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Agra
Agra (; , {{lang-ur|) is a city on the banks of the river Yamuna in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh, India. With a population of 1,686,976 (2010 est.), it is one of the most populous cities in Uttar Pradesh and the 19th most populous in India. Agra can also refer to the administrative district that has its headquarters in Agra city.
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Agra Canal
The Agra Canal is an important Indian irrigation work which starts from Okhla in Delhi. The Agra canal originates from Okhla barrage, downstream of Nizamuddin bridge. It opened in 1874.
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Agra district
Agra District is one of the 70 districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India, and the historical city of Agra is the district headquarters. Agra district is a part of Agra division.
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Agra Fort
Agra Fort (, {{lang-ur|) is a UNESCO World Heritage site located in Agra, India. It is about 2.5 km northwest of its more famous sister monument, the Taj Mahal. The fort can be more accurately described as a walled city.
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Ajmer
Ajmer (, ), formerly written Ajmere, is a city in Ajmer District in India's Rajasthan state. Surrounded by the Aravalli Mountains, Ajmer, also known as Ajaymeru, was the city once ruled by Prithviraj Chauhan. Its population was approximately 500,000 in 2001. The city gives its name to Ajmer district, and also to a former province of British India called Ajmer-Merwara, which, after India's independence, became the state of Ajmer. On November 1, 1956, it was merged into Rajasthan state.
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Aligarh
Aligarh (, , in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The city is located about southeast of New Delhi. It is the administrative headquarters of Aligarh District, Aligarh Police Range and Aligarh Division, and has a population of half a million. It is mostly known as a university town where the famous Aligarh Muslim University is located. The Aligarh division includes Aligarh, Etah, Hathras, and Kanshi Ram Nagar districts. Aligarh has one of the best educational institutes in India. It is popularly known as the 'Mecca of Education'.
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Aligarh district
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Allahabad High Court
The Allahabad High Court () or the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad is a high court having jurisdiction over the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh since 1950. It was one of the first high courts to be established in India.
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Amar Singh Gate
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Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh (, ), abbreviated A.P., is a state situated on the southeastern coast of India. It is India's fourth largest state by area and fifth largest by population. Its capital and largest city is Hyderabad. The State has the second longest coastline among all the States in India. The official language of Andhra Pradesh is Telugu, while other languages spoken in Andhra Pradesh are Urdu, English, Tamil, and Hindi.
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Assam
http://wn.com/Assam -
Ayodhya
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Badaun district
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Bahraich district
Bahraich District is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India, and Bahraich town is the district headquarters. Bahraich District is a part of Devipatan Division.
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Banda district
Banda district () is a district of Uttar Pradesh state of India, and Banda is the district headquarters. It is a part of Chitrakoot Division.
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Barabanki district
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Bareilly
Barally (, {{Lang-ur|) is a city in Bareilly district in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Standing on the Ramganga river, it is the capital of the Bareilly division and the geographical region Rohilkhand. It is a center for the manufacture of furniture and for trade in cotton, grain, and sugar. The city's population in 2001 was 699,839. Geographically it forms the outer gateway to enter Uttarakhand State.
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Bareilly district
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Basti district
Basti district (, ), is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state, India and Basti town is the district headquarters. Basti district is a part of Basti Division.
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Bengal
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Bihar
{{Infobox Indian Jurisdiction
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Bijnor district
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Brazil
Brazil (; , ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (, ), is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population. It is the only Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas and the largest lusophone country in the world.
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Bulandshahr district
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Census of India 2001
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Chandigarh
Chandigarh (, ) is a union territory of India, that serves as the capital of two states, Punjab and Haryana. The name Chandigarh translates as "The Fort of Chandi". The name was coined from an ancient temple called Chandi Mandir, devoted to the Hindu Goddess Chandi, present in the city's vicinity. It is occasionally referred to as The City Beautiful. Chandigarh Capital Region (CCR) including Mohali, Panchkula and Zirakpur had a combined population of 1,165,111 (1.16 million) as per the 2001 census. Earlier the Chandigarh Capital region was also called 'Tricity' because of Panchkula and Mohali as adjacent cities but with mushrooming of other towns like Zirakpur, Kharar etc. with considerable population it is better called 'Chandigarh Capital Region'.
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Chhattisgarh
http://wn.com/Chhattisgarh -
Chhota Imambara
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Dainik Jagran
Dainik Jagran () is a Hindi language daily broadsheet newspaper in India. It is 3rd in India and 17th worldwide for the largest circulation of a daily newspaper.
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Daman and Diu
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Delhi
Delhi, known locally as Dilli (, , {{Lang-ur| '), and by the official name National Capital Territory of Delhi''' (NCT), is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest metropolis by population in India. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with more than 12.25 million inhabitants in the territory and with nearly 22.2 million residents in the National Capital Region urban area (which also includes Noida, Gurgaon, Greater Noida, Faridabad and Ghaziabad). The name Delhi is often also used to include some urban areas near the NCT, as well as to refer to New Delhi, the capital of India, which lies within the metropolis. The NCT is a federally administered union territory.
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Dhamek Stupa
Dhamek Stupa (also spelled Dhamekh and Dhamekha) is a massive stupa located at Sarnath, 13 km away from Varanasi in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Dhamekh Stupa
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Dhasan River
The Dhasan River is a right bank tributary of the Betwa River. The river originates in Begumganj tehsil of Raisen district in Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The river forms the southeastern boundary of the Lalitpur District of Uttar Pradesh state. Total length of the river is 365 km, out of which 240 km lies in Madhya Pradesh, 54 km common boundary between Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh and 71 km in Uttar Pradesh. The river was known as the Dasharna in ancient period.
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Etah district
Etah district ({{Lang-ur|, ) is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India, and Etah town is the district headquarters. Etah district is a part of Aligarh Division. It is dominated by Thakurs and Rajputs.
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Faizabad
See also: Faizabad (disambiguation)
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Farrukhabad district
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Ganges Barrage
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Ganges Canal
The Ganges or Ganga Canal is a canal system that irrigates the Doab region between the Ganges River and the Yamuna River in India.
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Garhwal Division
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Goa
http://wn.com/Goa -
Gomti Nagar
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Gonda district
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Gorakhpur
http://wn.com/Gorakhpur -
Greater Noida
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Gujarat
Gujarat (, , , ) is a state in India. Its capital is Gandhinagar, while its largest city is Ahmedabad. Gujarat is home to the Gujarati speaking people of India. The state encompasses major sites of the Indus Valley Civilization such as Lothal and Dholavira. Gujarat played an important role in the economic history of India throughout the history of India. It is home to major ports in India's ancient and modern history, leading it to become one of the main trade and commerce center of India. Lothal, one of the world's first ports, is located in Gujarat. Mohandas Gandhi, considered as India's "father of the nation", was a Gujarati who led the Indian Independence Movement against the British rule. Even today, Gujarat has one of the fastest growing economies in India.
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Gurjara-Pratihara
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Hardoi district
Hardoi is a district of Uttar Pradesh, India, and Hardoi town is the district headquarters. Hardoi district is a part of Lucknow division.
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Haryana
Haryana (, , , ) is a state in India. Historically, it has been a part of the Kuru region in North India. The name Haryana is found mentioned in the 12th century AD by the apabhramsha writer Vibudh Shridhar (VS 1189-1230). It is bordered by Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the north, and by Rajasthan to the west and south. The river Yamuna defines its eastern border with Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh. Haryana also surrounds Delhi on three sides, forming the northern, western and southern borders of Delhi. Consequently, a large area of Haryana is included in the National Capital Region. The capital of the state is Chandigarh which is administered as a union territory and is also the capital of Punjab. The name Haryana means the Abode of God from Sanskrit Hari (the Hindu God Vishnu) and ayana (home), although it may also refer to the lush green landscape of the state (from Sanskrit harit meaning green).
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Himachal Pradesh
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Hindustan
http://wn.com/Hindustan -
IMS-BHU
http://wn.com/IMS-BHU -
India
India (), officially the Republic of India ( ; see also official names of India), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.18 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Mainland India is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east; and it is bordered by Pakistan to the west; Bhutan, the People's Republic of China and Nepal to the north; and Bangladesh and Burma to the east. In the Indian Ocean, mainland India and the Lakshadweep Islands are in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives, while India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share maritime border with Thailand and the Indonesian island of Sumatra in the Andaman Sea. India has a coastline of .
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Indian Grand Prix
__NOTOC__
http://wn.com/Indian_Grand_Prix -
Iran
Iran ( ), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran is a country in Central Eurasia and Western Asia. The name Iran has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was also known to the western world as Persia. Both Persia and Iran are used interchangeably in cultural contexts; however, Iran is the name used officially in political contexts.
http://wn.com/Iran -
Jalaun district
http://wn.com/Jalaun_district -
Jammu and Kashmir
http://wn.com/Jammu_and_Kashmir -
Jaunpur district
Jaunpur district-an ancient name Jamadagnipur is a district in Varanasi division of Uttar Pradesh state in India. Jaunpur town serves as the district headquarters. The district has 6 tahsils (Shahganj, Badlapur, MachhaliShahar, Jaunpur, Mariyahu and Kerakat), 3 Lok Sabha constituencies and 10 Vidhan Sabha constituencies.
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Jhansi district
Jhansi District is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. The town of Jhansi is the district headquarters.
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Jharkhand
http://wn.com/Jharkhand -
JK Temple
http://wn.com/JK_Temple -
Kannauj
http://wn.com/Kannauj -
Kanpur
Kanpur (, {{lang-ur|), spelled as Cawnpore before 1948, is the tenth most populous city in India and the largest within the state of Uttar Pradesh. It is the second largest city of the Hindi-speaking belt after Delhi. It remains one of the oldest industrial townships of North India, although it has not kept pace with IT industry growth in the rest of India due to political indifference. It has a metropolitan area of over and a city area of around 829 km2 with a population of approximately 5 million,. With this huge population city also has lot of problems with traffic
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Karnataka
Karnataka (, pronounced ) is a state in South West India. It was created on 1 November 1956, with the passing of the States Reorganisation Act. Originally known as the State of Mysore, it was renamed Karnataka in 1973.
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Kerala
Kerala (Malayalam: , {{audio|Ml-Kerala.ogg|) is a state in India. It is located on the south-western region of the country. It was created on 1 November 1956, with the passing of the States Reorganisation Act bringing together the areas where Malayalam was the dominant language.
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Lakshadweep
http://wn.com/Lakshadweep -
Lucknow
Lucknow (; , {{Lang-ur|, , ) is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh in India. Lucknow is the administrative headquarters of Lucknow District and Lucknow Division. It is named after Lakshman the brother of Lord Rama, the Prince of Ayodhya and hero of the Hindu epic Ramayana.
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Lucknow district
Lucknow District is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. The city of Lucknow is the district headquarters and the district is part of Lucknow Division. Moreover, Lucknow city is the capital of Uttar Pradesh.
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Madhya Pradesh
http://wn.com/Madhya_Pradesh -
Maharashtra
Maharashtra (Marathi: , ) is a state located in West India. The word Maharashtra comes from the words Maha meaning Great and Rashtra meaning Nation, thus rendering the name Maharashtra (Great Nation). It is the second most populous after Uttar Pradesh and third largest state by area in India. It is the richest state in India, contributing to 15% of the country's industrial output and 13.2% of its GDP in year 2005-06.
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Mainpuri district
Mainpuri district is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India, and Mainpuri town is the district headquarters. Mainpuri district is a part of Agra division. The last ruler of this district was a Chauhan. Yadavs, Chauhans and Lodhis are in a state of relative majority in this district. At present Mainpuri is well known for its production of a kind of tobacco which is known as Kapoori.
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Manipur
Manipur ( ) is a state in northeastern India, with the city of Imphal as its capital. Manipur is bounded by the Indian states of Nagaland to the north, Mizoram to the south and Assam to the west; it also borders Myanmar to the east. It covers an area of .
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Meerut
http://wn.com/Meerut -
Meghalaya
http://wn.com/Meghalaya -
Mizoram
Mizoram Mizoram literally means land of the Mizo people and it is one of the Seven Sister States in North Eastern India, sharing borders with the states of Tripura, Assam, Manipur and with the neighbouring countries of Bangladesh and Myanmar. Mizoram became the 23rd state of India on 20 February 1987.The capital of Mizoram is Aizawl.
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Moti Jheel
Moti Jheel is a lake and a drinking water reservoir in the Benajhabar area of Kanpur, which with its adjoining gardens and children's park is an important tourist attraction . Built during the British Raj, today along with Kamala Retreat and Moti Park, it is most important recreational places in the bustling industrial city of Kanpur, once known as the "Manchester of the East".
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Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire (, ; Urdu: ; self-designation: , ), or Mogul (also Moghul) Empire in former English usage, was an Indian-Islamic power that ruled a large portion of the Indian subcontinent which began in 1526, invaded and ruled most of South Asia by the late 17th and early 18th centuries and ended in the mid-19th century.
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Nagaland
http://wn.com/Nagaland -
Nalanda
http://wn.com/Nalanda -
Noida
http://wn.com/Noida -
NOIDA
http://wn.com/NOIDA -
Orissa
Odisha (), or Orissa, is a state of India, located on the east coast of India, by the Bay of Bengal. It is the modern name of the ancient nation of Kalinga, which was invaded by the Maurya Emperor Ashoka in 261 BC. The modern state of Odisha was established on 1 April 1936 at Kanika Palace, Cuttack, as a province in India, and consists predominantly of Odia speakers. 1 April is therefore celebrated as Utkal Divas (Odisha Day).
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Pagri
Pagri or Phari () is a town in Yadong County in the Tibet Autonomous Region (Xizang Zizhiqu), China, near the border with Bhutan. Population 2121 (2004). It is one of the highest and coldest towns in the world, being 15,000 feet above sea-level.
http://wn.com/Pagri -
Pilibhit
http://wn.com/Pilibhit -
Pondicherry
http://wn.com/Pondicherry -
Punjab, India
Punjab ( , ) (pronounced ) is a state in northwest India, forming part of the larger Punjab region. The state is bordered by the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir to the north, Himachal Pradesh to the northeast, Chandigarh to the east, Haryana to the south and southeast and Rajasthan to the southwest as well as the Pakistani province of Punjab to the west. The state capital is Chandigarh, which is administered separately as a Union Territory because it is also the capital of Haryana. Other major cities of Punjab include Mohali, Ludhiana, Amritsar, Bathinda, Rajpura Patiala and Jalandhar.
http://wn.com/Punjab_India -
Rajasthan
http://wn.com/Rajasthan -
Republic of India
http://wn.com/Republic_of_India -
Roomi Darwaza
http://wn.com/Roomi_Darwaza -
Saharanpur district
http://wn.com/Saharanpur_district -
Sandi Bird Sanctuary
Sandi Bird Sanctuary is a bird sanctuary in Hardoi district of Uttar Pradesh, India.
http://wn.com/Sandi_Bird_Sanctuary -
Sarayu
http://wn.com/Sarayu -
Sikkim
http://wn.com/Sikkim -
Singhi
Singhi is a town located in Sarawak, Malaysia. It is located several kilometers southwest of Kuching.
http://wn.com/Singhi -
Sitapur district
http://wn.com/Sitapur_district -
Sonbhadra district
http://wn.com/Sonbhadra_district -
Sonebhadra
http://wn.com/Sonebhadra -
Sravasti
http://wn.com/Sravasti -
Sultanpur district
Sultanpur is a district in the state of Uttar Pradesh in northern India. The district is a part of Faizabad Division. It's administrative head is Sultanpur. It has an area of 1713 sq. rn. The surface is generally level, being broken only by ravines in the neighborhood of the rivers. The central portion is highly cultivated, while in the south are widespread arid plains and swampy jhils or marshes. The principal river is the Gomti River, which passes through the centre of the district and affords a valuable highway for commerce. Minor streams are the Kandu, Pili, Tengha and Nandhia, the last two being of onieimiiortanee, as their channels form the outlet for the superfluous water of the jhils, draining into the Sai. There: are ner the decade. The forests in the district, only stunted jungles used for fuel. In the population was 1,083,904, showing an increase of less than 1% over the decade. Due to its plain fertile land and irrigation facilities. It has got an agricultural importance. Primarily an agricultural district, its principal crops are rice, pulses, wheat, barley, sugarcane and a little poppy.
http://wn.com/Sultanpur_district -
Taj Mahal
The Taj Mahal (; , "crown of buildings", ; also "the Taj") is a mausoleum located in Agra, India. It is one of the most recognizable structures in the world. It was built by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal. It is widely considered as one of the most beautiful buildings in the world and stands as a symbol of eternal love.
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Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu (, ) is one of the 28 states of India. Its capital and largest city is Chennai (formerly known as Madras). Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian Peninsula and is bordered by the States of Puducherry, Kerala, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. It is bound by the Eastern Ghats in the north, the Nilgiri, the Anamalai Hills, and Palakkad on the west, by the Bay of Bengal in the east, the Gulf of Mannar, the Palk Strait in the south east, and by the Indian Ocean in the south.
http://wn.com/Tamil_Nadu -
Tripura
http://wn.com/Tripura -
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh (, {{Lang-ur|), pronounced , "Northern Province"), often referred to as U.P., is a state located in the northern part of India. With a population of over 190 million people,
http://wn.com/Uttar_Pradesh -
Uttarakhand
http://wn.com/Uttarakhand -
Uttaranchal
:For current state, see Uttarakhand.
http://wn.com/Uttaranchal -
Varanasi
http://wn.com/Varanasi -
Varanasi district
http://wn.com/Varanasi_district -
Vindhya Range
The Vindhya Range () is a range of older rounded mountains and hills in the west-central Indian subcontinent, which geographically separates the Indian subcontinent into northern India (the Indo-Gangetic plain) and Southern India.
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West Bengal
http://wn.com/West_Bengal
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Akbar
http://wn.com/Akbar -
Akbar the Great
http://wn.com/Akbar_the_Great -
Akhilesh Yadav
Akhilesh Yadav (born 1 July 1973) is an Indian politician and the Lok Sabha member for Kannauj in Uttar Pradesh. He is the son of Samajwadi Party president Mulayam Singh Yadav. He was first elected to the Lok Sabha from Kannauj in a by election in 2000. He retained his seat in the 2004 and 2009 general elections. Akhilesh Yadav has a Bachelor of Engineering (BE) degree from Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, Mysore affiliated to University of Mysore.
http://wn.com/Akhilesh_Yadav -
Ali bin Abi Talib
http://wn.com/Ali_bin_Abi_Talib -
Annie Wood Besant
http://wn.com/Annie_Wood_Besant -
Anup Jalota
http://wn.com/Anup_Jalota -
Atal Bihari Vajpayee
Atal Bihari Vajpayee (, ) (born 25 December 1924) is an Indian statesman, who served as the 11th Prime Minister of India. After a brief stint as Prime Minister in 1996, Vajpayee headed a coalition government from 19 March 1998 until 19 May 2004. He served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from Lucknow until 2009, and has since retired from active politics. He is called 'Vikas Purush' (Man of Progress/Development) of Indian Politics and was also referred to as 'Bhishma Pitamah of this era'.
http://wn.com/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee -
Baba Sehgal
Baba Sehgal, a Punjabi Khatri, is an Indian rapper and actor.
http://wn.com/Baba_Sehgal -
Babu Gulabrai
Babu Gulabrai (January 17, 1888 - April 13, 1963) (pen name: Gulabrai MA) was one of the greatest literary figures of modern Hindi literature.
http://wn.com/Babu_Gulabrai -
Banwari Lal Joshi
Banwari Lal Joshi (born 27 March 1936) is the Governor of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. He was previously Lieutenant-Governor of Delhi from 2004 to 2007, Governor of Meghalaya in 2007, and Governor of Uttarakhand from October 2007 to July 2009.
http://wn.com/Banwari_Lal_Joshi -
Begum Akhtar
http://wn.com/Begum_Akhtar -
Bhar
The Bhar are a caste found in North India. They are also known as Rajbhar.
http://wn.com/Bhar -
Bind (tribe)
The Bind are scheduled caste, found in North India. They are also known as Chatai Bin or Chai.
