Romanian Armed Forces Forţele Armate Române
The coat of arms
Founded	1860
Current form	11 April 2000
Service branches	35px Land Forces Naval Forces Air Forces 35pxLogistic Forces
Headquarters	Bucharest
Leadership
Supreme Commander of the Army	Traian Băsescu
Minister of National Defense	Gabriel Oprea
Chief of the General Staff	Lieutenant General Ștefan Dănilă
Manpower
Military age	18 years of age
Conscription	No
Available for military service	5,061,984 males, age 15–49 (2005 est.[2]), 4,975,427 females, age 15–49 (2005 est.[2])
Fit for military service	3,932,579 males, age 15–49 (2005 est.[2]), 4,076,288 females, age 15–49 (2005 est.[2])
Reaching military age annually	172,093 males (2005 est.[2]), 165,547 females (2005 est.[2])
Active personnel	73,350 (ranked 52th)
Reserve personnel	79,900
Deployed personnel	2,187 (total)[1]  Afghanistan - 1,821
Expenditures
Budget	€1.78 billion.[3]
Percent of GDP	1.33%.[3]
Industry
Domestic suppliers	ROMARM Romtehnica Industria Aeronautică Română
Foreign suppliers	Current:  United States  United Kingdom  Germany  Spain  Italy  Israel  Austria  Switzerland  South Africa Former:  Soviet Union
Annual exports	€141,000,000 (2009)[4]
Related articles
History	Military history of Romania
Ranks	Romanian Armed Forces ranks and insignia

The Land Forces, Air Force and Naval Forces of Romania are collectively known as the Romanian Armed Forces (Romanian: Forţele Armate Române or Armata Română) . The current Commander-in-chief is Major General Ștefan Dănilă, managed by the Minister of National Defense, while the president is the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces during wartime.

90,000 men and women currently comprise the Armed Forces, 75,000 of them being military personnel and the other 15,000 civilians. The Land Forces have a reported strength of 45,800, the Air Force 13,250 and the Naval Forces 6,800, while the remaining 8,800 serve in other fields.^[5]

Budget[link]

Total defence spending currently accounts for 1.33% of total national GDP, which represents approximately 1.78 billion euros (ranked 54th).^[6]

Equipment[link]

The Land Forces have overhauled their equipment in recent years, and are today a modern army with multiple NATO capabilities. They are participating in a peacekeeping mission in Afghanistan, together with the other NATO countries. The Air Force currently operates modernized Soviet MiG-21 LanceR fighters, which are due to be replaced by new fighters by 2013, according to present plans, however due to poor funds and economy the plan may easily change. The Air Force has also ordered 7 new C-27J Spartan tactical airlift aircraft, in order to replace the bulk of the old transport force.^[7] Two modernized ex-Royal Navy Type 22 frigates were acquired by the Naval Forces in 2004 and a further four modern missile corvettes will be commissioned in the next few years. Three domestically-produced IAR 330 Puma NAVAL helicopters were also ordered by the Naval Forces, and were commissioned in late 2008.

Manpower[link]

Romanian soldiers on patrol in Afghanistan

Romania joined NATO in 2004. As a consequence, extensive preparations were made to abolish conscription by 2007 and create a professional army in place of a conscripted one.

The new armed forces include 90,000 men and women, of whom about 75,000 are military personnel (the remaining 15,000 or so are civilians). 60,000 of the 90,000 are active forces; 30,000 comprise the territorial forces.^[8] Out of the 75,000 troops which comprise the actual military, about 45,800 make up the Romanian Land Forces, 13,250 serve as the Romanian Air Force and 6,800 are in the Romanian Naval Forces; the remaining 8,800 serve in other fields.^[9]

Modernization[link]

The Romanian Military will essentially undergo a three-stage restructuring. As of 2007, the first short-term stage has been completed. 2015 marks the end of the second stage when the armed forces will reach a superior compatibility with NATO forces.^[10] In 2025, the long-term stage is to be completed. The stages aim at modernizing the structure of the armed forces, reducing the personnel as well as acquiring newer and more improved technology that is compatible with NATO standards.^[10]

Current deployments[link]

Romanian soldiers in Southern Afghanistan during a joint operation with American forces

Romanian troops participated in the occupation of Iraq, reaching a peak of 730 soldiers before being slowly drawn down to 350 soldiers. Romania terminated its mission in Iraq and withdrew its last troops on July 24, 2009.

