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A faculty is a division within a university comprising one subject area, or a number of related subject areas (for the North American usage, referring to academic staff, see "Faculty (academic staff)"). In American usage such divisions are generally referred to as colleges (e.g., "college of arts and sciences") or schools (e.g., "school of business"), but may also mix terminology (e.g., Harvard University has a "faculty of arts and sciences" but a "law school").

The medieval University of Paris, which served as a model for most of the later medieval universities in Europe, had four faculties: the Faculties of Theology, Law, Medicine, and finally the Faculty of Arts, which every student had to graduate from in order to continue his training in one of the other three, sometimes known as the higher faculties. The privilege to establish these four faculties was usually part of all medieval charters for universities, but not every university could in reality do so.

The Faculty of Arts took its name from the seven liberal arts: the trivium (grammar, rhetoric, dialectics) and the quadrivium (arithmetic, music, geometry and astronomy). In German, Scandinavian, Slavic and other universities, the name for this faculty would more often literally translate as 'faculty of philosophy'. The degree of Magister Artium (Master of Arts) derives its name from the Faculty of Arts, while the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) originates within German education and derives its name from the German name of the Arts faculty.

The number of faculties has usually multiplied in modern universities, both through subdivisions of the traditional four faculties, and through the absorption of academic disciplines which have developed within originally vocational schools, in areas such as engineering or agriculture.

References[link]

Look up Division, divide, divider, division, or divisions in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Division may refer to:

Mathematics[link]

• Division (mathematics), the inverse of multiplication
• Division (digital), digital implementation of mathematical division
• Division, in relational algebra

Science[link]

• Cell division, the process in which biological cells multiply
• Division (horticulture), a method of vegetative plant propagation, or the plants created by using this method
• Continental divide, the geographical term for separation between watersheds
• Division, a biological classification for plants or fungi, equivalent to phylum

Society[link]

• Administrative division, also known as a Country subdivision
• Census division, an official term in Canada and the United States
• Diairesis, Plato's method of definition by division
• Division (business), of a business entity is a distinct part of that business but the primary business is legally responsible for all of the obligations and debts of the division
• Division (country subdivision), a name for a subsidiary state or prefecture of a country
• Division (sport), a group of teams in organised sport who compete for a divisional title
• Division (military), a unit typically consisting of between 10,000 to 20,000 troops
• In parliamentary procedure:
  • Division of the assembly, to undertake a different voting method than the default
  • Division of a question, to split a question into two or more questions
• Partition (politics), the process of changing national borders or separating political entities
• Police division, a large territorial unit of the British police

Music[link]

• Division (album), a 2008 album by 10 Years
• Division (music), a specific type of ornamentation
• Division level, a metric level
• Division viol, an English Renaissance instrument
• Division, a grouping of pipe ranks in a pipe organ
• "÷" or "Division", a song by Aly & AJ from Insomniatic

Places[link]

• Divide, Colorado, USA
• Divide, Lane County, Oregon, USA
• Divide Creek
• Divide Mountain
• Divide Peaks
• Divide, Saskatchewan, once a small hamlet in Frontier Rural Municipality No. 19, Saskatchewan, Canada
• Divide, Montana, USA
• Divide Ski Area, an Alaskan Ski area, USA
• Divide, North Dakota, in Eddy County, USA
• Divide, Illinois, in Jefferson County, USA
• Division (CTA North Side Main Line station), a station on the Chicago Transit Authority's North Side Main Line, which is now part of the Brown Line
• Division (CTA station), a station on the Chicago Transit Authority's 'L' system, serving the Blue Line
• Division Mountain
• Division Range

Other uses[link]

• Beam compass or dividers
• Divider caliper, a measuring tool
• Divider, a central reservation in Bangladesh
• Divisions of the field, a concept in heraldry
• Division (naval), a collection of naval units
• Division (logical fallacy), when one reasons logically that something true of a thing must also be true of all or some of its parts

See also[link]

• All pages beginning with "Division"
• All pages with titles containing "Division"
• Dividend, payments made by a corporation to its shareholder members
• Segmentation (disambiguation)
• Subdivision (disambiguation)
• Divide (disambiguation)
• Section (disambiguation)
• Partition (disambiguation)
• Split (disambiguation)
• Div (disambiguation)
• Compartment (disambiguation)
• Segment (disambiguation)

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

Roderick Bernet "Rod" Allen (born October 5, 1959 in Los Angeles, California) is a baseball analyst, currently for the Detroit Tigers on Fox Sports Detroit. He also analyzes for other games on Fox Saturday Baseball when the Tigers don't play on Fox Sports Detroit. His former positions include analyst for the Arizona Diamondbacks, and before that a baseball player, and later a coach.