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Boksa (tribe)
Boksa or Buksa are indigenous people living mainly in the Indian states of Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh. They are most concentrated in the Nainital district in the Kumaon foothills of the outer Himalayas.
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Buddhism
http://wn.com/Buddhism -
Buddhists
http://wn.com/Buddhists -
Chandra Shekhar
http://wn.com/Chandra_Shekhar -
Charan Singh
http://wn.com/Charan_Singh -
Chero
The Chero are scheduled caste, found in the states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, in North India.
http://wn.com/Chero -
Cliff Richard
Sir Cliff Richard, OBE (born Harry Rodger Webb; 14 October 1940) is an English singer, musician, performer, actor, entrepreneur and philanthropist, who has sold over 260 million records worldwide in a career spanning 7 decades.
http://wn.com/Cliff_Richard -
Daryabadi
http://wn.com/Daryabadi -
Daulat Rao Sindhia
http://wn.com/Daulat_Rao_Sindhia -
Dharamvir Bharati
http://wn.com/Dharamvir_Bharati -
Dhyan Chand
'''Major Dhyan 'Chand' Singh (; August 29, 1905 – December 3, 1979), better known as Dhyan Chand''' () was an Indian hockey player, widely regarded as the greatest player of all time . A legendary center-forward, he is remembered for his goal-scoring feats, first as a player and later as captain. Chand won 3 Olympic gold medals (1928 Amsterdam, 1932 Los Angeles, 1936 Berlin) and was awarded the Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian honour, in 1956. He was the elder brother of fellow player Roop Singh.
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Dushyant Kumar
http://wn.com/Dushyant_Kumar -
Gautama Buddha
http://wn.com/Gautama_Buddha -
Girija Devi
Girija Devi (; IAST: ) (born 1929) is an Indian classical singer of the Banaras gharana. She performs classical and light classical music and has helped elevate the profile of thumri.
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Gondi people
http://wn.com/Gondi_people -
Gopal Shankar Misra
Gopal Shankar Misra (born 1957 in Kanpur, died August 13, 1999 in Bhopal) was an Indian musician and music teacher, who played the vichitra veena.
http://wn.com/Gopal_Shankar_Misra -
Govind Ballabh Pant
Bharat Ratna Pandit Govind Ballabh Pant (September 10, 1887 - March 7, 1961) was a statesman of India, an , and one of the foremost political leaders from Uttarakhand (then in United Provinces) and of the movement to establish Hindi as the national language of India.
http://wn.com/Govind_Ballabh_Pant -
Hanuman
Hanuman (, IAST: , , , , , , , ) is a Hindu deity, who is an ardent devotee of Rama, a central character in the Indian epic Ramayana. A general among the vanaras, an ape-like race of forest-dwellers, Hanuman is an incarnation of the divine, whose fate it is to aid the hero Rama in the struggle against the demon king Ravana.
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Hemu
http://wn.com/Hemu -
Hun
http://wn.com/Hun -
Hunter-gatherer
A hunter-gatherer society is one whose primary subsistence method involves the direct procurement of edible plants and animals from the wild, foraging and hunting without significant recourse to the domestication of either. Up to 80% of the food is obtained by gathering.
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Indira Gandhi
http://wn.com/Indira_Gandhi -
Jaishankar Prasad
http://wn.com/Jaishankar_Prasad -
Jawaharlal Nehru
http://wn.com/Jawaharlal_Nehru -
Kishan Maharaj
http://wn.com/Kishan_Maharaj -
Kol people
The Kol people is a generic name for the Munda, Ho, and Oraon tribes (Adivasi) of eastern India who live in the states of Jharkhand, Orissa, and West Bengal, and spread over into parts of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Assam, Tripura, Bangladesh, and Nepal.
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Korwa people
Korba people are one of the schedule tribes of India. They live in hills and forest of Chhotanagpur; the bordering area of Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand. They are socially and economically poor (it is estimated that 60% of Korwa people are below the poverty line) and outsiders often look down on them because of this. A small number of Korba are also found in the Mirzapur District of Uttar Pradesh. The Indian Government has implemented several facilities for them, such as roads to their settlements, boys hostels for education, providing agricultural aid, etc.
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Kuru (India)
http://wn.com/Kuru_(India) -
Lal Bahadur Shastri
Lal Bahadur Shrivastav Shastri (, pronounced ; 2 October 1904 - 11 January 1966) was the second Prime Minister of the Republic of India and a significant figure in the Indian independence movement.
http://wn.com/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri -
Laxmi Raman Acharya
Laxmi Raman Acharya was born on 2 November 1914 in Alwar, Rajasthan as the eldest son of Late Shri Rewati Raman Acharya who was a revenue minister in the princely state of Alwar and later on quit his high profile position due to the British leaning of the King and joined the Indian National Congress.
http://wn.com/Laxmi_Raman_Acharya -
Madan Mohan Malviya
http://wn.com/Madan_Mohan_Malviya -
Mahadevi Varma
http://wn.com/Mahadevi_Varma -
Mahajanapada
http://wn.com/Mahajanapada -
Maithili Sharan Gupt
http://wn.com/Maithili_Sharan_Gupt -
Mangal Pandey
http://wn.com/Mangal_Pandey -
Maratha
http://wn.com/Maratha -
Mulayam Singh Yadav
Mulayam Singh Yadav (born November 22, 1939) is an Indian politician and has influence mainly in Uttar Pradesh state of India. He has been the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, and once Defence Minister of India.
http://wn.com/Mulayam_Singh_Yadav -
Mumtaz Mahal
http://wn.com/Mumtaz_Mahal -
Naushad Ali
http://wn.com/Naushad_Ali -
Nawab of Awadh
|align="right"
http://wn.com/Nawab_of_Awadh -
Nawab of Oudh
http://wn.com/Nawab_of_Oudh -
Nehru
http://wn.com/Nehru -
Pandit Ravi Shankar
http://wn.com/Pandit_Ravi_Shankar -
Radha
http://wn.com/Radha -
Rahul Sankrityayan
http://wn.com/Rahul_Sankrityayan -
Rajiv Gandhi
http://wn.com/Rajiv_Gandhi -
Rama
http://wn.com/Rama -
Salim Chisti
http://wn.com/Salim_Chisti -
Shah Jehan
http://wn.com/Shah_Jehan -
Sher Shah Suri
http://wn.com/Sher_Shah_Suri -
Shubha Mudgal
Shubha Mudgal (born 1959) is a well-known Indian singer of Hindustani classical music, Khayal, Thumri, Dadra, and popular Indian Pop music.
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Shuja-ud-Daula
Shuja-ud-Daula (, lang-ur|)(b. - d.)
http://wn.com/Shuja-ud-Daula -
Siddheshwari Devi
http://wn.com/Siddheshwari_Devi -
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
http://wn.com/Sir_Syed_Ahmed_Khan -
Swaminarayan
http://wn.com/Swaminarayan -
T. V. Rajeswar
T. V. Rajeswar (born 28 August 1926, Salem, Tamil Nadu) is a former Indian Police Service officer, former Intelligence Bureau chief and former Governor of Sikkim, West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh.
http://wn.com/T_V_Rajeswar -
Tharu people
The Tharu people is an Asian ethnic group indigenous to the Terai, the southern foothills of the Himalayas in Nepal and India.
http://wn.com/Tharu_people -
Ustad Bismillah Khan
http://wn.com/Ustad_Bismillah_Khan -
V.P. Singh
http://wn.com/VP_Singh -
Vibhuti Narain Rai
Vibhuti Narain Rai (28 November 1951) did M.A. in English Literature from Allahabad University in the year 1971. He joined Indian Police Service in 1975 and was allotted Uttar Pradesh cadre. He served many sensitive districts as Superintendent of Police.
http://wn.com/Vibhuti_Narain_Rai -
Wajid Ali Shah
Wajid Ali Shah (, lang-ur|) (b. 30 July 1822 - d. 1 September 1887)
http://wn.com/Wajid_Ali_Shah
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Visit of the city of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:32
- Updated: 03 Jul 2012
nazariaproduction.wordpress.com The city of Nababs
http://wn.com/Visit_of_the_city_of_Lucknow,_Uttar_Pradesh,_India
2437 murders in 6 months, Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Akhilesh Yadav admits crisis
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:07
- Updated: 23 Oct 2012
Akhilesh Yadav has completed six months as the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh. But the initial euphoria has been replaced by a fear of the return of 'gunda raj' and the Chief Minister has himself admitted that the state's law and order is in a mess. ibnlive.com
http://wn.com/2437_murders_in_6_months,_Uttar_Pradesh_Chief_Minister_Akhilesh_Yadav_admits_crisis
Behind the Scheme: MGNREGA in Uttar Pradesh
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 17:41
- Updated: 23 Oct 2012
The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) 2005 entitles every adult in rural households to 100 days of minimum wage employment. It is the first of its kind globally. Six years since its initiation, the scheme stutters and stumbles in the midst of Uttar Pradesh socio-political commotions.
http://wn.com/Behind_the_Scheme_MGNREGA_in_Uttar_Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh: Dengue on the rise
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:40
- Updated: 27 Oct 2012
Uttar Pradesh: Dengue on the rise. For more info log on to: www.youtube.com/abpnewsTV
http://wn.com/Uttar_Pradesh_Dengue_on_the_rise
Cabinet reshuffle: Andhra Pradesh takes the cake - NewsX
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:59
- Updated: 29 Oct 2012
With 11 ministers, Andhra Pradesh takes the cake in the reshuffle of the Union Cabinet as it overtook Uttar Pradesh, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Rajasthan in its strength in the government. In fact, there are not only five additions from the southern state but one minister has been elevated to Cabinet rank, among the total of 22 inductions and promotions made. Andhra Pradesh, which has witnessed turmoil over the Telangana issue and the emergence of YSR Congress, now also boasts of having the largest number of Cabinet ministers - four. It is the only major state where Congress is in power on the basis of its own strength. With Congress performing laudably during polls, the state has contributed significantly towards UPA coming to power in 2004 and 2009. For more log on to www.newsx.com
http://wn.com/Cabinet_reshuffle_Andhra_Pradesh_takes_the_cake_NewsX
No right for the dead in Uttar Pradesh?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:46
- Updated: 19 Oct 2012
It is the responsibility of the state to perform the last rites of unclaimed bodies but in the Gonda and Basti districts of Uttar Pradesh, bodies are dragged, kicked around and dumped in the open and in some cases, eaten away by the dogs.
http://wn.com/No_right_for_the_dead_in_Uttar_Pradesh?
Rivers swell in Uttar Pradesh
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:58
- Updated: 07 Aug 2012
Lucknow: Erosion due to swollen rivers in the eastern districts of Uttar Pradesh has sent the alarm bell ringing, forcing people of several villages to seek shelter at safer places. For more info log on to: www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Rivers_swell_in_Uttar_Pradesh
Akhilesh Yadav takes charge as youngest Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:04
- Updated: 16 Mar 2012
Samajwadi Party leader Akhilesh Yadav on Thursday took his oath to office in Lucknow to become the youngest Chief Minister of India's largest state, Uttar Pradesh. A total of 47 ministers have sworn in, including 19 Cabinet ministers and 28 MOS, along with Akhilesh Yadav. ibnlive.com
http://wn.com/Akhilesh_Yadav_takes_charge_as_youngest_Uttar_Pradesh_Chief_Minister
Uttar Pradesh Minister Shri Azam Khan addressing press conference at NIET in Greater Noida on 28Apr12
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:59
- Updated: 12 Oct 2012
http://wn.com/Uttar_Pradesh_Minister_Shri_Azam_Khan_addressing_press_conference_at_NIET_in_Greater_Noida_on_28Apr12
Salman Khan Comes To Uttar Pradesh!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:19
- Updated: 27 Sep 2012
Bollywood's much awaited film of the year 'Dabangg 2' is on its way to UP for its next shooting schedule. According to sources from the state, Arbaaz Khan Productions sought the government's green signal to "commence shooting in the beautiful city". For more Bollywood: Log on to www.businessofcinema.com Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: www.twitter.com
http://wn.com/Salman_Khan_Comes_To_Uttar_Pradesh!
Clashes in Noida, Uttar Pradesh
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:15
- Updated: 10 Sep 2012
Residents of Haibatpur village clash with police, resort to stone pelting. Clashes after Noida authority officials attempted to remove unauthorised construction.
http://wn.com/Clashes_in_Noida,_Uttar_Pradesh
BSP demands President's rule in Uttar Pradesh - NewsX
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:07
- Updated: 27 Jul 2012
A delegation led by BSP leader Swami Prasad Maurya as well as the state BSP President met the Uttar Pradesh governor today. They have demanded for President's rule to be imposed in UP and armed forces to guard all Mayawati statues in the state. They also want action against culprits who vandalised Mayawati's statue in Lucknow on Thursday, to be brought to book as soon as possible. For more log on to www.newsx.com
http://wn.com/BSP_demands_President's_rule_in_Uttar_Pradesh_NewsX
BSP-SP MLAs clash in Uttar Pradesh assembly - NewsX
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:01
- Updated: 11 Oct 2012
BSP has boycotted first day of assembly session shouting slogans of 'goondaraj by Samajwadi Party'. SP and BSP MLAs have clashed in the assembly. BSP MLAs were shouting slogan against Chief Minister Akhilesh Yadav. For more log onto - alpha.newsx.com
http://wn.com/BSP-SP_MLAs_clash_in_Uttar_Pradesh_assembly_NewsX
Uttar Pradesh: Girl burnt alive by molesters
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:36
- Updated: 23 Apr 2012
In a shocker from Bareilly in Uttar Pradesh, an 18-year-old girl was allegedly burnt alive by four boys who had earlier molested her. The incident occurred after the parents of the victim had filed a molestation case and the police released one of them after arresting him. ibnlive.com
http://wn.com/Uttar_Pradesh_Girl_burnt_alive_by_molesters
Arvind Kejriwal and Manish Sisodia on 2nd day of Uttar Pradesh Volunteer meeting
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 28:48
- Updated: 19 Oct 2012
Arvind Kejriwal and Manish Sisodia clarify doubts and give detail on the future path on 2nd day of Uttar Pradesh Volunteer meeting
http://wn.com/Arvind_Kejriwal_and_Manish_Sisodia_on_2nd_day_of_Uttar_Pradesh_Volunteer_meeting
Uttar Pradesh Government official asking for bribe | Watch Here (Part1)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:46
- Updated: 15 Jul 2012
http://wn.com/Uttar_Pradesh_Government_official_asking_for_bribe_|_Watch_Here_Part1
Drought: Debt killing Uttar Pradesh farmers
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:50
- Updated: 04 Aug 2012
As India faces partial drought, CNN-IBN visits Bundelkhand in Uttar Pradesh where over 90 per cent of the farmers are now debt ridden and at the mercy of moneylenders after banks fail them yet again. ibnlive.com
http://wn.com/Drought_Debt_killing_Uttar_Pradesh_farmers
Uttar Pradesh DIG advocates honour killing - NewsX
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 32:24
- Updated: 09 May 2012
NewsX@9 is a NewsX special programme where we debate main news event of the day. This edition of NewsX@9 debates on the sorry state of affairs in Uttar Pradesh. A top-ranking police official in Uttar Pradesh has sparked a controversy by openly advocating honour killings. The official was caught on camera saying that if his own sister ever eloped he would kill her or commit suicide. The statement sparking outrage across the country even as the SP government remains mum. Watch these debates on NewsX special show NewsX@9. For more log onto- alpha.newsx.com
http://wn.com/Uttar_Pradesh_DIG_advocates_honour_killing_NewsX
Acharya Dharmendra ji maharaj in uttar pradesh, it is video of nov 2010 when mayavati was cm of UP
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:32
- Updated: 04 Oct 2012
Acharya Dharmendra ji maharaj in uttar pradesh, it is video of nov 2010 when mayavati was cm of UP, maharaj ji ki bhavishyavaani muslim samaj ki soch par bilkul saty siddh huee
http://wn.com/Acharya_Dharmendra_ji_maharaj_in_uttar_pradesh,_it_is_video_of_nov_2010_when_mayavati_was_cm_of_UP
![[HQ] Dr. Kumar Vishwas in a mushaira in Mahmudabad (Uttar Pradesh)](http://web.archive.org./web/20121029125312im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/g0teu6gFrBs/default.jpg "[HQ] Dr. Kumar Vishwas in a mushaira in Mahmudabad (Uttar Pradesh)")
[HQ] Dr. Kumar Vishwas in a mushaira in Mahmudabad (Uttar Pradesh)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 37:31
- Updated: 28 Oct 2012
http://wn.com/_HQ_Dr_Kumar_Vishwas_in_a_mushaira_in_Mahmudabad_Uttar_Pradesh
Akhilesh Yadav to be next Uttar Pradesh CM -NewsX
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:54
- Updated: 11 Mar 2012
Akhilesh Yadav will be the next Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh. Samajwadi Party leader Azam khan has proposed Akhilesh Yadav's name for the Chief Ministers's post. His name as Chief Minister is unanimously backed by samajwadi Party MLAs. For more info log onto: alpha.newsx.com
http://wn.com/Akhilesh_Yadav_to_be_next_Uttar_Pradesh_CM_-NewsX
BJP Press: Riots in Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh: Sh. Prakash Javadekar: 26.10.2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 20:51
- Updated: 29 Oct 2012
http://wn.com/BJP_Press_Riots_in_Faizabad,_Uttar_Pradesh_Sh_Prakash_Javadekar_26102012
UPNS, Uttar Pradesh Navnirman Sena OFFICIAL VIDEO
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:43
- Updated: 29 Jul 2012
"We damaged a statue of the former CM and BSP president on Thursday in Lucknow. we have no regrets about it. We will continue demolishing other statues of her"
http://wn.com/UPNS,_Uttar_Pradesh_Navnirman_Sena_OFFICIAL_VIDEO
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26 Oct 2012
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Indian Prime Minister Reshuffles Cabinet
29 Oct 2012
Voa News
NEW DELHI — India’s prime minister has overhauled his cabinet in a bid to repair the image of his government, tarnished by corruption scandals and complaints of poor governance. However, Rahul Gandhi, the son of Congress Party president, Sonia Gandhi, who is widely seen as a future prime...(size: 3.6Kb)
Modi lashes out at PM
29 Oct 2012
Deccan Chronicle
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Newstrack India
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Narendra Modi lashes out at Manmohan
29 Oct 2012
The Hindu
Bringing the Prime Minister again in the line of fire, Narendra Modi on Monday said he is “maun (silent) Mohan Singh” who shows no concern over rising prices and plight of the poor people. “On Sunday Maun mohan Singh had visited Himachal Pradesh and on Monday the biggest news in...(size: 4.7Kb)
Narendra Modi lashes out at PM 'Maun'mohan Singh
29 Oct 2012
DNA India
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Indian Express
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29 Oct 2012
Indian Express
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Congress legislator in Andhra joins YSR party
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Indian Express
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| Uttar Pradesh U.P. |
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|---|---|
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| Coordinates (Lucknow): 26°51′N 80°55′E / 26.85°N 80.91°E / 26.85; 80.91Coordinates: 26°51′N 80°55′E / 26.85°N 80.91°E / 26.85; 80.91 | |
| Country |  India |
| Region | Awadh, Baghelkhand, Braj, Bundelkhand, Purvanchal, RohilKhand, Indo-Gangetic Plain |
| Established | Modern : 1805 (as Ceded and Conquered Provinces. ) |
| History |
Summary
|
| Capital | Lucknow |
| Largest City | Kanpur |
| Districts | 75 total |
| Government | |
| • Body | Government of India, Government of Uttar Pradesh |
| • Governor | Banwari Lal Joshi |
| • Chief Minister | Akhilesh Yadav (SP) |
| • Legislature | Bicameral (404 + 108 seats) |
| • Parliamentary constituency | 80 |
| • High Court | Allahabad High Court |
| Area | |
| • Total | 243,286 km2 (93,933 sq mi) |
| Area rank | 5th |
| Population (2011)[1][2] | |
| • Total | 199,581,000 |
| • Rank | 1st |
| • Density | 820/km2 (2,100/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Uttarpradeshi, UPite, UPian, North Indian, Uttar Bhartiya |
| Time zone | IST (UTC+05:30) |
| UN/LOCODE | INUP |
| Vehicle registration | UP XX XXXX |
| HDI |  0.490 (medium) |
| HDI rank | 32nd (2005) |
| Literacy | 69.72% (29th) 79.24% (male) 59.26% (female) |
| Official language | Hindi, Urdu |
| Website | upgov.nic.in |
Uttar Pradesh /ˌʌtər prəˈdɛʃ/, abbreviation U.P. ("Northern Province"; formerly: United Provinces), is a state located in the north western part of India. With a population of over 200 million people,[2] it is India's most populous state, as well as the world's most populous sub-national entity. Were it a nation in its own right, Uttar Pradesh would be the world's fifth most populous country, ahead of Brazil (a country thirty-five times larger in territorial area than Uttar Pradesh).[3][4] On 9 November 2000, the Himalayan portion of the state, comprising the Garhwal and Kumaon divisions and Haridwar district, was formed into a new state 'Uttaranchal', now called Uttarakhand, meaning the 'Northern Segment' state.
