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Part of a series on
Sunni Islam
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Schools of Law (Shariah)
Hanafi · Maliki · Shafi`i · Hanbali · Zahiri
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v t e

Athari (Arabic: أثري), or "textualism" is derived from the Arabic word athar, literally meaning "remnant", and also referring to "narrations". Their disciples are called the Atharis. The Atharis are considered to be one of three Sunni schools of Aqidah: Athari, Ash'ari, and Maturidi.

Views[link]

The Athari methodology of textual interpretation is to avoid delving into extensive theological speculation. They believe in Allah and his characteristics in the fashion that they were mentioned in the Quran, the Sunnah and by the Sahabah. They do not attempt to further interpret the aforementioned texts through tamtheel (anthropomorphism), nor through tahrif (distortion), ta‘weel (figurative interpretation), tamthil (making a likeness), tashbih (resemblance), nor ta’teel (denial). They avoid entering into deep rational philosophical discussions of matters relating to Islamic beliefs that are not supported by the Quran, the Sunnah or the understanding of the Sahabah with specific wording; rather, their discussion and presentation of beliefs revolves entirely around textual evidences found in these sources, without taking the path of the literal anthropomorphists either. The Atharis believe this to be the methodology adhered to by the first three generations of Muslims (i.e. the Salaf), therefore making it the school of Sunni Aqidah that they believe is the closest to the truth.

Due to the emphasis of the Hanbali school of thought on textualism, Muslims who are Hanbali usually prefer the Athari methodology in Aqidah. However, Atharis are not exclusively Hanbali, many Muslims from other schools of thought adhere to the Athari school of Aqidah also.

Prominent figures[link]

While there is no precise founder of this school of creed within Islam, Ahmad ibn Hanbal is often pointed to as an early champion of the Athari creed. This became a serious issue within the Muslim World during the Mu'tazili controversy over the belief of the Qur'an being created, rather than being the Speech of Allah.

One of the earliest texts that outlined the Athari creed was the famous tract of Imam al-Tahawi, al-Aqidah al-Tahawiyyah (The Creed of al-Tahawi). The other two schools of Sunni Islamic theology, the Ash'ari and the Maturidi schools, are also fundamentally based on The Creed of al-Tahawi, with a number of differences in their directions.

See also[link]

• Islamic schools and branches
• Salafi
• Zahiri

References[link]

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Kadim Al Sahir
Background information
Birth name	Kadim Jabbar Al Samarai
Born	(1957-09-12) September 12, 1957 (age 54)
Origin	Samarra, Iraq
Genres	Classical Crossover
Occupations	Musician Composer Singer Songwriter
Years active	1980s–present
Labels	Music Box Al-Nazaer Stallions Music Master Relax-In Rotana

Kadim Al Sahir (Arabic: كاظم الساهر‎; born September 12, 1957 in Mosul, Iraq), is an Iraqi singer, composer, and poet. He has been dubbed the "Caesar of Arabic Song", and "Iraq’s Ambassador to the world".

Kadim Al Sahir, whose first name is also written alternatively as Kazem, Kadhem, Kathem, Kazim and his family name alternatively as Saher, El Saher and Al Saher, has established himself as one of the most successful singers in the history of the Arab World, having sold more than 100 million albums worldwide since the start of his career. Ranging from big romantic ballads to more political work, from pop to Arab classical music.

Biography[link]

Al Sahir was born in Mosul in 1957 to a Shiaa mother from Najaf and a Sunni father from Samarra. His father lived in Baghdad, but was a Samarra native from the tribe of Albu Daraj. He grew up and spent a large part of his life in Alhurrya city in Baghdad. He is the son of a palace worker and has nine siblings.

Apart from his mother, Al Saher's family were never supportive of his direction in becoming a musician. They had no faith in him that he would become successful, and instead wanted him to become a doctor or a lawyer. Sahir's brother once took him to a different places where people sing, and told him it's your choice to sing a respectful way and choose the good or the bad way. He said that the only way to achieve success is if you respect your music and respect yourself,^[1] He has two sons (Omar & Wissam).

