- published: 14 Apr 2011
- views: 6019
- author: jussikor
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- 2016 Summer Olympics
- Aalborg
- Aarhus
- Aitolahti
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- Amusement park
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Aalborg
Aalborg (or Ålborg) (Danish pronunciation: [ˈʌlb̥ɒːˀ] (
listen)) is a Danish industrial and university city in North Jutland. The city of Aalborg has a population of 104,885 (126,556 including Nørresundby) making it the fourth largest city in Denmark in terms of population. The municipality of Aalborg has a population of 201,142 (2012) making it the third most populous municipality in the country after Copenhagen and Århus. The earliest settlements date back to around AD 700. Aalborg's location by the Limfjord made it an important harbour during the Middle Ages, and an industrial centre later. Today, the city is in transition from a working-class industrial city to a knowledge-based one.
Aalborg traces its history back over 1000 years. It was originally settled as a trading post because of its position on the Limfjord. The sites of what were two settlements and a visible burial ground can be seen on Lindholm Høje, a hill overlooking the city. The sizes of these settlements emphasise the significance of this place as a crossroads. The first mention of Aalborg under its original name Alabu, is found on a coin dated to 1040. An alternative spelling is Alebu and an approximate translation of the name is The (dwelling) place by the stream.
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Aarhus
Aarhus (Danish pronunciation: [ˈɒːhuːˀs] ( listen)) is the second-largest city in Denmark. The principal port of Denmark, Aarhus is on the east side of the peninsula of Jutland in the geographical center of Denmark. Aarhus is the seat of the council of Aarhus municipality with 315,193 inhabitants and 252,213 (1 January 2012) in the inner urban area. According to Aarhus municipality, the "Greater Aarhus" area has a population of about 1.2 million people. The city claims the unofficial title "Capital of Jutland".
Aarhus is the main and biggest city in the East Jutland metropolitan area (Danish: Byregion Østjylland), which is a co-operation in eastern Jutland with 17 municipalities. With more than 1.2 million people living in the East Jutland metropolitan area it represents approximately 23% of the population of Denmark. Aarhus has the second-largest urban area in Denmark after Copenhagen.
The city was mentioned for the first time by Adam of Bremen who stated that "Reginbrand, bishop of the church of Aarhus (Harusa)" participated in a church meeting in the city of Ingelheim in Germany.
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Akaa
Akaa (Swedish: Ackas) is a town and a municipality in Pirkanmaa, Finland. It was created on January 1, 2007 when the town of Toijala and the municipality of Viiala were united into a single town. The municipality of Kylmäkoski was consolidated with Akaa on 1 January 2011.
The convert has a population of 17,086 (31 January 2012) and covers an area of 314.38 square kilometres (121.38 sq mi) of which 21.24 km2 (8.20 sq mi) is water. The population density is 58.29 inhabitants per square kilometre (151.0 /sq mi).
Akaa, as well as the town of Toijala and the former municipality of Viiala are situated by the lake Vanajavesi, which is the most central watercourse in the Tavastia Proper region as well as in the southern parts of the Pirkanmaa region.
Akaa is also known about volleyball club Akaa-Volley.
Media related to Akaa at Wikimedia Commons
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Amuri, Tampere
Amuri is a district in the city of Tampere, Finland.
Starting from the 19th century, Amuri was originally mainly a residence area for the workers of the Finlayson factory. It consisted of blocks of wooden houses built together, which were replaced by low-rise apartment buildings in the 1970s and 1980s. The worker apartments in Amuri typically had shared kitchens, with two or four families sharing a kitchen together. One block has been preserved as a museum. Amuri also has a disused train traffic stop.
Amuri stretches from Hämeenpuisto to Sepänkatu and from Paasikiventie to Pirkankatu. For tourists, there is a lot to see in Amuri: the Metso main library, the Tampere Art Museum, the Moomin Museum, the Tampere Rock Museum and the traditional worker residence block. The amusement park Särkänniemi is located immediately north of Amuri on the shore of the Näsijärvi lake. Places to eat in Amuri include the Metso library café, the old-fashioned Worker Museum café, the Amurin Helmi restaurant, or the amusement centre Hepokatti.
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Aura River
The Aura River (Finnish Aurajoki; Swedish Aura å) is a river in south-western Finland. Its sources are in the town of Oripää, and it flows through Pöytyä, Aura and Lieto before discharging into the Archipelago Sea in the middle of the city of Turku. The total length of the river is about 70 kilometres (43 mi), and it contains eleven rapids, the biggest of which is Nautelankoski at Lieto. The reserve tap water for Turku Region is drawn from the Aura river, the city's secondary waterworks being situated by the Halinen rapids.
The word "Aura" appears to come from an archaic Swedish word for waterway (aathra, which is still current in the form ådra), but in Finnish it translates as "plow," a name the river lives up to. Situated in an agricultural zone, it's turbidied by surface runoff from nearby farms with eutrophication as the biggest threat. Its condition has been improving since the 1970s and the Aura river is now clean enough to support salmon.
The banks of the river have been inhabited on locations at least 6000 years ago. It is notable for the cultural heritage in Finland. The archdiocese of Finland has been situated near the river since the thirteenth century.
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Austria
Austria (
i/ˈɒstriə/ or /ˈɔːstriə/; German: Österreich [ˈøːstɐˌʁaɪç] ( listen)), officially the Republic of Austria (German: 
Republik Österreich (help·info)), is a landlocked country of roughly 8.47 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Hungary and Slovakia to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers 83,855 square kilometres (32,377 sq mi) and has a temperate and alpine climate. Austria's terrain is highly mountainous due to the presence of the Alps; only 32% of the country is below 500 metres (1,640 ft), and its highest point is 3,798 metres (12,461 ft). The majority of the population speak local Austro-Bavarian dialects of German as their native language, and German in its standard form is the country's official language. Other local official languages are Burgenland Croatian, Hungarian and Slovene.
The origins of modern-day Austria date back to the time of the Habsburg dynasty when the vast majority of the country was a part of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. During the 17th and 18th centuries, Austria became one of the great powers of Europe and, in response to the coronation of Napoleon I as the Emperor of the French, the Austrian Empire was officially proclaimed in 1804. In 1867, the Austrian Empire was reformed into Austria-Hungary.
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Battle of Tampere
The Battle of Tampere of the Finnish Civil War was fought in Finland in 1918 between Red and White forces. The White forces besieged and captured the main city of the Red Guards, Tampere, taking around 10,000 Red prisoners.
The battle was decisive, and soon afterwards the war was over. Even after the war, some Red Guard soldiers tried to make it to the Russian border, as they believed the alternative was to be captured and be placed in prison camps by the White Guards where conditions were thought to be inhumane.
Coordinates: 61°30′N 23°45′E / 61.5°N 23.75°E / 61.5; 23.75
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Bergen
Bergen (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈbærɡən] (listen)) is a city and municipality in Hordaland on the west coast of Norway. As of 26 June 2012, the municipality had a population of 265,800 and Greater Bergen had a population of 391,000, making Bergen the second-largest city in Norway. The municipality covers and area of 465 square kilometers (180 sq mi) and is located on the peninsula of Bergenshalvøyen. The city center and northern neighborhoods are located on Byfjorden and the city is built around the Seven Mountains. Many of the extra-municipal suburbs are located on islands. Bergen is the administrative center of Hordaland and consists of eight boroughs—Arna, Årstad, Åsane, Bergenhus, Fana, Fyllingsdalen, Laksevåg and Ytrebygda.
Trading in Bergen may have started as early as the 1020s, but the city was not incorporated until 1070. It served as Norway's capital from 1217 to 1299, and from the end of the 13th century became a bureau city of the Hanseatic League. Until 1789, Bergen enjoyed exclusive rights to mediate trade between Northern Norway and abroad. The remains of the quays, Bryggen, is a World Heritage Site. The city was hit by numerous fires. The Norwegian School of Economics was founded in 1936 and the University of Bergen in 1946. From 1831 to 1972, Bergen was its own county, after which Bergen amalgamated with the surrounding municipalities.
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Borås
Borås (Swedish pronunciation: [bʊˈroːs]) is a locality and the seat of Borås Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden. It had 66,273 inhabitants in 2010.
Borås is located at the point of two crossing railways, among them the railway between Gothenburg and Kalmar, and is often considered[citation needed] the Swedish city gaining the most from the nationwide railway system laid between 1870-1910.
The city of Borås received its privileges in 1621 by King Gustav II Adolf. The reason was to give local pedlars a legal place for vending their merchandise. The city developed soon after it was founded. After a century it had increased to over 2,000 inhabitants.
Borås has been ravaged by fires four times: in 1681, 1727, 1822 and 1827. The Caroli church is the oldest of Borås's buildings, and has withstood all fires.
The city arms depicts two sheep-shearing scissors, a tribute to the vast number of smiths in the town in early history. It currently holds the Swedish record in the number of established mail-order firms.
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Braşov
Brașov (Romanian pronunciation: [braˈʃov] ( listen); German: Kronstadt; Hungarian: Brassó, Hungarian pronunciation: [’brɒʃʃoː]; Medieval Latin: Brassovia or Corona; 1950–1960: Orașul Stalin) is a city in Romania and the capital of Brașov County.
According to the last Romanian census, from 2011, there were 227,961 people living within the city of Brașov, making it the 8th most populated city in Romania, and the metropolitan area is home to 335,668 residents.
Brașov is located in the central part of the country, about 166 km north of Bucharest. It is surrounded by the Southern Carpathians and is part of the Transylvania region.
The city is notable for being the birthplace of the national anthem of Romania and for hosting the Golden Stag International Music Festival.
The city was first attested in 1235 AD under the name Corona, a Latin word meaning "crown", a name given by the German colonists. The current Romanian and Hungarian names are derived from the Turkic word barasu, meaning "white water" with a Slavic suffix -ov.
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Busan Gudeok Stadium
Busan Gudeok Stadium (Korean: 부산 구덕 운동장; Hanja: 釜山九德運動場) is a multi-purpose stadium in Busan, South Korea. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium holds 24,363 people and opened in 1928. During the 1988 Summer Olympics, it hosted some football preliminary matches. And it was a main stadium for the 2nd East Asian Games.
Coordinates: 35°06′59″N 129°00′52″E / 35.116495°N 129.01449°E / 35.116495; 129.01449
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Canada
Canada ( /ˈkænədə/) is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean. Spanning over 9,900,000 km2 (3,800,000 sq mi), Canada is the world's second-largest country by total area, and its common border with the United States is the longest land border in the world.
The land that is now Canada has been inhabited for millennia by various Aboriginal peoples. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French colonial expeditions explored, and later settled, along the region's Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the Seven Years' War. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy; the Canada Act 1982 severed the vestiges of legal dependence on Britain.
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Champion Hill
Champion Hill is a football stadium on the cusp of East Dulwich and Camberwell in South London, in the London Borough of Southwark.
It is the home ground of Dulwich Hamlet, and Fisher FC currently share the ground. 'The Hill' was formerly one of the largest amateur grounds in England, with attendances often reaching 20,000 and beyond. However, Dulwich Hamlet fell on hard times, so much of the land they owned was sold for development of a Sainsbury's supermarket. The subsequent stadium was previously the training pitch before the 1980s. During the 1948 Summer Olympics, (Old) Champion Hill hosted football matches.
As well as being the home of Dulwich Hamlet, and Fisher, the ground is also used for other matches, including county cup ties, and county league matches. The ground is also now used by Millwall's ladies team, Millwall Lionesses L.F.C..
Coordinates: 51°27′40.43″N 0°05′02.62″W / 51.4612306°N 0.0840611°W / 51.4612306; -0.0840611
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China
China (i/ˈtʃaɪnə/; Chinese: 中国; pinyin: Zhōngguó; see also Names of China), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is the world's most-populous country, with a population of over 1.3 billion. Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometres, the East Asian state is the world's second-largest country by land area, and the third- or fourth-largest in total area, depending on the definition of total area.
The People's Republic of China is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of China. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four directly controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau). Its capital city is Beijing. The PRC also claims Taiwan—which is controlled by the Republic of China (ROC), a separate political entity—as its 23rd province, a claim controversial due to the complex political status of Taiwan and the unresolved Chinese Civil War. The PRC government denies the legitimacy of the ROC.
wn.com/China -
Copenhagen
Copenhagen ( /ˈkoʊpənheɪɡən/ or /ˈkoʊpənhɑːɡən/; Danish: København pronounced [kʰøb̥m̩ˈhɑʊ̯ˀn] ( listen), Latin: Hafnia) is the capital of Denmark and its most populous city, with an urban population of 1,213,822 (as of 1 January 2012 (2012 -01-01)[update]) and a metropolitan population of 1,935,746 (as of 1 April 2012 (2012 -04-01)[update]). With the completion of the transnational Øresund Bridge in 2000, Copenhagen has become the centre of the increasingly integrating Øresund Region. Within this region, Copenhagen and the Swedish city of Malmö are growing into a combined metropolitan area. Copenhagen is situated on the islands of Zealand and Amager.
First documented in the 11th century, Copenhagen became the capital of Denmark in the beginning of the 15th century. During the 17th century, under the reign of Christian IV, it became a significant regional centre.
Copenhagen is a major regional centre of culture, business, media, and science, as indicated by several international surveys and rankings (see International rankings below). Life science, information technology and shipping are important sectors, and research & development plays a major role in the city's economy. Its strategic location and excellent infrastructure, with the largest airport in Scandinavia,Kastrup, located 14 minutes by train from the city centre, have made it a regional hub and a popular location for regional headquarters and conventions.
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Czech Republic
The Czech Republic (i/ˈtʃɛk/ CHEK;Czech: Česká republika, pronounced [ˈtʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka] ( listen), short form Česko Czech pronunciation: [ˈtʃɛskɔ]) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the north, Germany to the west, Austria to the south and Slovakia to the east. Its capital and largest city, with 1.3 million inhabitants, is Prague.
It is a pluralist multi-party parliamentary representative democracy, a member of the European Union, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the Council of Europe and the Visegrád Group.
The Czech state, formerly known as Bohemia, was formed in the late 9th century as a small duchy around Prague, at that time under dominance of the powerful Great Moravian Empire (which reached its greatest territorial extent during the reign of Svatopluk I from the House of Mojmír). After the fall of the Empire in 907, the centre of power was transferred from Moravia to Bohemia, under the Přemyslids. During the rule of Přemyslid dukes/kings and their successors, the Luxembourgs, the country reached its greatest territorial extent (13th–14th century). Life in the country was significantly affected by the Hussite wars, during which it faced economic embargo and crusades from all over Europe. Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526, the Crown of Bohemia was gradually integrated into the Habsburg monarchy as one of its three principal parts alongside the Archduchy of Austria and the Kingdom of Hungary. The Bohemian Revolt (1618–20) led to the further centralization of the monarchy including forced recatholization and Germanization. During radical reforms in the 18th century the Bohemian Crown was even de facto abolished (1749). In the 19th century the Czech lands became the industrial powerhouse of the monarchy and the core of the Republic of Czechoslovakia which was formed in 1918, following the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian empire after World War I.
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Denmark
The Kingdom of Denmark (Danish: Kongeriget Danmark, pronounced [ˈkɔŋəʁiːəð ˈdanmɑɡ̊] ( listen)) is a constitutional monarchy and sovereign state consisting the country of Denmark in northern Europe and two autonomous constituent countries, the Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic and Greenland in North America. The kingdom is a unitary state with some power being devolved from Denmark proper to Greenland and the Faroe Islands; this polity is referred to as the Danish Realm. Denmark proper is the hegemonial area, where judicial, executive, and legislative power resides. The Faroe Islands are defined to be a community of people within the kingdom, and the Greenlandic people are defined as a separate people with the right to self-determination.
Denmark is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, located southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. The country consists of a large peninsula, Jutland and many islands, most notably Zealand, Funen, Lolland, Falster and Bornholm, as well as hundreds of minor islands often referred to as the Danish Archipelago.
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Dongdaemun Stadium
The Dongdaemun Stadium, was in Seoul, South Korea and included a multi-purpose athletics stadium, a baseball park and other sports facilities. It was located near the Dongdaemun or Great East Gate and the surrounding Dongdaemun market and had many vendors selling athletics-related goods. It was demolished in 2008 to make way for the Dongdaemun Design Plaza & Park.
Construction on the main athletics stadium and baseball field began on May 26, 1925 and was opened for use in March 1926 as the Gyeongseong Stadium. The venue was the main center for sports events in the city, and, along with the Kirim Stadium in Pyongyang, was one of the two venues used in the Gyeongseong-Pyongyang inter-city soccer tournament in the 1930s.
The stadium was the location for mass celebrations of the end of Japanese colonial rule, as almost 250,000 citizens gathered at the venue on August 15, 1945, to celebrate the liberation.
Additional construction was undertaken in 1962 to modernize the two existing venues as well as create a swimming pool, volleyball courts and soft clay tennis courts. Floodlights were added to the baseball venue in 1966 and the athletics venue in 1968 to allow for nighttime sporting events.
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Drei Flüsse Stadion
Drei Flüsse Stadion is a multi-use stadium in Passau, Germany. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of 1. FC Passau. The stadium has a capacity of 20,000 people and was built in 1972. For the 1972 Summer Olympics in neighboring Munich, it hosted six football matches.
Coordinates: 48°33′52″N 13°25′22″E / 48.56444°N 13.42278°E / 48.56444; 13.42278
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Eskilstuna
Eskilstuna (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈɛskilsˈtʉːna]) is a city and the seat of Eskilstuna Municipality, Södermanland County, Sweden with 97 692 inhabitants in 2012. Eskilstuna has a large Sweden Finn population. The town is located on the River Eskilstunaån, which connects Lake Hjälmaren and Lake Mälaren.
Eskilstuna's history dates back to medieval times when English monk Saint Eskil made "Tuna" his base and diocese of the South coast of Lake Mälaren. Saint Eskil was stoned to death by the pagan vikings of neighbouring town Strängnäs, 30 km east of Eskilstuna, trying to convert them to Christianity. Saint Eskil was buried in his monastery church in Tuna. Later the pagan city of Strängnäs was Christianised and was given the privilege of becoming diocese of South Lake Mälaren. Later "Eskil" was added in to the word "Tuna". However, the town of Eskilstuna did not receive municipal privileges due to its proximity to the medieval city of Torshälla. The monastery of Saint Eskil was completely destroyed by Swedish king Gustav Vasa during the Protestant Reformation and was replaced with the royal castle of Eskilstuna House. The city's first city privileges were granted in 1659, and its boundaries included Tunafors and the newly founded town of Karl Gustavs Stad ("City of Karl Gustav"), located on the west side of the river. Karl Gustavs Stad was built around the iron forges of master smith Reinhold Rademacher, encouraged by King Karl X Gustav. The first products of the forges were small arms and artillery.
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Espoo
Espoo (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈespoː]; Swedish: Esbo, [ˈɛsbo]) is the second largest city and municipality in Finland. The population of the city of Espoo is 252,730 (31 January 2012). It is part of the Helsinki Metropolitan Area along with the cities of Helsinki, Vantaa, and Kauniainen. Espoo shares its eastern border with Helsinki and Vantaa, while enclosing Kauniainen. Espoo is the only municipality in Finland to fully enclose another municipality. The city is on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, in the region of Uusimaa.
Other bordering municipalities of Espoo are Nurmijärvi and Vihti in the north and Kirkkonummi in the west. The national park of Nuuksio is situated in northwest Espoo.
Espoo encompasses 528 square kilometres (204 sq mi), of which 312 km2 (120 sq mi) is land.
Espoo has several local regional centers. Espoo is thus divided into seven major areas (Finnish: suuralueet, Swedish: storområden): Vanha-Espoo (with administrative center), Suur-Espoonlahti, Pohjois-Espoo, Suur-Kauklahti, Suur-Leppävaara, Suur-Matinkylä and Suur-Tapiola.
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Estádio do Morumbi
Estádio Cícero Pompeu de Toledo is a stadium in São Paulo, Brazil, home of São Paulo Futebol Clube and its formal name honors Cícero Pompeu de Toledo, who was São Paulo FC's chairman during most of the stadium construction, and died before its inauguration.
The stadium was designed by the architect João Batista Vilanova Artigas.
It is also a football venue of the 2016 Summer Olympics.
In the early years of its existence, São Paulo FC used for their headquarters and home field the Finca Forest, located beside the Bridge of Flags next to Tietê river in the center of São Paulo. This is why their home is referred to as the São Paulo da Floresta during the club's first incarnation, from January 1930 until May 1935.
When the club was refounded in December 1935, it had its own field until 1938, when the union with Estudantes Paulista gave São Paulo possession of the Bristol stadium belonging to Antarctica.
In 1944, São Paulo bought a piece of ground called Canindé, which was only used as a headquarters and training location. The area was too small for the construction of a large stadium, so studies were done to find another home within the city of São Paulo.
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Faroe Islands
Coordinates: 62°00′N 06°47′W / 62°N 6.783°W / 62; -6.783
The Faroe Islands (Faroese: Føroyar pronounced [ˈfœɹjaɹ], Danish: Færøerne Danish pronunciation: [ˈfæɐ̯øːˀɐnə]) are an island group situated between the Norwegian Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, approximately halfway between Norway and Iceland. The islands form a self-governing country under the sovereignty of the Kingdom of Denmark. The total area is approximately 1,400 km² (540 sq mi) with a 2010 population of almost 50,000 people.
The Faroe Islands has been a self-governing dependency of Denmark since 1948. Over the years, the Faroese have taken control of most domestic matters. Areas that remain the responsibility of Denmark include military defence, police, justice, currency and foreign affairs. The Faroe Islands also has representatives in the Nordic Council as members of the Danish delegation.
The Faroe Islands were associated with and taxed by Denmark and Norway up to 1814, when Norway fell under the rule of Sweden. Scandinavia was in political turmoil following the Sixth Coalition of the Napoleonic Wars, when the Treaty of Kiel granted Denmark control over the Faroes, Iceland and Greenland in 1814. The Danish trade monopoly ended in 1856.
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Finland
Coordinates: 65°N 27°E / 65°N 027°E / 65; 027
Finlandi/ˈfɪnlənd/ ( Finnish: Suomi; Swedish: Finland (help·info)), officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.
Around 5.4 million people reside in Finland, with the majority concentrated in the southern region. It is the eighth largest country in Europe in terms of area and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union. Finland is a parliamentary republic with a central government based in Helsinki and local governments in 336 municipalities, and an autonomous region of the Åland Islands. About one million residents live in the Greater Helsinki area, which consists of Helsinki, Espoo, Kauniainen and Vantaa, and a third of the country's GDP is produced there. Other larger cities include Tampere, Turku, Oulu, Jyväskylä, Lahti and Kuopio.
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Frank Clair Stadium
Frank Clair Stadium is a Canadian football stadium in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is located in Lansdowne Park, on the southern edge of The Glebe neighbourhood, where Bank Street crosses the Rideau Canal.
The stadium was the home of the Ottawa Rough Riders of the Canadian Football League from 1908 to 1996, when the team ceased operations. It was the home of the Ottawa Renegades from 2002 until 2005. A previous incarnation of the stadium served as the home venue of the Ottawa Giants minor-league baseball franchise.
The stadium is also home to University of Ottawa's Ottawa Gee-Gees, and prior to the disbanding of the Ravens football programme at Carleton University in 1998, was the site of the Panda Bowl, when these rivals played each other with rowdy fans hurling insults across both sides of the stadium. At the final Panda Bowl game in 1997, the year following the departure of the Riders from Ottawa, the game (forfeited) was marred by an accident when at least 25 students were injured when a section of railing collapsed.
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Fredrikstad
Fredrikstad (help·info) (previously Frederiksstad) (literally Fredrik's Town) is a city and municipality in Østfold county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Fredrikstad.
The city of Fredrikstad was founded in 1567 by King Frederick II, and established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The rural municipality of Glemmen was merged with Fredrikstad on 1 January 1964. The rural municipalities of Borge, Onsøy, Kråkerøy, and Rolvsøy were merged with Fredrikstad on 1 January 1994.
The city straddles the river Glomma where it meets the Skagerrak. Along with neighboring Sarpsborg, Fredrikstad forms the fifth largest city in Norway: Fredrikstad/Sarpsborg. As of 1 January 2008, according to Statistics Norway, these two municipalities have a total population of 123,029 with 71,976 in Fredrikstad and 51,053 in Sarpsborg.
Fredrikstad was built at the mouth of Glomma as a replacement after Sarpsborg (15 km upstream) was burned down by the Swedes. Almost half the population of Sarpsborg stayed behind, and rebuilt their old town at its original site.
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Germany
Germany (i/ˈdʒɜrməni/), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland, pronounced [ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant] ( listen)), is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state and the largest economy in the European Union. It is one of the major political powers of the European continent and a technological leader in many fields.
A region named Germania, inhabited by several Germanic peoples, was documented before AD 100. During the Migration Period, the Germanic tribes expanded southward, and established successor kingdoms throughout much of Europe. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation while southern and western parts remained dominated by Roman Catholic denominations, with the two factions clashing in the Thirty Years' War, marking the beginning of the Catholic–Protestant divide that has characterized German society ever since. Occupied during the Napoleonic Wars, the rise of Pan-Germanism inside the German Confederation resulted in the unification of most of the German states into the German Empire in 1871 which was Prussian dominated. After the German Revolution of 1918–1919 and the subsequent military surrender in World War I, the Empire was replaced by the Weimar Republic in 1918, and partitioned in the Treaty of Versailles. Amidst the Great Depression, the Third Reich was proclaimed in 1933. The latter period was marked by Fascism and World War II. After 1945, Germany was divided by allied occupation, and evolved into two states, East Germany and West Germany. In 1990 Germany was reunified.
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Gothenburg
Gothenburg (Swedish: Göteborg; pronounced [jœtəˈbɔrj] ( listen)) is the second largest city in Sweden by population and the fifth-largest in the Nordic countries. Situated on the west coast of Sweden, the city proper has a population of 520,374, with 549,839 in the urban area and total of 938,580 inhabitants in the metropolitan area. Gothenburg is classified as a global city by GaWC, with a ranking of Gamma−.
The City of Gothenburg was founded in 1621 by King Gustavus Adolphus. It lies by the sea at the mouth of Göta Älv—the river running through the city—and is the largest seaport in the Nordic countries.
Gothenburg is home to many students, as the city includes both the University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology. Volvo was founded in Gothenburg in 1927. The city is a major centre in Sweden for sports and home to the IFK Göteborg, BK Häcken, GAIS and Örgryte IS association football teams as well as the Frölunda HC ice hockey team.
Gothenburg is served by Gothenburg-Landvetter Airport, located 30 km (18.64 mi) southeast of the city centre. It is the second largest airport in Sweden. The city is also served by Gothenburg City Airport, located 15 km (9.32 mi) from the city centre.
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Griffin Park
Griffin Park is a football ground situated in the London Borough of Hounslow, west London. It has been the home ground of League One side Brentford since it was built in 1904. It is known for being the only English league football ground to have a pub on each corner, and is situated in a predominantly residential area. The ground gets its name from the griffin in the logo of Fuller's Brewery, which at one point owned the land on which the stadium was built.
The highest ever attendance at the ground was 38,678 when Brentford played Leicester City on 26 February 1949. The ground currently has a capacity of 12,763. The biggest attendance in the 2008–09 season was 10,642 against Wycombe Wanderers on 14 March 2009, and last season (2009–10), the largest attendance was 9,031 against Leeds United on 12 December 2009.
Griffin Park is beneath the flightpath of London Heathrow Airport and the roofs of the stadium are used as a large advertising space because of this. The space is currently used by Qatar Airways.
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Guangzhou
Guangzhou (Chinese: 广州; Mandarin pronunciation: [kwɑ̀ŋʈʂóʊ̯]), known historically as Canton or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of the Guangdong province in the People's Republic of China. Located in southern China on the Pearl River, about 120 km (75 mi) north-northwest of Hong Kong, Guangzhou is a key national transportation hub and trading port. One of the five National Central Cities, it holds sub-provincial administrative status.
Guangzhou is the third largest city in China and southern China's largest city. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 12.78 million. Some estimates place the population of the entire Pearl River Delta Mega City built up area as high as 40 million including Shenzhen (10.36 million), Dongguan (8.22 million) and most parts of Foshan (7.19 million), Jiangmen (4.45 million), Zhongshan (3.12 million) and a small part of Huizhou adjoining Dongguan and Shenzhen, with an area of about 20,000 square kilometres (7,700 sq mi) (about the size of US state of New Jersey). In 2008 Guangzhou was identified as a Beta World City by the global city index produced by GaWC.