Baseball[link]

Playing career[link]

Allen was selected by the Chicago White Sox in the sixth round of the 1977 Major League Baseball Draft. He enjoyed a brief stint with the Seattle Mariners in 1983. He was 23 years old when he made his major league debut on April 7, 1983. He hit .296 in 27 at bats during a 15 game stint as an outfielder and designated hitter with the World Champion Detroit Tigers in 1984. He enjoyed another brief stint in the majors with the Cleveland Indians in 1988. Allen spent the last three years of his playing career with the Hiroshima Carp in Japan's Central League. He hit a pair of home runs against Seibu Lions in the 1991 Japan Series and set a Japanese regular season record with four home runs in four consecutive at bats during his time in the league. He is infamous for charging the mound after Kazuhiko Daimon from the Yokohama Taiyo Whales hit him in the back with a pitch, and subsequently chasing the pitcher across the entire field with both teams' benches in tow.

Coaching career[link]

Prior to his work as a broadcaster, Allen spent four seasons as a hitting instructor in the Florida Marlins organization from 1992 through 1995. In 1994 and 1995, he was the hitting coach for the Kane County Cougars, the Marlins Single-A affiliate in the Midwest League. Some of the notable players he coached include Mike Redmond, Kevin Millar, and Luis Castillo. During his time in the Marlins organization, Allen worked under Dave Dombrowski, who would later become the Tigers President, CEO, and General Manager.

Broadcasting[link]

Arizona Diamondbacks[link]

From 1998-2002 he spent five seasons with the Arizona Diamondbacks as a television (Fox Sports Arizona) and radio (KTAR) analyst. He served as the color commentator on the Diamondbacks radio broadcasts during the 2001 postseason, including the World Series win against the New York Yankees.

Detroit Tigers[link]

Currently, Allen is the regular color commentator on Detroit Tigers telecasts for Fox Sports Detroit, joined by play-by-play man Mario Impemba.^[1] Allen won Michigan Emmys in 2006 and 2007 for his analysis of Detroit Tigers baseball. As a former hitting coach, he provides expert analysis of hitters' swings and batting stances^{[citation needed]}.

Rod is a longtime member of the Detroit Sports Broadcasters Association founded in 1948 by legendary Tigers broadcaster Ty Tyson.

[edit] Fox Saturday Baseball

In addition to his work for the Diamondbacks and Tigers, Allen does color commentary for to Fox Saturday Baseball, including games involving the Tigers.

Family life[link]

Allen and his wife, Adrian, have four children: Rhonda, 31; Rod, Jr., 25; Andrew, 18; and Rachel, 16. The Allens live in the Phoenix, Arizona area. Rod, Jr. was selected by the New York Yankees in the 12th round of the 2004 Major League Baseball Draft after a collegiate career at Arizona State University. He played the 2004 season with the Staten Island Yankees in the New York-Penn League, and played for the Class A Winston-Salem Warthogs in '06 & '07. His most recent professional stint was in 2011 with the White Sands Pupfish in the Pecos League. Andrew was selected by the Arizona Diamondbacks in the 43rd round of the 2007 Major League Baseball Draft. He attended Desert Vista High School in Phoenix, Arizona.^[2]

References[link]

External links[link]

	Biography portal
	Baseball portal

• Career statistics and player information from Baseball-Reference, or Fangraphs, or The Baseball Cube
• Rod Allen on Facebook
• Q&A interview with Rod Allen - In Play! Magazine August,2010

Naomi Oreskes
Fields	Science History, Economic geology
Institutions	Stanford University U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Dartmouth College Harvard University New York University University of California San Diego
Alma mater	Imperial College, University of London Stanford University

Naomi Oreskes is an American science historian, and Professor of History and Science Studies at the University of California San Diego. She has worked on studies of geophysics, environmental issues such as global warming, and the history of science. In 2010, Oreskes co-authored Merchants of Doubt which identified some parallels between the climate change debate and earlier public controversies.^[1]

Background[link]

Oreskes graduated from Stuyvesant High School in 1976. She received her BSc degree in Mining Geology from the Royal School of Mines of Imperial College, University of London in 1981, and worked as a Research Assistant in the Geology Department and as a Teaching Assistant in the departments of Geology, Philosophy and Applied Earth Sciences at Stanford University starting in 1984. She received her PhD degree in the Graduate Special Program in Geological Research and History of Science at Stanford in 1990. She received a National Science Foundation's Young Investigator Award in 1994.