Uttar Pradesh is the second largest state-economy in India, with a GDP of $103.5 billion in 2009. The annual per capita GDP of the state was $1586 in 2009, on purchasing power parity basis.[5] It contributed 8.34% to India's total GDP in the financial year 2010.[6] Agriculture is a significant part of UP's economy. The state was India's sixth largest producer of fruits, and became the largest producer of vegetables in 2010.[7] With an area of 93,933 sq mi (243,290 km2), Uttar Pradesh covers a large part of the highly fertile and densely populated upper Gangetic plain. It shares an international border with Nepal to the north. Other states along Uttar Pradesh's border include Uttarakhand, Haryana and Delhi to the north and northwest; Rajasthan on the west; Madhya Pradesh on the south; Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand on the south east; and Bihar on the east.
Uttar Pradesh has been one of the cultural hubs of India. The state has several religiously significant sites, both to Hinduism and Buddhism. It has served as a melting pot of Indo-Islamic syncretic culture of the medieval period. The state is home to many historical and culturally important cities. Throughout its history, the region of Uttar Pradesh was sometimes divided between smaller kingdoms and at other times formed an important part of larger empires that arose on its east or west, including the Magadha, Nanda, Mauryan, Sunga, Kushan, Gupta, Gurjara, Rashtrakuta, Pala and Mughal empires. In modern times, the state has shown a strong tradition for a secular democracy, electing people from different religions, minorities and castes to its highest offices. Since 1950, the state has elected, on four occasions, a chief minister from the minority, Dalit community.[8][9]
Contents |
History[link]
Main article: History of Uttar Pradesh
Evolution of the state[link]
The area has undergone several name changes and territorial demarcations since the early 19th century, i.e., after the British East India Company had established its supremacy in the Gangetic plains. In 1833 the then Bengal Presidency of the Company was divided into two parts, one of which became Presidency of Agra; in 1836 the Agra area was named North-Western Provinces and placed under a Lieutenant Governor by the Company. In 1877, the two provinces of Agra and Oudh (Oudh was occupied by the Company in 1858), were placed under one Colonial administrator of the British Crown; he was called Lieutenant Governor of the North-Western Provinces and Chief Commissioner of Oudh. In 1902 the name was changed to United Provinces of Agra and Oudh with Lieutenant Governor of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh as administrator; in 1921 Lieutenant Governorship was elevated to Governorship and the name of the province was changed to United Provinces of British India. On 1 April 1937, the name was shortened to United Provinces. On independence from the British colonial rule in 1947, the princely states of Rampur, Benares and Tehri-Garwal were merged into the United Provinces. In 1950, the name of United Provinces was changed to Uttar Pradesh.
Prehistory, legends and ancient period[link]
Archeological finds in Uttar Pradesh confirm presence of Stone Age Homo sapiens hunter-gatherers in Chhatarpalia, Mahugarh, Parisdhia, Lalitpur, Nihi and Gopipur,[10][11][12][13] between 85±11 and 72±8 kyr (thousand years ago) before present (BP); Middle Paleolithic and later the Upper Paleolithic artefacts dated at 21–31 kyr BP;[14] Mesolithic/Microlithic hunter-gatherer's settlement, near Pratapgarh, around 10550–9550 BCE;[15] villages, domesticated cattle, sheep or goats and evidence of plants and agriculture as early as 6000 BCE – although, most dates range between c. 4000 and 1500 BCE – thus initiating a sequence which extends into the Iron Age,[16][17][18] beginning from Indus Valley Civilization and Harappa Culture finds in the Saharanpur division through the Vedic period.
The ancient Mahajanapada era kingdom of Kosala in Ayodhya – where, according to Hindu legend, the divine king Rama of the Ramayana epic reigned – was located here. Krishna – another divine king of Hindu legend, who plays a key role in the Mahabharata epic and is revered as the eighth reincarnation (Avatar) of Hindu god Vishnu – is believed to be born in the city of Mathura. The aftermath of Mahabharata war is believed to have taken place in the area between the Doab region of Western Uttar Pradesh and Delhi, (in what was Kuru Mahajanapada), during the reign of the Pandava king Yudhishtira. The kingdom of the Kurus[19] corresponds to the Black and Red Ware and Painted Gray Ware culture and the beginning of the Iron Age in Northwestern India, around 1000 BCE. The revered Swaminarayan – mentioned in the Brahma Purana and Vishwaksena Samhita as the manifestation of God – was born in the village of Chhapaiya.
Most of the empire building invasions of North India, from the east as well as the west, passed through the vast swathe of Gangetic plains of what today is Uttar Pradesh. Control over this region was of vital importance to the power and stability of all of India's major empires, including the Mauryan (320–200 BCE), Kushan (100–250 CE) and Gupta (350–600 CE) Gurjara-Pratihara (650–1036 CE) empires.
Following the Hun invasions that broke Guptas' empire, the Ganges-Yamuna Doab saw the rise of Kannauj. During the reign of Harshavardhana (590–647 CE), the Kannauj empire was at its zenith; spanning from Punjab and Gujarat to Bengal and Orissa – and parts of central India, north of the Narmada River – it encompassed the entire Indo-Gangetic plain. A patron of Buddhism and the University at Nalanda, Harsha organised theological debates and also patronised art and literature. A noted author on his own merit, he wrote three Sanskrit plays. Many communities in various parts of India boast of being descendants of migrants from Kannauj, reflecting its glory in the past.[20] Soon after Harshavardhana's death, his empire disintegrated into many kingdoms, to be invaded and ruled mostly by Gurjar Pratiharass, who also challenged Bengal's mighty Pala Empire's control of the region.
Medieval[link]
The fall of the post-Harshavardhana Gurjar Pratihara Empire of north India came when the Turko-Afghan Muslim rulers moved into present day Uttar Pradesh. Much of the state formed part of the various Indo-Islamic empires (Sultanates) after 1000 CE and was ruled from their capital, Delhi.
Later, in Mughal times, U.P. became the heartland of their vast empire; they called the place Hindustan, which is used to this day as the name for India in several languages. Mughal rulers Babur and Humanyun had their capital in Delhi. In 1540 an Afghan, Sher Shah Suri, took the reigns of U.P. after defeating Humanyun, the Mughal king, who ran away to Kabul. Sher Shah's son, Islam Shah, ruled Uttar Pradesh from their capital at Gwalior. After the death of Islam Shah, his prime minister Hemu became the de facto ruler of U.P., Bihar, MP and western parts of Bengal. Hemu had won in all 22 battles spanning entire North India. He defeated Emperor Akbar's forces at Agra and Delhi and established Hindu Raj (which lasted one month) in U.P. on 7 October 1556. He was bestowed the title of Vikramaditya at his coronation or Rajyabhishake at Purana Quila in Delhi and was titled as Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya. Hemu died in the Second Battle of Panipat, and U.P. came under Emperor Akbar's rule. Agra and Fatehpur Sikri were the capitals of Emperor Akbar. At its zenith, the Mughal Empire covered almost the entire Indian subcontinent (including present day Afghanistan, Pakistan and Bangladesh), which was ruled at different times from Delhi, Agra and Allahabad.
When the Mughal Empire disintegrated, their last territory remained confined to the Doab region of Hindustan and Delhi. Other areas of Hindustan (U.P.) were now ruled by different rulers: Awadh was ruled by the Nawabs of Awadh, The Marathas were requested by Safdarjung, the Nawab of Oudh, in 1752 to help him defeat Afghani Rohilla. The Maratha force left Poona and defeated Afghan Rohilla in 1752, capturing the whole of Rohilkhand (present-day northwestern Uttar Pradesh).[21][22] A treaty signed in 1752 made Marathas the protector of the Mughal throne at Delhi.[23] In 1803, during the Second Anglo-Maratha War, the forces of British East India Company defeated the Maratha forces in the Battle of Delhi, ending the Maratha rule over UP.[24]
Modern-colonial[link]
Starting from Bengal in the later half of the 18th century, a series of battles for North Indian lands finally gave the British East India Company accession over this state's territories. Following the British victory in Second Anglo-Maratha War, Daulat Rao Sindhia of the Maratha Empire, signed the Treaty of Surji-Anjangaon with the British and ceded to the British, the Ganges-Jumna Doab, the Delhi-Agra region, parts of Bundelkhand, Broach, etc. When the Company included Ajmer and Jaipur kingdoms in this northern territory, they named it the "North-Western Provinces" (of Agra). Today, the area may seem large compared to several of the Republic of India's present 'mini-states' – no more than the size of earlier 'divisions' of the British era – but at the time it was one of the smallest British provinces. Its capital shifted twice between Agra and Allahabad.
Due to dissatisfaction with British rule, a serious rebellion erupted in various parts of North India; Meerut cantonment's sepoy, Mangal Pandey, is widely credited as its starting point. It came to be known as the Indian Rebellion of 1857. After the revolt failed the British attempted to divide the most rebellious regions by reorganising the administrative boundaries of the region, splitting the Delhi region from ‘NWFP of Agra’ and merging it with Punjab, while the Ajmer- Marwar region was merged with Rajputana and Oudh was incorporated into the state. The new state was called the 'North Western Provinces of Agra and Oudh', which in 1902 was renamed as the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. It was commonly referred to as the United Provinces or its acronym UP.
In 1920, the capital of the province was shifted from Allahabad to Lucknow. The high court continued to be at Allahabad, but a bench was established at Lucknow. Allahabad continues to be an important administrative base of today's Uttar Pradesh and has several administrative headquarters.
Uttar Pradesh continued to be central to Indian politics and was especially important in modern Indian history as a hotbed of both the Indian Independence Movement and the Pakistan Movement. Nationally known figures such as Jawaharlal Nehru were among the leaders of the movement in UP. The All India Kisan Sabha (AIKS) was formed at the Lucknow session of the Indian National Congress on 11 April 1936 with the legendary nationalist Swami Sahajanand Saraswati elected as its first President,[25] in order to address the long standing grievances of the peasantry and mobilise them against the zamindari landlords' attacks on their occupancy rights, thus sparking the Farmers' movements in India.[26][27]
During the Quit India Movement of 1942, Ballia district overthrew the colonial authority and installed an independent administration under Chittu Pandey. Ballia became known then as Baghi Ballia (Rebel Ballia) for this significant contribution in India's freedom movement.
Post-independence[link]
After independence, the state was renamed Uttar Pradesh ("northern province") by its first chief minister, Govind Ballabh Pant. Pant was well acquainted with and close to Jawaharlal Nehru (the first Prime Minister of free India) and was also popular in the Congress Party. He established such a good reputation in Lucknow that Nehru called him to Delhi, the capital and seat of Central Government of the country, to make him Home Minister of India in 27 December 1954. He was succeeded by Dr. Sampoornanand, a classicist Sanskrit scholar. Following a political crisis in Uttar Pradesh, initiated by Kamlapati Tripathi and C.B.Gupta, Sampurnanand was asked to resign as CM in 1960 and sent to Rajasthan as the Governor of Rajasthan, paving the way for Gupta and Tripathi to become Chief Ministers.
Sucheta Kripalani served as India's first woman chief minister from October 1963 until March 1967, when a two-month long strike by state employees caused her to step down. After her, Chandra Bhanu Gupta assumed the office of Chief Minister with Laxmi Raman Acharya as Finance Minister, but the government lasted for only two years due to the confusion and chaos which ended only with the defection of Charan Singh from the Congress with a small set of legislators. He set up a party called the Jana Congress, which formed the first non-Congress government in U.P. and ruled for over a year.
Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna was chief minister for Congress Party government for part of the 1970s. He was dismissed by the Central Government headed by Indira Gandhi, along with several other non-Congress chief ministers, shortly after the imposition of the widely unpopular Emergency, when Narain Dutt Tewari – later chief minister of Uttarakhand – became chief minister. The Congress Party lost heavily in 1977 elections, following the lifting of the Emergency, but romped back to power in 1980, when Mrs. Gandhi handpicked the man who would later become her son's principal opposition, V.P. Singh, to become Chief Minister.
Proposal to split into smaller states[link]
After the split of Uttarakhand in 2000, numerous groups have proposed that the state of Uttar Pradesh be further split into smaller states. Those who support this reorganisation argue this as a bid to improve governance of one of the poorest states in India. With a population greater than Brazil, and divergent needs of the population across the state, it is difficult to propose, agree on and then deliver on public policies necessary for inclusive growth of its citizens. The complicated federal structure of India, wherein many locally pressing development projects proposed by states such as Uttar Pradesh require central government approval, complicates matters and causes bureaucratic delays running into years.
Splitting the state into smaller states, these supporters claim, would foster development, decentralisation of power, and accountability. Those who oppose this initiative argue that the split is motivated by political needs.[28][29][30]
In November 2011, Uttar Pradesh chief minister Mayawati announced she would table the proposal to divide UP into four smaller states in the winter session of the state assembly starting 21 November. Her cabinet approved the proposal, and thereafter the democratically elected representatives of the state assembly approved the proposal to split the state into four smaller states.
The four parts will be Paschim Pradesh, Awadh Pradesh, Bundelkhand and Poorvanchal. The proposed new states are currently western UP, central UP, southwestern UP and eastern UP, respectively.[31]
Geography[link]
Main article: Geography of Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh shares an international boundary with Nepal and is bordered by the Indian states of Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Delhi, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Bihar. The state can be divided into two distinct hypsographical (altitude) regions. The larger Gangetic Plain region is in the north; it includes the Ganges-Yamuna Doab, the Ghaghra plains, the Ganges plains and the Terai. It has fertile alluvial soil and a flat topography (with a slope of 2 m/km) broken by numerous ponds, lakes and rivers. The smaller Vindhya Hills and plateau region is in the south. It is characterised by hard rock strata and a varied topography of hills, plains, valleys and plateaus; limited availability of water makes the region relatively arid. State has more than 32 large and small rivers; of them, the Ganges, Yamuna, Sarayu, Betwa and Ghaghara are larger and of religious importance in Hinduism.
Flora and fauna[link]
| Uttar Pradesh state symbols | |
|---|---|
| Animal | Swamp Deer |
| Bird | Sarus Crane |
| Dance | Kathak |
| Flower | Butea monosperma (Palash) |
| Language | Hindi |
| Sport | Field Hockey, Cricket, Kabaddi |
| Tree | Ashok, Mango |
Uttar Pradesh has 2.34[clarification needed] of its land under forest cover. In spite of rapid deforestation and the poaching of wild-life, a diverse flora and fauna exists. Several species of trees, large and small mammals, reptiles and insects are found in the belt of temperate upper mountainous forests; medicinal plants are also found wild, or are grown on plantations. The Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands support cattle. Moist deciduous trees grow in the upper Gangetic plain, including along its riverbanks. This plain supports a wide variety of plants and animals. The Ganges and its tributaries are the habitat of large and small reptiles, amphibians, fresh-water fish and crabs. Scrubland trees such as the babool and animals such as the chinkara are found in the arid Vindhyas.[32][33] The state’s important plants and animals include:
- Trees: pine, rhododendrons, silver fir, deodar, saal, oak, teak, sheesham, mango, neem, banyan, peepal, imli, jamun, mahua, semal, gular and dhak.
- Medicinal plants: hingan,[34] Dhak,[35] rauwolfia, sepentina, hexandrum and podophyllum.
- Large vertebrates: elephant, tiger, bear, neelgai, wild pig, deer, wolf, jackal, fox, langoor and porcupine. The swamp deer (Barasingha) is the state animal of Uttar Pradesh.
- Birds: peacock, grey quail, pigeon, swallow, maina, Indian parakeet, crow and duck. The saras (crane) is the state bird of Uttar Pradesh.
- Reptiles: crocodile, gharial, goh, snakes, chameleon and other lizards.
- Fish: Rohu, catla, khusa, parhan, patra, moi, korouch and singhi.
According to Hindu legend, Lord Rama’s warrior devotee Hanuman brought life-saving Sanjivani herbs from a mountain in Dronagiri (Dunagiri), Uttarakhand.
Climate[link]
Main article: Climate of Uttar Pradesh
The climate of Uttar Pradesh is predominantly subtropical; however, weather conditions change significantly with location and season:
- Temperature: Depending on the elevation, the average temperatures vary from between 12.5–17.5 °C (55–64 °F) in January to 27.5–32.5 °C (82–91 °F) in May and June. The highest temperature recorded in the state was 49.9 °C (121.8 °F) at Gonda on 8 May 1958.
- Rainfall: Rainfall in the state ranges from between 1,000–2,000 mm (39–79 in) in the east to 600–1,000 mm (24–39 in) in the west. About 90 percent of the rainfall occurs during the southwest monsoon, lasting from approximately June to September. With most of the rainfall concentrated during this four-month period, floods are a recurring problem and cause heavy damage to crops, life and property (particularly in the eastern part of the state, where the Himalayan-origin rivers flow with a very low north-south gradient).
- Droughts: The periodic failure of the monsoon results in drought conditions and crop failure.
