The Wayback Machine - http://web.archive.org./web/20121107111131/http://wn.com/NPR
Wednesday, 07 November 2012
Edward Sharpe And The Magnetic Zeroes NPR Music Tiny Desk Concert
7 Billion: How Did We Get So Big So Fast?
The Avett Brothers Tiny Desk Concert for NPR Music
Eric Cartman Interview On NPR
Tallest Man on Earth NPR Music Tiny Desk Concert
Metric: NPR Music Field Recording
NPR's Scott Simon: How to Tell a Story
Wilco: NPR Music Tiny Desk Concert
Adele: NPR Music Tiny Desk Concert
Pokey LaFarge: NPR Music Tiny Desk Concert
Beirut: NPR Music Tiny Desk Concert
Raphael Saadiq NPR Music Tiny Desk Concert

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Edward Sharpe And The Magnetic Zeroes NPR Music Tiny Desk Concert
  • Order:
  • Duration: 14:45
  • Updated: 11 Oct 2012
Edward Sharpe & The Magnetic Zeros can't exactly slip into an office building unnoticed: Clad in the same clothes they'd worn at a concert the night before, the LA band's 10 ragtag misfits would have fit in far more seamlessly at, say, Burning Man. Seeming to exist in a blissed-out alternate universe — during the wonderful "Home," singer Jade Castrinos exclaims, "Good morning, everybody!" as the clock behind her reads 2:10 pm — this is a band whose performances beg to be seen as well as heard, not to mention shot through a wide-angle lens. The biggest band to play a Tiny Desk Concert - the 10 members of The Magnetic Zeroes played three songs from their debut album (Up From Below). The set included: - Janglin - Home - 40 Day Daydream
published: 02 Nov 2009
author: nprmusic
http://web.archive.org./web/20121107111131/http://wn.com/Edward Sharpe And The Magnetic Zeroes NPR Music Tiny Desk Concert
7 Billion: How Did We Get So Big So Fast?
  • Order:
  • Duration: 2:34
  • Updated: 11 Oct 2012
It was just over two centuries ago that the global population was 1 billion — in 1804. But better medicine and improved agriculture resulted in higher life expectancy for children, dramatically increasing the world population, especially in the West. As higher standards of living and better health care are reaching more parts of the world, the rates of fertility — and population growth — have started to slow down, though the population will continue to grow for the foreseeable future. UN forecasts suggest the world population could hit a peak of 10.1 billion by 2100 before beginning to decline. But exact numbers are hard to come by — just small variations in fertility rates could mean a population of 15 billion by the end of the century. Produced by Adam Cole Cinematography by Maggie Starbard
published: 31 Oct 2011
author: npr
http://web.archive.org./web/20121107111131/http://wn.com/7 Billion: How Did We Get So Big So Fast?
The Avett Brothers Tiny Desk Concert for NPR Music
  • Order:
  • Duration: 15:56
  • Updated: 11 Oct 2012
With all due respect to its terrific albums and kinetic, frenetic live shows, if The Avett Brothers could put on a three-song acoustic concert at every workplace in America, the band would be a world-beating colossus. For proof, listen to this performance in the NPR Music offices. Find more at www.npr.org
published: 25 Jun 2009
author: nprmusic
http://web.archive.org./web/20121107111131/http://wn.com/The Avett Brothers Tiny Desk Concert for NPR Music
Eric Cartman Interview On NPR
  • Order:
  • Duration: 3:46
  • Updated: 11 Oct 2012
Eric Cartman is interviewed by Julie Rovner on NPR and answers the Proust Questionnaire. You can listen to the original interview right here: www.npr.org
published: 05 Apr 2008
http://web.archive.org./web/20121107111131/http://wn.com/Eric Cartman Interview On NPR
Tallest Man on Earth NPR Music Tiny Desk Concert
  • Order:
  • Duration: 11:58
  • Updated: 12 Oct 2012
Swedish native, Kristian Matsson, aka The Tallest Man on Earth, plays a few tracks from his debut album "Shallow Grave."
published: 14 Sep 2009
author: nprmusic
http://web.archive.org./web/20121107111131/http://wn.com/Tallest Man on Earth NPR Music Tiny Desk Concert
Metric: NPR Music Field Recording
  • Order:
  • Duration: 4:33
  • Updated: 11 Oct 2012
See more Field Recordings at: www.npr.org In a matter of minutes, Metric singer Emily Haines and guitarist James Shaw went from rocking in front of thousands of fans on the main stage of the Sasquatch Music Festival to hiking through a rumored thicket of rattlesnakes overlooking the Columbia River. The duo gamely made the trek for an acoustic performance of "Synthetica," the title track from Metric's new record. Stripped of an electric guitar and moody reverb, Haines and Shaw performed a version of the song pretty enough to challenge the sweeping sunset behind them. There couldn't have been a more appropriate backdrop for Haines' refrain, "Hey, I'm not synthetica." Credits Producers: Mito Habe-Evans and Saidah Blount; Videographers: Jim Beckmann, Mito Habe-Evans and Scott Holpainen; Sound engineers: Matt Ogaz and Kevin Wait; Special thanks to Sasquatch Music Festival and Live Nation
published: 21 Jun 2012
author: nprmusic
http://web.archive.org./web/20121107111131/http://wn.com/Metric: NPR Music Field Recording
NPR's Scott Simon: How to Tell a Story
  • Order:
  • Duration: 3:30
  • Updated: 01 Oct 2012
This video is a part of the YouTube Reporters' Center. See more videos on how to report the news -- and share your ideas -- at www.youtube.com Find more videos from NPR's Weekend Edition on our blog, www.npr.org/soapbox, and on the NPR YouTube Channel, www.youtube.com/npr.
published: 12 Jun 2009
author: npr
http://web.archive.org./web/20121107111131/http://wn.com/NPR's Scott Simon: How to Tell a Story
Wilco: NPR Music Tiny Desk Concert
  • Order:
  • Duration: 18:47
  • Updated: 11 Oct 2012
Armed with acoustic guitars, tiny amps, a desktop percussion unit and a ton of grace, Wilco plays three new songs from The Whole Love and an old favorite in a stripped-down but powerful set at the NPR Music offices. Set List: "Dawned On Me" "Whole Love" "Born Alone" "War On War" For more videos and to subscribe to the Tiny Desk Concerts podcast, visit npr.org/tinydeskconcerts.
published: 18 Oct 2011
author: nprmusic
http://web.archive.org./web/20121107111131/http://wn.com/Wilco: NPR Music Tiny Desk Concert
Adele: NPR Music Tiny Desk Concert
  • Order:
  • Duration: 14:35
  • Updated: 11 Oct 2012
In a stripped-down three-song set at the NPR Music offices, the Grammy-winning UK pop star showcases her brilliant voice and seemingly effortless charisma. Watch Adele perform two new songs to go with her ubiquitous hit "Chasing Pavements." Set List: "Someone Like You" "Chasing Pavements" "Rolling In The Deep" For more videos, visit npr.org/tinydeskconcerts
published: 14 Feb 2011
author: nprmusic
http://web.archive.org./web/20121107111131/http://wn.com/Adele: NPR Music Tiny Desk Concert
Pokey LaFarge: NPR Music Tiny Desk Concert
  • Order:
  • Duration: 11:01
  • Updated: 11 Oct 2012
LaFarge writes and performs original, sometimes traditional music steeped in American blues, country and Western swing from the days when 78s ruled the record player. Watch him perform a short set at the NPR Music offices, with the help of his band The South City Three. Set List: "La La Blues" "Pack It Up" "Head To Toe" For more videos, visit npr.org/tinydeskconcerts
published: 20 Apr 2011
author: nprmusic
http://web.archive.org./web/20121107111131/http://wn.com/Pokey LaFarge: NPR Music Tiny Desk Concert
Beirut: NPR Music Tiny Desk Concert
  • Order:
  • Duration: 11:48
  • Updated: 11 Oct 2012
Beirut arrived at the NPR Music offices dusty and exhausted following a weekend at Bonnaroo in Tennessee. But after some much-needed showers, the band brought infectious joy to its short set behind the Tiny Desk. Set List: "East Harlem" "Sante Fe" "Serbian Cocek" For more videos and to subscribe to the Tiny Desk Concerts podcast, visit npr.org/tinydeskconcerts.
published: 22 Sep 2011
author: nprmusic
http://web.archive.org./web/20121107111131/http://wn.com/Beirut: NPR Music Tiny Desk Concert
Raphael Saadiq NPR Music Tiny Desk Concert
  • Order:
  • Duration: 11:39
  • Updated: 11 Oct 2012
Raphael Saadiq was nominated for his 2008 solo album The Way I See It. The album featured an eclectic group of collaborators, such as Joss Stone, Stevie Wonder and Jay-Z. For his Tiny Desk Concert, Saadiq brought a remarkable accompanist in guitarist Rob Bacon. The two had just gotten off a plane, but in their impeccably tailored suits and their grand smiles, they looked fresh and played an inspired acoustic performance. As you watch, keep an eye on Saadiq's guitar work: You'll see how his years as a bassist influences many of his licks on his Taylor acoustic. Saadiq played: "Love That Girl" "100 Yard Dash" "Sure Hope You Mean It"
published: 28 Sep 2009
author: nprmusic
http://web.archive.org./web/20121107111131/http://wn.com/Raphael Saadiq NPR Music Tiny Desk Concert
Other Lives: NPR Music Tiny Desk Concert
  • Order:
  • Duration: 13:53
  • Updated: 11 Oct 2012
The Oklahoma band's droning minor-key hymns were seemingly made for wide-open spaces and big skies. The group brings that spirit to the Tiny Desk for a spacious but intimate performance at the NPR Music offices. Set List: "For 12" "Old Statues" "Dust Bowl III" For more videos and to subscribe to the Tiny Desk Concerts podcast, visit npr.org/tinydeskconcerts
published: 22 Aug 2011
author: nprmusic
http://web.archive.org./web/20121107111131/http://wn.com/Other Lives: NPR Music Tiny Desk Concert
NPR Cookie Monster Interview
  • Order:
  • Duration: 5:15
  • Updated: 10 Oct 2012
NPR Interview: Cookie Monster, with Elizabeth Blair "In Character"
published: 17 Feb 2008
author: samchungrrt
http://web.archive.org./web/20121107111131/http://wn.com/NPR Cookie Monster Interview
  • Edward Sharpe And The Magnetic Zeroes NPR Music Tiny Desk Concert...14:45
  • 7 Billion: How Did We Get So Big So Fast?...2:34
  • The Avett Brothers Tiny Desk Concert for NPR Music...15:56
  • Eric Cartman Interview On NPR...3:46
  • Tallest Man on Earth NPR Music Tiny Desk Concert...11:58
  • Metric: NPR Music Field Recording...4:33
  • NPR's Scott Simon: How to Tell a Story...3:30
  • Wilco: NPR Music Tiny Desk Concert...18:47
  • Adele: NPR Music Tiny Desk Concert...14:35
  • Pokey LaFarge: NPR Music Tiny Desk Concert...11:01
  • Beirut: NPR Music Tiny Desk Concert...11:48
  • Raphael Saadiq NPR Music Tiny Desk Concert...11:39
  • Other Lives: NPR Music Tiny Desk Concert...13:53
  • NPR Cookie Monster Interview...5:15
Edward Sharpe & The Magnetic Zeros can't exactly slip into an office building unnoticed: Clad in the same clothes they'd worn at a concert the night before, the LA band's 10 ragtag misfits would have fit in far more seamlessly at, say, Burning Man. Seeming to exist in a blissed-out alternate universe — during the wonderful "Home," singer Jade Castrinos exclaims, "Good morning, everybody!" as the clock behind her reads 2:10 pm — this is a band whose performances beg to be seen as well as heard, not to mention shot through a wide-angle lens. The biggest band to play a Tiny Desk Concert - the 10 members of The Magnetic Zeroes played three songs from their debut album (Up From Below). The set included: - Janglin - Home - 40 Day Daydream
published: 02 Nov 2009
author: nprmusic
14:45
Ed­ward Sharpe And The Mag­net­ic Ze­roes NPR Music Tiny Desk Con­cert
Ed­ward Sharpe & The Mag­net­ic Zeros can't ex­act­ly slip into an of­fice build­ing unno...
pub­lished: 02 Nov 2009
au­thor: nprmu­sic
2:34
7 Bil­lion: How Did We Get So Big So Fast?
It was just over two cen­turies ago that the glob­al pop­u­la­tion was 1 bil­lion — in 180...
pub­lished: 31 Oct 2011
au­thor: npr
15:56
The Avett Broth­ers Tiny Desk Con­cert for NPR Music
With all due re­spect to its ter­rif­ic al­bums and ki­net­ic, fre­net­ic live shows, if The Avett...
pub­lished: 25 Jun 2009
au­thor: nprmu­sic
3:46
Eric Cart­man In­ter­view On NPR
Eric Cart­man is in­ter­viewed by Julie Rovn­er on NPR and an­swers the Proust Ques­tion­naire. Y...
pub­lished: 05 Apr 2008
11:58
Tallest Man on Earth NPR Music Tiny Desk Con­cert
Swedish na­tive, Kris­tian Mats­son, aka The Tallest Man on Earth, plays a few tracks from hi...
pub­lished: 14 Sep 2009
au­thor: nprmu­sic
4:33
Met­ric: NPR Music Field Record­ing
See more Field Record­ings at: www.​npr.​org In a mat­ter of min­utes, Met­ric singer Emily Hain...
pub­lished: 21 Jun 2012
au­thor: nprmu­sic
3:30
NPR's Scott Simon: How to Tell a Story
This video is a part of the YouTube Re­porters' Cen­ter. See more videos on how to repor...
pub­lished: 12 Jun 2009
au­thor: npr
18:47
Wilco: NPR Music Tiny Desk Con­cert
Armed with acous­tic gui­tars, tiny amps, a desk­top per­cus­sion unit and a ton of grace, Wilc...
pub­lished: 18 Oct 2011
au­thor: nprmu­sic
14:35
Adele: NPR Music Tiny Desk Con­cert
In a stripped-down three-song set at the NPR Music of­fices, the Gram­my-win­ning UK pop star...
pub­lished: 14 Feb 2011
au­thor: nprmu­sic
11:01
Pokey La­Farge: NPR Music Tiny Desk Con­cert
La­Farge writes and per­forms orig­i­nal, some­times tra­di­tion­al music steeped in Amer­i­can blue...
pub­lished: 20 Apr 2011
au­thor: nprmu­sic
11:48
Beirut: NPR Music Tiny Desk Con­cert
Beirut ar­rived at the NPR Music of­fices dusty and ex­haust­ed fol­low­ing a week­end at Bon­naro...
pub­lished: 22 Sep 2011
au­thor: nprmu­sic
11:39
Raphael Saadiq NPR Music Tiny Desk Con­cert
Raphael Saadiq was nom­i­nat­ed for his 2008 solo album The Way I See It. The album fea­tured ...
pub­lished: 28 Sep 2009
au­thor: nprmu­sic
13:53
Other Lives: NPR Music Tiny Desk Con­cert
The Ok­la­homa band's dron­ing mi­nor-key hymns were seem­ing­ly made for wide-open spaces a...
pub­lished: 22 Aug 2011
au­thor: nprmu­sic
5:15
NPR Cook­ie Mon­ster In­ter­view
NPR In­ter­view: Cook­ie Mon­ster, with Eliz­a­beth Blair "In Char­ac­ter"...
pub­lished: 17 Feb 2008
Vimeo results:
27:54
UN­DER­CI­TY
Help con­vince Canon to sup­port High School film­mak­ing by press­ing "LIKE" on this face­book ...
pub­lished: 29 Dec 2010
3:05
WORDS
Made by Ev­erynone (in Col­lab­o­ra­tion with WNYC's Ra­di­o­lab & NPR) Di­rect­ed by Daniel Mer­cad...
pub­lished: 30 Jul 2010
au­thor: Ev­erynone
2:00
Ira Glass on Sto­ry­telling
UP­DATE: Thanks for all your kind words guys! It's quite over­whelm­ing to see this shared an...
pub­lished: 06 Jun 2011
3:34
A Mys­tery: Why Can't We Walk Straight?
Try as you might, you can't walk in a straight line with­out a vis­i­ble guide point, like th...
pub­lished: 22 Nov 2010
au­thor: NPR

