.[33] Eight months later, Perkins stepped down as TV critic, and he left the paper shortly thereafter.[34]
In December 1995, the alternative newsweekly Newcity published a first-person article by the pseudonymous Clara Hamon (a name mentioned in the play The Front Page) but quickly identified by Tribune reporters as that of former Tribune reporter Mary Hill that heavily criticized the paper's one-year residency program. The program brought young journalists in and out of the paper for one-year stints, seldom resulting in a full-time job. Hill, who wrote for the paper from 1992 until 1993, acknowledged to the Chicago Reader that she had written the diatribe originally for the Internet, and that the piece eventually was edited for Newcity.[35]
In 1997, the Tribune celebrated its 150th anniversary in part by tapping longtime reporter Stevenson Swanson to edit the book Chicago Days: 150 Defining Moments in the Life of a Great City.
On April 29, 1997, popular columnist Mike Royko died of a brain aneurysm. On September 2, 1997, the Tribune promoted longtime City Hall reporter John Kass to take Royko's place as the paper's principal Page Two news columnist.[36]
On June 1, 1997, the Tribune published what ended up becoming a very popular column by Mary Schmich called "Advice, like youth, probably just wasted on the young", otherwise known as "Wear Sunscreen" or the "Sunscreen Speech." The most popular and well-known form of the essay is the successful music single released in 1999, accredited to Baz Luhrmann.
In 1998, reporter Jerry Thomas was fired by the Tribune after he wrote a cover article on boxing promoter Don King for Emerge magazine at the same time that he was writing a cover article on King for the Chicago Tribune Sunday magazine. The paper decided to fire Thomas—and suspend his photographer on the Emerge story, Pulitzer Prize-winning Tribune photographer Ovie Carter for a month—because Thomas did not tell the Tribune about his outside work and also because the Emerge story wound up appearing in print first.[37]
The Tribune has been a leader on the Internet, acquiring 10 percent of America Online in the early 1990s, then launching such web sites as Chicagotribune.com (1995), Metromix.com (1996), ChicagoSports.com (1999), ChicagoBreakingNews.com (2008), and ChicagoNow.com (2009). In 2002, the paper launched a tabloid edition targeted at 18- to 34-year-olds known as RedEye.
The 2000s[link]
Ann Marie Lipinski was the paper's editor from February 2001 until stepping down on July 17, 2008. Gerould W. Kern was named the paper's editor in July 2008.[1] In early August 2008, managing editor for news Hanke Gratteau resigned, and several weeks later, managing editor for features James Warren resigned as well.[38] Both were replaced by Jane Hirt, who previously had been the editor of the Tribune's RedEye tabloid.[38]
In June 2000, Times Mirror merged with Tribune Company making The Baltimore Sun and its community papers Baltimore Sun Media Group / Patuxent Publishing a subsidiary of Tribune.[39][40]
Tribune's Baltimore Community papers include Arbutus Times, Baltimore Messenger, Catonsville Times, Columbia Flier, Howard County Times, The Jeffersonian, Laurel Leader, Lifetimes, North County News, Northeast Booster, Northeast Reporter, Owings Mills Times, and Towson Times.
The Howard County Times (www.explorehoward.com) was named 2010 Newspaper of the Year by the Suburban Newspaper Association.[41]
The Towson Times expands coverage beyond the Towson area and includes Baltimore County government and politics.[42][43]
The Tribune won five Pulitzer prizes in the first decade of the 21st century.[19] Salopek won his second Pulitzer for the Tribune in 2001 for international reporting, and that same year an explanatory reporting team—lead writers of which were Louise Kiernan, Jon Hilkevitch, Laurie Cohen, Robert Manor, Andrew Martin, John Schmeltzer, Alex Rodriguez and Andrew Zajac—won the honor for a profile of the chaotic U.S. air traffic system.[19][44] In 2003, editorial writer Cornelia Grumman snagged the award for editorial writing.[19] In 2005, Julia Keller won a Pulitzer for feature reporting on a tornado that struck Utica, Illinois.[19] And, in 2008, an investigative reporting team including Patricia Callahan, Maurice Possley, Sam Roe, Ted Gregory, Michael Oneal and Evan Osnos won the Pulitzer for its series about faulty government regulation of defective toys, cribs and car seats.[19][45]
In late 2001, sports columnist Michael Holley announced he was leaving the Tribune after just two months because he was homesick.[46] He ultimately returned to the Boston Globe, where he had been working immediately before the Tribune had hired him.[46]
On September 15, 2002, Lipinski wrote a terse, page-one note informing readers that the paper's longtime columnist, Bob Greene, resigned effective immediately after acknowledging "engaging in inappropriate sexual conduct some years ago with a girl in her late teens whom he met in connection with his newspaper column." The conduct later was revealed to have occurred in 1988 with a woman who was of the age of consent in Illinois. "Greene's behavior was a serious violation of Tribune ethics and standards for its journalists," Lipinski wrote. "We deeply regret the conduct, its effect on the young woman and the impact this disclosure has on the trust our readers placed in Greene and this newspaper."[47][48]
In March 2004, the Tribune announced that free-lance reporter Uli Schmetzer, who retired from the Tribune in 2002 after 16 years as a foreign correspondent, had fabricated the name and occupation of a person he had quoted in a story. The paper terminated Schmetzer as a contract reporter and began a review of the 300 stories that Schmetzer had written over the prior three years.[49]
In May 2004, the Tribune revealed that free-lance reporter Mark Falanga was unable to verify some facts that he inserted in a lifestyle-related column that ran on April 18, 2004, about an expensive lunch at a Chicago restaurant—namely, that the restaurant charged $15 for a bottle of water and $35 for a pasta entree. "Upon questioning, the freelance writer indicated the column was based on an amalgam of three restaurants and could not verify the prices," the paper noted.[50][51] After the correction, the Tribune stopped using Falanga.
In October 2004, Tribune editor Ann Marie Lipinski at the last minute spiked a story written for the paper's WomanNews section by free-lance reporter Lisa Bertagnoli titled "You c_nt say that (or can you?)," about a noted vulgarism.[52] The paper ordered every spare body to go to the Tribune's printing plant to pull already-printed WomanNews sections containing the story from the Wednesday, October 27, 2004, package of preprinted sections in the Tribune.[52]
In September 2008, the Tribune considered hiring controversial sports columnist Jay Mariotti, shortly after his abrupt resignation from Tribune archrival Chicago Sun-Times.[53] Discussions ultimately ended, however, after the Sun-Times threatened to sue for violating Mariotti's noncompete agreement, which was to run until August 2009.[53]
In April 2009, 55 Tribune reporters and editors signed their names to an e-mail sent to Kern and managing editor Jane Hirt, questioning why the newspaper's marketing department had solicited subscribers' opinions on stories before they were published, and suggesting that the practice raised ethical questions as well as legal and competitive issues.[54] Among those who signed off on the e-mail were reporters John D. McCormick and Rick Kogan.[55] Reporters declined to speak on the record to the Associated Press about their issues. "We'll let the e-mail speak for itself," reporter John Chase told the AP.[54] In the wake of the controversy, Kern abruptly discontinued the effort, which he described as "a brief market research project."[54]
In the first decade of the 21st century, the Tribune had multiple rounds of reductions of staff through layoffs and buyouts as it has coped with the industrywide declines in advertising revenues:
- In December 2005, the Tribune eliminated 28 editorial positions through a combination of buyouts and layoffs, including what were believed to be the first layoffs in the paper's history.[56] Among the reporters who left the paper in that round were Carol Kleiman, Bill Jauss and Connie Lauerman.[56]
- In June 2007, about 25 newsroom employees took buyouts, including well-known bylines like Charles Madigan, Michael Hirsley and Ronald Kotulak, along with noted photographer Pete Souza.[57]
- In March 2008, the paper gave buyouts to about 25 newsroom employees, including sportswriter Sam Smith.[58]
- On August 15, 2008, the Tribune laid-off more than 40 newsroom and other editorial employees, including reporters Rick Popely, Ray Quintanilla, Lew Freedman, Michael Martinez and Robert Manor; also Gail Glaser and Bodhan Pauk.[59]
- Also in August 2008, about 36 editorial employees took voluntary buyouts or resigned, including well-known bylines like Michael Tackett, Ron Silverman, Timothy McNulty, Ed Sherman, Evan Osnos, Steve Franklin, Maurice Possley, Hanke Gratteau, Chuck Osgood and Skip Myslenski.[59][60][61][62]
- On November 12, 2008, five editorial employees in the paper's Washington, D.C. bureau were laid off, including John Crewdson.[63]
- On December 4, 2008, about 11 newsroom employees were laid-off, with one sports columnist, Mike Downey, having departed several weeks earlier when his contract was not renewed. Well-known bylines who were laid off included Neil Milbert, Stevenson Swanson, Lisa Anderson, Phil Marty, Charles Storch, Courtney Flynn and Deborah Horan.[64]
- In February 2009, the Tribune laid off about 20 editorial employees, including several foreign correspondents, and some feature reporters and editors, although several, including Charles Leroux and Jeff Lyon, technically took buyouts. Among those who were fired were reporters Emily Nunn, Susan Chandler, Christine Spolar and Joel Greenberg.[65][66][67]
- On April 22, 2009, the paper laid off 53 newsroom employees, including well-known bylines like Patrick Reardon, Melissa Isaacson, Russell Working, Jo Napolitano, Susan Diesenhouse, Beth Botts, Lou Carlozo, Jessica Reaves, Tom Hundley, Alan Artner, Eric Benderoff, James P. Miller, Bob Sakamoto, Terry Bannon and John Mullin.[68] That number was less than the 90 newsroom jobs that Crain's Chicago Business previously had reported were to be eliminated.[66][69]
The Tribune broke the story on Friday, May 29, 2009, that several students had been admitted to the University of Illinois based upon connections or recommendations by the school's Board of Trustees, Chicago politicians, and members of the Rod Blagojevich administration. Initially denying the existence of a so-called "Category I" admissions program, university President B. Joseph "Joe" White and Chancellor Richard Herman later admitted that there were instances of preferential treatment. Although they claimed the list was short and their role was minor, the Tribune, in particular, revealed emails through a FOIA finding that White had received a recommendation for a relative of convicted fundraiser Tony Rezko to be admitted. The Tribune also later posted emails from Herman pushing for underqualified students to be accepted.[70][71] The Tribune has since filed suit against the University administration under the Freedom of Information Act to acquire the names of students benefited by administrative clout and impropriety.
The 2010s[link]
On February 8, 2010, the Chicago Tribune shrank its newspaper's width by an inch. They cited that the new format was becoming the industry standard and that there would be minimal content changes.
In July 2011, the Chicago Tribune underwent its first round of layoffs of editorial employees in more than two years, letting go about 20 editors and reporters.[72] Among those let go were health care business reporter Bruce Japsen, DuPage County reporter Art Barnum, Editorial Board member Pat Widder and photographer Dave Pierini.[72][73]
Editorial policy[link]
In a 2007 statement of principles published in the Tribune's print and online editions, the paper's editorial board described the newspaper's philosophy, from which is excerpted the following:
- The Chicago Tribune believes in the traditional principles of limited government; maximum individual responsibility; minimum restriction of personal liberty, opportunity and enterprise. It believes in free markets, free will and freedom of expression. These principles, while traditionally conservative, are guidelines and not reflexive dogmas.
- The Tribune brings a Midwestern sensibility to public debate. It is suspicious of untested ideas.
- The Tribune places great emphasis on the integrity of government and the private institutions that play a significant role in society. The newspaper does this in the belief that the people cannot consent to be governed unless they have knowledge of, and faith in, the leaders and operations of government. The Tribune embraces the diversity of people and perspectives in its community. It is dedicated to the future of the Chicago region.
The Tribune has remained economically conservative, being widely skeptical of increasing the minimum wage and entitlement spending. Although the Tribune criticized the Bush administration's record on civil liberties, the environment, and many aspects of its foreign policy, it continued to support his presidency while taking Democrats, such as Illinois Governor Rod Blagojevich and Cook County Board President Todd Stroger, to task and calling for their removal from office.
In 2004, the Tribune endorsed President George W. Bush for re-election, a decision consistent with its longstanding support for the Republican Party. The Chicago Tribune endorsed Chicago area politician and Illinois junior U.S. Senator Barack Obama in 2008.[74]
The Tribune has previously backed independent candidates. In 1872, it supported Horace Greeley, a former Republican Party newspaper editor,[75] and in 1912 the paper endorsed Theodore Roosevelt, who ran on the Progressive Party slate against Republican President William Howard Taft.
Over the years, the Tribune has endorsed Democrats for lesser offices, including recent endorsements of Bill Foster, Barack Obama for the Senate and Democrat Melissa Bean, who defeated Philip Crane, the House of Representatives' longest-serving Republican. Though the Tribune endorsed George Ryan in the 1998 Illinois gubernatorial race, the paper subsequently investigated and reported on the scandals surrounding Ryan during his preceding years as Secretary of State. Ryan declined to stand for re-election in 2002 and was subsequently indicted, convicted and imprisoned as a result of the scandal.
Tribune Company[link]
The Chicago Tribune is the founding business unit of Tribune Company, which includes many newspapers and television stations around the country. In Chicago, Tribune owns the WGN radio station (720 AM) and WGN-TV (Channel 9). Tribune Company also owns the Los Angeles Times -- which displaced the Tribune as the company's largest property—and the Chicago Cubs baseball team. The Cubs were sold in 2009.
Tribune Company owned The New York Daily News from its 1919 founding until its 1991 sale to Robert Maxwell. The founder of the News, Capt. Joseph Patterson and Col. McCormick, were both descendants of Medill. Both were also enthusiasts of simplified spelling, another hallmark of their papers for many years. Tribune Company sold the Long Island newspaper Newsday in 2008.
Since 1925, the Chicago Tribune has been housed in the Tribune Tower on North Michigan Avenue on the Magnificent Mile. The building is neo-Gothic in style, and the design was the winner of an international competition hosted by the Tribune.
On June 25, 2008, the Tribune company announced they had hired a real estate company to entertain bids of the sale of both the Tribune Tower in Chicago, and the Times Building in Los Angeles. The Los Angeles Times, is also owned by the Tribune Company.[76]
Columnists[link]
Current[link] |
Past[link]
|
2008 redesign[link]
The September 2008 redesign (discussed here[77] on the Tribune's web site) was controversial and is largely regarded as an effort in cost-cutting.[78] Since then the newspaper has returned to a more toned down style. The style is more a mix of the old style and a new modern style.
Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection[link]
After a $124 million dollar third-quarter loss, the Tribune Company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on December 8, 2008. The company made its filing with the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware, citing a debt of $13 billion and assets of $7.6 billion.[79]
As part of its bankruptcy plan, owner Sam Zell intended to sell the Cubs to reduce debt. This sale has become linked to the corruption charges leading to the December 9, 2008, arrest of former Illinois Governor Rod Blagojevich. Specifically, the ex-governor was accused of exploiting the paper's financial trouble in an effort to have several editors fired.[80]
Prices[link]
The Tribune prices are: $1 Daily, $1.99/$1.75 Sunday/Thanksgiving Day. The Tribune on weekdays was $0.75 until January 18, 2010, when it was raised to $1.
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ a b Article about resignation of Ann Marie Lipinski in The New York Times
- ^ "Circulation numbers for the 25 largest newspapers". The Boston Globe. 2010-10-25. http://www.boston.com/business/technology/articles/2011/11/01/circulation_numbers_for_the_25_largest_newspapers/.
