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-
China
China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity.
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India
India (), officially the Republic of India ( ; see also official names of India), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.18 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Mainland India is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east; and it is bordered by Pakistan to the west; Bhutan, the People's Republic of China and Nepal to the north; and Bangladesh and Burma to the east. In the Indian Ocean, mainland India and the Lakshadweep Islands are in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives, while India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share maritime border with Thailand and the Indonesian island of Sumatra in the Andaman Sea. India has a coastline of .
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Alan Ross Anderson
Alan Ross Anderson (1925 – 1973) was an American logician and professor of philosophy at Yale University and the University of Pittsburgh.
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Alan Turing
http://wn.com/Alan_Turing -
Alexander Bain
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Alfred Tarski
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Alonzo Church
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Arend Heyting
http://wn.com/Arend_Heyting -
Aristotle
http://wn.com/Aristotle -
Arthur Prior
http://wn.com/Arthur_Prior -
Augustus De Morgan
Augustus De Morgan (27 June 1806 – 18 March 1871) was a British mathematician and logician. He formulated De Morgan's laws and introduced the term mathematical induction, making its idea rigorous. The crater De Morgan on the Moon is named after him.
http://wn.com/Augustus_De_Morgan -
Averroes
http://wn.com/Averroes -
Avicenna
http://wn.com/Avicenna -
Bertrand Russell
http://wn.com/Bertrand_Russell -
Charles Babbage
http://wn.com/Charles_Babbage -
China
China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity.
http://wn.com/China -
Chrysippus
Chrysippus of Soli (Ancient Greek: , ; c. 279–c. 206 BC) was a Greek Stoic philosopher. He was a native of Soli, Cilicia, but moved to Athens as a young man, where he became a pupil of Cleanthes in the Stoic school. When Cleanthes died, around 230 BC, Chrysippus became the third head of the school. A prolific writer, Chrysippus expanded the fundamental doctrines of Zeno of Citium, the founder of the school, which earned him the title of Second Founder of Stoicism.
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Confucius
http://wn.com/Confucius -
David Hilbert
David Hilbert (; January 23, 1862 –
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Dov Gabbay
Dov M. Gabbay is Augustus De Morgan Professor of Logic at the Group of Logic, Language and Computation, Department of Computer Science, King's College London. He is the editor or co-editor of the Handbook of Philosophical Logic, the Handbook of Logic in Computer Science, and the Handbook of Artificial Intelligence and Logic Programming, among many other reference works on logic.
http://wn.com/Dov_Gabbay -
Duns Scotus
Blessed John (Johannes) Duns Scotus, O.F.M. (c. 1265 – 8 November 1308) was one of the more important theologians and philosophers of the High Middle Ages. He was nicknamed Doctor Subtilis for his penetrating and subtle manner of thought.
http://wn.com/Duns_Scotus -
Edward N. Zalta
Edward N. Zalta (born in 1952) is a Senior research scholar at the Center for the Study of Language and Information. He received his Ph.D. in philosophy from the University of Massachusetts - Amherst in 1980. Zalta has taught courses at Stanford University, Rice University, the University of Salzburg, and the University of Auckland. Zalta is also the Principal Editor of the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
http://wn.com/Edward_N_Zalta -
Ernst Schröder
http://wn.com/Ernst_Schröder -
Euclid
http://wn.com/Euclid -
Friedrich Nietzsche
Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (; in English , ) (October 15, 1844 August 25, 1900) was a 19th-century German philosopher and classical philologist. He wrote critical texts on religion, morality, contemporary culture, philosophy and science, displaying a fondness for metaphor, irony and aphorism.
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Garrett Birkhoff
http://wn.com/Garrett_Birkhoff -
Georg Cantor
http://wn.com/Georg_Cantor -
George Boole
http://wn.com/George_Boole -
George Boolos
http://wn.com/George_Boolos -
George Lukacs
http://wn.com/George_Lukacs -
Gerhard Gentzen
Gerhard Karl Erich Gentzen (November 24, 1909, Greifswald, Germany – August 4, 1945, Prague, Czechoslovakia) was a German mathematician and logician. He had his major contributions in the foundation of mathematics, proof theory, especially on natural deduction and sequent calculus. He died in 1945 after the Second World War, because he was deprived of food after being arrested in Prague.
http://wn.com/Gerhard_Gentzen -
Giuseppe Peano
Giuseppe Peano (; 27 August 1858 – 20 April 1932) was an Italian mathematician, whose work was of exceptional philosophical value. The author of over 200 books and papers, he was a founder of mathematical logic and set theory, to which he contributed much notation. The standard axiomatization of the natural numbers is named in his honor. As part of this axiomatization effort, he made key contributions to the modern rigorous and systematic treatment of the method of mathematical induction. He spent most of his career teaching mathematics at the University of Turin.
http://wn.com/Giuseppe_Peano -
Gottlob Frege
http://wn.com/Gottlob_Frege -
Graham Priest
Graham Priest (born 1948, London) is Boyce Gibson Professor of Philosophy at the University of Melbourne and a distinguished professor of philosophy at the CUNY Graduate Center, as well as a regular visitor at St. Andrews University. He was educated at the University of Cambridge and the London School of Economics. His thesis advisor was John Lane Bell.
http://wn.com/Graham_Priest -
Gödel
http://wn.com/Gödel -
Haskell Curry
http://wn.com/Haskell_Curry -
Hegel
http://wn.com/Hegel -
Henry Liddell
http://wn.com/Henry_Liddell -
Hilary Putnam
Hilary Whitehall Putnam (born July 31, 1926) is an American philosopher who has been a central figure in analytic philosophy since the 1960s, especially in philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, and philosophy of science. He is known for his willingness to apply an equal degree of scrutiny to his own philosophical positions as to those of others, subjecting each position to rigorous analysis until he exposes its flaws. As a result, he has acquired a reputation for frequently changing his own position. Putnam is currently Cogan University Professor Emeritus at Harvard University.
http://wn.com/Hilary_Putnam -
Immanuel Kant
http://wn.com/Immanuel_Kant -
Jan Łukasiewicz
http://wn.com/Jan_Łukasiewicz -
John von Neumann
http://wn.com/John_von_Neumann -
Jon Barwise
__NOTOC__
http://wn.com/Jon_Barwise -
Jürgen Habermas
http://wn.com/Jürgen_Habermas -
Kant
http://wn.com/Kant -
Kurt Gödel
http://wn.com/Kurt_Gödel -
Leibniz
http://wn.com/Leibniz -
Leopold Löwenheim
http://wn.com/Leopold_Löwenheim -
Lewis Carroll
http://wn.com/Lewis_Carroll -
List of ethicists
List of ethicists including religious or political figures recognized by those outside their tradition as having made major contributions to ideas about ethics, or raised major controversies by taking strong positions on previously unexplored problems.
http://wn.com/List_of_ethicists -
Ludwig Wittgenstein
http://wn.com/Ludwig_Wittgenstein -
Mazdak
http://wn.com/Mazdak -
Michael Dummett
Sir Michael Anthony Eardley Dummett FBA D.Litt (born 1925) is a leading British philosopher. He has both written on the history of analytic philosophy, and made original contributions to the subject, particularly in the areas of philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of logic, philosophy of language and metaphysics. He also devised the Quota Borda system of proportional voting, based on the Borda count, and has written scholarly works on tarot. Other interests have been immigration law and English grammar and usage. In 1944 he was received into the Roman Catholic Church, and remains a practising Catholic.
http://wn.com/Michael_Dummett -
Nicolai A. Vasiliev
http://wn.com/Nicolai_A_Vasiliev -
Nuel Belnap
Nuel D. Belnap, Jr. (born 1930) is an American logician and philosopher who has made many important contributions to the philosophy of logic, temporal logic, and structural proof theory. He has taught at the University of Pittsburgh since 1961; before that he was at Yale University. His best known work is his collaboration with Alan Ross Anderson on relevance logic. He has also published books on the logic of questions and answers, with Thomas Steel, and the logic of agency, with Michael Perloff and Ming Xu. He has contributed to the foundations of two very distinct theories of truth: he was a co-author of "The Prosentential Theory of Truth" with Dorothy Grover and Joseph Camp, and of The Revision Theory of Truth with Anil Gupta. He is also co-author with Ming Xu and Michel Perloff of "Facing the Future".
http://wn.com/Nuel_Belnap -
Paul Bernays
http://wn.com/Paul_Bernays -
Peter Geach
Peter Thomas Geach (; born March 29, 1916) is a British philosopher. His areas of interest are the history of philosophy, philosophical logic, and the theory of identity.
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Petr Hájek
http://wn.com/Petr_Hájek -
Plato
:For other uses, see Plato (disambiguation) and Platon (disambiguation).
http://wn.com/Plato -
Raymond Smullyan
Raymond Merrill Smullyan (born May 25, 1919) is an American mathematician, concert pianist, logician, Taoist philosopher, and magician.
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Romanian philosophy
Romanian philosophy is a name covering either a) the philosophy done in Romania or by Romanians, or b) an ethnic philosophy, which expresses at a high level the fundamental features of the Romanian spirituality, or which elevates to a philosophical level the Weltanschauung of the Romanian people, as deposited in language and folklore, traditions, architecture and other linguistic and cultural artifacts.
http://wn.com/Romanian_philosophy -
Rudolf Carnap
Rudolf Carnap (May 18, 1891 – September 14, 1970) was an influential German-born philosopher who was active in Europe before 1935 and in the United States thereafter. He was a leading member of the Vienna Circle and a prominent advocate of logical positivism.
http://wn.com/Rudolf_Carnap -
Russian philosophy
http://wn.com/Russian_philosophy -
Saul Kripke
Saul Aaron Kripke (born November 13, 1940) is an American philosopher and logician. He is a professor emeritus at Princeton and teaches as a Distinguished Professor of Philosophy at CUNY Graduate Center. Since the 1960s Kripke has been a central figure in a number of fields related to mathematical logic, philosophy of language, philosophy of mathematics, metaphysics, epistemology, and set theory. Much of his work remains unpublished or exists only as tape-recordings and privately circulated manuscripts (see "Unpublished Manuscripts and Online Lectures" below). Kripke was the recipient of the 2001 Schock Prize in Logic and Philosophy. A recent poll conducted among philosophers ranked Kripke among the top ten most important philosophers of the past 200 years.
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Sir Michael Dummett
http://wn.com/Sir_Michael_Dummett -
Stephen Cole Kleene
http://wn.com/Stephen_Cole_Kleene -
Stewart Shapiro
Stewart Shapiro (born 1951) is O'Donnell Professor of Philosophy at the Ohio State University and a regular visiting professor at the University of St Andrews in Scotland. He is an important contemporary figure in the philosophy of mathematics where he defends a version of structuralism. He studied Mathematics and Philosophy at Case Western Reserve University in 1973. Then, he got his M.A. in Mathematics at the State University of New York at Buffalo in 1975. He transferred to the UB Philosophy Department, where three years later he got his Ph.D. (with Distinction). His doctoral supervisor was John Corcoran.
http://wn.com/Stewart_Shapiro -
Susan Haack
Susan Haack (born 1945, England) is an English professor of philosophy and law at the University of Miami in the United States. She has written on logic, the philosophy of language, epistemology, and metaphysics. Her pragmatism follows that of Charles Sanders Peirce.
http://wn.com/Susan_Haack -
Thoralf Skolem
http://wn.com/Thoralf_Skolem -
W.V. Quine
http://wn.com/WV_Quine -
Wilhelm Ackermann
http://wn.com/Wilhelm_Ackermann -
William of Ockham
http://wn.com/William_of_Ockham -
Wittgenstein
http://wn.com/Wittgenstein
karaoke
Stop, look, listen, learn; your lessions have begun.
O.K. school's in session-lesson #1,
Inductive, deductive reasoning and thought.
It's called logic, are you ready to be taught?
It won't take long, you can't go wrong.
Use it and you're always right,
And don't forget that right is might-Shall we move along?
If a is b, and b is c, then a is c. See?
It's really easy, here we go,
For example, here's some samples; we'll start slow:
From war comes peace-Peace is good.
Therefore war is good.
Let's try another;
Johnny blew his head off-Johnny listened to metal.
Therefore metal killed Johnny.
That's logical, it's settled.
Take it from me, now here's the key;
Shape the truth to fit your ends,
Take the facts then twist and bend to your morality.
Twist it-logic; You can justify anything you want.
Twist it-logic; You can justify anything at all.
Stop, look, listen, learn; isn't logic fun?
O.K. one more thing, memorize this one;
You're always right-They disagree.
Therefor they are wrong. See?
It works for them, it works for me,
Can work for you I guarantee.
Easy as a, b, d or 1 and 1 is 3.
Makes a lot of sense to me,
Solve any problems that you see-Got it? Good!
Shape the truth to fit you ends,
Take the facts, then twist and bend.
Use it and your always right,
And don't forget that right is might-It works, I guarantee!
Twist it-logic; You can justify anything you want.
Twist it-logic; You can justify anything at all.