Youtube results:
12:56
NPR Music Tiny Desk Con­cert: Nick Lowe
Few mu­si­cians get bet­ter with age. Nick Lowe is an ex­cep­tion: At 61, Lowe is part croon­er,...
pub­lished: 01 Nov 2010
au­thor: nprmu­sic
1:56
NPR Per­son­al­i­ties Spoof Lady Gaga
Pub­lic radio dorks go Gaga....
pub­lished: 06 May 2010
au­thor: smer­a­ji
3:07
The New NPR.​org
Scott Simon in­tro­duces the newly re­designed NPR.​org....
pub­lished: 22 Jul 2009
au­thor: npr
3:05
Ra­di­o­lab and NPR Pre­sent Words
A stun­ning film from Will Hoff­man and Daniel Mer­cadante to ac­com­pa­ny Ra­di­o­lab's Words ...
pub­lished: 09 Aug 2010
Photo: AP / Mark Lennihan
A man waiting to vote at Public School 370 angrily points at a New York City police officer, left, as tempers flare, Tuesday, Nov. 6, 2012 in the Coney Island section of the Brooklyn borough of New York.
The Leaf Chronicle
06 Nov 2012
WASHINGTON (AP) — President Barack Obama and Republican challenger Mitt Romney left Americans to vote Tuesday with a stark choice between their fundamentally different visions for the country’s future...



Photo: US Navy / Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class Todd A. Schaffer
File - The Royal Navy submarine HMS Astute arrives at Naval Station Norfolk, 28 November, 2011. Astute is the first in a new class of British nuclear submarines that sets the standard for the Royal Navy in terms of weapons load, communication facilities and stealth.
Al Jazeera
06 Nov 2012
- At an unknown location somewhere deep beneath the world's oceans, a British submarine sits primed to launch up to 40 nuclear warheads with a collective destructive power almost 300 times greater...



Photo: AP
Police surround the bodies of striking miners after opening fire on a crowd at the Lonmin Platinum Mine near Rustenburg, South Africa, Thursday, Aug. 16, 2012.
The Guardian
06 Nov 2012
The inquiry into the miners' deaths is showing how police doctored evidence and revealing a force that believes itself to be above South African law...



Photo: AP / Narciso Contreras
In this Sunday, Nov. 04, 2012 photo, a rebel fighter claims for victory after he fires a shoulder-fired missile toward a building where Syrian troops loyal to President Bashar Assad are hiding while they attempt to gain terrain against the rebels during heavy clashes in the Jedida district of Aleppo, Syria.
BBC News
06 Nov 2012
The UN and Arab League envoy to Syria, Lakhdar Brahimi, has said he fears the country could "turn into a new Somalia" unless the crisis does not end soon. In an interview with the newspaper...



Photo: WN / Ahmed Deeb
A mural depicting the late Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat (R) in Gaza City as French prosecutors in Paris opened up an official inquiry into Yasser Arafat's death in Gaza City on August 28, 2012. Palestinian president Mahmud Abbas welcomed a decision by French prosecutors to open a murder inquiry into claims the Arafat may have been poisoned.
Star Tribune
05 Nov 2012
RAMALLAH, West Bank - A Western diplomat says the exhumation of late Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat's remains will take place Nov. 26....





Mashable Google has redesigned its search results pages, shifting its toolbar from the side to the top of the screen. The bar lets users search under different categories, including “Web,” “Images,” “Maps,” “News” and more. “With the new design,...(size: 4.4Kb)
Canberra Times Click to play video Return to video Video settings Please Log in to update your video settings Video will begin in 5 seconds. Don't play Play now More video Recommended Click to play video Voters talk Click to play video Americans go to the polls Click to play video The US voting system explained...(size: 54.3Kb)
Milwaukee Journal Sentinel Here's a transcript of President Barack Obama's victory speech Tuesday night at Chicago's McCormick Place. It's taken from the website of an Alabama affiliate of National Public Radio, and comes with this editor's note: NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by a contractor for NPR, and...(size: 58.5Kb)
The Examiner Related topics Electoral College Map 2012election results Advertisement After all the polls predicted a tight presidential race, President Obama likely will end up winning a second term by 126 electoral votes. The Electoral College does tend to inflate leads a bit, since a candidate only needs to...(size: 7.2Kb)
Denver Post Politico picked out some pundits who correctly predicted President Barack Obama would win re-election and some who predicted otherwise. Those who called it right: New York Times' Nate Silver: FiveThirtyEight Forecast. Electoral vote: Obama 313, Romney 225. Chance of winning: Obama 90.9 percent,...(size: 3.2Kb)
The Examiner Related topics InsuranceRiskwisconsin politicshealth insurancelevel of risk Advertisement With the election nearly over and the tallying of votes continuing, it can be no surprise that Wisconsin residents are wondering how the election’s outcomes will affect the insurance requirements. The...(size: 11.7Kb)
STL Today As an alumnus of AmeriCorps, an issue that is of great concern to me is the ever-looming threat of AmeriCorps losing funding due to legislative decision-making. Recently, House Republicans revealed legislation that would cut funding not...(size: 1.5Kb)
Wired News President Barack Obama uses a cell phone to call supporters in Henderson, Nevada. Photo: AP/Pablo Martinez Congratulations, Barack Obama: You have prevailed in the nerdiest election in the history of the American Republic. If 2008 was about hope and change, 2012 was about data and memes. The...(size: 11.3Kb)
Ha'aretz Haaretz reporters and analysts Natasha Mozgovaya, Chemi Shalev, and Dina Kraft are live blogging from the U.S. as incumbent U.S. President Barack Obama and Republican challenger Mitt Romney face off in a bid to become the 45th president of the world's most powerful country....(size: 16.3Kb)
Ha'aretz Haaretz reporters and analysts Natasha Mozgovaya, Chemi Shalev, and Dina Kraft are live blogging from the U.S. as incumbent U.S. President Barack Obama and Republican challenger Mitt Romney face off in a bid to become the 45th president of the world's most powerful country....(size: 16.3Kb)
The Australian PRESIDENT Barack Obama has won some critical swing states, putting him within striking distance of being able to claim victory over Mitt Romney. But some major states remain tight - stay with us for all the latest developments. 2.25pm: Republicans have lost three seats in the Senate, boosting...(size: 31.0Kb)
Mashable NPRs Election Night Coverage 8-Bit-Style November 6th, 2012 We, Tyler Fisher and I, decided to have a little fun with NPR’s Election Night Scorecard. With Brian Boyer‘s blessing, we helped along the NPR news app team’s scorecard to its natural conclusion: an old-school, NES-style....(size: 6.7Kb)
Mashable A college professor and his student developed a CSS jack that applies an 8-bit treatment to NPR’s Election Night Scorecard. According to creator Jeremy Gilbert, NPR supported the NES-style project that was developed to “best enjoy the night’s election results the way they are meant to be...(size: 4.8Kb)
NPR
Type Public radio network
Country United States
First air date April 1971
Availability Global
Founded February 26, 1970
Slogan "This is NPR"[citation needed]
Endowment US$258 million
Revenue US$159 million
Net income US$18.9 million
Headquarters Washington, D.C.
Broadcast area Nationwide
Owner National Public Radio, Inc.
Key people Gary Knell, President and Chief Executive Officer
Debra Delman, Senior Vice President, Strategic Operations and Finance
Established 1970
Former names Association of Public Radio Stations
National Educational Radio Network
Affiliation World Radio Network
Official website npr.org

NPR, formerly National Public Radio,[1][2] is a privately and publicly funded non-profit membership media organization that serves as a national syndicator to a network of 900 public radio stations in the United States.[3]

NPR produces and distributes news and cultural programming. Individual public radio stations are not required to broadcast all NPR programs that are produced. Most public radio stations broadcast a mixture of NPR programs, content from rival providers American Public Media, Public Radio International and Public Radio Exchange, and locally produced programs. NPR's flagships are two drive time news broadcasts, Morning Edition and the afternoon All Things Considered; both are carried by most NPR member stations, and are two of the most popular radio programs in the country.[4][5]

NPR manages the Public Radio Satellite System, which distributes NPR programs and other programming from independent producers and networks such as American Public Media and Public Radio International. Its content is also available on-demand via the web, mobile, and podcasts.

Contents

History[link]

1970s[link]

National Public Radio replaced the National Educational Radio Network on February 26, 1970, following congressional passage of the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967. This act was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, and established the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, which also created the Public Broadcasting Service in addition to NPR. A CPB organizing committee under John Witherspoon first created a Board of Directors chaired by Bernard Mayes.