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Gävle
Gävle [ˈjæːvlə] is a city in Sweden, the seat of Gävle Municipality and the capital of Gävleborg County. It had 71,033 inhabitants in December 2010. It is the oldest city in the historical Norrland (Sweden's Northern Lands), having received its charter in 1446 from Christopher of Bavaria.
It is believed that the name Gävle derives from the word gavel, meaning river banks in Old Swedish and referring to the Gavleån (Gävle River). The oldest settlement was called Gavle-ägarna, which means "Gavel-owners". This name was shortened to Gavle, then Gefle, and finally Gävle.
For a long time Gävle consisted solely of small, low, turf or shingle roofed wooden buildings. Boat-houses lined the banks of Gavleån, Lillån, and Islandsån. Until the 18th century the town was built, as was the practice then, around the three most important buildings: the church, the regional palace, and the town hall. Over the last 300 years Gävle has been ablaze on three different occasions. After the fire of 1776 the town was rebuilt with straight streets and rectangular city blocks. The number of stone and brick houses also started to increase. The biggest town fire occurred 1869, when out of a population of around 10,000 approximately 8,000 inhabitants lost their homes, and about 350 farms were destroyed. Almost the whole town north of Gavleån was burnt down. All the buildings south of Gavleån were saved. An area of the old town between the museum and the library has been preserved to this day as a historic reserve, Gamla Gefle.
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Halmstad
Halmstad [ˈhamsta] is a port, university, industrial and recreational city at the mouth of Nissan in the province of Halland on the Swedish west coast. Halmstad is the seat of Halmstad Municipality and the capital of Halland County. The city has a population of about 58,577, out of a municipal total of nearly 90,000. Halmstad is located about midway between Gothenburg and Malmö.
Halmstad, at the time part of the Kingdom of Denmark, received its first city charter in 1307, and the city celebrated its 700th anniversary in 2007. The oldest remains of that first town are to be found at "Övraby" upstream on Nissan, quite close to the regiment buildings. The remains of the church can still be seen today between a defunct brick industry and a former landfill.
In the 1320s the town moved to the present day town centre. At this time there were two monasteries in the town and during the 15th century the St. Nikolai church was built. Halland was the object of numerous battles, sieges and occupations by Swedish troops.
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Hampden Park
Hampden Park (often referred to simply as Hampden) is a football stadium in the Mount Florida area of Glasgow, Scotland. The 52,063 capacity venue serves as the national stadium of football in Scotland. It is the home venue of the Scotland national football team and amateur Scottish Football League club Queen's Park and hosts the latter stages of the Scottish Cup and Scottish League Cup competitions. It is also used for music concerts and other sporting events.
There were two 19th century stadiums called Hampden Park, built on different sites. A stadium on the present site was first opened on 31 October 1903. Hampden was the biggest stadium in the world when it was opened, with a capacity in excess of 100,000. This was increased further between 1927 and 1937, reaching a peak of 150,000. The record attendance of 149,415, for a Scotland v England match in 1937, is the European record for an international football match. Tighter safety regulations meant that the capacity was reduced to 81,000 in 1977. The stadium has been fully renovated since then, with the most recent work being completed in 1999.
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Harmaja
Harmaja (Swedish: Gråhara) is an island and a lighthouse outside Helsinki, south of the Suomenlinna sea fortress. The island has been functioning as a landmark since the 16th century. A landmark structure was built on the island in the 18th century and a light house in 1883. The first lighthouse was only 7.3 m high and it soon proved to be too low. In 1900 the height was doubled by creating a rectangular brick building on a granite base. A large foghorn alerted ships in fog and in bad visibility. Harmaja received the world's first directed and undirected radio beacon in 1936. The lighthouse is fully automated today.
There is also a pilot station on the island.
During the 1952 Summer Olympics this was the center of the Olympic sailing event.
Coordinates: 60°06′16″N 24°58′28″E / 60.10444°N 24.97444°E / 60.10444; 24.97444
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Helsingborg
Helsingborg (Swedish pronunciation: [hɛlsiŋˈbɔrj]) is a town and the seat of Helsingborg Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden. It had 97,122 inhabitants in 2010. Helsingborg is the centre of an area in the Øresund region of about 320,000 inhabitants in north-west Scania, and is Sweden's closest point to Denmark, with the Danish city Helsingør clearly visible on the other side of the Øresund about 4 km to the west.
Between 1912 and 1971 the name of the town was officially spelled Hälsingborg (rather like Hälsingland but unlike Helsingør and Helsingfors (Helsinki)).
Historic Helsingborg, with its many old buildings, is a scenic coastal city. The buildings are a blend of old-style stone-built churches and a medieval fortress (Kärnan) in the city centre, which has stood guard in Helsingborg for over 600 years, and more modern commercial buildings. The streets vary from wide avenues to small alley-ways. Kullagatan, the main pedestrian shopping street in the city, was the first pedestrian shopping street in Sweden.
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Helsinki
Helsinki ( listen (help·info); Swedish: Helsingfors, listen (help·info)) is the capital and largest city in Finland. It is in the region of Uusimaa, located in southern Finland, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, an arm of the Baltic Sea. The population of the city of Helsinki is 596,233 (31 January 2012), making it by far the most populous municipality in Finland. Helsinki is located some 400 kilometres (250 mi) east of Stockholm, Sweden, 300 kilometres (190 mi) west of St. Petersburg, Russia and 80 kilometres (50 mi) north of Tallinn, Estonia. Helsinki has close historical connections with these three cities.
The Helsinki Metropolitan Area includes the city of Helsinki and three other cities: Espoo and Vantaa, which immediately border Helsinki to the west and north, respectively; and Kauniainen, which is an enclave within the city of Espoo. The Helsinki metropolitan area is the world's northernmost urban area among those with a population of over one million people, and the city is the northernmost capital of a EU member state. Altogether 1.1 million people, approximately one in five Finns, live in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area.
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Hermia (Finland)
Hermia is a science park near Tampere University of Technology (TUT). Hermia is located in Hervanta, a suburb of Tampere, Finland. Hermia is also acting as a technology centre for its region.
Hermia offers office space and facilities for both small technology startups and larger companies. It consists of 100,000 m2 of office space and is home to 150 companies and research organizations, for example to many research and development units of the cell phone manufacturer Nokia.
In the offices of Hermia was developed the first Nokia Communicator mobile phone, as well as Nokia's first camera-phone. The site is also home to one of the offices of Nokia Research Center, where among other activities the EFR and WB-AMR codecs were developed.
Coordinates: 61°26′49″N 23°51′36″E / 61.44694°N 23.86°E / 61.44694; 23.86
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Hervanta
Hervanta is a large suburb, or satellite city, of Tampere in Finland, located next to Hallila some 10 km south of the city centre.
Home to a population of over 26,000, Hervanta is best known for its prefabricated blocks of flats. The total number of apartments is about 11,000. Nearly a fifth of the inhabitants (some 4,500 people) are students, many of them enrolled at the Tampere University of Technology (TUT) or the Police College. The largest student housing complex is Mikontalo, in fact nearly 3% of people in Hervanta reside there. Almost 8% of Hervanta's population is composed of foreigners from 75 different nationalities.
Hervanta currently covers an area of 13.8 km² and is continuing to grow. It was selected as Finland's top suburb in a survey conducted by the Helsingin Sanomat newspaper and published on 17 August 2003.
The complex of commercial buildings in the town center of Hervanta was designed by the Finnish architect Reima Pietilä.
Hervanta is sometimes called the Silicon Valley of Finland, because of the high concentration of high tech companies in the area and the presence of the Tampere University of Technology. As well as the University, Hervanta is also home to the Hermia science centre and the VTT office complex. The world's first-ever GSM phone call was made in Hervanta in 1991, when Radiolinja started building its GSM network. Nokia and many other companies have offices in Hervanta.
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Horna
Horna (formerly known as Shadowed) is a Finnish black metal band that formed in 1993. The band has appeared on over thirty releases including splits, demos, EPs and albums since 1995, which have been released through numerous record labels.
Horna formed in late 1993 under the name Shadowed, formed by vocalist and guitarist Shatraug and guitarist Moredhel. The name was changed to Horna when drummer Gorthaur joined the band in 1994. Horna did not start recording until early 1995. The first demo, Varjoissa, was released in September that year and sold out. In 1996, Nazgul von Armageddon took over vocal duties and the band recorded their first full-length album Hiidentorni in January 1997, resulting in a deal with the Greek label Solistitium Records. The band continued to release albums under this label through June 1998, when Moredhel and bassist Skratt left the band. Bassist Thanatos replaced Skratt soon afterwards, and Moredhel re-joined that August. In 1999, the band signed to Norwegian label Oskorei Productions for a vinyl-only release of the band's third album, Haudankylmyyden Mailla, and the band released a series of limited vinyl-only EPs and split albums through most of the early 2000s, with full-length studio albums coming out in the latter half of the decade. In 2002, Nazgul von Armageddon left the band, leaving vocal duties to Corvus. In July 2003, it was announced that guitarist Aarni T. Otava had left the group. Horna cited the loss of "dedication" as the reason behind his departure, and revealed that Horna's performance at 2003's Tuska Open Air Metal Festival would be their last with Otava handling guitar duties. In 2008 Horna embarked on an American tour. They played their first American show on Halloween 2008 at "The Black Castle" courtesy of underground promoter Chris "Hate War" Wood
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Hungary
Hungaryi/ˈhʌŋɡəri/ (Hungarian: Magyarország [ˈmɒɟɒrorsaːɡ] ( listen)) is a country, which is located in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The country's capital, and largest city, is Budapest. Hungary is a member of the European Union, NATO, the OECD, the Visegrád Group, and is a Schengen state. The official language is Hungarian, also known as Magyar, which is part of the Finno-Ugric group and is the most widely spoken non-Indo-European language in Europe.
Following a Celt (after c. 450 BC) and a Roman (AD 9 - c. 430) period, the foundation of Hungary was laid in the late 9th century by the Hungarian prince Árpád, whose great-grandson Saint Stephen I was crowned with a crown sent by the pope from Rome in 1000 AD. The Kingdom of Hungary lasted for 946 years, and at various points was regarded as one of the cultural centres of the Western world. After about 150 years of partial Ottoman occupation (1541–1699), Hungary was integrated into the Habsburg Monarchy, and later constituted half of the Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy (1867–1918).
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Huopalahti
Huopalahti (Swedish: Hoplax) was a municipality during the years 1920–1945 in Uusimaa, Finland. The municipality was bilingual.
Current areas of Munkkiniemi, Lauttasaari and parts of northern Pasila were parts of Huopalahti. The area was separated from former Helsinki parish in 1920. Haaga was part of the municipality, but was separated from it in 1923. The Finnish National Defence University, that was moved to Munkkiniemi in 1923, was located in Huopalahti. In 1946, the municipality was consolidated to Helsinki.
The Finnish Hunting Society which is headquartered in the city hosted the shotgun shooting events for the 1952 Summer Olympics.
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Hämeenkyrö
Hämeenkyrö (Swedish: Tavastkyro) is a municipality of Finland.
It is located in the province of Western Finland and is part of the Pirkanmaa region. The municipality has a population of 10,532 (31 January 2012) and covers an area of 505.10 square kilometres (195.02 sq mi) of which 41.34 km2 (15.96 sq mi) is water. The population density is 22.71 inhabitants per square kilometre (58.8 /sq mi).
The municipality is unilingually Finnish.
Frans Eemil Sillanpää, a famous Finnish writer and a Nobel Laureate in Literature, was born in Hämeenkyrö.
Media related to Hämeenkyrö at Wikimedia Commons
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Hämeenlinna
Hämeenlinna (Swedish: Tavastehus) is a city and municipality of about 67,000 inhabitants in the heart of the historical province of Häme in the south of Finland and is the birthplace of composer Jean Sibelius. Today, it belongs to the region of Tavastia Proper, and until 2010 it was the residence city for the Governor of the province of Southern Finland. Nearby cities include the capital Helsinki (98 km/61 mi), Tampere (73 km/45 mi) and Lahti (72 km/45 mi).
The medieval Häme Castle (Hämeen linna) is located in the city.
The municipalities of Hauho, Kalvola, Lammi, Renko and Tuulos were consolidated with Hämeenlinna on 1 January 2009.
There has been a settlement called Vanaja by the lake Vanajavesi where the city now stands since the Viking Age. The castle was built in the late 13th century to secure Swedish power in central Finland. A village was established near Häme Castle to provide services and goods to its inhabitants.
The village was granted city rights in 1639 and soon after that the King of Sweden moved it one kilometre south to the hill on which it still stands.
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Iceland
Icelandi/ˈaɪslənd/ (Icelandic: Ísland, IPA: [ˈislant]) is a Nordic European island country in the North Atlantic Ocean, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The country has a population of about 320,000 and a total area of 103,000 km2 (40,000 sq mi). The capital and largest city is Reykjavík, with the surrounding areas in the southwestern region of the country being home to two-thirds of the country's population. Iceland is volcanically and geologically active. The interior mainly consists of a plateau characterised by sand fields, mountains and glaciers, while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands. Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle.
According to Landnámabók, the settlement of Iceland began in AD 874 when the chieftain Ingólfur Arnarson became the first permanent Norse settler on the island. Others had visited the island earlier and stayed over winter. Over the following centuries, Norsemen settled Iceland, bringing with them thralls (slaves) of Gaelic origin. From 1262 to 1918 Iceland was part of the Norwegian and later the Danish monarchies. Until the 20th century, the Icelandic population relied largely on fisheries and agriculture, and the country was one of the poorest and least developed in the world. Industrialisation of the fisheries and aid from the Marshall Plan brought prosperity in the years after World War II, and by the 1990s it was one of the world's wealthiest countries. In 1994, Iceland became party to the European Economic Area, which made it possible for the economy to diversify into economic and financial services.
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Joensuu
Joensuu (lit. "mouth of the river") is a city and municipality in North Karelia in eastern Finland. It is located in the province of Eastern Finland and is part of North Karelia region. It was founded in 1848. The population of Joensuu is 73,871 (January 31, 2012).
Joensuu is a lively student city with over 15,000 students enrolled at the University of Eastern Finland and a further 4,000 at the North Karelia Technical School.
The largest employers are the municipal City of Joensuu, North Karelian Hospital District Federation of Municipalities, Abloy and Punamusta.
The European Forest Institute, the University and many other institutes and export enterprises such as Abloy and John Deere Forestry give Joensuu an international flavour.
The city of Joensuu, which was founded by the Czar Nicholas I of Russia in 1848, is the regional centre and the capital of North Karelia. During the 19th century Joensuu was a city of manufacture and commerce. When in 1860 the city received dispensation rights to initiate commerce, former restrictions against industry were removed and the local sawmills began to prosper and expand. Water traffic was improved by the building of the Saimaa Canal. Consequently, a lively commerce between the regions of North Karelia, St.Petersburg and Central Europe was enabled. At the end of the 19th century Joensuu was one of the largest harbour cities in Finland.
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Jules Ottenstadion
Jules Ottenstadion is a multi-purpose stadium in Gentbrugge, Ghent, Belgium. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of K.A.A. Gent. The stadium holds 12,919 and was built in 1920. It is due to be replaced by the new Arteveldestadion in 2010.[dated info] The people of Ghent call this stadium simply Ottenstadion. It is situated in the centre of a residential neighbourhood in the Bruiloftstraat in Gentbrugge.
The stadium was built in 1920 and was officially opened at 22 August of that year by the Dauphin of that time, prince Leopold. The stadium is called after Jules Otten, one of the founders of KAA Gent, which was called La Gantoise at that time.
At the 1920 Summer Olympics in neighboring Antwerp, it hosted the Italy-Egypt football match that Italians won 2-1.
KAA Ghent has been playing for 90 years in the stadium, but a soon relocation to the new Arteveldestadium, which is situated at the Ottergemsesteenweg, is planned within the next years. It was the plan to have it ready by the season 2007/2008, but due to many delays, the relocation will be in 2012. The stadium will have 20.000 seats.
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Juupajoki
Juupajoki is a municipality of Finland.
It is located in the province of Western Finland and is part of the Pirkanmaa region. The municipality has a population of 2,046 (31 January 2012) and covers an area of 274.95 square kilometres (106.16 sq mi) of which 16.47 km2 (6.36 sq mi) is water. The population density is 7.92 inhabitants per square kilometre (20.5 /sq mi).
The municipality is unilingually Finnish.
Media related to Juupajoki at Wikimedia Commons
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Jyväskylä
Jyväskylä (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈjyvæsˌkylæ]) is a city and municipality in Central Finland in the western part of the Finnish Lakeland. It is the largest city in central Finland and on the Finnish Lakeland. Jyväskylä is located on the northern coast of Lake Päijänne, 147 kilometres (91 mi) north-east of Tampere and 270 kilometres (170 mi) north of Helsinki. The hilly and forested terrain in Jyväskylä is surrounded by hundreds of lakes. The summers in Jyväskylä are warm and winters cold and snowy.
Elias Lönnrot, the compiler of the Finnish national epic Kalevala, gave the city a nickname "Athens of Finland". This nickname is used to describe the major role of Jyväskylä as an education centre and the first place in the world to provide education in Finnish.
The works of the most famous Finnish architect Alvar Aalto can be seen throughout the city. The city hosts Neste Oil Rally Finland, which is part of the World Rally Championship. It is also home of the annual Jyväskylä Arts Festival.
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Jönköping
Jönköping (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈjœnːˈɕøːpiŋ]) is a city in southern Sweden with 89,396 inhabitants (2010). It is the 9th most populous city of Sweden. Jönköping is situated by the southern end of Sweden's second largest lake, Vättern. The original town Jönköping has grown together with Huskvarna and Norrahammar forming a contiguous urban area, since 1971 wholly within the same municipality.
The city is the seat of Jönköping Municipality which has a population of 128 305 (2011), and also the seat of Jönköping County which has a population of 331,539 (2006). Jönköping is the seat of a district court and a court of appeal as well as the Swedish National Courts Administration. It is also the seat of the Swedish Board of Agriculture.
Jönköping is an old trading center (Köping), since it was located on a crossroad for the roads following along the rivers Nissan and Lagan, and the road between the provinces Östergötland and Västergötland. This was rather natural due to the geographical position of the city at the southern end of lake Vättern, which divided the two counties. On 18 May 1284, Jönköping received rights as a City in Sweden as one of the first communities in the country, by King Magnus Ladulås, who at that time largely ruled the nation from Vättern's largest island Visingsö. In the name of the city "Jön-" is derived from a creek, "Junebäcken", which was situated in the nowadays western part of the city, Talavid. This was the location of the first known settlement in the area. The second part of the name "-köping", as mentioned above, is an old word for a trading center or market place.
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Kaftanzoglio Stadium
Kaftanzoglio stadium (Καυτανζόγλειο στάδιο) is a sports stadium in Thessaloniki, Greece. The stadium was built with money donated by the Kaftanzoglou Foundation, hence its name. At the time of its opening on 27 October 1960, the stadium was one of the highest quality stadiums in the Balkans. It currently has 27,770 seats, owing to a comprehensive renovation before reopening to host football matches for the 2004 Summer Olympics, which was centred in Athens. It was the largest stadium in Greece until 1982, but has since been surpassed in capacity by the Olympic Stadium in Athens. It had been the home football stadium of Iraklis Thessaloniki FC since 1961.
On the 15th of October 1969, the attendance record was set with 47,458 fans present for a FIFA World Cup qualifying match, witnessing Greece defeat Switzerland by a 4–1 score. In 1973 it hosted the European Cup Winners Cup Final, which resulted in a 1–0 victory for A.C. Milan over Leeds United.
The stadium regularly plays host to athletics events; it features the European Athletics Association event "Olympic Meeting Thessaloniki" every year; it hosted the Greek national championships in 2009, and it has been used for both athletics at the Mediterranean Games and the European Cup in athletics. It was the host stadium for the 2009 IAAF World Athletics Final.
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Kangasala
Kangasala is a municipality in Finland, next to Tampere. It was founded in 1865. The municipality has a population of 29,890 (31 January 2012) and covers an area of 870.85 square kilometres (336.24 sq mi) of which 212.83 km2 (82.17 sq mi) is water. The population density is 45.42 inhabitants per square kilometre (117.6 /sq mi).
It is famous for its natural beauty, as depicted by Zacharias Topelius in his poem Kesäpäivä Kangasalla (made into a song by Gabriel Linsén). It is also known for its mansions, such as Liuksiala where Swedish queen Karin Månsdotter lived, and Wääksy. Kangasala has a long history of tourism.
The lakes Roine, Längelmävesi and Vesijärvi are located in Kangasala. Of these the two first are mentioned in the famous poem, and Vesijärvi is the lake by which the scenic overlook described in the lyrics is situated.
The municipality of Sahalahti was consolidated to Kangasala on 1 January 2005, and the municipality of Kuhmalahti on 1 January 2011.
Kangasala was a popular destination already in the 18th century. The water of the Kuohu Spring (Kuohunlähde) was believed to have healing effects. At that time, refreshing in a health spa bathing, taking outdoor exercise and enjoying healing waters was fashionable amongst the aristocracy. It was also why the first real tourists in Kangasala came to spend their holidays there.
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Karaiskakis Stadium
Karaiskakis Stadium (Greek: Γήπεδο Καραϊσκάκης [ˈʝipeðo karaiˈskacis]) is in the Neo Faliro area of Piraeus, Greece. It is the home ground of Olympiacos F.C. and is named after Georgios Karaiskakis (Γεώργιος Καραϊσκάκης), hero of the Greek War of Independence, who was mortally wounded near the area.
It was used during the 1896 Summer Olympics as the Neo Phaliron Velodrome, where Frenchman Paul Masson took the three track cycling gold medals.
It was renovated during the 1960s and was completely rebuilt in 2004 into a 32,115 capacity, all seater stadium, ready for the football competition of the 2004 Summer Olympics.
The stadium was totally demolished and built again from the beginning, facing a different direction. This complete reconstruction took a record time of only 14 months, finishing just in time for the Olympic Games.
After the last deal ended in 1998, Olympiacos is using the stadium once again, on a 49-year lease from 2003 until 2052 and is traditionally identified as the club's true home. In 2002, Olympiacos President Socratis Kokkalis, when announcing the project to rebuild Karaiskakis, expressed his wish for the new stadium to be also used by Ethnikos F.C., if they wanted, as Karaiskaki is the historic home of both Olympiacos and Ethnikos. Therefore, in the contract signed by the Hellenic Olympic Committee, the owner of the stadium, and Olympiacos, a clause was included, stating that should Ethnikos wish to return to the stadium, they may do so without sharing any significant maintenance or other stadium-related costs, as those are covered by Olympiacos. As of the 2010/11 season though, Ethnikos has not yet opted to do so.
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Karlstad
Karlstad [ˈkɑːɭsta] is a city, the seat of Karlstad Municipality, the capital of Värmland County, and the largest city in the province Värmland in Sweden. The city had 61,685 inhabitants in 2010 out of a municipal total that during the first quarter 2010 was 84,885 inhabitants. Karlstad has a university and a cathedral.
Karlstad is built on the river delta where Sweden's longest river, Klarälven, runs into Sweden's largest lake, Vänern. It has the second largest lake port in the country after Västerås.
Karlstad is often associated with sunshine and the symbol for Karlstad is a happy sun. Karlstad is reputed to be one of the sunniest towns in Sweden and a local waitress, known as "Sola i Karlstad" (the Sun in Karlstad) for her sunny disposition, is also commemorated with a statue.
On Karlstad's largest islet, there was a place of counsel called Tingvalla in the medieval age, which had roots from the Viking Age before 1000 AD. It was also used as a market place.
Karlstad was granted its city charter on March 5, 1584 by the Swedish Duke Charles, who would later be crowned King Charles IX of Sweden. The city derives its name from the King – Karlstad literally means Charles' city. The Duke also granted Karlstad the right as a governmental seat in the region, and gave it a substantial amount of land.
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Kihniö
Kihniö is a municipality of Finland.
It is located in the region of Pirkanmaa, Western Finland. The municipality has a population of 2,181 (31 January 2012) and covers an area of 390.50 square kilometres (150.77 sq mi) of which 33.39 km2 (12.89 sq mi) is water. The population density is 6.11 inhabitants per square kilometre (15.8 /sq mi).
The municipality is unilingually Finnish.
Results of the Finnish parliamentary election, 2011 in Kihniö:
Media related to Kihniö at Wikimedia Commons
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Kirov Stadium
Kirov Stadium was a multi-purpose stadium in St. Petersburg, Russia, and was one of the largest stadiums anywhere in the world. The stadium was named after Sergey Kirov.
The stands of the Kirov stadium were located on the slopes of a circular artificial mound in the western part of Krestovsky Island, on the coast of the Gulf of Finland. Construction started in 1932, initial project was designed by architect Aleksandr Nikolsky and his workshop. During the 1930s and 1940s, construction was mainly focused on groundworks for the artificial mound on the sea shore. Construction was interrupted by the World War II and the Siege of Leningrad, and resumed in 1945 with the return of citizens to Leningrad. Thousands of Red Army and Red Navy recruits were also conscripted as labor force for construction.
The stadium was open on 30 July 1950 with the game between two main Leningrad teams, Zenit and Dynamo, drew 1-1. Initially the stadium held 100,000 people (including 16,000 standing places).
For the match between Zenit and CSKA on 14 July 1951, additional temporary stands were installed, increasing the capacity of the stadium to 100,000. The stadium was sold out, and the attendance of 100,000 is the record for the Soviet football. Kirov stadium was reconstructed to hold preliminary matches of the football tournament at the 1980 Summer Olympics. The capacity was reduced to 72,000.
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Klaksvík
Klaksvík (Danish: Klaksvig) is the second largest town of the Faroe Islands. The town is located on Borðoy, which is one of the northernmost islands (in Faroese: Norðoyar).
The first settlement at Klaksvík dates back to Viking times, but it was not before the 20th century that the district merged to form a large, modern Faroese town that became the cultural and commercial centre for the Northern Isles and the Faroe Islands as a whole.
Klaksvik is located between two inlets lying back to back. It has an important harbour with fishing industry and a modern fishing fleet. Originally, four farms were located where Klaksvik is now. In time, they grew into four villages, Vágur, Myrkjanoyri, Gerðar and Uppsalar, that finally merged to form the town of Klaksvík in 1938. What triggered the development of the town was the establishment of a centralized store for all the northern islands on the location.
The brewery Föroya Bjór in Klaksvík is a Faroese family brewery, founded in 1888. The ram has been the symbol of the brewery since the early beginning. Since August 2007, when Restorffs Bryggjarí went out of business, Föroya Bjór has been the only producer of beer and soft drinks in the Faroe Islands.
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Kouvola
Kouvola is a town and municipality in southeastern Finland. It is located 134 kilometres (83 mi) northeast of the capital, Helsinki.
The city has a population of 87,592 (31 January 2012) and covers an area of 2,883.30 square kilometres (1,113.25 sq mi) of which 325.06 km2 (125.51 sq mi) is water. The population density is 34.24 inhabitants per square kilometre (88.7 /sq mi).
Kouvola's central location within Finland's borders and as a border post between the European Union and Russian Federation makes it a quite lively town.[original research?] The town originally grew up around the junction of the north–south and east–west rail tracks. It was also a major road transport junction.
In January 2009, the six municipalities – Kouvola, Kuusankoski, Elimäki, Anjalankoski, Valkeala and Jaala – were consolidated, forming the new municipality of Kouvola. Kouvola can now claim the natural beauty of Valkeala and Jaala as well as the cultural heritage of Elimäki and Anjalankoski as its own. Kouvola has also assumed the slogan Kymijoen kaupunki (the town of Kymijoki) previously used by Anjalankoski.
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Kuhmalahti
Kuhmalahti is a former municipality of Finland. It was consolidated with the municipality of Kangasala on January 1, 2011.
It was located in the Pirkanmaa region. The municipality had a population of 1,047 (31 October 2010) and covered a land area of 168.50 square kilometres (65.06 sq mi). The population density was 6.21 inhabitants per square kilometre (16.1 /sq mi).
The municipality was unilingually Finnish.
Media related to Kuhmalahti at Wikimedia Commons
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Kuopio
Kuopio is a city and a municipality located in the region of Northern Savonia, Finland. A population of 97,552 makes it the ninth biggest city in the country. The city has a total area of 2,317.24 square kilometres (894.69 sq mi), of which 719.85 km2 (277.94 sq mi) is water and half forest. The population density is only 61 /km2 (160 /sq mi), but the city's urban areas are populated very densely (urban area: 1 617.6 /km²), nationally second only to capital Helsinki (urban area: 1,690.0/km²). The population of the entire Kuopio region is 119,472.