[edit] Regions and Cities
Regions[link]
The state comprises several regions:
- The Doab region, which runs along UP’s western border from north to south. This region is divided into three zones:
- The Rohilkhand region in the north
- The Awadh (or Oudh), the historic country of Kosalas in the centre
- The northern parts of Bundelkhand in the south
- The northern parts of Bagelkhand in the southeast
- The southeastern part of the state, commonly called Purvanchal ("Eastern Province"), which is adjacent to the Bhojpur district of Bihar
Administrative divisions[link]
Main articles: Divisions of Uttar Pradesh and Districts of Uttar Pradesh
The state of Uttar Pradesh consists of 75 districts, which are grouped into eighteen divisions: Agra, Aligarh, Allahabad, Azamgarh, Bareilly, Basti, Chitrakoot, Devipatan, Faizabad, Gorakhpur, Jhansi, Kanpur, Lucknow, Meerut, Mirzapur, Moradabad, Saharanpur and Varanasi.
Cities[link]
This Indian state has more metropolitan cities than any other state in India. The absolute urban population of the state is 44.4 million, which constitutes the second largest share of urban population of India (11.8%).[36] As per 2011 census, there are 15 urban agglomerations with a population greater than 5 lakhs. There are 14 municipal corporations, while Noida is especially administered by a statuary authority. The cities covered under Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission are: Kanpur, Lucknow, Allahabad, Varanasi, Agra, Meerut and Mathura.
Many cities are developing at avery high rate, Specially administrated Noida, Municipal Corporations of Ghaziabad, Aligarh, Meerut, Bareilly and Moradabad and Municipal Councils of Mathura, Muzaffarnagar, Budaun, Raebareli and Rampur have shown a great increment in their populations in last decade.
| List of major metropolitan areas in Uttar Pradesh | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | City | Region | Population | Area (km sq.)
|
|
| 1 | Kanpur | Awadh | 2,920,067 | 450 | |
| 2 | Lucknow | Awadh | 2,901,474 | 400 | |
| 3 | Ghaziabad | Pashchimanchal | 2,358,525 | 310 | |
| 4 | Agra | Pashchimanchal | 1,746,467 | 300 | |
| 5 | Varanasi | Purvanchal | 1,435,113 | 280 | |
| 6 | Meerut | Pashchimanchal | 1,424,908 | 230 | |
| 7 | Allahabad | Purvanchal | 1,216,719 | 180 | |
| 8 | Bareilly | Pashchimanchal | 1,200,933 | 150 | |
| 9 | Aligarh | Pashchimanchal | 909,559 | 110 | |
| 10 | Moradabad | Pashchimanchal | 889,810 | 120 | |
| 11 | Saharanpur | Pashchimanchal | 703,345 | 100 | |
| 12 | Gorakhpur | Purvanchal | 692,519 | 100 | |
| 13 | Noida | Pashchimanchal | 642,381 | 80 | |
| 14 | Mathura | Pashchimanchal | 564,797 | 80 | |
| 15 | Jhansi | Bundelkhand | 549,391 | 70 | |
| 16 | Muzaffarnagar | Pashchimanchal | 494,792 | 80 | |
| 17 | Budaun | Pashchimanchal | 461,887 | 100 | |
| 18 | Shahjahanpur | Pashchimanchal | 408,391 | 70 | |
| Source: 2011 Census of India[36] | |||||
| This is a list of city populations which are urban agglomeration populations | |||||
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Demographics[link]
Main article: Demographics of Uttar Pradesh
| Population Growth | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1951 | 60,274,000 |
|
|
| 1961 | 70,144,000 | 16.4% | |
| 1971 | 83,849,000 | 19.5% | |
| 1981 | 105,137,000 | 25.4% | |
| 1991 | 132,062,000 | 25.6% | |
| 2001 | 166,198,000 | 25.8% | |
| 2011 | 199,581,000 | 20.1% | |
| Source:Census of India[37] | |||
Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state in India, with a population of 199,581,477 million people as of 1 March 2011. If it were a separate country Uttar Pradesh would be the world's fifth-most-populous nation, trailing only China, India, the United States of America and Indonesia. As of the 2001 Indian census about 80 percent of Uttar Pradesh population is Hindu, while Muslims make up around 18.5 percent of the population. The remainder consists of Sikhs, Buddhists, Christians and Jains.[38]
The peripheral regions of Uttar Pradesh are home to a number of tribal communities such as the Agaria, Baiga, Bhar, Bhoksa, Bind, Chero, Gond, Kol and Korwa. Five of these tribal communities have been recognised by the Government of India as disadvantaged scheduled tribes: the Tharus, Boksas, Bhotia, Jaunsari people and Raji people.[39]
Politics[link]
Main article: Government of Uttar Pradesh
The electoral constituencies. Uttar Pradesh is one of India's bellwether states with a population of 200 million, similar to that of Brazil. Uttar Pradesh is often regarded as India's under-achiever; it has provided India with eight prime ministers, but remains a poor and backward state.
[edit] 2007 state elections
In this election Mayawati's Bahujan Samaj Party achieved unexpected majority status, leading to her emergence as chief minister of Uttar Pradesh. This was the first time since the 1991 majority victory of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) that a single party has won an absolute majority. Former Chief Minister Mulayam Singh Yadav's Samajwadi Party stood second with 97 seats.
Mayawati (having won 206 seats) took the oath of secrecy for the post of UP's next chief minister on 13 May 2007, becoming CM for the fourth time. Along with her 19 cabinet rank ministers, 21 ministers of state holding independent charge were also sworn in by Governor T. V. Rajeswar. Her cabinet colleagues included: Awadhpal Singh yadav, Badshah Singh, Nasimuddin Siddiqui, Rakesh Dhar Tripathi, Ratanlal Ahirwar and Sudhir Goyal.
[edit] 2012 state elections
Main article: Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly election, 2012
On 6 March 2012 the results for sixteenth legislative assembly elections were declared showing a clear majority to Samajwadi Party which won 224 seats of total 403 seats in Uttar Pradesh. Incumbent Bahujan Samaj Party was routed with 80 seats. BJP and INC managed 47 and 28 seats respectively.[40]
Political leadership[link]
The state has a record of providing national leadership. Eight of India's fourteen Prime Ministers are from Uttar Pradesh:
- Jawaharlal Nehru
- Lal Bahadur Shastri
- Indira Gandhi
- Rajiv Gandhi
- Choudhary Charan Singh
- Vishwanath Pratap Singh
- Chandra Shekhar
- Atal Bihari Vajpayee
At the lowest tier of the political pyramid the state has a large number of village councils (panchayats), which are similar to those found in other Indian states.
Education[link]
Main article: Education in Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh has a long tradition of learning, although it was primarily confined to the elite class and religious schools. Sanskrit-based education (learning from the Vedic to the Gupta periods), coupled with the later Pali body of knowledge and a store of ancient-to-medieval learning in Persian and Arabic, had formed the core of Hindu-Buddhist-Muslim education until the rise of British power. The present schools-to-university system of education owes its inception and development in the state (as in the rest of the country) to foreign Christian missionaries and the British colonial administration.
Banaras Hindu University (BHU) is a Central University in Varanasi.[41] It evolved from the Central Hindu College of Varanasi, envisioned as a Hindu university in April 1911 by Annie Wood Besant and Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya. BHU began on 1 October 1917, with the Central Hindu College as its first constituent college. Most of the money for the university came from Hindu princes, and its present 1,350-acre (5.5 km2) campus was built on land donated by the Kashi Naresh. Regarded as one of the largest residential universities in Asia,[42] it has more than 128 independent teaching departments; several of its colleges—including science, linguistics, law, engineering (IT-BHU) and medicine (IMS-BHU)—are ranked amongst the best in India.[43] The university's total enrolment stands at just over 15,000 (including international students). It is the only university in India hosting one of the IITs on its premises (IT-BHU), since 2010.[44]
The Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (established in 1959 in the industrial city of Kanpur, and now known as IIT-Kanpur or IITK) is one of the internationally respected Indian Institutes of Technology; it is primarily focused on undergraduate education in engineering and related science and technology, and research in these fields. It is among the few institutions which enjoys the status of an Institute of National Importance. IITK was the first college in India to offer education in computer science.
The Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology (RGIPT) in Jais, Raebareli was established by the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (MOP&NG) of the Government of India through an act of Parliament. RGIPT has been designated an Institute of National Importance, along with the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) and Indian Institute of Management (IIM). With deemed university status, the institute awards degrees in its own right. RGIPT is co-sponsored as an energy-domain-specific institute by six oil public-sector units (ONGC, IOCL, OIL, GAIL, BPCL and HPCL), in association with the Oil Industry Development Board (OIDB). The institute is associated with international universities and institutions specialising in petroleum technology.
The Indian Institute of Management Lucknow is among the premier management schools in the country. IIM Lucknow was established in 1984 by the government of India. It was the fourth Indian Institute of Management to be established in India, after IIM Calcutta, IIM Ahmedabad and IIM Bangalore. IIM Lucknow's 185-acre (75 ha) main campus is in Prabandh Nagar, about 21 kilometres (13 mi) from Lucknow railway station and 31 kilometres (19 mi) from Lucknow Airport. A second campus, focusing on executive programs, was established in Noida. According to the institute's website, IIM Lucknow is the first IIM in the country to establish a second campus.
The Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad (MNNIT) was formerly Motilal Nehru Regional Engineering College, Allahabad. It is among one of the leading institutes in the country, established in 1961 as a joint enterprise of the governments of India and Uttar Pradesh in accordance with the plan to establish regional engineering colleges. On 26 June 2002 the college became a deemed university and is now known as an Institute of National Importance. MNNIT was the first college in India to grant a Bachelor of Technology degree in computer science and engineering, and among the very few colleges in India to have a PARAM supercomputer.
Allahabad University (Hindi: इलाहाबाद विश्वविद्यालय) is a premier Central University located in Allahabad. Its origins lie in Muir Central College, named after Lt. Governor of North-Western Provinces Sir William Muir in 1876; Muir suggested a Central University at Allahabad, which later evolved into the present institution. At one point it was called the "Oxford of the East", and on 24 June 2005 its Central University status was restored through the University Allahabad Act, 2005 of the Parliament of India. It is the fourth-oldest university in the country.
The Aligarh Muslim University is a residential academic institution. This university is spread over an area of 1.5 square kilometres (370 acres). Modeled on the University of Cambridge, it was established by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan in 1875 as Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College and was granted the status of a Central University by an Act of Parliament in 1920. Located in the city of Aligarh, it was among the first institutions of higher learning established during the British Raj.
The Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad was established in 1999 by the government of India. The institute was conferred deemed-university status in 2000, empowering it to award degrees following the setting of its own examinations. The new campus has been developed on 100 acres (0.40 km2) of land at Deoghat, Jhalwa, on the outskirts of Allahabad. The campus and other buildings have been styled on patterns developed by mathematics professor Roger Penrose. IIITA offers a B.Tech degree in both Information Technology and Electronics and Communications Engineering. Admission is through the All India Engineering Entrance Examination (AIEEE). Foreign students are accepted based on SAT II scores. IIITA has an extension campus at Amethi, Sultanpur District (the Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Information Technology).
The Gautam Buddha Technical University is a well-known technical university, formerly known as Uttar Pradesh Technical University. It provides technical education, research and training in such programs as engineering, technology, architecture, town planning, pharmacy and applied arts and crafts which the central government decrees in consultation with All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE). There are five government engineering colleges of GBTU:
- Harcourt Butler Technological Institute, Kanpur
- Madan Mohan Malaviya Engineering College, Gorakhpur
- Institute of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow
- Kamla Nehru Institute of Technology, Sultanpur
- Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering & Technology, Janshi
Other schools in the state capital, Lucknow, include Colvin Taluqdars' College, St. Francis' College, Lucknow and La Martinière College. Secondary schools include the Loreto Convent, St Agnes' Loreto High School and City Montessori School.
A Government Degree College was set up by the government of Uttar Pradesh for providing higher education. At present, 137[45] Government Degree Colleges have been established by the state government. The UP government[46] administers, manages and controls these colleges through Department of Higher Education, Uttar Pradesh,[47] and follows the norms and regulations of the University Grants Commission, New Delhi.[48]
The Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow is one of the youngest central universities in the country. The jurisdiction of this residential university is over the entire state of Uttar Pradesh. The campus Vidya Vihar is located off Rae Bareli Road, about 10 km south of the Charbagh railway station in Lucknow. All courses offered by the university are postgraduate, innovative and non-traditional.
M.J.P. Rohilkhand University, established in 1975, has produced a large number of scholars and technocrats in various fields of the arts, science and technology; it has departments of management, engineering, the arts, science, law, education and technology. The university's Institute of Engineering and Technology was established in 1995, and it has a successful job-placement bureau throughout India for graduating students.
Economy[link]
Main article: Economy of Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh is the second largest state-economy in India, contributing 8.34 percent of India's total GDP. Uttar Pradesh had been developing at a very slow rate; however, during the 11th five-year plan (2007–2012) the state registered a 7.28 percent GDP growth rate (compared with a target of 6.10 percent) and was one of five states exceeding their growth-rate targets.[49] The rising GDP growth rate in UP is the result of the Mayawati government, which took power in 2007 and made significant changes to economic policy.[50] The government decided to promote Lucknow Metropolital Region as an IT destination similar to Noida. Some IT companies (such as Tata Consultancy Services, Aegis, Xerox, Wipro and many more) have located in Lucknow since 2008–2009.
The major economic activity in the state is agriculture; in 1991, 73 percent of the population was engaged in agriculture, and 46 percent of state income was provided by agriculture. UP has retained its preeminent position in the country as a food-surplus state.[citation needed]
Uttar Pradesh is home to the largest number of small-scale industrial units in the country, with 12 percent of over 2.3 million units.[51] However, industrial output has been adversely affected by erratic power supply from the UP State Electricity Board and remains below its full production capacity. The unavailability of raw materials at competitive prices is another problem. As in most parts of India, traders and middlemen make most of the profits while the working class lives at a subsistence level. Nevertheless, labour efficiency is higher in UP (at an index of 26) than the national average of 25.[51]
With a solid GDP of US$22 billion, Kanpur is the largest economic hub of Uttar Pradesh. Kanpur is also the economic capital also of Uttar Pradesh, and is the only city if the state listed as one of the "Top 10 Indian cities". Some of the important industrial hubs in the state are:
- Lucknow: World famous chikan/zardozi dress-manufacturing centre in the country, with strong auto-mobiles, engineering, chemical and other industries
- Kanpur: Largest shoe-manufacturing centre in the country, with strong leather and Gutkha paan masala industries, Packaging Industry, Plastic Industry, Textile Industry, Chemical Industry.
- NOIDA: Among the top IT (information technology) destinations of the country; Lucknow is an emerging one
- Meerut: A manufacturing centre of sporting goods, tools and gold ornaments, it is regularly listed among the top tax-paying cities in the country.[52]
- Mirzapur and Bhadohi: Manufacturing centres and worldwide exporters of carpets and cotton dhurries
- Moradabad: Production centre of traditional Moradabadi metalware; producer and exporter of stainless-steel utensils
- Aligarh: Manufacturing hub of brass, zinc, aluminium, iron door fittings and padlocks, which are exported worldwide
- Agra: Visited by more than 8 million domestic and 825,000 foreign tourists in 2006 (followed by Varanasi, Lucknow, Allahabad, Vrindaban, Budaun and Mathura. Agra is also known for its handicrafts, gold jewellery and small-scale industries.
Sonebhadra, a district in eastern Uttar Pradesh, has large-scale industries; its southern region, known as the "Energy Capital Of India", has more than a dozen power plants of UPRVUNL and NTPC around the Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar which produce more than 10,000 MW of electricity (the largest in India, after Dadri in western Uttar Pradesh. NCL has its headquarters in this region and is planning to build two power plants, each with an installed capacity of 1,000 MW. The region has a private airport at Muirpur owned by Hindalco, a subsidiary of the Aditya Birla Group.
The economy is gearing itself to cater to contemporary Western tastes and the lifestyle of upper-class Uttar Pradeshis; shopping malls are being built in large cities to satisfy their needs. The economy also benefits from the state's tourist industry.
Transportation[link]
File:Bridge2.JPG
Second Yamuna Bridge, Allahabad
File:Kanpur Central.jpg
Kanpur Central (CNB), largest railway station of the North Central Railways
The state has a large, multimodal transportation system:
- Air: The state has four major airports and 23 airstrips. Cities are nationally well-connected. Amausi International Airport in Lucknow is the state's main airport. Other domestic airports are Kanpur, Gorakhpur, Agra, Allahabad and Varanasi.
- Railways: Almost all major (as well as smaller) cities of the state are linked by rail. The state has largest railway network in the country, with a total length of 8,546 km (as of 2006) and the sixth-largest railway density. The railway stations of Lucknow NR, Kanpur Central, Varanasi JN, Agra Cant and Mathura JN are included in the list of 50 world-class railway stations by Indian Railways in its annual budget.
- Roads: The state has the largest road network in the country after Maharashtra. It boasts 31 National Highways (NH), with a total length of 4,942 km (8.5 percent of the total NH length in India). All cities are connected to state highways, the most important of which are SH33, SH29 and SH51. Budaun city is the hub of these roads. Uttar Pradesh has the seventh-highest road density in India, (1,027 km per 1000 km2 as of 2002) and the largest surfaced urban-road network in the country (50,721 km as of 2002). Kanpur, Lucknow, Bareilly, Allahabad, Varanasi, Jhansi, Gorakhpur, Agra and Ghazipur are connected to National Highways. The National Golden Quadrilateral of India is passes through Jhansi, Agra, Kanpur, Allahabad and Varanasi. With an existing expressway between Lucknow and Kanpur, new expressways are being built between Agra and Noida and between Noida and Ballia (through Badaun-Kanpur). The state government’s road-transport company Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (UPSRTC) serves nationalised routes in the state for intrastate and interstate transport. The state has established the Uttar Pradesh Expressways Industrial Development Authority to develop seven new expressways.
- Waterways: A stretch of the Ganges – from Allahabad (Uttar Pradesh) to Haldia (West Bengal) – has been declared as National Waterway (NW)-I; 600 km of NW-I flows through Uttar Pradesh.
Although the state has a large and diversified transportation network, its condition and functioning require improvement.
Sports[link]
File:Dhyan Chand at Berlin Olympics.jpg
Indian Hockey Legend Major Dhyan Chand
Presently, common sports of Uttar Pradesh are of two distinct genre: the Traditional Sports and the modern sports of mainly European origin.
Traditional sports, now played mostly as a past time, include wrestling, swimming, kabaddi and track- or water-sports played according to local traditional rules and without use of modern gears; some times, display of martial skills using a sword or ‘Pata’ (stick) etc. form the basis of sports. Due to lack of organised patronage and requisite facilities, these sports are surviving mostly as individuals' hobbies or local competitive events, e.g. in interested schools.
Modern sports – the indoor, field and track games – are popular, especially among the educated class, but the State has yet to attain all-round national standing in most of them. Field hockey is very popular and Uttar Pradesh has produced some of the finest players in India.
Olympic hockey player Dhyan Chand was born on 29 August 1905, in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh. Adolf Hitler, the Chancellor of Germany, was so impressed by Dhyan Chand's performance in the Berlin Olympic hockey finals that he offered to elevate 'Lance Naik' Dhyan Chand to the rank of a Colonel if he migrated to Germany; Chand had declined the offer.[citation needed]
Cricket has become more popular than field hockey. U.P. won its first Ranji Trophy tournament in February 2006, beating Bengal in the final. It can also boast of its 3 or 4 players normally finding a place in the national side. Green Park Stadium, Kanpur is the only one internationally recognised cricket stadium in Uttar Pradesh.