The board then hired Donald Quayle to be the first president of NPR with 30 employees and 90 charter member stations, and studios in Washington D.C..[6]

NPR aired its first broadcast in April 1971, covering United States Senate hearings on the Vietnam War. A month later, the afternoon drive-time newscast All Things Considered began, on May 3, 1971, first hosted by Robert Conley. NPR was primarily a production and distribution organization until 1977, when it merged with the Association of Public Radio Stations. As a membership organization, NPR was then charged with providing stations with training, program promotion, and management, and with representing the interests of public radio before Congress and providing content delivery mechanisms, such as satellite transmission.[citation needed]

1980s[link]

NPR suffered an almost fatal setback in 1983 when efforts to expand services created a deficit of nearly US$7 million. After a Congressional investigation and the resignation of NPR's president, Frank Mankiewicz, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting agreed to lend the network money in order to stave off bankruptcy.[7] In exchange, NPR agreed to a new arrangement whereby the annual CPB stipend that it had previously received directly would be divided among local stations instead; in turn, those stations would support NPR productions on a subscription basis. NPR also agreed to turn its satellite service into a cooperative venture (the Public Radio Satellite System), making it possible for non-NPR shows to get national distribution. It took NPR approximately three years to pay off the debt.[8]

File:NPRLogoOld.png
Logo used during 1990s.

1990s[link]

Delano Lewis, the president of C&P Telephone, left that position to become NPR's CEO and president in January 1994.[9] Lewis resigned in August 1998.[9][10] In November 1998, NPR's board of directors hired Kevin Klose, the director of the International Broadcasting Bureau, as its president and chief executive officer.[10]

2000s[link]

September 11th made it apparent in a very urgent way that we need another facility that could keep NPR going if something devastating happens in Washington.

—Jay Kernis, NPR's senior VP for programming[11]

In November 2002, NPR spent nearly $13 million to acquire and equip a West Coast 25,000-square-foot (2,300 m2) production facility, dubbed "NPR West", which opened in Culver City, California; it had room to for up to 90 employees, and was established to expand its production capabilities, improve its coverage of the western United States, and create a backup production facility capable of keeping NPR on the air in the event of a catastrophe in Washington.[11]

On November 6, 2003, NPR was given US$235 million[12] from the estate of the late Joan B. Kroc, the widow of Ray Kroc, founder of McDonald's Corporation. This was the largest monetary gift ever to a cultural institution.[13][14]

In 2004 NPR's budget increased by over 50% to US$153 million due to the Kroc gift. US$34 million of the money was deposited in its endowment.[15] The endowment fund before the gift totaled $35 million. NPR will use the interest from the bequest to expand its news staff and reduce some member stations' fees.[13] The 2005 budget was about US$120 million.

Ken Stern became chief executive in September 2006, reportedly as the "hand-picked successor" of CEO Kevin Klose, who gave up the job but remained as NPR's president; Stern had worked with Klose at Radio Free Europe.[12]

On December 10, 2008, NPR announced that it would reduce its workforce by 7% and cancel the news programs Day to Day and News & Notes.[16] The organization indicated this was in response to a rapid drop in corporate underwriting in the wake of the economic crisis of 2008.[16]

In the fall of 2008, NPR programming reached a record 27.5 million people weekly, according to Arbitron ratings figures. NPR stations reach 32.7 million listeners overall.[17]

In March 2008, the NPR Board announced that Stern would be stepping down from his role as Chief Executive Officer, following conflict with NPR's Board of Directors "over the direction of the organization", including issues NPR's member station managers had had with NPR's expansion into new media "at the expense of serving" the stations that financially support NPR.[12]

As of 2009, corporate sponsorship made up 26% of the NPR budget.[18]

2010s[link]

In July 2010, the former National Public Radio renamed itself NPR. Affiliated stations and staff were instructed to use the initials NPR.[1] [19]

In October 2010, NPR accepted a $1.8 million grant from the Open Society Institute. The grant is meant to begin a project called Impact of Government that is intended to add at least 100 journalists at NPR member radio stations in all 50 states over the next three years.[20] The OSI has made previous donations, but does not take on air credit for its gifts.[21]

Governance[link]

NPR headquarters at 635 Massachusetts Avenue NW in Washington, D.C.

NPR is a membership corporation. Member stations are required to be non-commercial or non-commercial educational radio stations, have at least five full-time professional employees, operate for at least 18 hours per day, and not be designed solely to further a Religious broadcasting philosophy or be used for classroom Distance learning programming. Each member station receives one vote at the annual NPR board meetings—exercised by its designated Authorized Station Representative ("A-Rep").

To oversee the day-to-day operations and prepare its budget, members elect a Board of Directors. This board is composed of ten A-Reps, five members of the general public, and the chair of the NPR Foundation. Terms are for three years and rotate such that some stand for election every year.[22]

The original purposes of NPR, as ratified by the Board of Directors, are the following:

  • Provide an identifiable daily product which is consistent and reflects the highest standards of broadcast journalism.
  • Provide extended coverage of public events, issues and ideas, and to acquire and produce special public affairs programs.
  • Acquire and produce cultural programs which can be scheduled individually by stations.
  • Provide access to the intellectual and cultural resources of cities, universities and rural districts through a system of cooperative program development with member public radio stations.
  • Develop and distribute programs for specific groups (Adult education, instruction, modular units for local productions) which may meet needs of individual regions or groups, but may not have general national relevance.
  • Establish liaison with foreign broadcasters for a program exchange service.
  • Produce materials specifically intended to develop the art and technical potential of radio.[23]

As of May 2012, the Board of Directors of NPR included the following members:

NPR Member Station Managers
President of NPR
  • Gary Knell, President and CEO (December 1, 2011– )
Chair of the NPR Foundation
  • Antoine W. van Agtmael; Chair, NPR Foundation; Chairman and Chief Investment Officer, Emerging Markets Management, LLP
Public Members of the Board
  • Carol A. Cartwright; Former President, Bowling Green State University
  • Patricia Diaz Dennis; Senior Vice President and Assistant General Counsel, Retired, AT&T
  • Paul Haaga; Chairman of the Board, Capital Research and Management Company
  • Eduardo A. Hauser; Chief Executive Officer, DailyMe, Inc.
  • John A. Herrmann, Jr.; Vice Chairman, Lincoln International

Funding[link]

In 2010, NPR revenues totaled $180 million, with the bulk of revenues coming from programming fees, grants from foundations or business entities, contributions and sponsorships.[18] According to the 2009 financial statement, about 50% of NPR revenues come from the fees it charges member stations for programming and distribution charges.[18] Typically, NPR member stations receive funds through on-air pledge drives, corporate underwriting, state and local governments, educational institutions, and the federally funded Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB). In 2009, member stations derived 6% of their revenue from federal, state and local government funding, 10% of their revenue from CPB grants, and 14% of their revenue from universities.[18][24] While NPR does not receive any direct federal funding, it does receive a small number of competitive grants from CPB and federal agencies like the Department of Education and the Department of Commerce. This funding amounts to approximately 2% of NPR’s overall revenues.[18]

During the 1970s and early 1980s, the majority of NPR funding came from the federal government. Steps were taken during the 1980s to completely wean NPR from government support, but the 1983 funding crisis forced the network to make immediate changes. Now more money to fund the NPR network is raised from listeners, charitable foundations and corporations instead.[citation needed] According to CPB, in 2009 11.3% of the aggregate revenues of all public radio broadcasting stations were funded from federal sources, principally through CPB.[25]

Underwriting spots vs. commercials[link]

In contrast with commercial broadcasting, NPR does not carry traditional radio commercials, but has advertising in the form of brief statements from major donors. These statements are called underwriting spots and, unlike commercials, are governed by specific FCC restrictions in addition to truth in advertising laws; they cannot advocate a product[dubious ] or contain any "call to action".[citation needed]

Listenership[link]

According to a 2003 Washington Monthly story, about 20 million listeners tune into NPR each week. The average listener is 50 years old,[26] and earns an annual income of US$78,000. As of 2006, NPR's listenership is 80% white and 20% non-white.[27] While Arbitron tracks public radio listenership, they do not include public radio in their published rankings of radio stations.

NPR stations generally do not subscribe to the Arbitron rating service, and are not included in published ratings and rankings such as Radio & Records. However, NPR station listenership is measured by Arbitron in both Diary and PPM (people meter) markets. NPR stations are frequently not included in "summary level" diary data used by most advertising agencies for media planning. Data on NPR listening can be accessed using "respondent level" diary data. Additionally, all radio stations (public and commercial) are treated equally within the PPM data sets making NPR station listenership data much more widely available to the media planning community. According to Artitron's National Broadcast Audience Estimate report for September 29, 2011,[28] NPR's signature morning news program, "Morning Edition", is the network's most popular program, drawing 12.9 million listeners a week, with its afternoon newsmagazine, "All Things Considered", a close second, with 12.2 million listeners a week. Arbitron data is also provided by Radio Research Consortium, a non-profit corporation which subscribes to the Aribtron service and distributes the data to NPR and other non-commercial stations and on its website.[29] In a Harris telephone survey conducted in 2005, NPR was the most trusted news source in the U.S.[30]

Digital media[link]

NPR's history in digital media includes the work of an independent, for-profit company called Public Interactive, which was founded in 1999[31] and acquired by PRI in June 2004, when it became a non-profit company.[32] By July 2008, Public Interactive had "170 subscribers who collectively operate 325 public radio and television stations" and clients such as Car Talk, The World, and The Tavis Smiley Show; by the end of that month, NPR acquired Public Interactive from PRI[31] In March 2011, NPR revealed a restructuring proposal in which Boston-based Public Interactive would become NPR Digital Services, separate from the Washington D.C.-based NPR Digital Media, which focuses on NPR-branded services.[33] NPR Digital Services would continue offering its services to public TV stations.[33]

The technical backbone of its digital news publishing system is Core Publisher, which was built on Drupal, the open-source content management system.[33]

NPR has been dubbed as "leveraging the Twitter generation", because of its adaptation of the popular microblogging service as one of its primary vehicles of information. Of NPR’s Twitter followers, the majority (67%) still do listen to NPR on the radio. According to Mashable.com, in a survey of more than 10,000 respondents, NPR found that its Twitter (Twitter) followers are younger, more connected to the social web, and more likely to access content through digital platforms such as NPR’s website, podcasts, mobile apps and more. NPR has more than one Twitter account; its survey found that most respondents followed between two and five NPR accounts, including topical account, show-specific accounts and on-air staff accounts.[34] In addition, NPR's Facebook Page has been at the forefront of the company foray into social media. Started by college student and fan Geoff Campbell[35] in 2008, the page was quickly taken over by the organization,[36] and over the last two years has grown to over 2.2 million fans and is a popular example of the company's new focus on a younger audience.[37]

Programming[link]

Programs produced by NPR[link]

News and public affairs programs[link]

NPR News logo

NPR produces a morning and an afternoon news program, both of which also have weekend editions with different hosts. It also produces hourly news briefs around the clock. NPR formerly distributed the World Radio Network, a daily compilation of news reports from international radio news, but no longer does so.

Cultural programming[link]

Programs distributed by NPR[link]

News and public affairs[link]

Cultural programs[link]

Public radio programs not affiliated with NPR[link]

Individual NPR stations can broadcast programming from sources that have no formal affiliation with NPR. If these programs are distributed by another distributor, a public radio station must also affiliate with that network to take that network's programming.

Many shows produced or distributed by Public Radio International—such as This American Life, Living on Earth and Whad'Ya Know?—are broadcast on public radio stations, but are not affiliated with NPR. PRI and NPR are separate production and distribution organizations with distinct missions, and each competes with the other for programming slots on public radio stations.

Public Radio Exchange also offers a national distribution network where a significant number of public radio stations go to acquire programs from independent producers. PRX provides a catalog of thousands of radio pieces available on-demand as broadcast quality audio files and available for streaming on the PRX.org website.

Most public radio stations are NPR member stations and affiliate stations of PRI, APM, and PRX at the same time. The organizations have different governance structures and missions and relationships with stations. Other popular shows, like A Prairie Home Companion and Marketplace, are produced by American Public Media, the national programming unit of Minnesota Public Radio. These programs were distributed by Public Radio International prior to APM's founding. Democracy Now!, the flagship news program of the Pacifica Radio network, provides a feed to NPR stations, and other Pacifica programs can occasionally be heard on these stations as well.

Additionally, NPR member stations distribute a series of podcast-only programs, such as Planet Money, On Gambling with Mike Pesca, Groove Salad, and Youthcast, which are designed for younger audiences.

Controversies[link]

Over the course of NPR's history, controversies have arisen over several incidents and topics.

Allegations of ideological bias[link]

NPR has been accused of displaying both liberal bias, as alleged in work such as a UCLA and University of Missouri study of Morning Edition, and conservative bias, including criticism of alleged reliance on conservative think-tanks.[38] NPR has also been accused of bias related to specific topics, including support of the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, and coverage of Israel. The NPR ombudsman has described how NPR's coverage of the Israel-Palestinian conflict has been simultaneously criticized as biased by both sides.[39] University of Texas journalism professor and author, Robert Jensen, has criticized NPR for its pro-war stance during coverage of Iraq war protests.[40]

Surveys and follow-up focus groups conducted by the Tarrance Group and Lake Snell Perry & Associates have indicated that, "The majority of the U.S. adult population does not believe that the news and information programming on public broadcasting is biased. The plurality of Americans indicate that there is no apparent bias one way or the other, while approximately one-in-five detect a liberal bias and approximately one-in-ten detect a conservative bias."[41]

Mumia Abu-Jamal commentaries[link]

In 1994, NPR arranged to air commentaries by Mumia Abu-Jamal, a man convicted of murdering a police officer, on All Things Considered, but canceled them after the Fraternal Order of Police and members of the U. S. Congress objected to the airing.[42]

Juan Williams comments[link]

On October 20, 2010, NPR terminated Senior News Analyst Juan Williams's independent contract[43] over a series of incidents culminating in remarks he made on the Fox News Channel regarding Muslims.

