The Amazon Standard Identification Number (ASIN) is a unique identification number assigned by Amazon.com and its partners for product identification within the Amazon.com organization.^[1] Amazon.ca,^[1] Amazon.co.uk,^[2] Amazon.de,^[3] Amazon.fr,^[4] Amazon.it,^[5] Amazon.co.jp^[6], Amazon.cn^[7], and Amazon.es^[8] also use ASINs.

ASINs are unique worldwide: one ASIN can only ever refer to one product. The same product may be referred to by several ASINs though, and different national sites may use a different ASIN for the same product. In general, ASINs are likely to be different between the country sites unless they are for a class of product where the ASIN is based on an externally-defined and internationally consistent identifier, such as ISBN for books.

Each product sold on Amazon.com is given a unique ASIN. For books with 10-digit International Standard Book Number (ISBN), the ASIN and the ISBN are the same. Books without a 10-digit ISBN (including those with only a 13-digit ISBN) and other products are also assigned ASINs. ASINs are also used for other items used by Amazon.com (and subsidiaries), such as businesses in the yellow pages (on A9.com) and OpenSearch feeds.

Proponents of the free culture movement, such as Wikipedia co-founder Jimmy Wales, have criticized the ASIN as an example of a proprietary product identifier, arguing that it draws producers—especially smaller ones—into a lock-in with Amazon, and have proposed the creation of an open alternative where producers could register product IDs for a marginal fee without proprietary control, and the resulting databases would be available under a free license.^[9]

ASIN in Amazon URLs[link]

On Amazon's USA-targeted web site, a product's web address (URL) may contain its ASIN in any of the following formats:

http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/ASIN-VALUE-HERE

http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/ASIN-VALUE-HERE

http://www.amazon.com/o/ASIN/ASIN-VALUE-HERE

http://www.amazon.com/dp/ASIN-VALUE-HERE

http://www.amazon.com/dp/product/ASIN-VALUE-HERE

http://www.amazon.com/<ProductName>/dp/ASIN-VALUE-HERE

where ASIN-VALUE-HERE is replaced by the actual ASIN.

For example, using the "dp" ("detail page") URL format, the 4th paperback edition of Strunk and White's The Elements of Style, whose ISBN is 0-205-30902-X, would be found at:

http://www.amazon.com/dp/020530902X

Similar URLs can be constructed for Amazon web sites in other countries:

Canada: http://www.amazon.ca/dp/020530902X

China: http://www.amazon.cn/dp/020530902X

France: http://www.amazon.fr/dp/020530902X

Germany: http://www.amazon.de/dp/020530902X

Italy: http://www.amazon.it/dp/020530902X

Japan: http://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/020530902X

Spain: http://www.amazon.es/dp/020530902X

United Kingdom: http://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/020530902X

However, not all sites carry all titles; for example, the ASIN B000J8VLEC only appears on Amazon.jp.

Also note that the Kindle edition of a book will not use its ISBN as the ASIN.

Shortening the URL[link]

In cases where a shorter URL is desired than the one provided by default by the Amazon web site—for example, for use in a text message—the prefix "www." may be removed, and, if present, any text after the ASIN itself may be dropped from the URL, as well as any text between the domain name (e.g., amazon.com) and the first part of the resource path in the cases listed above (e.g., /gp or /dp).

For example, if one uses Amazon's search feature to find the Strunk and White book mentioned above, the resulting URL might look like:

http://amazon.com/Elements-Style-Fourth-William-Strunk/dp/020530902X/ref=sr_1_7?ie=UTF8&qid=1307695052&sr=8-7

This can be shortened to:

http://amazon.com/dp/020530902X

In addition, the domain name itself may be shortened to amzn.com (USA site only), in which case everything except the domain and ASIN may be dropped. This results in the shortest possible form:

http://amzn.com/ASIN-VALUE-HERE

References[link]

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (May 2012)

Hughes de Courson is a French musician and arranger.^[1]

The Malicorne years[link]

Hughes de Courson is best known for being on all of the albums by Malicorne. He played electric guitar, bass, crumhorn, percussion, recorder, positive organ, piano, elka, synthesiser, glockenspiel and Hammond organ. He was producer on some of the albums. His most original track was probably "Vive La Lune" on Balançoire En Feu (1981), which is largely instrumental. It typifies the colourful, bizarre sounds that he later made as a soloist.He also wrote some songs with his school mate, famous writer Patrick Modiano.