Green Park Stadium in Kanpur is one of the oldest cricket venues in India and has witnessed some of India's most famous victories. Greater Noida possess India's first formula-one track named Buddh International Circuit a venue for Indian Grand Prix and an state of the art international cricket stadium known as Greater Noida Cricket Stadium[53] is being built along with the Buddh International Circuit. It will seat 40,000 spectators initially, but will gradually be increased to 100,000.[citation needed] Faizabad Sports Complex[54] is another sports venue in Uttar Pradesh which includes Faizabad International Sports Stadium.
Tourism[link]
Uttar Pradesh attracts large number of visitors, both national and international; with more than 71 million domestic tourists (in 2003) and almost 25% of the All-India foreign tourists visiting Uttar Pradesh, it is one of the top tourist destinations in India.[51] There are two regions in the state where a majority of the tourists go, viz. the Agra circuit and the Hindu pilgrimage circuit.
The city of Agra, gives access to three World Heritage Sites: Taj Mahal, Agra Fort and the nearby Fatehpur Sikri. Taj Mahal is a mausoleum built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal. It is cited as "the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage". Agra Fort is about 2.5 km northwest of its much more famous sister monument, the Taj Mahal. The fort can be more accurately described as a walled palatial city. Fatehpur Sikri was the world famous 16th century capital city near Agra, built by the Mughal emperor Akbar the Great, whose mausoleum in Agra is also worth a visit. Dayal Bagh in Agra is a modern day temple and popular tourist sight. Its lifelike sculptures in marble are unique in India. Agra's dubious modern attractions include Asia's largest Spa as well as Asia's second 6D theatre.
The pilgrimage circuit includes the holiest of the Hindu holy cities on the banks of sacred rivers Ganges and the Yamuna: Varanasi (also considered world's oldest city), Ayodhya (birth place of Lord Rama), Mathura (birth place of Lord Krishna), Vrindavan (the village where Lord Krishna spent his childhood), and Allahabad (the confluence or 'holy-sangam' of the sacred Ganges-Yamuna rivers).
Varanasi is widely considered to be one of the oldest cities in the world. It is famous for its ghats (bathing steps along the river), full of pilgrims year round who come to bathe in the sacred Ganges River.
Mathura is world-famous for its colourful celebrations of the Holi festival, which attracts many tourists also – thanks partly to the hype, which the Indian film industry has given to this highly entertaining socio-religious festival.[citation needed]
Thousands gather at Allahabad to take part in the Magh Mela festival, which is held on the banks of the Ganges. This festival is organised on a larger scale every 12th year and is called the Kumbha Mela, where over 10 million Hindu pilgrims congregate – proclaimed as one of the largest gathering of human beings in the world.
Budaun is also a city which attracts thousands of tourists annually. Its religious city with many historical monuments and tombs of many famous people.
The historically important towns of Sarnath and Kushinagar are located not far from Varanasi. Gautama Buddha gave his first sermon at Sarnath after his enlightenment and died at Kushinagar; both are important pilgrimage sites for Buddhists. Also at Sarnath are the Pillars of Ashoka and the Lion Capital of Ashoka, both important archaeological artefacts with national significance. At a distance of 80 km from Varanasi, Ghazipur is famous not only for its Ganges Ghats but also for the Tomb of British potentate Lord Cornwallis, maintained by the Archeological Survey of India.
Lucknow, the capital of Uttar Pradesh, has several beautiful historical monuments such as Bara Imambara and Chhota Imambara. It has also preserved the damaged complex of the Oudh-period British Resident's quarters, which are being restored.
Some of the main natural protected areas in Uttar Pradesh are:-
- Dudhwa National Park is one of the best tiger reserves in the country.
- Pilibhit Tiger Reserve – home to the Tiger Reserve.
- Sandi Bird Sanctuary – houses about 20,000 migratory birds annually.
- Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary – the most concentrated sanctuary in India with a large population of tigers as well as leopards – situated in Bahraich and bordering Nepal is also worth a visit.
Some areas require a special permit for non-Indians to visit.
Gallery[link]
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Kumbh Mela, at Allahabad (Prayagraj)is the largest gathering anywhere in the world.
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Madan Mohan temple in Brindavan.
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The Tomb of Salim Chisti
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The five-storey Panch Mahal at Fatehpur Sikri
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The historical Atala Masjid built by 'Sultan Ibrahim', Sultan of Jaunpur.
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Buland Darwaza (Great Gate), Fatehpur Sikri
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Tomb Queen Bride in Faizabad.
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Mausoleum of Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula in Faizabad.
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Gateway to Bara Imambara, Lucknow
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The Chhota Imambara, Lucknow
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The Bhool Bhulaiyya Front View, Lucknow
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The Dhamekh Stupa is located in Sarnath where Gautama Buddha first taught the Dharma
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Kushinagar is a town where Gautama Buddha died
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Kakrala is town where Sufi Hazrat Shah Sharafat Miyan was Born.
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Ancient Buddhist monasteries near Dhamekh Stupa, Sarnath.
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The ancient excavated Buddha inside the Parinirvana Temple, Kushinagar.
Culture[link]
Uttar Pradesh is one of the religious hubs of India. The state is claimed to the birthplace[citation needed] of Hinduism and its derived Vedic and Buddhist beliefs, UP has been the ancient seat of Hindu religion, learning and culture, and has many important sites of Hindu pilgrimage. The State also has several sites important to Buddhism: the Chaukhandi Stupa marks the spot where Buddha met his first disciples, while the Dhamek Stupa in Sarnath commemorates Buddha's first sermon. Also the town of Kushinagar is where Gautama Buddha died.
The state also holds much of the heritage of the Mughal Empire, including the world famous mausoleum Taj Mahal built by Shah Jehan, the magnificent tomb of Mughal Emperor Akbar the Great in Agra and Akbar's capital-palace in Fatehpur Sikri. It was a centre of nationalism during the British colonial period and has continued to play a prominent role in Indian political and cultural movements.[citation needed] The state has a rich heritage of traditional crafts and cottage industries of various types that employ highly skilled craftsmen and artisans.[citation needed]
Architecture[link]
Architectural legacies of the past millennia of Uttar Pradesh survive to varying extent. The oldest of them fall within the purview of archaeology or mythology; religious places in the State – identifiable in the narratives of Puranas and other sacred literature of Indian religions – have architectural edifices that are very old and have been built over repeatedly in course of time.
Medieval kings and emperors have left imposing monuments: forts, palaces, temples, mosques and mausoleums, whose external and internal grandeur recalls the opulence of those times. British colonial architecture is still seen in many cities' judicial buildings, hospitals, banks, post offices, police stations, and railway stations.
Art and craft[link]
Uttar Pradesh is famous for its rich heritage of art and craft. Most famous centres are the following:
- Agra since the Mughal era has been home to numerous Mughal crafts, including the Pietra Dura, still practised today.
- Aligarh is famous for its Lock around the world; Aligarh boasts for its Zari work, (a type of fabric decoration), 'Jhumka' – an intricate ear-rings or ear-pendants, Manja and Surma (Kohl (cosmetics)), despite all these craft work, painter S. A. Jafar represent Aligarh in the field of fine arts across the India and abroad.
- Firozabad, the city of bangles, is also a hub for crafting many glass accessories. The glass artefacts produced in its factories are of high value and are exported all over the country and around the world.
- Kannauj is well known for oriental perfumes, scents and rose water and also for traditional tobacco products.
- Khurja is famous for its ceramics pottery; in fact, the entire state is famous for its pottery not only in India but also around the world.
- Lucknow, the capital, boasts of its cloth work and embroidery (chikan) work on silk and cotton garments.
- Allahabad is known for its National Institute of Art & Craft College.
- Bhadohi is known for its carpets, a craft which dates back to the 16th century, during the reign of Mughal Emperor, Akbar[55] and is believed to have established when centuries ago, some Iranian master weavers stopped at Madhosingh village, near Khamaria, in Bhadohi while travelling in India, and subsequently set up looms here. Bhadohi carpets received the Geographical Indication (GI) tag in 2010,[56] and also known as dollar-city; beside this, it is one of the highest revenue generating districts of UP.
- Moradabad is well known for its metal-ware, especially brass artefacts.
- Pilibhit is known for its wooden footwear (locally called Paduka or Khadaon) and also for flutes made of wooden pipes. Flutes are exported to Europe, America and other countries.
- Saharanpur is known all over India and abroad for its wood-carving items produced there.
- Varanasi Mubarakpur, Azamgarh is famous for its Banarasi saris and silk. A banarasi sari is an essential part of any marriage in the state.
- Gorakhpur is famous for its beautiful teracotta statues and handcraft cloths.
- Nizamabad is famous for black pottery.
Language and literature[link]
Main article: Languages of Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh is often referred to as the 'Hindi heartland of India'.[57] While the languages of state administration are Hindi,[58] established by the Uttar Pradesh Official Language Act, 1951, and Urdu, established by the Amendment to the same in 1989, the native languages of the state are considered. Both language are the common populace as well as the State and Central Governmental authorities. Linguistically, the state spreads across the Central, East-Central and Eastern zones of the Indo-Aryan languages, the major native languages of the state being, Awadhi, Bundeli, Braj Bhasha, Kannauji and the vernacular form of Khari boli, which also forms the basis for the standardised Hindi and Urdu registers. Bhojpuri is spoken in the east and Bagheli is spoken on the southwestern fringes of the state.[59] The state government promotes the native dialects in cultural festivals[60] – education in the dialects, however, is negligible. Moreover, the literature of the two main literary dialects of the medieval era, Braj Bhasha and Awadhi, is considered to be subsumed under Hindi literature. While once these two dialects were the main literary vehicles in the region, any progress in literature in them or any of the other native languages is negligible.
Uttar Pradesh is the seat of Hindi literature, and has produced many legendary writers and poets like Jaishankar Prasad, Maithili Sharan Gupt, Munshi Premchand, Suryakant Tripathi Nirala, Babu Gulabrai, Sachchidananda Hirananda Vatsyayan 'Agyeya', Rahul Sankrityayan, Harivansh Rai Bachchan, Dharamvir Bharati, Subhadra Kumari Chauhan, Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi, Swami Sahajanand Saraswati, Dushyant Kumar, Hazari Prasad Dwivedi, Chandramani Brahmdutt, Acharya Kuber Nath Rai, Bharatendu Harishchandra, Kamleshwar Prasad Saxena, Shivmangal Singh Suman, Pushpa Singh Visan, Mahadevi Varma, Vibhuti Narain Rai, Pushpendra Naagar and many more.
Dance and music[link]
The state is home to a very ancient tradition in dance and music. During the eras of Guptas and Harsh Vardhan, Uttar Pradesh was a major centre for musical innovation. Swami Haridas was a great saint-musician who championed Hindustani classical music. Tansen, the great musician in Mughal Emperor Akbar's court, was a disciple of Swami Haridas. The ragas sung by Tansen were believed to be so powerful that they could bring rain, or light a fire, when recited.
Kathak, a classical dance form, involving gracefully coordinated movements of feet and arms along with the entire body, grew and flourished in Uttar Pradesh. Wajid Ali Shah, the last Nawab of Awadh, was a great patron and a passionate champion of Kathak. Today, the state is home to two prominent schools of this dance form, namely, Lucknow Gharana and Banaras Gharana.
In modern times, Uttar Pradesh has given to the world music legends like Anup Jalota, Baba Sehgal, Girija Devi, Gopal Shankar Misra, Hari Prasad Chaurasia, Kishan Maharaj, Naushad Ali, Pandit Ravi Shankar, Shubha Mudgal, Siddheshwari Devi, Talat Mehmood, and Ustad Bismillah Khan. The legendary Ghazal singer Begum Akhtar was also a native of Uttar Pradesh; "Ae Mohabbat Tere anjaam pe rona aaya" is said to be one of her best musical performances of all times. Uttar Pradesh is also the birthplace of British pop legend Sir Cliff Richard. The Bhatkhande Music Institute University at Lucknow is named after the great musician Pandit Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande.
The region's folk heritage includes songs called rasiya (known and especially popular in Braj), which celebrate the divine love of Radha and Shri Krishna. These songs are accompanied by large drums known as bumb and are performed at many festivals. Other folk dances or folk theatre forms include:
- Khayal
- Naqal – (mimicry)
- Nautanki
- Qawwali
- Raslila
- Swang
- Ramlila, which includes enacting the entire Ramayana.
Lokrang Sanskritik Samiti – an organisation of Jogia Janubi Patti, Fazilanagar, Kushinagar – is doing research work in the field of Folk-songs, Folk-artists and Folk-cultures. In the month of May, every year the Samiti organises its function "Lokrang". More than 150 artists and writers participate in this programme.
Cuisine[link]
Uttar Pradesh has a rich tradition of sumptuous vegetarian and non-vegetarian food preparations and of sweetmeats, seen at their best on formal occasions. A formal vegetarian meal of Uttar Pradesh consists of chapatis, rotis (flatbread) and/or puris (deep fried puffed flatbreads), daal (thick lentil soup), rice (boiled white rice), vegetable curries (one or more of dry/fried and semi-liquid curries each), curd, pickles, papad (thin spicy crackers) and a variety of sweets ( gulab jamuns, rasmalai, rabri, jalebi, laddoos of varying varieties, pethas, kheer, gujhiys and many others). It is normally served in metal dishes and traditionally eaten without the use of cutlery, sitting on the bare floor. When a large gathering is to be feasted in a traditional manner, food may also be served on disposable, flat platters (called 'pattal'), which are made by intertwining broad leaves of certain trees. Samosas, Chaat and pakoras are among the favourite snacks and have its root from Uttar Pradesh.
Most famous of these are Pedas of Badaun, which are famous all over India and Pakistan, Pethas of Agra are renowned all over. Biryani of Moradabad, Kebabs of Lucknow are also famous.
A non-vegetarian meal consists of many varieties of meat- or rice-preparations that have evolved in the region, and are now nationally and internationally known as the Moghlai cuisine; some of these are: kebab, kofta, korma, keema, pulao, biryani, parathas (plain or stuffed), halwa, firni etc. In addition, a selection from the above vegetarian dishes may be present among the food spread. Traditionally, food is served in metal-ware or ceramic crockery, eaten directly with bare hands or (sometimes) with spoons, sitting on the ground covered with a flooring material like cloth-sheet or carpet.
The Awadh region has its own distinct Nawabi style cuisine, the most famous cuisine of Awadhi Region is Tunday Kabab with various kinds of biryanis, kebabs and breads. Kebabs are also of different types – Kakori Kebabs, Galawati Kebabs, Shami Kebabs, Boti Kababs, Patili-ke-Kababs, Ghutwa Kababs and Seekh Kababs are among the known varieties.[61]
Uttar Pradesh has a range of finest hotels and restaurants of India catering to all tastes and budgets.
Makkhan Malai, 'Malai Ki Gilori' of Ram Asrey (an oldest shop of pure ghee sweets, established in 1805) Chowk, the famous Tundey Kebabs, named after the one-armed chef Haji Murad Ali,[62] and 'Kakori kebabs' are very popular with food lovers. The kebabs of Tunday Kababi, with their melt-in-the-mouth taste, are famous all over India. Situated in a small lane in the bustling chowk area, more than 100 year old 'Tunday Kababi' original shop serves only its special 'Galavati Kababs' and 'Parathas'.
Other famous restaurants are 'Dastarkhwan', 'Naushijaan', and 'Nawabs'.
The Chaat in Lucknow is one of the best in the country. There are quite a few places serving outstanding chaat, like Shukla Chaat and Moti Mahal in Hazratganj, Radhey Lal in Aliganj and gomti nagar, Chhappan Bhog in Sadar and Neel Kanth in Gomti Nagar, and famous Jagdish Chaat House in old lucknow Chowk. And among sweets lucknow's rewadi is famous all over India.
After a delicious dinner, one can have Paan at any of the innumerable Paan vendors.
-
Uttar Pradeshi thali with naan, sultani dal, raita, and shahi paneer.
-
Kebabs are an important part of Uttar Pradesh's cuisine. Lucknow is known for its galawat ke kawab
-
Naan is one of the staple breads of Uttar Pradesh.
-
The koftah is a popular main dish of Uttar Pradesh.
-
Raita has its roots in Uttar Pradesh as well.
-
The samosa is a popular snack from Uttar Pradesh.
-
Paan Shop
Dress[link]
The people of Uttar Pradesh wear a variety of native- and Western-style dress. Traditional styles of dress include colourful draped garments – such as sari for women and dhoti or lungi for men – and tailored clothes such as salwar kameez for women and kurta-pyjama for men. Men also often sport a head-gear like topi or pagri. Sherwani is a more formal male dress and is frequently worn along with chooridar on festive occasions. European-style trousers and shirts are also common among the men.
Festivals[link]
Religious practices are as much an integral part of everyday life, and a very public affair, as they are in the rest of India. Therefore, not surprisingly, many festivals are religious in origin, although several of them are celebrated irrespective of caste and creed.
Among the most important Hindu festivals are Diwali, Holi and Dashehra, which are also observed with equal fervour by Jains. Ten days of Ramlila takes place during the period of navratri and on the 10th day, epithet of Raavan is burnt with great fervour. Durga puja is also observed in many parts of the state during navratri. Bārah Wafāṭ, Eid, Bakreed and Birthdate of Imam Ali ibn Abitalib are recognised official Muslim religious festivals. Moharram, though the day of Ashura is official holiday but Shiites consider it as a day of mourning and not a festival as some people believe. Mahavir Jayanti is celebrated by Jains, Buddha Jayanti by Buddhists, Guru Nanak Jayanti by Sikhs and Christmas by the Christians.[63] Other festivals include Ram navami, Chhath puja, Krishna-janmashtami, Mahashivratri, etc.
Media[link]
Uttar Pradesh is well integrated into the national media network:
- Newspapers and magazines etc. A number of periodicals are published in Hindi, English and Urdu. Growth of journalism had its roots as much in the initiative of resident Britons as in the Indian freedom movement and the need for dissemination of other news and messages of socio-religious reforms. The Pioneer was founded in Allahabad in 1865 by George Allen, an Englishman.[64] It was brought out three times a week from 1865 to 1869 and daily thereafter. In 1866, a supplement, the Pioneer Mail, consisting mostly of advertisements, was added to the publication. Also from Allahabad, a nationalist newspaper The National Herald had started publication, under the patronage of the Nehrus and M.C. Rau as its editor, during the British period. In 1909, Madan Mohan Malviya, started The Leader, from Allahabad, with C. Y. Chintamani, as its editor from 1909 to 1934.[65] Sidque, a famous Urdu weekly, was started in that period by the highly respected intellectual Moulana Abdul Maajid Daryabadi for reforming the Indo-Islamic society. Presently, all major national level dailies are publishing their ‘City Editions’ from several major cities of the state. The State's own ‘native’ publications – dailies/ weeklies/ monthlies – are numerous, and mostly in Hindi and Urdu languages. Some Hindi language dailies, e.g. Amar Ujala and Dainik Jagran, have a wide circulation, with their local editions being published from several important cities. National Herald now publishes an Urdu version also.