- ^ "2008 Top 100 Daily Newspapers in the U.S. by Circulation" (PDF). BurrellesLuce. 2008-03-31. http://www.burrellesluce.com/top100/2008_Top_100List.pdf. Retrieved 2008-07-17.
- ^ "Tribune to launch tabloid for newsstands", The Chicago Tribune, January 13, 2009.
- ^ "-". ChicagoTribune.com. http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/chi-070402tribune-zell,0,294383.story?coll=chi-news-hed. Retrieved 2010-11-07. [dead link]
- ^ (Wendt 1979, pp. 23, 27–28)
- ^ (Cole 1948, p. 14)
- ^ (Keefe 1971, p. 131)
- ^ (Keefe 1975, pp. 233–4)
- ^ Rushton, Wyatt (1916). Joseph Medill and the Chicago Tribune (thesis). University of Wisconsin–Madison via Google Books full view. http://books.google.com/books?id=gcc7AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA7-IA2. Retrieved 2007-10-24. and White, James Terry (1895). The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography: Being the History of the United States. James T. White & Company, via New York Public Library via Google Books full view. http://books.google.com/books?id=Td0DAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA224. Retrieved 2007-10-24.
- ^ Robert Norton Smith (June 10, 1997). Chapter 1, The Colonel, The Life and Legend of Robert R. McCormick 1880-1955. Houghton Mifflin Co. via The New York Times Company. ISBN 0-395-53379-1. http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/s/smith-colonel.html. Retrieved 2007-10-24.
- ^ (Wendt 1979, pp. 57–65)
- ^ (Cole 1948, p. 66)
- ^ (Wendt 1979, pp. 28, 69, 84–86, 127–128)
- ^ a b c "Robert R. McCormick," Current Biography 1941, pp. 545-47.
- ^ "Chicago Tribune I". Spelling Society. http://www.spellingsociety.org/journals/j24/shipley1.php. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
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- ^ Kirkpatrick, Clayton (December 7, 1975). "Reporting the news". Chicago Tribune: p. 4.
- ^ "The Sad Saga of Bob Greene - Chicago magazine - March 2003 - Chicago". Chicagomag.com. http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/March-2003/The-Sad-Saga-of-Bob-Greene/index.php?cparticle=6&siarticle=5#artanc. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ Crimmins, Jerry; Rick Kogan (April 30, 1997). "Mike Royko 1932-1997 - Newspaper legend Mike Royko dies - Pulitzer prize-winning columnist was the voice of Chicago for more than 30 years". Chicago Tribune: p. 1.
- ^ "Film critic comes to defense of rival Siskel". The Bulletin. 1986-04-22. http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1243&dat=19860422&id=AmIPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=7oYDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5742,2075741. Retrieved 2010-11-07.
- ^ Michael Miner (1993-05-21). "Reader Archive-Extract: 1993/930521/HOTTYPE". Securesite.chireader.com. https://securesite.chireader.com/cgi-bin/Archive/abridged2.bat?path=1993/930521/HOTTYPE&search=Siskel%20and%20Squires. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ Blau, Robert (November 20, 1992). "Trib newsman charged in sex case". Chicago Tribune: p. 6.
- ^ "Former editor pleads guilty in sex-abuse case, gets 3 years". Chicago Tribune: p. 3. April 13, 1993.
- ^ Michael Miner (1993-11-05). "Reader Archive-Extract: 1993/931105/HOTTYPE". Securesite.chireader.com. https://securesite.chireader.com/cgi-bin/Archive/abridged2.bat?path=1993/931105/HOTTYPE&search=%22David%20Evans%22. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
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- ^ Michael Miner (1995-08-04). "Reader Archive-Extract: 1995/950804/HOTTYPE". Securesite.chireader.com. https://securesite.chireader.com/cgi-bin/Archive/abridged2.bat?path=1995/950804/HOTTYPE&search=%22Margaret%20Holt%22. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ "Chicago magazine | The Sad Saga of Bob Greene". Chicagomag.com. http://www.chicagomag.com/core/pagetools.php?pageid=5456&url=/Chicago-Magazine/March-2003/The-Sad-Saga-of-Bob-Greene/&mode=print. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ Roderick, Kevin (2005-11-14). "Brenda You, 38, possible suicide *". LA Observed. http://www.laobserved.com/archive/2005/11/brenda_you.php. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ Michael Miner (1994-04-15). "Reader Archive-Extract: 1994/940415/HOTTYPE". Securesite.chireader.com. https://securesite.chireader.com/cgi-bin/Archive/abridged2.bat?path=1994/940415/HOTTYPE&search=Perkins. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ Michael Miner (1994-12-16). "Reader Archive-Extract: 1994/941216/HOTTYPE". Securesite.chireader.com. https://securesite.chireader.com/cgi-bin/Archive/abridged2.bat?path=1994/941216/HOTTYPE&search=Perkins. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ Michael Miner (1996-01-05). "Reader Archive-Extract: 1996/960105/HOTTYPE". Securesite.chireader.com. https://securesite.chireader.com/cgi-bin/Archive/abridged2.bat?path=1996/960105/HOTTYPE&search=%22one-year%20residency%22. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ Tyner, Howard (September 2, 1997). "Introducing a new column by John Kass". Chicago Tribune: p. 1.
- ^ Michael Miner. "Reader Archive-Extract: 1998/980703/HOTTYPE". Securesite.chireader.com. https://securesite.chireader.com/cgi-bin/Archive/abridged2.bat?path=1998/980703/HOTTYPE&search=Ovie. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ a b Miner, Michael (2008-08-21). "Hirt In; Warren Out | The Blog | Chicago Reader". Blogs.chicagoreader.com. http://blogs.chicagoreader.com/news-bites/2008/08/21/hirt-warren-out/. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ http://www.baltimoresun.com/about/bal-about-sun,0,7001763.htmlstory
- ^ http://www.baltimoresun.com/about/bal-about-sun-execpro,0,4434764.htmlstory
- ^ http://corporate.tribune.com/pressroom/?p=2102
- ^ http://www.explorebaltimorecounty.com/
- ^ http://www.patuxent.com/publications.html
- ^ Davey, Monica (April 17, 2001). "Tribune awarded 2 Pulitzers". Chicago Tribune: p. 6.
- ^ Miner, Michael (2008-02-19). "Tribune, blogger win Polk awards | The Blog | Chicago Reader". Blogs.chicagoreader.com. http://blogs.chicagoreader.com/news-bites/2008/02/19/tribune-blogger-win-polk-awards/. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ a b Michael Miner. "Reader Archive-Extract: 2001/011214/HOTTYPE". Securesite.chireader.com. https://securesite.chireader.com/cgi-bin/Archive/abridged2.bat?path=2001/011214/HOTTYPE&search=Holley. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
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- ^ Pappu, Sridhar. "Articles & Archives". Chicago Reader. http://www.chicagoreader.com/hottype/2002/020920_1.html. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
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- ^ "Corrections and Clarifications". Chicago Tribune: p. 2. May 9, 2004.
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- ^ a b Kirk, Jim (2008-09-16). "Former Sun-Times columnist Mariotti not joining Tribune - Chicago Tribune". Archives.chicagotribune.com. http://archives.chicagotribune.com/2008/sep/16/magazine/red-080916mariotti-talks. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
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- ^ a b Rosenthal, Phil (December 2, 2005). "28 newsroom jobs, New City News cut by Tribune". Chicago Tribune: p. 1.
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- ^ Miner, Michael (2008-03-19). "Is Alan Solomon crazy? | The Blog | Chicago Reader". Blogs.chicagoreader.com. http://blogs.chicagoreader.com/news-bites/2008/03/19/alan-solomon-crazy/. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ a b Miner, Michael (2008-08-17). "The Tribune casualty list | The Blog | Chicago Reader". Blogs.chicagoreader.com. http://blogs.chicagoreader.com/news-bites/2008/08/17/tribune-casualty-list/. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ Miner, Michael (2008-08-18). "Paul Salopek Correction | The Blog | Chicago Reader". Blogs.chicagoreader.com. http://blogs.chicagoreader.com/news-bites/2008/08/18/paul-salopek-correction/. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ Miner, Michael (2008-08-18). "More Trib Losses | The Blog | Chicago Reader". Blogs.chicagoreader.com. http://blogs.chicagoreader.com/news-bites/2008/08/18/more-trib-losses/. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ Rosenthal, Phil (August 16, 2008). "Tribune cuts 40 more in newsroom - 2-week total 80 as paper works to stem losses". Chicago Tribune: p. 3.
- ^ Miner, Michael (2008-11-12). "Tribune lays off John Crewdson, others | The Blog | Chicago Reader". Blogs.chicagoreader.com. http://blogs.chicagoreader.com/news-bites/2008/11/12/tribune-lays-john-crewdson-others/. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
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- ^ "Tribune Endorsement: Barack Obama for president". Chicago Tribune (Chicago Tribune). 2008-10-17. http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/opinion/chi-chicago-tribune-endorsement,0,1371034.story. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
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- ^ "It's a whole new day: Your guide to the new Chicago Tribune". chicagotribune.com. http://www.chicagotribune.com/chi-tribune-redesign-htmlpage,0,7090729.htmlpage. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ "Trib buries news in redesign test | Crain's Chicago Business". Chicagobusiness.com. 2008-07-21. http://www.chicagobusiness.com/cgi-bin/news.pl?id=30261&seenIt=1. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ "Tribune Co. files for bankruptcy protection - Business Courier of Cincinnati:". Bizjournals.com. 2008-12-09. http://www.bizjournals.com/cincinnati/stories/2008/12/08/daily16.html. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ "Paper Cuts: Did Chicago Tribune Owner Cut Deal to Fire His Editor? - ABC News". Abcnews.go.com. http://www.abcnews.go.com/Blotter/Story?id=6426449&page=1. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
Further reading[link]
- Cole, Bruce M. (1948), The Chicago Press and the Know Nothings 1850-1856, M.A. Dissertation, University of Chicago
- Keefe, Thomas M. (1971), "Chicago's Flirtation With Political Nativism", Records of the American Catholic Historical Society of Philadelphia 82: 131–158, ISSN 0002-7790
- Keefe, Thomas M. (1975), "The Catholic Issue in the Chicago Tribune Before the Civil War", Mid-America (Loyola University) 57 (4): 227–245, ISSN: 0026-2927
- Wendt, Lloyd (1979), Chicago Tribune: The Rise of a Great American Newspaper, Chicago: Rand McNally, ISBN 0-528-81826-0
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Chicago Tribune |
- Official website
- Official mobile web site
- Chicago Tribune Archives (1852 to present)
- Official Chicago Tribune Archive Photographs Store
- Tribune Company corporate web site
- Tribune Group Overview (external corporate profile)
- Janet A. Ginsburg Chicago Tribune Collection (1880s to 1940s) (searchable database of 12,000 images on 5,500 pages, digitized and available for all educational uses worldwide)
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Tribune
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the U.S. city. For the broadway musical, see Chicago (musical). For the train, see City of Chicago (train). For other uses, see Chicago (disambiguation).
| Chicago | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| — City — | |||
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| Nickname(s): The Windy City, The Second City, Chi-Town, Hog Butcher for the World, City of Big Shoulders, The City That Works, White City, and others found at List of nicknames for Chicago | |||
| Motto: Latin: Urbs in Horto (City in a Garden), Make Big Plans (Make No Small Plans), I Will | |||
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 Chicago
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| Coordinates: 41°52′55″N 87°37′40″W / 41.88194°N 87.62778°W / 41.88194; -87.62778Coordinates: 41°52′55″N 87°37′40″W / 41.88194°N 87.62778°W / 41.88194; -87.62778 | |||
| Country | United States | ||
| State | Illinois | ||
| Counties | Cook, DuPage | ||
| Settled | 1770s | ||
| Incorporated | March 4, 1837 | ||
| Named for | Miami-Illinois: shikaakwa ("Wild onion") |
||
| Government | |||
| • Type | Mayor–council | ||
| • Mayor | Rahm Emanuel (D) | ||
| • City Council | |||
| Area | |||
| • City | 234.0 sq mi (606.1 km2) | ||
| • Land | 227.2 sq mi (588 km2) | ||
| • Water | 6.9 sq mi (18 km2) 3.0% | ||
| • Urban | 2,122.8 sq mi (5,498 km2) | ||
| • Metro | 10,874 sq mi (28,160 km2) | ||
| Elevation | 597 ft (182 m) | ||
| Population (2010 Census)[1][2] | |||
| • City | 2,695,598 | ||
| • Rank | 3rd US | ||
| • Density | 11,864.4/sq mi (4,447.4/km2) | ||
| • Urban | 8,711,000 | ||
| • Metro | 9,461,105 | ||
| Demonym | Chicagoan | ||
| Time zone | CST (UTC−06:00) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | CDT (UTC−05:00) | ||
| Area code(s) | 312, 773, 872 | ||
| Website | cityofchicago.org | ||
| [3] | |||
Chicago (
i/ʃɪˈkɑːɡoʊ/ or /ʃɪˈkɔːɡoʊ/) is the largest city in the US state of Illinois and the third most populous city in the United States after New York City and Los Angeles. The city has around 2.7 million residents.[1] Its metropolitan area, sometimes called "Chicagoland", is the third largest in the United States,[4][5][6] with an estimated 9.8 million people. Chicago is the county seat of Cook County,[7] though a small portion also extends into DuPage County.
Chicago was incorporated as a city in 1837, near a portage between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watershed.[8] Today, Chicago is listed as an alpha+ global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network, and ranks seventh in the world on the 2012 Global Cities Index. The city retains its status as an international hub for finance, industry, telecommunications and infrastructure, with O'Hare International Airport being the second busiest airport in the world in terms of traffic movements. In 2008[update], the city hosted 45.6 million domestic and overseas visitors.[9] Among metropolitan areas, Chicago has the 4th largest Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the world, ranking just behind Tokyo, New York City, and Los Angeles.[10] Chicago is one of the most important Worldwide Centers of Commerce and trade.
Chicago's notoriety has found expression in numerous forms of popular culture, including novels, plays, movies, songs, various types of journals (for example, sports, entertainment, business, trade, and academic), and the news media. The city has many nicknames, which reflect the impressions and opinions about historical and contemporary Chicago. The best known include: "Chi-town", "Windy City," "Second City,"[n 1] and the "City of the Big Shoulders."[n 2]
Contents |
History[link]
Main article: History of Chicago
See also: Origin of the name "Windy City"
During the mid-18th century, the area was inhabited by a Native American tribe known as the Potawatomi, who had taken the place of the Miami and Sauk and Fox peoples. The 1780s saw the arrival of the first known non-indigenous permanent settler in Chicago, Jean Baptiste Point du Sable, who is believed to be of Haitian and French descent.[12] In 1795, following the Northwest Indian War, an area that was to be part of Chicago was turned over by some Native Americans in the Treaty of Greenville to the United States for a military post.
In 1803, the United States Army built Fort Dearborn, which was destroyed in the War of 1812, Battle of Fort Dearborn. The Ottawa, Ojibwe, and Potawatomi tribes had ceded additional land to the United States in the 1804 Treaty of St. Louis. The Potawatomi were eventually forcibly removed from their land following the Treaty of Chicago in 1833. On August 12, 1833, the Town of Chicago was organized with a population of around 200 at that time.[13] Within seven years it would grow to a population of over 4,000. On the 15th day of June, 1835, the first public land sales commenced with Edmund Dick Taylor as U.S. receiver of public moneys. The City of Chicago was incorporated on Saturday, March 4, 1837.
