Pinot gris
Grape (Vitis)
A bunch of Pinot gris grapes
Color of berry skin	Rose
Species	Vitis vinifera
Also called	(see list of synonyms)
Origin	Burgundy, France
Notable regions	(see major regions)

Pinot gris (also known as pinot grigio) is a white wine grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera. Thought to be a mutant clone of the Pinot noir grape, it normally has a grayish-blue fruit, accounting for its name (gris meaning "grey" in French) but the grape can have a brownish pink to black and even white appearance. The word pinot, which comes from the word meaning "pine cone" in French,^[1] could have been given to it because the grapes grow in small pine cone-shaped clusters. The wines produced from this grape also vary in colour from a deep golden yellow to copper and even a light shade of pink,^[2] and it is one of the more popular grapes for orange wine. The clone of Pinot gris grown in Italy is known as Pinot grigio. Many pioneers are included in the discovery of this rare blend such as the Taub Family or the owners of Santa Margarita, today the number 1 imported pinot gris is Cavit.

History[link]

Pinot gris has been known from the Middle Ages in the Burgundy region, where it was probably called Fromenteau. It spread from Burgundy, along with Pinot noir, arriving in Switzerland by 1300. The grape was reportedly a favorite of the Emperor Charles IV, who had cuttings imported to Hungary by Cistercian monks: the brothers planted the vines on the slopes of Badacsony bordering Lake Balaton in 1375. The vine soon after developed the name Szürkebarát meaning "grey monk." In 1711, a German merchant, named Johann Seger Ruland (re)discovered a grape growing wild in the fields of the Palatinate. The subsequent wine he produced became known as Ruländer and the vine was later discovered to be Pinot gris.^[2]

Until the 18th and 19th century, the grape was a popular planting in Burgundy and Champagne but poor yields and unreliable crops caused the grape to fall out of favour in those areas. The same fate nearly occurred in Germany, but vine breeders in the early 20th century were able to develop clonal varieties that would produce a more consistent and reliable crop.^[2]

Researchers at the University of California, Davis, have determined that Pinot gris has a remarkably similar DNA profile to Pinot noir and that the colour difference is derived from a genetic mutation that occurred centuries ago. The leaves and the vines of both grapes are so similar that the coloration is the only aspect that differentiates the two.^[3]

Around 2005, Pinot gris was enjoying increasing popularity in the marketplace, especially in its Pinot Grigio incarnation and similar New World varietal wines.^[4]

Regions[link]

Pinot noir grapes have a much darker hue than the bluish-gray coloring of Pinot gris

• Argentina - San Juan
• Australia - Yarra Valley, Adelaide Hills, Orange, New South Wales
• Austria
• Canada - British Columbia, Ontario
• Chile - Casablanca, Chile
• France - Burgundy, Loire, Alsace
• Germany - Baden, Palatinate
• Hungary - Badacsony, Mátraalja
• Italy
• Moldova
• New Zealand
• Romania - Constanţa County, Jidvei
• South Africa
• Slovenia - Primorska, Podravje
• Switzerland - Valais
• Ukraine - Crimea
• United States - Oregon, California, Michigan

Alsace[link]

A Pinot Gris Vendange Tardive from Alsace, i.e., a sweet late harvest wine.

A major grape in Alsace, grown on 13.9% of the region's vineyard surface in 2006,^[5] the varietal Pinot-gris d'Alsace (fr) is markedly different from Pinot gris found elsewhere. The cool climate of Alsace and warm volcanic soils are particularly well suited for Pinot gris, with its dry autumns allowing plenty of time for the grapes to hang on the vines, often resulting in wines of very powerful flavours.^[6]

Pinot gris is one of the so-called noble grapes of Alsace, along with Riesling, Gewürztraminer, and Muscat, which may be used for varietal Alsace Grand Cru AOC and the late harvest wines Vendange Tardive and Sélection de Grains Nobles.^[7]

Previously, the Pinot gris wines produced in Alsace were originally labeled Tokay d'Alsace. In the Middle Ages, the grape was popularized in the region by Hungarian traders who were introduced to the grape from Burgundy. During this time, Tokaji was one of the most popular and sought after wines on the market and the name was probably used to gain more prestige for the Alsatian wine. Pinot gris was believed to have been brought back to Alsace by General Lazarus von Schwendi (fr) after his campaign against the Turks in the 16th century. It was planted in Kientzheim under the name "Tokay".^[8] However, the Pinot gris grape has no known genetic relations to the Furmint, Hárslevelű, Yellow Muscat and Orémus grapes that are traditionally used in Tokaji wine.^[9] In 1980, the European Economic Community passed regulations related to Protected designations of origin (PDOs), and when Hungary started negotiations for European Union membership, it became clear that the Tokay name would have to become a PDO for the Tokaj-Hegyalja region.^[10] Therefore, in 1993, an agreement was reached between the Hungary and the European Union to phase out the name Tokay from non-Hungarian wine. In the case of Alsace, Tokay Pinot Gris was adopted as an intermediate step, with the "Tokay" part to be eliminated in 2007.^[8][11][12] Many producers had implemented the change to plain Pinot Gris on their labels by the early 2000s, several years before the deadline.