- Radio broadcasts: Broadcasting was started in India in 1936 by All India Radio (abbreviated as AIR), now officially known as Akashvani.[66] Today, it is the sister service of Doordarshan, the national television broadcaster; both are a division of Prasar Bharati (Broadcasting Corporation of India), an autonomous corporation of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. Broadcasts in several languages are being aired in the State from a number of transmission stations by Akashwani.
- Television: Telecasting had begun in India in 1959, with test educational telecasting in New Delhi. Doordarshan started black-and-white small-screen programming in the mid 1970s and 1982 saw colour version of TV.[67] Several private TV Channels, functioning now at national level, have become a vibrant and very effective part of the media. Satellite-telecasting has revolutionised their reach. Telecasts of important cricket matches draw enormous viewers; even street-side TV-sets attract crowds of cricket fans.
See also[link]
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| Akhilesh Yadav | |
|---|---|
| Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh | |
| Incumbent | |
| Assumed office 15 March 2012 |
|
| Preceded by | Mayawati |
| Member of Parliament - Lok Sabha | |
| In office 2009 – 2 May 2012 |
|
| Constituency | Kannauj[1] |
| In office 2000–2004 |
|
| In office 2004–2009 |
|
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1973-07-01) 1 July 1973 (age 38) Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Political party | Samajwadi Party |
| Spouse(s) | Dimple Yadav |
| Relations | Mulayam Singh Yadav (Father) Ram Gopal Yadav(Uncle) Shivpal Singh Yadav (Uncle) |
| Children | Three |
| Residence | Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh |
| Alma mater | University of Mysore University of Sydney |
| Profession | Environmentalist, Politician |
| Religion | Hindu |
| Website | www.akhileshyadav.com |
Akhilesh Yadav (born 1 July 1973) is an Indian politician and the youngest chief minister of Uttar Pradesh.[2] First time he was elected to the Lok Sabha from Kannauj in a by-election of 2000. He retained his seat in the 2004 and 2009 general elections. Thus he has won the Lok Sabha elections three times since 2000.[3] He spearheaded the campaign to bring the Samajwadi Party back to power in the U.P. Assembly election 2012.
Contents |
Early life and education[link]
Akhilesh Yadav was born to Mulayam Singh Yadav and his first wife Malti Devi on 1 July 1973 in the Saifai village of Etawah district.[4] He took his primary education from St. Mary's School, Etawah[4]. Thereafter he studied in Dholpur Military School, Dholpur at (Rajasthan. He got Bachelor degree in Civil Engineering from Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, Mysore and later opted for a Masters in environmental engineering from the University of Sydney.[5]
Akhilesh gives credit to Janeshwar Mishra who intiated him to join politics.[6]
2012 UP assembly elections[link]
He introduced modern elements in Samajwadi party's campaigning style.[citation needed] In the 2012 general election he was able to provide the party with a new image.[citation needed] He extensively campaigned across the state holding cycle rallies and public meetings at various locations.[citation needed] His Rath Yatra conducted across the state was highly successful in bringing young voters and people from across all the communities into the Samajwadi party's fold.[citation needed] His personality was a key role in helping the Party towards a victory in U. P. Assembly Elections of 2012,[citation needed] with Samajwadi party winning 224 seats out of total 403.[citation needed] Thus Samajvadi Party being the single largest party formed the government.[citation needed]
He was given credit for the party's rise from a meager 97 seats in the 2007 Vidhan Sabha to a total of 224 and was subsequently elected the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh by the existing MLAs of his party. He became the youngest Chief Minister of this province at the age of 38 years.[2]
References[link]
- ^ "Akhilesh Yadav quits Parliament Lok Sabha seat". Daily News and Analysis. http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_akhilesh-yadav-quits-lok-sabha-seat_1684354. Retrieved May 05, 2012.
- ^ a b "Akhilesh Yadav sworn in UP Chief Minister". The Hindu. 15 March 2012. http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article2998039.ece?homepage=true. Retrieved 15 March 2012.
- ^ http://india.gov.in/govt/loksabhampdetail.php?mpcode=564
- ^ a b Akhilesh Yadav : Man who won UP Elections 2012 for Samajwadi Party.
- ^ [1]
- ^ The party is over and the bill is due: Akhilesh Yadav, 14 March 2012, Tehelka, http://www.tehelka.com/story_main52.asp?filename=Ws140312UTTAR_PRADESH.asp
External links[link]
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|||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Yadav, Akhilesh |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Indian Politician |
| Date of birth | 1 July 1973 |
| Place of birth | Saifai, Distt. Etawah (Uttar Pradesh) |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Akhilesh_Yadav
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the actor. For the educator, see Salman Khan (educator).
| Salman Khan | |
|---|---|
 Salman Khan walking the ramp for Sanjana John |
|
| Born | Abdul Rashid Salim Salman Khan (1965-12-27) 27 December 1965 (age 46) Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India |
| Residence | Bandra, Mumbai |
| Other names | Sallu |
| Occupation | Film actor, television presenter and philanthropist |
| Years active | 1988–present |
| Parents | Salim Khan Salma Khan |
| Relatives | Arbaaz Khan (brother) Sohail Khan (brother) Helen Richardson (step-mother) |
Salman Khan (pronunciation : [səlˈmaːn ˈxaːn]; born Abdul Rashid Salim Salman Khan on 27 December 1965)[1] is an Indian film actor. He has starred in more than 80 Hindi films.
Khan, who made his acting debut with a minor role in the drama Biwi Ho To Aisi (1988), had his first commercial success with the blockbuster Maine Pyar Kiya (1989), for which he won a Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut. He went on to star in some successful Hindi films of those times, such as Saajan (1991), Hum Aapke Hain Koun..! (1994), Karan Arjun (1995), Judwaa (1997), Pyar Kiya To Darna Kya (1998) and Biwi No.1 (1999), having appeared in the highest earning films of seven separate years during his career.[2]
In 1999, Khan won a Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor for his extended appearance in Kuch Kuch Hota Hai (1998), and since then has starred in several critical and commercial successes, including Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam (1999), Tere Naam (2003), Mujhse Shaadi Karogi (2004), No Entry (2005), Partner (2007), Wanted (2009), Dabangg (2010), Ready (2011) and Bodyguard (2011), which has become the second highest-grossing Bollywood film of all-time. Khan has thus established himself as one of the most successful actors of Hindi cinema.[3][4][5]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Khan is the eldest son of screenwriter Salim Khan and his first wife Salma (née Sushila Charak). His paternal grandfather was a Muslim from Afghanistan[6][7] who came to India and settled in Madhya Pradesh, whereas his mother is a Marathi Hindu.[8] Khan himself had once said that he is "half Muslim and half Hindu".[9][10] His stepmother is Helen, a former actress, who has co-starred with him in a few films. He has two brothers, Arbaaz Khan and Sohail Khan, and two sisters, Alvira and Arpita. Alvira is married to actor/director Atul Agnihotri. Khan finished his schooling through St. Stanislaus High School in Bandra, Mumbai, as did his younger brothers Arbaaz and Sohail. Earlier, he studied at The Scindia School, Gwalior for a few years along with younger brother Arbaaz.[11][12]
Career[link]
1980s[link]
Salman Khan made his acting debut with a supporting role in the 1988 film Biwi Ho To Aisi. His first leading role in a Bollywood movie was in Sooraj R. Barjatya's romantic family drama Maine Pyar Kiya (1989), one of India's highest grossing films.[13] It earned him a Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut, as well as his first nomination for a Best Actor at Filmfare.
1990s[link]
1990 saw one film release starring Khan, Baaghi: A Rebel for Love. The film was a box office success,[14] followed by four hit films in 1991, Patthar Ke Phool, Sanam Bewafa, Kurbaan [15][16] and Saajan.[17] Despite these early successes, nearly all of his 1992–1993 releases resulted in box office failures.[17]
Khan returned to success in 1994 with his second collaboration with director Sooraj Barjatya in the romance Hum Aapke Hain Koun..!, co-starring Madhuri Dixit. This film was the biggest hit of that year, and turned out to be one of Bollywood's highest-grossing films ever, becoming the fourth-highest earner of all time.[18] In 1995 he starred in Rakesh Roshan's Karan Arjun alongside Shahrukh Khan.[17] The two played brothers who are reincarnated after being killed by family enemies. The film was the second biggest hit of the year, and his role of Karan once again put his name among the nominees for the Best Actor award at the Filmfare, which was eventually won by his Karan Arjun co-star Shahrukh Khan for Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge.[19][20]
In 1996, Khan performed in two movies, Sanjay Leela Bhansali's directional debut Khamoshi: The Musical, a box office failure, but critically acclaimed; and Raj Kanwar's action hit Jeet. He had two releases in 1997: Judwaa and Auzaar. The former was a comedy directed by David Dhawan where he played a dual role of twins separated at birth.
Khan worked in five different films in 1998, his first release being the comedy Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya opposite Kajol, one of the biggest commercial successes of that year. This was followed by the moderately successful drama Jab Pyaar Kisise Hota Hai.[17] Khan played a young man who has to take a child who claims to be his son, under his custody. Khan's performance in the film earned him several positive notices and favourable reviews from critics. He rounded of the year with an extended cameo in Karan Johar's directorial debut, Kuch Kuch Hota Hai for which he earned a second Filmfare Award under the Best Supporting Actor category.
In 1999, Khan starred in three films: Hum Saath-Saath Hain: We Stand United and Biwi No.1, two of the highest grossing films that year;[21] and Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam, which earned another Best Actor nomination at the Filmfare.
2000s[link]
In 2000, Khan acted in films including Har Dil Jo Pyar Karega . Chori Chori Chupke Chupke addressed the issue of surrogate childbirth; Khan played the role of a rich industrialist, who hires a surrogate mother after his wife becomes infertile. Critics noted his turn towards a more serious role, which reportedly had more substance in comparison to his previous roles.[22][23] In 2002 he starred in the delayed release Hum Tumhare Hain Sanam.
For Tere Naam, (2003) Taran Adarsh said of him, "Salman Khan is exceptional in a role that fits him to the T. He breathes fire in sequences that demand uneasiness. But beneath the tough exterior lies a vulnerable person and this facet in particular comes to the fore in the latter reels. His emotional outbursts are splendid..."[24] He subsequently continued his success at the box office, with comedies like Mujhse Shaadi Karogi (2004) and No Entry (2005).[17] Khan's work in 2006 included Jaan-E-Mann and Baabul .
Khan started 2007 with the ensemble film Salaam E Ishq. His next release Partner did very well at the box office, receiving a blockbuster verdict.[25] He next appeared in the Hollywood movie, Marigold: An Adventure in India which told the love story of an Indian man and an American woman. Khan starred in three films throughout 2008, all of which underperformed.[26]
Khan hosted the second season of 10 Ka Dum in year 2009 which turned out to be even more successful than his first season as host of the game show in year 2008. The show got very high TRPs for Sony Entertainment Television and according to reports, the show helped Sony TV regain its third position in the Indian television ratings.[27]
Khan's first film of 2009, Wanted directed by choreographer turned director Prabhu Deva. In the same year, he appeared in two other films, Main Aurr Mrs Khanna and London Dreams. While London Dreams doing average business, only due to the uninspiring music, but Main Aurr Mrs Khanna made 21 crores through DTH Premiere.[28]
2010s[link]
Khan's first release of 2010 was Anil Sharma's commercially and critically unsuccessful film Veer. His next release, Dabangg, was produced by his brother Arbaaz Khan, and released on 10 September 2010. It made a record opening at the box office[29] and Box Office India declared it an all-time blockbuster.[30] For his performance in Dabangg, Khan received a Star Screen Award for Best Actor and a Stardust Award for Star of the Year – Male and was nominated for his sixth Filmfare Award for Best Actor. Anupama Chopra from NDTV wrote about his performance, "It's the role of a lifetime and Salman Khan bites into it like a starving man devours a feast. He inhabits it fully, strutting and swaggering and even, spoofing himself."[31]
Khan's first release of 2011 was Ready which released on 3 June. The film broke several box office records and is currently the fourth highest-grossing Bollywood film of all time. He next appeared in Bodyguard. Upon release, the film became an all time blockbuster at the box office,[32] with Khan's performance receiving favourable comments from critics and is currently the second highest-grossing Bollywood film of all time. [33]
Personal life[link]
In 2004, he was voted seventh-best-looking man in the world and the best looking man in India by People magazine, USA.[34] Khan has been involved in several charities during his career.[35]
On 11 October 2007, Khan accepted an offer from Madame Tussauds wax museum in London to have a wax replica made of himself. His life-size wax figure was installed there on 15 January 2008, making him the fourth Indian actor to have been replicated as a wax statue in the museum.[36][37]
Khan has been the subject of several controversies, including certain legal troubles. On 28 September 2002, Khan was arrested for rash and negligent driving. His car had run into a bakery in Mumbai; one person who was sleeping on the pavement outside the bakery died and three others were injured in the mishap.[38] Charges of culpable homicide were laid against him, but later dropped, and he was found not guilty.[39] On 17 February 2006, Khan was sentenced to one year in prison for hunting the Chinkara, an endangered species. The sentence was stayed by a higher court during appeal.[40] On 10 April 2006, he was handed a five year jail term and remanded to Jodhpur jail until 13 April when he was granted bail.[41]
On September 2010, Khan was reported to have claimed during an interview to a Pakistani channel that the 26/11 attacks were hyped because the "elite" were targeted.[42][43] During the interview the actor had said - "It was the elite that was targeted this time. Five star hotels and all. So they panicked. Then they got up and spoke about it. My question is why not before. Attacks have happened in trains and small towns too, but no one talked about it so much."[42][43] Khan also said that Pakistan was not to be blamed for it, and that the Indian security forces had failed.[44] Khan's comments had drawn strong reactions from Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra Chagan Bhujbal, Shiv Sena, BJP and other political parties.[45] The comments were also condemned by Ujwal Nikam, Special Prosecutor in the 26/11 trial.[45] Khan later apologised for his comments.[42]
His relationship with actress Aishwarya Rai was a well publicised topic in the Indian media.[46] After their break-up in March 2002, Rai accused him of harassing her. She claimed that Khan had not been able to come to terms with their break-up and was hounding her; her parents lodged a complaint against him.[47] In 2005, news outlets released what was said to be an illicit copy of a mobile phone call recorded in 2001 by the Mumbai police. It appeared to be a call in which he threatened Rai, in an effort to force her to appear at social events held by Mumbai crime figures. The call featured boasts of connections to organised crime and derogatory comments about other actors. However, the alleged tape was tested in the government's Forensic lab in Chandigarh, which concluded that it was fake.[48][49]
After years of speculations, actress Katrina Kaif admitted in an 2011 interview for a magazine that she was in a serious relationship with Salman Khan for several years, which ended in 2010.[50]
In August 2011 he admitted he suffers from trigeminal neuralgia, a facial nerve disorder commonly known as the suicide disease. In an interview he said that he has been quietly suffering it for the past seven years, but now the pain’s become unbearable. It has even affected his voice, making it much harsher.[51]
Being Human Foundation[link]
Being Human Foundation is a registered charitable trust set up by Salman Khan for helping the cause of the underprivileged. In its early days, Salman Khan set up and funded the Foundation using his own money. The Foundation has two focus areas: Education and Healthcare. To increase the reach and corpus of the Foundation, Salman Khan has undertaken initiatives such as Being Human Art; Being Human merchandise; and Being Human Gitanjali Gold Coins. Proceeds from the activities of these initiatives go towards spreading education and healthcare for the underprivileged.
BEING HUMAN ART: The first showing of Being Human Art was an exhibition of Salman Khan's paintings at Dubai in October 2009. The response was tremendous and more exhibitions are being planned.
BEING HUMAN MERCHANDISE: Being Human Fashion was announced at HDIL India Couture Week 2009 in a show that made fashion history by featuring the biggest ever line-up of superstars including Aamir Khan, Ajay Devgan, Akshay Kumar, Govinda, Katrina Kaif, Saif Ali Khan, Salman Khan and Sanjay Dutt. At HDIL India Couture Week 2010, Salman launched Being Human watches and followed it up with another glittering show featuring Bipasha Basu, Kareena Kapoor, Karisma Kapoor, Katrina Kaif, Preity Zinta, Priyanka Chopra, Rani Mukherjee and Sushmita Sen. Being Human T-shirts were launched in November 2010.
BEING HUMAN GITANJALI GOLD COINS: Being Human, the Salman Khan Foundation has tied up with India's biggest jewellery brand Gitanjali to launch co-branded gold coins.