The name "Chicago" is derived from a French rendering of the Native American word shikaakwa, translated as "wild onion" or "wild garlic," from the Miami-Illinois language.[14][15][16][17] The first known reference to the site of the current city of Chicago as "Checagou" was by Robert de LaSalle around 1679 in a memoir written about the time.[18] The wild garlic plants, Allium tricoccum, were described by LaSalle's comrade, naturalist-diarist Henri Joutel, in his journal of LaSalle's last expedition.[19][20]
As the site of the Chicago Portage, the city emerged as an important transportation hub between the eastern and western United States. Chicago's first railway, Galena and Chicago Union Railroad, opened in 1848, which also marked the opening of the Illinois and Michigan Canal. The canal allowed steamboats and sailing ships on the Great Lakes to connect to the Mississippi River. A flourishing economy brought residents from rural communities and immigrants abroad. Manufacturing and retail sectors became dominant among Midwestern cities, influencing the American economy, particularly in meatpacking, with the advent of the refrigerated rail car and the regional centrality of the city's Union Stock Yards.[21]
In the 1850s Chicago gained national political prominence as the home of Senator Stephen Douglas, the champion of the Kansas-Nebraska Act and "popular sovereignty" approach to the issue of the spread of slavery.[22] These issues also helped propel another Illinoisan, Abraham Lincoln, to the national stage. Lincoln was nominated in Chicago for the nation's presidency at the 1860 Republican National Convention and went on to defeat Douglas in the general election, setting the stage for the American Civil War.
To accommodate rapid population growth and demand for better sanitation, the city implemented various infrastructural improvements. In February 1856, the Chesbrough plan for the building of the United States' first comprehensive sewerage system was approved by the Common Council.[23] The project raised much of central Chicago to a new grade. While raising Chicago, and at first improving the health of the city, the untreated sewage and industrial waste now flowed into the Chicago River, then into Lake Michigan, polluting the primary source of fresh water for the city. The city responded by tunneling two miles (3 km) out into Lake Michigan to newly built water cribs. In 1900, the problem of sewage contamination was largely resolved when the city reversed the flow of the Chicago River so that it flowed away from Lake Michigan, rather than into it. This project began with the construction and improvement of the Illinois and Michigan Canal, and was completed with the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal that connects to the Illinois River, which flows into the Mississippi River.
In 1871, the Great Chicago Fire broke out, destroying an area of about 4 miles long and 1 mile wide, a large section of the city at the time. Much of the city, including railroads and stockyards, survived intact, and from the ruins of the previous wooden structures arose more modern constructions of steel and stone which would set the precedent for worldwide construction.[24] During its rebuilding period, Chicago constructed the world's first skyscraper in 1885, using steel-skeleton construction.[25] Labor conflicts and unrest followed, including the Haymarket affair on May 4, 1886. Concern for social problems among Chicago's lower classes led Jane Addams to be a co-founder of Hull House in 1889. Programs developed there became a model for the new field of social work.
During the 1870s and 1880s, Chicago attained national stature as the leader in the movement to improve public health. City, and later state laws, that upgraded standards for the medical profession and fought urban epidemics of cholera, small pox, and yellow fever were not only passed, but also enforced. These in turn became templates for public health reform in many other cities and states.[26] The city invested in many large, well-landscaped municipal parks, which also included public sanitation facilities. The chief advocate and driving force for improving public health in Chicago was Dr. John H. Rauch, M.D., who established a plan for Chicago's park system in 1866, created Lincoln Park by closing a cemetery filled with festering, shallow graves, and helped establish a new Chicago Board of Health in 1867 in response to an outbreak of cholera. Ten years later he became the secretary and then the president of the first Illinois State Board of Health, which carried out most of its activities in Chicago.[27]
In the 19th century, Chicago became the nation's railroad center, a title it still holds. In 1883, the standardized system of North American Time Zones was adopted by the general time convention of railway managers in Chicago.[28] This gave the continent its uniform system for telling time.
In 1893, Chicago hosted the World's Columbian Exposition on former marshland at the present location of Jackson Park. The Exposition drew 27.5 million visitors, and is considered the most influential world's fair in history.[29] The University of Chicago was founded in 1892 on the same South Side location. The term "midway" for a fair or carnival referred originally to the Midway Plaisance, a strip of park land that still runs through the University of Chicago campus and connects Washington and Jackson Parks.
Chicago's flourishing economy attracted huge numbers of new immigrants from Europe and migrants from the eastern states. Of the total population in 1900 not less than 77% were foreign-born, or born in the United States of foreign parentage. Germans, Irish, Poles, Swedes and Czechs made up nearly two-thirds of the foreign-born population.[30] In 1900, whites were 98.1% of the city's population.[31]
20th and 21st centuries[link]
The 1920s saw gangsters, including Al Capone, battle law enforcement and each other on the streets of Chicago during the Prohibition era.[32] In 1924, Chicago was the first American city to have a homosexual-rights organization, the Society for Human Rights. This organization produced the first American publication for gays, Friendship and Freedom.
The 1920s also saw a major expansion in industry. The availability of jobs attracted blacks from the South. Between 1910 and 1930, the black population of Chicago dramatically increased from 44,103 to 233,903.[33] Arriving in the hundreds of thousands during the Great Migration, the newcomers had an immense cultural impact. It was during this wave that Chicago became a center for jazz, with King Oliver leading the way.[34]
In 1933, Chicago Mayor Anton Cermak was fatally wounded in Miami, Florida during a failed assassination attempt on President-elect Franklin D. Roosevelt. In 1933 and 1934, the city celebrated its centennial by hosting the Century of Progress International Exposition Worlds Fair.[35] The theme of the fair was technological innovation over the century since Chicago's founding.[36]
On December 2, 1942, physicist Enrico Fermi conducted the world's first controlled nuclear reaction at Chicago's University of Chicago as part of the top-secret Manhattan Project. This led to the creation of the atomic bomb by the United States, which it used in World War II in 1945.
Mayor Richard J. Daley was elected in 1955, in the era of machine politics. Starting in the early 1960s due to blockbusting, many white residents, as in most American cities, left the city for the suburbs. Whole neighborhoods were completely changed based on race. Structural changes in industry caused heavy losses of jobs for lower skilled workers. In 1966, James Bevel, Martin Luther King, Jr., and Albert Raby led the Chicago Open Housing Movement, which culminated in agreements between Mayor Richard J. Daley and the movement leaders. Two years later, the city hosted the tumultuous 1968 Democratic National Convention, which featured physical confrontations both inside and outside the convention hall, including full-scale riots, or in some cases police riots, in city streets. Major construction projects, including the Sears Tower (now known as the Willis Tower, which in 1974 became the world's tallest building), University of Illinois at Chicago, McCormick Place, and O'Hare International Airport, were undertaken during Richard J. Daley's tenure. When Richard J. Daley died, Michael Anthony Bilandic served as mayor for three years. Bilandic's subsequent loss in a primary election has been attributed to the city's inability to properly plow city streets during a heavy snowstorm. In 1979, Jane Byrne, the city's first female mayor, was elected. She popularized the city further as a movie location and tourist destination.
In 1983, Harold Washington became the first African American to be elected to the office of mayor, in one of the closest mayoral elections in Chicago. After Washington won the Democratic primary, racial motivations caused a few Democratic alderman and ward committeemen to back the Republican candidate Bernard Epton, who ran on the race-baiting slogan Before it's too late.[37] Washington's term in office saw new attention given to poor and minority neighborhoods. Washington died in office of a heart attack in 1987, shortly after being elected to a second term. The balance of Washington's second term was served by 6th ward Alderman Eugene Sawyer. Richard M. Daley, son of Richard J. Daley, was elected in 1989. His accomplishments included improvements to parks and creating incentives for sustainable development. After successfully standing for reelection five times and becoming Chicago's longest serving Mayor, Richard M. Daley announced he would step down at the end of his final term in 2011.
On February 23, 2011, former White House chief of staff and congressman Rahm Emanuel won the municipal election to succeed Daley, beating five rivals with 55 percent of the vote. The other five candidates split the remaining 45 percent of votes.[38] Emanuel was sworn in as Mayor on May 16, 2011.
Geography[link]
Main article: Geography of Chicago
Topography[link]
Chicago is located in northeastern Illinois at the southwestern tip of Lake Michigan. It is the principal city in Chicago Metropolitan Area situated in the Midwestern United States and the Great Lakes region. Chicago rests on a continental divide at the site of the Chicago Portage, connecting the Mississippi River and the Great Lakes watersheds. The city lies beside freshwater Lake Michigan, and two rivers— the Chicago River in downtown and the Calumet River in the industrial far South Side – flow entirely or partially through Chicago. The Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal connects the Chicago River with the Des Plaines River, which runs to the west of the city. Chicago's history and economy are closely tied to its proximity to Lake Michigan. While the Chicago River historically handled much of the region's waterborne cargo, today's huge lake freighters use the city's Lake Calumet Harbor on the South Side. The lake also provides another positive effect, moderating Chicago's climate; making waterfront neighborhoods slightly warmer in winter and cooler in summer.
When Chicago was founded in 1833, most of the early building began around the mouth of the Chicago River, as can be seen on a map of the city's original 58 blocks.[39] The overall grade of the city's central, built-up areas, is relatively consistent with the natural flatness of its overall natural geography, generally exhibiting only slight differentiation otherwise. The average land elevation is 579 ft (176 m) above sea level. The lowest points are along the lake shore at 577 ft (176 m), while the highest point, at 735 ft (224 m), is a landfill located in the Hegewisch community area on the city's far south side.
The Chicago Loop is the central business district, but Chicago is also a city of neighborhoods. Lake Shore Drive runs adjacent to a large portion of Chicago's lakefront. Some of the parks along the waterfront include Lincoln Park, Grant Park, Burnham Park and Jackson Park. 29 public beaches are also found along the shore. Landfill extends into portions of the lake providing space for Navy Pier, Northerly Island, the Museum Campus, and large portions of the McCormick Place Convention Center. Most of the city's high-rise commercial and residential buildings can be found close to the waterfront.
An informal name for the Chicago metropolitan area is Chicagoland, used primarily by copywriters, advertising agencies, and traffic reporters. There is no precise definition for the term "Chicagoland," but it generally means the city and its suburbs together. The Chicago Tribune, which coined the term, includes the city of Chicago, the rest of Cook County, eight nearby Illinois counties: Lake, McHenry, DuPage, Kane, Kendall, Grundy, Will and Kankakee, and three counties in Indiana: Lake, Porter and LaPorte.[40] The Illinois Department of Tourism defines Chicagoland as Cook County without the city of Chicago, and only Lake, DuPage, Kane and Will counties.[41] The Chicagoland Chamber of Commerce defines it as all of Cook and DuPage, Kane, Lake, McHenry and Will counties.[42]
Climate[link]
Main article: Climate of Chicago
The city lies within the humid continental climate zone, and experiences four distinct seasons. Summers are hot and humid, with a July daily average of 84.7 °F (29.3 °C). In a normal summer, temperatures exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on 21 days.[43] Winters are cold, snowy, and windy, with some sunny days, and with a January average of 23.5 °F (−4.7 °C). Temperatures often (43 days) stay below freezing for an entire day, and lows below 0 °F (−18 °C) occur on eight nights per year.[43] Spring and fall are mild seasons with low humidity.
According to the National Weather Service, Chicago's highest official temperature reading of 107 °F (42 °C) was recorded on June 1, 1934, and July 11, 1936, both at Midway Airport. The lowest temperature of −27 °F (−33 °C) was recorded on January 20, 1985,[43] at O'Hare Airport. The city can experience extreme winter cold waves and summer heat waves that may last for several consecutive days. Severe weather is also common in the Chicago area, such as the F4 tornado that devastated the south side of the city on April 21, 1967. As well as the F-5 that ravaged some of the Southwest suburbs on August 28, 1990
| Chicago | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Climate chart (explanation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Climate data for Chicago (Midway Airport), 1981-2010 normals | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 67 (19) |
75 (24) |
86 (30) |
92 (33) |
102 (39) |
107 (42) |
106 (41) |
102 (39) |
101 (38) |
94 (34) |
81 (27) |
71 (22) |
107 (42) |
| Average high °F (°C) | 32.1 (0.1) |
36.5 (2.5) |
47.6 (8.7) |
60.0 (15.6) |
70.9 (21.6) |
80.6 (27.0) |
84.8 (29.3) |
82.6 (28.1) |
75.8 (24.3) |
63.2 (17.3) |
49.1 (9.5) |
35.8 (2.1) |
59.92 (15.51) |
| Average low °F (°C) | 18.5 (−7.5) |
22.2 (−5.4) |
31.2 (−0.4) |
41.3 (5.2) |
51.2 (10.7) |
61.4 (16.3) |
66.9 (19.4) |
65.7 (18.7) |
57.5 (14.2) |
45.5 (7.5) |
34.7 (1.5) |
22.7 (−5.2) |
43.23 (6.24) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −25 (−32) |
−20 (−29) |
−7 (−22) |
10 (−12) |
28 (−2) |
35 (2) |
46 (8) |
43 (6) |
34 (1) |
20 (−7) |
−3 (−19) |
−20 (−29) |
−25 (−32) |
| Precipitation inches (mm) | 2.05 (52.1) |
1.93 (49) |
2.73 (69.3) |
3.63 (92.2) |
4.12 (104.6) |
4.06 (103.1) |
4.01 (101.9) |
3.99 (101.3) |
3.31 (84.1) |
3.23 (82) |
3.42 (86.9) |
2.57 (65.3) |
39.05 (991.9) |
| Snowfall inches (cm) | 11.6 (29.5) |
9.6 (24.4) |
5.5 (14) |
1.0 (2.5) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0.1 (0.3) |
1.3 (3.3) |
8.7 (22.1) |
37.8 (96) |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 10.7 | 8.8 | 11.2 | 11.1 | 11.4 | 10.3 | 9.9 | 9.0 | 8.2 | 10.2 | 11.2 | 11.1 | 123.1 |
| Avg. snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 8.4 | 5.7 | 3.8 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 1.8 | 6.7 | 27.3 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 136.4 | 138.4 | 186.0 | 216.0 | 282.1 | 312.0 | 319.3 | 282.1 | 228.0 | 192.2 | 114.0 | 105.4 | 2,511.9 |
| Source no. 1: NOAA [44], The Weather Channel (records) [45] | |||||||||||||
| Source no. 2: HKO (sun only, 1961−1990) [46] | |||||||||||||
Cityscape[link]
Architecture[link]
Further information: Architecture of Chicago, List of tallest buildings in Chicago, and List of Chicago Landmarks
The outcome of the Great Chicago Fire led to the largest building boom in the history of the nation. In 1885, the first steel-framed high-rise building, the Home Insurance Building, rose in the city as Chicago ushered in the skyscraper era, which would then be followed by many other cities around the world.[47] Today, Chicago's skyline is among the world's tallest and most dense.[48] The United States' two tallest towers are both located in Chicago; Willis Tower (formerly Sears Tower, and the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere), and Trump International Hotel and Tower. The Loop's historic buildings include the Chicago Board of Trade Building, the Fine Arts Building, 35 East Wacker, and the Chicago Building, 860-880 Lake Shore Drive Apartments by Mies van der Rohe. Many other architects have left their impression on the Chicago skyline such as Daniel Burnham, Louis Sullivan, Charles B. Atwood, John Root, and Helmut Jahn. The Merchandise Mart, once first on the list of largest buildings in the world, and still listed as 20th, has its own ZIP code, and stands near the junction of the North and South branches of the Chicago River. Presently, the four tallest buildings in the city are Willis Tower (formerly the Sears Tower, also a building with its own zip code), Trump International Hotel and Tower, the Aon Center (previously the Standard Oil Building), and the John Hancock Center. Industrial districts, such as some areas on the South Side, the areas along the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, and Northwest Indiana are clustered.