Australia[link]

Pinot gris was first introduced into Australia in 1832 in the collection of grapes brought by James Busby.^[13] In Victoria, wines from the grape are labeled both Pinot gris and Pinot grigio, depending on the sweetness of wine with the drier wines being labeled Pinot grigio.^[14]

Italy[link]

Pinot Grigio is a popular planting in northeastern Italy in regions such as Friuli-Venezia Giulia.

In Italy, where the grape is known as Pinot grigio, plantings can be found in the Lombardy region around Oltrepo Pavese^[15] and in Alto Adige, Italy's northern most wine region.^[16] The grape is also prominent in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region.^[17]

New Zealand[link]

Pinot gris is grown in both the North (Hawkes Bay, Gisborne) and South Islands (Central Otago, Nelson, Marlborough, Waipara), with 1,501 Ha producing as of 2009. This is over a 100% increase since 2006.^[18] In 2007 Pinot Gris overtook Riesling as the third most planted white variety after Sauvignon blanc and Chardonnay. Half of all plantings are in Canterbury and Marlborough, with the wine developing a "rich, flinty, fruit-laden character".^[19]

Ukraine[link]

In Ukraine the grape is known as Піно ґрі [piˈnɔ ˈɡri] or Піно сірий [piˈnɔ ˈsirɪj]. It is grown in Gurzuf and Ay-Danyl in Crimea on the northern coast of the Black Sea since 1888.^[20]

Oregon and California[link]

A glass of Californian Pinot grigio.

David Lett, from Eyrie Vineyards, planted the first American Pinot gris vines in Oregon in 1966. Hoping to increase sales, Lett started to graft Riesling vines to Pinot gris in 1981.^[21] The grape originally had difficulties finding a sustainable market until Lett began marketing the wine to salmon traders as a good match to the fish. The wine's popularity still only increased slightly until the mid-1990s when well capitalized larger producers entered the picture with enough volume to warrant expensive marketing campaigns.^[3] In 1991, King Estate Winery was founded with a mission to produce enough high quality Oregon Pinot gris to develop a sustainable national market for the wine, they are credited with bringing the Pinot gris grape varietal into national consciousness in the U.S.^[22] Today they are the world's leading producer of premium Pinot gris and farm the world's largest contiguous organic vineyard which contains over 300 acres (1.2 km²) of Pinot gris grapes.^[23]

There are about 1,620 acres (660 ha) planted in the Central and South coastal areas of California.^[24] The Pinot gris from California is often called Pinot grigio because of its similarity in style to the wine of Italy.^[25]

Viticulture[link]

The grape grows best in cool climates, and matures relatively early with high sugar levels. This can lead to either a sweeter wine, or, if fermented to dryness, a wine high in alcohol. Clusters of Pinot gris may have a variety of colors in the vine. These clusters can range from bluish grey to light pinkish brown.^[24] The grapes grow in small clusters (hence the pinecone shape), and upon ripening, often display a pinkish-gray hue, although the colors can vary from blue-gray to pinkish-brown. Pinot gris is often blended with Pinot noir to enrich and lighten the Pinot noir's flavor.^[26]

Wine characteristics[link]

Color variations among different styles of Pinot gris. (L-R) Italian Pinot Grigio with a straw yellow color, Alsatian Pinot gris with a lemon color, Oregon Pinot gris with a copper-pink color

Wines made from the Pinot gris vary greatly and are dependent on the region and wine making style they are from. Alsatian Pinot gris are medium to full bodied wines with a rich, somewhat floral bouquet. They tend to be spicy in comparisons with other Pinot gris. While most Pinot gris are meant to be consumed early, Alsatian Pinot gris can age well.^[27] German Pinot gris are more full-bodied with a balance of acidity and slight sweetness. In Oregon the wines are medium bodied with a yellow to copper-pink color and aromas of pear, apple, and/or melon. In California, the Pinot gris are more light bodied with a crisp, refreshing taste with some pepper and arugula notes. The Pinot grigio style of Italy is a light-bodied, often lean wine that is light in color with sometimes spritzy flavors that can be crisp and acidic.^[28]

Pinot gris is considered an "early to market wine" that can be bottled and out on the market within 4–12 weeks after fermentation.^[29]

Synonyms[link]

Pinot gris is called by many names in different parts of the world:

Synonym of Pinot gris	Country / Region
Auxerrois gris	Alsace
Fauvet	France
Fromentau	Languedoc
Fromentot	France
Grauburgunder / Grauer Burgunder	Austria Germany (dry)
Grauer Mönch	Germany
Grauklevner	Germany
Gris cordelier	France
Malvoisie	Loire Valley Switzerland
Monemvasia	Greece
Pinot grigio	Italy
Pinot beurot	Loire Valley, Burgundy
Ruländer	Austria Germany Romania (sweet)
Rulandské šedé	Czech Republic Slovakia
Sivi pinot	Croatia Slovenia
Szürkebarát	Hungary
Tokay d'Alsace	Alsace (renamed to Pinot gris due to EU regulations)
Піно ґрі, Піно сірий	Ukraine
灰皮诺	China

See also[link]

• International variety
• King Estate Winery

References[link]

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Anthony J. Terlato is an American wine expert. He is considered one of the icons of the American wine industry and has been called “one of most accomplished wine personalities on the planet.”.^[1] Terlato gained fame in the 1980s as the American importer who brought the Italian Pinot Grigio varietal to the United States and made it the most popular imported wine in U.S. history.

Biography[link]

Early life and career[link]

Terlato was born on May 11, 1934 in Brooklyn and grew up in the Bensonhurst neighborhood of New York City. In 1955, at the age of 21, he moved with his parents to Chicago and began working in his father's retail wine shop,^[2] Leading Liquors, one of Chicago’s first self-service retail stores. The shop carried and sold fine wines, including Burgundy and Bordeaux. In 1957 Terlato joined his father-in-law's Chicago based bottling and distribution firm, Pacific Wine Company, and over the course of six years, transformed the bottling company into a distributor of fine wines, including those of Alexis Lichine and Frank Schoonmaker — long considered pioneer importers of the time. In 1963, Terlato was named president of the Pacific Wine Company. In the late 1960s, while Pacific continued to grow, Terlato chose Paterno Imports — their family-owned and -operated wine importing company — to build his fine wine import business. At the time, Chianti in a flask was the Italian wine most recognized by the American wine consumer. Over the course of the next 15 years, Terlato assembled a world-class wine collection from Italy’s finest producers. By the mid-1980s, Paterno was a major U.S. importer of premiere Italian wines.

Importing Pinot Grigio[link]

Terlato had his first taste of Pinot Grigio during a visit to Italy in 1979. At a restaurant in the province of South Tyrol one night, he ordered all 18 bottles of Pinot Grigio on the wine list and tasted each one to assess quality. For him, one wine stood out among the rest. It was Santa Margherita Pinot Grigio. The next day he paid a visit to the family who owned the Santa Margherita winery, and shortly thereafter they signed an agreement to import the wine. Neither the producer nor the grape were known in the United States at the time; soon Santa Margherita became the most popular imported wine in restaurants and the top-selling wine over $15 in grocery stores in the United States^[3]

For his role in introducing Italian wines to America, Terlato was conferred the decoration of Cavaliere Ufficiale, Motu Proprio in 1984, the first American in the wine industry to receive this decoration. Terlato was exposed to and /or befriended many of the wine and food industry’s notable participants and innovators, including winemakers Baron Phillippe de Rothschild and his daughter Baroness Phillippine de Rothschild, Christian Moueix, Jean Michel Cazes, Angelo Gaja, Michel Chapoutier, Michael Twelftree and Robert Mondavi and chef/Restaurateurs Julia Child, Jean Joho, Charlie Trotter and Lidia Bastianich.^[4]

Today, with his sons Bill and John, Terlato owns and operates Terlato Wines International and produces wine at the family-owned wineries in California, including Chimney Rock, Rutherford Hill, Terlato Family Vineyards, Alderbrook and Sanford.

Honors and awards[link]

• Cavaliere Ufficiale, Motu Proprio, Government of Italy, 1984
• Wine Enthusiast’s Man of the Year Award, 2002
• Wine Spectator’s Distinguished Service Award, 2004^[5]
• Horatio Alger Award, 2006
• American Chamber of Commerce in Italy Wine Excellence Award, 2010

Books[link]

Terlato's memoir, TASTE: A Life in Wine was published in 2008 by Agate Publishing. ISBN 978-1-57284-097-3

Quotes on book jacket:

“Through his entire career, Anthony Terlato has gone against the current, following a path that was much more difficult than other winemakers’, in the effort to turn his dreams into realities that millions of wine drinkers now enjoy.” Michel Chapoutier

“It’s almost impossible to overestimate Anthony Terlato’s importance to the American wine scene. While most Americans don’t know his name they are opening millions of his bottles.” Marvin Shanken, Wine Spectator

See also[link]

List of wine personalities

References[link]

External links[link]

• www.terlatowinegroup.com
• www.rutherfordhill.com
• www.terlatovineyards.com
• www.terlatowines.com ]
• www.terlatochapoutier.com
• San Francisco Chronicle June 30, 2005 "TONY'S WORLD"
• Wine and Spirits Magazine April 2009 "20th Annual Restaurant Poll"