Twist it-logic; You can justify anything at,
You can justify anything at,
Watch them do
The falling over
Watch them do
The standing still
Nothing but the knife to live for
One life, all I need
Give me one good reason
Give me more S....
(Women)
And the women come and go
(Talk)
Talking about me like they know
(Men)
Bought and sold
And the world keeps turning
People cold
And people burning
Nothing but the knife to live for
One life, all I need
Give me one good reason
Give me more S....
Nothing but the knife to live for
One life, all I need
Give me one good reason
Give me more S.... (Amphetamine Logic)
Hit up
Steel in hand
Lit up
Like candles
Burning
Like Catherine wheels
Turning
On
Nothing but the knife to live for
One life, all I need
Give me one good reason
Give me more S.... (Amphetmine Logic)
[instrumental]
I´m giving my all encapsulate the signs
You give me the talk dissect distract my mind
I´m hitting the wall crashed out right to the core
You´re watching me stall but still I push for more
It´s on the blade but let it slide off
You´ve got the brain but I´ll let it slide
It´s on the blade but let it slide off
You´ve got the brain but I´ll let it slide
I´m giving my all so I´ll erase the old
You give me the talk I ordered speech to go
I´m hitting the wall but now I´m never sure
You´re watching me stall now watch me push for more
Hands are stained soul is chained mind is made up
Heart is tame chopped and changed messed my game up
Hands are stained soul is chained mind is made up
Heart is tame chopped and changed messed my game up
I´m taking a side in this ´Battle Royale´
You´re taking it light I see the knives are out
But if you can find a way to call the draw
I know you´ll decide to put this all on hold
It´s on the blade but let it slide off
You´ve got the brain but I´ll let it slide
It´s on the blade but let it slide off
You´ve got the brain but I´ll let it slide
Hands are stained soul is chained mind is made up
Heart is tame chopped and changed messed my game up
Hands are stained soul is chained mind is made up
Heart is tame chopped and changed messed my game up
It´s on the blade but let it slide off
You´ve got the brain but I´ll let it slide
I´m giving my all so I´ll erase the old
You give me the talk I ordered speech to go
I´m hitting the wall but now I´m never sure
You´re watching me stall now watch me push for more
Hands are stained soul is chained mind is made up
Heart is tame chopped and changed messed my game up
Hands are stained soul is chained mind is made up
We carry the weight of the world on our shoulders,
a burden we inherit,
until the day we pass it on onto coming generations.
Let our logic dictate our morality.
It's a privilege, our responsibility,
'cause in the end we are all held accountable.
We were left in a world in turmoil
and we will pass it on the same,
unless we actually finally manage
to the either better it or blow it away.
Humanity needs to be completely independent of
unproven beliefs, religion or God.
It does not matter if God created man,
or if man himself created God.
GOD IS DEAD! GOD IS DEAD, as Nietzsche once said.
If we use common sense we shall not be misled.
If we control tomorrow, we control what lies ahead.
Trade your prayer of Salvation
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Spectator Official Video - Logic - Peoples Army
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:38
- Published: 03 Jul 2011
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
Track Taken from latest project, 'LISTEN' available from www.logicpeoplesarmy.bandcamp.com now...
http://wn.com/Spectator_Official_Video_Logic_Peoples_Army
SB.TV Warm Up Sessions - Logic - [S2.EP14]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:05
- Published: 21 Apr 2012
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
True Talk!
http://wn.com/SBTV_Warm_Up_Sessions_Logic_S2EP14_
Logic - Mind Of Logic Ft. Camille Michelle Gray
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:25
- Published: 18 Jul 2011
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
Download the Young Sinatra Mixtape: bit.ly Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: twitter.com Shot by GRVTY: @GRVTY_ Produced by 6ix @6ixVMG Visionary Music Group teamvisionary.com
http://wn.com/Logic_Mind_Of_Logic_Ft_Camille_Michelle_Gray
Logic - The Spotlight
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:23
- Published: 21 Feb 2012
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
Download the Young Sinatra: Undeniable Mixtape: bit.ly Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: twitter.com Directed by: GRVTY @GRVTY_ Director's Assistant: @JakeCatt Sampled: Justice - DANCE Visionary Music Group teamvisionary.com
http://wn.com/Logic_The_Spotlight
Logic - All I Do
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:24
- Published: 24 Oct 2011
- Updated: 19 Oct 2012
Download the Young Sinatra Mixtape: bit.ly Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: twitter.com Shot by: GRVTY @GRVTY_ Produced by: DJ Blackdiamond Visionary Music Group teamvisionary.com
http://wn.com/Logic_All_I_Do
Logic - Young Sinatra III
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:08
- Published: 23 Jan 2012
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
Download the Young Sinatra: Undeniable Mixtape: bit.ly Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: twitter.com Directed by: GRVTY @GRVTY_ Visionary Music Group teamvisionary.com
http://wn.com/Logic_Young_Sinatra_III
Logic - Inception
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:13
- Published: 01 May 2012
- Updated: 19 Oct 2012
New song off of the mixtape Undeniable. Artist's Facebook:www.facebook.com Artist's Twitter: twitter.com
http://wn.com/Logic_Inception
Link Up TV: Behind Barz - Logic Freestyle (TAKE 2) [@LogicArmy]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:49
- Published: 05 May 2012
- Updated: 17 Oct 2012
Download MP3 via tinyurl.com See more at www.linkuptv.co.uk Like us on FaceBook http Follow us twitter.com
http://wn.com/Link_Up_TV_Behind_Barz_Logic_Freestyle_TAKE_2_@LogicArmy_
LOGIC - 'FOR MY PEOPLE' (OFFICIAL MUSIC VIDEO)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:15
- Published: 18 Feb 2011
- Updated: 17 Oct 2012
Produced by AGENT OF CHANGE (Twitter: @agent_of_change). Featuring Jody McIntyre and Lowkey. Available to buy on iTunes: itunes.apple.com NEW MIX-CD 'LISTEN' IS AVAILABLE ONLINE FROM logic.bigcartel.com For bookings email logicgaberlunzie@yahoo.co.uk Youtube: /chosenlogic Twitter @LogicArmy www.facebook.com [Jody intro] I think we all have a duty to stand up and make our voices heard and to fight against what the government are doing [Chorus] I get down for my people Down for my people Down with the government until we're all equal Down with the media And the corporations I am not down with invading these nations Stand up for my people Up for my people Fist in the sky until we're all equal We need more meetings, more demonstrations Occupy parliament This is our nation [Logic verse 1] See I'm down for equality Down to abolish the lottery Down with all the government's policies Silly me to believe no more tuition fees Nine grand when there's still soldiers in the Helmland Lines of division in Palestine and Kashmir Afghanistan But who put the lines there? See we created that Civil war wasn't born and we made it a fact The news releases pictures saying that we're violent But it we're not violent, the media is silent We've still got British soldiers occupying Ireland And they wonder why we're still fighting We're fighting for the third world and everyone who lives there Fighting the feds who pulled Jody out his wheelchair We're fighting for justice, I'm fighting for unity <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/LOGIC_'FOR_MY_PEOPLE'_OFFICIAL_MUSIC_VIDEO
Logic Pro 9, compressors/compression
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:18
- Published: 13 Feb 2011
- Updated: 04 Oct 2012
Hi all here is a quick tutorial about compression, only a very basic level video but it will have you understanding the controls and what you are actually doing in under ten minutes. Enjoy. Hiall this is an educational channel for students at Halesowen College (UK). The channel will gradually fill up with tutorial videos for mainly Logic Pro and some other pro audio software. Please make requests for tutorial videos...but priority will be given to my students. Please also feel free to use the videos for your own purpose, I would would be grateful if I am accredited. I have also taken information or ideas from other Logic Pro tutorials and where I have done so I have accredited this to the relevant user, this is just simply a channel to help the up and coming producers of today with everything in one place! Regards
http://wn.com/Logic_Pro_9,_compressors_compression
Philosophy, Logic And Reason
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:45
- Published: 31 Dec 2009
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
Science & Reason on Facebook: tinyurl.com Stephen Fry @ BigThink: Philosophy, Logic And Reason. --- Please subscribe to Science & Reason: • www.YouTube.com • www.YouTube.com • www.YouTube.com • www.YouTube.com --- Interview Transcript Question: What philosophers influenced you? Stephen Fry: Philosophy is an odd thing. When we use the word in everyday speech you know you sometimes hear it hilariously. They say, Oh, its never good to be late. Thats my philosophy. You think thats a generous description of that rather dull precept to call it a philosophy, but its odd how philosophers generally speaking, at least the ones Ive read or the ones I you know value, dont have in that sense a philosophy. There is no particular Socratic or Nietzschean or Kantian way to live your life. They dont offer ethical codes and standards by which to live your life. They dont offer a philosophy to follow. They just simply raise an enormous number of questions mostly, so in the sense that you put the question is there a philosopher thats important to me. Well I me I loved really the sort of the Bertrand Russell grand sort of tour of philosophy, the history of philosophy from the pre Socratics as they're called, Zeno and so on through to Socrates and Plato and Aristotle. I never quite liked Aristotle. I think thats partly... Although he was obviously a genius and brilliant and he invented logic, so whats not to like. I think it was his influence on the medieval mind was probably rather pernicious <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Philosophy,_Logic_And_Reason
Logic - Just Another Day
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:52
- Published: 06 Sep 2011
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
Download the Young Sinatra Mixtape: bit.ly Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: twitter.com Shot By @GRVTY_ Visionary Music Group teamvisionary.com Produced by: @Sunny_Norway Visionary Music Group www.teamvisionary.com
http://wn.com/Logic_Just_Another_Day
S.KALIBRE FEAT. NATE & LOGIC - NO PEACE (OFFICIAL HIP HOP VIDEO)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:47
- Published: 30 May 2012
- Updated: 16 Oct 2012
S.Kalibre - No Peace featuring Nate & Logic (Produced by SlapUpMill) Track available skalibre.bandcamp.com Twitter: @S_Kalibre Youtube: /skalibre www.skalibre.bandcamp.com @NateMusic13 @LogicArmy @Slapumugz
http://wn.com/SKALIBRE_FEAT_NATE_LOGIC_NO_PEACE_OFFICIAL_HIP_HOP_VIDEO
Logic - BackPack
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:09
- Published: 07 Mar 2011
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
DOWNLOAD LOGIC'S MIXTAPE "Young. Broke & Infamous" here www.MindofLogic.com
http://wn.com/Logic_BackPack
LOGIC & LAST RESORT - WE'LL NEVER KNOW FEAT MAVERICK SABRE, AKALA & BIG FRIZZLE - (OFFICIAL VIDEO)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:38
- Published: 26 Nov 2011
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
Preorder TRUE TALK at HMV bit.ly Preorder TRUE TALK on iTunes here - bit.ly Follow us at: @LogicArmy @lastresortuk facebook.com/truetalk19thdec overstand.co.uk
http://wn.com/LOGIC_LAST_RESORT_WE'LL_NEVER_KNOW_FEAT_MAVERICK_SABRE,_AKALA_BIG_FRIZZLE_OFFICIAL_VIDEO
Logic - Tic Tac Toe
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:13
- Published: 17 Apr 2012
- Updated: 19 Oct 2012
Download the Young Sinatra: Undeniable Mixtape: bit.ly Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: twitter.com Produced by 6ix & Official OB @6ixVMG & @TheOfficialOB Visionary Music Group teamvisionary.com
http://wn.com/Logic_Tic_Tac_Toe
Logic - Dear God
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:09
- Published: 30 Apr 2012
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
Logic - Dear God Logic - Dear God Logic - Dear God Logic - Dear God Logic - Dear God
http://wn.com/Logic_Dear_God
Logic Interview with Gowhere Hip Hop
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:59
- Published: 01 Aug 2012
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
Logic talks with B96's Julian On Da Radio for Gowhere Hip Hop just before hitting the stage in Chicago for his Visionary Music Group Tour! Topics include: his alter-ego "Young Sinatra", his "Rattpack" and "Bobby Soxer" members, musical inspirations, the meaning and substance behind his records, Logic's "Mac Miller" reference, the whereabouts for the famous Gumby suit, Logic's first job, and the list of artists he would like to work with. www.gowherehiphop.com Interview by Julian On Da Radio Filmed by: Jessica Nowak Edited by: Jessica Nowak
http://wn.com/Logic_Interview_with_Gowhere_Hip_Hop
LOGIC & LAST RESORT ft. KLASHNEKOFF & LOWKEY - 'TRUE TALK' (OFFICIAL VIDEO)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:10
- Published: 20 Dec 2011
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
From the landmark Album TRUE TALK. TRUE TALK at HMV bit.ly TRUE TALK on iTunes here - bit.ly Follow us at: @LogicArmy @lastresortuk facebook.com/truetalk19thdec overstand.co.uk
http://wn.com/LOGIC_LAST_RESORT_ft_KLASHNEKOFF_LOWKEY_'TRUE_TALK'_OFFICIAL_VIDEO
Logic - Live On The Air
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:40
- Published: 30 Nov 2011
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
Download the Young Sinatra Mixtape: bit.ly Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: twitter.com Visionary Music Group teamvisionary.com
http://wn.com/Logic_Live_On_The_Air
Critical Thinking Part 2: Broken Logic
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:01
- Published: 11 Dec 2011
- Updated: 17 Oct 2012
Part 2 of the TechNyou critical thinking resource. The resource covers basic logic and faulty arguments, developing student's critical thinking skills. Suitable for year 8-10, focused on science issues, the module can be adapted to suit classroom plans. The resource is found here: education.technyou.edu.au Transcript can be found here: technyou.edu.au There are also two new downloadable Critical Thinking guides: A postcard-sized one: technyou.edu.au and An extended version for secondary school teachers: technyou.edu.au Continued in Part 3: The Man who was made of straw youtu.be Animated and directed by James Hutson, Bridge8. Written by Mike Mcrae and James Hutson
http://wn.com/Critical_Thinking_Part_2_Broken_Logic
![[LA Logic] Avisé Gloveset [Orbitlightshow.com]](http://web.archive.org./web/20121019021304im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/IfhlSsxEsFs/0.jpg "[LA Logic] Avisé Gloveset [Orbitlightshow.com]")
[LA Logic] Avisé Gloveset [Orbitlightshow.com]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:36
- Published: 20 Aug 2012
- Updated: 17 Oct 2012
Avisé Gloveset High Quality light shows not only involves uniqueness and innovation, but also the glover's ability to feel and reflect with the music. Watch as Liquid Abstract makes another appearance with the Avisé Glove set. See Logic take musicality up one more notch. 4 x CyMtgSbt 3-Color Strobes 4 x MtgB 2-Color Strobe Thumb: 2 x Mint Green Solid Song: Seven Lions - Isis (Original Mix)
http://wn.com/_LA_Logic_Avisé_Gloveset_Orbitlightshowcom_
Logic - Are You Ready
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:17
- Published: 23 May 2011
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
Another Dope Track From Logic. Off of New Mixtape Young Sinatra Dropping June 17th Note: All necessary rights for the content provided are reserved (Logic) (Visionary Music Group) ©2012
http://wn.com/Logic_Are_You_Ready
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Maverick Sabre - I Used To Have It All (live on Jools Holland)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:01
- Published: 20 Apr 2011
- Updated: 17 Oct 2012
"I Used To Have It All" taken from the debut album by Maverick Sabre 'Lonely Are The Brave''. Click here to buy the album at iTunes: zaphod.uk.vvhp.net/vv/120116153611 www.mavericksabre.com http twitter.com youtube.com
http://wn.com/Maverick_Sabre_I_Used_To_Have_It_All_live_on_Jools_Holland
Maverick Sabre performs I Need at BBC 1Xtra Live in Birmingham
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:15
- Published: 29 Nov 2011
- Updated: 01 Oct 2012
See Maverick Sabre performing the track 'I Need' as part of his 1Xtra Live performance in Birmingham
http://wn.com/Maverick_Sabre_performs_I_Need_at_BBC_1Xtra_Live_in_Birmingham
Maverick Sabre - I Need - Live from Angel Studios
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:02
- Published: 15 Apr 2011
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
"I Need" taken from the forthcoming album ''Lonely Are The Brave'' by Maverick Sabre. Click here to prorder the album at iTunes: zaphod.uk.vvhp.net www.mavericksabre.com http twitter.com youtube.com
http://wn.com/Maverick_Sabre_I_Need_Live_from_Angel_Studios
Maverick Sabre ' Sometimes ' Live on Choice FM Dj Hotsteppa
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:22
- Published: 15 Feb 2010
- Updated: 17 Oct 2012
Maverick Sabre Performs Sometimes Acoustic Live On Choice and interview watch the rest of the interview here . SUBSCRIBE NOW !!!