Chicago gave its name to the Chicago School and was home to the Prairie School, movements in architecture. Multiple kinds and scales of houses, townhouses, condominiums, and apartment buildings can be found in Chicago. Large swaths of Chicago's residential areas away from the lake are characterized by brick bungalows built from the early 20th century through the end of World War II. Chicago is also a prominent center of the Polish Cathedral style of church architecture. The Chicago suburb of Oak Park was home to famous architect Frank Lloyd Wright, who had designed The Robie House located near the University of Chicago as well as many prominent buildings across the country.
Unlike many Midwestern and East Coast cities, Chicago tends to have wider streets. A positive effect of this is that it alleviates the feeling of being engulfed by the city's large skyscrapers. Most of the city's residential streets also tend to have a wide patch of grass and/or trees located between the street and the sidewalk itself. This has the effect of keeping pedestrians walking on the sidewalk further away from the street traffic. Chicago's Western Avenue is the longest continuous urban street in the world. Other famous streets include North Michigan Avenue, North State Street, Clark, and Belmont Avenue. The City Beautiful movement inspired Chicago's boulevards and parkways.
Culture and contemporary life[link]
See also: Culture of Chicago, List of people from Chicago, Theatre in Chicago, and Visual arts of Chicago
The city's waterfront allure and nightlife has attracted residents and tourists alike. Over one-third of the city population is concentrated in the lakefront neighborhoods (from Rogers Park in the north to South Shore in the south). The city has many upscale dining establishments as well as many ethnic restaurant districts. These districts include the Mexican villages, such as Pilsen along 18th street, and La Villita along 26th Street, the Puerto Rican enclave Paseo Boricua in the Humboldt Park neighborhood, "Greektown" along South Halsted St, "Little Italy" along Taylor St, "Chinatown, Chicago" on the South Side, "Polish Patches" in Avondale and Belmont-Central, "Little Seoul" around Lawrence Avenue, a cluster of Vietnamese restaurants on Argyle Street, and South Asian (Indian/Pakistani) along Devon Avenue.
Downtown is the center of Chicago's financial, cultural, and commercial institutions and home to Grant Park and many of the city's skyscrapers. Many of the city's financial institutions (for example, CBOT, Chicago Fed) are located within a section of downtown called "The Loop", which is an eight-block by five-block square of city streets that are encircled by elevated rail tracks. The term "The Loop" is largely used to refer to the entire downtown area as well. The central area includes the Near North Side, the Near South Side, and the Near West Side, as well as the Loop. These areas contribute famous skyscrapers, abundant restaurants, shopping, museums, a stadium for the Chicago Bears, convention facilities, parkland, and beaches.
The North Side is the most densely populated section of the city outside of downtown and many high-rises line this side of the city along the lakefront. Lincoln Park is a 1,200-acre (490 ha) park stretching for 5.5 mi (8.9 km) along the waterfront and containing the Lincoln Park Zoo and the Lincoln Park Conservatory. The River North neighborhood features the nation's largest concentration of contemporary art galleries outside of New York City. As a Polonia center, due to the city's having a very large Polish population, Chicago celebrates every Labor Day weekend at the Taste of Polonia Festival in the Jefferson Park area.[49] The Chicago Cubs play in the North Side's Lakeview neighborhood, in the Wrigleyville district. Lakeview is also home to Boystown, which, along with Andersonville, are the best known LGBT neighborhoods.
The South Side is home to the University of Chicago (UC), ranked one of the world's top ten universities; and the Museum of Science and Industry. Burnham Park stretches along the waterfront of the South Side. Two of the city's largest parks are also located on this side of the city: Jackson Park, bordering the waterfront, hosted the World's Columbian Exposition in 1893, and is home of the aforementioned museum; and slightly west sits Washington Park. The two parks themselves are connected by a wide strip of parkland called the Midway Plaisance, running adjacent to the UC. The South Side hosts one of the city's largest parades, the annual African American Bud Billiken Day parade. The American automaker Ford Motor Company has an assembly plant located on the South Side, and most of the facilities of the Port of Chicago are here. The Chicago White Sox play in the South Side's Armour Square neighborhood.
The West Side holds the Garfield Park Conservatory, one of the largest collections of tropical plants in any US city. Prominent Latino cultural attractions found here include Humboldt Park's Institute of Puerto Rican Arts and Puerto Rican Day Parade, as well as the National Museum of Mexican Art and St. Adalbert's Church in Pilsen. The Near West Side holds the University of Illinois at Chicago and television production company of Oprah Winfrey's Harpo Studios. The Chicago Bulls and Chicago Blackhawks play on Madison Street.
Entertainment, the arts, and performing arts
Chicago's theatre community spawned modern improvisational theater. Two renowned comedy troupes emerged: The Second City and I.O. (formerly known as ImprovOlympic). Renowned Chicago theater companies include the Steppenwolf Theatre Company (on the city's north side), the Goodman Theatre, and the Victory Gardens Theater. Chicago offers Broadway-style entertainment at theaters such as Broadway In Chicago's Ford Center for the Performing Arts Oriental Theatre, Broadway In Chicago's Bank of America Theatre, Broadway In Chicago's Cadillac Palace Theatre, Auditorium Building of Roosevelt University, and Broadway In Chicago's Broadway Playhouse at Water Tower Place. Polish language productions for Chicago's large Polish speaking population can be seen at the historic Gateway Theatre in Jefferson Park. Since 1968, the Joseph Jefferson Awards are given annually to acknowledge excellence in theater in the Chicago area.
Classical music offerings include the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, recognized as one of the best orchestras in the world,[50] which performs at Symphony Center. Also performing regularly at Symphony Center is the Chicago Sinfonietta, a more diverse and multicultural counterpart to the CSO. A new and interesting addition to the Chicago classical music scene is also the Renovo String Orchestra of Chicago. [51] In the summer, many outdoor concerts are given in Grant Park and Millennium Park. Ravinia Park, located 25 miles (40 km) north of Chicago, is also a favorite destination for many Chicagoans, with performances occasionally given in Chicago locations such as the Harris Theater. The Civic Opera House is home to the Lyric Opera of Chicago. The Lithuanian Opera Company of Chicago was founded by Lithuanian Chicagoans in 1956,[52] and presents operas in Lithuanian.
The Joffrey Ballet and Chicago Festival Ballet perform in various venues, including the Harris Theater in Millennium Park. Chicago is home to several other modern and jazz dance troupes, such as the Hubbard Street Dance Chicago.
Other live-music genre which are part of the city's cultural heritage include Chicago blues, Chicago soul, jazz, and gospel. The city is the birthplace of house music and is the site of an influential hip-hop scene. In the 1980s, the city was a center for industrial, punk and new wave. This influence continued into the alternative rock of the 1990s. The city has been an epicenter for rave culture since the 1980s. A flourishing independent rock music culture brought forth Chicago indie. Annual festivals feature various acts such as Lollapalooza and Pitchfork Music Festival.
Chicago has a distinctive fine art tradition. For much of the twentieth century it nurtured a strong style of figurative surrealism, as in the works of Ivan Albright and Ed Paschke. In 1968 and 1969, members of the Chicago Imagists, such as Roger Brown, Leon Golub, Robert Lostutter, Jim Nutt, and Barbara Rossi produced bizarre representational paintings.
Chicago is home to a number of large, outdoor works by well-known artists. These include the Chicago Picasso, Miró's Chicago, Flamingo and Flying Dragon by Alexander Calder, Monument with Standing Beast by Jean Dubuffet, Batcolumn by Claes Oldenburg, Cloud Gate by Anish Kapoor, Crown Fountain by Jaume Plensa, and the Four Seasons mosaic by Marc Chagall.
Tourism[link]
In 2008[update], Chicago attracted 32.4 million domestic leisure travelers, 11.7 million domestic business travelers and 1.3 million overseas visitors.[9] These visitors contributed more than US$11.8 billion to Chicago's economy.[9] Upscale shopping along the Magnificent Mile and State Street, thousands of restaurants, as well as Chicago's eminent architecture, continue to draw tourists. The city is the United States' third-largest convention destination. A 2011 study by Walk Score ranked Chicago the fourth most walkable of fifty largest cities in the United States.[53] Most conventions are held at McCormick Place, just south of Soldier Field. The historic Chicago Cultural Center (1897), originally serving as the Chicago Public Library, now houses the city's Visitor Information Center, galleries and exhibit halls. The ceiling of its Preston Bradley Hall includes a 38 ft (12 m) Tiffany glass dome. Grant Park holds Millennium Park, Buckingham Fountain (1927), and the Art Institute of Chicago. The park also hosts the annual Taste of Chicago festival. In Millennium Park, there is the reflective Cloud Gate sculpture. Also, an outdoor restaurant transforms into an ice rink in the winter season. Two tall glass sculptures make up the Crown Fountain. The fountain's two towers display visual effects from LED images of Chicagoans' faces, along with water spouting from their lips. Frank Gehry's detailed, stainless steel band shell, the Jay Pritzker Pavilion, hosts the classical Grant Park Music Festival concert series. Behind the pavilion's stage is the Harris Theater for Music and Dance, an indoor venue for mid-sized performing arts companies, including the Chicago Opera Theater and Music of the Baroque.
Navy Pier, located just east of Streeterville, is 3,000 ft (910 m) long and houses retail stores, restaurants, museums, exhibition halls and auditoriums. Its 150-foot (46 m) tall Ferris wheel is one of the most visited landmarks in the Midwest, attracting about 8 million people annually.[54] Chicago was the first city in the world to ever erect a ferris wheel.
On June 4, 1998, the city officially opened the Museum Campus, a 10-acre (4.0 ha) lakefront park, surrounding three of the city's main museums, each of which is of national importance: the Adler Planetarium & Astronomy Museum, the Field Museum of Natural History, and the Shedd Aquarium. The Museum Campus joins the southern section of Grant Park, which includes the renowned Art Institute of Chicago. Buckingham Fountain anchors the downtown park along the lakefront. The University of Chicago Oriental Institute has an extensive collection of ancient Egyptian and Near Eastern archaeological artifacts. Other museums and galleries in Chicago include the Chicago History Museum, the DuSable Museum of African American History, the Museum of Contemporary Art, the Peggy Notebaert Nature Museum, the Polish Museum of America, the Museum of Broadcast Communications and the Museum of Science and Industry.
The top activity while visitors tour Chicago for leisure is entertainment, approximately 33% of all leisure travelers. Facilities such as McCormick Place and the Chicago Theatre contribute to this percentage.[55]
Parks[link]
Main article: Parks of Chicago
When Chicago was incorporated in 1837, it chose the motto Urbs in Horto, a Latin phrase which translates into English as "City in a Garden". Today, the Chicago Park District consists of 552 parks with over 7,300 acres (3,000 ha) of municipal parkland. There are 33 sand Chicago beaches, a plethora of museums, two world-class conservatories, 16 historic lagoons, and 10 bird and wildlife gardens.[56] Lincoln Park, the largest of the city's parks, covers 1,200 acres (490 ha) and has over 20 million visitors each year, making it second only to Central Park in New York City in number of visitors.[57] With berths for more than 5,000 boats, the Chicago Park District operates the nation's largest municipal harbor system; even larger than systems in cities such as New York City, Los Angeles, or Miami. In addition to ongoing beautification and renewal projects for the existing parks, a number of new parks have been added in recent years, such as the Ping Tom Memorial Park in Chinatown, DuSable Park on the Near North Side, and most notably, Millennium Park in a section of one of Chicago's oldest parks, Grant Park in the Chicago Loop.
The wealth of greenspace afforded by Chicago's parks is further augmented by the Cook County Forest Preserves, a network of open spaces containing forest, prairie, wetland, streams, and lakes that are set aside as natural areas which lie along the city's periphery, home to both the Chicago Botanic Garden in Glencoe and the Brookfield Zoo in Brookfield.
Cuisine[link]
See also: Chicago farmers' markets, Chicago Dining, Food manufacturers of Chicago, and Culture of Chicago#Cuisine
Chicago lays claim to a large number of regional specialties, all of which reflect the city's ethnic and working class roots. Included among these are its nationally renowned deep-dish pizza, this style is said to have originated at Pizzeria Uno. The Chicago-style thin crust is also popular in the city.
The Chicago-style hot dog, typically a Vienna Beef dog, is loaded with an array of fixings that often includes neon green pickle relish, yellow mustard, pickled sport peppers, tomato wedges, dill pickle spear and topped off with celery salt – all on a S. Rosen's poppy seed bun.[58] Enthusiasts of the Chicago-style dog frown upon the use of ketchup as a garnish, but may prefer to add giardiniera.
There are several distinctly Chicago sandwiches, among them the Italian beef sandwich, which is thinly sliced beef slowly simmered au jus and served on an Italian roll with sweet peppers or spicy giardiniera. A popular modification is the Combo – an Italian beef sandwich with the addition of an Italian sausage. Another is the Maxwell Street Polish, a grilled or deep-fried kielbasa — on a hot dog roll, topped with grilled onions, yellow mustard, and hot sport peppers.[59]
Ethnically originated creations include chicken Vesuvio, with roasted bone-in chicken cooked in oil and garlic next to garlicky oven-roasted potato wedges and a sprinkling of green peas. Another is the Puerto Rican-influenced jibarito, a sandwich made with flattened, fried green plantains instead of bread. There is also the tamale with chile, mother-in-law sandwich.[60] Yet another is the Greek saganaki, an appetizer of cheese served flambé at the table.[61]
The Taste of Chicago in Grant Park runs from the final week of June through Fourth of July weekend. Hundreds of local restaurants take part.
A number of well-known chefs have restaurants in Chicago, including Charlie Trotter, Rick Tramonto, Grant Achatz, and Rick Bayless. In 2003, Robb Report named Chicago the country's "most exceptional dining destination."
The city is home to 23 Michelin-starred restaurants, with one three-star restaurant, Alinea.
Chicago features a wide selection of vegetarian cuisine, with 22 fully vegetarian restaurants and many vegetarian-friendly establishments within the city.[62][63]
Religion[link]
The wealth of Chicago's religious heritage is displayed in its sacred architecture (especially Roman Catholic) and institutions. Christianity is predominant among the city's population. The city also includes adherents of Judaism, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, Sikhism, and the Bahá'í, among others.
The city played host to the first two Parliament of the World's Religions in 1893 and 1993. Chicago contains many theological institutions, which include seminaries and colleges such as the Moody Bible Institute and DePaul University. Chicago is the seat of numerous religious leaders from a host of bishops of a wide array of Christian denominations as well as other religions. In the northern suburb of Wilmette, Illinois, is the Bahá'í Temple, the only temple for the Bahá'í Faith in North America.