There are several explanations behind the name Kuopio. The first is that in the 16th century, a certain influential person named Kauhanen in Tavinsalmi changed his name to Skopa and the people's pronunciation was Coopia and finally Cuopio. The second explanation is that it comes from the verb kuopia, meaning when, for example, a horse paws the ground with its hoof. A third theory is that it came from a certain Karelian man's name Prokopij, from Ruokolahti in the Middle Ages. This is the most probable explanation, supported by the Research Institute for the Languages of Finland.
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Kuorevesi
Kuorevesi is a former municipality in Finland. It was part of the Pirkanmaa region in western finland. In the year 2001 it was consolidated into the town of Jämsä in the Central Finland region. The name of the municipality came from the Lake Kuorevesi that is situated in its area.
File:Euro Shopper vitaminoitu energiajuoma 500ml.jpg
Coordinates: 61°51′N 24°47′E / 61.85°N 24.783°E / 61.85; 24.783
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Kylmäkoski
Kylmäkoski is a former municipality of Finland. It was consolidated with the town of Akaa on January 1, 2011.
It was located in the Pirkanmaa region. The municipality had a population of 2,610 (31 October 2010) and covered a land area of 190.96 square kilometres (73.73 sq mi). The population density was 13.67 inhabitants per square kilometre (35.4 /sq mi).
The municipality was unilingually Finnish.
Media related to Kylmäkoski at Wikimedia Commons
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Käpylä
Käpylä (Swedish: Kottby) is a neighbourhood of Helsinki with 7,600 inhabitants. Administratively speaking, Käpylä is a part of the Vanhakaupunki district.
It is located between Kumpula, Oulunkylä and Koskela. Käpylä has an end stop for the Helsinki tram network. Additionally, the Olympic Village built for the 1952 Summer Olympics and another village for the cancelled 1940 Summer Olympics are located in Käpylä. The Park Hotel, located in Käpylä, became known for being the shooting location of the popular Finnish satirical TV series Hyvät herrat. The lyceum school situated in Käpylä has a specific orientation towards students with an interest in the natural sciences.
The tram lines 1 and 1A as well as the Tuusulanväylä freeway bus lines travel to Käpylä. The I- N- and T-trains of the Helsinki commuter rail system stop at Käpylä railway station.
There are smaller regions inside Käpylä, Puu-Käpylä (wood-Käpylä) and Taivaskallio.
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Kópavogur
Kópavogur (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈkʰoːupavɔɣʏr̥]) is a city and Iceland's second largest municipality, with a population of 30,779.
It lies immediately south of Reykjavík and is part of the Greater Reykjavík Area. The name literally means seal pup bay. The town seal contains the profile of the church Kópavogskirkja with a seal pup underneath.
Kópavogur is largely made up of residential areas, but has commercial areas and a lot of industrial activity as well. The tallest building in Iceland, the Smáratorg tower, is located in downtown Kópavogur.
Kópavogur is historically significant as the site of the 1662 Kópavogur meeting. This event marked the total incorporation of Iceland into Denmark-Norway as bishop Brynjólfur Sveinsson and lawyer Árni Oddsson on behalf of the Icelandic people signed a document confirming that the introduction of absolute monarchy by the King also applied to Iceland. An independent township, Kópavogur is adjacent to Reykjavík.
The modern dome of Kópavogur Church–the town’s emblem–dominates the skyline to the south of Reykjavík. On the same hilltop is Gerðarsafn, Kópavogur Art Museum, an elegant, spacious museum built in 1985 to show the works of modern sculpture pioneer and glass artist Gerður Helgadóttir, who made the stained glass windows for the church. Another collection in the museum features works by painter/sculptor Magnús Árnason and his English-born wife Barbara, an illustrator and graphics artist. Selected exhibitions from these collections are arranged at intervals, but the museum’s main activity is exhibitions by modern Icelandic artists, held approximately every month. Also on the hilltop site is the new complex Kópavogur Cultural Centre. It houses among other things Iceland‘s first and only custom built concert hall, Salurinn, Kópavogur Concert Hall, which opened in 1999. Regular concerts and recitals are held at the centre, featuring both celebrated Icelandic performers and visiting international musicians.
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Laakso
Laakso (Swedish: Dal) is a neighbourhood in Helsinki, Finland. Its borders are defined by the streets of Mannerheimintie and Nordenskiöldinkatu and the Helsinki Central Park. The neighbourhood is bordered by Töölö in the south, Meilahti in the southwest, Ruskeasuo in the north and Länsi-Pasila in the east.
The neighbourhood has an area of 0.74 km², a population of 1781 and 1583 jobs (December 31, 2003). Laakso is neighbourhood #18 in the official neighbourhood numbering of Helsinki, and belongs to the district of Reijola.
The population in Laakso is mainly concentrated in multiple-floor apartment buildings on Mannerheimintie. The neighbourhood also includes a hospital, a riding field, and a large part of the southern Central Park.
For the 1952 Summer Olympics, the neighborhood hosted the Eventing equestrian riding competitions.
Coordinates: 60°11′30″N 24°55′00″E / 60.19167°N 24.9166667°E / 60.19167; 24.9166667
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Lahti
Lahti (Swedish: Lahtis) is a city and municipality in Finland.
Lahti is the capital of the Päijänne Tavastia region. It is situated on a bay at the southern end of lake Vesijärvi about 100 kilometres (60 mi) north-east of the capital Helsinki. In English, the Finnish word Lahti literally means bay and Vesijärvi means water lake.
The symbol of the city depicts a train wheel surrounded by sparkling flames.
Lahti was first mentioned in documents in 1445. The village belonged to the parish of Hollola and was located at the medieval trade route of Ylinen Viipurintie, which linked the towns of Hämeenlinna and Vyborg.
The completion of the Riihimäki – St. Petersburg railway line in 1870 and the Vesijärvi canal in 1871 turned Lahti into a lively station, and industrial installations began to spring up around it. For a long time, the railway station at Vesijärvi Harbour was the second busiest station in Finland. Craftsmen, merchants, a few civil servants and a lot of industrial workers soon mixed in with the existing agricultural peasantry.
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Lappeenranta
Lappeenranta (Swedish: Villmanstrand) is a city and municipality that resides on the shore of the lake Saimaa in South-Eastern Finland, about 30 kilometres (19 mi) from the Russian border. It belongs to the region of South Karelia. With approximately 72,000 inhabitants (31 January 2012) Lappeenranta is the 13th largest city in Finland. The neighboring municipality of Joutseno was consolidated with Lappeenranta on January 1, 2009, and the neighboring municipality of Ylämaa on January 1, 2010.
Lappeenranta was originally formed around a headland pointing to lake Saimaa. In the 16th century, the market place moved from Lappee's old centre Kauskila to the current fortress headland. The first mention of Lapwes, as it was called, is in a privilege charter from 1542 that subjugated the market place under Viborg's authority.
The town was chartered in 1649 by Queen Christina of Sweden, legitimizing the trade in the then popular marketplace of Lapvesi. However, the parliamentary privilege charter and the coat of arms were attested in 1652 after the town layout by Erik Aspegren was affirmed. At the time, Lappeenranta was an important port for tar.
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Lielahti
Lielahti (Lielax in Swedish) is a suburb in the city of Tampere (Tammerfors), Finland with important industrial and commercial facilities. Lielahti was annexed to the city in 1950 from Ylöjärvi parish. Lielahti lies about 7 kilometers west from the city centre.
The most prominent sight when arriving Lielahti is maybe the M-real pulp mill, which can sometimes also be sensed nasally.
There is also a train station in Lielahti, but its use in passenger traffic was discontinued in 1984 due to its lack of passengers. It remains though as a freight station used by the pulp even today, and its most important function is as a railway junction, since the railway tracks from Pori (Björneborg) and Seinäjoki merge there, continuing as a double-track railway to the main station of Tampere.
In the future it is quite likely that the local public transport in Tampere region will again be provided by commuter trains, in a way or another. Then the trains bound from and to Nokia, and perhaps from and to Ylöjärvi will stop at the Lielahti station.
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Linköping
Linköping [ˈlɪnːˈɕøːpɪŋ] is a city in southern middle Sweden, with 104,232 inhabitants in 2010. It is the seat of Linköping Municipality and the capital of Östergötland County. Linköping is also the episcopal see of the Diocese of Linköping (Church of Sweden) and is well known for its cathedral. Linköping is the center of an old cultural region and celebrated its 700th anniversary in 1987. Nowadays Linköping is known for its university and its high-technology industry. Dominating the city's skyline from afar is the steeple of the cathedral.
The city is possibly named after the Lionga ting assembly which according to Medieval Scandinavian laws was the most important thing in Östergötland. Exact location of the Lionga ting is not known, but it was along the Eriksgata. Köping means there was a market there.
Historically, Linköping is famed for being an early diocese, second in Sweden (within its pre-1658 boundaries) only to Skara. The diocese is first mentioned in 1104 in the so-called "List of Florence" (Lionga. Kaupinga). The monastery of Vreta Kloster near Roxen north of Linköping was established in 1128, and the oldest parts of the cathedral are also from the 12th century (although it has been changed many times since then, the eye-catching tower with copper roofing being a 19th century product). On several occasions attempts to achieve a separate Swedish archdiocese were based in Linköping, although, when they finally were successful in 1164, Uppsala was chosen instead.
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Lithuania
Lithuania (i/ˌlɪθuːˈeɪniə/ or /ˌlɪθjuːˈeɪniə/; Lithuanian: Lietuva), officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos Respublika) is a country in Northern Europe, the largest of the three Baltic states. It is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, whereby to the west lie Sweden and Denmark. It borders Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, Poland to the south, and a Russian exclave (Kaliningrad Oblast) to the southwest. Lithuania has an estimated population of 3.2 million as of 2011, and its capital and largest city is Vilnius. The Lithuanians are a Baltic people, and the official language, Lithuanian, is one of only two living languages (together with Latvian) in the Baltic branch of the Indo-European language family.
For centuries, the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea was inhabited by various Baltic tribes. In the 1230s the Lithuanian lands were united by Mindaugas, who was crowned as King of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the first Lithuanian state, on 6 July 1253. During the 14th century, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was the largest country in Europe: present-day Belarus, Ukraine, and parts of Poland and Russia were territories of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. With the Lublin Union of 1569, Lithuania and Poland formed a voluntary two-state union, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Commonwealth lasted more than two centuries, until neighboring countries systematically dismantled it from 1772 to 1795, with the Russian Empire annexing most of Lithuania's territory.
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Lund
Lund (Swedish pronunciation: [lɵnd] ( listen)) is a city in the province of Scania, southern Sweden. The town has 82,800 inhabitants in 2010, out of a municipal total of 110,824. It is the seat of Lund Municipality, Skåne County. The city is believed to have been founded around 990, when Scania belonged to Denmark. It soon became a major Christian center of the Baltic Sea region, at a time when the area was still a frontier area for Christian mission, and within Scandinavia and especially Denmark through the Middle Ages. From 1103 it was the seat of an archbishop. At the center of the city stands the towering Lund Cathedral, built ca 1090-1145.
Lund University, established 1666, is today one of Scandinavia's largest institutions for education and research.
Along with Sigtuna, Lund is the oldest city in present-day Sweden. Lund's origins are unclear. Until the 1980s, the town was thought to have been founded around 1020 by either Sweyn I Forkbeard or his son Canute the Great of Denmark. The area was then part of the kingdom of Denmark. But, recent archaeological discoveries suggest that the first settlement dated to circa 990, possibly the relocation of settlers at Uppåkra. The Uppåkra settlement dates back to the first century B.C. and its remains are at the present site of the village of Uppåkra. King Sweyn I Forkbeard moved Loda to its present location, a distance of some five kilometres. The new location of Lund, on a hill and across a ford, gave the new site considerable defensive advantages in comparison with Uppåkra, situated on the highest point of a large plain.
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Luopioinen
Luopioinen is a former municipality of Finland, situated about 60 kilometres (40 mi) from Tampere. It is part of the Pirkanmaa region and in 2007 it was joined to the municipality of Pälkäne. It is a rural town containing a few lakes, most famous being lake Kukkia.
Coordinates: 61°21′45″N 024°39′25″E / 61.3625°N 24.65694°E / 61.3625; 24.65694
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Längelmäki
Längelmäki is a former municipality of Finland. Längelmäki was divided in 2007 between Jämsä and Orivesi.
Its western parts are now part of the Pirkanmaa region and the eastern part are part of the Central Finland region. The municipality had a population of 1,734 (2003) and covered an area of 496.89 km² of which 71.74 km² was water. The population density was 3.5 inhabitants per km².
The municipality was unilingually Finnish.
Längelmäki is situated by the lake Längelmävesi, from which it has got also its name.
Coordinates: 61°43′45″N 024°48′00″E / 61.72917°N 24.8°E / 61.72917; 24.8
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Malmi, Helsinki
Coordinates: 60°15′01″N 25°00′35″E / 60.25028°N 25.00972°E / 60.25028; 25.00972
Malmi (Swedish: Malm) is a regional center and a major district on the north-eastern part of Helsinki, Finland. It has a population of 24,312 (2008).
Malmi (Malmin kaupunginosa) is divided into six subareas, which are Ylä-Malmi, Ala-Malmi, Pihlajamäki, Tattariharju, Malmin lentokenttä (Malmi airport) and Pihlajisto.
Malmin peruspiiri is a related but distinct subdivision of Helsinki (used for certain administrative purposes) which does not include Pihlajamäki and Pihlajisto, but instead includes Tapanila and Tapaninvainio. The population of this area is approximately 27,800.
Malmi has its own railway station and an airport.
For the 1952 Summer Olympics, it hosted the pistol and rifle shooting events.
Media related to Malmi at Wikimedia Commons
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Malmö
Malmö (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈmalːˈmøː] ( listen)), in the southernmost province of Scania, is Sweden's third largest city by population after Stockholm and Gothenburg, and is one of the largest cities in Scandinavia.
Malmö is the seat of Malmö Municipality and the capital of Skåne County. The administrative entity for most of the city is Malmö Municipality which has 300,515 inhabitants in eight different localities, with 30% being of foreign origin (either born outside of Sweden or having both parents born abroad). Malmö is also a bimunicipal locality, as part of it is formally situated in Burlöv Municipality. The total population of the urban area was 280,415 in December 2010.
Greater Malmö is one of Sweden's three officially recognized Metropolitan areas (storstadsområden) and since 2005 is defined as the municipality of Malmö and 11 other municipalities in the southwestern corner of Scania. On 30 June 2008, its population was recorded to be 628,388. The region covers an area of 2,535.76 square kilometres (979.06 sq mi). The municipalities included, apart from Malmö, are Burlöv, Eslöv, Höör, Kävlinge, Lomma, Lund, Skurup, Staffanstorp, Svedala, Trelleborg and Vellinge. Lund, with a municipal population of over 100,000 and home to one of Scandinavia's major universities, is together with Malmö the region's economic and education hub.
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Manchester
Coordinates: 53°28′N 2°14′W / 53.467°N 2.233°W / 53.467; -2.233
Manchesteri/ˈmæntʃɛstər/ is a city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England with an estimated population of 498,800 in 2010. Manchester lies within one of the United Kingdom's largest urban areas; the Greater Manchester Urban Area which has a population of 2.2 million. The demonym of Manchester is Mancunian and the local authority is Manchester City Council.
Manchester is situated in the south-central part of North West England, fringed by the Cheshire Plain to the south and the Pennines to the north and east. The recorded history of Manchester began with the civilian settlement associated with the Roman fort of Mamucium, which was established in c. 79 AD on a sandstone bluff near the confluence of the rivers Medlock and Irwell. Historically, most of the city was a part of Lancashire, although areas south of the River Mersey were in Cheshire. Throughout the Middle Ages Manchester remained a manorial township, but it began to expand "at an astonishing rate" around the turn of the 19th century. Manchester's unplanned urbanisation was brought on by a boom in textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution, and resulted in it becoming the world's first industrialised city. An early 19th-century factory building boom transformed Manchester from a township into a major mill town and borough that was granted city status in 1853. In 1894 the Manchester Ship Canal was built, creating the Port of Manchester.
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Maunula
Maunula (Finnish), Månsas (Swedish) is a northwestern neighborhood of Helsinki, Finland.
For the 1952 Summer Olympics, it hosted part of the road cycling events.
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Meilahti
Meilahti (in Swedish Mejlans) is a neighbourhood of Helsinki between Mannerheimintie (the main entrance road to Helsinki) and a bay named Seurasaarenselkä. Most of the houses in Meilahti were built in the 1930s and 1940s. Meilahti is home to over 6700 people, including Sauli Niinistö, the President of Finland, who lives in Mäntyniemi, the President's official residence. Jyrki Katainen, the Prime Minister of Finland, also has an official residence in Meilahti, namely Kesäranta.
Several hospitals are located in this district, including the Meilahti Hospital of the Helsinki University Central Hospital (HUCH).
Neighbourhoods surrounding Meilahti are Töölö, Munkkiniemi, Ruskeasuo, Pikku Huopalahti and Laakso.
For the 1952 Summer Olympics, the neighborhood hosted the rowing events.
Coordinates: 60°11′N 24°54′E / 60.183°N 24.9°E / 60.183; 24.9
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Messukylä
Messukylä (Swedish: Messuby) is a former municipality of Finland which was annexed by the city of Tampere in 1947. The medieval stone church (built circa 1540) in Messukylä is the oldest building in Tampere. During the Civil War (1918), Messukylä was the scene of heavy battles around both the medieval and new churches.
Coordinates: 61°29′07″N 023°50′41″E / 61.48528°N 23.84472°E / 61.48528; 23.84472
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Millennium Stadium
The Millennium Stadium (Welsh: Stadiwm y Mileniwm) is the national stadium of Wales, located in the capital city, Cardiff. It is the home of the Wales national rugby union team and also frequently stages games of the Wales national football team, but is also host to many other large scale events, such as the Super Special Stage of Wales Rally Great Britain, Speedway Grand Prix of Great Britain, boxing and many music concerts, including Tina Turner, Madonna, The Rolling Stones, U2, Stereophonics, Paul McCartney, and the Tsunami Relief concert. It was built to host the 1999 Rugby World Cup.
The Millennium Stadium is owned by Millennium Stadium plc which is a subsidiary company of the Welsh Rugby Union (WRU). The stadium was designed by a team led by architects Bligh Lobb Sports Architecture, who merged to become HOK Sport Venue Event, which would be renamed Populous in early 2009. WS Atkins were the structural engineers, and the building contractor was Laing. The total construction cost of the stadium was £121 million, of which the Millennium Commission funded £46 million.
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Miskolc
Miskolc (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈmiʃkolts] ( listen), Slovak: Miškovec) is a city in northeastern Hungary, mainly with heavy industrial background. With a population close to 170,000 (2010) Miskolc is the fourth largest city of Hungary (behind Budapest, Debrecen and Szeged; second-largest with agglomeration.) It is also the county capital of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén and the regional centre of Northern Hungary.
Miskolc is located at 48°6′15″N 20°47′30″E / 48.10417°N 20.79167°E / 48.10417; 20.79167.
The city lies at the meeting point of different geographical regions – east from the Bükk mountains, in the valley of the river Sajó and the streams Hejő and Szinva. According to the 2001 Census the city has a total area of 236.68 km2 (91.38 sq mi). The ground level slopes gradually; the difference between the highest and lowest area is about 800 m (2,600 ft).
The lowest areas are the banks of the river Sajó, with an altitude of 110–120 m (360–390 ft). The area belongs to the Great Plain region and is made up of sedimentary rocks. Between the Avas hill and Diósgyőr lies the hilly area of the Lower Bükk (250–300 m/820–980 ft) consisting of sandstone, marl, clay, layers of coal, from the tertiary period, and volcanic rocks from the Miocene.
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Moomin Museum
Moomin Valley (Moomin museum) (Swedish: Mumindalen, Finnish: Muumilaakso) is situated in the city of Tampere, Finland. In the Moomin Valley Museum you can see original illustrations made by Tove Jansson (the creator of Moomins), 40 miniatures, tableaux about Moomin events and a small (2.5 metres high) Moomin House. You can see the original Moomin Valley multimedia and you may visit the Moomin Valley shop which sells gift items and Moomin books in many languages.
The blue five-storey miniature Moomin House was built by Tuulikki Pietilä, Pentti Eistola and Tove Jansson in the late 1970s. The original idea was to make it round, like Jansson always made it in her illustrations for the Moomin stories, but since it was going to be displayed in a corner at the Bratislava biennale of illustrations in 1979, they decided to make it square instead. No blueprints were made, the house was built freely, floor by floor, and it does not follow any particular architectural style but is influenced by many different styles. The ground floor was sketched by Tuulikki Pietilä's brother, architect Reima Pietilä. Originally, a world tour was planned for the house after the 1979 biennale, but eventually it went on tour only in the Nordic countries in 1980-1983. Then it was taken to the atelier of Tove Jansson, since it needed some repairs after the tour. It was displayed again at the Art Museum of Tampere in 1986 and then got its permanent location at the new Moomin Museum, where it has been on display since 1987. Photos of the Moomin House serve as illustrations in An Unwanted Guest, the last of Jansson's four picture books about the Moomins.
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Mouhijärvi
Mouhijärvi is a former municipality of Finland, located in the southwestern part of the country. It was an agricultural village since the 18th century.
On 1 January 2009 Mouhijärvi was consolidated with the municipalities of Vammala and Äetsä, to form a new town named Sastamala.
Mouhijärvi was located in the southwest Pirkanmaa region, and was part of the former provinces of Turku and Pori Province (1917 to 1997) and Western Finland Province (1997 to 2010). The location is between the shores of Mätikkö and Siilijärvi lakes and covered an area of 268.65 square kilometres (103.73 sq mi), of which 14.48 square kilometres (5.59 sq mi) was water.
The municipality had a population of 2,961 (2003). The population density was 11.0 inhabitants per 1 square kilometre (0.39 sq mi).
The municipality was unilingually Finnish.
Mouhijärvi was notable for being the first municipality in Finland to have an all-female city council — in 1988.
Coordinates: 61°30′45″N 23°00′30″E / 61.5125°N 23.00833°E / 61.5125; 23.00833
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Mwanza
Mwanza is a mid-sized port city on the southern shores of Lake Victoria in northwestern Tanzania. With an urban population of 1.2 million and a metropolitan population of 2 million, it is Tanzania's second largest city, following Dar es Salaam and ahead of other major Tanzanian cities of Arusha, Mbeya and Tanga. Mwanza is the capital of the surrounding Mwanza Region.
Before the colonial era Mwanza Region was under the Sukuma, Kerewe, Kara and Zinza empires. When the Germans colonized Tanganyika, Mwanza became one of the districts in their territory. After the First World War, East Africa came under the supervision of a British mandate.
The British established provincial leadership in Tanganyika and the Mwanza Region became one of the districts of the Lake Province while Biharamulo, Bukoba, Maswa, Shinyanga, Musoma and Kwimba were the other districts of the province. Later on the Lake Province was divided into the Lake Province and the Western Zone. After independence, all the provinces were turned into official regions. Mwanza Region remained a part of the Lake Region until 1963 when it was officially given the status of a region.
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Mänttä
Mänttä is a former town and municipality of Finland. It was merged with the municipality of Vilppula to form Mänttä-Vilppula on 1 January 2009.
The place name Mänttä comes from an old house which Tuomas Niilonpoika Mäntsä (1570–1618) founded in Keuruskoski in the wilderness of Sääksmäki.
It was located in the province of Western Finland and was part of the Pirkanmaa region. The municipality had a population of 6,407 in 2008 and covered an area of 85.84 km² of which 21.61 km² was water. The population density was 100.0 inhabitants per km².
The municipality was unilingually Finnish.
Media related to Mänttä at Wikimedia Commons
Coordinates: 62°01′45″N 24°37′25″E / 62.02917°N 24.62361°E / 62.02917; 24.62361
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Nizhny Novgorod
Nizhny Novgorod (Russian: Нижний Новгород; IPA: [ˈnʲiʐnʲɪj ˈnovɡərət]), colloquially shortened to Nizhny, is, with the population of 1,250,615, the fifth largest city in Russia.
From 1932 to 1990, the city was known as Gorky (Горький, IPA: [ˈɡorʲkʲɪj]), after the writer Maxim Gorky who was born there.
The city is an important economic, transport and cultural center of the Russian Federation. It is the economic and cultural center of the vast Volga-Vyatka economic region, and also the administrative center of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast and Volga Federal District.
After the destruction of the Mordvin Inäzor Obram, a hillfort named Obran Osh (Ashli) at the site of future stone Kremlin in 1220, a small Russian wooden hillfort was founded by Grand Duke Yury II in 1221. Located at the confluence of two most important rivers of his principality, the Volga (Mordvin "Rav" or "Rava"), and the Oka, and Obran Osh was renamed Nizhny Novgorod. Its name literally means Lower Newtown, to distinguish it from the older Veliky Novgorod. Its independent existence was threatened by the continuous Mordvin attacks against it. The major attempt made by Inäzor Purgaz from Arzamas in January 1229 was repulsed, but after the death of Yuri II on March 4, 1238 at the Battle of Sit River the Mongols occupied the fortress and the remnants of small Nizhny Novgorod settlement which surrendered without any resistance in order to preserve what had been developed since Purgaz's attack nine years earlier. Later a major stronghold for border protection, Nizhny Novgorod fortress took advantage of a natural moat formed by the two rivers.
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Nokia, Finland
Nokia, Finland (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈnokiɑ]) is a town and a municipality on the banks of the Nokianvirta River (Kokemäenjoki) in the region of Pirkanmaa, some 15 kilometres (9 mi) west of Tampere. As of 31 January 2012 it has a population of 32,075.
The origin of the name "Nokia" is obscure. In modern Finnish, noki means soot and nokia is its inflected plural, although this form of the word is rarely if ever used. The most common theory claims the name actually originates from the archaic Finnish word nois (pl. nokia) or nokinäätä ("soot marten"), meaning sable. After sable was hunted to extinction in Finland, the word was applied to any dark-coated fur animal, such as the marten, which are found in the area to this day. The sable is enshrined on the Nokia coat of arms. However, later research has appeared to indicate that sables never inhabited Finland in the first place, and the name nois may actually refer to the beaver.
The first literary reference to Nokia is in a 1505 document in connection with the Nokia Manor.
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Nordic countries
The Nordic countries make up a region in Northern Europe and the North Atlantic which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden and their associated territories, the Faroe Islands, Greenland and Åland. In English, Scandinavia is sometimes used as a synonym for the Nordic countries (but excluding Greenland), despite the fact that that word is most strictly defined to refer only to Denmark, Norway and Sweden.
The region's five nation-states and three autonomous regions share much common history as well as common traits in their respective societies, such as political systems and the Nordic model. Politically, Nordic countries do not form a separate entity, but they co-operate in the Nordic Council. The Nordic countries have a combined population of approximately 25 million spread over a land area of 3.5 million km² (Greenland accounts for around 60% of the total area).
Although the area is linguistically heterogeneous, with three unrelated language groups, the common linguistic heritage is one of the factors making up the Nordic identity. The continental Scandinavian languages – Danish, Norwegian and Swedish – are considered mutually intelligible. These languages are taught in school throughout the Nordic countries; Swedish, for example, is a mandatory subject in Finnish schools, whereas Danish is mandatory in Icelandic, Faroese and Greenlandic schools. For this reason, (continental) Scandinavian language is considered the lingua franca of all of the Nordic countries. Besides these and the insular North Germanic languages Faroese and Icelandic, all belonging to the Indo-European language group, there are the Finnic and Sami branches of the Uralic languages, spoken respectively in northern Norway, Sweden and Finland, and Greenlandic, an Eskimo–Aleut language, spoken in Greenland.
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Norrköping
Norrköping [ˈnɔrːˈɕøːpɪŋ] is a city in the province of Östergötland in eastern Sweden and the seat of Norrköping Municipality, Östergötland County. The city has a population of 87,247 inhabitants in 2010, out of a municipal total of 130,050, making it Sweden's tenth largest city and eighth largest municipality.