Ronald Schiller comments[link]

In March, 2011 conservative political provocateur James O'Keefe sent partners Simon Templar (a nom de plume) and Shaughn Adeleye[44] to secretly record their discussion with Ronald Schiller, NPR's outgoing senior vice president for fundraising, and an associate, in which Schiller made remarks viewed as disparaging of the Tea Party and conservatives, and controversial comments regarding Palestine and funding for NPR. Schiller immediately resigned, and NPR disavowed Schiller's comments. CEO Vivian Schiller, who is not related to Ronald, later resigned over the fallout from the comments and the previous firing of Juan Williams.[45]

See also[link]

References[link]

  1. ^ a b National Public Radio is changing its name to NPRWashington Post, July 8, 2010
  2. ^ National Public Radio is now just NPR. Can nothing stop this move toward abbreviations?LA Times, Jul 12, 2010
  3. ^ "How NPR Works: NPR's Mission Statement". NPR. Archived from the original on January 17, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070117145258/http://www.npr.org/about/nprworks.html. Retrieved June 12, 2007. 
  4. ^ ""Mandela: An Audio History" on NPR's All Things Considered Series". National Public Radio. April 9, 2004. http://www.npr.org/about/press/040412.mandela.html. "All Things Considered, NPR's daily, afternoon newsmagazine was first broadcast in 1971, and according to recent reports is the third most listened radio show in the country, attracting a weekly audience of 11.5 million people on 605 public radio stations nationwide." 
  5. ^ Mitchell, Jack W. (2005). Listener supported: the culture and history of public radio. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 175. ISBN 0-275-98352-8. http://books.google.com/?id=KIwTKWj04wEC&pg=PA175. "Conceived as "alternatives," Morning Edition and All Things Considered are the second and third most listened-to radio programs in the ..." 
  6. ^ "History". NPR. http://www.npr.org/about/aboutnpr/history.html#history. Retrieved 2011-02-24. 
  7. ^ "GAO statement on NPR financial crisis, 1984". Public Broadcasting PolicyBase at Current.org. 1984. http://www.current.org/pbpb/documents/GAOonNPR84.html. Retrieved June 12, 2007. 
  8. ^ "History of public broadcasting in the United States". Current.org. http://www.current.org/history/timeline/timeline-1980s.shtml#1986. Retrieved June 12, 2007. 
  9. ^ a b "Delano Lewis Resigns". NPR. April 3, 1998. http://www.npr.org/about/press/980403.del.html. Retrieved 2012-02-16. 
  10. ^ a b "NPR Announces New President and CEO". NPR. November 11, 1998. http://www.npr.org/about/press/981111.klose.html. Retrieved 2012-02-16. 
  11. ^ a b "NPR Establishes Major Production Center in California NPR West Opens November 2, Expanding Network's Presence and Reach". NPR. November 2, 2002. http://www.npr.org/about/press/021016.nprwest.html. Retrieved 2012-02-16. 
  12. ^ a b c NPR Leader out After Board Clash, Washington Post, March 6, 2008.
  13. ^ a b "Billions and Billions Served, Hundreds of Millions Donated". New York Times. November 7, 2003. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E04EFD81439F934A35752C1A9659C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all. Retrieved July 28, 2008. "National Public Radio announced yesterday that it had received a bequest worth at least $200 million from the widow of the longtime chairman of the McDonald's restaurant chain. The gift is the largest in the 33-year history of NPR, the nonprofit broadcasting corporation – and about twice the size of NPR's annual operating budget. It is believed to be among the largest ever pledged to an American cultural institution." 
  14. ^ "NPR Receives a Record Bequest of More Than $200 Million" (Press release). National Public Radio. November 6, 2003. http://www.npr.org/about/press/031106.kroc.html. Retrieved October 2, 2006. 
  15. ^ Janssen, Mike (May 24, 2004). "Kroc gift lets NPR expand news, lower fees". Current.org. http://www.current.org/npr/npr0409krocgift.shtml. Retrieved October 2, 2006. 
  16. ^ a b Carney, Steve (December 10, 2008). "National Public Radio to cut shows, personnel". Los Angeles Times. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2008/12/national-public.html. Retrieved December 11, 2008. 
  17. ^ "NPR reaches new audience high". Press release. NPR. March 24, 2009. http://www.npr.org/about/press/2009/032409.AudienceRecord.html. Retrieved August 24, 2010. 
  18. ^ a b c d e "Public Radio Finances". NPR. http://www.npr.org/about/aboutnpr/publicradiofinances.html. Retrieved October 22, 2010. 
  19. ^ https://secure.nprlabs.org/powercalc/
  20. ^ "The Situation Room". http://archives.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1010/22/sitroom.02.html. 
  21. ^ Lisa Chiu, [1], " Secret Recording Explores Relationship Between Billionaire Soros and NPR," The Chronicle of Philanthropy, March 17, 2011
  22. ^ NPR Bylaws; Public Broadcasting Policy Base; January 20, 1999
  23. ^ Siemering, William (November 29, 1999). "National Public Radio Purposes". Public Broadcasting PolicyBase at Current.org. http://www.current.org/pbpb/documents/NPRpurposes.html. Retrieved October 2, 2006. 
  24. ^ "NPR Responds". http://www.weeklystandard.com/weblogs/TWSFP/2009/02/npr_responds.asp. Retrieved January 14, 2010. 
  25. ^ "Table 2 Public Broadcasting Revenue by Public Television and Radio System and Source of Revenue, Fiscal Year 2008-2009". Public Broadcasting Revenue Fiscal Year 2009. Corporation for Public Broadcasting. http://www.cpb.org/stations/reports/revenue/2009PublicBroadcastingRevenue.pdf. Retrieved 5 August 2011. 
  26. ^ "Profile 2007: National Public Radio Station Audiences". Mediamark. July 2007. http://www.nprstations.org/research/audience/index.cfm. 
  27. ^ "The Listeners of National Public Radio". Onthemedia.org. September 1, 2006. http://www.onthemedia.org/transcripts/2006/09/01/08. Retrieved August 24, 2010. 
  28. ^ "Audience Estimates". NPR. http://www.npr.org/templates/archives/archive.php?thingId=125885971. Retrieved 2012-02-16. 
  29. ^ Fong-Torres, Ben (March 12, 2006). "Radio Waves". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/03/12/PKGU9GINB71.DTL. Retrieved April 26, 2008. 
  30. ^ Eggerton, John (November 10, 2005). "Survey Says: Noncom News Most Trusted". Broadcasting & Cable. http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/CA6282871.html?display=Breaking+News&referral=SUPP. Retrieved October 2, 2006. 
  31. ^ a b "PRI And NPR Announce Deal To Grow Public Interactive, Public Media's Leading Web Services Company". NPR. July 31, 2008. http://www.npr.org/about/press/2008/073108.PublicInteractive.html. Retrieved 2012-02-16. 
  32. ^ "Public Interactive Press Area". NPR. June 2, 2004. http://info.ds.npr.org/060204release.html. Retrieved 2012-02-16. 
  33. ^ a b c Everhart, Karen (March 7, 2011). "Web infrastructure for pubmedia, 2011". Current.org. http://www.current.org/web/web1105pi.html. Retrieved 2012-02-16. 
  34. ^ Spiegel, Rachel. "Research: Thalido…". http://science-educat…. Retrieved April 30, 2006. 
  35. ^ Campbell, Geoff. "Mount Allison student gets Facebook ball rolling for American media organization, NPR". http://www.mta.ca/news/index.php?id=3518#3518. Retrieved March 2, 2011. 
  36. ^ Campbell, Geoff. "How Andy Carvin took over NPR's Facebook Page from Student/Creator Geoff Campbell". http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wwHvlZmr9KI. Retrieved March 2, 2011. 
  37. ^ Tenore, Mallary Jean. "Carvin: Facebook Lets NPR Empower Those Who Love Us, Listen to Those Who Don’t". http://www.poynter.org/latest-news/top-stories/104499/carvin-facebook-lets-npr-empower-those-who-love-us-listen-to-those-who-dont/. Retrieved March 2, 2011. 
  38. ^ "Does Public Radio Have A Liberal Bias? The Finale!" (Radio Transcript). On The Media. WNYC. 25. http://www.onthemedia.org/2011/mar/18/does-npr-have-a-liberal-bias/transcript/. Retrieved 4 September 2011. 
  39. ^ Listeners Hear Same Israeli-Palestinian Coverage Differently; NPR Ombudsman; June 18, 2010
  40. ^ Published Articles - 2003; University of Texas, Robert Jensen
  41. ^ Public Perceptions of Public Broadcasting; Corporation for Public Broadcasting; December, 2003
  42. ^ "Judge Dismisses Inmate's Suit Against NPR". The Washington Post. August 22, 1997. 
  43. ^ Stanglin, Doug (October 21, 2010). "Update: NPR exec says Juan Williams crossed the line before". USA Today. http://content.usatoday.com/communities/ondeadline/post/2010/10/npr-news-dumps-analyst-juan-williams-over-comments-about-muslims-/1?csp=34news. Retrieved October 21, 2010. 
  44. ^ Hagey, Keach (March 8, 2011). "NPR exec: tea party is ‘scary,’ ‘racist’". Politico. http://www.politico.com/blogs/onmedia/0311/NPR_exec_tea_party_is_scary_racist.html?showall. 
  45. ^ Mark Memmott (March 9, 2011). "NPR CEO Vivian Schiller resigns". NPR. http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2011/03/09/134388981/npr-ceo-vivian-schiller-resigns. Retrieved March 9, 2011. 

External links[link]

http://wn.com/NPR

Related pages:

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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.


The Tallest Man on Earth
Background information
Birth name Kristian Matsson
Born (1983-04-30) 30 April 1983 (age 29)
Origin Leksand, Dalarna, Sweden
Genres Folk, Indie
Years active 2006 – present
Labels Gravitation, Dead Oceans
Associated acts Montezumas
Website tallestmanonearth.com

Kristian Matsson (born April 30, 1983) is a singer-songwriter from Dalarna, Sweden. Since 2006, he has released three full-length albums and two EPs. He performs under the moniker The Tallest Man on Earth. He is known for recording and producing his own records in whichever home he is currently living and states that the connection between his voice and guitar is so strong, he rarely records them as separately tracked performances. [1]He is also known both by critics and his fans for his charismatic stage presence.[2][3] Matsson is married to fellow Swedish singer-songwriter Amanda Bergman, who performs under the moniker Idiot Wind. The couple have toured extensively together, often performing songs together on stage. He has toured with Bon Iver.[4] Matsson also fronted the band Montezumas.

Critics have compared The Tallest Man on Earth to Bob Dylan both in terms of songwriting ability and vocal style.[5][6][7] When asked about his lyrical style, The Tallest Man on Earth explains that he began listening to Bob Dylan at fifteen, and upon hearing Dylan's cover material, he "tried to figure out where those songs came from" and became slowly exposed to early American folk, such as Pete Seeger and Woody Guthrie. But he is careful to qualify this, say "I don't consider my work to be a part of any tradition. This is how I play. This is how I write songs"[8]

With regards to his guitar technique, Matsson uses a variety of open tunings, and to a lesser degree standard tuning. He had classical guitar training in his youth, but says he "never really focuses on it" and that by the end of high school he "got bored playing guitar because it was like math"[9], until he then discovered open tunings while listening to Nick Drake in his early twenties. He was drawn to this style of playing because it allowed him to focus on singing while still performing intricate music. [10]

Contents

Discography[link]

Studio Albums[link]

EPs[link]

Singles[link]

  • The Gardener
  • The King of Spain; The Wild Hunt
  • Pistol Dreams
  • The Dreamer
  • Weather of a Killing Kind
  • 1904

References[link]

External links[link]


http://wn.com/The_Tallest_Man_on_Earth

Related pages:

http://ru.wn.com/The Tallest Man on Earth

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Raphael Saadiq

Saadiq at the 2012 Time 100
Background information
Birth name Charles Ray Wiggins
Born (1966-05-14) May 14, 1966 (age 46)
Origin Oakland, California, United States
Genres R&B, soul, neo soul
Occupations Singer-songwriter, producer
Instruments Vocals, bass guitar, guitar, keyboards
Years active 1983–present
Labels Pookie Entertainment, Columbia, Sony
Associated acts Tony! Toni! Toné!, Lucy Pearl, Eve 6, Joi, Joss Stone, Q-Tip

Raphael Saadiq (born Charles Ray Wiggins, May 14, 1966) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, guitarist, and record producer. Saadiq has been a standard bearer for "old school" R&B since his early days as a member of the multiplatinum group Tony! Toni! Toné! He also produced songs of such artists as TLC, Joss Stone, D'Angelo, Mary J. Blige, and John Legend.