Romania currently has troops deployed in Afghanistan, and is planning to nearly double its troop strength there to 1,800 by September 2010, according to an announcement made by President Traian Basescu in Prague on April 8, 2010.^[11]

Other militarized institutions[link]

Soldiers of the 30th Honor Guard Regiment "Mihai Viteazul" during the 2007 Bastille Day Military Parade in Paris

The following Romanian institutions have military status but are not part of the Armed Forces:

• Romanian Gendarmerie (Jandarmeria Română), subordinated to the Ministry of Administration and Interior;
• Inspectoratul General al Corpului Pompierilor Militari (Military Firefighters) and Comandamentul Protecţiei Civile (Civil Defense), merged into the Romanian Inspectorate for Emergency Situations within the Ministry of the Interior;
• Serviciul Român de Informaţii (Romanian Intelligence Service);
• Serviciul de Protecţie şi Pază (Protection and Guard Service, provides protection to Romanian and foreign officials);
• Serviciul de Telecomunicaţii Speciale (Special Telecommunications Service);
• Serviciul de Informaţii Externe (Foreign Intelligence Service).

Military Ranks[link]

See also: Romanian Armed Forces ranks and insignia for the full insignia

Romanian Land Forces[link]

Other ranks

• Soldat - Private (OR-2)
• Fruntas - Private First Class (OR-3)
• Caporal - Corporal (OR-4)
• Sergent - Sergeant (OR-5)
• Sergent-major - Staff Sergeant (OR-6)
• Plutonier - Sergeant First Class (OR-7)
• Plutonier-major - Master Sergeant (OR-8)
• Plutonier adjutant - Sergeant Major (OR-9)
• Plutonier adjutant principal - Command Sergeant Major (OR-9)
• Maistru militar clase 5 - Sergeant (or-5)
• Maistru militar clase 4 - Staff Sergeant OR-6)
• Maistru militar clase 3 - Sergeant First Class (OR-7)
• Maistru militar clase 2 - Master Sergeant (OR-8)
• Maistru militar clase 1 - Sergeant Major (OR-9)
• Maistru militar principal - Command Sergeant Major (OR-9)

Officers

• Sublocotenent - 2nd Lieutenant (OF-1)
• Locotenent- 1st Lieutenant (OF-1)
• Căpitan - Captain (OF-2)
• Maior - Major (OF-3)
• Locotenent-colonel - Lieutenant colonel (OF-4)
• Colonel - Colonel (OF-5)
• General de brigadă - Brigadier General (OF-6)
• General-maior (General de divizie) - Major General (Divisional General) (OF-7)
• General-locotenent (General de corp de armata) - Lieutenant General (Corps General) (OF-8)
• General - General (OF-9)

Romanian Air Forces[link]

Other ranks

• Soldat - Airman Basic
• Fruntas - Airman
• Caporal - Airman First Class
• Sergent - Senior Airman
• Sergent-major - Corporal
• Plutonier - Corporal 1st Class
• Plutonier-major - Sergeant
• Plutonier adjutant - Staff Sergeant, Flight Sergeant
• Plutonier adjutant principal - Technical Sergeant
• Maistru militar clase 5 - Chief Technical Sergeant
• Maistru militar clase 4 - Master Sergeant
• Maistru militar clase 3 - Senior Master Sergeant
• Maistru militar clase 2 - Chief Master Sergeant
• Maistru militar clase 1 - Command Chief Master Sergeant
• Maistru militar principal - Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force

Officers
Note that those in parenthesis are ranks formerly used (stated in italic) or former rank names or literal rank meanings.