The city is situated by the mouth of the river Motala ström, at Bråviken, an inlet of the Baltic Sea. Water power from the Motala ström and the good harbour were factors that facilitated the rapid growth of this once industrial city, known for its textile industry. It has several nicknames such as: "Sweden's Manchester", "Peking" and "Surbullestan" (Surbulle [sour bun] was a local nickname for the textile workers, and stan is short for Staden, which means The City or The Town in Swedish)
The city has medieval foundations by settlers around the Norrköping twin city with Linköping Motala stream estuary, who used the falls and rapids to power their mills. The stream was also full of fish such as salmon. Exact dates are uncertain, but there are mentions of a church in the 12th century. It was dedicated to Saint Olaf, Norway's patron.
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Norway
Norwayi/ˈnɔrweɪ/ (Norwegian: Norge (Bokmål) or Noreg (Nynorsk)), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and the subantarctic Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of 385,252 square kilometres (148,747 sq mi) and a population of about 5 million. It is the second least densely populated country in Europe. The majority of the country shares a border to the east with Sweden; its northernmost region is bordered by Finland to the south and Russia to the east; in its south Norway borders the Skagerrak Strait across from Denmark. The capital city of Norway is Oslo. Norway's extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea, is home to its famous fjords.
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Näsinneula tower
Näsinneula is an observation tower in Tampere, Finland, overseeing Lake Näsijärvi. It was built in 1970–1971 and was designed by Pekka Ilveskoski. It is the tallest free-standing structure in Finland and the tallest observation tower in the Nordic countries at a height of 168 metres (551 ft). The tower opened in 1971 and is located in the Särkänniemi amusement park. There is a revolving restaurant in the tower 124 metres (407 ft) above the ground; one revolution takes 45 minutes. The design of Näsinneula was inspired by the Space Needle in Seattle. The idea of a revolving restaurant was taken from the Puijo tower in Kuopio.
The base of the tower is at about 15 metres (49 ft) of elevation from lake Näsijärvi. There are two elevators, made by Valmet-Schlieren. The elevators go up to a height of 120 metres (390 ft), to the Pilvilinna ("Cloud Castle") café. The restaurant (called Näsinneula) is one story higher.
The elevator ride to the top takes 27 seconds with a maximum speed of 6 m/s (20 ft/s) and the elevators carry a maximum of 16 people. The elevators are still the fastest public elevators in Finland. In the event of a blackout, the tower's own diesel emergency generator will start. In an emergency people can be evacuated with stairs that have 700 steps.
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Odense
The city of Odense (Danish pronunciation: [ˈoðˀn̩sə] ( listen)) is the third largest city in Denmark. Odense City has a population of 168,798 (as of 1 January 2012 (2012 -01-01)[update]) and is the main city of the island of Funen. The city is the seat of Odense Municipality, with a population of 191,610 (as of 1 January 2012 (2012 -01-01)[update]), and was the seat of Odense County until 1970, and Funen County from 1970 until 1 January 2007, when Funen County became part of the Region of Southern Denmark.
Odense (from Odins Vé, meaning "Odin's shrine", referring to the god Odin of Denmark's indigenous Norse mythology), is one of the oldest cities of Denmark and had its 1000th anniversary in 1988. To celebrate this, a forest named "the Thousand Year Forest" (Danish: Tusindårsskoven) was cultivated. The shrine of Saint Canute (Danish: Sankt Knud / Knud den Hellige) in Saint Canute's Cathedral held great attraction for pilgrims throughout the Middle Ages.
In the 16th century, the town was the meeting-place of several parliaments, and down to 1805 it was the seat of the provincial assembly of Funen.
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Orivesi
Orivesi is a town and a municipality of Finland. It was founded in 1865.
It is located in the province of Western Finland and is part of the Pirkanmaa region. The municipality has a population of 9,582 (31 January 2012) and covers an area of 960.08 square kilometres (370.69 sq mi) of which 160.53 km2 (61.98 sq mi) is water. The population density is 11.98 inhabitants per square kilometre (31.0 /sq mi).
The municipality is unilingually Finnish. The name Orivesi means literally "stallion water".
The municipality of Eräjärvi was consolidated with Orivesi in 1973. A part of the municipality of Längelmäki was consolidated with Orivesi in 2007.
Orivesi is mostly known for its Oriveden Opisto art school. The town center of Orivesi is located by the lake Längelmävesi.
Orivesi modern church
Belfry of the old wooden church destroyed by a fire
Media related to Orivesi at Wikimedia Commons
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Oslo
Oslo (English pronunciation: /ˈɒzloʊ/, OZ-loh,Norwegian pronunciation: [²ʊʃlʊ] ( listen) or [²ʊslʊ]) is the capital of and most populous city in Norway. Founded around 1048 by King Harald III, the city was elevated to a bishopric in 1070 and a capital under Haakon V around 1300. Personal unions with Denmark from 1397 to 1523 and again from 1536 to 1814 and with Sweden from 1814 to 1905 reduced its influence. After being destroyed by a fire in 1624, the city was moved closer to Akershus Castle during the reign of King Christian IV and renamed Christiania in his honour. It was established as a municipality (formannskapsdistrikt) on 1 January 1838. Following a spelling reform, it was known as Kristiania from 1877 to 1925, when its original Norwegian name was restored.
Oslo is the economic and governmental centre of Norway. The city is also a hub of Norwegian trade, banking, industry and shipping. It is an important centre for maritime industries and maritime trade in Europe. The city is home to many companies within the maritime sector, some of which are amongst the world's largest shipping companies, shipbrokers and maritime insurance brokers. Oslo is a pilot city of the Council of Europe and the European Commission intercultural cities programme.
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Oulu
Oulu (pronounced [ˈoulu] ( listen), Swedish: Uleåborg [ˈʉːleɔˌbɔrj]) is a city and municipality of 143,988 inhabitants (31 January 2012) in the region of Northern Ostrobothnia, in Finland. It is the most populous city in Northern Finland and the sixth most populous city in the country. It is one of the northernmost larger cities in the world.
Oulu was founded on April 8, 1605, by King Charles IX of Sweden opposite to the fort built on the island of Linnansaari. This took place after favourable peace settlements with the Russians, which removed the threat of attack via the main east-west waterway, the river Oulu. The surrounding areas were populated much earlier. Oulu is situated by the Gulf of Bothnia, at the mouth of river Oulujoki, which is an ancient trading site. One possible source for the name Oulu is a word in the Sami language meaning 'flood water', but there are other suggestions. Oulu was the capital of the Province of Oulu from 1776 to 2009.
In 1822, a major fire destroyed much of the city. The architect Carl Ludvig Engel, chiefly known for the neoclassical (empire style) buildings around Helsinki Senate Square, was enlisted to provide the plan for the rebuilding of the city. With minor changes, this plan remains the basis for the layout of Oulu's town center. The Oulu Cathedral was built in 1832 to his designs, with the spire being finished in 1844.
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Pakila
Pakila (Swedish: Baggböle) is a neighbourhood in Northern Helsinki. It comprises Länsi-Pakila and Itä-Pakila. Pakila has approximately 9,829 inhabitants which of 6464 lives in Länsi-Pakila and 3365 in Itä-Pakila
The neighborhood hosted the road cycling for the 1952 Summer Olympics.
Coordinates: 60°15′N 24°57′E / 60.25°N 24.95°E / 60.25; 24.95
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Pankritio Stadium
Pankritio Stadium (Greek: Παγκρήτιο Στάδιο, Pagkritio Stadio literally:Pancretan Stadium) is a sports stadium located in Heraklion on the island of Crete. It was completed on December 31, 2003, and officially opened on August 11, 2004, just before the beginning of the 2004 Summer Olympics to host the football match Greece vs. Switzerland. It has a capacity of 27,000 seats.
The stadium is currently the home ground of Superleague football team Ergotelis.
Coordinates: 35°20′12″N 25°06′22″E / 35.33667°N 25.10611°E / 35.33667; 25.10611
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Parkano
Parkano is a town and municipality in Finland.
It is located 84 kilometres (52 mi) north of Tampere in the province of Western Finland, and is part of the Pirkanmaa region. The population of Parkano is 6,975 (January 31, 2012) and the municipality covers an area of 852.16 km2 (329.02 sq mi) of which 57.50 km2 (22.20 sq mi) is inland water (January 1, 2011). The population density is 8.19 /km2 (21.2 /sq mi).
The municipality is unilingually Finnish.
The most famous person to live in Parkano is probably "the baron of Parkano", Gustav Wrede af Elimä.[who?]
Media related to Parkano at Wikimedia Commons
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Pirkanmaa
Pirkanmaa (Swedish: Birkaland), or the Tampere Region (official English name), is a region of Finland. It borders on the regions of Satakunta, Tavastia Proper, Päijänne Tavastia, Southern Ostrobothnia and Central Finland.
As the name implies, the city of Tampere is the regional centre.
Pirkanmaa includes 22 municipalities of which 11 have city status. The cities are marked in bold in the following list.
Alphabetical list of municipalities in Pirkanmaa:
Results of the Finnish parliamentary election, 2011 in Pirkanmaa:
Coordinates: 61°42′N 23°43′E / 61.7°N 23.717°E / 61.7; 23.717
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Pirkkala
Pirkkala (Swedish: Birkala) is a municipality of Finland.
It is located some 10 kilometres (6 mi) south-west from Tampere in the province of Western Finland and is part of the Pirkanmaa region. The municipality has a population of 17,802 (31 January 2012) and covers an area of 104.04 square kilometres (40.17 sq mi) of which 22.66 km2 (8.75 sq mi) is water. The population density is 218.75 inhabitants per square kilometre (566.6 /sq mi). Pirkkala is currently the fastest growing municipality in Pirkanmaa region.
The municipality is unilingually Finnish.
Tampere-Pirkkala Airport is located in south-west Pirkkala and is currently the second most important international airport in Finland after Helsinki-Vantaa Airport.
The old Suur-Pirkkala (Great-Pirkkala) is known in old writings from the 14th century, and it occupied over half of Pirkanmaa region nowadays populated by about 360,000 inhabitants. Suur-Pirkkala began to split when new parishes and municipalities were founded. In the year 1922 the remainings of Suur-Pirkkala were split into Pohjois- and Etelä-Pirkkala (Northern and Southern). In 1938 the name of Northern Pirkkala was changed to Nokia and Southern Pirkkala restored its original Pirkkala name.
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Poland
Polandi/ˈpoʊlənd/ (Polish: Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska; Kashubian: Pòlskô Repùblika; Silesian: Polsko Republika), is a country in Central Europe, bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north. The total area of Poland is 312,679 square kilometres (120,726 sq mi), making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. Poland has a population of over 38 million people, which makes it the 34th most populous country in the world and the sixth most populous member of the European Union, being its most populous post-communist member. Poland is a unitary state made up of 16 voivodeships. Poland is a member of the European Union, NATO, the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), European Economic Area, International Energy Agency, Council of Europe, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, International Atomic Energy Agency, G6, Council of the Baltic Sea States, Visegrád Group, Weimar Triangle and Schengen Agreement.
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Pori
Pori (Swedish: Björneborg) is a city and municipality on the west coast of Finland. The city is located some 15 kilometres (9 mi) from the Gulf of Bothnia, on the estuary of the Kokemäenjoki river, which is the largest in Finland. It was established in 1558 by John III (Finnish: Juhana III or Juhana-herttua). Pori is the most important town in the Satakunta region.
The municipality has a population of 83,192 (31 January 2012) and covers an area of 1,704.07 square kilometres (657.95 sq mi) of which 870.01 km2 (335.91 sq mi) is water. The population density is 99.74 /km2 (258.3 /sq mi). The municipality is unilingually Finnish. Pori is the 11th largest city in Finland, and the 7th largest urban area.
The Neo-Gothic Juselius Mausoleum, located in the Käppärä cemetery in central Pori, was built in 1903 by the wealthy industrialist F.A. Juselius for his daughter Sigrid, who died when she was only 11 years old. The mausoleum was designed by the architect Josef Stenbäck. The mausoleum originally had frescoes painted by artist Akseli Gallen-Kallela, but these decayed after a short time. The frescoes were restored by Akseli's son Jorma Gallen-Kallela using his father's sketches.
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Poststadion
The Poststadion is a multi-use stadium in the Moabit district of Berlin, Germany, built in 1929 for the sports club of the German Reichspost at the site of a former Prussian Uhlan parade ground. A designated landmark since 1990, its stands and terrace are currently under reconstruction. The fields are used mostly for regional football and host the home matches of SC Minerva 93 Berlin and SC Union 06 Berlin, since 2008 also of SV Yeşilyurt Berlin and Berlin AK 07.
The stadium today holds 15,005 people and is all-seater. Before, it held up to 45,000 spectators, who on 10 May 1930 saw the German national football team playing 3-3 against England, one of the first encounters of the two teams. Richard Hofmann scored all three goals for Germany before England's David Jack finally equalised.
After the Deutsches Stadion in Charlottenburg had been closed in 1934, the Poststadion became the site of the German championship final. FC Schalke 04 won with 2-1 over 1. FC Nuremberg, who themselves gained the title two years later in a 2-1 match against Fortuna Düsseldorf. The stadium was also used as a boxing arena, when on 7 July 1935 Max Schmeling won against Paulino Uzcudun after twelve rounds.
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Punkalaidun
Punkalaidun is a municipality of Finland.
It is located in the province of Western Finland and is part of the Pirkanmaa region. The municipality has a population of 3,232 (31 January 2012) and covers an area of 364.02 square kilometres (140.55 sq mi) of which 2.95 km2 (1.14 sq mi) is water. The population density is 8.95 inhabitants per square kilometre (23.2 /sq mi).
The municipality is unilingually Finnish.
Media related to Punkalaidun at Wikimedia Commons
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Pälkäne
Pälkäne is a municipality of Finland.
Pälkäne is in the province of Western Finland and is part of the Pirkanmaa region. The municipality has a population of 6,886 (31 January 2012) and covers an area of 738.14 square kilometres (285.00 sq mi) of which 177.65 km2 (68.59 sq mi) is water. The population density is 12.29 inhabitants per square kilometre (31.8 /sq mi).
The municipality is unilingually Finnish.
From start of year 2007 Palkäne and Luopioinen were merged to a new municipality of Pälkäne.
The lakes Pälkänevesi and Kukkia and parts of the lakes Mallasvesi and Roine are situated in Pälkäne. Of these Kukkia is situated in the area of the former municipality of Luopioinen.
Media related to Pälkäne at Wikimedia Commons
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Randers
Randers (Danish pronunciation: [ˈʁɑnɐs]) is a city in Randers municipality (Aarhus County, Region Midtjylland) on the Jutland peninsula in central Denmark. It is Denmark's sixth-largest city, with a population of 61,121 (1 January 2012). Randers city is the main town of the municipality and the site of its municipal council.
Randers municipality has 94,750 inhabitants (2010). The municipality is also a part of the East Jutland metropolitan area, which has 1.2 million inhabitants..
Randers, Denmark's only natural river harbour, is on the banks of the River Guden (Gudenå), about 6 miles (10 km) above its mouth in Randers Fjord, and 111 miles (179 km) west-northwest of Copenhagen. This location has had great significance for trade by sea. Barges on the Guden River and the Northern River (Nørreå) transported goods into Randers from Silkeborg and Viborg for export. In return, items were imported.
A vast agricultural area, and good transportation by land and by water, helped make Randers a dynamic center for trade and commerce. Known for the many access roads leading into the city, it has engendered the popular saying, "Where the waterway meets the 13 highways" ("Hvor søvejen møder de 13 landeveje").
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Reykjavik
Reykjavík (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈreiːcaˌviːk] (
listen)) is the capital and largest city in Iceland.
Its latitude, at 64°08' N, makes it the world's northernmost capital of a sovereign state. It is located in southwestern Iceland, on the southern shore of Faxaflói Bay. With a population of around 120,000 (and over 200,000 in the Greater Reykjavík Area), it is the heart of Iceland's economic and governmental activity.
Reykjavík is believed to be the location of the first permanent settlement in Iceland, which Ingólfur Arnarson is said to have established around 870 C.E. Until the 18th century, there was no urban development in the city location. The city was founded in 1786 as an official trading town and grew steadily over the next decades, as it transformed into a regional and later national centre of commerce, population, and governmental activities.
The first permanent settlement in Iceland by Norsemen is believed to have been established in Reykjavík by Ingólfur Arnarson around AD 870; this is described in Landnámabók, or the Book of Settlement. Ingólfur Arnarson is said to have decided the location of his settlement using a traditional Viking method; by casting his high seat pillars (Öndvegissúlur) into the ocean when he saw the coastline, then settled where the pillars came to shore. Steam from hot springs in the region is said to have inspired Reykjavík's name, which loosely translates to Smoke Cove (the city is often referred to as the Bay of Smokes or Bay of Smoke) The original name was Reykjarvík with an additional "r" that vanished around 1300.[citation needed]
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Romania
Romania (i/roʊˈmeɪniə/ roh-MAY-nee-ə; dated: Roumania; or Rumania;Romanian: România [romɨˈni.a] ( listen)) is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea. Romania shares a border with Hungary and Serbia to the west, Ukraine and Moldova to the northeast and east, and Bulgaria to the south.
At 238,400 square kilometers (92,000 sq mi), Romania is the ninth largest country of the European Union by area, and has the seventh largest population of the European Union with over 19 million people. Its capital and largest city is Bucharest, the tenth largest city in the EU with about two million people.
The Kingdom of Romania emerged when the principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia were united under Prince Alexander Ioan Cuza in 1859. Independence from the Ottoman Empire was declared on 9 May 1877, and was internationally recognized the following year. At the end of World War I, Transylvania, Bukovina and Bessarabia united with the Kingdom of Romania. Greater Romania emerged into an era of progression and prosperity that would continue until World War II. By the end of the War, many north-eastern areas of Romania's territories were occupied by the Soviet Union, and Romania forcibly became a socialist republic and a member of the Warsaw Pact.
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Rosenaustadion
Rosenaustadion is a multi-purpose stadium in Augsburg, Bavaria, Germany. It is the largest stadium in the city.
Until 2009, the stadium was used mostly for football matches by the football club FC Augsburg. It has an official capacity of 32,354 people. It was built in 1951. In 2009, it was replaced by the Impuls Arena
The stadium was built from 1949, using debris from the aerial bombings of the Second World War. The original plans for the stadium however go back to 1926. A temporary narrow gauge railway line run from 1946 from the city centre to the construction site, carrying 185,000 tonnes of debris to be used at the new stadium.
The Rosenaustadion was opened on 16 September 1951 with a Germany versus Austria football match, a B-international, drawing a crowd of 51,000.
From 1951 to 1972 the Rosenau-stadium possessed an outstanding meaning for German sport, particularly in the disciplines of football and athletics, due to its size and modernity. With the opening of Munich's Olympiastadion for the 1972 Summer Olympics, this position was lessened. Despite this, the stadium did host five football matches during these games.
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Ruovesi
Ruovesi is a municipality of Finland.
It is located in the Pirkanmaa region. The municipality has a population of 4,939 (31 January 2012) and covers an area of 950.15 square kilometres (366.85 sq mi) of which 173.97 km2 (67.17 sq mi) is water. The population density is 6.36 inhabitants per square kilometre (16.5 /sq mi).
The municipality is unilingually Finnish.
Helvetinjärvi National Park is located in Ruovesi. The biggest lake in the area of the municipality is Lake Ruovesi. The educational department takes part in Lifelong Learning Programme 2007–2013 in Finland.
Media related to Ruovesi at Wikimedia Commons
Helvetinjärvi National Park
Ruovesi Church
Birch forest near Ruovesi
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Ruskeasuo
Ruskeasuo (Brunakärr in Swedish, verbatim "Brown swamp") is a neighbourhood of Helsinki (Helsingfors in Swedish), about 3 kilometres north of the city center.
With a population of 2670 (year 2005) Ruskeasuo is a rather quiet residential area. Buildings by Mannerheimintie are typically 6-8 floors high from 1950s. Between Mannerheimintie and Central Park, low-rise buildings are dominant.
The equestrian dressage and eventing competitions for the 1952 Summer Olympics took place at their sports hall.
Coordinates: 60°12′N 24°54′E / 60.2°N 24.9°E / 60.2; 24.9
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Russia
Russiai/ˈrʌʃə/ or /ˈrʊʃə/ (Russian: Россия, tr. Rossiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijə] ( listen)), also officially known as the Russian Federation (Russian: Российская Федерация, tr. Rossiyskaya Federatsiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijskəjə fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨjə] ( listen)), is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It also has maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk, and the US state of Alaska by the Bering Strait. At 17,075,400 square kilometres (6,592,800 sq mi), Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than one eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area. Russia is also the eighth most populous nation with 143 million people. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning nine time zones and incorporating a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources and is the largest producer of oil and natural gas globally. Russia has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's fresh water.
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Råsunda Stadium
Råsunda Fotbollstadion, also Råsundastadion, Råsunda Stadium or just Råsunda, is a Swedish national football stadium. It is located in Solna Municipality in Metropolitan Stockholm and named after Råsunda, a zone of Solna.
It was opened in 1937 although there had already existed stadiums at the site; the earliest opened in 1910. The inaugural match took place on 18 April 1937 when AIK played against Malmö FF, AIK won the match 4–0. Råsunda has a capacity of 35,000–36,608 depending on usage. The 1910 stadium hosted some of the football and some of the shooting events at the 1912 Summer Olympics. The stadium is the home stadium for AIK, and is used for many derbies between Stockholm clubs. It also hosts the headquarters of the Swedish Football Association, and stages 75% of the home matches of the national football team each year, with most other matches being played at Ullevi in Gothenburg. These two stadiums are UEFA 4-star rated football stadiums.[citation needed]
The record attendance is 52,943 and was set 26 September 1965, when Sweden played West Germany.
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Sahalahti
Sahalahti is a former municipality of Finland.
It was located in the province of Western Finland and was part of the Pirkanmaa region. The municipality had a population of 2,229 (2003) and covered an area of 171.96 km² of which 35.09 km² was water. The population density was 16.3 inhabitants per km². Sahalahti joined to Kangasala on January 1, 2005.
The municipality was unilingually Finnish.
Coordinates: 61°28′N 24°19′E / 61.467°N 24.317°E / 61.467; 24.317
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Sastamala
Sastamala is a town and municipality of Finland. It was created January 1, 2009, when the municipalities of Vammala, Äetsä and Mouhijärvi were consolidated into a single town.
It is located in the province of Western Finland, and is part of the Pirkanmaa region. The town has a population of 24,474 (31 January 2012) and covers an area of 1,387.56 square kilometres (535.74 sq mi) of which 96.14 km2 (37.12 sq mi) is water. The population density is 18.95 inhabitants per square kilometre (49.1 /sq mi).
The municipality is unilingually Finnish.
Media related to Sastamala at Wikimedia Commons
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Seinäjoki
Seinäjoki is a city located in Southern Ostrobothnia, Finland. Seinäjoki originated around the Östermyra bruk iron and gunpowder factories founded in 1798. Seinäjoki became a municipality in 1868, market town in 1931 and town in 1960. In the beginning of 2009, the neighbouring municipalities of Nurmo and Ylistaro were consolidated with Seinäjoki.
The Town library, Lakeuden Risti church and central administrative buildings are designed by Alvar Aalto.
The asteroid 1521 Seinäjoki bears the town's name.
Seinäjoki was historically called Östermyra in Swedish. Today this name is very seldom used even among the Swedish speakers. Literal translation for Seinäjoki is "Wallriver".
Seinäjoki Airport is located in the neighbouring municipality of Ilmajoki, 11 kilometres (10 mi) south of Seinäjoki city centre.
The settlement spread in the area of the present Seinäjoki during the first half of the 16th century. During the 1550s there is said to have been three houses in Seinäjoki, Marttila, Jouppi and Uppa houses. House of Jouppila, which separated from the house of Jouppi, was established during the same century. All of the houses were located on the shore of the river.
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Shanghai Stadium
The Shanghai Stadium (simplified Chinese: 上海体育场; traditional Chinese: 上海體育場; pinyin: Shànghǎi Tǐyùchǎng) is a multi-purpose stadium in Shanghai, China. It is currently used mostly for football matches.
The stadium was built in 1997 when the 8th National Games of the People's Republic of China was held in Shanghai. It can hold about 80,000 people, so it is also called the "80,000 people's Stadium"(八万人体育场). It is one of the thirty largest football stadiums in the world, and is the third largest stadium in China after the Guangdong Olympic Stadium and the Beijing National Stadium. It was used for football preliminaries at the 2008 Summer Olympics. Shanghai Stadium was also the venue for the Opening Ceremony of the 2007 Special Olympics World Summer Games.
Shanghai Stadium is close to Shanghai Indoor Stadium. Since the names of the two buildings differ by only a word in both Chinese and in English, many people have confused the two. This has been made worse by the opening of Shanghai Metro Line 4, in which the two are situated at adjacent stops.
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Stade Bergeyre
Stade Bergeyre is a former sports stadium in Paris, France, located in 19th district of the French capital. Built in August 1918, with financial support of Jacques Sigrand. Its capacity was approximately 15,000, and the name comes from the name of a French rugby player, who died in First World War.
Bergeyre stadium was mainly used for soccer games, and was home of the Olympique Paris team. Also, rugby, track and field and various other activities (e.g. circus) took place there. In 1924, several football and rugby games of the Olympic Games took place here. However, just two years later, it was demolished because the city of Paris, which was quickly growing, needed space for housing.
Coordinates: 48°52′38″N 2°22′37″E / 48.87722°N 2.37694°E / 48.87722; 2.37694
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Stade de Paris
The Stade de Paris (usually called Stade Bauer) is a 10,000-capacity football (soccer) stadium in Saint-Ouen, Seine-Saint-Denis in the northern suburbs of Paris. The stadium is mainly used by Red Star 93 who currently play in the Championnat de France Amateurs but have tasted success in the Coupe de France, winning it on five occasions.
It hosted some of the football and rugby union events for the 1924 Summer Olympics.
Stade de Paris was also the France national rugby league team's home ground for the 1935, 1936–37, 1938, and 1952–53 European Rugby League Championships.
Lately the stadium has fallen into bad shape, damaged heavily by a storm in 1999 and suffering from a lack of care since.
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Stade Joseph Marien
Stade Joseph Marien is a multi-use stadium in Brussels, Belgium. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of R. Union Saint-Gilloise. The stadium holds 8,000 and was opened in 1919. It is located within the Duden park and its entrance is at one end of the Rue du Stade.
It hosted some of the football events for the 1920 Summer Olympics.
Coordinates: 50°49′4″N 4°19′45″E / 50.81778°N 4.32917°E / 50.81778; 4.32917
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Stade Pershing
Stade Pershing was a multi-purpose stadium in Vincennes, France. It was used mostly for football matches and hosted the final of the Coupe de France on four occasions. It also hosted some of the football and rugby matches during the 1924 Summer Olympics. The stadium was able to hold 29,000 spectators at its height; it opened in 1919 and closed in 1960. Its area currently hosts baseball games.
The stadium was built as the Pershing Stadium by the US Military at the end of World War I. It hosted the Inter-Allied Games, and then was presented as a gift from the USA to France after the games concluded. An exhibition match at Stade Pershing between the Great Britain and Australian national rugby league football teams in December 1933 inspired the beginnings of rugby league in France.
Coordinates: 48°49′49″N 2°27′23″E / 48.83028°N 2.45639°E / 48.83028; 2.45639
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Stadio Adriatico
Stadio Adriatico - Giovanni Cornacchia is a stadium in Pescara, Abruzzo, Italy, which opened in 1955 and designed by Italian architect Luigi Piccinato. For the 1960 Summer Olympics, it hosted some of the football preliminaries. It originated as a multipurpose athletic facility and a center for the Italian National Olympic Committee. Today, the stadium is intended primarily for football and athletics and is the home stadium of Serie A club Delfino Pescara 1936.
The stadium, which completed its renovation works in 2009, was the main stadium of the 2009 Mediterranean Games. In the past, it has hosted several Italy national football team matches and was selected as a reserve stadium for the 1990 World Cup.
The oval-style stadium was designed by Luigi Piccinato along the lines of the Stadio Olimpico in Rome. From an architectural perspective, it is of interest for its use of arches to support the bleachers. Originally, the stadium had one-level stands and could only accommodate 10,000 spectators. After Pescara Calcio's first promotion to the Serie A in 1977, the stadium was subject to the widening of the Curve and also to the stands with the addition of a second level. It resulted in the stadium to be able to accommodate 34,000 spectators. Prior to the Heysel Stadium Disaster, when stadium security and regulations were less strict, the stadium was able to hold up to 40,000 paying spectators.