Early life[link]

He excelled in his studies and entered the Teachers Institute where he graduated in 1978 and was appointed as a teacher in a school in Mousal. At age twenty-one he enrolled at the Baghdad Institute of Music where he studied for around 6 years. His interest in music grew as he listened to songs via the radio that offered him the chance to become familiar with the works of composers such as Mohammed Abdel Wahab. When he was ten, he began writing songs. After selling his bicycle, Al Saher purchased a guitar at the age of twelve, and began learning the arts of the guitar for about three months before writing a classical song. It was his first instrument.^[2] He later switched to the oud, a much more common (and complex) instrument, and was accepted into the Baghdad Music Academy at the age of twenty-one. Although keen to break through in the music business with his songs and voice, he found himself rebuffed by all the producers he approached, who would only let him sing their own material. Instead, he used the back door to gain entry to the industry.

Professional career[link]

1980–1999: Rise to fame[link]

One of his first videos was made in collaboration with one of his friends that happened to be a television director. The song in question was "Ladghat El Hayya" (The Snake Bite), which was broadcast on Iraqi television in 1987, one year before the end of the Iran–Iraq War. The song was the source of a major controversy due to particular sensitivities that were common during that era. Iraqi television officials asked him to either change the lyrics or have it banned. His refusal to change the lyrics and its consequent ban only helped to increase the popularity of the song. He began giving concerts all over the Persian Gulf and recording his music with Kuwaiti labels.

A year later, he had a hit with "Obart Al Shat" (I crossed the river). Some of his professors at the Academy denounced it as sha'bi (pop) music, anathema to those who taught classical music. Al Saher had managed to circumvent the system and had become a star on his own terms—he even undertook his first U.S. tour in 1989. Having conquered pop, Al Saher turned around and established himself in the Arabic classical world with "La Ya Sadiki" (No, My Friend), a magnum opus that lasted almost an hour and found him using maqams (scales) that hadn't been used in Iraqi music in several decades, revitalizing a tradition.

In 1991 and due to the Persian Gulf War, Al Saher transferred his base of operations to Jordan where he lived with his family for a few years. He considers living in Jordan as an important period of his life and career success later on. Al Saher performed some of his most successful concerts which were held in Jerash and produced two successful albums Sameer Baghdadi Studios in Amman, Jordan. After that he moved to Lebanon, where he met and formed a songwriting partnership with Syrian poet Nizar Qabbani in 1996, who wrote lyrics to his music, before settling permanently in Cairo. Qabbani wrote the lyrics to more than 30 of Al Saher's songs. In addition to Qabbani’s poems, Al Saher sang both political and romantic songs for Iraq and Baghdad, highlighting the feelings of the citizens of Iraq as well as their tragedies.

Al Saher continued to release albums and tour, having become the biggest name in Middle Eastern music, one whose ballads grew bigger and more romantic, but who would write classically influenced works, even when they might hurt his popularity.

By 1998, he had ten albums under his belt and was lauded as an artist, not just a pop star. That prestige brought him wider fame and a growing international reputation that won him a UNICEF award for his song "Tathakkar", which he performed in the U.S. for Congress and the United Nations — one of the first real post-Gulf War cultural exchanges. The following year, he recorded a tribute to the Pope with the Italian Symphony Orchestra.

2000–present[link]

While still a fan of large orchestras, whose sweep helps define his music, he has remained open to technological innovation, even going so far as to allow a remix (by fusionists Transglobal Underground) of his song "La Titnahad", taken from his 2000 release El Hob El Moustahil (The Impossible Love), the first of his albums to be given an official American release.