• Sublocotenent - Sublieutenant
• Locotenent- Lieutenant
• (Locotenent-major) - First lieutenant
• Căpitan - Captain
• Locotenent-comandor - Major (Lieutenant-commodore)
• Căpitan-comandor - Lieutenant colonel (Captain-commodore)
• Comandor - Colonel - (Commodore)
• General de flotilă aeriană - Brigadier General (Air Flotilla General)
• General-maior (General de divizie aeriană) - Major General (Air Divisional General)
• General-locotenent (General comandor) - Lieutenant General (Commodore General)
• (General colonel) - Colonel General
• General - General
• (General de armata) - General of the Air Force
• (General-inspector) - Inspector General of the Air Force
• Mareșal - Marshal of the Air Force

Romanian Naval Forces[link]

Naval Ratings

• Soldat - Seaman Recruit
• Fruntas - Seaman Apprentice
• Caporal - Able Seaman
• Sergent - Leading Seaman
• Sergent-major - Master Seaman
• Plutonier - Petty Officer 3rd Class
• Plutonier-major - Petty Officer 2nd Class
• Plutonier adjutant - Petty Officer 1st Class
• Plutonier adjutant principal - Chief Petty Officer, 2nd class
• Maistru militar clase 5 - Chief Petty Officer, 1st class
• Maistru militar clase 4 - Senior Chief Petty Officer
• Maistru militar clase 3 - Command Senior Chief Petty Officer
• Maistru militar clase 2 - Master Chief Petty Officer
• Maistru militar clase 1 - Command Master Chief Petty Officer, Fleet/Force Master Chief Petty Officer
• Maistru militar principal - Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy

Officers
Note that those in parenthesis are ranks formerly used (as stated) or former rank names or literal rank meanings.

• Aspirant - Ensign (Aspirant)
• Locotenent- Lieutenant (junior grade) (Lieutenant)
• (Locotenent-major) - Second lieutenant
• Căpitan - Lieutenant (Captain)
• (Căpitan-locotenent) - Captain lieutenant
• Locotenent-comandor (Căpitan de rangul III) - Lieutenant Commander (Lieutenant-commodore)
• Căpitan-comandor (Căpitan de rangul II) - Commander (Captain-commodore)
• Comandor (Căpitan de rangul I) - Captain - (Commodore)
• Contraamiral de flotilă - Commodore (Flotilla Counter Admiral)
• Contraamiral - Rear Admiral (Counter Admiral)
• Viceamiral - Vice Admiral
• Amiral - Admiral
• Mareșal - Fleet Admiral (Marshal of the Navy)

See also[link]

• List of the Chiefs of the General Staff of Romania
• List of countries by number of active troops
• Foreign relations of Romania
• Weapons and equipment of the Romanian Armed Forces

Notes[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Military of Romania

• (English) Official site of the Romanian Ministry of Defense (MoD)
• (English) Official site of the Romanian General Staff
• (English) Official site of the Romanian Land Forces
• (English) Official site of the Romanian Air Force
• (English) Official site of the Romanian Naval Forces
• New U.S. Base in Romania To Be Larger Than Previously Estimated, ThePeacockReport.com, Oct. 11, 2006.

Links to related articles v t e Supreme Council of National Defense President Traian Băsescu (P) Vice President Victor Ponta (PM) Members Corneliu Dobriţoiu (MApN) · Ioan Rus (MAI) · Andrei Marga (MAE) · Titus Corlăţean (MJ) · Daniel Chiţoiu (MECMA) · Florin Georgescu (MFP) · George-Cristian Maior (SRI) · Teodor Meleşcanu (SIE) · Gral. Lt. Ştefan Dănilă (SMG) · Iulian Fota (PC) · Ion Oprişor (Secretary) v t e Military of Romania Armed Forces Chief of the General Staff  · Land Forces  · Air Force  · Naval Forces  Ministry of Interior Gendarmerie  · General Inspectorate for Emergency Situations  Intelligence agencies Romanian Intelligence Service  · Foreign Intelligence Service  · Protection and Guard Service  · Special Telecommunication Service  v t e Romania topics Basic topics Alphabetical index of topics History Timeline Prehistoric Romania Dacia Roman Dacia Middle Ages Early Modern Era National awakening United Principalities Kingdom of Romania World War I Greater Romania World War II Communist Romania 1989 Romanian Revolution Since 1989 Geography Topography Mountains Islands Rivers Lakes Climate Protected areas Flora Fauna Economy Romanian leu National Bank Bucharest Stock Exchange Sibiu Stock Exchange Science and technology Education Agriculture Industry Services Mining Energy Communications Tourism Transport Healthcare Companies Government Constitution Parliament (Senate Chamber of Deputies) President Prime Minister Elections Political parties Foreign relations Government Agencies Law enforcement History Land Forces Air Force Naval Forces Military Police Administrative divisions Counties Cities Human rights Culture Orthodox Christianity Holy Synod Judaism Islam Postal codes Languages Religion Minorities Immigration Romanians List of Romanians Academy Architecture Art Cinema (Actors) Music (Composers) Cuisine Romanian language Literature Writers Poets List of Romanians Philosophy Folklore (Dress) Humour Media Sport Public holidays Society Crime WikiProject Portal Commons v t e North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) History North Atlantic Treaty Summit Operations Enlargement Flag of NATO Structure North Atlantic Council (NAC) Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) Allied Command Transformation (ACT) People Secretary General Chairman of the NATO Military Committee (CMC) Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR) Supreme Allied Commander Transformation (SACT) Members Albania Belgium Bulgaria Canada Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Turkey United Kingdom United States v t e Militaries of the member states of the European Union Austria · Belgium · Bulgaria · Cyprus · Czech Republic · Denmark · Estonia · Finland · France · Germany · Greece · Hungary · Ireland · Italy · Latvia · Lithuania · Luxembourg · Malta · Netherlands · Poland · Portugal · Romania · Slovakia · Slovenia · Spain · Sweden · United Kingdom v t e Military of Europe Sovereign states Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Vatican City States with limited recognition Abkhazia Kosovo Nagorno-Karabakh Northern Cyprus South Ossetia Transnistria Other entities European Union Sovereign Military Order of Malta