http://wn.com/Maverick_Sabre_'_Sometimes_'_Live_on_Choice_FM_Dj_Hotsteppa
MAVERICK SABRE / CHRIS MOYLES - WONDERWALL (LIVE LOUNGE)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:08
- Published: 17 Mar 2011
- Updated: 16 Oct 2012
Maverick Sabre in BBC Radio 1 Live Lounge during Chris Moyles Show Record Attempt. Enjoy! My Vimeo film channel here: vimeo.com
http://wn.com/MAVERICK_SABRE_CHRIS_MOYLES_WONDERWALL_LIVE_LOUNGE
Maverick Sabre - I Need (VEVO Summer Six Presents)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:18
- Published: 23 May 2012
- Updated: 13 Oct 2012
Maverick Sabre perform 'I Need' live from the launch of VEVO's Summer Six, Concorde 2 at The Great Escape
http://wn.com/Maverick_Sabre_I_Need_VEVO_Summer_Six_Presents
Maverick Sabre - BBC Radio 1 Live Lounge 'Video Games / Heaven' - Lana Del Ray & Emilie Sande mashup
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:53
- Published: 08 Feb 2012
- Updated: 17 Oct 2012
Recorded in the Live Lounge for Fearne Cotton, here is Maverick Sabre's cover of 'Video Games' and 'Heaven' (originally by Lana Del Ray & Emilie Sandé). Maverick Sabre's debut album 'Lonely Are The Brave' is out now on iTunes: itunes.apple.com www.mavericksabre.com http twitter.com youtube.com
http://wn.com/Maverick_Sabre_BBC_Radio_1_Live_Lounge_'Video_Games_Heaven'_Lana_Del_Ray_Emilie_Sande_mashup
Maverick Sabre - Let Me Go (Live on the Sunday Night Sessions on BBC London 94.9)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:32
- Published: 04 Mar 2012
- Updated: 13 Oct 2012
Maverick Sabre performed 4 tracks on the Sunday Night Sessions for BBC London 94.9 with Jo Good and Dan Roberts. Tune in live every Sunday at 10pm.
http://wn.com/Maverick_Sabre_Let_Me_Go_Live_on_the_Sunday_Night_Sessions_on_BBC_London_949
Maverick Sabre - Fairytale of New York (Live Lounge)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:05
- Published: 08 Dec 2011
- Updated: 17 Oct 2012
Maverick Sabre performs a cover of the Pogues Christmas classic, Fairytale of New York, for Chris Moyles and the BBC Radio 1 breakfast show team
http://wn.com/Maverick_Sabre_Fairytale_of_New_York_Live_Lounge
Maverick Sabre - Beautiful Girl/Stand By Me in the Live Lounge
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:45
- Published: 21 Jun 2012
- Updated: 17 Oct 2012
Maverick Sabre performs his cover of Beautiful Girl/Stand By Me in the Radio 1 and 1Xtra Live Lounge at Hackney Academy. Click here to see him perform Where We Gonna Go www.bbc.co.uk
http://wn.com/Maverick_Sabre_Beautiful_Girl_Stand_By_Me_in_the_Live_Lounge
Katy B Maverick Sabre Let Me Go BBC Radio 1 Live Lounge 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:34
- Published: 18 Dec 2011
- Updated: 17 Oct 2012
Katy B performing a cover of Maverick Sabre's Let Me Go in the BBC Radio 1 Live Lounge August 2011
http://wn.com/Katy_B_Maverick_Sabre_Let_Me_Go_BBC_Radio_1_Live_Lounge_2011
Maverick Sabre 'I Need' live @ The Jazz Cafe, 9th June 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:04
- Published: 18 Jun 2011
- Updated: 02 Oct 2012
Hot off tour with Snoop Dogg around the UK, Maverick Sabre returned to good old north London to blow the roof off of Jazz Cafe. I've seen many gigs at this infamous venue but this was different, the energy inside created by the sold out crowd, singing along with Mav and the band, created a beautiful atmosphere that was a joy to witness. Attracting a young and old crowd with all in between, Mav unleashes some classic Motown Soul through the mic, as well as tuning into the dub step frequency when its time to get things bouncing. All in all a great night for UK music! Big up D and the fam, Peace! www.michaelantoniou.co.uk
http://wn.com/Maverick_Sabre_'I_Need'_live_@_The_Jazz_Cafe,_9th_June_2011
Maverick Sabre - Sometimes (Live at The Jazz Cafe)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:12
- Published: 25 Jul 2011
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
Music video by Maverick Sabre performing Sometimes (Live at The Jazz Cafe). (C) 2011 MTA Records Limited under exclusive licence to Mercury Records Limited
http://wn.com/Maverick_Sabre_Sometimes_Live_at_The_Jazz_Cafe
Maverick Sabre - No One / Video Games / Heaven (Live Lounge)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:41
- Published: 07 Feb 2012
- Updated: 10 Oct 2012
Maverick Sabre dropped in on Fearne Cotton's Radio 1 live lounge which featured his new single 'No One', an exclusive version of Lana Del Ray's 'Video Games' and Emile Sande's 'Heaven'. Enjoy. www.detailsofmylife.net
http://wn.com/Maverick_Sabre_No_One_Video_Games_Heaven_Live_Lounge
Maverick Sabre - Georgia (Live lounge, Radio 1)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:21
- Published: 10 Aug 2011
- Updated: 17 Oct 2012
Maverick Sabre in the live lounge on Radio 1 www.mavericksabre.com http twitter.com youtube.com
http://wn.com/Maverick_Sabre_Georgia_Live_lounge,_Radio_1
Maverick Sabre "Let Me Go": Bands In Transit
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:13
- Published: 23 Nov 2011
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
Maverick Sabre performs his track "Let Me Go" live for Bands In Transit. www.facebook.com www.twitter.com www.youtube.com bandsintransit.com
http://wn.com/Maverick_Sabre_Let_Me_Go_Bands_In_Transit
Maverick Sabre - A Change Is Gonna Come (Live lounge, Radio 1)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:25
- Published: 11 Aug 2011
- Updated: 15 Oct 2012
Maverick Sabre in the live lounge on Radio 1 www.mavericksabre.com http twitter.com youtube.com
http://wn.com/Maverick_Sabre_A_Change_Is_Gonna_Come_Live_lounge,_Radio_1
MAVERICK SABRE - LONELY SIDE OF LIFE
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:17
- Published: 13 May 2009
- Updated: 13 Oct 2012
www.balconytv.com BALCONYTV DUBLIN 13 PRESENTED BY PAULINE FREEMAN Born in London but raised in Wexford, Maverick Sabre first picked up a guitar at the age of 8 and has been playing ever since. On hitting his teenage years Maverick began performing on the Irish hip-hop scene. Through groups like Rap Ireland and Urban Intelligence, support slots ensued for The Game, Lloyd Banks and Plan B, who subsequently suggested a move to London should be on the cards for him. Once London based, collaborations with rapper Professor Green and electro dance duo Chase & Status followed. With his debut album nearing completion, Maverick Sabre has been out on the road again with a support slot on the Snoop Dogg UK tour. He is also set to perform at Oxegen Festival this Summer. www.myspace.com Tune in again tomorrow!!!
http://wn.com/MAVERICK_SABRE_LONELY_SIDE_OF_LIFE
Maverick Sabre - Wonderwall, BBC Radio 1's Live Lounge **MusicVita**
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:03
- Published: 25 Mar 2011
- Updated: 17 Oct 2012
Maverick Sabre covering Wonderwall by Oasis on BBC Radio 1 Live Lounge. Great cover, what do you guys think?Post your opinions on the online music club www.musicvita.com WE DO NOT OWN THE RIGHTS TO THESE IMAGES, NOR THE MATERIAL DISPLAYED AT ALL. Copyright Infringement IS NOT intended. This is purely for entertainment purposes only.
http://wn.com/Maverick_Sabre_Wonderwall,_BBC_Radio_1's_Live_Lounge_**MusicVita**
Maverick Sabre Live Lounge
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:00
- Published: 03 Aug 2011
- Updated: 30 Sep 2012
London born & Irish bred, Maverick Sabre has amazed us with his adverse range & unique vocals. In this Live Lounge debut, Maverick performs his latest single 'Let Me Go' and suprises us with a cover of Sam Cookes "A Change Is Gonna Come" to bring back that motown soul. Follow me on twitter @KadeemLaurie
http://wn.com/Maverick_Sabre_Live_Lounge
Maverick Sabre Live At UEA Norwich
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:21
- Published: 29 Sep 2012
- Updated: 30 Sep 2012
Maverick Sabre Live At UEA Norwich 28/9/2012
http://wn.com/Maverick_Sabre_Live_At_UEA_Norwich
Maverick Sabre I Used To Have It All-Later with Jools Holland Live 2011 HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:47
- Published: 13 May 2011
- Updated: 08 Oct 2012
Maverick Sabre I Used To Have It All-Later with Jools Holland Live 2011 HD
http://wn.com/Maverick_Sabre_I_Used_To_Have_It_All-Later_with_Jools_Holland_Live_2011_HD
"Cold Game" - Maverick Sabre live at Jazz Cafe, London 9 June 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:54
- Published: 13 Jun 2011
- Updated: 21 Sep 2012
"Cold Game" - Maverick Sabre live at Jazz Cafe, Camden, London 9 June 2011
http://wn.com/Cold_Game_Maverick_Sabre_live_at_Jazz_Cafe,_London_9_June_2011
4:01
Maverick Sabre - I Used To Have It All (live on Jools Holland)
"I Used To Have It All" taken from the debut album by Maverick Sabre 'Lonely...
published: 20 Apr 2011
Author: MaverickSabre
Maverick Sabre - I Used To Have It All (live on Jools Holland)
"I Used To Have It All" taken from the debut album by Maverick Sabre 'Lonely Are The Brave''. Click here to buy the album at iTunes: zaphod.uk.vvhp.net/vv/120116153611 www.mavericksabre.com http twitter.com youtube.com
4:15
Maverick Sabre performs I Need at BBC 1Xtra Live in Birmingham
See Maverick Sabre performing the track 'I Need' as part of his 1Xtra Live perform...
published: 29 Nov 2011
Author: BBC1Xtra
Maverick Sabre performs I Need at BBC 1Xtra Live in Birmingham
See Maverick Sabre performing the track 'I Need' as part of his 1Xtra Live performance in Birmingham
4:02
Maverick Sabre - I Need - Live from Angel Studios
"I Need" taken from the forthcoming album ''Lonely Are The Brave'...
published: 15 Apr 2011
Author: MaverickSabre
Maverick Sabre - I Need - Live from Angel Studios
"I Need" taken from the forthcoming album ''Lonely Are The Brave'' by Maverick Sabre. Click here to prorder the album at iTunes: zaphod.uk.vvhp.net www.mavericksabre.com http twitter.com youtube.com
8:22
Maverick Sabre ' Sometimes ' Live on Choice FM Dj Hotsteppa
Maverick Sabre Performs Sometimes Acoustic Live On Choice and interview watch the rest of ...
published: 15 Feb 2010
Author: therealzee
Maverick Sabre ' Sometimes ' Live on Choice FM Dj Hotsteppa
Maverick Sabre Performs Sometimes Acoustic Live On Choice and interview watch the rest of the interview here . SUBSCRIBE NOW !!!