In 2003 Al Sahir colloborated with Lenny Kravitz and released an anti-war song at Rock The Vote, titled "We Want Peace", and shortly afterward released a song entitled "The War Is Over" (Entahat al harab) with Sarah Brightman, which was released on her album Harem and his album Hafiat Al-Kadamain which was highly praised in the middle east. Both of these international duets were executive produced by Dergham Owainati, of EMI Music Arabia, for Kadim's part. In 2004, Al Sahir continued to work with various international artists including Grammy Award-winning producers KC Porter, and Quincy Jones. His collaboration "Love & Compassion" (Hob Wa Haneen) was the title track for the Arab American National Museum Collector's edition honoring the artists that have made the most significant difference with international audiences. The track features Grammy winning singer/songwriter Paula Cole, Def Jam recording artist Karina Pasian, and Luis Conte, produced by KC Porter and Dawn Elder.^[3]

In 2004 he participated in the worldwide broadcast concert special "We are the Future" concert produced by Quincy Jones and coordinated by Dawn Elder at the Roman Maximos Stadium in Rome for the benefit of the children of the world. In December 2004 he participated in the opening of the Gulf Football Championship (Khaleeji 17) in which he performed the return of Iraq Operette which was broadcast live on 10 satellite channels. Additionally, in 2004 he was the first Arab artist to participate in Unity, the official album of the 2004 Summer Olympics. Releasing his album Ila Tilmitha on November 11, 2004. The album contains collaborations with the Moroccan Asma Lmnawar whom kadim discovered earlier and introduced to the Arab world in her first due song with kadim "ashko ayaman". The album also included the song "Ahbeni" written by the late poet Nizar Qabbani, shoot as a video clip by Husien Duibes and it was a major hit in the year 2004 along side with the song "Ila Tilmitha"

Major achievements on the artistic and humanitarian level, we were able to raise your interest and convince you that he definitely deserves to be awarded the AUB Honorary Doctorate in the field of Arts and Culture for the year 2006. The United Nations Children's Fund, or UNICEF, named Alsaher as the new goodwill ambassador for Iraq for the year 2011. For Alsaher, this was a compeling reason to visit his country after 14 years ^[4]

He sang Bokra "Tomorrow", a charity single that was released on 11/11/2011 at 11:11PM, along with Latifa Altonesyah, Rim Banna, Akon, Tamer Hosni, Diana Karazon, Marwan Khoury, Latifa, Souad Massi, Hani Mitwassi, Saber El Robai, Wa'ed, Sherine and other Arab Artists. The single will distribute the proceeds of its donations to various organisations, institutions and charities with arts and culture programs. The eight minute song was written by Majida Al-Roumi, and produced by Quincy Jones and RedOne. More information about the song can be found on www.tomorrowbokra.org.

Charity work[link]

Over the past 15 years, Al Sahir has participated in many charity concerts. Some of the most important charitable concerts that Al Sahir has performed are the Royal Albert Hall concerts. It all started in 1997, when he performed Remember "Tathakar" song for the first time the audience was brought to tears during his performance.

His second concert on May 23, 2004 was in honor of the children in the Middle East. The concert was a great success. The concert was sponsored by the Melkonian Foundation. The profits of this concert were donated to this foundation. This foundation supports over 50000 children.

His third concert was held on March 14, 2006. The profits of the concert were also donated to the Melkonian Foundation.

Al Sahir has participated in many concerts in Egypt for the benefit of children with cancer. And he has held numerous charity concerts in Algeria, Jordan, Lebanon, Tunisia and Iraq.

There are many other charity concerts that he has held, and he has donated money to many organizations. He does not like to discuss this part of his career, because he believes that people should not boast.