Many international religious leaders have visited Chicago, including Mother Teresa and the Dalai Lama. Pope John Paul II visited Chicago in 1979 during his first trip ever to the United States after being elected to the Papacy in 1978.
Sports[link]
Main article: Sports in Chicago
Chicago was named the Best Sports City in the United States by The Sporting News in 1993, 2006, 2010.[64] The city is home to two Major League Baseball (MLB) teams: the Chicago Cubs of the National League (NL), who play in Wrigley Field on the North Side; and the Chicago White Sox of the American League (AL), who play in U.S. Cellular Field on the South Side. Chicago is the only city that has had more than one MLB franchise every year since the AL began in 1901. The Chicago Bears, one of the last two remaining charter members of the National Football League (NFL), have won nine NFL Championships, including Super Bowl XX. The other remaining charter franchise, the Chicago Cardinals, also started out in the city, but are now known as the Arizona Cardinals. The Bears play their home games at Soldier Field just off the shore of Lake Michigan. Once a home to stock car racing, Soldier field was an aging stadium and was in dire need of renovation by the end of the 20th century. In 2003, Soldier Field re-opened after an extensive renovation, which increased the number of luxury boxes in the stadium and dramatically improved the day of game experience for Bears fans.
The Chicago Bulls of the National Basketball Association (NBA) are one of the most recognized basketball teams in the world. During the 1990s with Michael Jordan leading them, the Bulls took six NBA championships in eight seasons. The Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL), who began play in 1926, and are one of the "Original Six", teams of the National Hockey League (NHL), have won four Stanley Cups. The Blackhawks are the 2010 Stanley Cup champions, and hosted the 2009 NHL Winter Classic at Wrigley Field. Both the Bulls and Blackhawks play at the United Center on the Near West Side. The Chicago Rush has been a member of the Arena Football League since 2001 and won ArenaBowl XX, playing in suburban Rosemont. The Arena Football League front office is also in Chicago. The Chicago Fire are members of Major League Soccer and reside at Toyota Park in suburban Bridgeview, after playing its first eight seasons at Soldier Field. The Fire have won one league title and four U.S. Open Cups since their founding in 1997.
While four of the five major franchises have won championships within recent time – the Bears (1985), the Bulls (91, '92, '93, '96, '97, and '98), the White Sox (2005), and the Blackhawks (2010) — the Chicago Cubs are known for their drought of over 100 years without a championship (currently 103 years as of the 2011 MLB season). The last time the Cubs were in a World Series was 1945. Some fans claim the Curse of the Billy Goat is responsible for the drought.
The Chicago Marathon has been held each year since 1977 except for in 1987, when a half marathon was run in its place. The Chicago Marathon is one of five World Marathon Majors.[65] In 1994, the United States hosted a successful FIFA World Cup with games played at Soldier Field on Chicago's downtown lakefront.
After a months' long process that saw the elimination of several American and international cities, Chicago was selected on April 14, 2007, to represent the United States internationally in the bidding for the 2016 Summer Olympics.[66][67] Chicago had previously hosted the 1959 Pan American Games and the 2006 Gay Games. Chicago was selected to host the 1904 Olympics, but they were transferred to St. Louis to coincide with the World's Fair.[68] On June 4, 2008, the International Olympic Committee narrowed the field further and selected Chicago as one of four candidate cities for the 2016 games. On October 2, 2009, Rio de Janeiro was selected as the host city, with Chicago being eliminated in the first round of voting.
Starting just off Navy Pier is Chicago Yacht Club's Race to Mackinac, a 330-mile (530 km) offshore sailboat race held each July that is the longest annual freshwater sailing distance race in the world. 2010 marks the 102nd running of the "Mac".[69]
Five area colleges play in Division I conferences: DePaul University (Big East Conference), Northwestern University (Big Ten Conference), Chicago State University (Great West Conference), Loyola University Chicago (Horizon League), and the University of Illinois at Chicago (Horizon League).
Media[link]
Further information: Media in Chicago, Chicago literature, List of fiction set in Chicago, and Chicago International Film Festival
The Chicago metropolitan area is the third-largest media market in North America, after New York City and Los Angeles.[70] Each of the big four U.S. television networks, CBS, ABC, NBC and Fox, directly owns and operates a high-definition television station in Chicago (WBBM, WLS, WMAQ and WFLD, respectively). WGN-TV, which is owned by the Tribune Company, is carried with some programming differences, as "WGN America" on cable and satellite TV nationwide and in parts of the Caribbean. The city is also the home of several talk shows, including former The Oprah Winfrey Show on WLS-TV, while Chicago Public Radio produces programs such as PRI's This American Life and NPR's Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me! Chicago's PBS station can be seen on WTTW, producer of shows, such as Sneak Previews, The Frugal Gourmet, Lamb Chop's Play-Along and The McLaughlin Group, just to name a few and WYCC.
There are two major daily newspapers published in Chicago: the Chicago Tribune and the Chicago Sun-Times, with the former having the larger circulation. There are also several regional and special-interest newspapers and magazines, such as Chicago, the Dziennik Związkowy (Polish Daily News), Draugas (the Lithuanian daily newspaper), the Chicago Reader, the SouthtownStar, the Chicago Defender, the Daily Herald, Newcity,[71][72] StreetWise and the Windy City Times. The entertainment and cultural magazine Time Out Chicago is also published in the city.
Chicago is a filming-friendly location. Since the 1980s, many motion pictures have been filmed in the city, most notably The Blues Brothers; Ferris Bueller's Day Off; Home Alone; The Fugitive; I, Robot; Wanted; Batman Begins; The Dark Knight; and Transformers: Dark of the Moon.
Chicago has also been the setting for many popular television shows. Chicago-based TV shows include the situation comedies Perfect Strangers, its spinoff Family Matters, and The Bob Newhart Show. The city served as the venue for the medical dramas ER and Chicago Hope, as well as the fantasy drama series Early Edition and 2005–2009 drama Prison Break, The Good Wife is also set in Chicago. It is also the setting for Glee's 2012 Nationals Show Choir Competition. Discovery Channel films two shows in Chicago: Cook County Jail and the Chicago version of Cash Cab. Chicago is currently the setting of ABC sitcom Happy Endings.
Chicago is also home to a number of national radio shows, including Beyond the Beltway with Bruce DuMont on Sunday evenings.
Economy[link]
Main article: Economy of Chicago
Chicago has the third largest gross metropolitan product in the United States—approximately US$532 billion according to 2010 estimates,[73][74] after only to the urban agglomerations of New York City and Los Angeles, in the first and second place, respectively. The city has also been rated as having the most balanced economy in the United States, due to its high level of diversification.[75] Chicago was named the fourth most important business center in the world in the MasterCard Worldwide Centers of Commerce Index.[76] Additionally, the Chicago metropolitan area recorded the greatest number of new or expanded corporate facilities in the United States for six out of the seven years from 2001 to 2008.[77] The Chicago metropolitan area has the third largest science and engineering work force of any metropolitan area in the nation.[78] In 2009, Chicago placed 9th on the UBS list of the world's richest cities.[79] Chicago was the base of commercial operations for industrialists John Crerar, John Whitfield Bunn, Richard Teller Crane, Marshall Field, John Farwell, Morris Selz, Julius Rosenwald and many other commercial visionaries who laid the foundation for Midwestern and global industry.
Chicago is a major world financial center, with the second largest central business district in the US.[80] The city is the headquarters of the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago (the Seventh District of the Federal Reserve). The city is also home to major financial and futures exchanges, including the Chicago Stock Exchange, the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE), and the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (the "Merc"), which is owned, along with the Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) by Chicago's CME Group. The CME Group, in addition, owns the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX), the Commodities Exchange Inc. (COMEX) and the Dow Jones Indexes.[81] Perhaps due to the influence of the Chicago school of economics, the city also has markets trading unusual contracts such as emissions (on the Chicago Climate Exchange) and equity style indices (on the U.S. Futures Exchange). Chase Bank has its commercial and retail banking headquarters in Chicago's Chase Tower.[82]
The city and its surrounding metropolitan area are home to the second largest labor pool in the United States with approximately 4.25 million workers.[83] In addition, the state of Illinois is home to 66 Fortune 1000 companies, including those in Chicago.[84] The city of Chicago also hosts 12 Fortune Global 500 companies and 17 Financial Times 500 companies. The city claims one Dow 30 company: aerospace giant Boeing, which moved its headquarters from Seattle to the Chicago Loop in 2001.[85][86] Two more Dow 30 companies, Kraft Foods and McDonalds. are in Chicago suburbs, as are Sears Holdings Corporation and the technology spin-offs of Motorola. Chicago is also home to United Continental Holdings, with headquarters in the United Building and operations center at Willis Tower, and its United Airlines subsidiary.
Manufacturing, printing, publishing and food processing also play major roles in the city's economy. Several medical products and services companies are headquartered in the Chicago area, including Baxter International, Boeing, Abbott Laboratories, and the Healthcare Financial Services division of General Electric. Moreover, the construction of the Illinois and Michigan Canal, which helped move goods from the Great Lakes south on the Mississippi River, and of the railroads in the 19th century made the city a major transportation center in the United States. In the 1840s, Chicago became a major grain port, and in the 1850s and 1860s Chicago's pork and beef industry expanded. As the major meat companies grew in Chicago many, such as Armour and Company, created global enterprises. Though the meatpacking industry currently plays a lesser role in the city's economy, Chicago continues to be a major transportation and distribution center. Lured by a combination of large business customers, federal research dollars, and a large hiring pool fed by the area's universities, Chicago is also home to a growing number of web startup companies like CareerBuilder, Orbitz, 37signals, Groupon, and Feedburner.[87]
Late in the 19th century, Chicago was part of the bicycle craze, as home to Western Wheel Company, which introduced stamping to the production process and significantly reduced costs,[88] while early in the 20th century, the city was part of the automobile revolution, hosting the Brass Era car builder Bugmobile, which was founded there in 1907.[89] Chicago was also home to the Schwinn Bicycle Company.
Chicago is a major world convention destination. The city's main convention center is McCormick Place. With its four interconnected buildings, it is the largest convention center in the nation and third largest in the world.[90] Chicago also ranks third in the U.S. (behind Las Vegas and Orlando) in number of conventions hosted annually.[91]
Demographics[link]
| Historical populations | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1840 | 4,470 |
|
|
| 1850 | 29,963 | 570.3% | |
| 1860 | 112,172 | 274.4% | |
| 1870 | 298,977 | 166.5% | |
| 1880 | 503,185 | 68.3% | |
| 1890 | 1,099,850 | 118.6% | |
| 1900 | 1,698,575 | 54.4% | |
| 1910 | 2,185,283 | 28.7% | |
| 1920 | 2,701,705 | 23.6% | |
| 1930 | 3,376,438 | 25.0% | |
| 1940 | 3,396,808 | 0.6% | |
| 1950 | 3,620,962 | 6.6% | |
| 1960 | 3,550,404 | −1.9% | |
| 1970 | 3,366,957 | −5.2% | |
| 1980 | 3,005,072 | −10.7% | |
| 1990 | 2,783,726 | −7.4% | |
| 2000 | 2,896,016 | 4.0% | |
| 2010 | 2,695,598 | −6.9% | |
Main article: Demographics of Chicago
During its first 100 years, Chicago was one of the fastest-growing cities in the world. When founded in 1833, less than 200 people had settled on what was then the American frontier. By the time of its first census, seven years later, the population had reached over 4000. Within the span of forty years, the city's population grew from slightly under 30,000 in 1850 to over 1 million by 1890. By the close of the 19th century, Chicago was the fifth largest city in the world,[92] and the largest of the cities that did not exist at the dawn of the century. Within sixty years of the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, the population went from about 300,000 to over 3 million,[93] and reached its highest ever-recorded population of 3.6 million for the 1950 census.
From the last two decades of the 19th Century, Chicago was the destination of waves of immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe, including (but by no means limited to) Italians, Jews, Poles, and Czechs.[94] To these ethnic groups, the basis of the city's industrial working class, was added an additional influx of African-Americans from the American South — with Chicago's black population doubling between 1910 and 1920 and doubling again between 1920 and 1930.[94]
Owing to racial discrimination in housing, the great majority of American blacks moving to Chicago in these years were clustered in a so-called "Black Belt" on the city's South Side.[94] By 1930, two-thirds of Chicago's African-American population lived in sections of the city which were 90% black in racial composition.[94] Chicago's South Side emerged as America's second largest urban black concentration, following New York's Harlem.[94]
As of the 2010 census,[95] there were 2,695,598 people with 1,045,560 households residing within Chicago. More than half the population of the state of Illinois lives in the Chicago metropolitan area. Chicago is also one of the nation's most densely populated major cities. The racial composition of the city was:
- 45.0% White (31.7% non-Hispanic whites);
- 32.9% Black or African American;
- 13.4% from some other race;
- 5.5% Asian (1.6% Chinese, 1.1% Indian, 1.1% Filipino, 0.4% Korean, 0.3% Pakistani, 0.3% Vietnamese, 0.2% Japanese, 0.1% Thai);
- 2.7% from two or more races;
- 0.5% American Indian.
Chicago has a Hispanic or Latino population of 28.9%. (Its members may belong to any race; 21.4% Mexican, 3.8% Puerto Rican, 0.7% Guatemalan, 0.6% Ecuadorian, 0.3% Cuban, 0.3% Colombian, 0.2% Honduran, 0.2% Salvadoran, 0.2% Peruvian)[96] The Guatemalan, Colombian and Peruvian communities have skyrocketed in the 2000s, and some estimates give higher percentages.
Based on Census data from 2000, the median income for a household in the city was $38,625, and the median income for a family was $42,724. Males had a median income of $35,907 versus $30,536 for females. About 16.6% of families and 19.6% of the population lived below the poverty line.[97]
The city's most populous ethnic group, non-Hispanic white, has declined from 59% in 1970 to 31.7% in 2010.[98] As of the 2007 US Census American Community Survey the largest European ancestries were: Irish: (201,836) German: (200,392) Polish: (179,868) Italian: (96,599) English: (60,307).[99]
According to the 2008 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates for Total Ancestry Reported, for the city of Chicago, the majority of residents, or 64% of 2,986,974 people, reported their ancestry as "other groups".[100] Of the 36% of residents that reported their ancestries in groups that were measured by the U.S. Census Bureau, the largest groups, based on the total population, were: Irish (6.6%); German (6.5%); Polish (5.3%); Italian (3.5%); Assyrian (3.5%); English (2.0%); Sub-Saharan African (1.2%); American (1.1%); Filipino (1.0%); Russian (0.97%); Swedish (0.91%); French (except Basque) (0.9%); Arab (0.7%); Greek (0.6%); Dutch (0.5%); Norwegian (0.5%); Scottish (0.5%); European (0.5%); West Indian (0.5%); Lithuanian (0.4%); Ukrainian (0.38%); Czech (0.4%); Hungarian (0.3%); Scotch-Irish (0.2%); Welsh (0.2%); Danish (0.2%); French Canadian (0.2%); Slovak (0.2%); British (0.1%); Swiss (0.1%); and Portuguese (0.1%).[100] The city also has a large Assyrian population numbering between 80,000–120,000, and it is the location of the seat of the head of the Assyrian Church of the East, Mar Dinkha IV. [101]
Law and government[link]
Main articles: Law and government of Chicago and Political history of Chicago
Chicago is the county seat of Cook County. The government of the City of Chicago is divided into executive and legislative branches. Civil and criminal law cases are heard in the Cook County Circuit Court of the State of Illinois court system, or in the Northern District of Illinois, in the federal system. In the former, the public prosecutor is the Illinois State's Attorney, in the latter, the United States Attorney.