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2011)

The armed forces of a country are its government-sponsored defense, fighting forces, and organizations. They exist to further the foreign and domestic policies of their governing body, and to defend that body and the nation it represents from external and internal aggressors. In some countries paramilitary forces are included in a nation's armed forces. Armed force is the use of armed forces to achieve political objectives.

The study of the use of armed forces is called military science. Broadly speaking, this involves considering offense and defense at three "levels": strategy, operational art, and tactics. All three levels study the application of the use of force in order to achieve a desired objective.

Organization[link]

In most countries the basis of the armed forces is the military, divided into basic Armed services. However, armed forces can include other paramilitary structures. For example, according to the Lithuanian law on organisation of system of national defence and military service (version actual from November 11, 2004), the Lithuanian armed forces in case of war also include border guards, public police service, parts of Lithuanian Riflemen's Union and guerrillas.^[1][2]

Benefits and costs[link]

Map of the military expenditures as a percentage of GDP by country, CIA figures.

Military spending in 2007, in USD, according to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute.

The obvious benefit to a country in maintaining armed forces is in providing protection from foreign threats and from internal conflict. In recent decades armed forces personnel have also been used as emergency civil support roles in post-disaster situations. On the other hand, they may also harm a society by engaging in counter-productive (or merely unsuccessful) warfare. Expenditure on science and technology to develop weapons and systems sometimes produces side benefits, although some claim that greater benefits could come from targeting the money directly.^[who?]

References[link]

1. ^ Lietuvos Respublikos Krašto apsaugos sistemos organizavimo ir karo tarnybos įstatymas, 1998 m. gegužės 5 d. Nr. VIII-723, redakcija, aktuali nuo 2004-11-11 iki 2005-02-14, 3 straipsnis, 1 dalis, 2 punktas [1]
2. ^ Lietuvos Respublikos Krašto apsaugos sistemos organizavimo ir karo tarnybos įstatymo 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 20, 21, 28, 34, 36, 38, 39, 42, 44, 45, 49, 52, 53, 54, 55, 62, 67, 73 straipsnių pakeitimo ir papildymo įstatymas, 2004 m. lapkričio 11 d. Nr. IX-2560, 2 straipsnis, 1 dalis [2]

See also[link]

War portal

• Mercenary
• Militaria
• Military
• Military fiat
• Military history
• Military incompetence
• Military intelligence
• Military dictatorship
• Military junta
• Military rule (disambiguation)
• Military Aid to the Civil Power
• Military Aid to the Civil Community
• List of battles
• Staff (military)
• Civil-military relations

Armed forces of the world

• List of militaries by country
• List of militaries that recruit foreigners
• List of countries by military expenditures
• List of countries by number of active troops
• List of countries by size of armed forces
• List of countries without an army
• List of air forces
• List of armies
• List of navies