4:08
MAVERICK SABRE / CHRIS MOYLES - WONDERWALL (LIVE LOUNGE)
Maverick Sabre in BBC Radio 1 Live Lounge during Chris Moyles Show Record Attempt. Enjoy! ...
published: 17 Mar 2011
Author: Richard Wareham
MAVERICK SABRE / CHRIS MOYLES - WONDERWALL (LIVE LOUNGE)
Maverick Sabre in BBC Radio 1 Live Lounge during Chris Moyles Show Record Attempt. Enjoy! My Vimeo film channel here: vimeo.com
4:18
Maverick Sabre - I Need (VEVO Summer Six Presents)
Maverick Sabre perform 'I Need' live from the launch of VEVO's Summer Six, Con...
published: 23 May 2012
Author: MaverickSabreVEVO
Maverick Sabre - I Need (VEVO Summer Six Presents)
Maverick Sabre perform 'I Need' live from the launch of VEVO's Summer Six, Concorde 2 at The Great Escape
3:53
Maverick Sabre - BBC Radio 1 Live Lounge 'Video Games / Heaven' - Lana Del Ray & Emilie Sande mashup
Recorded in the Live Lounge for Fearne Cotton, here is Maverick Sabre's cover of '...
published: 08 Feb 2012
Author: MaverickSabre
Maverick Sabre - BBC Radio 1 Live Lounge 'Video Games / Heaven' - Lana Del Ray & Emilie Sande mashup
Recorded in the Live Lounge for Fearne Cotton, here is Maverick Sabre's cover of 'Video Games' and 'Heaven' (originally by Lana Del Ray & Emilie Sandé). Maverick Sabre's debut album 'Lonely Are The Brave' is out now on iTunes: itunes.apple.com www.mavericksabre.com http twitter.com youtube.com
3:32
Maverick Sabre - Let Me Go (Live on the Sunday Night Sessions on BBC London 94.9)
Maverick Sabre performed 4 tracks on the Sunday Night Sessions for BBC London 94.9 with Jo...
published: 04 Mar 2012
Author: BBCSundaySessions
Maverick Sabre - Let Me Go (Live on the Sunday Night Sessions on BBC London 94.9)
Maverick Sabre performed 4 tracks on the Sunday Night Sessions for BBC London 94.9 with Jo Good and Dan Roberts. Tune in live every Sunday at 10pm.
4:05
Maverick Sabre - Fairytale of New York (Live Lounge)
Maverick Sabre performs a cover of the Pogues Christmas classic, Fairytale of New York, fo...
published: 08 Dec 2011
Author: bbcradio1
Maverick Sabre - Fairytale of New York (Live Lounge)
Maverick Sabre performs a cover of the Pogues Christmas classic, Fairytale of New York, for Chris Moyles and the BBC Radio 1 breakfast show team
3:45
Maverick Sabre - Beautiful Girl/Stand By Me in the Live Lounge
Maverick Sabre performs his cover of Beautiful Girl/Stand By Me in the Radio 1 and 1Xtra L...
published: 21 Jun 2012
Author: bbcradio1
Maverick Sabre - Beautiful Girl/Stand By Me in the Live Lounge
Maverick Sabre performs his cover of Beautiful Girl/Stand By Me in the Radio 1 and 1Xtra Live Lounge at Hackney Academy. Click here to see him perform Where We Gonna Go www.bbc.co.uk
3:34
Katy B Maverick Sabre Let Me Go BBC Radio 1 Live Lounge 2011
Katy B performing a cover of Maverick Sabre's Let Me Go in the BBC Radio 1 Live Lounge...
published: 18 Dec 2011
Author: gsr28647
Katy B Maverick Sabre Let Me Go BBC Radio 1 Live Lounge 2011
Katy B performing a cover of Maverick Sabre's Let Me Go in the BBC Radio 1 Live Lounge August 2011
5:04
Maverick Sabre 'I Need' live @ The Jazz Cafe, 9th June 2011
Hot off tour with Snoop Dogg around the UK, Maverick Sabre returned to good old north Lond...
published: 18 Jun 2011
Author: BIGGATOE
Maverick Sabre 'I Need' live @ The Jazz Cafe, 9th June 2011
Hot off tour with Snoop Dogg around the UK, Maverick Sabre returned to good old north London to blow the roof off of Jazz Cafe. I've seen many gigs at this infamous venue but this was different, the energy inside created by the sold out crowd, singing along with Mav and the band, created a beautiful atmosphere that was a joy to witness. Attracting a young and old crowd with all in between, Mav unleashes some classic Motown Soul through the mic, as well as tuning into the dub step frequency when its time to get things bouncing. All in all a great night for UK music! Big up D and the fam, Peace! www.michaelantoniou.co.uk
3:12
Maverick Sabre - Sometimes (Live at The Jazz Cafe)
Music video by Maverick Sabre performing Sometimes (Live at The Jazz Cafe). (C) 2011 MTA R...
published: 25 Jul 2011
Author: MaverickSabreVEVO
Maverick Sabre - Sometimes (Live at The Jazz Cafe)
Music video by Maverick Sabre performing Sometimes (Live at The Jazz Cafe). (C) 2011 MTA Records Limited under exclusive licence to Mercury Records Limited
7:41
Maverick Sabre - No One / Video Games / Heaven (Live Lounge)
Maverick Sabre dropped in on Fearne Cotton's Radio 1 live lounge which featured his ne...
published: 07 Feb 2012
Author: Kadeem Laurie
Maverick Sabre - No One / Video Games / Heaven (Live Lounge)
Maverick Sabre dropped in on Fearne Cotton's Radio 1 live lounge which featured his new single 'No One', an exclusive version of Lana Del Ray's 'Video Games' and Emile Sande's 'Heaven'. Enjoy. www.detailsofmylife.net
Vimeo results:
1:25
Birds on the Wires
Winner of the YouTube Play Guggenheim Biennial Festival.
Soundtrack available here: http:/...
published: 04 Sep 2009
Author: Jarbas Agnelli
Birds on the Wires
Winner of the YouTube Play Guggenheim Biennial Festival.
Soundtrack available here: http://tinyurl.com/7xj6net
Reading a newspaper, I saw a picture of birds on the electric wires. I cut out the photo and decided to make a song, using the exact location of the birds as notes (no Photoshop edit). I knew it wasn't the most original idea in the universe. I was just curious to hear what melody the birds were creating.
I sent the music to the photographer, Paulo Pinto, who I Googled on the internet. He told his editor, who told a reporter and the story ended up as an interview in the very same newspaper.
Here I've posted a short video made with the photo, the music and the score (composed by the birds).
Also check my live presentation of Birds on the Wires at TEDx São Paulo: http://www.tedxsaopaulo.com.br/jarbas-agnelli/
Music made with Logic.
Video made with After Effects.
An interview about this and other works: http://biginterview.org/
3:35
The V Motion Project
The Motion Project was a collaboration between a lot of clever creative people working tog...
published: 08 Jul 2012
Author: Assembly
The V Motion Project
The Motion Project was a collaboration between a lot of clever creative people working together to create a machine that turns motion into music. The client for the project, Frucor (makers of V energy drink), together with their agency Colenso BBDO, kitted-out a warehouse space for this project to grow in and gathered together a group of talented people from a number of creative fields.
http://www.v.co.nz/#the-motion-project
We created and designed the live visual spectacle with a music video being produced from the results. We wanted it to be clear that the technology was real and actually being played live. The interface plays a key role in illustrating the idea of the instrument and we designed it to highlight the audio being controlled by the dancer. Design elements like real time tracking and samples being drawn on as they are played all add to authenticity of the performance. The visuals are all created live and the music video is essentially a real document of the night.
http://www.assemblyltd.com/
Check out the tech behind the project here:
www.custom-logic.com/blog/v-motion-project-the-instrument/
Developers
Jeff Nusz
Paul Sanderson - http://fugitive.co.nz
Music
Joel Little
Ableton
James Hayday
Dancer
Josh Cesan
Agency
Colenso BBDO
Creative Chairman: Nick Worthington
Creative Director: Aaron Turk
Art Director: Jae Morrison
Art Director: Lachlan Palmer-Hubbard
Copywriter: Graeme Clark
Group Account Director: Tim Ellis
Account Director: Samantha Parsons
Senior Account Manager: Stefanie Robertson
Account Executive: Eileen Cosgrove-Moloney
Planner: Andy Mcleish
Client
Frucor Beverage LTD
Marketing Manager: Luke Rive
Senior Brand Manager: Cormac Van Den Hoofdakker
Production:
DOP: Renaud Maire
Camera: Clint Rarm, Dan Max
Post Production:
Editor: Tim Mauger
Colourist: Pete Ritchie
4:49
Time is Nothing // Around The World Time Lapse
17 Countries. 343 Days. 6237 Photographs. One incredible journey.
After I quit my job las...
published: 31 Dec 2011
Author: Kien Lam
Time is Nothing // Around The World Time Lapse
17 Countries. 343 Days. 6237 Photographs. One incredible journey.
After I quit my job last year, I packed a bag, grabbed my camera and bought a one way ticket to London. 17 countries later, I put together this time lapse video of the many amazing places I came across.
To follow the journey and learn more about each scene visit http://kienlam.net/around-the-world and www.kienlam.net
IF ANYONE SAW THE SEGMENT ON CNN ABOUT THIS VIDEO AND HAPPENED TO RECORD IT, CAN YOU PLEASE GET IN CONTACT WITH ME.
Original Music: "Places and Faces" by William Lam. Will is an extremely talented musical composer whose range is barely touched in this composition he wrote specifically for the video. He's also my little brother. If you want to commission William to write music, email him at MetaphysikaSounds[at]gmail[dot]com.
Please support the artist if you like the song by buying it on iTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/us/artist/metaphysika-sounds/id497553369
Technical Details:
Shot with a Panasonic Lumix GF-1, 20mm f/1.7 and 14-45mm f/3.5-4.5.
Photography and Video Edited with Lightroom, After Effects and Final Cut Pro.
Music composed in Logic Pro.
Facebook: http://facebook.com/kienlamphotography
Twitter: http://twitter.com/kiendlam
Special thanks to Dan Hirons, Joey Seich and Carol Trieu for all your help, support and patience.
To all my fellow travelers whose company made each step of the way all the more memorable and unique, I want you to know that however short an appearance you made in the video, you've left an impact far greater and long-lasting than the few seconds that each city appeared in the video.
To my family, thank you for bearing with me and worrying about my health and safety with every dodgy bus ride and new country I found myself in each day.
2:18
Digitals
One day I got an email, an sms, a phone call, a Facebook message and two tweets all within...
published: 30 Jan 2012
Author: Chris Crutchfield
Digitals
One day I got an email, an sms, a phone call, a Facebook message and two tweets all within about 5 seconds of one another. This video is a re-manifestation of my brain's interpretation of that event. #trustory
Direction + Editing + Music Creation = Chris
Cinematographer = Pierce Cook
Shot on RED
All sounds sampled on ZoomH4N, then composed in Logic + Reason4
Edited in FCPX
Oh, and you can enjoy this as an iPhone ringtone if you'd like!
Version 1 - http://bit.ly/ziVYLC
Version 2 - http://bit.ly/yVb6CG
Enjoy.