Classical medieval techno[link]

Hughes' albums are all large-scale works. He is an arranger rather than a soloist^{[citation needed]}. On many he combines electronic effects with medieval or baroque instruments. Mozart in Egypt takes works by Mozart and emphasises the oriental elements in them. The 25th symphony is played with a much-enlarged orchestra. O'Stravaganza - Vivaldi in Ireland combines traditional Irish music with re-arranged Vivaldi works. "Lambarena, Bach to Africa" mixes African traditional music from Gabon to Johann Sebastian Bach music. Songs of Innocence combines songs by children of the world with clever classical arrangements. Unfortunately his recordings are rarely available in the English-speaking world.

discography[link]

• Charlemagne (1993)
• Lambarena - Bach to Africa (1995)
• 13 Croquis de Jeunes Filles As (1996)
• Mozart in Egypt (1997)
• Songs of Innocence (1999)
• O'Stravaganza - Vivaldi in Ireland (2001)
• Lux Obscura: Un Projet Electro-Medieval (2003)
• Mozart in Egypt 2 (2005)

He has also produced for almost 100 albums. [1]

In the media[link]

Hughes' song El Vuelo, appeared in 2009, in a series of TV ads for the Canadian airline, Air Canada, promoting new features of their new airplanes. He had help recording this piece from Plovdiv's Children's Choir, of Bulgaria.

Live music

Hughes de Courson wrote 22 music pieces for contemporary ballets, performed by Philippe Decoufle, Karine Saporta, The San Francisco Ballet, and many more. He also performed "Mozart in Egypt" and "O'Stravaganza" in various festivals, and in important events like the Jeddah Islamic Economic Forum in 2008. He is now living in Kuala Lumpur Malaysia, and studies Asian music. He performed an Asian version of Ravel's Bolero in Ho Chi Mihn City in 2010. He writes music for events, mainly in Qatar (Gulf Cup opening show, Asian cup opening show in 2011).

References[link]

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Yu Dafu
Born	(1896-12-07)December 7, 1896 Fuyang, Zhejiang, China
Died	September 17, 1945(1945-09-17) (aged 48)
Occupation	Short Story writer and Poet

Yu Dafu (simplified Chinese: 郁达夫; traditional Chinese: 郁達夫; pinyin: Yù Dáfū; Wade–Giles: Yu Ta-fu) (December 7, 1896—September 17, 1945). Born in Fuyang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, was a modern Chinese short story writer and poet.

Early years[link]

Yu Dafu's father died when he was three, leaving the family poverty-stricken and destitute. He received a number of scholarships through the Chinese government and went on to receive a traditional Chinese education in Hangzhou. Chronologically he studied in Jiangxing-Fu Middle School (before he came to Hangzhou), Hangzhou-Fu Middle School, Yuying Academy^[1] (育英学堂, formerly of Zhejiang University).

In 1912, he entered Hangchow University (later its major part merged into Zhejiang University) preparatory through examination. He was there only for a short period before he was expelled for participation in a student strike.^[2]

He then moved to Japan, where he studied economics at the Tokyo Imperial University between 1913 and 1922, where he met other Chinese intellectuals (namely, Guo Moruo, Zhang Ziping and Tian Han). Together, in 1921 they founded the Chuangzao she 創造社 ("Creation Society"), which promoted vernacular and modern literature. One of his earlier works Chenlun 沉淪, also his most famous, published in Japan in 1921. The work had gained immense popularity in China, shocking the world of Chinese literature with its frank dealing with sex, as well as grievances directed at the incompetence of Chinese government at the time.

In 1922, he returned to China as a literary celebrity and worked as the editor of Creation Quarterly, editing journals and writing short stories. In 1923, after an attack of tuberculosis, Yu Dafu directed his attention to the welfare of the masses.

In 1927, he worked as an editor of the Hongshui literary magazine. He later came in conflict with the Communist Party of China and fled back to Japan.

Second Sino-Japanese war[link]

After the start of the Second Sino-Japanese war, he returned to China and worked as a writer of anti-Japanese propaganda in Hangzhou, and later in Zhejiang. From 1938 to 1942, he worked as a literary editor for the newspaper Sin Chew Jit Poh in Singapore.