• Basma charity foundation – Tunis 2004
• Charity box – Tunis 1997
• Orphans charity foundation – Lebanon 2002
• Cancer Hospital – Jordan 2005
• Cancer children hospital – Egypt 2002
• Women in country side charity box 2002
• Jordan river foundation – Jordan 2005
• Melkonian Foundation – London 2004, 2006
• Victims of the Cairo train wreck in 2002
• Algeria victims of earthquake 2002
• War victims in Afghanistan 2002
• We are the future event 2004^{[citation needed]}

Awards[link]

• Honored by the Secretary General of the Arab League and by ministries of culture and tourism across the Arab world with first class accolades.
• In 1993 he received the Medal of Ambassador of Iraqi Song.
• In 1996 and 2001 he was honored at the Cairo Festival of the Arab Song.
• In 1997 he was awarded the Medal of Creativity by the Union of Iraqi Artists.
• In 1998 he received the UNICEF Award for his song Tathakar (Remember).
• In 2000 he was honored by the Tunisian president with the Cultural Medal of 2nd rank and with the Cultural Medal of 1st rank in 2004.
• In 2001 he received Al-Hussein Medal for Excellence from 1st rank from Jordan.
• In 2002,his song “Ana Wa Leila” was ranked 6th among the ten best songs in the world on BBC, and was the only Arabic song listed.
• In 2002 he was honored by the Opera House in Sydney.
• In 2004 he won the BBC Radio 3 World Music Award for the Middle East and North Africa in addition to the Audience Award and he received both awards in a special concert done in Edinburgh, Scotland.
• In 2005 he was honored during the Fez Festival in Morocco and given the City of Fez Key.
• In 2010 he received The Best Arab Male Singer Award in the Jordan Awards

-As well as various international awards and certificates such as the Key of Sydney which had been granted to Frank Sinatra, Queen Ann’s Royal Albert Hall Certificate of Artistic Recognition, Britain’s Royal Academy award, Australia Broadcast Corporation’s (A.B.C.) International Music Competition Award, UNICEF’s Recognition Award, and the Academic Honorary Award by the Royal Academy of Science International.

Personal life[link]

His father worked in the local palace, and although his government wage did not make him a rich man, he raised ten children. The youngest of seven brothers, Kadim took a keen interest in classical music as a boy. He sat by the radio and learned to sing works by masters like Mohamed Abdel Wahab, Abdel Halim Hafez, Nazim Al Ghazali, and Fairuz. At age ten, he sold his bicycle to buy his first instrument, a guitar, but after a year of study on guitar, he switched to the oud, the principal composers' instrument in the Arab world. Kadim wrote his first song at twelve, a romantic piece in the classical style, composed for a girl he liked. He used to work with his father in early age after school to help the family . He excelled in his studies and entered the Teachers Institute where he graduated in 1978 and was appointed as a teacher in a school in Mousal. At age twenty-one he enrolled at the Baghdad Institute of Music where he studied for around 6 years. He got married at early age, and is currently divorced. He left his country Iraq in the early 90’s after the Gulf War and has found a home since in every Arab country. He is not settled yet in one country and moves mainly between Cairo, Dubai, Beirut and Paris. he has two sons "Wisam Al Sahir" who is married and "Omar Al Sahir" . Kadim is a grandfather to a girl, her name is Sana .

Discography[link]

Albums[link]

• Shajart Al-Zeitoon (The Olive Tree)(1984)
• Ghazal (Gazelle) (1989) Music Box
• Al-Aziz (The Beloved) (1990) Al-Nazaer
• La Ya Sadiki (No, My Friend) (1991) Music Box
• Efrah (Be Happy) (1992) Stallions
• Banat Alaebak (Your Tricks are Over) (1993)
• Salamtek Min Al-Ah (1994) Rotana
• Baad Al-Hob (After Love) (1995) Relax-In
• Aghsili Bilbard (Wash [my heart] with Hail) (1996) Rotana
• Fi Medreset Al-Hob (In the School of Love) (1997) Rotana
• Ana Wa Laila (Me and Laila) (11/28/1998) Rotana
• Habibeti Wa Al-Matar (My Lover and the Rain) (1/1/1999) Rotana
• Al-Hob Al-Mustaheel (Impossible Love) (7/27/2000) Rotana
• Abhathu Anki (Searching For You) (9/28/2001) Rotana
• Qusat Habebain (A Story of Two Lovers) (1/1/2002) Rotana
• Hafiat Al-Kadamain (Barefooted) (6/29/2003) Rotana
• Ila Tilmitha (To a Student) (11/11/2004) Rotana
• Entaha al Mushwar (The Journey Is Over) (11/1/2005) Rotana
• Yawmiyat Rajul Mahzoum (Diary of a Defeated Man) (3/29/2007) Rotana
• Souwar (Images) (8/30/2008) Rotana
• Al Rasm Bel Kalimat (Drawing with Words) (10/14/2009) Rotana
• La Tazedeh Lawa' (Don't make it more anguish) (1/30/2011) Rotana