She has worked as a consultant for the United States Environmental Protection Agency and U.S National Academy of Sciences, and has also taught at Dartmouth, Harvard and New York University (NYU). She is also a member of the History of Science Society. She is the author or has contributed to a number of essays and technical reports in economic geology and science history^[2] in addition to several books:

• The Rejection of Continental Drift: Theory and Method in American Earth Science, Oxford University Press, 1999, ISBN 0-19-511733-6
• Plate Tectonics: An Insider’s History of the Modern Theory of the Earth, Edited with Homer Le Grand, Westview Press, 2003, ISBN 0-8133-4132-9
• Perspectives on Geophysics, Special Issue of Studies in the History and Philosophy of Modern Physics, 31B, Oreskes, Naomi and James R. Fleming, eds., 2000.
• Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming, Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway, Bloomsbury Press, 2010

Oreskes is currently the Provost of the Sixth College at the University of California, San Diego.

Scientific methods and model validation[link]

Oreskes worked on scientific methods, in particular model validation in the Earth sciences.^[3][4]

In 1999 she participated as a consultant to the US Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board for developing a repository safety strategy for the Yucca Mountain project, with special attention to model validation.^[5]

Science and society essay[link]

Oreskes wrote an essay on science and society Beyond the Ivory Tower: The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change in the journal Science in December 2004.^[6][7][8]

In the essay she reported an analysis of “928 abstracts, published in refereed scientific journals between 1993 and 2003 and published in the ISI database with the keywords ‘global climate change’”.^[6] The essay stated the analysis was to test the hypothesis that the drafting of reports and statements by societies such as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, American Association for the Advancement of Science and National Academy of Sciences might downplay legitimate dissenting opinions on anthropogenic climate change. After the analysis, she concluded that 75 percent of the examined abstracts either explicitly or implicitly backed the consensus view, while none directly dissented from it. The essay received a great deal of media attention from around the world and has been cited by many prominent persons such as Al Gore in the movie An Inconvenient Truth.

In 2007, Oreskes expanded her analysis, stating that approximately 20 percent of abstracts explicitly endorsed the consensus on climate change that: "Earth's climate is being affected by human activities". In addition, 55 percent of abstracts "implicitly" endorsed the consensus by engaging in research to characterize the ongoing and/or future impact of climate change (50 percent of abstracts) or to mitigate predicted changes (5 percent). The remaining 25 percent focused on either paleoclimate (10%) or developing measurement techniques (15%); Oreskes did not classify these as taking a position on contemporary global climate change.^[9]

Merchants of Doubt[link]

Merchants of Doubt is a 2010 book by Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway. Oreskes and Conway, both American science historians, identify some remarkable parallels between the climate change debate and earlier controversies over tobacco smoking, acid rain and the hole in the ozone layer. They argue that spreading doubt and confusion was the basic strategy of those opposing action in each case.^[1] In particular, Fred Seitz, Fred Singer, and a few other contrarian scientists joined forces with conservative think tanks and private corporations to challenge the scientific consensus on many contemporary issues.^[10]

The Marshall Institute has been critical of the book, but most other reviewers received it favorably. One reviewer said that Merchants of Doubt is exhaustively researched and documented, and may be one of the most important books of 2010. Another reviewer saw the book as his choice for best science book of the year.^[11]

Selected awards, honors, and fellowships[link]

• George Sarton Award Lecture, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2004^[12]
• American Philosophical Society Sabbatical Fellowship, 2001-2002.^[13]
• National Science Foundation Young Investigator Award, 1994-1999.^[14]
• National Endowment for the Humanities Fellowship for University Teachers, 1993-94.^[15]
• Society of Economic Geologists Lindgren Prize for outstanding work by a young scientist, 1993.^[16]
• Ritter Memorial Fellowship in History of Marine Sciences, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1994.^[17]
• Listed, Who's Who in American Science and Engineering, Who's Who in the West.^[15]

See also[link]

• Erik M. Conway, co-author of Merchants of Doubt

References[link]

External links[link]

• Oreskes page at UCSD