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Stadio San Paolo
Stadio San Paolo is a multi-purpose stadium in the western suburb of Fuorigrotta in Naples, Italy, and is the third largest football stadium in Italy after the San Siro and Stadio Olimpico. For the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, it hosted the football preliminaries. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home of Napoli. The stadium was built in 1959 and underwent extensive renovations in 1989 for the 1990 World Cup. The present capacity of the San Paolo is 60,240.
The stadium is probably most famous for hosting the 1990 World Cup semi-final between Italy and Argentina. Considered to be the most intriguing match of that World Cup, Diego Maradona asked for the Napoli fans to cheer for Argentina. The Napoli tifosi responded by hanging a flag in their "curva" of the stadium saying "Maradona, Naples loves you, but Italy is our homeland". It was touching for Maradona as Napoli was the only stadium during that World Cup that the Argentinian national anthem was not jeered. The match finished 1–1 after extra time. A penalty shoot out ensued with Maradona fittingly scoring the winning penalty for Argentina.
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Stockholm
Stockholm (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈstɔkːˈhɔlm, ˈstɔkːˈɔlm, ˈstɔkːɔlm]( listen to the second one)) is the capital and the largest city of Sweden and constitutes the most populated urban area in Scandinavia. Stockholm is the most populous city in Sweden, with a population of 864,324 in the municipality (2010), 1.4 million in the urban area (2010), and around 2.1 million in the 6,519 km2 (2,517.00 sq mi) metropolitan area (2010). As of 2010, the Stockholm metropolitan area is home to approximately 22% of Sweden's population.
Founded no later than c. 1250, possibly as early as 1187, Stockholm has long been one of Sweden's cultural, media, political, and economic centres. Its strategic location on 14 islands on the south-central east coast of Sweden at the mouth of Lake Mälaren, by the Stockholm archipelago, has been historically important. Stockholm has been nominated by GaWC as a global city, with a ranking of Alpha-. In The 2008 Global Cities Index, Stockholm ranked 24th in the world, 10th in Europe, and first in Scandinavia. Stockholm is known for its beauty, its buildings and architecture, its abundant clean and open water, and its many parks. It is sometimes referred to as Venice of the North.
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Suodenniemi
Suodenniemi is a former municipality of southwestern Finland.
Suodenniemi was first consolidated into Vammala in 2007. On 1 January 2009, Vammala itself was consolidated with Äetsä and Mouhijärvi to form the new named town of Sastamala.
Suodenniemi was located in western Pirkanmaa region, and was part of the former provinces of Turku and Pori Province (1917 to 1997) and Western Finland Province (1997 to 2009).
The municipality had a population of 1,372 (2003) and covered an area of 220.83 square kilometres (85.26 sq mi) of which 13.20 square kilometres (5.10 sq mi) is water. The population density was 6.6 inhabitants per 1 square kilometre (0.39 sq mi).
The municipality was unilingually Finnish.
Coordinates: 61°33′30″N 22°46′50″E / 61.55833°N 22.78056°E / 61.55833; 22.78056
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Sweden
Sweden (i/ˈswiːdən/ SWEE-dən; Swedish: Sverige [ˈsværjɛ] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: Konungariket Sverige (help·info)), is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland, and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Øresund.
At 450,295 square kilometres (173,860 sq mi), Sweden is the third largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of about 9.4 million. Sweden has a low population density of 21 inhabitants per square kilometre (54 /sq mi) with the population mostly concentrated to the southern half of the country. About 85% of the population live in urban areas. Sweden's capital city is Stockholm, which is also the largest city.
Sweden emerged as an independent and unified country during the Middle Ages. In the 17th century, the country expanded its territories to form the Swedish Empire. The empire grew to be one of the great powers of Europe in the 17th and early 18th century. Most of the conquered territories outside the Scandinavian Peninsula were lost during the 18th and 19th centuries. The eastern half of Sweden, present-day Finland, was lost to Russia in 1809. The last war in which Sweden was directly involved was in 1814, when Sweden by military means forced Norway into a personal union. Since then, Sweden has been at peace, practicing "non-participation in military alliances during peacetime and neutrality during wartime". However, Sweden has been a member of the European Union since 1 January 1995 and is a member of the OECD.
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Syracuse, New York
Syracuse ( /ˈsɪrəkjuːs/ or local /ˈsɛrəkjuːs/) is a city in and the county seat of Onondaga County, New York, United States, It is the largest U.S. city with the name "Syracuse", and is the fifth most populous city in the state of New York. At the 2010 census, the city population was 145,170, (making it the 167th largest city in the country) and its metropolitan area had a population of 662,577. It is the economic and educational hub of Central New York, a region with over a million inhabitants. Syracuse is also well-provided with convention sites, with a downtown convention complex and, directly west of the city, the Empire Expo Center, which hosts the annual Great New York State Fair. The city derives its name from Siracusa, a city on the eastern coast of the Italian island of Sicily.
The city has functioned as a major crossroads over the last two centuries, first between the Erie Canal and its branch canals, then of the railway network. Today, Syracuse is located at the intersection of Interstates 81 and 90, and its airport is the largest in the region. Syracuse is home to Syracuse University, a major research university; the Upstate Medical University and Hospital, the city's largest employer; and several smaller colleges and professional schools. In 2010 Forbes rated Syracuse 4th in the top 10 places to raise a family.
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Särkänniemi
Särkänniemi is an adventure park in Tampere, Finland. The park features an aquarium, a planetarium, a children's zoo, an art museum, an observation tower (Näsinneula), an amusement park and the world's northernmost dolphinarium. Särkänniemi is the most popular amusement park in Finland. Särkänniemi has seven rollercoasters: inverted coaster Tornado, flying coaster Trombi, MotoGee, Jet Star, Half Pipe, family coaster Vauhtimato ("Speedy Worm") and Tukkijoki ("Flume Ride"). Särkänniemi is owned by the city of Tampere.
The Näsinneula tower
Tornado amusement ride in Särkänniemi
Coordinates: 61°30′19″N 023°44′38″E / 61.50528°N 23.74389°E / 61.50528; 23.74389
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Sääksmäki
Sääksmäki is a village and a former municipality, currently part of Valkeakoski in the Pirkanmaa region of Western Finland. A past president of Finland, Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, the Finnish film producer and director Veikko Aaltonen,eminent Finnish historian Eino Jutikkala, and actress Pirkko Mannola, were born there.
Sääksmäki's most famous building is the medieval stone Sääksmäki Church, built at the end of the 15th century. It is one of the oldest buildings in Finland. It features wooden sculptures that were created by an anonymous artist, known as the "Master of Sääksmäki". Sääksmäki's architecture also includes manor houses that date back hundreds of years.
Media related to Sääksmäki at Wikimedia Commons
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Södertälje
Södertälje (Swedish pronunciation: [sœdəˈʈɛlːˈjə] ( listen)) is a city and the seat of Södertälje Municipality, Stockholm County, Sweden with 64,619 inhabitants in 2010.
The industrial city, about 30 kilometers (19 mi) south of Stockholm, is the home to truck maker Scania AB and a top 10 pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca.
Södertälje is an international municipality and this fact is reflected in business, cultural life and the population.
Prior to 600 AD, the lake Mälaren was connected to the sea. Due to land elevation, the lake was slowly cut off, and boats had to be carried over land to and from the lake.
The name Telje is mentioned in the 11th century. To resolve a name conflict with another town that was founded north of Stockholm in the 17th century, Söder (meaning south) was added to create Södertälje; Norr (North) was added to the other to create Norrtälje.
In the 18th century Södertälje had a charter. Due to the Great Northern War and a series of plague epidemics, the population of the city dipped to barely above 200.
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Tammerkoski
Tammerkoski is a channel of rapids in Tampere, Finland. The city of Tampere is located between two lakes, Näsijärvi and Pyhäjärvi. The difference in altitude between these two is 18 metres and the water flows from Näsijärvi to Pyhäjärvi through the Tammerkoski rapids. The banks of the Tammerkoski are among the oldest industrial areas in Finland. There was a busy marketplace in the 17th century and Tampere was originally founded on the banks of the rapids, as the rushing water provided a great deal of power for the needs of industry.
There are currently four power stations and three dams located on the Tammerkoski. The highest in altitude is the dam between Finlayson and Tampella. From this dam, the stream is lead to the power stations of Finlayson and Tampella on either side of the rapids. In the middle, there is the city's power plant and the lowest one in terms of altitude is the dam at the Tako paperboard mill, which belongs to M-real. At present, the three uppermost power stations are owned by the city, while the powerstation by Tako is owned mostly by the municipal power company of Southern Savonia.
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Tampere
Tampere (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈtɑmpere] ( listen); Swedish: Tammerfors [tamərˈfɔrs] or [tamərˈfɔʂ]) is a city in southern Finland. It is the most populous inland city in any of the Nordic countries. The city has a population of 215,315, growing to approximately 300,000 people in the conurbation and over 340,000 in the metropolitan area. Tampere is the third most-populous municipality in Finland, after the Greater Helsinki municipalities of Helsinki and Espoo. In 2007, the entire Pirkanmaa region had around 470,000 residents, of which 230,000 were employed, and a turnover of 25 billion euros.
Tampere is located between two lakes, Näsijärvi and Pyhäjärvi. Since the two lakes differ in level by 18 metres (59 ft), the rapids linking them, Tammerkoski, have been an important power source throughout history, most recently for generating electricity. Tampere is dubbed the "Manchester of Finland" for its industrial past as the former center of Finnish industry, and this has given rise to its Finnish nickname "Manse" and terms such as "Manserock".
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Tampere City Hall
The Tampere City Hall (Tampereen Raatihuone) is a neo-renaissance building in Tampere, Finland, situated at the edge of the Tampere Central Square. The current city hall was built in 1890 and was designed by Georg Schreck. The palacial building has many halls and the city of Tampere holds many events there. During the Great Strike in 1905, the so-called "Red Manifest" was read from the balcony of the Tampere City Hall.
Coordinates: 61°29′53″N 23°45′33″E / 61.4980°N 23.7593°E / 61.4980; 23.7593
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Tampere Hall
The Tampere Hall (Finnish: Tampere-talo) is the largest concert and congress centre in the Nordic countries, located in the southern edge of Sorsapuisto, in the centre of Tampere, Finland. Opposite of the Tampere Hall is the main building of the University of Tampere, and the Tampere railway station is only half a kilometre away. The main auditorium has capacity of 1,756 seats.
Due to its central location, Tampere Hall hosts many small fairs, including the first ever Finncon in Tampere. The Tampere Opera and the Tampere Philharmonic Orchestra are also based there.
The Managing Director of the Tampere Hall is Paulina Ahokas. Previous Managing Directors have included Carl Öhman, Kaarina Suonio, and Kalervo Kummola.
As of the year 2012, the Tampere Hall has been nominated five times as the best congress venue in Finland.[citation needed]
Coordinates: 61°29′45″N 023°46′55″E / 61.49583°N 23.78194°E / 61.49583; 23.78194
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Tampereen jäähalli
Tampereen jäähalli (Tampere ice hall, often called "Hakametsä") is a sports arena in Tampere, Finland. It is primarily used for ice hockey, and is the home arena of Ilves and Tappara of the SM-liiga. It was built in 1965, and currently the capacity for hockey games is 7800 spectators (6600 seats, 1200 standing).
As there are several ice hockey venues in Tampere, this primary one is usually called "Hakametsän jäähalli" (after the district where it is located) or, more precisely, "Hakametsä 1" to distinguish it from the two smaller halls nearby.
Tampereen jäähalli is the oldest ice hockey arena in the country.
Finland was awarded the opportunity to host the 1965 ice hockey World Championships, and Helsinki was to build an arena for the tournament. However, Helsinki did not manage to finish the project in time, and Tampere was asked to build an arena and host the games instead.
The first game in the arena was an all-star game between Tampere and the rest of Finland, played on January 29, 1965. The score was tied at 4-4. The first league game was played by the local teams Ilves and Tappara on January 31, with Ilves taking a 5-3 win.
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Tanzania
Coordinates: 6°18′25″S 34°51′14″E / 6.307°S 34.854°E / -6.307; 34.854 Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( /ˌtænzəˈniːə/ Swahili: Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in East Africa bordered by Kenya and Uganda to the north, Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west, and Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique to the south. The country's eastern border lies on the Indian Ocean.
Tanzania is a state composed of 26 regions (mikoa), including those of the semi-autonomous region of Zanzibar. The head of state is President Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete, elected in 2005. Since 1996, the official capital of Tanzania has been Dodoma, where Parliament and some government offices are located. Between independence and 1996, the main coastal city of Dar es Salaam served as the country's political capital. Today, Dar es Salaam remains the principal commercial city of Tanzania and the de facto seat of most government institutions. It is the major seaport for the country and its landlocked neighbours.
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Tartu
Tartu is the second largest city of Estonia. In contrast to Estonia's political and financial capital Tallinn, Tartu is often considered the intellectual and cultural hub, especially since it is home to Estonia's oldest and most renowned university. Situated 186 km southeast of Tallinn, the city is the centre of southern Estonia. The Emajõgi river, which connects the two largest lakes of Estonia, crosses Tartu. The city is served by Tartu Airport.
Historical names of the town include Tarbatu, an Estonian fortress founded in the 5th century,Yuryev (Юрьев) named c. 1030 by Yaroslav I the Wise, and Dorpat as first known by the German crusaders in the 13th century.
As Tartu has been under control of various rulers throughout its history, there are various names for the city in different languages. Most of them derive from the earliest attested form, the Estonian Tarbatu. In German, Swedish and Polish the town has been and sometimes still is known as Dorpat (help·info), a variant of Tarbatu. In Russian, the city has been known as Юрьев (Yuryev) after Yaroslav I the Wise and Дерпт (Derpt), a variant of Dorpat (however, since 1917 the Estonian name Tartu is used). Similarly, the city has been known as Tērbata in Latvian.
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Tennispalatsi
Tennispalatsi (Swedish: Tennispalatset; lit. Tennis Palace), is a cultural and recreational center in Kamppi, Helsinki, Finland. It houses a Finnkino movie theatre, the Art Museum Tennis Palace, the Museum of Cultures, and small shops.
Tennispalatsi was built in 1938 in preparation for the 1940 Summer Olympics. The functionalist building, which had four tennis courts, was designed by Helge Lundström. In the 1952 Summer Olympics the basketball preliminary games were held in Tennispalatsi.
Finnkino has a 14-theatre multiplex in Tennispalatsi. It was opened on 26 February 1999. The auditoriums vary in size from 92 to 703 seats. The biggest one has a screen of 184.8 square metres (1,989 sq ft) (8.8 × 21 m/29 × 69 ft). The auditoriums utilize Dolby Digital, DTS and SDDS technologies. All auditoriums also fulfill the THX standards, but after Finnkino quit paying the THX licensing fees in 2004, the THX logos haven't been used in Tennispalatsi or Finnkino's marketing, thus they cannot be considered THX certified anymore.
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Toijala
Toijala is a former town and municipality of Finland, located some 40 kilometres (25 mi) south of Tampere. On 1 January 2007, it was consolidated with Viiala to form the town of Akaa.
Toijala is known as an important railway crossroads, where the Helsinki–Tampere and Turku–Tampere tracks meet.
Toijala is located in the province of Western Finland and is part of the Pirkanmaa region. The municipality had a population of 8,305 (end of April 2004) and covered an area of 58.60 km² of which 7.72 km² is water. The population density was 163.2 (December 31, 2003) inhabitants per km². The municipality was unilingually Finnish.
Media related to Toijala at Wikimedia Commons
Coordinates: 61°10′00″N 23°52′05″E / 61.1666667°N 23.86806°E / 61.1666667; 23.86806
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Traneberg
Traneberg is a residential district in western Stockholm and part of the Bromma borough. For the 1912 Summer Olympics, it hosted some of the football competitions.
Coordinates: 59°20′09″N 17°59′09″E / 59.335926°N 17.985701°E / 59.335926; 17.985701
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Trondheim
Trondheim (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈtrɔnhæjm]), historically, Nidaros and Trondhjem, is a city and municipality in Sør-Trøndelag county, Norway. With a population of 176,348, it is the third most populous municipality in Norway and city in the country, although the fourth largest urban area. It is the administrative centre of Sør-Trøndelag county. Trondheim lies on the south shore of the Trondheimsfjord at the mouth of the river Nidelva. The city is dominated by the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), SINTEF, St. Olavs University Hospital and other technology-oriented institutions.
The settlement was founded in 997 as a trading post, and was the capital of Norway during the Viking Age until 1217. From 1152 to 1537, the city was the seat of the Archdiocese of Nidaros; since it has remained the seat of the Diocese of Nidaros and the Nidaros Cathedral. It was incorporated in 1838. The current municipality dates from 1964, when Trondheim merged with Byneset, Leinstrand, Strinda and Tiller.
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Tuja-Stadion
Tuja-Stadion (formally known as ESV-Stadion) is a 11,418 capacity stadium in Ingolstadt, Germany. It is primarily used for football and was the home of ESV Ingolstadt until they merged with MTV Ingolstadt to become FC Ingolstadt 04. It also hosted four football matches during the 1972 Summer Olympics. The stadium was modified in 2008 to suit 2nd division criteria. A new stadium is being planned and should be ready for the 2010/11 season.
Coordinates: 48°44′40″N 11°26′35″E / 48.74444°N 11.44306°E / 48.74444; 11.44306
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Turku
Turku (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈturku] ( listen); Swedish: Åbo [ˈoːbu] ( listen)) is a city on the southwest coast of Finland at the mouth of the Aura River, in the region of Finland Proper. It is believed to have been first settled around the end of the 13th century, making it the oldest city in Finland. It quickly became the most important city in Finland, a status it retained for hundreds of years. After Finland became part of the Russian Empire (1809), and the capital of the Grand Duchy of Finland was moved to Helsinki (1812), Turku continued to be the most populous city in Finland, until the end of the 1840s. Today it remains a regional capital and an important business and cultural center.
Because of its long history it has been the site of many important events, and has extensively influenced Finnish history. Along with Tallinn, the capital city of Estonia, Turku was designated the European Capital of Culture for 2011. In 1996 it was declared the official Christmas City of Finland.
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Täby
Täby is a trimunicipal locality and the seat of Täby Municipality in Stockholm County, Sweden, with 61,272 inhabitants in 2010. It is also partly located in Danderyd Municipality (the Enebyberg area) and Sollentuna Municipality. However, Täby kyrkby in the northern part of Täby Municipality, forms part of the Vallentuna urban area.
Täby consists of the following districts: Arninge, Ella Gård, Ella Park, Enebyberg, Ensta, Erikslund, Gribbylund, Hägernäs, Lahäll, Löttingelund, Lövbrunna, Näsbypark, Roslags Näsby, Skarpäng, Täby Centrum, Viggbyholm, Vallatorp, and Visinge.
Täby is famous for its racecourse, which is called "Täby Galopp". The course opened in 1960 and it replaced the earlier course Ulriksdal in Solna. The Center of Täby is called "Täby centrum", and it is the largest mall in Sweden.
European route E18 and Norrortsleden pass through Täby, as does the urban railway Roslagsbanan.
The name Täby is derived from tä, which is an old word that was used for "narrow road between roundpole fences", and by which means village. It is therefore believed that the Täby area was rich in such roads in the Viking age. The name Täby is found carved into the Jarlabanke Runestones, close to Täby church.
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Töölö Sports Hall
Töölö Sports Hall (Finnish: Töölön kisahalli, Swedish: Tölö sporthall) is a sports venue located in the Töölö district of Helsinki, Finland. It was built in 1935 as Messuhalli (Exhibition Hall). It is located near the Olympic Stadium, the Opera House, and the Sonera Stadium.
The hall was originally a venue for concerts, banquets and sporting events, but is now used only for training and competition in various sports.
In preparation for the 1952 Summer Olympics the building was expanded on the northern side.
During the Olympics gymnastics, wrestling, boxing and weightlifting events as well as the basketball finals were held at the venue.
In June 1966 the hot pitch used to fix the hall's roof caught fire. The ensuing blaze almost destroyed the whole building but was eventually extinguished with the help of 175 firemen and the army, the latter of which kept the gathered crowds out of the way.
In 1975 the hall was moved to Helsinki city ownership and got its current name. It is the home arena of the basketball team Torpan Pojat.
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Ukraine
Ukraine (i/juːˈkreɪn/ yew-KRAYN; Ukrainian: Україна, transliterated: Ukrayina, [ukrɑˈjinɑ]; Russian: Украина; Crimean Tatar: Ukraina) is a country in Central and Eastern Europe. Ukraine borders the Russian Federation to the east and northeast, Belarus to the northwest, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to the west, Romania and Moldova to the southwest, and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after the Russian Federation.
According to a popular and well established theory, the medieval state of Kievan Rus was established by the Varangians in the 9th century as the first historically recorded East Slavic state which emerged as a powerful nation in the Middle Ages until it disintegrated in the 12th century. By the middle of the 14th century, Ukrainian territories were under the rule of three external powers—the Golden Horde, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Kingdom of Poland. After the Great Northern War (1700–1721) Ukraine was divided between a number of regional powers and, by the 19th century, the largest part of Ukraine was integrated into the Russian Empire with the rest under Austro-Hungarian control. A chaotic period of incessant warfare ensued, with several internationally recognized attempts at independence from 1917 to 1921, following World War I and the Russian Civil War. Ukraine emerged from its own civil war, and on December 30, 1922 Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic became one of the founding republics of the Soviet Union. The Ukrainian SSR's territory was enlarged westward during the civil war shortly before, and after World War II, and further south in 1954 with the Crimea transfer. In 1945, the Ukrainian SSR became one of the founding members of the United Nations.
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Umeå
Umeå (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈʉːmɛo] ( listen); Finnish: Uumaja, Northern Sami: Ubmi) is a university town in northern Sweden. It is the seat of Umeå Municipality and the capital of Västerbotten County. The city is located at the Ume River.
Umeå is the biggest city in Norrland and the twelfth biggest in Sweden, with 79,594 inhabitants in 2010. The municipality has 115,229 inhabitants as of 2010. When the university was established in 1965, growth sped up, and the number of housing has doubled in the last 30 years. As of 2011[update], 700 to 800 new apartments are constructed each year.
Umeå is a center of education, technical and medical research in Sweden, with two universities and over 30,000 students. The city is elected European Capital of Culture of 2014.
The first written mention of Umeå is from the 14th century. The northern parts of Sweden, including the counties of Västerbotten and Norrbotten, were settled by Sami people before this time, though not necessarily in the city's exact location. Umeå in its first form was a parish with a wooden church and trade post located in the section of town now known as Backen (or Kyrkbacken). Its location near the coast and on a river was probably one of the reasons that people chose to settle there.
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United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
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Uppsala
Uppsala (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈɵpːˈsɑːla]; older spelling Upsala) is the capital of Uppsala County and the fourth largest city of Sweden. It had 140,454 inhabitants in 2010.
Located 67 km north of the capital, Stockholm, it is also the seat of the Uppsala Municipality. Since 1164, Uppsala has been the ecclesiastical centre of Sweden, being the seat of the Archbishop of the Church of Sweden. Founded in 1477, Uppsala University is the oldest centre of higher education in Scandinavia.
Uppsala was originally located a few kilometres to the north, at a location now known as Gamla Uppsala (Old Uppsala). Today's Uppsala was then called Östra Aros. (Old) Uppsala was, according to medieval writer Adam of Bremen, the main pagan centre of Sweden, and the Temple at Uppsala contained magnificent idols of the Æsir gods.
As a replacement for the Scandinavian gods, Uppsala was made into a strong Christian centre. A bishop was soon consecrated, and in 1164 Uppsala was made into an archdiocese, with Stefan, a monk from Alvastra Abbey, being consecrated the first Archbishop of Uppsala and primate of Sweden.
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Urjala
Urjala is a municipality of Finland.
It is located in the province of Western Finland and is part of the Pirkanmaa region, near Forssa. The municipality has a population of 5,242 (31 January 2012) and covers an area of 505.38 square kilometres (195.13 sq mi) of which 30.16 km2 (11.64 sq mi) is water. The population density is 11.03 inhabitants per square kilometre (28.6 /sq mi).
The municipality is unilingually Finnish.
Urjala Church
Halkivaha Church
Halkivaha Church
Lake Kortejärvi in Urjala
Media related to Urjala at Wikimedia Commons
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USA
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
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Vaasa
Vaasa (Swedish: Vasa) is a city on the west coast of Finland. It received its charter in 1606, during the reign of Charles IX of Sweden and is named after the Royal House of Vasa. Today, Vaasa has a population of 60,435 (31 January 2012) (approximately 90,000 in the Vaasa sub-region), and is the regional capital of Ostrobothnia (Swedish: Österbotten, Finnish: Pohjanmaa).
The city is bilingual with 69.8% of the population speaking Finnish as their first language and 24.8% speaking Swedish. The city is an important centre for Finland-Swedish culture.[citation needed]
Over the years, Vaasa has changed its name several times, due to alternative spellings, political decisions and language condition changes. At first it was called Mustasaari or Mussor after the village where it was founded in 1606, but just a few years later the name was changed to Wasa to honor the royal Swedish lineage. Mustasaari (Finnish) or Korsholm (Swedish) remains as the name of the surrounding mostly rural municipality, which since 1973 surrounds the city. The city was known as Wasa between 1606 and 1855, Nikolaistad (Swedish) and Nikolainkaupunki (Finnish) between 1855 and 1917, Vasa (Swedish) and Vaasa (Finnish) beginning from 1917, with the Finnish spelling of the name being the primary one from ca 1930 when Finnish speakers became the majority in the city.
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Vammala
Vammala is a former town and municipality of southwestern Finland, chartered in 1907.
On 1 January 2009 Vammala was consolidated with the municipalities of Mouhijärvi and Äetsä, to form a new city named Sastamala.
Vammala was located in the southwest Pirkanmaa region, and was part of the former (1997 to 2010) province of Western Finland.
The municipality had a population of 16,635 (31 December 2008) and covered a land area of 803.87 square kilometres (310.38 sq mi). The population density was 20.29 inhabitants per square kilometre (52.6 /sq mi).
The municipality was unilingually Finnish.
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Vesilahti
Vesilahti (Swedish: Vesilax) is a municipality of Finland.
It is located in the province of Western Finland and is part of the Pirkanmaa region. The municipality has a population of 4,414 (31 January 2012) and covers an area of 353.94 square kilometres (136.66 sq mi) of which 52.99 km2 (20.46 sq mi) is water. The population density is 14.67 inhabitants per square kilometre (38.0 /sq mi).
The municipality is unilingually Finnish.
Media related to Vesilahti at Wikimedia Commons
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Viiala
Viiala is a former municipality of Finland. On 1 January 2007, it was consolidated with Toijala to form the town of Akaa.
Viiala is located in the province of Western Finland and is part of the Pirkanmaa region. The municipality had a population of 5,329 (2003) and covered an area of 56.78 km2 of which 5.88 km² is water. The population density was 104.7 inhabitants per km².
The municipality was unilingually Finnish.
Media related to Viiala at Wikimedia Commons
Coordinates: 61°12′40″N 23°46′00″E / 61.21111°N 23.7666667°E / 61.21111; 23.7666667
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Viljakkala
Viljakkala is a former municipality of Finland.
It was located in the province of Western Finland and was part of the Pirkanmaa region. The municipality had a population of 2,043 (2003) and covered an area of 224.70 km² of which 24.61 km² was water. The population density was 10.2 inhabitants per km². Viljakkala was consolidated with Ylöjärvi on January 1, 2007.
The municipality was unilingually Finnish.
Coordinates: 61°42′20″N 023°16′00″E / 61.70556°N 23.2666667°E / 61.70556; 23.2666667
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Vilppula
Vilppula is a former municipality of Finland. Neighbouring Mänttä was merged into it on 1 January 2009 to form the municipality of Mänttä-Vilppula.
It was located in the province of Western Finland and was part of the Pirkanmaa region. The municipality had a population of 5,457 in 2005 and covered an area of 571.26 km² of which 99.90 km² was water. The population density was 10.5 inhabitants per km². The work force was mainly of industry and service, these accounting for 50 and 39 percent of total workforce. Population was estimated to be in a slight decline.
Kolho village in Vilppula is located north to centrum. Another village, Pohjaslahti, is located northwest from the Vilppula centre. These continue to exist as villages of the new Mänttä-Vilppula municipality.
The municipality was unilingually Finnish.
Media related to Vilppula at Wikimedia Commons
Coordinates: 62°01′20″N 24°30′35″E / 62.02222°N 24.50972°E / 62.02222; 24.50972
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Virrat
Virrat (Swedish: Virdois) is a town and municipality of Finland.