He and D'Angelo were occasional members of The Ummah, a music production collective, composed of members Q-Tip and Ali Shaheed Muhammad of A Tribe Called Quest, and J Dilla of the Detroit-based group Slum Village.

Saadiq's critically acclaimed album, The Way I See It, released on September 16, 2008, featuring artists Stevie Wonder, Joss Stone, and Jay-Z, received three Grammy Award Nominations and was voted Best Album on iTunes of 2008. His fourth studio album, Stone Rollin', was released on March 25, 2011.[1] For the album, Saadiq worked with steel guitarist Robert Randolph; former Earth, Wind & Fire keyboardist Larry Dunn; Swedish/Japanese indie rock songstress Yukimi Nagano (of Little Dragon fame); Funk legend Larry Graham (on the bonus cut Perfect Storm)[2] plus soul newcomer Taura 'Aura Jackson' Stinson. [3][4]

Music critic Robert Christgau has called Saadiq the "preeminent R&B artist of the '90s".[5]

Contents

Early life[link]

Saadiq was born in Oakland, California, the second-youngest of 14 siblings and half-siblings.[3] His early life was marked by tragedy; he experienced the deaths of several of his siblings as a young child. When Saadiq was seven years old, his brother was murdered. One of his brothers overdosed on heroin and another committed suicide because he was unable to deal with his addiction to the drug. His sister died as a result of a car crash during a police chase in a residential neighborhood. Saadiq states that he does not want his music to be reflective of the tragedies he experienced, saying that "And through all of that I was makin' records, but it wasn't comin' out in the music. I did it to kinda show people you can have some real tough things happen in your life, but you don't have to wear it on your sleeve."[3]

He has been playing the bass guitar since the age of six,[2] and first began singing at age nine in a local gospel group.[6][7] At the age of 12, he joined a group called "The Gospel Humminbirds". In 1984, shortly before his 18th birthday, Saadiq heard about tryouts in San Francisco for Sheila E.'s backing band on Prince's Parade Tour. At the audition, he chose the name "Raphael", and had difficulty remembering to respond to the name when he heard that he got the part to play bass in the band.[3] He says of the experience, "Next thing I was in Tokyo, in a stadium, singin' Erotic City. We were in huge venues with the biggest sound systems in the world; all these roadies throwin' me basses, and a bunch of models hangin' round Prince to party. For almost two years. That was my university."[3]

Career[link]

1987–99: Tony! Toni! Toné! and The Ummah[link]

As far back as his work with Tony! Toni! Toné!, Raphael Saadiq has been a singer of doubt, of psychic wounds, of romance undergoing a test.

Ken Tucker, on Saadiq's songwriting throughout his career.[8]

After returning to Oakland from touring with Prince, Saadiq began his professional career as the lead vocalist and bassist in the rhythm and blues and dance trio Tony! Toni! Toné! He used the name Raphael Wiggins while in Tony! Toni! Toné!, where he was joined by his brother Dwayne Wiggins, and his cousin Timothy Christian. In the mid-1990s, he adopted the last name Saadiq, which means "man of his word" in Arabic.[3] His change of surname led many to speculate that he had converted to Islam at that point; in reality, Saadiq is not a Muslim, but rather just liked the way "Saadiq" sounded and changed his last name simply to distinguish himself from and avoid potential confusion with his brother, Dwayne Wiggins.[9] As he confirmed by telling noted R&B writer Pete Lewis of the award-winning 'Blues & Soul' in May 2009, "I just wanted to have my own identity!"[10]

In 1995, Saadiq had his biggest solo hit to date, when "Ask of You", featured on the Higher Learning Soundtrack peaked at #19 on the Billboard Hot 100 and #2 on the R&B chart. In 1995, Saadiq produced and performed on Otis & Shug's debut album, We Can Do Whatever.

Tony! Toni! Toné! would become major R&B superstars throughout the late-1980s and 1990s. However, after the 1996 album entitled House of Musicfailed to duplicate the group's previous success, Tony! Toni! Toné! went their separate ways in 1997.

In 1997, Saadiq hooked up with EPMD for the tune "Da Joint".

1999–2004: Lucy Pearl and first string of solo albums[link]

In 1999, Saadiq's next big project became the R&B supergroup Lucy Pearl. He recorded the self-titled album with Dawn Robinson (En Vogue) and Ali Shaheed Muhammad (A Tribe Called Quest). The group only lasted for one album.

In 1999, he also collaborated with rapper Q-Tip on the single "Get Involved", from the animated television series The PJs. It samples The Intruders' 1973 song "I'll Always Love My Mama" and charted at number 21 on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks.[11]

His 2000 song collaboration "Untitled (How Does It Feel)" won D'Angelo a Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance; it was also nominated for Grammy Award for Best R&B Song.[12] The song was ranked #4 on Rolling Stone's "End of Year Critics & Readers Poll" of the top singles of 2000.[13] D'Angelo's album Voodoo won a Grammy Award for Best R&B Album at the 2001 Grammy Awards.

In 2002, Saadiq founded his own record label, Pookie Entertainment. Among the artists on the label are Joi and Truth Hurts. In 2002, he released his first solo album Instant Vintage, which earned him five Grammy Award nominations. He released a two-disc live album All the Hits at the House of Blues in 2003, and his second studio album Ray Ray in 2004, both on Pookie Entertainment.

2004–present: Expanded output and second string of albums[link]

Saadiq in 2009

In 2004, Saadiq produced a remix of the song "Crooked Nigga Too" by Tupac Shakur which is featured on the album Loyal To The Game. Other artists he has collaborated with include Whitney Houston, Mary J. Blige, The Isley Brothers, A Tribe Called Quest, Teedra Moses, The Roots, Erykah Badu, Jill Scott, Macy Gray, Angie Stone, Snoop Dogg, Devin the Dude, DJ Quik, Kelis, Q-Tip, Lil' Skeeter, Ludacris, The Bee Gees, Musiq Soulchild, Jaguar Wright, Chanté Moore, Lionel Richie, Marcus Miller, Noel Gourdin, Nappy Roots, Calvin Richardson, T-Boz from TLC, Floetry, Leela James, Amp Fiddler, John Legend, Joss Stone, Young Bellz, Anthony Hamilton, Babyface, Ledisi, Goapele, Ghostface Killah, Ginuwine, Stevie Wonder, Earth, Wind & Fire, Bilal, Chali 2na, Larry Graham,[2] Luniz as well as many others. In 2007, Saadiq produced Introducing Joss Stone, the third album of British soul singer Joss Stone.

Saadiq's third solo album, The Way I See It, released on Columbia Records on September 16, 2008, available in a collector's edition box set of 7" 45 rpm singles as well as on traditional CD, was critically well-received, made several critics' 2008 best albums lists, and garnered three Grammy nominations including Best R&B Performance By A Duo Or Group With Vocals (for "Never Give You Up", featuring Stevie Wonder & CJ Hilton); Best Traditional R&B Vocal Performance (for "Love That Girl") and Best R&B Album for The Way I See It. Music from The Way I See It was featured in the following motion pictures: Madea Goes To Jail, Bride Wars, Cadillac Records, Secret Life of Bees, In Fighting (Rogue), and It's Complicated.

Saadiq performing at the 2009 Stockholm Jazz Festival, promoting The Way I See It.

Touring with a nine piece band, Saadiq hit the 2009 summer music festival circuit with performances at Bonnaroo, Hollywood Bowl, Outside Lands, Pori Jazz Festival, Stockholm Jazz Festival, North Sea Jazz, Essence Music Festival, Summer Spirit Festival, and Nice Jazz Festival, Bumbershoot Music Festival and Austin City Limits. Saadiq has been touring Europe extensively, and held a five-night residency at the House of Blues in Tokyo, Japan in June 2009. In 2008, Saadiq formed a new label called Velma Records, a place where Raphael promises "people can express themselves like I did with The Way I See It... where they can dream something up and just go with it".[14]

He produced songs for LeToya Luckett's forthcoming second album Lady Love, released August 2009. In 2009, Saadiq produced "Please Stay" and "Love Never Changes" for Ledisi's August 2009 release "Turn Me Loose". Saadiq also was the executive producer for an emerging group called Tha Boogie. Tha Boogie's first EP was released on iTunes and is titled Love Tha Boogie, Vol. 1 (Steal This Sh*t).

In 2009, Saadiq announced his video game development company called IllFonic. The first video game in development by IllFonic is titled Ghetto Golf, with an expected release late in 2010. In 2009, Saadiq teamed up Bentley Kyle Evans, Jeff Franklin, Martin Lawrence, and Trenten Gumbs to create a new sitcom called Love That Girl! starring Tatyana Ali. Raphael is an executive producer and composer for Love That Girl!. The show is currently in development. In 2010, Saadiq sang as part of the chorus in the 2010 remake of "We Are the World" for Haiti.

Saadiq performing at South by Southwest in 2011, promoting Stone Rollin'.

In 2011, Saadiq was the guitarist/bandleader for the group backing Mick Jagger for Jagger's tribute performance of the Solomon Burke R&B classic, "Everybody Needs Somebody to Love" at the 53rd Grammy Awards in Los Angeles and on CBS. The band that accompanied the performance was Saadiq's touring band called Stone Rollin.[15] In 2011 he and his band performed as the ESPY's house band for the night, where he performed his latest compositions.

Saadiq's 2011 album Stone Rollin' was released to great critical acclaim.[16][17] "He’s always had a boyish enthusiasm for performing, and a flexible, naturally joyous voice that suggests a young Stevie Wonder," wrote Greg Kot of the Chicago Tribune, "but with his latest album, Saadiq finds a new gear. The album and his current tour demonstrate that there’s a big difference between retro and classic, and the artist consistently finds himself on the right side of that divide."[18] Kot ranked the album number seven in his year-end list, in which he dubbed it Saadiq's "finest achievement" and stated, "He’s always written songs steeped in soul and R&B, but now he gives them a progressive edge with roaming bass lines and haunted keyboard textures. He’s no longer a retro stylist – he’s writing new classics."[19] Critic Jim Derogatis called it "a stone cold gas of a party disc."[20]

In fall 2011, he performed on the fourth results show of Dancing with the Stars season 13. In December, 2011, he performed a cover compilation of several Neil Diamond songs at the Kennedy Center Honors award ceremony.

Discography[link]

Singles[link]

Year Song Chart positions Album
U.S. Hot 100 U.S. R&B U.S. Adult R&B UK[22] JP
1995 "Ask of You" 19 2 Higher Learning OST
1999 "Get Involved" (feat. Q-Tip) 67 21 36 The P.J.'s OST
2002 "Be Here" (feat. D'Angelo) 99 68 Instant Vintage
"Still Ray" 79
2004 "Rifle Love" (feat. Lucy Pearl & Tony! Toni! Toné!) Ray Ray
"Chic Like You" (feat. Allie Baba)
2005 "I Want You Back" (feat. Teedra Moses)
2008 "Love That Girl" 45 13 The Way I See It
"Big Easy" (feat. The Infamous Young Spodie & The Rebirth Brass Band)[23]
2009 "100 Yard Dash" 125
"Never Give You Up" (feat. Stevie Wonder & CJ Hilton) 26 4
"Let's Take a Walk"
"Staying in Love" 74 19
2011 "Radio" 115 Stone Rollin'
"Good Man"[24] 52 13
"Stone Rollin'"[25] 81
"Movin' Down the Line" 71 21
"Day Dreams"[26]
"—" denotes the single failed to chart or wasn't released.