BEING HUMAN PARTNERS MARROW DONORS REGISTRY INDIA (MDRI): In November 2010, the Foundation partnered with MDRI to create awareness and generate donors in order to create a robust registry in India.[52]
In 2011. Salman Khan launched his own production company called SKBH Productions (Salman Khan Being Human Productions).Money which will be generated from film productions will be donated to Being Human. First film made under the banner was kids entertainer Chillar Party, which went on to win 3 National Awards, for Best Children's film, best original screenplay and Child Artist's Award .[53] [54]
Non film work[link]
Khan has started an NGO called 'Being Human' which will sell T-shirts and other products online and in stores. A portion of the sales will go to a worthy cause supporting the underprivileged.[55] In April 2012, he became the brand ambassador for the travel website, Yatra.com, which also made him a shareholder.[56].He has also endorsed the History Channel, Suzuki motorcycles,[57] and Mountain Dew with whom he ended the contract in December 2010.[58]
In January 2012, Khan has offered to pay 
40 lakh (US$79,800) for releasing around 400 prisoners from around 63 prisons in the state of Uttar Pradesh via his NGO. The prisoners had completed their term but due to economical reasons, they were unable to pay a legal fine for their charges.[59]
Awards and nominations[link]
Filmography[link]
Actor[link]
| Year | Title | Role | Other notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1988 | Biwi Ho To Aisi | Vicky Bhandari | |
| 1989 | Maine Pyar Kiya | Prem Choudhary | Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor |
| 1990 | Baaghi: A Rebel for Love | Saajan Sood | |
| 1991 | Sanam Bewafa | Salman Khan | |
| 1991 | Patthar Ke Phool | Inspector Suraj | |
| 1991 | Kurbaan | Akash Singh | |
| 1991 | Love | Prithvi | |
| 1991 | Saajan | Akash Varma | |
| 1992 | Suryavanshi | Vicky/Suryavanshi Vikram Singh | |
| 1992 | Ek Ladka Ek Ladki | Raja | |
| 1992 | Jaagruti | Jugnu | |
| 1992 | Nishchaiy | Rohan Yadav/Vasudev Gujral | |
| 1993 | Chandra Mukhi | Raja Rai | |
| 1993 | Dil Tera Aashiq | Vijay | |
| 1994 | Andaz Apna Apna | Prem Bhopali | |
| 1994 | Hum Aapke Hain Koun..! | Prem | |
| 1994 | Chaand Kaa Tukdaa | Shyam Malhotra | |
| 1994 | Sangdil Sanam | Kishan | |
| 1995 | Karan Arjun | Karan Singh/Ajay | Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor |
| 1995 | Veergati | Ajay | |
| 1996 | Majhdhaar | Gopal | |
| 1996 | Khamoshi: The Musical | Raj | |
| 1996 | Jeet | Raju | Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor |
| 1996 | Dushman Duniya Ka | Special appearance | |
| 1997 | Judwaa | Raja/Prem Malhotra | |
| 1997 | Auzaar | Inspector Suraj Prakash | |
| 1997 | Dus | Captain Jeet Sharma | Incomplete film |
| 1997 | Deewana Mastana | Prem Kumar | Special appearance |
| 1998 | Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya | Suraj Khanna | Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor |
| 1998 | Jab Pyaar Kisise Hota Hai | Suraj Dhanrajgir | |
| 1998 | Sar Utha Ke Jiyo | Special appearance | |
| 1998 | Bandhan | Raju | |
| 1998 | Kuch Kuch Hota Hai | Aman Mehra | Extended guest appearance Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor |
| 1999 | Jaanam Samjha Karo | Rahul | |
| 1999 | Biwi No.1 | Prem | Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role |
| 1999 | Sirf Tum | Prem | Special appearance |
| 1999 | Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam | Sameer Rafillini | Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor |
| 1999 | Hello Brother | Hero | |
| 1999 | Hum Saath-Saath Hain: We Stand United | Prem | |
| 2000 | Dulhan Hum Le Jayenge | Raja Oberoi | |
| 2000 | Chal Mere Bhai | Prem Oberoi | |
| 2000 | Har Dil Jo Pyar Karega | Raj/Romi | |
| 2000 | Dhaai Akshar Prem Ke | Special appearance | |
| 2000 | Kahin Pyaar Na Ho Jaaye | Prem Kapoor | |
| 2001 | Chori Chori Chupke Chupke | Raj Malhotra | |
| 2002 | Tumko Na Bhool Paayenge | Veer Singh Thakur/Ali | |
| 2002 | Hum Tumhare Hain Sanam | Suraj | |
| 2002 | Yeh Hai Jalwa | Raj 'Raju' Saxena/Raj Mittal | |
| 2003 | Love at Times Square | Special appearance | |
| 2003 | Stumped | Special appearance | |
| 2003 | Tere Naam | Radhe Mohan | Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor |
| 2003 | Baghban | Alok Raj | Special appearance Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor |
| 2004 | Garv: Pride and Honour | Inspector Arjun Ranavat | |
| 2004 | Mujhse Shaadi Karogi | Sameer Malhotra | |
| 2004 | Phir Milenge | Rohit Manchanda | Extended guest appearance |
| 2004 | Dil Ne Jise Apna Kahaa | Rishabh | |
| 2005 | Lucky: No Time for Love | Aditya | |
| 2005 | Maine Pyaar Kyun Kiya? | Dr. Samir Malhotra | |
| 2005 | No Entry | Prem | Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role |
| 2005 | Kyon Ki | Anand | |
| 2006 | Saawan... The Love Season | Sameer Sam | Extended guest appearance |
| 2006 | Shaadi Karke Phas Gaya Yaar | Ayaan | |
| 2006 | Jaan-E-Mann | Suhaan Kapoor | |
| 2006 | Baabul | Avinash Kapoor | |
| 2007 | Salaam-e-Ishq: A Tribute To Love | Rahul | |
| 2007 | Partner | Prem Love Guru | |
| 2007 | Marigold: An Adventure in India | Prem | English language film |
| 2007 | Om Shanti Om | Himself | Special appearance in song "Deewangi Deewangi" |
| 2007 | Saawariya | Imaan | Extended guest appearance |
| 2008 | God Tussi Great Ho | Arun Prajapati | |
| 2008 | Hello | Chetan Bhagat | Special appearance |
| 2008 | Heroes | Balkar Singh/Jassvinder Singh | |
| 2008 | Yuvvraaj | Deven Yuvvraaj | |
| 2009 | Wanted | Radhe/Rajveer Shikhawat | |
| 2009 | Main Aurr Mrs Khanna | Samir Khanna | |
| 2009 | London Dreams | Mannu (Manjit Khosla) | |
| 2009 | Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani | Himself | Special appearance |
| 2010 | Veer | Veer | |
| 2010 | Prem Kaa Game | The Sutradhaar (Narrator) | Special appearance |
| 2010 | Dabangg | Inspector Chulbul Pandey (Robinhood Pandey) |
Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor |
| 2010 | Tees Maar Khan | Himself | Special appearance in song "Wallah Re Wallah" |
| 2010 | Isi Life Mein | Himself | Special appearance |
| 2011 | Ready | Prem Kapoor | |
| 2011 | Bodyguard | Lovely Singh | Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor |
| 2011 | Tell Me O Kkhuda | Cameo | |
| 2011 | Do Aur Do Paanch | Extended guest appearance | |
| 2012 | Ek Tha Tiger | Filming | |
| 2012 | Ishkq in Paris | Special appearance[60] | |
| 2012 | Dabangg 2 | Inspector Chulbul Pandey (Robinhood Pandey) |
Filming [61] |
| 2013 | Andaz Apna Apna 3D[62] | Prem (voice) | Animated Film |
| 2013 | Sooraj Barjatya's next [63] | Prem | Announced |
Television presenter[link]
Writer[link]
- Baaghi: A Rebel for Love (1990)[64]
- Chandra Mukhi (1993)[65]
- Veer (2010)
Producer[link]
- Chillar Party (2011)
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ PTI (27 December 2011). "Bollywood wishes Salman Khan on his 46th birthday". DNA India (New Delhi). http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_bollywood-wishes-salman-khan-on-his-46th-birthday_1630590. Retrieved 27 April 2012.
- ^ DABANGG Is 17th ALL TIME BLOCKBUSTER. Box Office India. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
- ^ Ramesh Dawar (2006), Bollywood Yesterday-Today-Tomorrow, Star Publications, ISBN 1-905863-01-2, p. 111. "Salman Khan is one of the most successful stars of Bollywood today. He is one of Indian cinema's hottest selling stars a safe bet any day."
- ^ Felicia Faye McMahon, Donald E. Lytle and Brian Sutton-Smith (2005), Play: An interdisciplinary synthesis, University Press of America, ISBN 0-7618-3042-1, p. 120. "The first night after the lights were turned out the girls stayed up chatting about Salman Khan and Sharukh Khan, two leading male actors in the Hindi film industry."
- ^ Stella Bruzzi, Pamela Church Gibson (2000), Fashion cultures: Theories, explorations, and analysis, Routledge, ISBN 0-415-20685-5, p. 182. "The action films of the 1980s saw the macho action-hero dominating the screen, who was replaced by the short, muscular hero with a pretty face in the 1990s. Salman Khan, one of the most popular, takes his shirt off several times in each movie to show his pumped body, frequently wearing gym-gear and American sportswear."
- ^ "Afghan traces Bolly Khans' Pathan roots". Mid Day. May 18, 2011. http://www.mid-day.com/news/2011/may/180511-Kabul-Pathan-community-Hindi-films-Bolly-Khans.htm. Retrieved December 11, 2011.
- ^ Kakaron, Javed Hamim (December 25, 2011). "Khans in Bollywood book published". Pajhwok Afghan News. http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2011/12/25/khans-bollywood-book-published. Retrieved February 26, 2012.
- ^ Salman denies backing Raj Thackeray. Rediff.com.
- ^ "I Am Half Hindu, Half Muslim, Says Salman Khan - Bollywood Movies". Zimbio. 2010-03-17. http://www.zimbio.com/Bollywood+Movies/articles/JLelbyaJC4B/Half+Hindu+Half+Muslim+Says+Salman+Khan. Retrieved 2011-12-25. "... as I am half Muslim and half Hindu. I just know that there are good or bad Hindus and good or bad Muslims."
- ^ "Salman Khan celebrates Mahashivratri". Hindustantimes. 2012-02-20. http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Tabloid/Salman-Khan-celebrates-Mahashivratri/Article1-814210.aspx. Retrieved 2012-02-20.
- ^ Salman Khan Biography. HindiMovies.org.in. Retrieved 25 May 2010.
- ^ Salman Khan: From By-Lines to Bhai-Lines. Channel V India. Retrieved 25 May 2010.
- ^ "The Biggest Blockbusters Ever In Hindi Cinema". Box Office India. http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=350&catName=QmlnZ2VzdCBCbG9ja2J1c3RlcnMgRXZlcg==. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
- ^ 1990 box office results. BoxOfficeIndia.com.
- ^ "1991: Of Super-Hits & Stars". screenindia.Com. http://www.screenindia.com/news/1991-of-superhits-&-stars/814111/. Retrieved 22 July 2011.
- ^ "Filmfare, Hits & Misses". 1991 Box Office. January,1992.
- ^ a b c d e "Salman Khan's box office filmography". BoxOfficeIndia.Com. Archived from the original on 16 November 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071116053128/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/salmankhan.htm. Retrieved 1 December 2007.
- ^ "All Time Grossers Inflation Adjusted". BoxOfficeIndia.Com. Archived from the original on 24 October 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20061024031908/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/alltime.htm. Retrieved 28 October 2006.
- ^ The Nominations – 1995.
- ^ The Winners – 1995.
- ^ Top Lifetime Grossers 1995–1999.
- ^ Adarsh, Taran (8 March 2001). "Chori Chori Chupke Chupke: Movie Review". Indiafm.com. http://www.indiafm.com/movies/review/6728/index.html. Retrieved 25 January 2008.
- ^ Us Salam, Ziya (16 March 2001). "Film review: Chori Chori Chupke Chupke". The Hindu. http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2001/03/16/stories/09160223.htm. Retrieved 1 December 2007.
- ^ Adarsh, Taran (15 August 2003). "Tere Naam". indiaFM. http://indiafm.com/movies/review/7078/index.html. Retrieved 21 February 2008.
- ^ "Box Office Results Top Grosses by Decades and Years – 2007". International Business Overview Standard. http://www.ibosnetwork.com/asp/topgrossersbyyear.asp?year=2007. Retrieved 1 December 2007.
- ^ "God Tussi Great Ho". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=godtussigreatho.htm. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
- ^ Lakhvinder Baddhan (25 August 2008). "Sony TV regains numero three position". BizAsia UK. http://media247.co.uk/bizasia/newsarchive/2008/08/sony_tv_regains.php. Retrieved 9 January 2008.
- ^ Sampurn Wire (17 November 2009). "Super Hit on DTH". http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/entertainment/main-aur-mrs-khanna-a-super-hit-on-dth-with-rs-21-crore-gross_100276229.html. Retrieved 11 June 2011.
- ^ "Dabangg beats 3 Idiots, collects Rs 14 crore on opening day". Hindustan Times. 11 September 2010. http://www.hindustantimes.com/dabangg-beats-3-idiots-collects-rs-14-crore-on-opening-day/Article1-598793.aspx. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
- ^ "Dabangg Is 17th All Time Blockbuster". Box Office India. http://boxofficeindia.com/boxnewsdetail.php?page=shownews&articleid=2043&nCat=box_office_news. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
- ^ Chopra, Anupama (10 September 2010). "Review: Dabangg". NDTV movies. NDTV. http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_review.aspx?id=547&albumname=Review:+Dabangg&cp. Retrieved 23 February 2011.
- ^ Verma Ambwani, Meenakshi (1 September 2011). "Salman Khan's Bodyguard sets record for first-day box office collections of Rs 20 crore". The Times Of India. http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-09-01/news/29953680_1_theatres-movies-salman-khan-s-bodyguard. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
- ^ Adarsh, Taran. "Bodyguard : Movie Review by Taran Adarsh". http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/review/14340/index.html. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
- ^ "'Masand ki Pasand' is Salman Khan this time". Indian television. 25 March 2004. http://www.indiantelevision.com/tube/y2k4/mar/martube17.htm. Retrieved 23 August 2006.
- ^ "Salman still dares to 'bare' at 40". CNN-IBN. 27 December 2005. http://www.ibnlive.com/news/salman-still-dares-to-bare-at-40/2843-8.html. Retrieved 1 December 2007.
- ^ Indo-Asian News Service (15 January 2008). "Salman Khan unveils wax figure at Madame Tussauds". Hindustan Times. http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=ac5beb5b-fe5f-4634-8114-bda3ce468c95&&Headline=Salman+Khan+unveils+wax+figure+at+Madame+Tussauds. Retrieved 15 January 2008.
- ^ "Salman Khan now live at Madame Tussauds". Madametussauds.com. http://www.madametussauds.com/London/OurFigures/Bollywoodstars/SalmanKhan/Default.aspx. Retrieved 2011-12-25.
- ^ "Salman Khan's jeep runs over pavement dwellers, one dead; actor surrenders". Rediff.com. 28 September 2002. http://www.rediff.com/news/2002/sep/28khan.htm.
- ^ Ahmed, Zubair (3 September 2003). "Bollywood homicide charge dropped". BBC News South Asia. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3076990.stm. Retrieved 16 October 2006.
- ^ "Chinkara case: Salman Khan told to appear in person". Times of India. 7 February 2011. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-02-07/india/28547669_1_chinkara-case-bhawad-salman-khan. Retrieved 5 February 2012.
- ^ "Salman granted bail on poaching case". Sify. 13 April 2006. http://sify.com/movies/bollywood/fullstory.php?id=14184053. Retrieved 28 June 2006.
- ^ a b c Salman causes uproar with Mumbai attack comment, aplologises
- ^ a b The Economic Times - Salman Khan apologises over Mumbai attacks remark
- ^ NewsVideo - Youtube
- ^ a b Salman causes uproar with Mumbai attack comment, aplologises
- ^ "Salman in news for the wrong reasons". Tribune of India. 3 March 2002. http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020303/spectrum/main6.htm.
- ^ Ahmed, Afsana; Sharma, Smrity (27 September 2002). "Salman harassing me, says Aishwarya". The Times of India. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/23402266.cms.
- ^ "Police records Salman Khan's voice, Ash keeps mum". The Tribune. 18 July 2005. http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050718/nation.htm#1.
- ^ "Salman cleared in Aishwarya tape case". Associated Press. 16 September 2005. http://www.dawn.com/2005/09/17/int6.htm. Retrieved 23 August 2006.
- ^ "Salman was my first serious relationship: Katrina Kaif". December 7, 2011. http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Tabloid/Salman-was-my-first-serious-relationship-Katrina-Kaif/Article1-778948.aspx.
- ^ "Salman suffering from the suicide disease". August 24, 2011. http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/Cinema-Interviews/Salman-suffering-from-the-suicide-disease/Article1-737044.aspx.
- ^ "The Salman Khan Foundation". December 7, 2011. http://www.beinghumanonline.com/about_foundation.php.
- ^ "SKBH Productions to do charity". Jun 10 2011. http://www.indianexpress.com/news/skbh-productions-to-do-charity/800979.
- ^ "Chillar Party wins 3 National Awards!". Mar 7, 201. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-07/news-interviews/31131842_1_chillar-party-vikas-bahl-national-award.
- ^ Our Bureau. "Business Line : Industry & Economy / Marketing : Salman Khan’s NGO Being Human to launch stores by Feb". Thehindubusinessline.com. http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/marketing/article2717241.ece. Retrieved 2011-12-25.
- ^ "No one-time endorsement fee, stars have more at stake now: Salman?s deal with yatra.com is part of a growing trend". Business Standard. Apr 13, 2012. http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/no-one-time-endorsement-fee-stars-have-more-at-stake-now/471124/.
- ^ http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/marketing/article3328776.ece
- ^ http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Tabloid/Salman-Khan-won-t-endorse-Mountain-Dew/Article1-845891.aspx
- ^ "Salman Khan to help free 400 prison inmates in Uttar Pradesh". http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/salman-to-help-free-400-prison-inmates-in-up/20120127.htm. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
- ^ "Salman Khan in Preity's Ishkq In Paris". April 03, 2012. http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Salman-Khan-in-Preity-s-Ishkq-In-Paris/Article1-834833.aspxl.
- ^ "Salman takes over Kamalistan". March 09, 2012. http://www.mumbaimirror.com/article/30/2012030920120309020135802a0b7334e/Salman-takes-over-Kamalistan.html.
- ^ "Salman Khan to lend voice for Andaz Apna Apna in 3D". 16 APRIL , 2012. http://businessofcinema.com/news.php?newsid=20488.
- ^ "Exclusive info on Salman's next... straight from Sooraj R. Barjatya". May 29, 2012. http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/1443524/Exclusive-info-on-Salman's-next...-straight-from-Sooraj-R.-Barjatya.
- ^ "Baaghi: A Rebel for Love (1990)/Trivia". July 25, 2011. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0099080/trivia.
- ^ "Chandra Mukhi - IMDB Information". May 15, 2012. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0106541/.
Further reading[link]
- Ghosh, Biswadeep (2004). Hall of Fame: Salman Khan. Mumbai: Magna Books. ISBN 81-7809-249-2.
External links[link]
- Salman Khan at the Internet Movie Database
- Salman Khan on Twitter
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Khan, Salman |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Film actor, Television Presenter |
| Date of birth | 27 December 1965 |
| Place of birth | Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Salman_Khan
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Salman Khan
http://id.wn.com/Salman Khan
http://es.wn.com/Salman Khan (actor)
http://pl.wn.com/Salman Khan
http://fr.wn.com/Salman Khan
http://ru.wn.com/Хан, Салман
http://de.wn.com/Salman Khan
http://hi.wn.com/सलमान ख़ान
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_Khan
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Arvind Kejriwal | |
|---|---|
 Arvind Kejriwal |
|
| Born | (1968-06-16) 16 June 1968 (age 44) Hissar, Haryana |
| Education | B.Tech in Mechanical Engineering |
| Alma mater | IIT Kharagpur |
| Organization | Parivartan (परिवर्तन) Public Cause Research Foundation India Against Corruption |
| Political movement | 2012 Indian anti-corruption movement 2011 Indian anti-corruption movement Right to Information Jan Lokpal Bill |
| Religion | Hinduism |
| Children | 3 |
| Website | |
| http://www.pcrf.in/ | |
Arvind Kumar Kejriwal (born 16 June 1968) is a retired Indian Revenue Service officer and an Indian social activist fighting for greater transparency in Government.[1] He was awarded Ramon Magsaysay Award for Emergent Leadership in 2006, for activating India's Right to Information movement at grassroots and social activities to empower the poorest citizens to fight corruption by holding the government answerable to the people.[2][3][2][2] Kejriwal is also a Saathi (fellow) of the Association for India's Development,[4] a Global Impact award winning NGO.[5]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Arvind Kejriwal was born in a Marwari family in Hissar, Haryana in 1968.[1] His father was an engineer and he spent most of his childhood living in small northern Indian towns like Sonepat, Mathura and Hissar. He did his schooling from Campus School.[6] Kejriwal graduated from IIT Kharagpur as a Mechanical engineer in 1989.[7][8]
Career[link]
Kejriwal joined Tata Steel right after his graduation from IIT Kharagpur. Kejriwal quit his job with Tata Steel in 1992[citation needed] and spent some time working with Mother Teresa's Missionaries of Charity in Kolkata, the Ramakrishna Mission in the North-East India and Nehru Yuva Kendra.[9][10]
Kejriwal joined the Indian Revenue Service in 1995 after qualifying the highly competitive IAS examination.[10] In February 2006, he voluntarily resigned from the IRS as Joint Commissioner in IT Department.[11] After voluntary resignation from job, he founded Parivartan, a Delhi based citizens’ movement which works on ensuring a just, transparent and accountable governance. In December 2006, Kejriwal along with Manish Sisodia and Abhinandan Sekhri started Public Cause Research Foundation, which works for promoting better local self governance and RTI related campaigns[12]
Right to Information[link]
He along with Aruna Roy and others, campaigned for the Right to Information Act (RTI), which soon became a silent social movement, Delhi Right to Information Act was passed in 2001[7] and eventually at national level Indian Parliament passed the RTI in 2005. Thereafter, in July 2006, he spearheaded an awareness campaign for RTI across India.[13] To motivate others Arvind has now instituted an RTI Award through his organisation.[14] Kejriwal has been using RTI in corruption cases in many government departments including the Income Tax department, the Municipal Corporation of Delhi, the Public Distribution System (PDS), the Delhi Electricity Board and others.[9][15]
Jan Lokpal Bill[link]
As a member of India Against Corruption (IAC) Kejriwal is an active participant in the movement for the enactment of Jan Lokpal Bill. He is considered a key figure along with social activist Anna Hazare.[16] On August 16, 2011, Key members of the India Against Corruption including Kejriwal, Kiran Bedi, and Manish Sisodia were arrested four hours before the planned indefinite hunger strike by Hazare.[17] Rajan Bhagat, spokesman for Delhi Police, said police arrested Hazare under a legal provision that bans public gatherings and protests at the park in Delhi where Hazare was planning to begin his hunger strike. Activists were later released same day although they spent two more days in the Tihar jail negotiating conditions put on protest.[18] Kejriwal left the jail on August 18 and the protests started the following day from Ramlila Maidan in Delhi.[19] After twelve days of protests and many discussions between the government and the activists, Parliament passed a resolution to consider three points in drafting of Lokpal bill.[20]
Controversies[link]
Swami Agnivesh a former colleague of Kejriwal in Team Anna accused Arvind Kejriwal of diverting money from India Against Corruption (IAC) fund to his (Kejriwal's) own NGO. Kejriwal allegedly deposited Rs 70-80 lakh from IAC fund in his own NGO. The money was raised as the donation to IAC.[21] Mr. Kejriwal responded to the allegation that the IAC was a "movement" not an institution and that PCRF was working as a secretariat for IAC.[22]
In an article published in the Hindu newspaper in 22 August 2011, Booker prize winning author and civil rights activist Arundhati Roy alleged that an NGO run by Kejriwal received a donation of USD 400,000 from the Ford Foundation in the past 3 years.[23] Arvind Kejriwal has since admitted that the NGO Kabir he runs along with Manish Sisodia, did receive funds from the New York-based Ford Foundation, but pointed out that it had stopped about two years ago. Kejriwal dismissed the view held by some which suggested that Ford Foundation has historically been linked to CIA, the US intelligence agency that used it for channeling funds to its recipients in foreign countries.[24][25]
Personal life[link]
Kejriwal is married to Sunita, who is an IRS officer his batchmate from National Academy of Administration in Mussoorie.[8] They live just outside Delhi with their two children.[10] and presently Additional Director in Serious Fraud Investigation Office.