It is part of the Pirkanmaa region. The town has a population of 7,453 (31 January 2012) and covers an area of 1,299.07 square kilometres (501.57 sq mi) of which 136.73 km2 (52.79 sq mi) is water. The population density is 6.41 inhabitants per square kilometre (16.6 /sq mi).
The municipality is unilingually Finnish. Virrat crater on Mars is named after it.
Major lakes in the area are Toisvesi, by which the town of Virrat is located, and Tarjanne at the border of the municipalities of Virrat, Mänttä-Vilppula and Ruovesi.
Media related to Virrat at Wikimedia Commons
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Västerås
Västerås [vɛstərˈoːs] (English exonym: West Aros) is a city in central Sweden, located on the shore of Lake Mälaren in the province Västmanland, some 100 km west of Stockholm. The city has a population of 110,877 inhabitants in 2010, out of the municipal total of 137,207 (2010).
Västerås is the seat of Västerås Municipality, the capital of Västmanland County and an episcopal see.
Västerås is one of the oldest cities in Sweden and Northern Europe. The name originates from Västra Aros, which refers to the river mouth of Svartån. The area has been populated since the Nordic Viking Age, before 1000 AD. In the beginning of the 11th century it was the second largest city in Sweden, and by the 12th century had become the seat of the bishop.
Anundshög is located just outside the City of Västerås. Anundshög is Sweden's largest burial mound. "Hög" is derived from the Old Norse word haugr meaning mound or barrow. It was built about 500 AD and is over 74 yards wide and is almost 10 yards high.
In the ensuing centuries a cathedral and a monastery were built. The first City Arms date from the end of the 13th century.
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Workers Stadium
The Workers Stadium (simplified Chinese: 工人体育场; traditional Chinese: 工人體育場; pinyin: Gōngrén Tǐyùcháng), often called Gongti or Gong Ti, is a multi-purpose stadium in the Chaoyang District of north-eastern Beijing, China. It is mostly used for football (soccer) matches. The stadium was built in 1959 and was last renovated in 2004 (the concrete structure was strengthened, a new rotating display screen and energy-saving devices were installed). It has a capacity of 66,161 and covers a land area of 350,000 square meters. It is one of the Ten Great Buildings constructed in 1959 for the 10th anniversary of the People's Republic of China.
The stadium was the main venue for the 1990 Asian Games, where the opening and closing ceremonies were held. Some high attendance matches of the Beijing Guo'an football club are held at the stadium. In 1993 the stadium was host to a slew of World Records set by the world-leading group of Chinese distance runners at the 7th Edition of the Chinese National Games, the most famous being international stars and world champions Wang Junxia and Qu Yunxia, who had dominated the 1993 World Championships a month before.
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Äetsä
Äetsä is a former municipality of southwestern Finland. The municipality was founded on 1981 when municipalities of Keikyä and Kiikka were consolidated to a single municipality.
On 1 January 2009, it was consolidated with the municipalities of Vammala and Mouhijärvi to form a new city of Sastamala.
Äetsä was located in the western Pirkanmaa region, and was part of the former (1997 to 2010) province of Western Finland.
The municipality had a population of 4,797 (November 30, 2008) and covered an area of 241.95 square kilometres (93.42 sq mi), of which 8.38 km2 (3.24 sq mi) was water. The population density was 20.54 inhabitants per square kilometre (53.2 /sq mi).
The municipality was unilingually Finnish.
Coordinates: 61°17′05″N 022°41′50″E / 61.28472°N 22.69722°E / 61.28472; 22.69722
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Örebro
Örebro [œrəˈbruː] is a city, the seat of Örebro Municipality and the capital of Örebro County in Sweden with 107,038 inhabitants in 2010.
Örebro received its Royal Charter and city privileges not later than 1404.
Örebro literally means a bridge over gravel banks, which is how the geography looks, with the stream Svartån draining into the lake Hjälmaren. The location became a natural seat of commerce in the (Scandinavian) medieval time, and is mentioned in print in the 13th century. Old buildings from the early days include the foundations of the city church, a building which has undergone several modifications. The natural center of the city is otherwise the magnificent Örebro Castle, situated on an islet in the Svartån, and dividing the town into a northern and a southern part. This castle was constructed during the stewardship of Birger Jarl during the early 13th century and then modified and enlarged during the reign of King Gustav Vasa in the 1560s.
Notable events in Örebro's history include the national diet meeting at Örebro in 1810, where Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte was elected crown prince of Sweden.
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Łódź
Łódź ([wut͡ɕ] ( listen); Yiddish: לאדז', Lodzh) is the third-largest city in Poland. Located in the central part of the country, it had a population of 742,387 in December 2009. It is the capital of Łódź Voivodeship, and is approximately 135 kilometres (84 mi) south-west of Warsaw. The city's coat of arms is an example of canting: depicting a boat, it alludes to the city's name which translates literally as "boat".
Łódź first appears in the written record in a 1332 document giving the village of Łodzia to the bishops of Włocławek. In 1423 King Władysław Jagiełło granted city rights to the village of Łódź. From then until the 18th century the town remained a small settlement on a trade route between Masovia and Silesia. In the 16th century the town had fewer than 800 inhabitants, mostly working on the nearby grain farms.
With the second partition of Poland in 1793, Łódź became part of the Kingdom of Prussia's province of South Prussia, and was known in German as Lodsch. In 1798 the Prussians nationalised the town, and it lost its status as a town of the bishops of Kuyavia. In 1806 Łódź joined the Napoleonic Duchy of Warsaw and in 1810 it had 190 inhabitants. In the 1815 Congress of Vienna treaty it became part of Congress Poland, a client state of the Russian Empire.
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Antero Manninen
Antero Manninen (also known as 'Mr. Cool') is a session musician and former band member of Finnish Cello metal quartet Apocalyptica. He was an official member but did not write the music and left in 1999 due to prior commitments, although he has come back to help the band because they are currently short one member. His seated, calm composure playing style is at stark contrast with the headbanging antics of the others when playing live. Besides his job in Apocalyptica he used to work as a musician in a Tapiola Sinfonietta Avanti! and Finnish Radio Symphony Orchestra and once (1 time) in the orchestra of the Finnish National Opera. He is also one of the founders of Sibelius-Academy’s Cellosextet (SSS). Antero has been performing also at funerals. Currently he is a member of the Lahti Symphony Orchestra.
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Austria
Austria (i/ˈɒstriə/ or /ˈɔːstriə/; German: Österreich [ˈøːstɐˌʁaɪç] ( listen)), officially the Republic of Austria (German: Republik Österreich (help·info)), is a landlocked country of roughly 8.47 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Hungary and Slovakia to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers 83,855 square kilometres (32,377 sq mi) and has a temperate and alpine climate. Austria's terrain is highly mountainous due to the presence of the Alps; only 32% of the country is below 500 metres (1,640 ft), and its highest point is 3,798 metres (12,461 ft). The majority of the population speak local Austro-Bavarian dialects of German as their native language, and German in its standard form is the country's official language. Other local official languages are Burgenland Croatian, Hungarian and Slovene.
The origins of modern-day Austria date back to the time of the Habsburg dynasty when the vast majority of the country was a part of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. During the 17th and 18th centuries, Austria became one of the great powers of Europe and, in response to the coronation of Napoleon I as the Emperor of the French, the Austrian Empire was officially proclaimed in 1804. In 1867, the Austrian Empire was reformed into Austria-Hungary.
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Charles Sandison
Charles Sandison (born 24 April 1969) is a Scottish visual artist who lives and works in Tampere, Finland.
Sandison was born in Haltwhistle and grew up in Wick, Caithness. He studied art (at the Glasgow School of Art) from 1987–1993 and briefly taught there after graduating. In 1995 Sandison moved to Finland and now resides permanently in Tampere.
During the early 1990s Sandison exhibited alongside Young British Artists in such shows as; Wonderful Life, Lisson Gallery, London (1993) and Institute of Cultural Anxiety: Works from the Collection Institute of Contemporary Arts, London (1994). During a 5 year hiatus in which Sandison moved away from the United Kingdom and occupied the position of Head of Fine Art at Tampere School of Art and Media. He came to wider recognition in 2001 after exhibiting in the Venice Biennale. In 2004 Sandison became a visiting professor at Le Fresnoy, Lille. In 2010 Sandison was awarded the Ars Fennica prize by President of Finland Tarja Halonen.
Much of Sandison's work involves computer generated video projections that create immersive data installations, placing the viewer at the centre of a changing universe of words, signs, and characters. The importance of location in his work has led to projections in the Paris Catacombs, and the Forum Romano.
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China
China (i/ˈtʃaɪnə/; Chinese: 中国; pinyin: Zhōngguó; see also Names of China), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is the world's most-populous country, with a population of over 1.3 billion. Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometres, the East Asian state is the world's second-largest country by land area, and the third- or fourth-largest in total area, depending on the definition of total area.
The People's Republic of China is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of China. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four directly controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau). Its capital city is Beijing. The PRC also claims Taiwan—which is controlled by the Republic of China (ROC), a separate political entity—as its 23rd province, a claim controversial due to the complex political status of Taiwan and the unresolved Chinese Civil War. The PRC government denies the legitimacy of the ROC.
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Elias Viljanen
Elias 'E.Vil' Viljanen (born July 8, 1975) is a Finnish musician, known for being the guitarist for Sonata Arctica since 2007. Viljanen joined Sonata Arctica in spring 2007 in order to replace Jani Liimatainen, who left the band in August 2007 to fulfill his civil duties in Finland. The decision was only made official on August 8, 2007, but Elias Viljanen had been known to replace Liimatainen in concerts during the spring and summer tour. Viljanen cites KISS, Metallica, Slayer, and Whitesnake as his musical influences.
Viljanen was born in 1975, and started playing the guitar at eight, in 1983. Initially, he says that he began playing "because his dad forced him... and, of course, I wanted to be like KISS." He got his first acoustic guitar a year later, but did not get an electric guitar until nearly four years later. After finally convincing his parents to let him purchase his first electric guitar (a white Leadstar), he took a few guitar lessons and learned some basic chords, but believed that if he wanted to learn rock'n'roll, it'd be something he's have to teach himself. So, around age thirteen, Viljanen began playing in local bands immediately after, heavily influenced by Metallica's early thrash metal. At age seventeen, he was given his first record contract.
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Guangzhou
Guangzhou (Chinese: 广州; Mandarin pronunciation: [kwɑ̀ŋʈʂóʊ̯]), known historically as Canton or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of the Guangdong province in the People's Republic of China. Located in southern China on the Pearl River, about 120 km (75 mi) north-northwest of Hong Kong, Guangzhou is a key national transportation hub and trading port. One of the five National Central Cities, it holds sub-provincial administrative status.
Guangzhou is the third largest city in China and southern China's largest city. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 12.78 million. Some estimates place the population of the entire Pearl River Delta Mega City built up area as high as 40 million including Shenzhen (10.36 million), Dongguan (8.22 million) and most parts of Foshan (7.19 million), Jiangmen (4.45 million), Zhongshan (3.12 million) and a small part of Huizhou adjoining Dongguan and Shenzhen, with an area of about 20,000 square kilometres (7,700 sq mi) (about the size of US state of New Jersey). In 2008 Guangzhou was identified as a Beta World City by the global city index produced by GaWC.
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Gustav III of Sweden
Gustav III (Stockholm, 24 January [O.S. 13 January] 1746 – Stockholm, 29 March 1792 ) was King of Sweden from 1771 until his death. He was the eldest son of King Adolph Frederick and Louisa Ulrika of Prussia who was a sister of Frederick the Great of Prussia.
A vocal opponent of, as he saw it, abuses by the nobility of a permissiveness established by parliamentarian reforms that had been worked out since the death of Charles XII, he seized power from the government in a coup d'état in 1772, ending the Age of Liberty and venturing into a campaign to restore royal autocracy which was completed by the Union and Security Act in 1789, sweeping away most of the last pretences of Riksdag rule. As a bulwark of enlightened despotism, his expenditure of considerable public funds on cultural ventures contributed to his controversial majesty. Attempts to seize first Norway through Russian aid, then to recapture the Baltic provinces through a war against Russia were unsuccessful, although much of Sweden's former military might was restored. An admirer of Voltaire, Gustav legalized Catholic and Jewish presence in the realm and enacted wide-ranging reforms aimed at economic liberalism, social reform and the abolishment, in many cases, of torture and capital punishment (although freedom of the press was curtailed).
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Hannu Salama
Hannu Salama (born October 4, 1936) is a Finnish author.
Hannu Salama was born in Kouvola, Kymenlaakso region in Southern Finland. He spent his childhood in the Pispala district of the city of Tampere, in a traditional working-class area with working class politics and culture. Following in the footsteps of his father, Salama first worked as an electrician and a farm hand. Salama's literary debut was called Se tavallinen tarina (The Usual Story) (1961). In 1966 he was convicted for blasphemy for his book Juhannustanssit (Midsummer Dances) from 1964. He was released on probation, but finally pardoned by the Finnish president Urho Kekkonen in 1968. The new editions of the book were published as censored versions up until 1990. Salama has written short stories as well as novels and won many literary awards in Scandinavia.
Despite his working-class background Salama has never admitted to be a working-class novelist. He has maintained his critical autonomy both to the left and to the right. But it has to be said that according to the two main characteristics of the working-class literature and author - a person comes from the working-class and deals with workers' world, its ordinary issues as well as controversies with the elite - he belongs to the long tradition of working-class authors.
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Hans Wind
Hans Henrik "Hasse" Wind (30 July 1919, Ekenäs - 24 July 1995, Tampere) was a Finnish fighter pilot and flying ace in World War II with 75 confirmed air combat victories.
Wind started his pilot career in 1938 by volunteering to join a pilot training course. He was a reserve officer in the Winter War 1939-1940 but didn't fly due to a lack of available planes. He finished his officer examination in the summer of 1941, and after that he participated in the Continuation War in fighter squadron 24.
He flew a Brewster B239 (the export version of the Brewster Buffalo) from 1941–1943 and then a German Messerschmitt Bf 109 from 1943-1944. Hans Wind is considered one of the most skillful aerial tacticians in the Finnish Air Force, also being responsible for writing the combat manual for the Brewster after analyzing the Battle of Midway in 1942.
Wind was awarded his first Mannerheim Cross on 31 July 1943 and his second on 28 June 1944. He was promoted to captain on 19 October 1943 when he was only 24 years old.
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Johanna Sinisalo
Aila Johanna Sinisalo (born 22 June 1958, Sodankylä) is a Finnish science fiction and fantasy writer. She studied comparative literature and drama, amongst other subjects, at the University of Tampere. Professionally she worked in the advertising business, rising to the level of marketing designer.
An important figure in the Finnish science fiction scene in the late 1980s and early '90s (winning a rare back-to-back collection of Atorox Awards for short fiction in the genre), she was also the first Finnish science fiction writer to make a mainstream breakthrough by breaking genre barriers.
Sinisalo was awarded the Finlandia Prize for literature in 2000 for her first novel, Ennen päivänlaskua ei voi (translated as Not before sundown in 2003 and again as Troll — A Love Story in 2004 for the American market). The novel has been translated into several languages. An English translation of "Linnunaivot" was published in 2010 by Peter Owen Publishers under the title "Birdbrain" (translated by David Hackston). Not Before Sundown was awarded The James Tiptree Jr. award in 2004. Movie rights were acquired by Carter Smith in 2006. She was nominated for a Nebula Award in 2009 for Baby Doll.
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Joseph Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (Russian: Иосиф Виссарионович Сталин; born Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili, Russian: Иосиф Виссарионович Джугашвили; 18 December 1878 – 5 March 1953) was the Premier of the Soviet Union from 6 May 1941 to 5 March 1953. He was among the Bolshevik revolutionaries who brought about the October Revolution in Russia in 1917 and later held the position of General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee from 1922 until his death in 1953. While the office of the General Secretary was officially elective and not initially regarded as the top position in the Soviet state, Stalin managed to use it to consolidate more and more power in his hands after the death of Vladimir Lenin in 1924 and gradually put down all opposition groups within the Communist Party. This included Leon Trotsky, a socialist theorist and the principal critic of Stalin among the early Soviet leaders, who was exiled from the Soviet Union in 1929. Whereas Trotsky was an exponent of permanent revolution, it was Stalin's concept of socialism in one country that became the primary focus of Soviet politics.
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Juice Leskinen
Juhani Juice Leskinen (former Pauli Matti Juhani "Juice" Leskinen), better known as Juice Leskinen (pronounced [ˈjuisɛ] ( listen), not like the English word juice; born 19 February 1950 in Juankoski – died 24 November 2006 in Tampere), was one of the most prominent Finnish singer-songwriters of the late 20th century. From the early 1970s onward he released nearly 30 full-length albums, as well as writing song lyrics for dozens of Finnish artists. Several of Leskinen's songs have reached classic status in Finnish popular music, e.g., "Viidestoista yö", "Kaksoiselämää" and "Syksyn sävel". His early records are considered staples of the so-called Manserock movement of the mid-'70s. In addition to Leskinen's musical work, he extended his focus to poetry and playwriting with nine collections of verse and seven plays published.
After moving to Tampere to study in 1970, Leskinen began his recording career in 1973 with the eponymous debut album of Juice Leskinen & Coitus Int. One more record, Per Vers, runoilija, was made under the same band name, but from then on he released records with several line-ups, most notably Juice Leskinen Slam and Juice Leskinen Grand Slam from the late '70s until mid '80s. Although concentrating more on poetry from the early '90s, Leskinen still released new music every few years despite his failing health caused by years of unhealthy life habits. After the longest hiatus of his recording career, L marked Leskinen's 50th birthday in 2000. His last record, Senaattori ja boheemi (released in 2004), is a collaboration with Mikko Alatalo, a return to their partnership of the early 1970s.
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Jyrki Lumme
Jyrki Olavi Lumme (born July 16, 1966) is a retired Finnish professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) and SM-liiga. After beginning his career in Finland, playing with Ilves Tampere for three seasons, he moved to North America to join the Montreal Canadiens in 1988. The Canadiens had selected Lumme two years prior in the 1986 NHL Entry Draft 57th overall. In his second NHL season, he was traded to the Vancouver Canucks, with whom he spent the majority of his career and enjoyed the most success. Over nine seasons with the Canucks, Lumme was named the club's annual top defenceman on four occasions, became the team's all-time top goal- and point-scoring defenceman, and was a part of the squad's run to the 1994 Stanley Cup Finals. Towards the end of his NHL career, he additionally played for the Phoenix Coyotes, Dallas Stars and Toronto Maple Leafs over the span of five seasons. In 2005, Lumme returned to Ilves Tampere of the SM-liiga after a two-year playing hiatus. He played two final campaigns in Finland before retiring, at which point he became a part-owner of Ilves Tampere.
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Kalle Päätalo
Kaarlo (Kalle) Alvar Päätalo (November 11, 1919 - November 20, 2000) was a Finnish novelist, the most popular Finnish writer in the 20th century. His Iijoki series, comprising 26 novels, is one of the longest autobiographical works ever written.
Päätalo was born in Taivalkoski, Province of Oulu, into poor circumstances. His father, a lumberjack, suffered from periodical mental disorders, and Kalle had to maintain his family from the age of 14 in his father's profession. At the same time, he dreamed about becoming a writer and read avidly, being much influenced by Jack London's Martin Eden and Mika Waltari's guidebook for aspiring writers. His war service in Winter War and Continuation War was cut short by being wounded. After the wars, he moved to Tampere where he studied at technical school, becoming a building contractor, and wrote short stories that were published in various magazines. He was married twice and had two daughters by the second marriage.
Päätalo debuted as a novelist in 1958 with a novel set at a building site in Tampere. In his second novel Our Daily Bread, the first book in the five-volume Koillismaa series, he turned to his native region. By this time, Päätalo was able to turn a freelance writer, and from 1962 until his death he published one book each year. In 1971 he published what was to be the first volume in the 26-volume series Juuret Iijoen törmässä ('Roots in the Bank of River Ii'), probably the longest autobiographical narrative in the world (some 17 000 pages in total). The series charts Päätalo's life from his early childhood to the publication of his first novel, at the same time offering an interesting view of Finnish history over some four decades as seen from an individual's viewpoint.
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Kari Peitsamo
Kari Juhani Valdemar Peitsamo (born 26 August 1957 in Nokia, Finland) is a Finnish musician whose style has changed over the years from acoustic avant-garde pop to electric rock. His best-known song is probably "Kauppaopiston naiset" (Business College Women) from 1977.
Kari Peitsamo started his career with the EP Kari Peitsamo ja Ankkuli, which was created with the assistance of Juuso Nordlund and Kaj Martin, the backing group of Juice Leskinen, on the studio time left over from Leskinen. Kari Peitsamo's debut album Jatsin syvin olemus (1977) was still performed as a trio but the following albums would be solos where Peitsamo performed his songs accompanied only by an acoustic guitar. Later on Peitsamo's acoustic guitar was switched to an electric one, and he was joined by the band Ankkuli, with its other members Harri Siirtola (bass) and Yrjö Majamaa (drums).
After this Peitsamo, who had recorded for Love Records, moved to Poko Records, and changed his band to Kari Peitsamo Revival, which was influenced by Creedence Clearwater Revival and Status Quo (Peitsamo also translated songs by both bands into Finnish). After the Revival period Peitsamo played rock with his new band Kari Peitsamon Skootteri between 1985-1994. Another ensemble of his, Kari Peitsamo & Hirttämättömät, also released one album in 1998, called Bubblegum Warriors In Faded Jeans.
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Kiira Korpi
Kiira Linda Katriina Korpi (born 26 September 1988) is a Finnish figure skater. She is a three-time European medalist (bronze in 2007 and 2011, silver in 2012), the 2010 Trophée Eric Bompard champion and a three-time Finnish National Champion (2009, 2011–2012).
Korpi was born in Tampere, Finland. Her father, Rauno Korpi, coached the Finnish women's hockey team to a bronze medal at the 1998 Winter Olympics. In Finland her nickname is Jääprinsessa (Ice Princess) due to her resemblance to Grace Kelly, the former Princess of Monaco. She is "widely regarded as the most beautiful woman in figure skating."
In addition to her native Finnish, Korpi also speaks Swedish, English, and German. She does pilates or Ashtanga yoga when she has time.
Korpi began skating at the age of five, following her older sister. She landed her first triple jump, a salchow, when she was 11 or 12.
Korpi enjoyed some success as a junior skater, twice winning the junior national title and medalling at three junior Grand Prix events, including a gold in 2004. She won the silver medal at the 2005 Finnish Nationals, qualifying her for the 2005 European Championships, where she placed 13th; she then competed at the 2005 World Junior Championships, where she came in tenth, her best finish at the event.
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Lauri Viita
Lauri Viita (17 December 1916 – 22 December 1965) was a poet hailing from the Pispala district of Tampere, Finland.
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Leo Kinnunen
Leo Juhani "Leksa" Kinnunen (born August 5, 1943 in Tampere) is a Finnish former car racer, the first Formula One driver from his country. He is also remembered for his success in sportscar racing and rallying.
Kinnunen won the Nordic Challenge Cup in 1969, the Interserie from 1971–1973, and helped Porsche to take the World Sportscar Championship for manufacturers in 1970 (drivers championships were not awarded until 1981). In 1974, he switched to Formula One, but in addition to the problems with the underpowered Surtees TS16, his team soon ran into financial problems. He was the last driver to compete in Formula One using an open-face helmet.
Kinnunen started his racing career on motorcycles, but switched to four wheels after receiving his driver's license in the early 1960s. He quickly gained success in rallying, autocross and ice racing. He finished runner-up in the Finnish Rally Championship and matched the points total of the winner Simo Lampinen. Kinnunen also participated in the Finnish F3 Championship with an outdated Brabham in 1967, and a Titan which he drove to several victories in 1968, including one at Ahvenisto Race Circuit in which he managed to beat Swedish future Formula One star Ronnie Peterson.
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Mika Koivuniemi
Mika Juhani Koivuniemi (born April 6, 1967 in Tampere) is a Finnish ten-pin bowler, currently on the Professional Bowlers Association (PBA) tour in the United States, who has won bowling titles in 12 different countries in his career.
Growing up, Koivuniemi was an exceptional athlete, starring in three sports in high school: basketball, hockey, and soccer. Koivuniemi eventually became interested in bowling and made Team Finland in 1988 at age 21. He was an exceptional bowler for Team Finland, winning the 1991 FIQ World Championship, the 1995 European Individual Cup Championship, and the 1996 World Team Cup Championship.
Koivuniemi joined the PBA in 1999. He had some initial success, but his first big season did not come until the 2001-02 season when he entered 27 events, cashed in 20, made match play 15 times, made the TV finals three times, and won one title. So far, Koivuniemi's biggest season was the 2003-04 season, when he was awarded PBA Player of the Year honors (joining Venezuela's Amleto Monacelli as the only international players so honored) and also won the PBA's George Young High Average Award. During that season he entered 20 events, cashed in 16, made match play 13 times, made TV seven times, and won two titles. It was during this season that Koivuniemi bowled the 16th-ever televised 300 game in PBA Tour history, in a match against Jason Couch. He has 26 career 300 games in PBA events.
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Mikko Alatalo
Mikko Tapio Alatalo (born May 1, 1951 in Kuivaniemi, now a part of Ii, Finland) is a Finnish musician and politician.
Alatalo is mostly known for his long and famous musical career. His style is primarily seen as children's music and folk music but he has contributed to other genres as well, including a long partnership with rock musician Juice Leskinen. Alatalo is a member of the Centre Party and a strong proponent of artists' intellectual property rights to their own music.
(Finnish) Official Website
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Pekka Paavola
Pekka Paavola (born August 3rd, 1933, Tampere) is a Finnish politician, Minister of Justice in the 1972 cabinet, and a convicted criminal in multiple cases.
Paavola was a city manager in Tampere 1969–1985. He was the Minister of Justice in the 1972 Rafael Paasio's cabinet with Social Democratic support. He was convicted of corruption in so called Noppa Case in the 1980s, when he was found guilty of misusing office for personal gain. Paavola was manager in the newspaper company Lehtimiehet Oy and later in the magazine company Yhtyneet Kuvalehdet. He retired in 1996. He returned to politics in 1992 when he was elected to Tampere city council on the Pro Tampere ticket. He later formed the Tampere Independents group.
In 2002, he was convicted of aggravated tax fraud. He received a 10 month suspended prison sentence.
The city council dismissed Paavola in 2002, but he was elected again in 2004. In December 2006 he was elected as a chairman of the council with a support from the Conservatives, Christian Democrats, The Centre and the Greens. He still has a good reputation among many ordinary people in Tampere. He was on Tampere city council until 2008.
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Richard Humann
Richard Humann (born 1961) is a contemporary conceptual American artist who was born and raised in Stony Point, New York. He is a graduate of the art school at Harriman College in New York. He lives and works in Williamsburg, Brooklyn and Woodstock, New York. He is married to the contemporary vocalist Susan Darmiento. Richard Humann's work has received national and international attention and was chosen for inclusion in the 2003 Venice Biennale, Venice, Italy.
Other major exhibits include DIA Art Foundation, New York, NY (1988,Three Doors); Tampere Art Museum, Tampere, Finland ( 2004, Delicate Monster); Kemi Art Museum, Kemi, Finland (2003, Where Troubles Melt Like Lemon Drops); Museum of Contemporary Art, Sonoma, CA (2002, New York Art); Museo Cristóbal Gabarrón, Murcia, Spain (2007, Revolutions) His work has appeared and been reviewed in the following publications: The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Village Voice, Dwell, New York Arts, ArtReview, The New Yorker, Sculpture, American Craft, Flash Art, Artforum and Art in America. His current bassword miniatures are featured in American Craft magazine (2007). His work has also been shown at galleries in the United States and abroad including Lance Fung Gallery, New York, NY; Gallery St. Gertrud Malmo, Sweden; Kunst+Technik, Berlin, Germany; Leo Kamen Gallery, Toronto, Canada; Project Row Houses, Houston, TX; Gasworks Gallery, London, England; Cornerhouse, Manchester, England; L Gallery, Moscow, Russia; Planet Art Gallery, Cape Town, South Africa; Samzie Space, Seoul, Korea; Elga Wimmer Gallery, New York, NY; Voorkamer Gallery, Lier, Belgium; and Corridor Gallery, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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Teppo Numminen
Teppo Kalevi Numminen (born July 3, 1968) is a retired Finnish professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the National Hockey League. He is currently an assistant coach for the Buffalo Sabres.