Awards[link]

  • Grammy Awards
    • 2011, Best Traditional R&B Performance "Good Man" (nominated)
    • 2009, Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group "Never Give You Up" (nominated)
    • 2009, Best R&B Album The Way I See It (nominated)
    • 2009, Best Traditional R&B Vocal Performance "Love That Girl" (nominated)
    • 2007, Best Traditional R&B Vocal Performance "I Found My Everything" (nominated)
    • 2005, Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group "Show Me the Way" (nominated)
    • 2003, Best Urban/Alternative Performance "Be Here" (nominated)
    • 2003, Best R&B Song "Love of My Life (Ode to Hip-Hop)" (winner)
    • 2003, Best R&B Song "Be Here" (nominated)
    • 2003, Best R&B Album Instant Vintage (nominated)
    • 2003, Best Song Written for a Motion Picture of Television Special "Love of My Life (Ode to Hip-Hop)" (nominated)
    • 1995, Best R&B Song "Anniversary" (nominated)
  • Soul Train Awards
    • 2011, Centric Award (winner)
    • 2009, Best Male R&B/Soul Artist (nominated)

References[link]

  1. ^ Raphael Saadiq - Stone Rollin' - austriancharts.at. Hung Medien. Retrieved on 2011-04-13.
  2. ^ a b c Like A Rolling Stone - Raphael Saadiq Interview with Dan Dodds (aka Soul Jones) May 2011
  3. ^ a b c d e f Batey, Angus (2009-04-24). "One step back, two steps forward". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2009/apr/24/raphael-saadiq-interview. Retrieved 2010-12-31. 
  4. ^ Raphael Saadiq in-depth interview by Pete Lewis, 'Blues & Soul' April 2011
  5. ^ Christgau, Robert (October 2008). "Raphael Saadiq: The Way I See It". Blender (Alpha Media Group). http://www.robertchristgau.com/xg/bl/saadiq-08.php. Retrieved 2012-03-30. 
  6. ^ Perry, Clayton (2008-11-27). "Interview: Raphael Saadiq – Singer, Songwriter and Producer". Blog Critics. http://blogcritics.org/music/article/interview-raphael-saadiq-singer-songwriter-and/page-4/. Retrieved 2010-12-31. 
  7. ^ Buskin, Richard (June 2009). "Raphael Saadiq: Producing The Way I See It". Sound on Sound. http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/jun09/articles/saadiq.htm. Retrieved 2010-12-31. 
  8. ^ Bianculli, David; Tucker, Ken (October 10, 2008). "Saadiq Revisits R&B Past In 'The Way I See It'". Fresh Air. Transcript. NPR. WHYY-FM. http://www.npr.org/player/v2/mediaPlayer.html?action=1&t=1&islist=false&id=95597193&m=95600117. Retrieved 2012-04-07. 
  9. ^ Lorez, Jeff. "Raphael Saadiq 2008 Interview". SoulMusic.com. http://www.soulmusic.com/rasa20in.html. Retrieved 2008-09-27. 
  10. ^ Lewis, Pete. "This Year's Vintage - Pete Lewis Interviews Raphael Saadiq". Blues & Soul. Blues & Soul. http://www.bluesandsoul.com/feature/409/raphael_saadiq_this_years_vintage. Retrieved 2009-09-10. 
  11. ^ Whitburn, Joel (December 1, 2004). Top R and B/Hip-Hop Singles, 1942-2004 (5, illustrated ed.). Record Research Inc.. p. 507. ISBN 0-89820-160-8. 
  12. ^ Tower.com: Voodoo (EXPLICIT) (CD) by D'Angelo (Artist) Music. Tower.com. Retrieved on 2008-08-08.
  13. ^ Rolling Stone End of year Critic & Readers lists. www.rocklist.net. Retrieved on 2008-08-08.
  14. ^ Dodds, Dan. "Exclusive UK Interview "INNERVISIONS: Raphael Saadiq talks to Soul Jones"". http://souljoneswords.blogspot.com/2011/05/innervisions-raphael-saadiq-interview.html. 
  15. ^ "Mick Jagger Added To GRAMMY Lineup". grammy.com. National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. February 3, 2011. http://www.grammy.com/news/mick-jagger-added-to-grammy-lineup. Retrieved February 3, 2011. 
  16. ^ Myers, Gina. "Motown Revival – A Review of Raphael Saadiq’s Stone Rollin’". Frontier Psychiatrist. http://frontpsych.com/2011/05/10/motown-revival-a-review-of-raphael-saadiqs-stone-rollin/. Retrieved 2011-05-10. 
  17. ^ Bentley, Jason. "First Listen: Raphael Saadiq, 'Stone Rollin". NPR. http://www.npr.org/2011/05/01/135768916/first-listen-raphael-saadiq-stone-rollin/. Retrieved 2011-05-13. 
  18. ^ "Concert review: Raphael Saadiq at Park West". Chicago Tribune. 2011-06-04. http://leisureblogs.chicagotribune.com/turn_it_up/2011/06/concert-review-raphael-saadiq-at-park-west.html. 
  19. ^ Kot, Greg (December 2, 2011). "Top albums of 2011; Wild Flag top album of 2011". Chicago Tribune. Tribune Company. http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/music/turnitup/chi-top-albums-of-2011-wild-flag-top-album-of-2011-20111202,0,5245883.column. Retrieved 2011-12-25. 
  20. ^ "Album review: Raphael Saadiq, "Stone Rollin’" (Columbia)". http://www.wbez.org/blog/jim-derogatis/2011-06-06/album-review-raphael-saadiq-%E2%80%9Cstone-rollin%E2%80%99%E2%80%9D-columbia-87457. 
  21. ^ "The Official Raphael Saadiq Site". Raphael Saadiq. http://www.raphaelsaadiq.com/?p=2579. Retrieved 2012-04-24. 
  22. ^ Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 478. ISBN 1-904994-10-5. 
  23. ^ "Big Easy (Album Version): Raphael Saadiq featuring The Infamous Young Spodie and the Rebirth Brass Band: MP3 Downloads". Amazon.com. http://www.amazon.com/dp/B001EWIFPU. Retrieved 2012-04-24. 
  24. ^ "Urban/UAC Future Releases | R&B, Hip Hop, Release Schedule and Street Dates |". Allaccess.com. http://www.allaccess.com/urban/future-releases. Retrieved 2012-04-24. 
  25. ^ "iTunes - Music - Stone Rollin' - Single by Raphael Saadiq". Itunes.apple.com. 2011-02-15. http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/stone-rollin-single/id418914236. Retrieved 2012-04-24. 
  26. ^ "Raphael Saadiq - Day Dreams | FMC Hits". Fmchits.nl. 2011-09-12. http://www.fmchits.nl/songs/raphael-saadiq/day-dreams. Retrieved 2012-04-24. 

External links[link]

(FR)

http://wn.com/Raphael_Saadiq

Related pages:

http://ru.wn.com/Рафаэл Садик

http://fr.wn.com/Raphael Saadiq

http://nl.wn.com/Raphael Saadiq

http://de.wn.com/Raphael Saadiq

http://it.wn.com/Raphael Saadiq




This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raphael_Saadiq

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.


Nick Lowe

Lowe performing at the Kursaal in November 2008
Background information
Birth name Nicholas Drain Lowe
Born (1949-03-24) 24 March 1949 (age 63)
Walton-on-Thames, Surrey, England
Genres Rock, pub rock, New Wave,[1] Power Pop[1]
Occupations Musician, singer-songwriter
Instruments Vocals, guitar, piano/keyboards, bass
Years active 1966–present
Labels Columbia Records, Demon Records, F-Beat Records, Radar Records, Reprise Records, Upstart Records, Yep Roc Records, Stiff Records, Proper Records (current).
Associated acts Brinsley Schwarz, Rockpile, Elvis Costello, The Attractions, The Imposters, Huey Lewis and the News, Noise To Go, The Cowboy Outfit, Johnny Cash, Little Village, Bill Kirchen
Website nicklowe.net

Nicholas Drain "Nick" Lowe (born 24 March 1949), is an English singer-songwriter, musician and producer.

A pivotal figure in UK pub rock, punk rock and new wave,[1][2] Lowe has recorded a string of well-reviewed solo albums. Along with vocals, Lowe plays guitar, bass guitar, piano and harmonica. He is best known for his songs "Cruel to Be Kind" (a US Top 40 single), and "I Love the Sound of Breaking Glass" (a top 10 UK hit), as well as his production work with Elvis Costello, Graham Parker, and others. Lowe also wrote "(What's So Funny 'Bout) Peace, Love, and Understanding", a hit for Costello.[3] He currently lives in Brentford, London, England.

Contents

Career history[link]

Songwriter[link]

Nick's best-known songs (mostly known for cover versions) include:

Producer[link]

Lowe produced Elvis Costello's first five albums, including My Aim Is True, This Year's Model, and Armed Forces. He also produced The Damned's first single, "New Rose", considered the first English punk single, as well as the group's debut album, Damned Damned Damned.

His early 'rough and ready' production style earned him the nickname Basher (as in 'bash it out now, tart it up later'). Upon moving from Stiff to Jake Riviera's Radar and F-Beat labels, Lowe became selective in his choice of production tasks.

Bands[link]

Influence[link]

A 2011 article in The New York Times starts "The 40-year career of the English singer-songwriter Nick Lowe constitutes a paradox: the songs he has written are better known than he is."[3]

Some musicians claim to have been influenced by Lowe. Alex Turner, of the Arctic Monkeys, said that he is 'blown away' and 'back to square one' by Lowe's songwriting[4]

Biography[link]

Lowe attended the independent Woodbridge School in Suffolk[5] and he began his musical career in 1967, when he joined the band Kippington Lodge, with his school friend Brinsley Schwarz. They released a few singles on the Parlophone record label as Kippington Lodge before they renamed the band Brinsley Schwarz in late 1969, and began performing country and blues-rock. Lowe wrote some of his best-known compositions while a member of Brinsley Schwarz, including "(What's So Funny 'Bout) Peace, Love, and Understanding", a hit for Elvis Costello in 1979, and "Cruel to Be Kind", a solo hit for Lowe in 1979.[6]

After leaving Brinsley Schwarz in 1975, Lowe began playing in Rockpile with Dave Edmunds. In August 1976, Lowe released "So It Goes" b/w "Heart of the City", the first single on the Stiff Records label where he was an in-house producer.[6] The single and thus the label was funded by a loan of £400 from Dr. Feelgood's Lee Brilleaux. The label's first EP was Lowe's 1977 four-track release Bowi, apparently named in response to David Bowie's contemporaneous LP Low. (The joke was repeated when Lowe produced The Rumour's album Max as an 'answer' to Fleetwood Mac's Rumours). Lowe continued producing albums on Stiff and other labels. In 1977 he produced Dr. Feelgood's album, Be Seeing You, which included his own song, "That's It, I Quit". The following year's Dr. Feelgood album, Private Practice, contained a song Lowe jointly penned with Gypie Mayo – "Milk and Alcohol". Along with "I Love The Sound of Breaking Glass", "Milk and Alcohol" is one of only two Lowe compositions to ever reach the Top 10 of the UK Singles Chart.[7]

Because the two main singers in Rockpile had recording contracts with different record labels and managers, albums were always credited to either Lowe or Edmunds, so there is only one official Rockpile album, which was not released until the waning days of the collaboration: 1980's Seconds of Pleasure, featuring the Lowe songs "When I Write The Book" and "Heart". However, two of the pair's most significant solo albums from the period; Lowe's Labour of Lust and Edmunds' Repeat When Necessary, were effectively Rockpile albums (as was Carlene Carter's Lowe-produced Musical Shapes album).

Lowe was quoted as saying that he had "escaped from the tyranny of the snare drum" in No Depression, (September–October 2001) when explaining his move away from regular pop music that would get played on mainstream radio.[citation needed]

Other well-known Lowe songs include "I Love The Sound of Breaking Glass", "All Men Are Liars", and Cruel to Be Kind, co-written with Ian Gomm and originally recorded with Brinsley Schwarz, a re-recording of which was his only US Top 40 hit, reaching #12 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1979.[6]

In 1979, Lowe married country singer Carlene Carter, daughter of fellow country singers Carl Smith and June Carter Cash and stepdaughter of Johnny Cash.[8] He adopted her daughter, Tiffany Anastasia Lowe. The marriage ended in 1990, but they remained friends, and Lowe remained close to the Carter/Cash family. He played and recorded with Johnny Cash, and Cash recorded several of Lowe's songs.

After the demise of Rockpile, Lowe toured for a period with his band Noise To Go and later with The Cowboy Outfit, which also included the noted keyboard player Paul Carrack. Lowe was also a member of the short-lived mainly studio project Little Village with John Hiatt, Ry Cooder and Jim Keltner, who originally got together to record Hiatt's 1987 album Bring the Family.[6]

In 1992, "(What's So Funny 'Bout) Peace, Love, and Understanding" was covered by Curtis Stigers on the soundtrack album to The Bodyguard, an album that sold about 44 million copies world-wide.[3]

A New York Daily News article[9] quoted Lowe as saying his greatest fear in recent years was "sticking with what you did when you were famous". "I didn't want to become one of those thinning-haired, jowly old geezers who still does the same shtick they did when they were young, slim and beautiful," he said. "That's revolting and rather tragic." Rock critic Jim Farber observed: "Lowe's recent albums, epitomised by the new At My Age, moved him out of the realms of ironic pop and animated rock and into the role of a worldly balladeer, specialising in grave vocals and graceful tunes. Lowe's four most recent solo albums mine the wealth of American roots music, drawing on vintage country, soul and R&B to create an elegant mix of his own."