Youtube results:
3:21
Maverick Sabre - Georgia (Live lounge, Radio 1)
Maverick Sabre in the live lounge on Radio 1 www.mavericksabre.com http twitter.com youtub...
published: 10 Aug 2011
Author: MaverickSabre
Maverick Sabre - Georgia (Live lounge, Radio 1)
Maverick Sabre in the live lounge on Radio 1 www.mavericksabre.com http twitter.com youtube.com
3:13
Maverick Sabre "Let Me Go": Bands In Transit
Maverick Sabre performs his track "Let Me Go" live for Bands In Transit. www.fac...
published: 23 Nov 2011
Author: BandsInTransit
Maverick Sabre "Let Me Go": Bands In Transit
Maverick Sabre performs his track "Let Me Go" live for Bands In Transit. www.facebook.com www.twitter.com www.youtube.com bandsintransit.com
3:25
Maverick Sabre - A Change Is Gonna Come (Live lounge, Radio 1)
Maverick Sabre in the live lounge on Radio 1 www.mavericksabre.com http twitter.com youtub...
published: 11 Aug 2011
Author: MaverickSabre
Maverick Sabre - A Change Is Gonna Come (Live lounge, Radio 1)
Maverick Sabre in the live lounge on Radio 1 www.mavericksabre.com http twitter.com youtube.com
4:17
MAVERICK SABRE - LONELY SIDE OF LIFE
www.balconytv.com BALCONYTV DUBLIN 13 PRESENTED BY PAULINE FREEMAN Born in London but rais...
published: 13 May 2009
Author: StephenORegan
MAVERICK SABRE - LONELY SIDE OF LIFE
www.balconytv.com BALCONYTV DUBLIN 13 PRESENTED BY PAULINE FREEMAN Born in London but raised in Wexford, Maverick Sabre first picked up a guitar at the age of 8 and has been playing ever since. On hitting his teenage years Maverick began performing on the Irish hip-hop scene. Through groups like Rap Ireland and Urban Intelligence, support slots ensued for The Game, Lloyd Banks and Plan B, who subsequently suggested a move to London should be on the cards for him. Once London based, collaborations with rapper Professor Green and electro dance duo Chase & Status followed. With his debut album nearing completion, Maverick Sabre has been out on the road again with a support slot on the Snoop Dogg UK tour. He is also set to perform at Oxegen Festival this Summer. www.myspace.com Tune in again tomorrow!!!
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Creative Commons / Meghan
WN / Aaron Gilbert
WN / Aaron Gilbert
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WN / Aaron Gilbert
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WN / Aaron Gilbert
WN / Aaron Gilbert
WN / Ronni Bar
WN / Elena Avramenko
Photo: GFDL / Daderot
18 Oct 2012
New Delhi: A white sperm whale looms on the background of the doodle on the Google home page on Thursday. The doodle commemorates the 161st anniversary of the...
Photo: AP / www.muslm.net
18 Oct 2012
Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, the self-described mastermind of the September 11 attacks, delivered a scathing anti-American diatribe at a military tribunal in what the judge called a "one-time occurrence"....
Photo: Creative Commons / Kansir
17 Oct 2012
(Reuters) - IBM posted a quarterly revenue miss and barely beat analyst expectations for earnings per share as customers put off spending on big ticket items and a stronger dollar hit the company's...
Photo: NARA
18 Oct 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling Before swallowing a capsule and committing suicide this very same week in 1946, during the Nuremberg Trials Hermann Goering testified how Nazi Germany...
Photo: AP / Carolyn Kaster
17 Oct 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling On the very last day of the 1980 election, twelve percent of voters finally decided to vote for the Republican's presidential candidate Ronald Reagan....
Photo: Creative Commons
18 Oct 2012
Dubai: After years as the brash outsiders in the industry, fast-growing Gulf airlines are starting to take a more cooperative approach, seeking alliances rather than direct confrontation with big...
Photo: WN / Aruna Mirasdar
18 Oct 2012
For decades environmentalists have been guided in their work by what became known as the precautionary principle. This decision-making guide was first put forward in environmental terms by...
Photo: White House / Pete Souza
16 Oct 2012
Even as Mitt Romney and Paul Ryan continue to blast President Obama and Secretary Clinton's foreign policy successes, al-Qaeda leader Zawahiri issued another statement urging Muslims to protest the...
The Examiner
Related topics American IdolNicki MinajMariah CareyTelevisionReality TVStrange News Advertisement Is the Mariah Carey and Nicki Minaj "American Idol" feud real or a ratings ploy? It's all in the timing, apparently. "American Idol" producer Nigel Lythgoe, speaking to TMZ on Wednesday, was quite...(size: 6.8Kb)
California Newspaper Editorial Boards Spread False Claims and Faulty Logic on Proposition 37
18 Oct 2012
Treehugger
/CC BY-SA 2.0 Each election season, proponents and opponents of the various initiatives on the California ballot hope for the state’s major newspaper endorsements. While you can’t expect every paper to endorse your side, Proposition 37, which would require labeling of foods produced using genetic...(size: 16.9Kb)
The Los Angeles Times
Charles Munger Jr., the Stanford physicist and GOP activist, donates $2.3 million to defeat Proposition 30, Jerry Brown's plan to raise taxes to avoid huge service cuts. ALSO: Follow Ted Rall on Twitter...(size: 29.4Kb)
Reuters
Oct 18 - The announcement this week by ASML of its plan to acquire Cymer Inc. has industrial logic and limited downside credit risk, says Fitch Ratings. Although the acquisition is a departure from ASML's outsourced approach to its supply chain, ASML accounted for 35% of Cymer's 2011...(size: 1.9Kb)
Linear Logics One of Top Three Finalists in SAP Mobile Apps Partner Challenge, North America
18 Oct 2012
StreetInsider
Tweet LAS VEGAS, Oct. 17, 2012 /PRNewswire-iReach/ -- Linear Logics Corp. today was chosen as one of the top three finalists in the SAP Mobile Apps Partner Challenge in North America for its successful development of the Customer Demand Manager (CDM™) mobile app. Linear Logics will be participating...(size: 3.6Kb)
Yahoo's Jason Cole not reporting Dolphins-Chiefs Bowe talk, but says it would be 'logical'
17 Oct 2012
Sun Sentinel
Yahoo.com senior NFL writer and former Sun Sentinel Miami Dolphins writer Jason Cole joined The Jorge Sedano Show on Wednesday and was asked about an ESPN report that the Dolphins are talking to Kansas City about 'a big-name' Chiefs player. Cole volunteered that logic would dictate that the player...(size: 2.3Kb)
MSNBC
NATICK, Mass., Oct 17, 2012 (BUSINESS WIRE) -- MathWorks today announced a new version of Stateflow in R2012b that simplifies control logic design. A new Stateflow Editor, state transition tables, and MATLAB as an action language, help engineers build applications like supervisory control, task...(size: 16.6Kb)
Business Wire
Offers a single environment for combinatorial and sequential decision logic based on state machines and flow charts NATICK, Mass.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--MathWorks today announced a new version of Stateflow in R2012b that simplifies control logic design. A new Stateflow Editor, state transition tables,...(size: 8.9Kb)
A biker-logical approach urged for safety
17 Oct 2012
Canberra Times
Rocco and Wilani Smit, of Mount Evelyn, regularly ride to sports and school with their children, Iliro and Inica, using off-road bike paths. TO HELP help make your neighbourhood safer and more liveable, let your children ride a bike around town, an urban planning expert says. Streets become less...(size: 2.8Kb)
All Africa
[New Dawn]In wake of Congress for Democratic Change (CDC) lawmakers' call for...(size: 0.5Kb)
For other uses, see Logic (disambiguation).
| Philosophy |
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Logic (from the Greek λογική logikē)[1] is the philosophical study of valid reasoning.[2] Logic is used in most intellectual activities, but is studied primarily in the disciplines of philosophy, mathematics, semantics, and computer science. It examines general forms that arguments may take, which forms are valid, and which are fallacies. In philosophy, the study of logic is applied in most major areas: metaphysics, ontology, epistemology, and ethics. In mathematics, it is the study of valid inferences within some formal language.[3] Logic is also studied in argumentation theory.[4]
Logic was studied in several ancient civilizations, including India,[5] China,[6] and Greece. In the West, logic was established as a formal discipline by Aristotle, who gave it a fundamental place in philosophy. The study of logic was part of the classical trivium, which also included grammar and rhetoric.
Logic is often divided into three parts, inductive reasoning, abductive reasoning, and deductive reasoning.
The study of logic[link]
| “ | Upon this first, and in one sense this sole, rule of reason, that in order to learn you must desire to learn, and in so desiring not be satisfied with what you already incline to think, there follows one corollary which itself deserves to be inscribed upon every wall of the city of philosophy: Do not block the way of inquiry. | ” |
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—Charles Sanders Peirce, "First Rule of Logic") |
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The concept of logical form is central to logic, it being held that the validity of an argument is determined by its logical form, not by its content. Traditional Aristotelian syllogistic logic and modern symbolic logic are examples of formal logics.
- Informal logic is the study of natural language arguments. The study of fallacies is an especially important branch of informal logic. The dialogues of Plato[7] are good examples of informal logic.
- Formal logic is the study of inference with purely formal content. An inference possesses a purely formal content if it can be expressed as a particular application of a wholly abstract rule, that is, a rule that is not about any particular thing or property. The works of Aristotle contain the earliest known formal study of logic. Modern formal logic follows and expands on Aristotle.[8] In many definitions of logic, logical inference and inference with purely formal content are the same. This does not render the notion of informal logic vacuous, because no formal logic captures all of the nuance of natural language.
- Symbolic logic is the study of symbolic abstractions that capture the formal features of logical inference.[9][10] Symbolic logic is often divided into two branches: propositional logic and predicate logic.
- Mathematical logic is an extension of symbolic logic into other areas, in particular to the study of model theory, proof theory, set theory, and recursion theory.
Logical form[link]
Logic is generally accepted to be formal, in that it aims to analyze and represent the form (or logical form) of any valid argument type. The form of an argument is displayed by representing its sentences in the formal grammar and symbolism of a logical language to make its content usable in formal inference. If one considers the notion of form to be too philosophically loaded, one could say that formalizing is nothing else than translating English sentences into the language of logic.
This is known as showing the logical form of the argument. It is necessary because indicative sentences of ordinary language show a considerable variety of form and complexity that makes their use in inference impractical. It requires, first, ignoring those grammatical features which are irrelevant to logic (such as gender and declension if the argument is in Latin), replacing conjunctions which are not relevant to logic (such as 'but') with logical conjunctions like 'and' and replacing ambiguous or alternative logical expressions ('any', 'every', etc.) with expressions of a standard type (such as 'all', or the universal quantifier ∀).
Second, certain parts of the sentence must be replaced with schematic letters. Thus, for example, the expression 'all As are Bs' shows the logical form which is common to the sentences 'all men are mortals', 'all cats are carnivores', 'all Greeks are philosophers' and so on.
That the concept of form is fundamental to logic was already recognized in ancient times. Aristotle uses variable letters to represent valid inferences in Prior Analytics, leading Jan Łukasiewicz to say that the introduction of variables was 'one of Aristotle's greatest inventions'.[11] According to the followers of Aristotle (such as Ammonius), only the logical principles stated in schematic terms belong to logic, and not those given in concrete terms. The concrete terms 'man', 'mortal', etc., are analogous to the substitution values of the schematic placeholders 'A', 'B', 'C', which were called the 'matter' (Greek 'hyle') of the inference.
The fundamental difference between modern formal logic and traditional or Aristotelian logic lies in their differing analysis of the logical form of the sentences they treat.
- In the traditional view, the form of the sentence consists of (1) a subject (e.g. 'man') plus a sign of quantity ('all' or 'some' or 'no'); (2) the copula which is of the form 'is' or 'is not'; (3) a predicate (e.g. 'mortal'). Thus: all men are mortal. The logical constants such as 'all', 'no' and so on, plus sentential connectives such as 'and' and 'or' were called 'syncategorematic' terms (from the Greek 'kategorei' – to predicate, and 'syn' – together with). This is a fixed scheme, where each judgement has an identified quantity and copula, determining the logical form of the sentence.
- According to the modern view, the fundamental form of a simple sentence is given by a recursive schema, involving logical connectives, such as a quantifier with its bound variable, which are joined to by juxtaposition to other sentences, which in turn may have logical structure.
- The modern view is more complex, since a single judgement of Aristotle's system will involve two or more logical connectives. For example, the sentence "All men are mortal" involves in term logic two non-logical terms "is a man" (here M) and "is mortal" (here D): the sentence is given by the judgement A(M,D). In predicate logic the sentence involves the same two non-logical concepts, here analyzed as Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): m(x)
and Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): d(x)
, and the sentence is given by Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): \forall x. (m(x) \rightarrow d(x)) , involving the logical connectives for universal quantification and implication.
- But equally, the modern view is more powerful: medieval logicians recognized the problem of multiple generality, where Aristotelean logic is unable to satisfactorily render such sentences as "Some guys have all the luck", because both quantities "all" and "some" may be relevant in an inference, but the fixed scheme that Aristotle used allows only one to govern the inference. Just as linguists recognize recursive structure in natural languages, it appears that logic needs recursive structure.