Numminen started his career with his local team, Tappara, in the SM-liiga. Drafted twenty-ninth overall in the 1986 NHL Entry Draft by the Winnipeg Jets, Numminen moved to North America in 1988 to play for the Jets. He moved with the team as it became the Phoenix Coyotes before the 1996–97 season. He played in the NHL All-Star Game in both 1999 and 2000. After fifteen seasons playing for the Winnipeg/Phoenix organization, Numminen was traded to the Dallas Stars in July, 2003, for Mike Sillinger. Numminen took a break from hockey during the 2004–05 NHL lockout, then signed as a free agent with the Buffalo Sabres.
On November 13, 2006, Numminen played his 1252nd game in the NHL and in the process, set a record for most NHL games played as a European-trained player, surpassing Jari Kurri . At the time of his retirement, Numminen was the last player from the 1986 NHL Entry Draft still playing in the NHL.
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Timo Jutila
Timo Juhani Jutila (born 24 December 1963 in Tampere, Finland) is a retired Finnish ice hockey defenceman.
Jutila was drafted by Buffalo Sabres (4th round, 68th overall) in 1982 NHL Entry Draft.
Jutila's ice hockey career began at the "Pohjola Leiri" 1978 training camp held by the Finnish Ice Hockey Federation where he was selected as the best player of the camp. He played for Tappara in the 1979–80 season of the Finnish SM-liiga. He continued to play with the team for a total of five Seasons (1980–1984), totalling 144 regular season games.
After the 1983–84 season, Jutila went to the NHL and played for the Buffalo Sabres, the team who drafted him in 1982. However, Jutila's NHL career was short-lived and he left NHL in the following season. Jutila played most of the 1984–85 season in AHL for the Rochester Americans, totalling 56 games with 43 points (13 goals and 30 assists).
After his short NHL spell, Jutila returned to Tappara and stayed with the club for three seasons (1985–1988), winning the Finnish Championship every season. After three successful seasons in Finland, Jutila signed with the Swedish team Luleå HF in Elitserien where played for four seasons (1988–1992).
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Toni Kuivasto
Toni Kuivasto (born 31 December 1975 in Tampere) is a retired Finnish footballer who last played for Veikkausliigaside FC Haka.
Kuivasto started his career at home-town club FC Ilves, making his Veikkausliiga debut in 1992. He also played for MyPa and HJK Helsinki in Finland, before moving abroad to play for Viking FK of the Norwegian Tippeligaen in 2001. After a few years in Norway he wanted new challenges, and he was bought by Djurgården in the summer of 2003. Kuivasto has helped Djurgården to two Swedish championships and two Swedish Cups. Kuivasto returned to Finland for the 2010 season after spending 10 years abroad. He signed a one-year contract with FC Haka. He managed to score a vital goal for his team in his second game for Haka, in a league cup match against VPS.
After his contract with Haka expired after the 2010 season, he became a free agent. On 4 November 2011 it was announced that the 35-year-old Kuivasto would retire due his knee problems. He is currently studying to become a youth coach.
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Veikko Haukkavaara
Veikko Haukkavaara (October 3, 1921, Tampere – August 4, 2004) was a Finnish artist. He is best known for his sculptures welded out of pieces of metal.
Veikko Haukkavaara lived most of his life in Tampere.
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Veltto Virtanen
Pertti Olavi "Veltto" Virtanen (born 18 May 1951 in Hämeenlinna) is a rock personality, presidential candidate, and a member of the Finnish Parliament from Tampere, Finland.
In music he performed both as a solo artist and in the bands Virtanen (with Moog Konttinen), Välikausitakki and Sammas. Elektroninen xstaasi is considered the most famous of Veltto Virtanen's songs. Välikausitakki was notable for including also Mikko Alatalo, Harri Rinne and later also Juice Leskinen.
After running as an avowed spoiler in the 1994 presidential election, his surprisingly respectable popular vote spurred him to run in the 1995 election for the house of representatives as an essentially independent candidate, and indeed managed to get in. His terms in the Parliament were characteristically quixotic; the speeches he made being exercises in near-shamanistic eloqution, and counter to parliamentary protocol refusing to bare his head, sporting various headgear, but being most famous for his "artistic" beret. Although mostly a picturesque spice to the daily routines of the institution, he enjoyed considerable respect from many colleagues in the house.
wn.com/Veltto_Virtanen -
Vesa Toskala
Vesa Tapani Toskala (born May 20, 1977) is a professional ice hockey goaltender, currently playing for Ilves of SM-liiga. He has also played in the National Hockey League for the San Jose Sharks, Toronto Maple Leafs, Anaheim Ducks (no games played), and Calgary Flames.
Toskala was selected by San Jose in the 1995 NHL Entry Draft (4th round, 90th overall). The Sharks also took fellow Finn Miikka Kiprusoff in the fifth round. Toskala turned heads with his stellar play in the 1998–99 season with Ilves of the SM-liiga, where he went 21-12-0 with a 2.14 GAA and a 0.916 save percentage and posted five shutouts. The next season, playing a style that modeled after Markus Korhonen he played with Färjestad BK of the Swedish Elitserien and posted an impressive 2.59 GAA. In one game with Färjestad, Toskala scored a goal. At this point, Toskala was not sure if he wanted to have a career in hockey. Wanting a more stable job, he was going to quit hockey altogether to go to school full-time, before San Jose enticed him to North America.[citation needed]
wn.com/Vesa_Toskala -
Ville Nieminen
Ville Nieminen (born April 6, 1977) is a Finnish professional ice hockey forward currently playing for Örebro HK in the Swedish second division, HockeyAllsvenskan
Nieminen started his professional hockey career with Tappara in the Finnish SM-liiga, in the 1994–95 season. He was drafted by the Colorado Avalanche as their third-round pick, #78 overall, in the 1997 NHL Entry Draft. Nieminen spent three seasons in the AHL with the Hershey Bears, and moved to the NHL and won the Stanley Cup with the Avalanche in 2001.
Known for his non-stop motor and aggressive in-your-face style of play, Nieminen is an annoying opponent in the rink, whose style is heavily reminiscent of Esa Tikkanen. Nieminen has a relaxed personality outside the rink and his odd sense of humour is his trademark.
Nieminen has played for several teams in the NHL, and spent the 2004–05 lockout season playing for his home team, Tappara. He signed with the New York Rangers for the 2005–06 NHL season, and was traded to San Jose on March 8, 2006.
wn.com/Ville_Nieminen -
Väinö Linna
Väinö Linna ( pronunciation (help·info)) (20 December 1920 – 21 April 1992) was one of the most influential Finnish authors of the 20th century.[citation needed] He shot to immediate literary fame with his third novel, Tuntematon sotilas (The Unknown Soldier, published in 1954), and consolidated his position with the trilogy Täällä Pohjantähden alla (Under the North Star, published in 1959–1963 and translated into English by Richard Impola).
Väinö Linna was born in Urjala in the Pirkanmaa region. He was the seventh child of Viktor (Vihtori) Linna (1874–1927) and Johanna Maria (Maija) Linna (1888–1972). However, Linna's father, a butcher, died when Väinö Linna was only eight years old. Thus his mother had to support the entire family by working at a nearby manor. Despite his background, Linna's interest in literature began early on. As a child, Linna loved adventure novels which he borrowed from the local library. The author's education was, however, limited to six years at a public school which he finished in the mid-1930s. After working as a lumberjack and a farm hand at the same manor where his mother had worked, Linna moved to Tampere in 1938. Typical of his generation, the adolescent author-to-be moved from the countryside to a developing city in search of industrial labour which he found at the Finlayson textile mills.
wn.com/Väinö_Linna
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Tampere timelapse
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:08
- Updated: 05 Nov 2012
Filmed & edited by Jussi Korkeela Iikka Hyvönen Music Florence + The Machine Dog Days Are Over Thanks to Ravintola Näsinneula
http://wn.com/Tampere_timelapse
Tampere in Finnish Lakeland
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:18
- Updated: 18 Nov 2012
A large city by Finnish standards, with more than 200000 inhabitants, Tampere has managed to keep the small town feel. The city centre is compact in size, and the atmosphere is friendly and casual.
http://wn.com/Tampere_in_Finnish_Lakeland
Tampere tour part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:20
- Updated: 12 Jun 2012
An iGuideo that guides you around Tampere, Finland. More on iguideo dot com.
http://wn.com/Tampere_tour_part_1
tampere pride 21.7.2012 FDL not welcome
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:06
- Updated: 07 Nov 2012
activists blocked FDL from entering the pride walk in tampere 2012
http://wn.com/tampere_pride_2172012_FDL_not_welcome
Mc Mane & Sarkastinen - Tampere
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:16
- Updated: 24 Nov 2012
Musavideoo ny nähtävillä! Mc mane & Sarkastinen - Tampere www.mikseri.net www.mikseri.net Joonas Ennala - Viisi Filmi www.gotviis.com
http://wn.com/Mc_Mane_Sarkastinen_Tampere
020202 Tampere
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:31
- Updated: 23 Nov 2012
020202 TV-mainos
http://wn.com/020202_Tampere
Stratovarius - Eagleheart (live in Tampere 2011)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:14
- Updated: 25 Nov 2012
Under Flaming Winter Skies DVD
http://wn.com/Stratovarius_Eagleheart_live_in_Tampere_2011
Stratovarius - Under Flaming Winter Skies (Live In Tampere 2012) Full
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 112:19
- Updated: 25 Nov 2012
Set list: 01. Intro 02. "Under Flaming Skies" 01:00 03. "I Walk To My Own Song" 05:07 04. "Speed Of Light" 10:55 05. "Kiss Of Judas" 14:16 06. "Deep Unknown" 20:25 07. Guitar Solo 24:23 08. "Eagleheart" 27:05 09. "Paradise" 31:21 10. "Visions" 37:20 11. Bass Solo 46:58 12. "Coming Home" 51:35 13. "Legions Of The Twillight" 57:41 14. "Darkest Hours" 1:04:02 15. Jörg Speech 1:08:55 16. "Burn" 1:10:40 17. "Behind Blue Eyes" 1:16:45 18. "Winter Skies" 1:19:47 19. Keyboard Solo 1:26:10 20. "Black Diamond" 1:27:27 21. "Father Time" 1:36:37 22. "Hunting High And Low" 1:42:07
http://wn.com/Stratovarius_Under_Flaming_Winter_Skies_Live_In_Tampere_2012_Full
"Tampere - A Truly British Guide" (Dan Castro & Nick Rowley)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:28
- Updated: 28 Aug 2012
Mun Tampere kilpailutyö 2008 My Tampere contest entry 2008
http://wn.com/Tampere_A_Truly_British_Guide_Dan_Castro_Nick_Rowley
Red Hot Chili Peppers - Wet Sand - Live, Tampere, Finland 1st August 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:38
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
Red Hot Chili Peppers - Wet Sand - Live, Tampere, Finland 1st August 2012
http://wn.com/Red_Hot_Chili_Peppers_Wet_Sand_Live,_Tampere,_Finland_1st_August_2012
Stratovarius - Live In Tampere 2012.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 112:19
- Updated: 25 Nov 2012
http://wn.com/Stratovarius_Live_In_Tampere_2012
Tuomas Holopainen Interview - Tampere
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 28:40
- Updated: 23 Nov 2012
www.Tuomas-Holopainen.com **We apologise for the typo in the URL on the video. The gent that edited it for us made an error.** Tuomas's website hosts a series of interesting fan questions to Tuomas. Subtitles are available (Sorry for them merging with the banner at times) The nice loud voice behind the camera belongs to the website's Spanish translator. Thanks to her for recording the event
http://wn.com/Tuomas_Holopainen_Interview_Tampere
Tampere Rally 2012 - Part 1/2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:30
- Updated: 24 Oct 2012
Finnish F-CUP Rally Championship 2012 - Round 04 - Tampere Rally Rally competition in Finland is a national obsession and no other series draws as many passionate amateur competitors than the F-Cup.
http://wn.com/Tampere_Rally_2012_Part_1_2
CrossFit Tampere, WOD 13.8.2010 - "Barbara"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:40
- Updated: 16 Oct 2012
Essi & Lasse from CF Tampere doing "Barbara" as a Workout Of the Day. Barbara is: 5 rounds for time - 20 x pull-up - 30 x push-up - 40 x sit-up - 50 x squat - 3 min rest Altogether that's 100 pull-ups 150 push-ups 200 sit-ups 250 squats All footage shot with iPhone, sorry for the poor quality. Music by YouTube.. pfft.
http://wn.com/CrossFit_Tampere,_WOD_1382010_Barbara
Stratovarius - Speed Of Light (Live in Tampere 2011)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:21
- Updated: 25 Nov 2012
Under Flaming Winter Skies DVD The Jörg Michael Farewell Tour
http://wn.com/Stratovarius_Speed_Of_Light_Live_in_Tampere_2011
Stratovarius "Black Diamond" Live from the DVD "Under Flaming Winter Skies - Live In Tampere"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:59
- Updated: 24 Nov 2012
Over 2 hours of live performance incl. all the hits and a brand new 30 minute documentary on the DVD "Stratovarius - Under Flaming Winter Skies - Live In Tampere" Order now: Amazon.de 2CD amzn.to | Amazon DVD amzn.to | Amazon Blu-ray: amzn.to The news of Jörg's withdrawal in September 2011 was a shock for all Stratovarius fans. To say goodbye to a friend, hero and member who characterized the band's sound for over a decade, the band headed to a 5 show spanning Farewell Tour in Finland in November. Now you're able to enjoy one of Jörg Michael's last concerts with Stratvarius! For the first time on 2CD | DVD | Blu-ray. Each of the formats includes a different booklet - the same cover and interview with Jörg but different rare pictures. Out June 29th! And: Watch out for the new Stratovarius studio album coming in 2013! Follow earMUSIC on Facebook to get all the latest info! on.fb.me
http://wn.com/Stratovarius_Black_Diamond_Live_from_the_DVD_Under_Flaming_Winter_Skies_Live_In_Tampere
Tampere Open 2012 OFFICIAL SAMPLER
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:54
- Updated: 22 Nov 2012
You've been waiting for it - here it is. vimeo.com Tampere Open - International gathering held in Finland for martial arts trickers. 7 hours of material and over 40 hours of editing condensed into one epic piece of tricking footage, introducing small and big europian names in tricking! Finland, England, Holland, Germany, France, Italy and Norway representing! Filmed with four Canon DSLR-cameras. Songs: Nobuyoshi Sano - Paul Phoenix CunninLynguists - Hellfire Das EFX - Baknaffek Culcha Candela - Gimme Some Feint - Reptise
http://wn.com/Tampere_Open_2012_OFFICIAL_SAMPLER
Stratovarius - Hunting High And Low (Live in Tampere 2011)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:29
- Updated: 25 Nov 2012
Under Flaming Winter Skies DVD The Jörg Michael Farewell Tour
http://wn.com/Stratovarius_Hunting_High_And_Low_Live_in_Tampere_2011
TRAGEDY : live at Tampere, Finland 13.5.2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 39:40
- Updated: 23 Nov 2012
1. The Day After 2. Not Fucking Fodder 3. Fury, Fury, Fury (new song) 4. Revengeance 5. The Hunger 6. Beginning of the End 7. Eyes of Madness 8. Call to Arms 9. Vengeance 10. Night Falls 11. The Ending Fight 12. The Point of No Return 13. You are an Experiment 14. The Waiting
http://wn.com/TRAGEDY_live_at_Tampere,_Finland_1352011
FSX Finnair B737 visual landing to Tampere (EFTP)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:33
- Updated: 02 Aug 2012
Flight Simulator X default Boeing 737-800 Finnair livery make visual landing to Tampere-Pirkkala airport EFTP runway 24. I hope you like it even it is filmed from monitor. :) PS This is my first FSX video on youtube.
http://wn.com/FSX_Finnair_B737_visual_landing_to_Tampere_EFTP
Tampere City Tour
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:40
- Updated: 14 Nov 2012
http://wn.com/Tampere_City_Tour
Stratovarius "Under Flaming Winter Skies - Live In Tampere" DVD Documentary Trailer (HD)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:19
- Updated: 15 Nov 2012
Over 2 hours of live performance incl. all the hits and a brand new 30 minute documentary! Order the DVD: Amazon 2CD amzn.to | Amazon DVD amzn.to | Amazon Blu-ray: amzn.to The news of Jörg's withdrawal in September 2011 was a shock for all Stratovarius fans. To say goodbye to a friend, hero and member who characterized the band's sound for over a decade, the band headed to a 5 show spanning Farewell Tour in Finland in November. Now you're able to enjoy one of Jörg Michael's last concerts with Stratvarius! For the first time on 2CD | DVD | Blu-ray. Each of the formats includes a different booklet - the same cover and interview with Jörg but different rare pictures. Out June 29th! And: Watch out for the new Stratovarius studio album coming in 2013! Follow earMUSIC on Facebook to get all the latest info! on.fb.me
http://wn.com/Stratovarius_Under_Flaming_Winter_Skies_Live_In_Tampere_DVD_Documentary_Trailer_HD
Star Wreck 2π - InsideOut Ep. 18: Tampere Tour
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:02
- Updated: 09 Sep 2012
Before the Premiere, wee took a tour around Tampere.
http://wn.com/Star_Wreck_2π_InsideOut_Ep_18_Tampere_Tour
photo: AP / Mohammed Asad
24 Nov 2012
Cairo. President Mohamed Morsi insisted on Friday that Egypt is on the path to “freedom and democracy” after granting himself sweeping powers, which sparked clashes between his supporters and foes and raised concerns abroad. “Political stability, social stability and economic stability are what I want and that is what I am working for,” he told a...(size: 4.8Kb)
photo: AP
23 Nov 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. I was fortunate to have been raised near an American Indian archaeological spot located on the Great Plains. In elementary school, a fellow classmate would periodically bring and show grinding stones, arrow- and spearheads, stone farming implements, and pictures of what the excavated site may have...(size: 7.1Kb)
photo: WN / Ahmed Deeb
23 Nov 2012
Israel and Hamas are seeking to solidify an Egyptian and US-brokered cease-fire halting eight days of aerial assaults that ravaged the Gaza Strip and made Tel Aviv a missile target. Announcing the truce in Cairo last night alongside Egypt's foreign minister, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton promised U.S. assistance in seeking to "improve...(size: 5.4Kb)
photo: AP / Egyptian Presidency
23 Nov 2012
Opposition groups in Egypt have called for mass protests on Friday against President Mohammed Mursi's decree that gives him sweeping powers. They have described his move as a "coup against legitimacy" and accused the president of appointing himself Egypt's "new pharaoh". The decree states that the president's decisions cannot be revoked by any...(size: 4.6Kb)
photo: AP / Polash Khan
25 Nov 2012
The death toll from a fire in a clothes factory in Bangladesh has leapt to at least 120, officials say. The fire broke out late on Saturday in the nine-floor Tazreen Fashion factory in the Ashulia district on the outskirts of...(size: 1.5Kb)
Ha'aretz
26 Nov 2012
"This is not a time for words, but for actions," declared Yehuda Weinstein when he was appointed attorney general in early 2010. Soon, finally, he will act, and issue his final decision on the allegations against Foreign Minister Avigdor Lieberman. All the indications - none of which have been denied - point to his closing the case....(size: 3.2Kb)
Ohio
25 Nov 2012
When the U.S. jobless rate dipped in September from 8.1 percent to 7.8 percent, opponents of President Barack Obama decided the books had been cooked. “In a move that is simply beneath the dignity of the Oval Office,” declared conservative talk-show host Sean Hannity, “it appears that the Obama administration altered, for...(size: 4.3Kb)
The Times of India
25 Nov 2012
MUMBAI: The Palghar magistrate should not have immediately released on bail the 10 men who vandalized the hospital belonging to Shaheen Dhada's uncle, legal experts say. "The magistrate's order is rather strange. Police custody should have been for a limited period to at least enable the police to investigate properly," said former attorney general...(size: 4.7Kb)
MSNBC
25 Nov 2012
After three weeks of asking where James Peters was, his relatives found his body Friday under a sheet on the floor of his home near Haines City. Authorities said his wife, Sheree Peters, 56, was arrested on charges of manslaughter in connection with the death, as well as tampering with evidence after attempting...(size: 2.0Kb)
DNA India
25 Nov 2012
To address the ever increasing need of water for the citizens from eastern suburbs, the civic body has started the work of constructing a new underground tunnel between the Powai â Ghatkopar â Veravali water...(size: 1.4Kb)
The Times of India
25 Nov 2012
Indian Express
25 Nov 2012
Residents of North region said their complaints could fall in the wrong hands if the boxes were not protected. They said the police may have spent lakhs, but if they cant maintain them, nobody would use them In an attempt to introduce...(size: 1.6Kb)
Jakarta Globe
25 Nov 2012
A top ethnic Albanian guerrilla commander-turned-politician, accused of committing war crimes against Serb and Albanian civilians and prisoners-of-war in the 1998-1999 conflict, was put back in detention Saturday, the EU mission in Kosovo (EULEX) said. Fatmir Limaj, a lawmaker and deputy president of...(size: 2.0Kb)
New York Daily News
25 Nov 2012
While relatives wondered for weeks where James Peters had been, Florida police say, his wife kept a sickening secret inside their mobile home: His body was left decomposing on the floor, covered by a sheet. Now, Sheree Peters, 56, faces manslaughter charges in connection with the death of her 62-year-old husband, who was last seen alive three weeks...(size: 2.5Kb)
The Daily Telegraph Australia
25 Nov 2012
DUAL Adelaide premiership coach Malcolm Blight believes the club's record of being a good corporation should be taken into account as the Crows prepare for their greatest crisis. Adelaide will face the AFL Commission over alleged salary cap breaches and draft tampering on November 30 and it comes with the football fraternity in the dark over...(size: 2.6Kb)
Signon San Diego
25 Nov 2012
Previously In March, the San Diego Police Department said it was launching an audit to find out whether a ticket fixing case was an isolated incident or more widespread. The case involved a 27-year veteran sergeant who intervened to destroy seat-belt tickets for two county prosecutors – before the tickets got processed. In promising the review, a...(size: 4.2Kb)
The Times of India
25 Nov 2012
NEW DELHI: Was one of the bullets that felled liquor baron Ponty Chadha fired by his friend Sukhdev Singh Namdhari? Police sources pointed to this possibility, saying one of the bullets appears to have entered Ponty's body from the front-right. His brother Hardeep, by contrast, was firing at him from the left. Cops have found signs of Namdhari's...(size: 4.3Kb)
| Tampere | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| — City — | |||
| Tampereen kaupunki | |||
 |
|||
|
|||
| Nickname(s): Manchester of the North, Manse (in Finnish) | |||
 |
|||
| Coordinates: 61°30′N 023°46′E / 61.5°N 23.767°E / 61.5; 23.767Coordinates: 61°30′N 023°46′E / 61.5°N 23.767°E / 61.5; 23.767 | |||
| Country | Finland | ||
| Region | Pirkanmaa | ||
| Sub-region | Tampere | ||
| Government | |||
| • Mayor | Timo P. Nieminen | ||
| Area(2011-01-01)[1] | |||
| • City | 689.59 km2 (266.25 sq mi) | ||
| • Land | 525.03 km2 (202.72 sq mi) | ||
| • Water | 164.56 km2 (63.54 sq mi) | ||
| Area rank | 180th largest in Finland | ||
| Population (2012-01-31)[2] | |||
| • City | 215,315 | ||
| • Rank | 3rd largest in Finland | ||
| • Density | 410.1/km2 (1,062/sq mi) | ||
| • Metro | 340,000 | ||
| Population by native language[3] | |||
| • Finnish | 94.9% (official) | ||
| • Swedish | 0.5% | ||
| • Others | 4.5% | ||
| Population by age[4] | |||
| • 0 to 14 | 13.8% | ||
| • 15 to 64 | 70.6% | ||
| • 65 or older | 15.7% | ||
| Time zone | EET (UTC+2) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | EEST (UTC+3) | ||
| Municipal tax rate[5] | 19% | ||
| Urbanisation | 96.9% | ||
| Unemployment rate | 10.1% | ||
| Website | [www.tampere.fi] | ||
Tampere (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈtɑmpere] ( listen); Swedish: Tammerfors [tamərˈfɔrs] or [tamərˈfɔʂ]) is a city in southern Finland. It is the most populous inland city in any of the Nordic countries. The city has a population of 215,315,[2] growing to approximately 300,000 people in the conurbation and over 340,000 in the metropolitan area.[6] Tampere is the third most-populous municipality in Finland, after the Greater Helsinki municipalities of Helsinki and Espoo. In 2007, the entire Pirkanmaa region had around 470,000 residents, of which 230,000 were employed, and a turnover of 25 billion euros.[7]
Tampere is located between two lakes, Näsijärvi and Pyhäjärvi. Since the two lakes differ in level by 18 metres (59 ft), the rapids linking them, Tammerkoski, have been an important power source throughout history, most recently for generating electricity. Tampere is dubbed the "Manchester of Finland" for its industrial past as the former center of Finnish industry, and this has given rise to its Finnish nickname "Manse" and terms such as "Manserock".[6][7][8]
Helsinki can be reached in 1.5 hours by train and 2 hours by car. The distance to Turku is approximately the same. Tampere Airport is the third-busiest airport in Finland, with 800,000 passengers annually.[7]
Contents |
History[link]
 |
This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability. |
Tampere was founded as a market place on the banks of the Tammerkoski channel in 1775 by Gustav III of Sweden and four years later, 1 October 1779,[9] Tampere was granted full city rights. At this time, it was a rather small town, consisting of only a few square kilometres of land around the Tammerkoski.
Tampere grew as a major market town and industrial centre in the 19th century. During the latter half of 19th century Tampere had almost half of Finland's industrial labour. The town's industrial nature in the 19th and 20th centuries gave it the nickname "Manchester of the North", Manse for short (in Finnish).
Tampere was the centre of many important political events of Finland in the early 20th century. On 1 November 1905, during the general strike, the famous Red Declaration was proclaimed on the Keskustori, the central square of Tampere, subsequently leading to universal suffrage in Finland and the Tsar of Russia granting larger freedoms to Finns. In 1918, when Finland had recently gained independence, Tampere also played a major role, being one of the strategically important scenes during the Civil War in Finland (28 January–15 May 1918). Tampere was a red stronghold during the war, with Hugo Salmela in command. White forces captured Tampere, seizing about 10,000 Red prisoners on 6 April.
Prevalent in Tampere's post-World War II municipal politics was the so called Brothers-in-Arms Axis (aseveliakseli), the alliance of conservatives and social democrats against the communists and Agrarian party. During this era some of the most renowned city managers of Tampere were Erkki Napoleon Lindfors (who was responsible for many ambitious construction projects such as the Näsinneula tower and the construction of the suburb of Hervanta, Tampere's "daughter town"), Pekka Paavola (who gained some notoriety in corruption scandals) and Jarmo Rantanen. From 2007 on, Tampere switched to a new model of having a mayor and four deputy mayors, chosen for a periods of two years. Timo P. Nieminen was elected as the first mayor of Tampere for the years 2007–09.
After World War II, Tampere was enlarged by joining some neighbouring areas. Messukylä was incorporated in 1947, Lielahti in 1950, Aitolahti in 1966 and finally Teisko in 1972. Tampere was known for its textile and metal industries, but these have been largely replaced by information technology and telecommunications during the 1990s. The technology centre Hermia in Hervanta is home to many companies in these fields.
Name[link]
There have been many debates on the origin of the name Tampere. One theory is that it comes from the Swedish word damber, meaning "milldam". Another speculation is that the name originates from the ancient Scandinavian words þambr ("thick bellied") and þambion ("swollen belly"), referring to the rapids, and according to researchers, these kinds of references were given to name giving instances by ancient Scandinavian hunters. Other suggestions have been the Swedish tamper-dagar, fasting days, and also the Finnish word tammi. meaning "oak".[10] Although the name Tampere or its Swedish counterpart's Tammer- part cannot be completely confirmed, it is clear that the fors part in the Swedish name means "rapids".
Geography[link]
![[icon]](http://web.archive.org./web/20121126020454/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} |
This section requires expansion. |
Tampere is part of the Pirkanmaa region and is surrounded by the municipalities of Kangasala, Lempäälä, Nokia, Orivesi, Pirkkala, Ruovesi and Ylöjärvi.