In 2008, Yep Roc and Proper Records released a thirtieth anniversary edition of Lowe's first solo album Jesus of Cool (entitled Pure Pop for Now People in the US with a slightly different track listing). The re-issue includes tracks from the British and American releases in addition to several bonus tracks. In March 2009, he released a 49 track CD/DVD compilation of songs which spanned his entire career. Proper Records released it in the UK and Europe, entitled Quiet Please... The New Best of Nick Lowe.

In September 2010 Yep Roc issued The Impossible Bird, Dig My Mood and The Convincer on vinyl for the first time, and after a one-night reunion concert with Elvis Costello in October in San Francisco,[10] Lowe embarked on his first non-solo United States tour "this millennium." His backing band comprised Geraint Watkins (keyboards), Robert Treherne (drums), Johnny Scott (guitar) and Matt Radford (bass). In March 2011, Yep Roc reissued Lowe's 1979 solo album Labour of Lust.[11]

Lowe played Glastonbury 2011, performing a short solo set of Brinsley Schwarz tracks on The Spirit Of 71 stage, where they played back in 1971, before heading to the Acoustic Stage for a full band show.

Lowe performed as an opening act for Wilco in their North American tour, September 2011. He performed solo with acoustic guitar.

Lowe is married to Peta Waddington, a designer and DJ. The couple have a son, Roy Lowe, who was born in 2005.

Discography[link]

Lowe performing with Rockpile in 1980

Studio albums[link]

Live albums[link]

Singles[link]

Release date Title Chart Positions Notes
UK Singles Chart[12] Australia Canada US Hot 100
1976 "So It Goes" The first ever Stiff Records label single. The song was featured in the movies Rock 'n' Roll High School and Adventureland.
1976 "Keep It Out of Sight" Holland-only release, b/w "(I've Been Taking the) Truth Drug".
1977 "The Bowi EP" 7" EP. Tracks: "Born a Woman" / "Shake that Rat" / "Marie Provost" / "Endless Sleep"
1977 "Halfway to Paradise"
1978 "I Love the Sound of Breaking Glass" 7 The first ever Radar Records label single
1978 "Little Hitler"
1978 "American Squirm" B-side featured the Elvis Costello and the Attractions version of "(What's So Funny 'Bout) Peace, Love, and Understanding"
1979 "Crackin' Up" 34
1979 "Cruel to Be Kind" 12 12 12 12 This is not a typo – "Cruel to Be Kind" coincidentally peaked at #12 in all four countries.
1979 "Switch Board Susan" 81 North American-only release.
1980 Rockpile:
"Teacher Teacher"
83 31 51
1982 "Stick It Where the Sun Don't Shine" 35
1982 "Burning"
1982 "My Heart Hurts"
1983 "Ragin' Eyes"
1983 "Wish You Were Here" US-only release.
1984 "Half a Boy and Half a Man" 53 66
1984 "L.A.F.S"
1985 "I Knew the Bride (When She Used to Rock 'n' Roll)" 26 77
1987 "Lovers Jamboree" US-only release.
1990 "All Men Are Liars" 76
1994 "True Love Travels on a Gravel Road"
1993 "I Live on a Battlefield"
1997 "You Inspire Me"
2001 "She's Got Soul"

[6]

EPs[link]

  • Bowi, 7" 45 rpm (Stiff 1977)
  • Nick Lowe & Dave Edmunds Sing the Everly Brothers, 7" 33⅓ rpm (F-Beat/Columbia 1980)[6]

Compilation albums[link]

Other appearances[link]

Tributes[link]

  • Labour of Love: The Music of Nick Lowe (Telarc, 2001) (features Dar Williams, Tom Petty, and Elvis Costello, among others).
  • Lowe Profile: A Tribute To Nick Lowe (Brewery, 2005) (two-disc, 30 song collection featuring Dave Alvin, Foster & Lloyd, Ian Gomm, among others).
  • 5 songs on "The Stiff Generation: If it Ain't Stiff it Ain't Worth a Tribute" (Groove Disques, 2002).
  • 5 songs on "Happy Doing What We're Doing" (Freedom [City Hall], 2005) by Elizabeth McQueen and the Firebrands.

Uses in media[link]

  • "Without Love" from the album "Labour of Lust" appeared on the soundtrack of the film "Americathon".
  • "(I Love the Sound of) Breaking Glass" was used on the soundtrack album of the film "That Summer".
  • His recording of "So It Goes" appeared on the soundtrack of the Roger Corman movie "Rock 'N' Roll High School", which featured the Ramones.
  • "We Want Action" from the album "The Abominable Showman" appeared on the soundtrack of the film "Easy Money".
  • An original song "Little Cat (You've Never had it So Good)" was written for the British rock opera film "Absolute Beginners", which starred David Bowie and Sade.
  • The music video for "All Men Are Liars" was featured in The Brothers Grunt episode "The Ugly Gruntling".
  • His recording of "The Beast in Me" was used in the pilot episode of The Sopranos.
  • The song "All Men Are Liars" was featured in the Australian film All Men Are Liars written and directed by Gerard Lee and starring Toni Pearen, David Price and John Jarratt.

References[link]

  1. ^ a b c Cruel to be kind of old "The man originally known as one of the architects of the new wave sound of the '70s – having served as house producer for the legendary Stiff Records, as a pioneer of neo-power pop in his solo albums" New York Daily News 17 June 2007
  2. ^ Allmusic genre New Wave
  3. ^ a b c Larry Rohter (14 September 2011). "Return of the Man Who Used to Rock". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/14/arts/music/nick-lowe-back-with-a-new-album-that-old-magic.html. Retrieved 14 September 2011. 
  4. ^ "The Arctic Monkeys’ Alex Turner gives props to Nick | It's OK to Like Nick Lowe". Itsoktolikenicklowe.com. 2011-07-08. http://itsoktolikenicklowe.com/arctic-monkeys-give-props-to-nick. Retrieved 2012-04-14. 
  5. ^ Great British Life Norfolk Independent Schools. Retrieved 8 January 2012
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h Strong, Martin C. (2000). The Great Rock Discography (5th ed.). Edinburgh: Mojo Books. pp. 588–589. ISBN 1-84195-017-3. 
  7. ^ Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 162. ISBN 1-904994-10-5. 
  8. ^ Tobler, John (1992). NME Rock 'N' Roll Years (1st ed.). London: Reed International Books Ltd. p. 329. CN 5585. 
  9. ^ "Cruel to be kind of old" by Jim Farber, New York Daily News, 17 June 2007
  10. ^ "Nick Lowe: the true blue Basher shows up for a friend". The Fortnightly Review. 18 December 2010. http://fortnightlyreview.co.uk/2010/12/nick-lowe-the-true-blue-basher-shows-up-for-a-friend/. Retrieved 18 December 2010. 
  11. ^ "Nick Lowe touring w/ full band, playing 4 NY shows (dates)". Brooklyn Vegan. 30 August 2010. http://www.brooklynvegan.com/archives/2010/08/nick_lowe_touri.html. Retrieved 5 September 2010. 
  12. ^ Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 332. ISBN 1-904994-10-5. 

External links[link]

http://wn.com/Nick_Lowe

Related pages:

http://ru.wn.com/Лоу, Ник

http://fr.wn.com/Nick Lowe

http://nl.wn.com/Nick Lowe

http://pt.wn.com/Nick Lowe

http://de.wn.com/Nick Lowe

http://it.wn.com/Nick Lowe




This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Lowe

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.


Lady Gaga
Portrait of a young, pale-skinned Caucasian female with blond hair
Lady Gaga performing on The Monster Ball Tour in 2010
Background information
Birth name Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta
Born (1986-03-28) March 28, 1986 (age 26)
New York, New York, U.S.
Genres Pop, dance, electronic
Occupations Singer-songwriter, performance artist, record producer, dancer, businesswoman, activist
Instruments Vocals, piano, keyboards
Years active 2005–present
Labels Def Jam, Cherrytree, Streamline, Kon Live, Interscope
Website

LadyGaga.com


Ladygaga sig.svg
Lady Gaga's signature

Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta (/ˈstɛfən ʌrməˈnɑːtə/ STE-fə-nee jurr-mə-NAH-tə; born March 28, 1986), known by her stage name Lady Gaga, is an American singer and songwriter. Born and raised in New York City, she primarily studied at the Convent of the Sacred Heart and briefly attended New York University's Tisch School of the Arts before withdrawing to focus on her musical career. She began performing in the rock music scene of Manhattan's Lower East Side, and was signed with Streamline Records by the end of 2007. During her employment as a songwriter for the record company, her vocal abilities captured the attention of recording artist Akon, who signed her to his label Kon Live Distribution.

Lady Gaga came to prominence as a recording artist following the release of her debut album The Fame (2008), which was a critical and commercial success that topped charts around the world and included the international number-one singles "Just Dance" and "Poker Face". After embarking on the The Fame Ball Tour, she followed the album with The Fame Monster (2009), which spawned the worldwide hit singles "Bad Romance", "Telephone" and "Alejandro". The album's success allowed her to embark on the eighteen-month long Monster Ball Tour, which later became one of the highest-grossing concert tours of all time. Her most recent album Born This Way (2011) topped the charts of most major markets and generated more international chart-topping singles, including "Born This Way", "Judas" and "The Edge of Glory". Besides her musical career, she involves herself with humanitarian causes and LGBT activism.

Influenced by David Bowie, Michael Jackson, Madonna and Queen, Lady Gaga is recognized for her flamboyant, diverse and outré contributions to the music industry through her fashion, performances and music videos. She has sold an estimated 23 million albums and 64 million singles worldwide, making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time and her singles are some of the best selling worldwide.[1] Her achievements include five Grammy Awards and 13 MTV Video Music Awards. Lady Gaga has consecutively appeared on Billboard magazine's Artists of the Year (scoring the definitive title in 2010), ranked fourth in VH1's list of 100 Greatest Women in Music, is regularly placed on lists composed by Forbes magazine and was named one of the most influential people in the world by Time magazine.[2][3] In 2012, Gaga was ranked at number four on Billboard's list of top moneymakers of 2011, grossing more than $25 million.[4]

Contents

Biography[link]

1986–2004: Early life[link]

Manhattan's Upper West Side, where Gaga grew up, has been an inspiration for many of her songs.

Lady Gaga was born Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta on March 28, 1986 in New York City to parents Cynthia (née Bissett) and Joseph Germanotta, an Internet entrepreneur.[5][6] Descending from Italian and more distant French-Canadian roots, Gaga is the elder of two children.[7][8] Her sister, Natali, a fashion student, was born in 1992.[9][10] Despite her seemingly affluent upbringing in the family home in Manhattan's Upper West Side, Gaga has stressed that she did not come from a wealthy background, stating that her parents "both came from lower-class families, so we've worked for everything—my mother worked eight to eight out of the house, in telecommunications, and so did my father."[11][12]

From the age of 11, Gaga – who was raised Roman Catholic – attended the Convent of the Sacred Heart, a private all-girls Roman Catholic school on Manhattan's Upper East Side.[13][14][15] She described her academic life in high school as "very dedicated, very studious, very disciplined" but also "a bit insecure": "I used to get made fun of for being either too provocative or too eccentric, so I started to tone it down. I didn't fit in, and I felt like a freak."[16][17] Acquaintances dispute that she did not fit in at school. "She had a core group of friends; she was a good student. She liked boys a lot, but singing was No. 1," recalled a former high school classmate.[18] Gaga began playing the piano at the age of 4, went on to write her first piano ballad at 13, and started to perform at open mike nights by the age of 14.[19][20] Her passion for musical theatre brought her lead roles in high school productions, including Adelaide in Guys and Dolls and Philia in A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum.[21] She also appeared in a very small role as a mischievous classmate in the television drama series The Sopranos in a 2001 episode titled "The Telltale Moozadell" in addition to unsuccessfully auditioning for parts in New York shows.[11][22]

When her time at the Convent of the Sacred Heart came to an end, her mother encouraged her to apply for the Collaborative Arts Project 21 (CAP21), a musical theatre training conservatory at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts.[11] After becoming one of twenty students to gain early admission, she eventually lived in an NYU dorm on 11th Street by the age of 17.[21] CAP21 prepared her for her future career focus in "music, art, sex and celebrity" where, in addition to sharpening her songwriting skills, she composed essays and analytical papers on art, religion, social issues and politics, including a thesis on pop artists Spencer Tunick and Damien Hirst.[20][23][24] With CAP21, she also tried out for and won auditions, including the part of an unsuspecting diner customer for MTV's Boiling Points, a prank reality television show.[11][25] But Gaga felt more creative than some of her classmates. "Once you learn how to think about art, you can teach yourself," she said.