The Mayor of Chicago is the chief executive, elected by general election for a term of four years, with no term limits. The mayor appoints commissioners and other officials who oversee the various departments. In addition to the mayor, Chicago's two other citywide elected officials are the clerk and the treasurer. The City Council is the legislative branch and is made up of 50 aldermen, one elected from each ward in the city. The council enacts local ordinances and approves the city budget. Government priorities and activities are established in a budget ordinance usually adopted each November. The council takes official action through the passage of ordinances and resolutions.
During much of the last half of the 19th century, Chicago's politics were dominated by a growing Democratic Party organization dominated by ethnic ward-heelers. During the 1880s and 1890s, Chicago had a powerful radical tradition with large and highly organized socialist, anarchist and labor organizations.[102] For much of the 20th century, Chicago has been among the largest and most reliable Democratic strongholds in the United States; with Chicago's Democratic vote the state of Illinois has been "solid blue" in presidential elections since 1992. The citizens of Chicago have not elected a Republican mayor since 1927, when William Thompson was voted into office. The strength of the party in the city is partly a consequence of Illinois state politics, where the Republicans have come to represent the rural and farm concerns while the Democrats support urban issues such as Chicago's public school funding. Chicago contains close to 25% of the state's population, and as such, eight of Illinois' 19 U.S. Representatives have part of Chicago in their districts.
Former Chicago Mayor Richard J. Daley's (in office 1955 – 1976) mastery of machine politics preserved the Chicago Democratic Machine long after the demise of similar machines in other large U.S. cities.[103] During much of that time, the city administration found opposition mainly from a liberal "independent" faction of the Democratic Party. The independents finally gained control of city government in 1983 with the election of Harold Washington (in office 1983 – 1987). From 1989 until May 16, 2011, Chicago was under the leadership of its longest serving mayor, Richard M. Daley, the son of Richard J. Daley. On May 16, 2011, Rahm Emanuel was sworn in as the 55th mayor of Chicago. Because of the dominance of the Democratic Party in Chicago, the Democratic primary vote held in the spring is generally more significant than the general elections in November for U.S. House and Illinois State seats. The aldermanic, mayoral, and other city offices are filled through nonpartisan elections with runoffs as needed.
City planning[link]
See also: Community areas in Chicago
Chicago has four main sections: Downtown (which contains the Loop), the North Side, the South Side, and the West Side. The three sides of the city are represented on the Flag of Chicago by three horizontal white strips. These sections can further be informally subdivided or grouped, for example as shown on the map (right). Further sectional references are the Northwest side and the Southwest side. In the late 1920s, sociologists at the University of Chicago subdivided the city into 77 distinct community areas, which can further be subdivided into over 200 neighborhoods.
The central commercial area often is portrayed, as in the map at right, to include parts of Near North Side and Near South Side, as well as the Loop. The North Side is the most densely populated residential section of the city and many high-rises are located on this side of the city along the lakefront. The South Side is the largest section of the city, encompassing roughly 60% of the city's land area. The South Side contains the University of Chicago and most of the facilities of the Port of Chicago.
Chicago's streets were laid out in a street grid that grew from the city's original townsite plat. Streets following the Public Land Survey System section lines later became arterial streets in outlying sections. As new additions to the city were platted, city ordinance required them to be laid out with eight streets to the mile in one direction and 16 in the other direction. The grid's regularity would provide an efficient means to develop new real estate property. A scattering of diagonal streets, many of them originally Indian trails, also cross the city. Many additional diagonal streets were recommended in the Plan of Chicago, but only the extension of Ogden Avenue was ever constructed.
Crime[link]
Main articles: Crime in Chicago and Organized crime in Chicago
Murders in the city peaked first in 1974, with 970 murders when the city's population was over three million people (resulting in a murder rate of around 29 per 100,000), and again in 1992 with 943 murders, resulting in a murder rate of 34 per 100,000.[104] Chicago, along with other major US cities, experienced a significant reduction in violent crime rates through the 1990s, eventually recording 448 homicides in 2004, the lowest total since 1965 (15.65 per 100,000.) Chicago's homicide tally remained steady throughout 2005, 2006, and 2007 with 449, 452, and 435 respectively.
In 2008, murders rebounded to 510, 2nd highest in the country, breaking 500 for the first time since 2003.[105][106] For 2009 the murder count was down about 10% for the year, to 458.[107]
2010 saw Chicago's murder rate at its lowest levels since 1965. Overall, 435 homicides were recorded for the year, a 5% decrease from 2009.[108]
Education[link]
Main article: Chicago Public Schools
Schools and libraries[link]
There are 675 public schools,[109] 394 private schools, 83 colleges, and 88 libraries in Chicago. Chicago Public Schools (CPS) is the governing body of the school district that contains over 600 public elementary and high schools citywide, including several selective-admission magnet schools. There are 9 selective enrollment high schools in the Chicago Public Schools. They are designed to meet the needs of Chicago’s most academically advanced students. The schools offer a rigorous curriculum with mainly honors and Advanced Placement (AP) courses.[110] Northside College Preparatory High School is ranked number one in the city of Chicago. The oldest magnet school in the City of Chicago, Whitney M. Young Magnet High School, was opened in 1975, was attended by the First Lady of the United States, Michelle Obama, and ranked number two.Walter Payton College Prep High School is ranked number three. The Chicago high school rankings are determined by the average test scores on state achievement tests.[111] The district, with an enrollment exceeding 400,000 students (2005 stat.), ranks as the third largest in the US[112]
Chicago's private schools are largely Catholic and Lutheran schools. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago operates the city's Catholic schools, including the Jesuit preparatory schools. Some of the more prominent Catholic schools are St. Rita of Cascia High School, De La Salle Institute, Gordon Technical High School, Cristo Rey Jesuit High School, Brother Rice High School, St. Ignatius College Preparatory School, St. Scholastica Academy, Mount Carmel High School, Mother McAuley Liberal Arts High School, Marist High School, St. Patrick High School, Maria High School and Resurrection High School. In addition to Chicago's network of 32 Lutheran schools,[113] there are also several private schools run by other denominations and faiths, such as the Ida Crown Jewish Academy in West Ridge. Additionally, a number of private schools are run in a completely secular educational environment, such as the Latin School of Chicago, the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools in Hyde Park, the Francis W. Parker School, the Chicago City Day School in Lake View, the Feltre School in River North and the Morgan Park Academy. Chicago is also home of the private Chicago Academy for the Arts, a high school focused on six different categories of the arts, such as Media Arts, Visual Arts, Music, Dance, Musical Theatre and Theatre.
The Chicago Public Library system operates 79 public libraries including the central library, two regional libraries, and numerous branches distributed throughout the city.
Colleges and universities[link]
For a more comprehensive list, see List of colleges and universities in Chicago.
Since the 1850s, Chicago has been a world center of higher education and research with several universities that are in the city proper or in the immediate environs. These institutions consistently rank among the top "National Universities" in the United States, as determined by U.S. News & World Report. Top universities in Chicago are: The University of Chicago; Northwestern University; Loyola University Chicago; DePaul University; Illinois Institute of Technology; and University of Illinois at Chicago.[114] Other notable schools include: Chicago State University; the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, the Illinois Institute of Art - Chicago; East–West University; National-Louis University; North Park University; Northeastern Illinois University; Columbia College Chicago; Robert Morris University; Roosevelt University; Saint Xavier University; and Rush University.
William Rainey Harper, the first president of the University of Chicago, was instrumental in the creation of the junior college concept, establishing nearby Joliet Junior College as the first in the nation in 1901.[115] His legacy continues with the multiple community colleges in the Chicago proper, including the seven City Colleges of Chicago, Richard J. Daley College, Kennedy–King College, Malcolm X College, Olive–Harvey College, Harry S Truman College, Harold Washington College and Wilbur Wright College, in addition to the privately held MacCormac College.
Chicago proper also has a large concentration of graduate schools, seminaries and theological schools such as the Adler School of Professional Psychology, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, the Catholic Theological Union, Moody Bible Institute and the University of Chicago Divinity School.
Transportation[link]
Main articles: Transportation in Chicago and Roads and freeways in Chicago
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Chicago is a major transportation hub in the United States. It is an important component in global distribution, as it is the third largest inter-modal port in the world after Hong Kong and Singapore.[116]
Freeways[link]
Main article: Roads and freeways in Chicago
Nine interstate highways run through Chicago and its suburbs. Segments that link to the city center are named after influential politicians, with three of them named after former U.S. Presidents (Eisenhower, Kennedy) and one named after two-time Democratic candidate Adlai Stevenson.
The Kennedy Expressway and the Dan Ryan Expressway are the busiest state maintained routes in the City of Chicago and its suburbs.[117]
Transit systems[link]
The Regional Transportation Authority (RTA) coordinates the operation of the three service boards: CTA, Metra, and Pace.
- The Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) handles public transportation in the city of Chicago and a few adjacent suburbs outside of the Chicago city limits. The CTA operates an extensive network of buses and a rapid transit elevated and subway system known as the 'L' (for "elevated"), with lines designated by colors. These rapid transit lines also serve both Midway and O'Hare Airports. The CTA's rail lines consist of the Red, Blue, Green, Orange, Brown, Purple, Pink, and Yellow lines. Both the Red and Blue lines offer 24 hour service which makes Chicago one of a handful of cities around the world (and one of two in the United States -the other being New York City) to offer rail service 24 hours a day, every day of the year, within the city's limits.
- Metra, the nation's second-most used passenger regional rail network, operates an 11-line commuter rail service in Chicago and its suburbs. The Metra Electric Line shares its trackage with Northern Indiana Commuter Transportation District's South Shore Line, which provides commuter service between South Bend and Chicago.
- Pace provides bus and paratransit service in over 200 surrounding suburbs with some extensions into the city as well. A 2005 study found that one quarter of commuters used public transit.[118]
Greyhound Lines provides inter-city bus service to and from the city, and Chicago is also the hub for the Midwest network of Megabus (North America).
Amtrak long distance services originate from Union Station. Chicago is one of the largest hubs of passenger rail service in the nation. The services terminate in San Francisco, Washington D.C., New York City, Indianapolis, New Orleans, Portland, Seattle, Milwaukee, Quincy, St. Louis, Carbondale, Boston, Grand Rapids, Port Huron, Pontiac, Los Angeles, and San Antonio. An attempt was made in the early 20th century to link Chicago with New York City via the Chicago – New York Electric Air Line Railroad. Parts of this were built, but it was ultimately never completed.
Six of the seven Class I railroads meet in Chicago, with the exception being the Kansas City Southern Railway.[119] As of 2002, severe freight train congestion caused trains to take as long to get through the Chicago region as it took to get there from the West Coast of the country (about 2 days).[120] About one-third of the country's freight trains pass through the city, making it a major national bottleneck.[121] Announced in 2003, the Chicago Region Environmental and Transportation Efficiency (CREATE) initiative is using about $1.5B in private railroad, state, local, and federal funding to improve rail infrastructure in the region to reduce freight rail congestion by about one third.[122]
Airports[link]
Main article: Transportation in Chicago#Airports
Chicago is served by O'Hare International Airport, the world's second busiest airport, on the far Northwest Side and Midway International Airport on the Southwest Side. In 2005, O'Hare was the world's busiest airport by aircraft movements and the second busiest by total passenger traffic (due to government enforced flight caps).[123] Both O'Hare and Midway are owned and operated by the City of Chicago. Gary/Chicago International Airport and Chicago Rockford International Airport, located in Gary, Indiana and Rockford, Illinois, respectively, can serve as alternate Chicago area airports, however they do not offer as many commercial flights as O'Hare and Midway. Both Gary and Rockford are vying to become Chicago's third major airport, although the state of Illinois in recent years has been leaning towards building an entirely new airport in the Illinois suburbs of Chicago. The City of Chicago is the world headquarters for United Airlines, the world's largest airline. It is also a hub for United Airlines and American Airlines at O'Hare. Chicago is a hub for Southwest Airlines at Midway.
Port authority[link]
Main article: Port of Chicago
The Port of Chicago consists of several major port facilities within the city of Chicago operated by the Illinois International Port District (formerly known as the Chicago Regional Port District). The central element of the Port District, Calumet Harbor, is maintained by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.[124]
- Iroquois Landing Lakefront Terminal: at the mouth of the Calumet River, it includes 100 acres (0.40 km2) of warehouses and facilities on Lake Michigan with over 780,000 square meters (8,390,000 square feet) of storage.
- Lake Calumet terminal: located at the union of the Grand Calumet River and Little Calumet River 6 miles (9.7 km) inland from Lake Michigan. Includes three transit sheds totaling over 29,000 square meters (315,000 square feet) adjacent to over 900 linear meters (3000 linear feet) of ship and barge berthing.
- Grain (14 million bushels) and bulk liquid (800,000 barrels) storage facilities along Lake Calumet.
- The Illinois International Port district also operates Foreign trade zone No. 22, which extends 60 miles (97 km) from Chicago's city limits.
Infrastructure[link]
Utilities[link]
Electricity for most of northern Illinois is provided by Commonwealth Edison, also known as ComEd. Their service territory borders Iroquois County to the south, the Wisconsin border to the north, the Iowa border to the west and the Indiana border to the east. In northern Illinois, ComEd (a division of Exelon) operates the greatest number of nuclear generating plants in any US state. Because of this, ComEd reports indicate that Chicago receives about 75% of its electricity from nuclear power. Recently, the city started the installation of wind turbines on government buildings with the aim to promote the use of renewable energy.[125][126][127]
Natural Gas is provided by Peoples Gas, a subsidiary of Integrys Energy Group, which is headquartered in Chicago.
Domestic and industrial waste was once incinerated but it is now landfilled, mainly in the Calumet area. From 1995 to 2008, the city had a blue bag program to divert certain refuse from landfills.[128] In the fall of 2007 the city began a pilot program for blue bin recycling similar to that of other cities due to low participation rates in the blue bag program. After completion of the pilot the city will determine whether to roll it out to all wards.
Health systems[link]
Chicago is home to the Illinois Medical District, on the Near West Side. It includes Rush University Medical Center, the University of Illinois Medical Center at Chicago, Jesse Brown VA Hospital, and John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, the largest trauma-center in the city.
Two of the country's premier academic medical centers reside in Chicago, including Northwestern Memorial Hospital and the University of Chicago Medical Center. The Chicago campus of Northwestern University includes the Feinberg School of Medicine; Northwestern Memorial Hospital, which is ranked as the best hospital in the Chicago metropolitan area by U.S. News & World Report for 2010–11;[129] the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, which is ranked the best U.S. rehabilitation hospital by U.S. News & World Report; the new Prentice Women's Hospital; and Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, which is currently under construction.
The University of Illinois College of Medicine at UIC is the largest medical school in the United States (2,600 students including those at campuses in Peoria, Rockford and Urbana–Champaign).[130]
In addition, the Chicago Medical School and Loyola University Chicago's Stritch School of Medicine are located in the suburbs of North Chicago and Maywood, respectively. The Midwestern University Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine is in Downers Grove.
The American Medical Association, Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education, American Osteopathic Association, American Dental Association, Academy of General Dentistry, American Dietetic Association, American Association of Nurse Anesthetists, American College of Surgeons, American Society for Clinical Pathology, American College of Healthcare Executives and the American Hospital Association, and Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association are all based in Chicago.