Deductive and inductive reasoning, and retroductive inference[link]
Deductive reasoning concerns what follows necessarily from given premises (if a, then b). However, inductive reasoning—the process of deriving a reliable generalization from observations—has sometimes been included in the study of logic. Similarly, it is important to distinguish deductive validity and inductive validity (called "cogency"). An inference is deductively valid if and only if there is no possible situation in which all the premises are true but the conclusion false. An inductive argument can be neither valid nor invalid; its premises give only some degree of probability, but not certainty, to its conclusion.
The notion of deductive validity can be rigorously stated for systems of formal logic in terms of the well-understood notions of semantics. Inductive validity on the other hand requires us to define a reliable generalization of some set of observations. The task of providing this definition may be approached in various ways, some less formal than others; some of these definitions may use mathematical models of probability. For the most part this discussion of logic deals only with deductive logic.
Retroductive inference is a mode of reasoning that Peirce proposed as operating over and above induction and deduction to “open up new ground” in processes of theorizing (1911, p. 2). He defines retroduction as a logical inference that allows us to "render comprehensible" some observations/events which we perceive, by relating these back to a posited state of affairs that would help to shed light on the observations (Peirce, 1911, p. 2). He remarks that the “characteristic formula” of reasoning that he calls retroduction is that it involves reasoning from a consequent (any observed/experienced phenomena that confront us) to an antecedent (that is, a posited state of things that helps us to render comprehensible the observed phenomena). Or, as he otherwise puts it, it can be considered as “regressing from a consequent to a hypothetical antecedent” (1911, p. 4). See for instance, the discussion at: http://www.helsinki.fi/science/commens/dictionary.html
Some authors have suggested that this mode of inference can be used within social theorizing to postulate social structures/mechanisms that explain the way that social outcomes arise in social life and that in turn also indicate that these structures/mechanisms are alterable with sufficient social will (and visioning of alternatives). In other words, this logic is specifically liberative in that it can be used to point to transformative potential in our way of organizing our social existence by our re-examining/exploring the deep structures that generate outcomes (and life chances for people). In her book on New Racism (2010) Norma Romm offers an account of various interpretations of what can be said to be involved in retroduction as a form of inference and how this can also be seen to be linked to a style of theorizing (and caring) where processes of knowing (which she sees as dialogically rooted) are linked to social justice projects (http://www.springer.com/978-90-481-8727-0)
Consistency, validity, soundness, and completeness[link]
Among the important properties that logical systems can have:
- Consistency, which means that no theorem of the system contradicts another.[12]
- Validity, which means that the system's rules of proof will never allow a false inference from true premises. A logical system has the property of soundness when the logical system has the property of validity and only uses premises that prove true (or, in the case of axioms, are true by definition).[12]
- Completeness, of a logical system, which means that if a formula is true, it can be proven (if it is true, it is a theorem of the system).
- Soundness, the term soundness has multiple separate meanings, which creates a bit of confusion throughout the literature. Most commonly, soundness refers to logical systems, which means that if some formula can be proven in a system, then it is true in the relevant model/structure (if A is a theorem, it is true). This is the converse of completeness. A distinct, peripheral use of soundness refers to arguments, which means that the premises of a valid argument are true in the actual world.
Some logical systems do not have all four properties. As an example, Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorems show that sufficiently complex formal systems of arithmetic cannot be consistent and complete;[10] however, first-order predicate logics not extended by specific axioms to be arithmetic formal systems with equality can be complete and consistent.[13]
Rival conceptions of logic[link]
Main article: Definitions of logic
Logic arose (see below) from a concern with correctness of argumentation. Modern logicians usually wish to ensure that logic studies just those arguments that arise from appropriately general forms of inference. For example, Thomas Hofweber writes in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy that logic "does not, however, cover good reasoning as a whole. That is the job of the theory of rationality. Rather it deals with inferences whose validity can be traced back to the formal features of the representations that are involved in that inference, be they linguistic, mental, or other representations".[3]
By contrast, Immanuel Kant argued that logic should be conceived as the science of judgment, an idea taken up in Gottlob Frege's logical and philosophical work, where thought (German: Gedanke) is substituted for judgment (German: Urteil). On this conception, the valid inferences of logic follow from the structural features of judgments or thoughts.
History[link]
Main article: History of logic
The earliest sustained work on the subject of logic is that of Aristotle.[14] Aristotelian logic became widely accepted in science and mathematics and remained in wide use in the West until the early 19th century.[15] Aristotle's system of logic was responsible for the introduction of hypothetical syllogism,[16] temporal modal logic,[17][18] and inductive logic.[19] In Europe during the later medieval period, major efforts were made to show that Aristotle's ideas were compatible with Christian faith. During the High Middle Ages, logic became a main focus of philosophers, who would engage in critical logical analyses of philosophical arguments.
The Chinese logical philosopher Gongsun Long (ca. 325–250 BC) proposed the paradox "One and one cannot become two, since neither becomes two."[20] In China, the tradition of scholarly investigation into logic, however, was repressed by the Qin dynasty following the legalist philosophy of Han Feizi.
In India, innovations in the scholastic school, called Nyaya, continued from ancient times into the early 18th century with the Navya-Nyaya school. By the 16th century, it developed theories resembling modern logic, such as Gottlob Frege's "distinction between sense and reference of proper names" and his "definition of number," as well as the theory of "restrictive conditions for universals" anticipating some of the developments in modern set theory.[21] Since 1824, Indian logic attracted the attention of many Western scholars, and has had an influence on important 19th-century logicians such as Charles Babbage, Augustus De Morgan, and George Boole.[22] In the 20th century, Western philosophers like Stanislaw Schayer and Klaus Glashoff have explored Indian logic more extensively.
The syllogistic logic developed by Aristotle predominated in the West until the mid-19th century, when interest in the foundations of mathematics stimulated the development of symbolic logic (now called mathematical logic). In 1854, George Boole published An Investigation of the Laws of Thought on Which are Founded the Mathematical Theories of Logic and Probabilities, introducing symbolic logic and the principles of what is now known as Boolean logic. In 1879, Gottlob Frege published Begriffsschrift which inaugurated modern logic with the invention of quantifier notation. From 1910 to 1913, Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell published Principia Mathematica[9] on the foundations of mathematics, attempting to derive mathematical truths from axioms and inference rules in symbolic logic. In 1931, Gödel raised serious problems with the foundationalist program and logic ceased to focus on such issues.
The development of logic since Frege, Russell, and Wittgenstein had a profound influence on the practice of philosophy and the perceived nature of philosophical problems (see Analytic philosophy), and Philosophy of mathematics. Logic, especially sentential logic, is implemented in computer logic circuits and is fundamental to computer science. Logic is commonly taught by university philosophy departments, often as a compulsory discipline.
Topics in logic[link]
Syllogistic logic[link]
Main article: Aristotelian logic
The Organon was Aristotle's body of work on logic, with the Prior Analytics constituting the first explicit work in formal logic, introducing the syllogistic.[23] The parts of syllogistic logic, also known by the name term logic, are the analysis of the judgements into propositions consisting of two terms that are related by one of a fixed number of relations, and the expression of inferences by means of syllogisms that consist of two propositions sharing a common term as premise, and a conclusion which is a proposition involving the two unrelated terms from the premises.
Aristotle's work was regarded in classical times and from medieval times in Europe and the Middle East as the very picture of a fully worked out system. However, it was not alone: the Stoics proposed a system of propositional logic that was studied by medieval logicians. Also, the problem of multiple generality was recognised in medieval times. Nonetheless, problems with syllogistic logic were not seen as being in need of revolutionary solutions.
Today, some academics claim that Aristotle's system is generally seen as having little more than historical value (though there is some current interest in extending term logics), regarded as made obsolete by the advent of propositional logic and the predicate calculus. Others use Aristotle in argumentation theory to help develop and critically question argumentation schemes that are used in artificial intelligence and legal arguments.
Propositional logic (sentential logic)[link]
Main article: Propositional calculus
A propositional calculus or logic (also a sentential calculus) is a formal system in which formulae representing propositions can be formed by combining atomic propositions using logical connectives, and in which a system of formal proof rules allows certain formulae to be established as "theorems".
Predicate logic[link]
Main article: Predicate logic
Predicate logic is the generic term for symbolic formal systems such as first-order logic, second-order logic, many-sorted logic, and infinitary logic.
Predicate logic provides an account of quantifiers general enough to express a wide set of arguments occurring in natural language. Aristotelian syllogistic logic specifies a small number of forms that the relevant part of the involved judgements may take. Predicate logic allows sentences to be analysed into subject and argument in several additional ways, thus allowing predicate logic to solve the problem of multiple generality that had perplexed medieval logicians.
The development of predicate logic is usually attributed to Gottlob Frege, who is also credited as one of the founders of analytical philosophy, but the formulation of predicate logic most often used today is the first-order logic presented in Principles of Mathematical Logic by David Hilbert and Wilhelm Ackermann in 1928. The analytical generality of predicate logic allowed the formalisation of mathematics, drove the investigation of set theory, and allowed the development of Alfred Tarski's approach to model theory. It provides the foundation of modern mathematical logic.
Frege's original system of predicate logic was second-order, rather than first-order. Second-order logic is most prominently defended (against the criticism of Willard Van Orman Quine and others) by George Boolos and Stewart Shapiro.
Modal logic[link]
Main article: Modal logic
In languages, modality deals with the phenomenon that sub-parts of a sentence may have their semantics modified by special verbs or modal particles. For example, "We go to the games" can be modified to give "We should go to the games", and "We can go to the games"" and perhaps "We will go to the games". More abstractly, we might say that modality affects the circumstances in which we take an assertion to be satisfied.
The logical study of modality dates back to Aristotle,[24] who was concerned with the alethic modalities of necessity and possibility, which he observed to be dual in the sense of De Morgan duality.[citation needed] While the study of necessity and possibility remained important to philosophers, little logical innovation happened until the landmark investigations of Clarence Irving Lewis in 1918, who formulated a family of rival axiomatizations of the alethic modalities. His work unleashed a torrent of new work on the topic, expanding the kinds of modality treated to include deontic logic and epistemic logic. The seminal work of Arthur Prior applied the same formal language to treat temporal logic and paved the way for the marriage of the two subjects. Saul Kripke discovered (contemporaneously with rivals) his theory of frame semantics which revolutionised the formal technology available to modal logicians and gave a new graph-theoretic way of looking at modality that has driven many applications in computational linguistics and computer science, such as dynamic logic.
Informal reasoning[link]
Main article: Informal logic
The motivation for the study of logic in ancient times was clear: it is so that one may learn to distinguish good from bad arguments, and so become more effective in argument and oratory, and perhaps also to become a better person. Half of the works of Aristotle's Organon treat inference as it occurs in an informal setting, side by side with the development of the syllogistic, and in the Aristotelian school, these informal works on logic were seen as complementary to Aristotle's treatment of rhetoric.
This ancient motivation is still alive, although it no longer takes centre stage in the picture of logic; typically dialectical logic will form the heart of a course in critical thinking, a compulsory course at many universities.
Argumentation theory is the study and research of informal logic, fallacies, and critical questions as they relate to every day and practical situations. Specific types of dialogue can be analyzed and questioned to reveal premises, conclusions, and fallacies. Argumentation theory is now applied in artificial intelligence and law.
Mathematical logic[link]
Main article: Mathematical logic
Mathematical logic really refers to two distinct areas of research: the first is the application of the techniques of formal logic to mathematics and mathematical reasoning, and the second, in the other direction, the application of mathematical techniques to the representation and analysis of formal logic.[25]
The earliest use of mathematics and geometry in relation to logic and philosophy goes back to the ancient Greeks such as Euclid, Plato, and Aristotle.[26] Many other ancient and medieval philosophers applied mathematical ideas and methods to their philosophical claims.[27]
One of the boldest attempts to apply logic to mathematics was undoubtedly the logicism pioneered by philosopher-logicians such as Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell: the idea was that mathematical theories were logical tautologies, and the programme was to show this by means to a reduction of mathematics to logic.[9] The various attempts to carry this out met with a series of failures, from the crippling of Frege's project in his Grundgesetze by Russell's paradox, to the defeat of Hilbert's program by Gödel's incompleteness theorems.
Both the statement of Hilbert's program and its refutation by Gödel depended upon their work establishing the second area of mathematical logic, the application of mathematics to logic in the form of proof theory.[28] Despite the negative nature of the incompleteness theorems, Gödel's completeness theorem, a result in model theory and another application of mathematics to logic, can be understood as showing how close logicism came to being true: every rigorously defined mathematical theory can be exactly captured by a first-order logical theory; Frege's proof calculus is enough to describe the whole of mathematics, though not equivalent to it. Thus we see how complementary the two areas of mathematical logic have been.[citation needed]
If proof theory and model theory have been the foundation of mathematical logic, they have been but two of the four pillars of the subject. Set theory originated in the study of the infinite by Georg Cantor, and it has been the source of many of the most challenging and important issues in mathematical logic, from Cantor's theorem, through the status of the Axiom of Choice and the question of the independence of the continuum hypothesis, to the modern debate on large cardinal axioms.