Climate[link]
Tampere has a subarctic climate (Köppen Dfc), although it's close to humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb). Winters aren't especially cold, the average January temperature is -6.4°C, but summers are mild. On average, the snow season lasts 4 – 5 months: from late November to early April.
| Climate data for Tampere | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | −3.4 (25.9) |
−3.5 (25.7) |
1.2 (34.2) |
8.2 (46.8) |
15.4 (59.7) |
19.5 (67.1) |
22.2 (72.0) |
19.9 (67.8) |
14.0 (57.2) |
7.5 (45.5) |
1.5 (34.7) |
−1.9 (28.6) |
8.38 (47.09) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −6.4 (20.5) |
−6.9 (19.6) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
3.3 (37.9) |
9.7 (49.5) |
14.1 (57.4) |
16.9 (62.4) |
15.0 (59.0) |
9.8 (49.6) |
4.6 (40.3) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
−4.5 (23.9) |
4.35 (39.83) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −9.7 (14.5) |
−10.6 (12.9) |
−6.6 (20.1) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
3.8 (38.8) |
8.6 (47.5) |
11.7 (53.1) |
10.4 (50.7) |
5.9 (42.6) |
1.9 (35.4) |
−3 (26.6) |
−7.6 (18.3) |
0.29 (32.53) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 41 (1.61) |
29 (1.14) |
31 (1.22) |
32 (1.26) |
41 (1.61) |
66 (2.6) |
75 (2.95) |
72 (2.83) |
58 (2.28) |
60 (2.36) |
51 (2.01) |
42 (1.65) |
598 (23.54) |
| Avg. precipitation days | 10 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 109 |
| Source: Climatological statistics of Finland 1981-2010 [11] | |||||||||||||
Economy[link]
The Tampere region, or Pirkanmaa, which includes outlying municipalities, has around 0.47 million residents, 0.23 million employed, and 25 billion euro turnover as of 2007.[7] According to the Tampere International Business Office, the area is strong in mechanical engineering and automation, information and communication technologies, and health and biotechnology, as well as pulp and paper industry education. The Tampere region has two universities and three polytechnics totaling 40,000 students. The unemployment rate is around 10%.
Education[link]
There are four institutions of higher education in the Tampere area: two universities and two polytechnics (Finnish: ammattikorkeakoulu). The universities are University of Tampere (UTA), (more than 16,000 students) which is located right next to the city center, and Tampere University of Technology (more than 12,000 students), located in Hervanta. The regional polytechnic is Tampereen ammattikorkeakoulu (the term "polytechnic" used by Finnish Ministry of Education), which calls itself in English "Tampere University of Applied Sciences" (ca 10,000 students).[12] The Police College of Finland, serving the whole of Finland in its field of specialization, is the other polytechnic located in Tampere.
Culture[link]
Tampere is known for its active cultural life. Some of the most popular writers in Finland, such as Väinö Linna, Kalle Päätalo and Hannu Salama, hail from Tampere. These are all known as writers depicting the lives of working class people. Also from a working class background was the famous poet Lauri Viita of the Pispala district (which is the original home of Hannu Salama too). Tampere also has old theatre traditions, with such established institutions as Tampereen Työväen Teatteri, Tampereen Teatteri and Pyynikin Kesäteatteri, which is an open-air theatre with the oldest revolving auditorium in Europe. Tampereen Teatterikesä or Tampere Theatre Festival is an international theatre festival held in Tampere every August.
Tampere is also known for its Tampere Art Museum, Tampere, Finland which featured American artist Richard Humann in 2004, for his exhibition entitled, Delicate Monster.
Tampere Film Festival, an international short film festival, is held every March. Tammerfest is Tampere's urban rock festival held every July.
Tampere is home to Tampere Philharmonic Orchestra. Tampere Music Festivals organises three international music events: Tampere Jazz Happening each November, and in alternate years Tampere Vocal Music Festival and Tampere Biennale.
Tampere is home to the television channel YLE TV2, with its studios in the Tohloppi district, known among all for such popular TV comedies as Tankki täyteen, Reinikainen and Kummeli.
A local food speciality is mustamakkara, which resembles black pudding of northern England.
Religion[link]
Most Finnish citizens belong to the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland. Tampere has also a variety of other religious services spanning from traditional to charismatic. There are also some English speaking services. Tampere English Service is an international community affiliated with the Tampere Pentecostal Church. English services of the International Congregation of Christ the King (ICCK)] are organized by the Anglican Church in Finland and the Lutheran Parishes of Tampere. The Catholic parish of the Holy Cross [13] also offers services in Finnish, Polish and English. Other churches may also have English speaking ministries. Tampere is the center of a LDS stake (diocese). Other churches in Tampere are Nokia Revival, Finnish Orthodox Church, Evangelical Free Church, and Baptist Church.
Sports[link]
Tampere's sporting scene is driven by two sports, ice hockey and football. The first Finnish ice hockey match was played in Tampere, on the ice of Näsijärvi. Tampere is nicknamed the hometown of Finnish hockey. Two notably exceptional ice hockey teams exist in Tampere—Ilves and Tappara. They both have had a great impact on Finnish ice hockey culture and are among the most successful teams in Finland. The Finnish ice hockey museum, and the first ice hockey arena to be built in Finland, the Hakametsä arena, are both located in Tampere. Association Football is also a popular sport in Tampere. Ilves alone has over 4,000 players in its football teams, while Tampere boasts over 100 football teams. Tampere also hosted some of the preliminaries for the 1952 Summer Olympics. The city also hosted two canoe sprint world championships, in 1973 and 1983. In 1977, Tampere hosted the Junior World Rowing Championships. Also basketball is popular in Tampere. The city has three basketball teams with big junior activity and one of them, Tampereen Pyrintö, plays the highest level and is a Finnish Champion 2010.
Tampere was the host of the 10th European Youth Olympic Festival from 17 to 25 July 2009.
Tampere hosted the 2010 World Ringette Championships from 1 to 6 November at Hakametsä arena.
Rivalry between cities[link]
Tampere ostensibly has a long-standing mutual feud with the city of Turku, the first capital of Finland. This hostility is largely expressed in jokes in one city about the other; prominent targets are the traditional Tampere food, mustamakkara, the state of the Aura River in Turku, and the regional accents. Students at Tampere have organized the Non-Turkuan Nation (Ei-Turkulainen Osakunta),[14] which since 1997 has made annual excursions to Turku to jump on the market square, doing their part to undo the post-glacial rebound and push the city back under the sea.[15]
Popular music[link]
There is a lot of musical activity in Tampere, especially in the realm of black metal, heavy metal and rock. Some of the more popular bands based in Tampere include Horna, Behexen, Negative, Sargeist, Circle of Ouroborus, Prevalent Resistance, Uniklubi, Lovex and Puk, with some of the local black metal bands garnering a worldwide following. Tampere also has an active electronic music scene, notably in the genres of electro, drum and bass and dubstep. Tampere has been described as the "jungle capital" of Finland.
Manserock[link]
|
This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability. |
Manserock is a general term for rock music from Tampere. In the local slang, Manse means Tampere. "Manse" comes from "Manchester", as Tampere was one of the first industrial towns in Finland, and thus was similar to Manchester.
Although there was some earlier development of a rock scene in Tampere, Manserock is considered to have started in August 1969 when the famous musical Hair was performed for the first time in a local theatre. Reijo Paukku brought the musical to Tampere from the USA. Several local musicians participated in the show. The show received a lot of publicity in Tampere and in the whole of Finland.
The 1970s can be considered the golden age of Manserock and the word Manserock was introduced in the early 70's. Several local rock bands were popular in Finland and the reputation of Tampere as a rock city grew. The biggest name from that age is Juice Leskinen. Some other noteworthy names are Virtanen, Kontra and Kaseva. All of these bands played rock music with Finnish lyrics.
In 1977 Poko Records was founded. This was the first record company in Tampere and it played an important role in the support of Manserock.
In the late 70's Tampere was known for several new wave bands although other styles of rock also existed. Bands like Eppu Normaali, Popeda and Karanteeni spread knowledge of Manserock in Finland.
In the 1980s many new bands were formed. However, some of the older bands continued and increased in popularity. Juice Leskinen, Eppu Normaali and Popeda even released new recordings in the early 2000s.
Sites of interest[link]
The main tourist attraction is the Särkänniemi amusement park, which includes a dolphinarium and the landmark Näsinneula tower, topped by a revolving restaurant. Other sites of interest are Tampere Cathedral, Tampere City Library Metso ("wood grouse"), Kaleva Church (both designed by Reima Pietilä), the Tampere Hall for conferences and the Tampere Market Hall.
Tampere is also home to one of the last museums in the world dedicated to Vladimir Ilyich Lenin. Lenin moved to Tampere in August 1905 and during a subsequent Bolshevik conference in the city met Joseph Stalin for the first time. Lenin eventually fled Tampere (for Sweden) in November 1907 when being pursued by the Russian Okhrana. Lenin would not return to any part of the Russian Empire until ten years later, when he heard of the start of the Russian Revolution of 1917.
There are many museums and galleries, including:
- The Vapriikki Museum Centre [16] which includes the Natural History Museum of Tampere, Finnish Hockey Hall of Fame and the Shoe Museum
- Tampere Art Museum [17]
- Tampere Lenin Museum [18]
- The Muumilaakso Museum,[19] about Moomins
- Spy Museum in Siperia [20]
- Workers' housing museum in Amuri.[21]
- Finland's largest glass sculpture, owned by the City of Tampere, "Pack Ice / The Mirror of the Sea" by the renowned artist Timo Sarpaneva, is installed in the entrance lobby of the downtown shopping mall, KoskiKeskus.
Pispala[link]
Main article: Pispala
Pispala is a ridge located between the two lakes, Näsijärvi and Pyhäjärvi. It used to house the majority of industrial labour in the late 19th and early 20th century, when it was part of Suur-Pirkkala and its follower Pohjois-Pirkkala. It was a free area to be built upon by the working class people working in Tampere factories. It was joined to Tampere in 1937. Currently it is a popular residential area and together with neighbouring Pyynikki it forms an important historical area of Tampere.
Transport[link]
The public transport network within Tampere consists exclusively of a bus network. Between 1948 and 1976 the city also had an extensive trolleybus network, which was also the largest trolleybus system in Finland.[22] As of 2009 plans are being made for construction a light rail system in the city to replace some of the most popular bus lines (see Tampere light rail), as well as initiating commuter rail service on the railroad lines connecting Tampere to the neighbouring cities of Nokia and Lempäälä.[23]
Notable persons[link]
For a more complete list, see Category:People from Tampere.
International relations[link]
Twin towns — sister cities[link]
Tampere is twinned with:
References[link]
Notes[link]
- ^ "Area by municipality as of 1 January 2011" (in Finnish and Swedish) (PDF). Land Survey of Finland. http://www.maanmittauslaitos.fi/sites/default/files/pinta-alat_2011_kunnannimenmukaan.xls. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
- ^ a b "Population by municipality as of 31 January 2012" (in Finnish and Swedish). Population Information System. Population Register Center of Finland. http://vrk.fi/default.aspx?docid=5919&site=3&id=0. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
- ^ "Population according to language and the number of foreigners and land area km2 by area as of 31 December 2008". Statistics Finland's PX-Web databases. Statistics Finland. http://pxweb2.stat.fi/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=060_vaerak_tau_107_fi&ti=V%E4est%F6+kielen+mukaan+sek%E4+ulkomaan+kansalaisten+m%E4%E4r%E4+ja+maa%2Dpinta%2Dala+alueittain++1980+%2D+2008&path=../Database/StatFin/vrm/vaerak/&lang=3&multilang=fi. Retrieved 29 March 2009.
- ^ "Population according to age and gender by area as of 31 December 2008". Statistics Finland's PX-Web databases. Statistics Finland. http://pxweb2.stat.fi/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=050_vaerak_tau_104_fi&ti=V%E4est%F6+i%E4n+%281%2Dv%2E%29+ja+sukupuolen+mukaan+alueittain+1980+%2D+2008&path=../Database/StatFin/vrm/vaerak/&lang=3&multilang=fi. Retrieved 28 April 2009.
- ^ "List of municipal and parish tax rates in 2011". Tax Administration of Finland. 29 November 2010. http://www.vero.fi/nc/doc/download.asp?id=7996;193801. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
- ^ a b "Tampere in brief" (PDF). http://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5ygWzG5ol/english_2008.pdf. Retrieved 2011-09-15.
- ^ a b c d Tampere Economy[dead link], Tampere International Business Office
- ^ Katko, Tapio S. and Juuti, Petri S. Watering the city of Tampere, publications of the 5th IWHA Conference, 2007. Available at the website of the city of Tampere.
- ^ The City Of Tampere – Tampere in brief – History[dead link]
- ^ "Utain - Tampereen yliopiston toimittajakoulutuksen viikkolehti". Uta.fi. http://www.uta.fi/utain/2003s/16/6153.html. Retrieved 3 June 2011. [dead link]
- ^ http://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=184123e9-06fe-4c48-9827-06c4652ad32c&groupId=30106
- ^ TAMK. 22 January 2010. Tampere polytechnic. Retrieved 31 January 2010.
- ^ "Pyhä Risti Seurakunta". Kolumbus.fi. http://www.kolumbus.fi/risti/english.html. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
- ^ "Ei-turkulainen Osakunta". Students.tut.fi. http://www.students.tut.fi/cgi-bin/run/eto/eto.py?sivu=etusivu. Retrieved 6 May 2009.
- ^ http://www.students.tut.fi/~eto/turunsanomat06.pdf
- ^ http://www.tampere.fi/english/vapriikki/index.html
- ^ http://www.tampere.fi/english/artmuseum/index.html
- ^ "Lenin-museo". Lenin.fi. http://www.lenin.fi/uusi/uk/index.htm. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
- ^ "Tampereen taidemuseon Muumilaakso - Front page". Inter9.tampere.fi. http://inter9.tampere.fi/muumilaakso/index.php?lang=en. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
- ^ "Vakoilumuseo - Spy Museum". Vakoilumuseo.fi. http://www.vakoilumuseo.fi/englanti/index.htm. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
- ^ "City of Tampere - Amuri museum of workers' housing". Tampere.fi. 10 May 2011. http://www.tampere.fi/amuri/startpage.htm. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
- ^ Alameri, Mikko. "Trolleybus City of Tampere" (in Finnish). Raitio. Suomen Raitiotieseura. http://raitio.org/trolley/tampere/tpelinja.htm. Retrieved 28 February 2009.
- ^ "Joukkoliikennejärjestelmävaihtoehdot - Vaikutusten arviointi ja suositus Tampereen kaupunkiseudun joukkoliikennejärjestelmäksi" (in Finnish) (PDF). TASE 2025. City of Tampere. March 2007. http://www.tase2025.fi/julkaisut/TASE_tiivistelma.pdf. Retrieved 28 February 2009.
- ^ "List of Twin Towns in the Ruhr District". © 2009 Twins2010.com. http://www.twins2010.com/fileadmin/user_upload/pic/Dokumente/List_of_Twin_Towns_01.pdf?PHPSESSID=2edd34819db21e450d3bb625549ce4fd. Retrieved 28 October 2009. [dead link]
- ^ "Twin Cities". The City of Łódź Office.
(in English) © 2007 UMŁ. http://en.www.uml.lodz.pl/index.php?str=2029. Retrieved 23 October 2008. - ^ "Trondheims offisielle nettsted - Vennskapsbyer" (in (Norwegian)). Trondheim.com. http://www.trondheim.com/content.ap?thisId=93081934. Retrieved 4 September 2011.
- ^ "Sister Cities of Guangzhou". Guangzhou Foreign Affairs Office. http://www.gzwaishi.gov.cn/Item/3970.aspx. Retrieved 10 February 2010.
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Tampere |
- City of Tampere – Official website
- Map of Tampere
- Virtual City Guide: VirtualTampere.com
- 1952 Summer Olympics official report pp. 62–3.
- Tammerkoski Heritage – Town's Industrial Heritage Portal
- CSSA Tampere Ry
- Lunch restaurants in Tampere
- Tampere travel guide from Wikitravel
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Tammerfors". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
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| Tuomas Holopainen | |
|---|---|
.JPG) Tuomas Holpainen live in a concert |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Tuomas Lauri Johannes Holopainen |
| Born | (1976-12-25) 25 December 1976 (age 35) |
| Origin | Kitee,  Finland |
| Genres | Symphonic metal, power metal, gothic metal |
| Occupations | Musician, songwriter, producer |
| Instruments | Keyboards, piano, guitar, vocals, bass, saxophone, clarinet |
| Years active | 1992 – present |
| Labels | Spinefarm, Nuclear Blast, Roadrunner, Century Media, Drakkar Entertainment |
| Associated acts | Nightwish, For My Pain..., Timo Rautiainen |
| Website | Tuomas-Holopainen.com Official Website |
Tuomas Lauri Johannes Holopainen (born 25 December 1976)[1] is a Finnish composer known best for symphonic metal music. He has also studied jazz and classical styles, but prefers to be influenced by harmonic film music.[1]
He is best known for being the keyboardist, band leader and main songwriter of Finnish symphonic metal band Nightwish.[2] He has also played in the bands Nattvindens Gråt and Darkwoods My Betrothed. His current side projects are the Gothic metal band For My Pain... and the band of Timo Rautiainen.[3]
Holopainen has written several songs that have been included in movie soundtracks, including recent collaboration with Nightwish bass player, and male vocalist Marco Hietala on "While Your Lips Are Still Red", for the Finnish film "Lieksa!" in 2007. He's also producing Nightwish's own film, Imaginaerum, to be released in early 2012.[4]
Contents |
Biography[link]
Tuomas Holopainen was born in Kitee, Finland on 25 December 1976 the son of enterpreneur Pentti Holopainen and Kirsti Nortia-Holopainen. He has an older sister named Susanna who works as a surgeon-urologist, and an older brother named Petri who is an autopsy assistant. His musicality and skill in text expression showed early in school.[5] His mother signed him up for piano class in school when he was seven years old,[6] and he later studied clarinet, tenor saxophone, piano and music theory for eleven years at a music college.[1] Tuomas had no interest in metal until his school foreign exchange partner took him to see Metallica in America, and he became hooked.[7]
Holopainen joined his first bands in 1993. He played in several bands, including recording keyboards for three albums with black metal band Darkwoods My Betrothed and playing with Dismal Silence, Nattvindens Gråt and Sethian.[1] Holopainen is a Disney, J. R. R. Tolkien and Dragonlance fan.[1] In 2006 Holopainen said that he is "not religious, but an open-minded, thinking individual". He does not consider "religion to be bad, but human interpretation of it."[8] His own religion is also something very personal to him.[8]
Musical career[link]
Formation and first releases[link]
In July 1996, Holopainen began thinking of starting a band of his own, for which he would write the music and play keyboards. This was the birth of Nightwish, around a camp fire. He asked Emppu Vuorinen (guitar) and classmate Tarja Turunen (vocals) to join what was then an acoustic project.[9] After hearing Turunen's strong voice, and because of the metal influences of Vuorinen and drummer Jukka Nevalainen, Tuomas decided to turn Nightwish into a metal act.[9]
Nightwish's first non-demo release, Angels Fall First, came in 1997,[10] followed by Oceanborn in 1998.[9] In 1999, Holopainen and members of other Finnish metal acts like Embraze, Eternal Tears of Sorrow, Charon and Reflexion started the gothic metal supergroup For My Pain.... However, as all the members were busy with their own bands, the project was postponed for the future.[2]
Nightwish's third studio album, Wishmaster, was released in 2000. The third release sold even better than the previous album. In 2001, again the idea of For My Pain... was brought up, and the members started planning a debut.[9]
World fame[link]
In Nightwish's fourth studio album Century Child, released in 2002, Holopainen began collaborating with symphonic orchestras from Finland and the United Kingdom, which was a change in the band's music and Holopainen's style of composition, and also allowed for more freedom with additional instruments.[11] The use of orchestral elements has been present in the studio album releases from Nightwish as of 31 December 2007.
In 2003, For My Pain... released its debut album, entitled Fallen. The album was received well, but the band has since lost fans due to a lack of new albums –- for the same reason that Fallen was delayed by four years. In 2004 For My Pain... released "Killing Romance", a Finnish single with three previously unreleased tracks; "Killing Romance", "Joutsenlaulu" and "Too Sad to Live".
Nightwish's fifth studio album, Once was released in 2004, and became their US break-through. Singles "Nemo" and "Wish I Had an Angel" were played on MTV. Nightwish started their most extensive tour to date, the Once World Tour, visiting several countries, like Japan, for the first time. After the last concert (a filmed show in Hartwall Areena, Finland which was featured on the End of an Era DVD in 2006), in October 2005, Nightwish gave vocalist Tarja Turunen a letter explaining her dismissal from the band.
Current career[link]
In 2006, Holopainen went through a dark period filled with anxiety and depression, made worse by rumours about himself and Nightwish in the tabloids every day. These events also inspired him in the writing of Dark Passion Play, Nightwish's sixth album.
After heavy metal singer Timo Rautiainen's break up of Trio Niskalaukaus, he published his first solo album titled Sarvivuori with a crew gathered from different bands, including Holopainen on keyboards. Holopainen also wrote one song on the album. Early the next year, For My Pain... announced that they would soon start recording the successor to Fallen, but it was reported in the same autumn that the album once again was postponed.
In April 2007 Holopainen collaborated with fellow Nightwish member Marco Hietala to write a theme song for the Finnish film Lieksa!. The song, "While Your Lips Are Still Red", was the first song he had written specifically for a film, though several Nightwish songs ("Nemo", "Wish I Had an Angel", "Amaranth") have been included in film soundtracks. Holopainen has said that writing film scores is something he would like to do in the future.[12] On "While Your Lips Are Still Red", in addition to Holopainen on piano, Marco Hietala performs vocals and acoustic bass guitar, and Jukka Nevalainen plays drums.
In 2007, Holopainen played keyboards with Finnish punk band Kylähullut on their EP Lisää persettä rättipäille. He would return to play keyboards on their following album Peräaukko sivistyksessä. Holopainen can be heard singing with the chorus on both of these releases.[13]
The new vocalist for Nightwish was revealed in May 2007; Swede Anette Olzon, who appears on Dark Passion Play, released in late August of the same year. On 8 May 2008, it was announced that Holopainen would be the producer of Finnish pop/rock band Indica's next album, Valoissa, which was released in the fall of 2008. Holopainen was credited for helping to create the Finnish trance artist Orkidea's third album, Metaverse in 2008, for the collaboration in Orkidea's version of Nightwish's song "Bye Bye Beautiful" (Nightwish - Bye Bye Beautiful (DJ Orkidea Remix)).
Nightwish's seventh studio album, Imaginaerum, was released on 30 November 2011 in Finland and in North America on 10 January 2012.[4]
Music[link]
Composing[link]
Holopainen is a source of inspiration for other bands, especially within symphonic, gothic and power metal. Simone Simons, lead singer of Epica, stated that she began singing due to Nightwish.[14] Ex-singer of Visions of Atlantis, Nicole Bogner, also acknowledged that Nightwish had greatly inspired the band, especially for their first album.[15]
Sander Gommans of After Forever said that Nightwish "will certainly influence us in creating new songs".[16] Finnish power metal band Sonata Arctica's lead singer Tony Kakko, who has worked with Nightwish both in making the "Beauty and the Beast" duet with Tarja Turunen and as a crowd warmer, several times explained how much of an influence Nightwish is for him.[17]
Singing[link]
In the early days of Nightwish, Holopainen was the band's male vocalist, performing all male vocals on Angels Fall First. For subsequent releases, the band has recruited sessional male vocalists, as Holopainen preferred to focus entirely on his keyboards. However, he did sing Beauty and the Beast live if the band did not have a sessional singer available, contributed vocals to the track The Carpenter on Angels Fall First and chanting to the track Moondance on Oceanborn as well as vocals on Master Passion Greed (Dark Passion Play), although these songs are never performed live (with the exception of The Carpenter, which was performed at the Tavastia Club, Helsinki in 1998). He also performed the whispering in the background on While Your Lips Are Still Red, but he does not do this live.
On his profile on Nightwish.com, Holopainen describes that his strangest on-stage experience was "'singing' in front of 20,000 people," and his worst nightmare on stage is "having to sing again."
Live gear[link]
[18] Holopainen prefers Korg synthesizers and workstation as his live and studio gear. After using an M1 he borrowed from his school, he bought a Korg N364 Music Workstation with money borrowed from his father, which he continued to use live until the end of "Once Upon A Tour". He then added a Korg Trinity which was subsequently replaced by a Triton. In 2004 the then-new Korg Karma was added to the setup. In 2007, for the Dark Passion Play Tour, the N364 was retired and replaced with two Korg TRs in order to make maintenance and repairs easier. He uses K&M Spider stands. Holopainen has a very visual approach to setting up his live gear. For the last few concerts on the Once tour, he had all of his keyboards painted white, and switched to purple for the Dark Passion Play tour. In addition, he has a 12" Edward Scissorhands figure on his two-tiered keyboard stand, and a Jack Sparrow (from the Pirates of the Caribbean film series) figure on his single stand keyboard (to his left). During some concerts in the latest Dark Passion Play tour Holopainen has had a large Ocean Soul named boat prop around his Keyboards.
Holopainen uses a Korg Oasys in the studio, and a few Oasys factory patches make an appearance on Dark Passion Play, but the instrument has yet to make it to the stage, instead the required patches are sampled and loaded into Holopainen's Triton keyboards.
Equipment[link]
- Korg N364 – (back on tour with Imaginaerum) music workstation
- Korg Triton – (retired) music workstation
- Korg KARMA – (Imaginaerum Tour) music workstation
- Korg OASYS – (Studio only) music workstation
- Korg TRINITY – (retired) music workstation
- Korg TR (x2) – (Dark Passion Play Tour) music workstation
- Korg Kronos – (Imaginaerum Tour) music workstation
Discography[link]
With Nightwish[link]
With Darkwoods My Betrothed[link]
|
With Timo Rautiainen[link]
Kylähullut[link]
Others[link]
|
References[link]
- ^ a b c d e "The Band – Members: Learn more about Tuomas". Nightwish's Official Website. http://www.nightwish.com/en/band/members/facts?id=1. Retrieved 15 November 2009.
- ^ a b "Nightwish: Interview With Tuomas Holopainen". MetalRules.com. http://www.metal-rules.com/interviews/NightwishCenturyChild.htm. Retrieved 15 November 2009.
- ^ "FOR MY PAIN...: 'Fallen' To Receive U.K. Release". Metal from Finland. 20 February 2009. http://www.metalfromfinland.com/For+My+Pain. Retrieved 15 November 2009.
- ^ a b "Nightwish Completes Work on New Pre-Production Deo". Blabbermouth.net. 2 December 2010. http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/. Retrieved 7 August 2010.
- ^ "Kirsti Nortia-Holopainen". Eaglescry.de. http://www.eaglescry.de/Articles/NWMeNaiset0507.php. Retrieved 7 August 2010.
- ^ Valley of Wishes
- ^ Ruskell, Nick. Kerrang! 16 August 2008, #1223. Treausre Chest. An Ultimate Portrait of a Life in Rock. Tuomas Holopainen. p 54
- ^ a b "Community – Nightmail: June 2006". Nightwish's Official Website. http://www.nightwish.com/en/community/nightmail?month=06&year=2006. Retrieved 7 August 2010.
- ^ a b c d "Nightwish Label Information". Spinefarm Records. http://www.nightwish.com/en/news/archive?month=07&year=2004. Retrieved 15 November 2009.
- ^ "Angels Fall First- Nightwish". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/album/r502851. Retrieved 15 November 2009.
- ^ Nightwish.com band diary
- ^ Nightwish.com – Nightmail
- ^ "Kylähullut". Members. http://www.kylahullut.com/english/index.php?sivu=members/members. Retrieved 5 September 2008.
- ^ "Epica Online". Profile Simone. http://www.epica.nl/index.php?id=45§ion=band. Retrieved 28 December 2005.
- ^ "Musical Discoveries". Visions of Atlantis (Nicole Bogner). http://www.musicaldiscoveries.com/reviews/voa.htm. Retrieved 30 December 2005.
- ^ "Musical Discoveries". After Forever. http://www.musicaldiscoveries.com/reviews/aftfor.htm. Retrieved 30 December 2005.
- ^ "The Gauntlet". Sonata Arctica Interview. http://euro.thegauntlet.com/interviews/1159/Sonata%20Arctica.html. Retrieved 17 June 2007.
- ^ Tuomas Holopainen on Last.fm
External links[link]
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| Persondata | |
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| Name | Holopainen, Tuomas |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 25 December 1976 |
| Place of birth | Kitee, Finland |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