Telecommunications[link]
Using only 3% of the total available bandwidth capacity and 13% of the available fiber pairs, Chicago area data centers move data for local, area, regional and international networks.[8]
Sister cities[link]
Chicago has 28 Sister Cities around the world.[131] Like Chicago, many of them are or were the second most populous city or second most influential city of their country, or they are the main city of a country that has had large amounts of immigrants settle in Chicago. Paris is a Partner City, due to the one sister city policy of their respective French commune.[132]
To celebrate the sister cities, Chicago hosts a yearly festival in Daley Plaza, which features cultural acts and food tastings from the other cities.[131] In addition, the Chicago Sister Cities program hosts a number of delegation and formal exchanges.[131] In some cases, these exchanges have led to further informal collaborations, such as the academic relationship between the Buehler Center on Aging, Health & Society at the Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University and the Institute of Gerontology of Ukraine (originally of the Soviet Union), that was originally established as part of the Chicago-Kiev sister cities program.[133]
Partner City
Paris (France) 1996
Sister Cities
Warsaw (Poland) 1960
Milan (Italy) 1973
Osaka (Japan) 1973
Casablanca (Morocco) 1982
Shanghai (China) 1985- Shenyang (China) 1985
Gothenburg (Sweden) 1987
Accra (Ghana) 1989
Prague (Czech Republic) 1990
Kiev (Ukraine) 1991
Mexico City (Mexico) 1991
Toronto (Canada) 1991
Birmingham (United Kingdom) 1993
Vilnius (Lithuania) 1993
Hamburg (Germany) 1994
Petah Tikva (Israel) 1994
Athens (Greece) 1997
Durban (South Africa) 1997
Galway (Ireland) 1997
Manama (Bahrain) 2004
Moscow (Russia) 1997
Lucerne (Switzerland) 1998
Delhi (India) 2001
Amman (Jordan) 2004
São Paulo (Brazil) 2004
Belgrade (Serbia) 2005
Lahore (Pakistan) 2007
Busan (South Korea) 2007- Tianjin (China) 2008
Bogotá (Colombia) 2009
See also[link]
- List of cities with most skyscrapers
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Central Chicago
- National Register of Historic Places listings in North Side Chicago
- National Register of Historic Places listings in South Side Chicago
- National Register of Historic Places listings in West Side Chicago
Notes[link]
- ^ A. J. Liebling, a New York City writer, coined the term "Second City", labeling Chicago a provincial backwater.
- ^ Carl Sandburg referred to Chicago as the "City of Big Shoulders" in one of his poems, referencing both the blue-collar power house of Chicago's early economy as well as its numerous skyscrapers (whose steel frame designs were largely pioneered in Chicago).[11]
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- ^ "The World According to GaWC 2008". Globalization and World Cities Research Network. GaWC Loughborough University. http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2008t.html. Retrieved April 29, 2009.
- ^ P.J. Taylor et al. (2009). "Measuring the World City Network: New Developments and Results". Research On Relations Between World Cities. Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) Research Network. p. see Table 1. http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/rb/rb300.html. Retrieved April 18, 2009.
- ^ "Why You Should Start a Company in... Chicago". FastCompany.com. February 19, 2010. http://www.fastcompany.com/article/why-you-should-start-a-company-in-chicago. Retrieved November 16, 2010.
- ^ Norcliffe 2001, p 107
- ^ Clymer 1950, p 178
- ^ "Retrieved January 26, 2010". Exhibitorhost.com. September 26, 1987. http://www.exhibitorhost.com/US_Largest_Convention_Centers.html. Retrieved April 17, 2010.
- ^ Chicago falls to 3rd in US convention industry (April 26, 2006)[dead link]. Crain's Chicago Business.
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- ^ a b c d e Lizabeth Cohen, Making a New Deal: Industrial Workers in Chicago, 1919-1939. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1990; pp. 33-34.
- ^ American Community Survey: Chicago city. Retrieved March 6, 2011.
- ^ Factfinder2census.gov
- ^ American FactFinder, United States Census Bureau. "Chicago city, Illinois – DP-3. Profile of Selected Economic Characteristics: 2000". Factfinder.census.gov. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/QTTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=16000US1714000&-qr_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U_DP3&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false&-_sse=on. Retrieved September 14, 2009.
- ^ "Illinois - Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990". U.S. Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html. Retrieved April 22, 2012.
- ^ Factfinder2census.gov
- ^ a b "Table:C04003 – Total Ancestry Reported". 2008 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. United States Census Bureau. 2008. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_bm=y&-state=dt&-context=dt&-ds_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_&-mt_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G2000_C04003&-tree_id=308&-_caller=geoselect&-geo_id=16000US1714000&-search_results=01000US&-format=&-_lang=en. Retrieved March 16, 2010.
- ^ "Assyrians in Middle America" (PDF). http://www.jaas.org/edocs/v10n2/yoab2.pdf. Retrieved 2012-03-31.
- ^ Schneirov 1998, pp 173–174
- ^ Montejano 1998, pp 33–34
- ^ Heinzmann, David (January 1, 2003). Chicago falls out of 1st in murders. Chicago Tribune, found at qrc.depaul.edu/djabon/Articles/ChicagoCrime20030101.htm.
- ^ "Murder rate jumps in 2008". ABC News. http://abclocal.go.com/wls/story?section=news/local&id=6580432. Retrieved May 4, 2009.
- ^ "Chicago's Murder Rate Double American Soldiers Killed in Iraq". Tres Sugar. September 5, 2008. http://www.tressugar.com/1919267.
- ^ "FBI 2005 UCR data". FBI. http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/05cius/data/table_08_il.html. Retrieved August 18, 2010. [dead link]
- ^ Gorner, Jeremy (January 3, 2011). "Chicago homicides in 2010 fell to lowest level since 1965". Chicago Tribune. http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2011-01-03/news/ct-met-chicago-crime-statistics-20110103_1_superintendent-jody-weis-chicago-homicides-violent-crimes. Retrieved January 7, 2011.
- ^ "Chicago Public Schools – Stats and Facts". Chicago Public Schools. http://www.cps.edu/About_CPS/At-a-glance/Pages/Stats_and_facts.aspx. Retrieved June 27, 2009.
- ^ "Chicago Public Schools : Selective enrollment". Chicago Public Schools. http://www.cps.edu/Schools/High_schools/Pages/Selectiveenrollment.aspx. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
- ^ "Top 100 Chicago-area high schools". Chicago Sun-Times. http://www.suntimes.com/news/education/2846182,chicago-area-high-school-rank.article. Retrieved October 30, 2010.
- ^ CPS At A Glance (2005) Chicago Public Schools at www.cps.k12.il.us/AtAGlance.html.
- ^ Pogorzelski 2008, p 58
- ^ "Carnegie Classifications | Institution Profile". Classifications.carnegiefoundation.org. http://classifications.carnegiefoundation.org/lookup_listings/view_institution.php?unit_id=145600&start_page=institution.php&clq=%7B%22ipug2005_ids%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ipgrad2005_ids%22%3A%22%22%2C%22enrprofile2005_ids%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ugprfile2005_ids%22%3A%22%22%2C%22sizeset2005_ids%22%3A%22%22%2C%22basic2005_ids%22%3A%22%22%2C%22eng2005_ids%22%3A%22%22%2C%22search_string%22%3A%22university+of+illinois+chicago%22%2C%22first_letter%22%3A%22%22%2C%22level%22%3A%22%22%2C%22control%22%3A%22%22%2C%22accred%22%3A%22%22%2C%22state%22%3A%22%22%2C%22region%22%3A%22%22%2C%22urbanicity%22%3A%22%22%2C%22womens%22%3A%22%22%2C%22hbcu%22%3A%22%22%2C%22hsi%22%3A%22%22%2C%22tribal%22%3A%22%22%2C%22msi%22%3A%22%22%2C%22landgrant%22%3A%22%22%2C%22coplac%22%3A%22%22%2C%22urban%22%3A%22%22%7D. Retrieved July 3, 2011.
- ^ "History". Joliet Junior College. 2009. http://www.jjc.edu/about/pages/default.aspx. Retrieved July 19, 2009.
- ^ Madigan 2004, p.52.
- ^ "Illinois Department of Transportation". Dot.il.gov. http://www.dot.il.gov/trafficmaps/table.htm. Retrieved April 17, 2010.
- ^ "New Yorkers are top transit users", by Les Christie,CNNmoney.com, 2007-6-29. Retrieved 2009-9-21.
- ^ Appendix C: Regional Freight Transportation Profiles. Assessing the Effects of Freight Movement on Air Quality at the National and Regional Level. U.S. Department of Transportation – Federal Highway Administration (April 2005).
- ^ Winsor, Jeromie (July 14, 2003). "Metropolitan Planning Council". Metroplanning.org. http://www.metroplanning.org/articleDetail.asp?objectID=1707. Retrieved May 4, 2009.
- ^ "The heartland fast-freight rail system". Entrepreneur.com. http://www.entrepreneur.com/tradejournals/article/171140041.html. Retrieved May 4, 2009. [dead link]
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ Preliminary Traffic Results for 2005 Show Firm Rebound (March 14, 2006)PDF (520 KB). Airports Council International.
- ^ U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (November 2007). "Calumet Harbor, IL and IN." Retrieved on November 11, 2008.
- ^ "IIT.edu". IIT.edu. June 20, 2003. Archived from the original on June 5, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080605021018/http://www.iit.edu/~ipro307f/faq.html. Retrieved May 4, 2009.
- ^ "KentLaw.edu". KentLaw.edu. http://www.kentlaw.edu/news/advisory/adv030707.html. Retrieved May 4, 2009.
- ^ By Martin LaMonica Staff Writer, CNET News. "'Micro' wind turbines are coming to town | CNET News.com". News.com.com. http://news.com.com/Micro+wind+turbines+are+coming+to+town/2100-11398_3-6037539.html. Retrieved May 4, 2009.
- ^ "Waste Disposal". Encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org. http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1322.html. Retrieved 2012-03-31.
- ^ "Best Hospitals in Chicago, IL – US News Best Hospitals". Health.usnews.com. 2011-03-29. http://health.usnews.com/best-hospitals/area/chicago-il. Retrieved 2012-03-31.
- ^ About The University of Illinois College of Medicine (2007). UIC College of Medicine at www.medicine.uic.edu/about.
- ^ a b c "Chicago Sister Cities". Chicago Sister Cities International. 2009. http://www.chicagosistercities.com/. Retrieved July 22, 2009.
- ^ "Le jumelage avec Rome" (in French). Municipalité de Paris. http://www.paris.fr/portail/accueil/Portal.lut?page_id=6587&document_type_id=5&document_id=16467&portlet_id=14974. Retrieved July 9, 2008.
- ^ Berdes, PhD, Celia; Levin, Andrew. "Director Emeritus James Webster Looks Backward, Forward". Annual Report 2008. Buehler Center on Aging, Health & Society. pp. 5–7. http://www.northwestern.edu/aging/pdf/Annual2008.pdf. Retrieved July 1, 2009. [dead link]
Bibliography[link]
- Clymer, Floyd (1950). Treasury of Early American Automobiles, 1877–1925. New York: Bonanza Books. OCLC 1966986.
- Cronon, William (1992) [1991]. Nature's Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West. New York: W.W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-30873-1. OCLC 26609682.
- Grossman, James R.; Keating, Ann Durkin; Reiff, Janice L. (2004). The Encyclopedia of Chicago. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-31015-9. OCLC 54454572.
- Madigan, Charles, ed. (2004). Global Chicago. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-02941-0. OCLC 54400307.
- Miller, Donald L. (1996). City of the Century: The Epic of Chicago and the Making of America. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 0-684-80194-9. OCLC 493430274.
- Montejano, David, ed. (1999). Chicano Politics and Society in the Late Twentieth Century. Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-75215-6. OCLC 38879251.
- Norcliffe, Glen (2001). The Ride to Modernity: The Bicycle in Canada, 1869–1900. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-4398-4. OCLC 46625313.
- Pacyga, Dominic A. (2009). Chicago: A Biography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-64431-6. OCLC 298670853.
- Pogorzelski, Daniel; Maloof, John (2008). Portage Park (IL) (Images of America). Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 0-7385-5229-1. OCLC 212843071.
- Robert J. Sampson (2012). Great American City: Chicago and the Enduring Neighborhood Effect. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226734569.
- Sawyer, R. Keith (2002). Improvised dialogue: emergence and creativity in conversation. Westport, Conn.: Ablex Pub.. ISBN 1-56750-677-1. OCLC 59373382.
- Schneirov, Richard (1998). Labor and urban politics: class conflict and the origins of modern liberalism in Chicago, 1864–97. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-06676-6. OCLC 37246254.
- Smith, Carl S. (2006). The Plan of Chicago: Daniel Burnham and the Remaking of the American City. Chicago visions + revisions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-76471-0. OCLC 261199152.
- Spears, Timothy B. (2005). Chicago dreaming: Midwesterners and the city, 1871–1919. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-76874-0. OCLC 56086689.
- Swanson, Stevenson (1997). Chicago Days: 150 Defining Moments in the Life of a Great City. Chicago Tribune (Firm). Chicago: Cantigny First Division Foundation. ISBN 1-890093-03-3. OCLC 36066057.
External links[link]
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| Marni Nixon | |
|---|---|
 Marni Nixon, following a performance at the Metropolitan Room, New York City, 2009 |
|
| Born | (1930-02-22) February 22, 1930 (age 82) Altadena, California, United States |
| Spouse | Ernest Gold (m. 1950–1969) Lajos Frederick Fenster (m. 1971–1975) Albert Block (m. 1983-present) |
| Children | Andrew Gold (1951-2011) Martha Gold (b. 1953) Melani Gold (b. 1962) |
Marni Nixon (born February 22, 1930) is an American soprano and playback singer for featured actresses in movie musicals. She has also spent much of her career performing in concerts with major symphony orchestras around the world and in operas and musicals throughout the United States.
Contents |
Biography[link]
Born Margaret Nixon McEathron in Altadena, California to Charles Nixon and Margaret Elsa (née Wittke) McEathron, Marni Nixon, a child actress, also began singing at an early age in choruses, including performing solos with the Roger Wagner Chorale.[1]
She went on to study singing and opera with Carl Ebert, Jan Popper, Boris Goldovsky and Sarah Caldwell.[1] She embarked on a varied career, involving film and musical comedy as well as opera and concerts. She appeared on American television, dubbed the singing voices of film actresses in The King and I, An Affair to Remember, West Side Story and My Fair Lady, and acted in several commercial stage ventures.
Under her own name, she has also recorded songs by Jerome Kern, George Gershwin, Arnold Schönberg, Charles Ives, Aaron Copland and Anton Webern. Nixon received two Grammy Best Classical Performance, Vocal Soloist nominations, one for her Schönberg album and one for her Copland album.[1]
Opera[link]
 |
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2011) |
Nixon's opera repertory includes Zerbinetta in Ariadne auf Naxos, Susanna in Le nozze di Figaro, both Blonde and Konstanze in Die Entführung aus dem Serail, Violetta in La traviata, the title role in La Périchole and Philine in Mignon. Her opera credits include performances at Los Angeles Opera, Seattle Opera,[2] San Francisco Opera and the Tanglewood Festival among others. In addition to giving recitals, she appeared with the New York Philharmonic under Leonard Bernstein, the Los Angeles Philharmonic, the Cleveland Orchestra, Toronto Symphony Orchestra, the London Symphony Orchestra and the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra among others.