Recursion theory captures the idea of computation in logical and arithmetic terms; its most classical achievements are the undecidability of the Entscheidungsproblem by Alan Turing, and his presentation of the Church-Turing thesis.[29] Today recursion theory is mostly concerned with the more refined problem of complexity classes — when is a problem efficiently solvable? — and the classification of degrees of unsolvability.[30]
Philosophical logic[link]
Main article: Philosophical logic
Philosophical logic deals with formal descriptions of natural language. Most philosophers assume that the bulk of "normal" proper reasoning can be captured by logic, if one can find the right method for translating ordinary language into that logic. Philosophical logic is essentially a continuation of the traditional discipline that was called "Logic" before the invention of mathematical logic. Philosophical logic has a much greater concern with the connection between natural language and logic. As a result, philosophical logicians have contributed a great deal to the development of non-standard logics (e.g., free logics, tense logics) as well as various extensions of classical logic (e.g., modal logics), and non-standard semantics for such logics (e.g., Kripke's technique of supervaluations in the semantics of logic).
Logic and the philosophy of language are closely related. Philosophy of language has to do with the study of how our language engages and interacts with our thinking. Logic has an immediate impact on other areas of study. Studying logic and the relationship between logic and ordinary speech can help a person better structure his own arguments and critique the arguments of others. Many popular arguments are filled with errors because so many people are untrained in logic and unaware of how to formulate an argument correctly.
Computational Logic[link]
Main article: Logic in computer science
Logic cut to the heart of computer science as it emerged as a discipline: Alan Turing's work on the Entscheidungsproblem followed from Kurt Gödel's work on the incompleteness theorems, and the notion of general purpose computers that came from this work was of fundamental importance to the designers of the computer machinery in the 1940s.
In the 1950s and 1960s, researchers predicted that when human knowledge could be expressed using logic with mathematical notation, it would be possible to create a machine that reasons, or artificial intelligence. This turned out to be more difficult than expected because of the complexity of human reasoning. In logic programming, a program consists of a set of axioms and rules. Logic programming systems such as Prolog compute the consequences of the axioms and rules in order to answer a query.
Today, logic is extensively applied in the fields of Artificial Intelligence, and Computer Science, and these fields provide a rich source of problems in formal and informal logic. Argumentation theory is one good example of how logic is being applied to artificial intelligence. The ACM Computing Classification System in particular regards:
- Section F.3 on Logics and meanings of programs and F.4 on Mathematical logic and formal languages as part of the theory of computer science: this work covers formal semantics of programming languages, as well as work of formal methods such as Hoare logic
- Boolean logic as fundamental to computer hardware: particularly, the system's section B.2 on Arithmetic and logic structures, relating to operatives AND, NOT, and OR;
- Many fundamental logical formalisms are essential to section I.2 on artificial intelligence, for example modal logic and default logic in Knowledge representation formalisms and methods, Horn clauses in logic programming, and description logic.
Furthermore, computers can be used as tools for logicians. For example, in symbolic logic and mathematical logic, proofs by humans can be computer-assisted. Using automated theorem proving the machines can find and check proofs, as well as work with proofs too lengthy to be written out by hand.
Bivalence and the law of the excluded middle[link]
Main article: Principle of bivalence
The logics discussed above are all "bivalent" or "two-valued"; that is, they are most naturally understood as dividing propositions into true and false propositions. Non-classical logics are those systems which reject bivalence.
Hegel developed his own dialectic logic that extended Kant's transcendental logic but also brought it back to ground by assuring us that "neither in heaven nor in earth, neither in the world of mind nor of nature, is there anywhere such an abstract 'either–or' as the understanding maintains. Whatever exists is concrete, with difference and opposition in itself".[31]
In 1910 Nicolai A. Vasiliev extended the law of excluded middle and the law of contradiction and proposed the law of excluded fourth and logic tolerant to contradiction.[32] In the early 20th century Jan Łukasiewicz investigated the extension of the traditional true/false values to include a third value, "possible", so inventing ternary logic, the first multi-valued logic.[citation needed]
Logics such as fuzzy logic have since been devised with an infinite number of "degrees of truth", represented by a real number between 0 and 1.[33]
Intuitionistic logic was proposed by L.E.J. Brouwer as the correct logic for reasoning about mathematics, based upon his rejection of the law of the excluded middle as part of his intuitionism. Brouwer rejected formalisation in mathematics, but his student Arend Heyting studied intuitionistic logic formally, as did Gerhard Gentzen. Intuitionistic logic has come to be of great interest to computer scientists, as it is a constructive logic and can be applied for extracting verified programs from proofs.
Modal logic is not truth conditional, and so it has often been proposed as a non-classical logic. However, modal logic is normally formalised with the principle of the excluded middle, and its relational semantics is bivalent, so this inclusion is disputable.
"Is logic empirical?"[link]
Main article: Is logic empirical?
What is the epistemological status of the laws of logic? What sort of argument is appropriate for criticizing purported principles of logic? In an influential paper entitled "Is logic empirical?"[34] Hilary Putnam, building on a suggestion of W.V. Quine, argued that in general the facts of propositional logic have a similar epistemological status as facts about the physical universe, for example as the laws of mechanics or of general relativity, and in particular that what physicists have learned about quantum mechanics provides a compelling case for abandoning certain familiar principles of classical logic: if we want to be realists about the physical phenomena described by quantum theory, then we should abandon the principle of distributivity, substituting for classical logic the quantum logic proposed by Garrett Birkhoff and John von Neumann.[35]
Another paper by the same name by Sir Michael Dummett argues that Putnam's desire for realism mandates the law of distributivity.[36] Distributivity of logic is essential for the realist's understanding of how propositions are true of the world in just the same way as he has argued the principle of bivalence is. In this way, the question, "Is logic empirical?" can be seen to lead naturally into the fundamental controversy in metaphysics on realism versus anti-realism.
Implication: strict or material?[link]
Main article: Paradox of entailment
It is obvious that the notion of implication formalised in classical logic does not comfortably translate into natural language by means of "if… then…", due to a number of problems called the paradoxes of material implication.
The first class of paradoxes involves counterfactuals, such as "If the moon is made of green cheese, then 2+2=5", which are puzzling because natural language does not support the principle of explosion. Eliminating this class of paradoxes was the reason for C. I. Lewis's formulation of strict implication, which eventually led to more radically revisionist logics such as relevance logic.
The second class of paradoxes involves redundant premises, falsely suggesting that we know the succedent because of the antecedent: thus "if that man gets elected, granny will die" is materially true since granny is mortal, regardless of the man's election prospects. Such sentences violate the Gricean maxim of relevance, and can be modelled by logics that reject the principle of monotonicity of entailment, such as relevance logic.
Tolerating the impossible[link]
Main article: Paraconsistent logic
Hegel was deeply critical of any simplified notion of the Law of Non-Contradiction. It was based on Leibniz's idea that this law of logic also requires a sufficient ground to specify from what point of view (or time) one says that something cannot contradict itself. A building, for example, both moves and does not move; the ground for the first is our solar system and for the second the earth. In Hegelian dialectic, the law of non-contradiction, of identity, itself relies upon difference and so is not independently assertable.
Closely related to questions arising from the paradoxes of implication comes the suggestion that logic ought to tolerate inconsistency. Relevance logic and paraconsistent logic are the most important approaches here, though the concerns are different: a key consequence of classical logic and some of its rivals, such as intuitionistic logic, is that they respect the principle of explosion, which means that the logic collapses if it is capable of deriving a contradiction. Graham Priest, the main proponent of dialetheism, has argued for paraconsistency on the grounds that there are in fact, true contradictions.[37]
Rejection of logical truth[link]
The philosophical vein of various kinds of skepticism contains many kinds of doubt and rejection of the various bases upon which logic rests, such as the idea of logical form, correct inference, or meaning, typically leading to the conclusion that there are no logical truths. Observe that this is opposite to the usual views in philosophical skepticism, where logic directs skeptical enquiry to doubt received wisdoms, as in the work of Sextus Empiricus.
Friedrich Nietzsche provides a strong example of the rejection of the usual basis of logic: his radical rejection of idealisation led him to reject truth as a "mobile army of metaphors, metonyms, and anthropomorphisms—in short ... metaphors which are worn out and without sensuous power; coins which have lost their pictures and now matter only as metal, no longer as coins".[38] His rejection of truth did not lead him to reject the idea of either inference or logic completely, but rather suggested that "logic [came] into existence in man's head [out] of illogic, whose realm originally must have been immense. Innumerable beings who made inferences in a way different from ours perished".[39] Thus there is the idea that logical inference has a use as a tool for human survival, but that its existence does not support the existence of truth, nor does it have a reality beyond the instrumental: "Logic, too, also rests on assumptions that do not correspond to anything in the real world".[40]
This position held by Nietzsche however, has come under extreme scrutiny for several reasons. He fails to demonstrate the validity of his claims and merely asserts them rhetorically. Furthermore, his position has been claimed to be self-refuting by philosophers, such as Jürgen Habermas, who have accused Nietszche of not even having a coherent perspective let alone a theory of knowledge.[41] George Lukacs in his book The Destruction of Reason has asserted that "Were we to study Nietzsche’s statements in this area from a logico-philosophical angle, we would be confronted by a dizzy chaos of the most lurid assertions, arbitrary and violently incompatible".[42] Extreme skepticism such as that displayed by Nietzsche has not been met with much seriousness by analytic philosophers in the 20th century. Bertrand Russell famously referred to Nietzsche's claims as "empty words" in his book A History of Western Philosophy.[43]
See also[link]
Notes[link]
- ^ "possessed of reason, intellectual, dialectical, argumentative", also related to [[wiktionary:λόγος|]] (logos), "word, thought, idea, argument, account, reason, or principle" (Liddell & Scott 1999; Online Etymology Dictionary 2001).
- ^ Richard Henry Popkin; Avrum Stroll (1 July 1993). Philosophy Made Simple. Random House Digital, Inc. p. 238. ISBN 978-0-385-42533-9. http://books.google.com/books?id=TWNo-4euyesC&pg=PR7. Retrieved 5 March 2012.
- ^ a b Hofweber, T. (2004). "Logic and Ontology". In Zalta, Edward N. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/logic-ontology.
- ^ Cox, J. Robert; Willard, Charles Arthur, eds. (1983). Advances in Argumentation Theory and Research. Southern Illinois University Press. ISBN 978-0-8093-1050-0.
- ^ For example, Nyaya (syllogistic recursion) dates back 1900 years.
- ^ Mohists and the school of Names date back at 2200 years.
- ^ Plato (1976). Buchanan, Scott. ed. The Portable Plato. Penguin. ISBN 0-14-015040-4.
- ^ Aristotle (2001). "Posterior Analytics". In Mckeon, Richard. The Basic Works. Modern Library. ISBN 0-375-75799-6.
- ^ a b c Whitehead, Alfred North; Russell, Bertrand (1967). Principia Mathematica to *56. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-62606-4.
- ^ a b For a more modern treatment, see Hamilton, A. G. (1980). Logic for Mathematicians. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-29291-3.
- ^ Łukasiewicz, Jan (1957). Aristotle's syllogistic from the standpoint of modern formal logic (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-19-824144-7.
- ^ a b Bergmann, Merrie, James Moor, and Jack Nelson. The Logic Book fifth edition. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2009.
- ^ Mendelson, Elliott (1964). "Quantification Theory: Completeness Theorems". Introduction to Mathematical Logic. Van Nostrand. ISBN 0-412-80830-7.
- ^ E.g., Kline (1972, p.53) wrote "A major achievement of Aristotle was the founding of the science of logic".
- ^ "Aristotle", MTU Department of Chemistry.
- ^ Jonathan Lear (1986). "Aristotle and Logical Theory". Cambridge University Press. p.34. ISBN 0-521-31178-0
- ^ Simo Knuuttila (1981). "Reforging the great chain of being: studies of the history of modal theories". Springer Science & Business. p.71. ISBN 90-277-1125-9
- ^ Michael Fisher, Dov M. Gabbay, Lluís Vila (2005). "Handbook of temporal reasoning in artificial intelligence". Elsevier. p.119. ISBN 0-444-51493-7
- ^ Harold Joseph Berman (1983). "Law and revolution: the formation of the Western legal tradition". Harvard University Press. p.133. ISBN 0-674-51776-8
- ^ The four Catuṣkoṭi logical divisions are formally very close to the four opposed propositions of the Greek tetralemma, which in turn are analogous to the four truth values of modern relevance logic Cf. Belnap (1977); Jayatilleke, K. N., (1967, The logic of four alternatives, in Philosophy East and West, University of Hawaii Press).