In 1942 when the Imperial Japanese Army invaded Singapore, he was forced to flee to Sumatra. Known under a different identity, he settled there among other overseas Chinese and began a brewery business with the help of the locals. Later he was forced to help the Japanese military police as an interpreter when it was discovered that he was one of the few "locals" in the area who could speak Japanese.

In 1945, he was arrested by the Kempeitai when his true identity was finally discovered. It is believed that he was executed by the Japanese shortly after the surrender of Japan.

Works[link]

• Chenlun 沉淪 "Sinking" (1921)
• Riji jiuzhong 日記九種 “Nine Diaries” (1927)
• Guoqu 過去 “The Past" (1927)
• his first novel?? (1928) (moderately successful)
• his second novel?? (1932)
• Chuben 出奔 "Flight" (1935)

His most popular work, breaking all Chinese sales records, was Jih-chi chiu-chung "Nine Diaries", which detailed his affair with the writer Wang Ying-hsin. The most critically acclaimed work is Kuo-ch'u or "The Past", written in 1927.^{[citation needed]}

References[link]

• Encyclopædia Britannica 2005 Ultimate Reference Suite DVD, article- "Yü Ta-fu"

External links[link]

• Works by Yu Dafu at Project Gutenberg

Adam Zagajewski in 2009

Adam Zagajewski (born 21 June 1945 in Lwów) is a Polish poet, novelist, translator and essayist. He was awarded the 2004 Neustadt International Prize for Literature.

Biography[link]

Adam Zagajewski was born in Lwów (since January 1, 1946 Lvov, Ukrainian SSR). The Zagajeski family was expelled from Lwów by the Ukrainians to central Poland the same year. In 1982 he emigrated to Paris, but in 2002 he returned to Poland, and resides in Kraków. His poem "Try To Praise The Mutilated World", printed in The New Yorker, became famous after the 11 September attacks. He is currently a faculty member at the University of Chicago and a member of its Committee on Social Thought. He teaches two classes, one of which is on fellow Polish poet Czesław Miłosz.

Bibliography[link]

Collections[link]

Poetry

• Komunikat. Kraków, 1972.
• Sklepy mięsne. Kraków, 1975.
• List. Oda do wielości. Paris, 1983.
• Jechać do Lwowa. London, 1985.
• Płótno. Paris, 1990.
• Ziemia ognista. Poznań, 1994.
• Trzej aniołowie. Kraków, 1998.
• Pragnienie. Kraków, 1999.
• Powrót. Kraków, 2003.
• Anteny. Kraków, 2005.
• Unseen Hand (Niewidzialna ręka). Kraków, 2009.
• Wiersze wybrane. Kraków, 2010.

Prose

• Ciepło, zimno. Warszawa, 1975.
• Słuch absolutny. Kraków, 1979.
• Cienka kreska. Kraków, 1983.

Essays

• Świat nieprzedstawiony. Kraków, 1974.
• Drugi oddech. Kraków, 1978.
• Solidarność i samotność. "Zeszyty literackie", 1986.
• Dwa miasta. Paryż-Kraków, 1991.
• Another Beauty (W cudzym pięknie). Poznań, 1998.
• Obrona żarliwości. Kraków, 2002.
• Poeta rozmawia z filozofem. Warszawa, 2007.

Books in English translation[link]

Poetry

• Tremor (1985)
• Canvas (1991)
• Mysticism for Beginners (1997)
• Without End: New and Selected Poems (2002)
• Eternal Enemies: Poems (2008)
• Unseen Hand: Poems (2011)

Essays

• Solidarity, Solitude (1990)
• Two Cities (1995)
• Another Beauty (2000)

Edited

• Polish Writers on Writing (Trinity University Press, 2007)

Awards[link]

He was awarded the Bronze Cross of Merit, and twice received the Officer's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta. In 1992, he received a Guggenheim Fellowship. He won the 2004 Neustadt International Prize for Literature, and is the second Polish writer to be awarded, after Czesław Miłosz.

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Adam Zagajewski

• Profile and poems by Adam Zagajewski at PoetryFoundation.org
• Poems by Adam Zagajewski at Samizdat
• Profile and poems by Adam Zagjewski at Poets.org
• Profile at Culture PL
• Profile at Poetry International
• Interview with Adam Zagagjewski in Barcelona Metropolis Magazine, Autumn, 2009
• Recorded at the Lensic Theater in Santa Fe, New Mexico on 1 May 2002. (Audio, 70 mins)

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