Career highlights[link]
Nixon's career on film started in 1948 when she sang the voices of the angels heard by Ingrid Bergman in Joan of Arc (1948). The next year, she did her first dubbing work when she sang Margaret O'Brien's singing voice in 1949's The Secret Garden. And when Marilyn Monroe sang those high notes in Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend in Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953), it was actually Nixon's voice the audience heard. In 1956 she worked closely with Deborah Kerr doing the star's singing voice for the film version of Rodgers & Hammerstein's The King and I and again the next year she worked with Kerr dubbing An Affair to Remember.[1] In 1961's West Side Story, the studio kept her work on the film (as the singing voice of Natalie Wood's Maria) a secret from the actress[3][4] and Nixon even dubbed Rita Moreno's singing in the film's number "Tonight". She asked the film's producers for, but did not receive, any direct royalties from her work on the film, but Leonard Bernstein contractually gave her 1/2 of one percent of his personal royalties from it.[2] Nixon again dubbed for Wood when Gypsy was filmed in 1962.[1] For My Fair Lady in 1964, she again worked with the female lead of the film, Audrey Hepburn, to perform the songs of Hepburn's character Eliza.[3] Because of her dubbing work for non-singing actresses in musical films, in some circles she became known as "The Ghostess with the Mostest".
[edit] The Sound of Music
Nixon appeared on screen first telling her opinion to the nuns about Maria and then singing for herself as Sister Sophia in the 1965 film The Sound of Music. In the DVD commentary to the film, director Robert Wise comments that audiences were finally able to see the woman whose voice they knew so well.[5]
Later work[link]
She taught at the California Institute of Arts from 1969 to 1971 and joined the faculty of the Music Academy of the West, Santa Barbara in 1980 where she taught for many years.[6][1] In the late 1970s and early 1980s, she hosted a children's television show in Seattle on KOMO-TV channel 4 called Boomerang.[7] In 2001 / 2002, she replaced Joan Roberts as Heidi Schiller in the Broadway revival of Stephen Sondheim's Follies.[1] In 2003, she returned to Broadway as a replacement in role of Guido's mother in the revival of Nine.[8] In the 1998 Disney film Mulan, Nixon sang the role of "Grandmother Fa". Nixon's autobiography, I Could Have Sung All Night, was published in 2006.[2] Nixon performed in the 2008 North American Tour of Cameron Mackintosh's U.K. revival of My Fair Lady in the role of Mrs. Higgins.[9][10]
Family[link]
The first of her three husbands, Ernest Gold, composed the theme song to the movie Exodus. They had three children, including singer/songwriter Andrew Gold (died June 3, 2011).[11]
Honors[link]
On October 27, 2008, Marni Nixon was presented with the Singer Symposium's Distinguished Artist Award in New York City. Marni Nixon is also an Honorary Member of Sigma Alpha Iota International Women's Music Fraternity.
References[link]
- ^ a b c d e f g Ruhlmann, William. "Marni Nixon (Biography)". Billboard.Com. http://www.billboard.com/artist/marni-nixon/9327#/artist/marni-nixon/bio/9327. Retrieved December 23, 2011.
- ^ a b c Bargreen, Melonda (November 3, 2006). "From shadows to spotlight: Acclaimed soprano Marni Nixon, 76, writes her memoir". SeattleTimes.NWSource.Com. The Seattle Times. http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/entertainment/2003339356_marni03.html. Retrieved December 23, 2011.
- ^ a b Lawson, Kyle (Jun. 10, 2008). "6/17-22: Marni Nixon in 'My Fair Lady'". AZCentral.Com. http://www.azcentral.com/ent/arts/articles/2008/06/10/20080610fairlady.html. Retrieved December 23, 2011.
- ^ Prial, Frank J. (March 6, 2007). "Voice of the Many, but Rarely Herself". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/06/theater/06marni.html. Retrieved December 23, 2011.
- ^ Kenrick, John. "Musicals on DVD 8", Musicals101.com, John Kenrick, 2007, accessed November 30, 2011
- ^ Bernheimer: "Marni Nixon", Grove Music Online
- ^ http://www.seattlehistory.org/av_files/boomerang.mp3
- ^ Hernandez, Ernio (September 15, 2003). "Voice of "My Fair Lady" and " West Side Story" Joins Nine on Broadway, Oct. 7". Playbill. Playbill.Com. http://www.playbill.com/news/article/81622-Voice-of-My-Fair-Lady-and-West-Side-Story-Joins-Nine-on-Broadway-Oct-7. Retrieved December 23, 2011.
- ^ Zekas, Rita (May 24, 2008). "Eliza Doolittle and love of hats bring actors together". TheStar.Com. Toronto Star. http://www.thestar.com/article/427923. Retrieved December 23, 2011.
- ^ "My Fair Lady (Cast Biographies)". Center Theatre Group. 2008. http://www.centertheatregroup.org/tickets/MFL_cast.aspx. Retrieved December 23, 2011.
- ^ Leigh, Spencer (June 8, 2011). "Andrew Gold: Musician and songwriter whose collaborators included Ronstadt, Garfunkel and Cher". The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/andrew-gold-musician-and-songwriter-whose-collaborators-included-ronstadt-garfunkel-and-cher-2294196.html. Retrieved December 23, 2011.
Sources[link]
- Nixon, Marni, with Cole, Stephen. I Could Have Sung All Night: My Story. New York, Billboard Books. 2006. ISBN 0-8230-8365-9.
- Martin Bernheimer: "Marni Nixon", Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed September 22, 2008), (subscription access)
External links[link]
- Official website
- Marni Nixon at the Internet Movie Database
- Marni Nixon at the Internet Broadway Database
- Marni Nixon at the Internet Off-Broadway Database
- Interview
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Nixon, Marni |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Singer |
| Date of birth | February 22, 1930 |
| Place of birth | Altadena, California |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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 |
This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (June 2009) |
Eric Morse is the pen name for author and multi-medium artist William Pattison.[1]
Under that name, Pattison wrote the Friday The 13th Young Adult Book Series for Berkley Books, published 1993 through 1994. These books include Mother’s Day, Jason’s Curse, The Carnival, and Road Trip. He is the webmaster of the website Outpost Vevetta.[2]
References[link]
External links[link]
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Morse, Eric |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Eric_Morse
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Morse
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
 |
Parts of this article (those related to Career) are outdated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. Please see the talk page for more information. (January 2012) |
| Olympia Dukakis | |
|---|---|
 Olympia Dukakis, July 2005 |
|
| Born | (1931-06-20) June 20, 1931 (age 81) Lowell, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 1962–present |
| Spouse | Louis Zorich (1962-present) |
Olympia Dukakis (born June 20, 1931) is an American actress. In 1987, she won an Academy Award, a BAFTA and a Golden Globe for her performance in Moonstruck. She received another Golden Globe nomination for Sinatra, and Emmy nominations for Lucky Day, More Tales of the City and Joan of Arc.
Contents |
Personal life[link]
Dukakis was born in Lowell, Massachusetts, the daughter of Alexandra (née Christos) and Constantine S. Dukakis. Her parents were Greek immigrants to the United States, her father from Anatolia and her mother from the Peloponnese.[1][2] She has a brother, Apollo, and is a cousin of Michael Dukakis, a former governor of Massachusetts and the Democratic nominee for president in 1988, for whom she was a delegate from New Jersey at the 1988 Democratic National Convention. She is an alumna of Arlington High School in Arlington, Massachusetts, and was educated at Boston University.
Dukakis has been married to actor Louis Zorich since 1962. They have three children.
Career[link]
Dukakis has held a lengthy career in a diverse range of films, including Steel Magnolias, Mr. Holland's Opus, Jane Austen's Mafia!, The Thing About My Folks, and Moonstruck, for which she won an Oscar for Best Supporting Actress. She also played the role of Anna Madrigal in the Tales of the City television mini-series, which garnered her an Emmy Award nomination, and appeared on Search for Tomorrow as Dr. Barbara Moreno, who romanced Stu Bergman. She appears as Dolly Sinatra (Frank's mother) in the mini-series of Frank Sinatra's life (1992). Her Broadway theatre credits include Who's Who in Hell, Social Security, and the one-woman play Rose. Her theater, film, and television work has also won her an Obie Award, a Drama Desk Award, a Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Award, and a Golden Globe.
Dukakis won a BAFTA Award,and a Golden Globe for Moonstruck and was nominated for the Canadian Academy Award for The Event. She provided the voice of Grandpa's love interest for The Simpsons episode "The Old Man and the Key". In 2003, Dukakis published her national bestselling autobiography Ask Me Again Tomorrow: A Life in Progress. Recent films include 3 Needles, The Librarian: Return to King Solomon's Mines, In the Land of Women, and Away From Her, the 2006 film which cast her alongside Gordon Pinsent as the spouses of two Alzheimers patients.
In 1998, she starred as Charlotte Kiszko in the British TV drama A Life for a Life (ITV), based on the real-life story of Stefan Kiszko, a man wrongfully imprisoned for seventeen years for the murder of a child, Lesley Molseed, after police suppressed evidence of his innocence.
She recently directed the world premiere production of Todd Logan's Botanic Garden at Victory Gardens Theatre in Chicago, Illinois.[3]
In the 2008 season of Hartford Stage, Dukakis starred in the revival of Tennessee Williams' The Milk Train Doesn't Stop Here Anymore, opposite Kevin Anderson.
In 2008, Dukakis also co-adapted and starred in the world-premiere of Another Side of the Island, based on Shakespeare's The Tempest, at Alpine Theatre Project in Whitefish, Montana.
She starred in and executive-produced the 2009 film Montana Amazon, co-starring Haley Joel Osment.
In 2011, Dukakis guest-starred on Law & Order: SVU. She played the role of Debby Marsh, an attorney.[4]
Filmography[link]
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1964 | Lilith | Patient | uncredited |
| 1964 | Twice a Man | Young mother | |
| 1969 | Stiletto | Mrs. Amato, woman accepting perfume | uncredited |
| 1969 | John and Mary | John's mother | |
| 1971 | Made for Each Other | Gig's Mother | |
| 1973 | Sisters | Louise Wilanski, Bakery Shop Employee #2 | uncredited |
| 1974 | Death Wish | Cop at the precinct | uncredited |
| 1974 | Rehearsal, TheThe Rehearsal | ||
| 1979 | Rich Kids | Lawyer | |
| 1979 | Wanderers, TheThe Wanderers | Joey's Mom | |
| 1980 | Idolmaker, TheThe Idolmaker | Mrs. Vacarri | |
| 1982 | National Lampoon Goes to the Movies | Helena Naxos | segment "Success Wanters" |
| 1985 | Walls of Glass | Mary Flanagan | |
| 1987 | Moonstruck | Rose Castorini | Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress American Comedy Award for Funniest Supporting Female Performer - Motion Picture or TV BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress - Motion Picture Kansas City Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actress National Board of Review Award for Best Supporting Actress |
| 1988 | Working Girl | Personnel Director | |
| 1989 | Steel Magnolias | Clairee Belcher | |
| 1989 | Look Who's Talking | Rosie | |
| 1989 | Dad | Bette Tremont | |
| 1990 | Look Who's Talking Too | Rosie | |
| 1990 | In the Spirit | Sue | |
| 1992 | Over the Hill | Alma Harris | |
| 1993 | Look Who's Talking Now | Rosie | |
| 1993 | Cemetery Club, TheThe Cemetery Club | Doris Silverman | |
| 1993 | Digger | Bea | |
| 1994 | I Love Trouble | Jeannie, Peter's Secretary | |
| 1995 | Mr. Holland's Opus | Principal Helen Jacobs | |
| 1995 | Mighty Aphrodite | Jocasta | |
| 1995 | Jeffrey | Mrs. Marcangelo | |
| 1995 | Dead Badge | Dr. Doris Rice | |
| 1996 | Mother | Mrs. Jay | |
| 1995 | Young at Heart | Rose Garaventi | |
| 1996 | Milk & Money | Goneril Plogg | |
| 1996 | Jerusalem | Mother (Mrs. Gordon) | |
| 1997 | Match Made in Heaven, AA Match Made in Heaven | Helen Rosner | |
| 1997 | Picture Perfect | Rita Mosley | |
| 1998 | Better Living | Nora | |
| 1998 | Jane Austen's Mafia! | Sophia | |
| 1998 | Pentagon Wars, TheThe Pentagon Wars | Madam Chairwoman | |
| 1999 | Joan of Arc (miniseries) | Mother Babette | |
| 2000 | Brooklyn Sonnet | Helen Manners | |
| 2003 | Charlie's War | Charlie | |
| 2003 | Event, TheThe Event | Lila | Nominated — Chlotrudis Award for Best Supporting Actress Nominated — Genie Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role |
| 2005 | Whiskey School | Ellen Haywood | |
| 2005 | 3 Needles | Hilde the Missionary Nun | |
| 2005 | Thing About My Folks, TheThe Thing About My Folks | Muriel Kleinman | |
| 2005 | Great New Wonderful, TheThe Great New Wonderful | Judy Hillerman | segment "Judy's Story" |
| 2005 | Intended, TheThe Intended | Erina | |
| 2006 | Day on Fire | Dr. Mary Wade | |
| 2006 | Away from Her | Marian | |
| 2006 | Jesus, Mary and Joey | Sophia Vitello | |
| 2007 | In the Land of Women | Phyllis | |
| 2008 | Poor Things | ||
| 2008 | Price of Art, TheThe Price of Art | Esther | |
| 2011 | Montana Amazon | Ira | |
| 2011 | Cloudburst | Stella | |
| 2010-2011 | Bored to Death | Belinda | |
| 2011 | The Last Keepers | ||
| 2011 | Outliving Emily | short | |
| 2012 | Adventures of the Dunderheads | Ira |
References[link]
- ^ "Olympian heights". The Guardian (London). June 12, 1999. http://www.guardian.co.uk/Archive/Article/0,4273,3874108,00.html.
- ^ An Interview with Olympia Dukakis (BroadwayWorld.com)
- ^ "Olympia Dukakis: The newest fan of the Chicago way". Chicago Tribune. January 30, 2008. http://leisureblogs.chicagotribune.com/the_theater_loop/2008/01/olympia-dukakis.html.
- ^ "Keck's Exclusives: SVU Secures Oscar Winner Olympia Dukakis". TVGuide.com. http://www.tvguide.com/News/SVU-Olympia-Dukakis-1025862.aspx. Retrieved November 23, 2010.
External links[link]
- Olympia Dukakis at the Internet Movie Database
- Olympia Dukakis at the Internet Broadway Database
- Olympia Dukakis at the Internet Off-Broadway Database
- Olympia Dukakis at the TCM Movie Database
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Dukakis, Olympia |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Actress |
| Date of birth | June 20, 1931 |
| Place of birth | Lowell, Massachusetts |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Olympia_Dukakis
Related pages:
http://fr.wn.com/Olympia Dukakis
http://nl.wn.com/Olympia Dukakis
http://pt.wn.com/Olympia Dukakis
http://de.wn.com/Olympia Dukakis
http://it.wn.com/Olympia Dukakis
http://pl.wn.com/Olympia Dukakis
http://ru.wn.com/Дукакис, Олимпия
http://id.wn.com/Olympia Dukakis
http://es.wn.com/Olympia Dukakis
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympia_Dukakis
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