- ^ Kisor Kumar Chakrabarti (June 1976). "Some Comparisons Between Frege's Logic and Navya-Nyaya Logic". Philosophy and Phenomenological Research (International Phenomenological Society) 36 (4): 554–563. DOI:10.2307/2106873. JSTOR 2106873. "This paper consists of three parts. The first part deals with Frege's distinction between sense and reference of proper names and a similar distinction in Navya-Nyaya logic. In the second part we have compared Frege's definition of number to the Navya-Nyaya definition of number. In the third part we have shown how the study of the so-called 'restrictive conditions for universals' in Navya-Nyaya logic anticipated some of the developments of modern set theory."
- ^ Jonardon Ganeri (2001). Indian logic: a reader. Routledge. pp. vii, 5, 7. ISBN 0-7007-1306-9.
- ^ "Aristotle". Encyclopædia Britannica. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/346217/history-of-logic/65920/Aristotle.
- ^ Peter Thomas Geach (1980). "Logic Matters". University of California Press. p.316. ISBN 0-520-03847-9
- ^ Stolyar, Abram A. (1983). Introduction to Elementary Mathematical Logic. Dover Publications. p. 3. ISBN 0-486-64561-4.
- ^ Barnes, Jonathan (1995). The Cambridge Companion to Aristotle. Cambridge University Press. p. 27. ISBN 0-521-42294-9.
- ^ Aristotle (1989). Prior Analytics. Hackett Publishing Co.. p. 115. ISBN 978-0-87220-064-7.
- ^ Mendelson, Elliott (1964). "Formal Number Theory: Gödel's Incompleteness Theorem". Introduction to Mathematical Logic. Monterey, Calif.: Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole Advanced Books & Software. OCLC 13580200.
- ^ Brookshear, J. Glenn (1989). "Computability: Foundations of Recursive Function Theory". Theory of computation: formal languages, automata, and complexity. Redwood City, Calif.: Benjamin/Cummings Pub. Co.. ISBN 0-8053-0143-7.
- ^ Brookshear, J. Glenn (1989). "Complexity". Theory of computation: formal languages, automata, and complexity. Redwood City, Calif.: Benjamin/Cummings Pub. Co.. ISBN 0-8053-0143-7.
- ^ Hegel, G. W. F (1971) [1817]. Philosophy of Mind. Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences. trans. William Wallace. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 174. ISBN 0-19-875014-5.
- ^ Joseph E. Brenner (3 August 2008). Logic in Reality. Springer. pp. 28–30. ISBN 978-1-4020-8374-7. http://books.google.com/books?id=Jnj5E6C9UwsC&pg=PA28. Retrieved 9 April 2012.
- ^ Hájek, Petr (2006). "Fuzzy Logic". In Zalta, Edward N.. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/logic-fuzzy/.
- ^ Putnam, H. (1969). "Is Logic Empirical?". Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 5.
- ^ Birkhoff, G.; von Neumann, J. (1936). "The Logic of Quantum Mechanics". Annals of Mathematics (Annals of Mathematics) 37 (4): 823–843. DOI:10.2307/1968621. JSTOR 1968621.
- ^ Dummett, M. (1978). "Is Logic Empirical?". Truth and Other Enigmas. ISBN 0-674-91076-1.
- ^ Priest, Graham (2008). "Dialetheism". In Zalta, Edward N.. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/dialetheism.
- ^ Nietzsche, 1873, On Truth and Lies in a Nonmoral Sense.
- ^ Nietzsche, 1882, The Gay Science.
- ^ Nietzsche, 1878, Human, All Too Human
- ^ Babette Babich, Habermas, Nietzsche, and Critical Theory
- ^ http://www.marxists.org/archive/lukacs/works/destruction-reason/ch03.htm
- ^ Bertrand Russell, A History of Western Philosophy http://www.amazon.com/History-Western-Philosophy-Bertrand-Russell/dp/0671201581
References[link]
- Nuel Belnap, (1977). "A useful four-valued logic". In Dunn & Eppstein, Modern uses of multiple-valued logic. Reidel: Boston.
- Józef Maria Bocheński (1959). A précis of mathematical logic. Translated from the French and German editions by Otto Bird. D. Reidel, Dordrecht, South Holland.
- Józef Maria Bocheński, (1970). A history of formal logic. 2nd Edition. Translated and edited from the German edition by Ivo Thomas. Chelsea Publishing, New York.
- Brookshear, J. Glenn (1989). Theory of computation: formal languages, automata, and complexity. Redwood City, Calif.: Benjamin/Cummings Pub. Co.. ISBN 0-8053-0143-7.
- Cohen, R.S, and Wartofsky, M.W. (1974). Logical and Epistemological Studies in Contemporary Physics. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science. D. Reidel Publishing Company: Dordrecht, Netherlands. ISBN 90-277-0377-9.
- Finkelstein, D. (1969). "Matter, Space, and Logic". in R.S. Cohen and M.W. Wartofsky (eds. 1974).
- Gabbay, D.M., and Guenthner, F. (eds., 2001–2005). Handbook of Philosophical Logic. 13 vols., 2nd edition. Kluwer Publishers: Dordrecht.
- Hilbert, D., and Ackermann, W, (1928). Grundzüge der theoretischen Logik (Principles of Mathematical Logic). Springer-Verlag. OCLC 2085765
- Susan Haack, (1996). Deviant Logic, Fuzzy Logic: Beyond the Formalism, University of Chicago Press.
- Hodges, W., (2001). Logic. An introduction to Elementary Logic, Penguin Books.
- Hofweber, T., (2004), Logic and Ontology. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Edward N. Zalta (ed.).
- Hughes, R.I.G., (1993, ed.). A Philosophical Companion to First-Order Logic. Hackett Publishing.
- Kline, Morris (1972). Mathematical Thought From Ancient to Modern Times. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-506135-7.
- Kneale, William, and Kneale, Martha, (1962). The Development of Logic. Oxford University Press, London, UK.
- Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert. "Logikos". A Greek-English Lexicon. Perseus Project. http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2363716. Retrieved 8 May 2009.
- Mendelson, Elliott, (1964). Introduction to Mathematical Logic. Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole Advanced Books & Software: Monterey, Calif. OCLC 13580200
- Harper, Robert (2001). "Logic". Online Etymology Dictionary. http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=logic. Retrieved 8 May 2009.
- Smith, B., (1989). "Logic and the Sachverhalt". The Monist 72(1):52–69.
- Whitehead, Alfred North and Bertrand Russell, (1910). Principia Mathematica. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, England. OCLC 1041146
External links and further readings[link]
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- Introductions and tutorials
- An Introduction to Philosophical Logic, by Paul Newall, aimed at beginners.
- forall x: an introduction to formal logic, by P.D. Magnus, covers sentential and quantified logic.
- Logic Self-Taught: A Workbook (originally prepared for on-line logic instruction).
- Nicholas Rescher. (1964). Introduction to Logic, St. Martin's Press.
- Essays
- "Symbolic Logic" and "The Game of Logic", Lewis Carroll, 1896.
- Math & Logic: The history of formal mathematical, logical, linguistic and methodological ideas. In The Dictionary of the History of Ideas.
- Reference material
- Translation Tips, by Peter Suber, for translating from English into logical notation.
- Ontology and History of Logic. An Introduction with an annotated bibliography.
- Reading lists
- The London Philosophy Study Guide offers many suggestions on what to read, depending on the student's familiarity with the subject:
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| Maverick Sabre | |
|---|---|
| Birth name | Michael Stafford |
| Born | (1990-07-12) 12 July 1990 (age 21) Hackney, London, England |
| Genres | Soul, Post-dubstep, Reggae fusion, Hip hop |
| Occupations | Singer-songwriter |
| Instruments | Vocals |
| Years active | 2008–present |
| Labels | Mercury |
| Associated acts | Professor Green, Chase & Status, The Streets, Plan B, Terawrizt, Nu-centz, Johnny Boy, Chipmunk, Benny Banks, Logic, Akala |
| Website | mavericksabre.com |
Maverick Sabre (born Michael Stafford; 12 July 1990 in Hackney, London)[1] is an Irish-English singer-songwriter and rapper.[2] Associated with genres such as R&B and folk, Sabre is known for his eerie vocals and guitar playing. In January 2011, Sabre appeared on Professor Green's single "Jungle", which peaked at number 31 in the UK Singles Chart.[3] His debut EP, The Lost Words was released on 7 March 2011, with the single "Look What I've Done" preceding that release the week before.[4]
Contents |
Career[link]
Early history[link]
Maverick Sabre was born in Hackney, London.[2] At the age of four Sabre moved to Ireland, where he grew up in New Ross, County Wexford, but later - following the suggestion of UK singer/rapper Plan B - returned to London to pursue a musical career.[2][5][6]
2010: Breakthrough[link]
His career began in 2008 when he appeared on the album Sense The Terror by Irish rappers Terawrizt and Nu-Centz. Sabre appeared on two tracks: "Lucky" and "Used To Blame".[7] He also featured on rappers Johnnyboy and Intox's 'Propaganda EP' and released his own tracks such as "Lonely Side Of Life" and "Fade Away". Sabre furthered his career in 2009 when he featured on Jermicide & Danny Digg's album Middle Class, collaborating on three tracks: "Afraid", "Where We Go" and "Still With Me".[8] Maverick Sabre also performed on SB.TV with the song "They Found Him A Gun"[9] and featured in BBC 1Xtra 'Jail Tales' programme, performing "These Walls".[10] Sabre then returned to working with his earlier cohorts, featuring on Terawrizt's album Written in Stone and Terawrizt & Nu-Centz' album Sense The Terror 2, appearing on tracks such as "Life Fly By". On 25 November 2010, Sabre released his debut mixtape, The Travelling Man, in the United Kingdom. The release was a free digital download and featured the track "Sometimes" along with a promotional video to accompany the song. On 6 January 2011, "Sometimes" was released as a promotional single without rapper Wretch 32. Sabre guested on drum and bass duo Chase & Status's second studio album No More Idols, on "Fire In Your Eyes". He also features on "Sleepless", a song regularly performed live by Chase & Status, however no studio version has been released to date. Sabre featured on Professor Green’s fourth single "Jungle", released on 1 January 2010, which was featured on the album Alive Till I'm Dead.[11] The single debuted at number 34 on the UK Singles Chart, peaking at 31 the following week.[3] On 28 February 2011, Maverick released his debut single "Look What I Done", taken from the extended play The Lost Words, released on 7 March 2011.[4] On 19 April 2011, Sabre performed with a live band on BBC Two's Later… with Jools Holland.[12] After his performance of Oasis's "Wonderwall" on Chris Moyles' BBC Radio 1 Comic Relief show, Maverick's extended play The Lost Words reached number 2 in the iTunes Store Top Ten Songs chart. In 2011, he also appeared on The Script's Science & Faith Tour supporting the Irish band, and performed his song "Let Me Go", which entered the UK Singles Chart at number 16 in August 2011.
[edit] 2011-present: Lonely Are the Brave
On 25 July 2011, Maverick Sabre's first single "Let Me Go" was released and entered the UK chart at number 16. He released his debut album, Lonely Are The Brave, on 6 February 2012.[13] He then released singles "I Need", "What Have I Done To You" and "No One" Maverick Sabre also featured on a remix of his song 'I Need' with rappers Chipmunk and Benny Banks. He then featured on the track 'We'll Never Know' alongside rappers Akala and Logic. On Sunday 29th January 2012, he appeared on the Sunday Night Sessions segment of The Late Show with Joanne Good on BBC London 94.9[14].
Discography[link]
Main article: Maverick Sabre discography
- Lonely Are the Brave (2012)
References[link]
- ^ "Music - Maverick Sabre". BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/music/artists/b0311291-19f9-4288-96be-e8a5da0a104a. Retrieved 2012-01-01.
- ^ a b c Ones to watch: 2011 - Maverick Sabre clashmusic.com, Retrieved 2011-02-07.
- ^ a b UK Singles Chart - Week Ending: 22 January 2011 The Official Charts Company, Retrieved 2011-02-06.
- ^ a b Maverick Sabre performs at Maida Vale Studios mavericksabre.com, Retrieved 2011-02-03.
- ^ Wexford singer nominated for BRIT Award. RTÉ. Retrieved 9 December 2011.
- ^ Maverick Sabre interview by Pete Lewis, 'Blues & Soul' May 2011
- ^ [1]
- ^ Jermiside & Danny Diggs' 'Middle Class' Amazon.com, Retrieved 2011-01-31.
- ^ [2]
- ^ [3]
- ^ Professor Green featuring Maverick Sabre 'Jungle' Amazon.com, Retrieved 2011-01-16.
- ^ 22:00 (2011-04-19). "Two Programmes - Later Live... with Jools Holland, Series 38, Episode 3". BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b010p0cn. Retrieved 2012-01-01.
- ^ "Maverick Sabre: Lonely Are The Brave (2012): CD". hmv.com. http://hmv.com/hmvweb/displayProductDetails.do?sku=8881. Retrieved 2012-01-01.
- ^ - Maverick Sabre on Jo Good's Sunday Night Sessions
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Sabre, Maverick |
| Alternative names | Michael Stafford |
| Short description | Maverick |
| Date of birth | 12 July 1990 |
| Place of birth | Hackney, London, England |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