References[link]

External links[link]

• www.KadimAlSahir.org
• www.facebook.com/KadimAlSahir.official

Zenga Zenga is an auto-tuned song and viral YouTube video that parodied the late Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi. The song, released on February 22, 2011, quickly became popular among the Libyan opposition active in the 2011 Libyan civil war.

The song was created by Noy Alooshe, an Israeli journalist and musician. The original video has more than 4 million views and the edited "clean" version has surpassed 1 million hits.

Background[link]

Former Libyan ruler Muammar Gaddafi

On February 22, 2011, Gaddafi gave a televised speech amidst violent social unrest against his government. In the speech (said in Arabic), Gaddafi vowed to hunt down protesters "inch by inch, house by house, home by home, alleyway by alleyway [zenga zenga]."^[1]

An Israeli journalist and musician, Noy Alooshe, was watching the speech and saw Gaddafi's strange dress and gesticulations as something out of a trance party. Using the natural beat of Gaddafi's words, Alooshe spent a few hours at his computer and using Auto-Tune technology set the speech to the music of "Hey Baby," a song by American rapper Pitbull featuring another American rap artist, T-Pain. The original video features clips from Gaddafi's speech alongside mirror images of a scantily clad woman dancing.^[1]

Alooshe titled the new song "Zenga Zenga," based on Gaddafi's repetition in his speech of the word zanqa, Arabic for alleyway in the Libyan dialect. American comedian Conan O'Brien ostensibly first popularized the transformation of zanqa into "zenga zenga" and Alooshe named the clip accordingly.^[2] By early Wednesday morning in Israel, Alooshe had uploaded the "electro hip hop remix" to YouTube. By Sunday night, through promotion on Twitter and Facebook, the video had gone viral, receiving nearly 500,000 hits.^[1]

Reception[link]

Reactions were largely positive, presumably from members of the Libyan opposition who embraced it for its mockery of Gaddafi. Some also found the video distasteful, not only because it contains a woman provocatively dancing, but also because the creator of the video, Alooshe, is an Israeli Jew.^[1] At the request of web users who wanted to be able to share the video with their more conservative parents, Alooshe created another version without the clips of the dancer.^[1]

However, Gaddafi and his loyalist supporters apparently co-opted the song for their own purposes. As reported by The Guardian, at a speech given by Gaddafi's daughter, Ayesha Gaddafi, "Zenga Zenga" blared in the background.^[3]

The original video has more than 4 million views on YouTube.^[4] The edited version without the girl has over 1 million hits.^[5]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Zenga Zenga song (original)
• Zenga Zenga song (no girl edit)
• Zenga Zenga Remix | "They Love Me All My People"

Hasan Ali (also spelled Hassan Ali) can refer to:

Name[link]

• Hasan Ali (Kara Koyunlu), last ruler of the Kara Koyunlu Turkmen tribal federation
• Hasan Ali (footballer), United Arab Emirates footballer
• Hasan Ali Khan, Indian businessman
• Hasan ibn Ali, grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad
• Hasan Mohamed Ali, Malaysian politician
• Hasan Ali (politician), Iraqi politician

Geography[link]

• Hasan Ali, Iran, a village in South Khorasan Province, Iran
• Qal'eh Hasan Ali, volcanic field in Iran

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