Awards[link]
- 2004: Ashoka Fellow, Civic Engagement.[9]
- 2005: 'Satyendra K. Dubey Memorial Award', IIT Kanpur for his campaign for bringing transparency in Government.[7]
- 2006: Ramon Magsaysay Award for Eminent Leadership.[2][3]
- 2006: CNN-IBN, 'Indian of the Year' in Public Service[26]
- 2009: Distinguished Alumnus Award, IIT Kharagpur for Eminent Leadership.[1]
- 2010: Policy Change Agent of the Year, The Economic Times Awards for Corporate Excellence along with Aruna Roy.[27]
- 2011: NDTV Indian of the Year along with Anna Hazare[28]
Arvind Kejariwal has also won an IIM Gold Medal.
Books[link]
The Right to Information : Vyawharik Margdarshika - Co-Author - Vishnu Rajgadia, Published by Rajkamal Prakashan, New Delhi. in the year 2008.[citation needed]
Slipper Attack on Kejriwal[link]
Team Anna member Arvind Kejriwal was attacked by a youth with a slipper during attending a program in Jhulelal Park Lucknow, India under India Against Corruption (IAC) anti-graft campaign.[29]
After the incident, the accused was caught by the IAC volunteers and handed over to the police. Later, Mr. Kejriwal asked that the accused be released and did not file any FIR against him.[30]
The accused was identified as Jitendra Pathak of Uttar Pradesh’s Jalaun district, who worked for the Indian National Congress from 2006-2009 and is a former member of Congress Sewa Dal.[31] He was not a mere party worker but was responsible for key areas in Jhansi. As per the accused acceptance, he considers Rahul Gandhi as his role model.[32][33]
Kejriwal's attacker Jitendra Pathak has been sacked from his job. He is working in a private construction company Ansh Project Service, Lucknow.[34] On the other hand, Arvind Kejriwal has written a letter to the chairman of the company to take back their decision and to retain the accused. As per Kejriwal's ideology, violence can be stopped by non-violence only and taking Jitendra's job is violence against the accused and his family.[35]
In a Sting operation done by India TV in Lucknow, the slipper threatened a bomb attack during Anna Hazare's anti-graft movement in Uttar Pradesh .[36]
See also[link]
- Right to Information Act
- Jan Lokpal Bill
- India Against Corruption
- 2012 Indian anti-corruption movement
- 2011 Indian anti-corruption movement
References[link]
- ^ a b c "Distinguished Alumnus of IIT Kharagpur". http://www.iitkgp.ac.in/top-awardees/daa1.php?Sl=61. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
- ^ a b c d Citation The 2006 Ramon Magsaysay Award for Emergent Leadership-CITATION.
- ^ a b "Magsaysay to Kejriwal". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 1 August 2006. http://www.hindu.com/2006/08/01/stories/2006080109870101.htm. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
- ^ "Association for India's Development". http://www.aidprojects.org/projects-view-1.asp?login=guest&id=944. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
- ^ "For this NGO, all roads lead to India". Times of India. September 20, 2011. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-20/india/30179711_1_aid-binayak-sen-funds. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
- ^ http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Biography/pdfbio/KejriwalArv.pdf
- ^ a b c Profile IIT Kanpur Alumni Association. Satyendra K. Dubey Memorial Award citation.
- ^ a b Hauzel, Hoihnu (Saturday, September 30, 2006). "Fighting the odds". The Telegraph. http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060930/asp/weekend/story_6784531.asp. Retrieved 20 August 2011.
- ^ a b c "Arvind Kejriwal". http://www.ashoka.org/fellow/2529.
- ^ a b c Sivanand, Mohan. "Arvind Kejriwal’s Quest for Change". Rreaders Digest. http://www.readersdigest.co.in/Arvind-Kejriwal-Quest-for-Change. Retrieved 20 August 2011.
- ^ Press Trust of India (2011-12-21), "Federal Government accepts Kejriwal's resignation after six years in 2011", CNN-IBN, http://ibnlive.in.com/news/govt-accepts-kejriwals-resignation/213611-37-64.html, retrieved 2011-12-21
- ^ "Public Cause Research Foundation. Arvind Kejriwal has also won IIM Gold Medal For the best student. | About". http://www.pcrf.in/aboutus.html. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
- ^ Don’t throttle RTI Arvind Kejriwal, livemint, Jul 6 2007.
- ^ "RTI Awards 2010 | About RTI". http://www.rtiawards.org/aboutrti.html. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
- ^ "Team Anna member Kejriwal decides to pay dues". Deccan Chronicle. http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/nation/north/team-anna-member-kejriwal-decides-pay-dues-623. Retrieved 13 November 2011.
- ^ "What is the Jan Lokpal Bill, why it's important". NDTV. http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/what-is-the-jan-lokpal-bill-why-its-important-96600&cp. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
- ^ "Anna Hazare IS the movement". Rediff. http://www.rediff.com/news/report/anna-hazare-is-the-movement/20110823.htm. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
- ^ "Anna Hazare refuses to leave Tihar Jail, says allow fast at JP Park". NDTV. August 17, 2011. http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/anna-hazare-to-be-released-from-tihar-jail-tonight-say-sources-126962. Retrieved 29 August 2011.
- ^ "Anna to stay in Tihar till venue is ready". Times of India. 18 Aug 2011. http://www.timesnow.tv/Kejriwal-leaves-Tihar-jail-Anna-next/articleshow/4381598.cms. Retrieved 29 August 2011.
- ^ "Agreed! says Parliament to Anna; fast ends at 10 am". NDTV. August 28, 2011. http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/absolutely-says-parliament-to-anna-no-vote-required-fast-ends-at-10-am-129474. Retrieved 29 August 2011.
- ^ {http://news.oneindia.in/2011/10/23/kejriwal-in-money-stealing-row-agnivesh-fuels-up-fire.html}
- ^ "“Hang us if you feel we are tainted, but bring Lokpal Bill”". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 26 October 2011. http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article2571614.ece.
- ^ Roy, Arundhati (22 August 2011). "I'd rather not be Anna". The Hindu (Chennai, India). http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/article2380789.ece.
- ^ http://www.indiatvnews.com/news/India/Kejriwal_Admits_His_NGO_Took_Money_From_Ford_Foundatio_-10340.html
- ^ http://www.ratical.org/ratville/CAH/FordFandCIA.html
- ^ "CNN IBN - INDIAN OF THE YEAR". http://www.indianoftheyear.com/2007/winner_2006.html. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
- ^ "ET Awards: The top 10 of 2010". The Economic Times. 7 Oct, 2010. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/features/et-awards-the-top-10-of-2010/articleshow/6703195.cms?curpg=2. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
- ^ "NDTV Indian of the Year 2011". ndtv.com. http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/ndtv-indian-of-the-year-2011-142183. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
- ^ "Kejriwal Attacked with Slipper". 18 October 2011. http://www.deccanherald.com/content/198891/kejriwal-attacked-slipper.html. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
- ^ "Team Anna condemns attack on Kejriwal". Economic Times. 18 October 2011. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/team-anna-condemns-attack-on-kejriwal-demands-independent-probe/articleshow/10405900.cms. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
- ^ "Arvind Kejriwal attacked with Slipper by a Congress Seva Dal Member". 19 October 2011. http://www.youngkingdom.com/2011/10/arvind-kejriwal-attacked-with-slipper-by-jitendra-pathak-a-congress-sewa-dal-member/. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
- ^ "Kejriwal attacker was in Congress". 19 October 2011. http://news.oneindia.in/2011/10/19/arvind-kejriwal-shoe-attacker-rahul-gandhi-fan.html. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
- ^ "Kejriwal attacker is a Rahul Gandhi fan". 19 October 2011. http://www.firstpost.com/politics/kejriwal-attacker-says-he-was-in-congress-seva-dal-says-no-way-111200.html. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
- ^ "Kejriwal attacker sacked job". 20 October 2011. http://www.deccanherald.com/content/199282/kejriwal-attacker-sacked-job.html. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
- ^ "Kejriwal letter to chairman". 20 October 2011. http://www.scribd.com/doc/69597151/Arvind-Kejriwal-s-letter-regarding-Jitendra-Pathak-s-dismissal. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
- ^ "Planning to attack on Anna & Medha Patkar". The Times Of India. 12 November 2011. http://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/10695464.cms. Retrieved 12 November 2011.
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Arvind Kejriwal |
- 'Parivartan' Official website
- 'Arvind Kejriwal' website
- 'Public Cause Research Foundation' Official website
- 'The Insurgent' by MEHBOOB JEELANI, The Caravan
- Arvind Kejriwal Interview BBC Hindi
- Arvind Kejriwal Interview BBC Hindi - Audio
- Jaago Re! "Usse kuchh farak padega kya?": Arvind Kejriwal on fighting corruption in India
- An Interview with Arvind Kejriwal
- 'Lokraj Andolan'
- 'India Against Corruption'
- 'Valmik Thapar Interviews Arvind Kejriwal'
- Follow Jan Lokpal Bill Movement
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Kejriwal, Arvind |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 16 June 1968 |
| Place of birth | Hissar, Haryana |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Arvind_Kejriwal
Related pages:
http://hi.wn.com/अरविंद केजरीवाल
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arvind_Kejriwal
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Kumar Vishwas | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Occupation | Professor, Poet, Associate Professor |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Citizenship | Indian |
| Education | M.A., PhD., DLit |
| Genres | Romantic Poetry |
| Notable award(s) | Hindi-Punjabi Award Committee, Uttar Pradesh “Sahitya Shree-2006” Geet Shree 2010 |
|
www.kumarvishwas.com |
|
Kumar Vishwas' (डॉ. कुमार विश्वास ) (also spelt as Vishvas or Vishwas) (born 10 February 1970) is a renowned Hindi Poet and a professor of Hindi Literature from Pilkhuwa[1], Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh.
Contents |
Early life and education[link]
Kumar Vishwas was born on 10 February 1970, in Pilkhuwa, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh in a Gaur Brahmin family. He is the youngest among four brothers and a sister. He started his schooling from Lala Ganga Sahay School, Pilkhuwa where he spent a part of his childhood. His father Dr. Chandra Pal Sharma was Lecturer in R.S.S. Degree College, Pilkhuwa affiliated to Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut and his mother Smt. Rama Sharma is a home maker. After completing his intermediate from Rajputana Regiment Inter College, Pilkhuwa, his father wanted him to be an Engineer, but he had a passion for Poetry right from the childhood. He took no interest in engineering and decided to make career in the field of Poetry. He did Post Graduation in Hindi Literature.
Career[link]
Vishvas started his career as a professor in the year 1994 from Rajasthan. He has been teaching Hindi Literature to higher class students of Lala Lajpat Rai College for the last sixteen years.[1]
Works and achievements[link]
Vishvas is a Poet of Hindi language. He is a poet of Shringara-Ras (Romantic Genre).[2] He has participated in several Kavi sammelan and is a very renowned poet.
His fan communities on social networking websites like Orkut,[3] and Facebook[4] have largest number of fans as compared to other Hindi poets.[citation needed] Also, his videos on YouTube have in excess of 40 million views.[5] His website[6] is a frequently visited website among youths.[citation needed]
Dr Kumar Vishvas has written the 'Kul-Geet' or the University Anthem of Chaudhary Charan Singh University.[7]
Besides being a known face among Hindi-knowing people across the world as a Poet, Dr Kumar Vishvas has been involving himself in several Social works. He is an active and renowned member of the Civil Society. He has been an integral part of Veteran Social Leader Anna Hazare's 'India against corruption' mission along with Mr Arvind Kejriwal and Mr Manish Sisodia for which he was arrested on 16 August 2011.[8]
Performances[link]
Vishvas has been performing regularly in Kavi sammelan all over India and abroad. The list includes Thapar University, BIT SINDRI, Sindri , INDIAN SCHOOL OF MINES, Dhanbad, Jamia Hamdard University, IIIT Hyderabad, RKGIT Ghaziabad, NIFT Gandhinagar, IIT Guwahati, NIT ROURKELA, IIT Kanpur, IIT Roorkee,[9] IIT Kharagpur,[10] IIT Bubaneshwar,[11] Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi,[12] DA-IICT Gandhinagar, B.J. Medical College Ahmadabad , Sri Ram Murti Smarak College of Engineering and Technology Bareilly, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College Moradabad, MNIT Jaipur, Management Development Institute Gurgaon, Fore School of Management New Delhi, NIT Surat, B.S.Anangpuria Institute of Technology and Management Faridabad,[13] KIIT University Bhubaneswar,[14] NSIT Delhi, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra IIITM Gwalior, CDGI INDORE,[15] Jawaharlal Nehru University Delhi,[16] MNNIT Allahabad,[17] NIT Patna,[18][19] IIM Lucknow,[20] NIT Jalandhar,[21] NIT Trichy,[22] NIT Durgapur, BITS, Pilani,[23] LNCT Bhopal,[24] MERI Kolkata, [(Maharaja Sayaji Rao University ,Baroda|http://www.msubaroda.ac.in/)] B.I.T. Sindri,[25] IET Lucknow, SSGPURC hoshiarpur, JIIT, Noida[26], KNIT Sultanpur and MITS, Gwalior[27], Institute of Technology- BHU and Babasaheb Naik College Of Engineering Pusad.(Maharashtra)and several other institutions across India.
He has also been a part of corporate celebration across India.[citation needed]
Besides performing in almost all parts of India, Dr Kumar Vishvas has also performed in countries like USA,[28] Dubai,[29] Singapore[30], Japan [31] Muscat, Abu Dhabi, Nepal etc.
Awards[link]
- Kavya – Kumar in 1994 by Dr. Kunwar Baichain Kavya samman avam puruskaar samiti[32]
- Dr. Suman Alankarna in 2004 by Sahitya Bharti, Unnao.[32]
- Sahitya Shree - 2006 by Hindi-Punjabi Award Academy.[33]
- Dr Urmilesh "Geet Shree" Samman, 2010 by Dr Urmilesh Jan Chetna Samiti, Badaun.[34]
References[link]
- ^ 086 L R COLLEGE, SAHIBABAD mark Sheet of ccs university, meerut PDF Download
- ^ कुमार विश्वास - Kavita Kosh
- ^ orkut
- ^ Niet compatibele browser | Facebook
- ^ YouTube - kavita really nice... Dr. Kumar vishwas
- ^ Dr Kumar Vishvas
- ^ http://ccsuniversity.ac.in/new/Kulgeet.htm
- ^ http://mediamusic.bhadas4media.com/home/viewvideo/318/--society-concern/kumar-vishwas-appeals-to-join-anna-hazare-hunger-strike-for-lokpal-bill.html
- ^ Uttarakhand Traffic: Dr Kumar Vishwas at IIT roorkee in Kavi Samelan
- ^ Kumar Vishwas at Hasya Kavi Sammelan, Springfest 2009, IIT Kharagpur video izle
- ^ Orissa HRD
- ^ Algorhythm 2011
- ^ http://wwwB.S..thehindubusinessline.com/2010/11/12/stories/2010111252762300.htm
- ^ Player | TipTik.in
- ^ Koi Deewana Kehta - by Dr. Kumar Vishvas - Video
- ^ http://soties.blogspot.com/2010/01/kumar-vishwas-in-jnu.html
- ^ Kumar Vishwas New Kavita March (2010) MNNIT Part 8
- ^ Dr. Kumar Vishwas @ NIT PATNA Videos, Watch Free Dr. Kumar Vishwas @ NIT PATNA Videos Online : IN.com
- ^ Mahakal Institute of Technology, Ujjain
- ^ The Official Blog of IIM Lucknow
- ^ CEREBRUM AT ANAND ENGG. COLLEGE,AGRA Utkansh'10, NIT- Jalandhar presents Utkansh 2010,Annual Cultural Festival | Events Home
- ^ Nit Trichy Timeline
- ^ BITS Pilani Oasis Festival – BITS Pilani to host 40th Oasis Festival on 22-26 October 2010 | Press Release
- ^ KUMAR VISHWAS AT LNCT BHOPAL YUVA UTSAV - Filestube Video Search
- ^ Niet compatibele browser | Facebook
- ^ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaypee_Institute_of_Information_Technology
- ^ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhav_Institute_of_Technology_and_Science
- ^ India Abroad - June 4, 2010
- ^ Indian Mushaira in DSF | Dubai Travel News
- ^ Hindi poet on a peace mission - International News – News – MSN India
- ^ http://iskconjapan.com/diwali2011.html
- ^ a b kavi sammelan,hasya kavi sammelan,hindi kavi sammelan,kavi sammelan video,hindi poems
- ^ http://international.zeenews.com/inner1.asp?aid=197170&ssid=8&sid=ART
- ^ हिन्दी मीडिया । मीडिया चैनल । खबरें
External links[link]
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Viswas, Kumar |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Indian poet |
| Date of birth | 10 Februarj |
| Place of birth | Pilkhuwa, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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http://hi.wn.com/कुमार विश्वास
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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