2005–07: Career beginnings[link]

Gaga (right) performing with Lady Starlight (left) at Lollapalooza 2007

Gaga withdrew from CAP21 at 19, in the second semester of her sophomore year, deciding to focus on her musical career.[26] Her father agreed to pay her rent for a year, on the condition that she re-enroll at Tisch if unsuccessful. "I left my entire family, got the cheapest apartment I could find, and ate shit until somebody would listen," she remembers.[21] Settled in a small apartment on Rivington Street towards the summer of 2005, Gaga recorded a couple of songs with hip-hop singer Grandmaster Melle Mel, for an audio book accompanying the children's book The Portal in the Park, by Cricket Casey.[11][27] She also began a band called the Stefani Germanotta Band (SGBand) with some friends from NYU – guitarist Calvin Pia, bassist Eli Silverman, drummer Alex Beckham and booking manager Frank Fredericks – in September of that year.[11][21] The band played a mixture of songs: some self-penned alongside classic rock numbers like Led Zeppelin's "D'yer Mak'er".[11] Playing in bars like the Greenwich Village's The Bitter End and the Lower East Side's the Mercury Lounge, the band developed a small fan base and caught the eye of music producer Joe Vulpis.[11] Soon after arranging time in Vulpis' studio in the months that followed, SGBand were selling their extended plays Words and Red and Blue (both 2005) at gigs around New York while becoming a local fixture of the downtown Lower East Side club scene.[21]

SGBand reached their career peak at the 2006 Songwriters Hall of Fame New Songwriters Showcase at The Cutting Room in June where Wendy Starland, a musician, appeared as a talent scout for music producer Rob Fusari. Starland informed Fusari – who was searching for a female singer to front a new band – of Gaga's ability and contacted her. With SGBand disbanded, Gaga traveled daily to New Jersey to work on songs she had written and compose new material with the music producer.[11] While in collaboration, Fusari compared some of her vocal harmonies to those of Freddie Mercury, lead singer of Queen.[28] It was Fusari who helped create the moniker Gaga after the Queen song "Radio Ga Ga". Gaga was in the process of trying to come up with a stage name when she received a text message from Fusari that read "Lady Gaga."[29] He explained, "Every day, when Stef came to the studio, instead of saying hello, I would start singing 'Radio Ga Ga'. That was her entrance song" and that the text message was the result of a predictive text glitch that changed "radio" to "lady". She texted back, "That's it," and declared, "Don't ever call me Stefani again."[29][30] The New York Post, however, has reported that this story is incorrect, and that the name resulted from a marketing meeting.[18]

Full right profile of a young blond woman, surrounded by sitting spectators in a pub. She wears a black leotard and her long hair falls around her side. With her right hand she holds a pair of video sunglasses to her eyes.
Gaga performing in a bar, sporting one of her earlier looks (2008)

Although the musical relationship between Fusari and Gaga was unsuccessful at first, the pair soon set up a company titled Team Lovechild in which they recorded and produced electropop tracks and sent them to music industry bosses.[11] Joshua Sarubin, the head of A&R at Def Jam Recordings, responded positively and vied for the record company to take a chance on her "unusual and provocative" performance. After having his boss Antonio "L.A." Reid in agreement, Gaga was signed to Def Jam in September 2006 with the intention of having an album ready in nine months.[11] However, she was dropped by the label after only three months – an unfortunate period of her life that would later inspire her treatment for the music video for her 2011 single "Marry the Night".[31][32] Devastated, Gaga returned to the solace of the family home for Christmas and the nightlife culture of the Lower East Side.[11]

She became increasingly experimental: fascinating herself with emerging neo-burlesque shows, go-go dancing at bars dressed in little more than a bikini in addition to experimenting with drugs.[11][14] Her father, however, did not understand the reason behind her drug intake and could not look at her for several months.[14][30] "I was onstage in a thong, with a fringe hanging over my ass thinking that had covered it, lighting hairsprays on fire, go-go dancing to Black Sabbath and singing songs about oral sex. The kids would scream and cheer and then we'd all go grab a beer. It represented freedom to me. I went to a Catholic school but it was on the New York underground that I found myself."[23] It was then when she became romantically involved with a heavy metal drummer in a relationship and break-up she likened to the musical film Grease: "I was his Sandy, and he was my Danny, and I just broke." He later became an inspiration behind some of her later songs.[33]

During this time, she met performance artist Lady Starlight, who helped mold her on-stage persona.[34] Starlight explained that, upon their first meeting, Gaga wanted to perform with her to songs she had recorded with Fusari. Like SGBand, the pair soon began performing at many of the downtown club venues like the Mercury Lounge, The Bitter End, and the Rockwood Music Hall. Their live performance art piece was known as "Lady Gaga and the Starlight Revue" and, billed as "The Ultimate Pop Burlesque Rockshow", was a low-fi tribute to 1970s variety acts.[35][36] Soon after, the two were invited to play at the 2007 Lollapalooza music festival in August that year.[37] The show was critically acclaimed, and their performance received positive reviews.[20][35] Having initially focused on avant-garde electronic dance music, Gaga had found her musical niche when she began to incorporate pop melodies and the glam rock of David Bowie and Queen into her music.[38]

While Gaga and Starlight were busy performing, producer Rob Fusari continued to work on the songs he had created with Gaga. Fusari sent these songs to his friend, producer and record executive Vincent Herbert.[39] Herbert was quick to sign her to his label Streamline Records, an imprint of Interscope Records, upon its establishment in 2007.[40] Gaga later credited Herbert as the man who discovered her, adding "I really feel like we made pop history, and we're gonna keep going."[39] Having served as an apprentice songwriter under an internship at Famous Music Publishing, which was later acquired by Sony/ATV Music Publishing, Gaga subsequently struck a music publishing deal with Sony/ATV.[41] As a result, she was hired to write songs for Britney Spears and labelmates New Kids on the Block, Fergie, and the Pussycat Dolls.[41] At Interscope, singer-songwriter Akon recognized her vocal abilities when she sang a reference vocal for one of his tracks in studio.[42] Akon then convinced Interscope-Geffen-A&M Chairman and CEO Jimmy Iovine to form a joint deal by having her also sign with his own label Kon Live, making her his "franchise player."[31][43]

As 2007 came to a close, her former management company introduced her to songwriter and producer RedOne, whom they also managed.[44] The first song she produced with RedOne was "Boys Boys Boys", a mash-up inspired by Mötley Crüe's "Girls, Girls, Girls" and AC/DC's "T.N.T.".[30][44] Gaga continued her collaboration with RedOne in the recording studio for a week on her debut album and also joined the roster of Cherrytree Records, an Interscope imprint established by producer and songwriter Martin Kierszenbaum, after co-writing four songs with Kierszenbaum including the singles "Christmas Tree" and "Eh, Eh (Nothing Else I Can Say)".[41] Despite her secure record deal, she admitted that there was fear about her being too "racy", "dance-orientated" and "underground" for the mainstream market. Her response: "My name is Lady Gaga, I've been on the music scene for years, and I'm telling you, this is what's next."[15]

[edit] 2008–10: The Fame and The Fame Monster

Gaga performing at The Fame Ball Tour in 2009

By 2008, Gaga had relocated to Los Angeles in order to work extensively with her record label to complete her debut album and set up her own creative team Haus of Gaga, modeled on Andy Warhol's Factory.[30][45] The Fame was first released on August 19, 2008 to slow radio play. Gaga supported it by performing around Europe and in small gay clubs around the US in addition to being billed as a supporting artist on the North American leg of New Kids on the Block's reunion concert tour.[46][47] A sleeper hit, lead single "Just Dance" had preceded the album's release by four months but only hit the summit of the international charts in January 2009, provoking the instant success of the album, earning her first Grammy Award nomination (for Best Dance Recording) and becoming one of the best-selling singles worldwide.[46][48] Gaga achieved a greater unexpected success when "Poker Face", another sleeper hit, reached number one in most major music markets worldwide in early 2009, selling 9.8 million singles worldwide.[49][50] The follow-up single won the award for Best Dance Recording at the 52nd Grammy Awards over nominations for Song of the Year and Record of the Year.

The Fame itself was nominated for Album of the Year while winning Best Dance/Electronica Album at the same ceremony.[51] Contemporary critics lauded the album, describing it as an exploration of her obsession with fame and the intricacies of a rich and famous lifestyle, noting its combination of genres "from Def Leppard drums and hand claps to metal drums on urban tracks", the inspiration drawn from 1980s synthpop and incorporation of dance music with clear hooks.[31] The Fame went to number one in Austria, Canada, Germany, Ireland, Switzerland and the UK and appeared in the top five in Australia, the US and 15 other countries.[52][53] It also stayed atop the Dance/Electronic Albums chart for 106 non-consecutive weeks and, since its release, has sold over 12 million copies worldwide.[54] The album's success spawned many 2009 honors including Billboard magazine's Rising Star award and the accumulation of 3 of 9 MTV Video Music Awards nominations, winning Best New Artist with the video for her single "Paparazzi" gaining Best Art Direction and Best Special Effects.[55][56] In addition to being an opening act on the Pussycat Dolls' Doll Domination Tour during the first half of 2009 in Europe and Oceania, she also embarked on her own six-month critically appreciated worldwide concert tour The Fame Ball Tour which ran from March to September 2009.[57][58]

While she traveled the globe, she wrote The Fame Monster, an EP of eight songs released in November 2009. Each song, dealing with the darker side of fame from personal experience, is expressed through a monster metaphor. Making Gaga the first artist in digital history to have three singles (alongside "Just Dance" and "Poker Face") to pass the four million mark in digital sales, its lead single "Bad Romance" topped the charts in eighteen countries and reached the top two in the US, Australia and New Zealand while accruing the Grammy Awards for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance and Best Short Form Music Video.[59] The second single "Telephone", which features singer Beyoncé, was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals and became Gaga's fourth UK number one single; its accompanying music video, although controversial, received positive reception from contemporary critics who praised her for "the musicality and showmanship of Michael Jackson and the powerful sexuality and provocative instincts of Madonna."[60][61] Her following single "Alejandro" paired Gaga with fashion photographer Steven Klein for a music video similarly as controversial – critics complimented its ideas and dark nature but the Catholic League attacked Gaga for her alleged use of blasphemy.[62] Despite the controversy surrounding her music videos, they made Gaga the first artist to gain over one billion viral views on video-sharing website YouTube.[63] At the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards, Gaga won 8 of her 13 nominations, including Video of the Year for "Bad Romance" (with "Telephone" also nominated), which made her the first female artist to be nominated twice for the award.[64][65] In addition, The Fame Monster garnered a total of six nominations at the 53rd Grammy Awards – equating to the amount of Grammy nominations her debut received – winning Best Pop Vocal Album and earning her a second-consecutive nomination for Album of the Year.[66][67]

 Profile of a young blond woman. Her hair falls in waves up to her shoulders. She wears a purple leotard with visible sequins attached. Ample bosom, arm and leg are visible.
Gaga performing at The Monster Ball Tour in 2010

The success of the album allowed Gaga to start her second worldwide concert tour, The Monster Ball Tour, just weeks after the release of The Fame Monster and months after having finished The Fame Ball Tour.[68] Upon finishing in May 2011, the critically acclaimed and commercially accomplished tour ran for over one and a half years and grossed $227.4 million, making it one of the highest-grossing concert tours of all time and the highest-grossing for a debut headlining artist.[69] Concerts performed at Madison Square Garden in New York City were filmed for a HBO television special titled Lady Gaga Presents the Monster Ball Tour: At Madison Square Garden. The special accrued one of its five Emmy Award nominations and has since been released on DVD and Blu-ray.[70] Gaga also performed songs from the album at international events such as the 2009 Royal Variety Performance where she sang "Speechless", a power ballad, in the presence of Queen Elizabeth II; the 52nd Grammy Awards where her opening performance consisted of the song "Poker Face" and a piano duet of "Speechless" in a medley of "Your Song" with Elton John; and the 2010 BRIT Awards where a performance of an acoustic rendition of "Telephone" followed by "Dance in the Dark" dedicated to the late fashion designer and close friend, Alexander McQueen, supplemented her hat-trick win at the awards ceremony.[71] Other performances may have included her participation in Michael Jackson's This Is It concert series at London's O2 Arena. "I was actually asked to open for Michael on his tour," she stated. "We were going to open for him at the O2 and we were working on making it happen. I believe there was some talk about us, lots of the openers, doing duets with Michael on stage."[72]

In 2009 she collaborated with consumer electronic company Monster Cable Products to create a pair of in-ear jewel-encrusted headphones titled Heartbeats. "They are designed to be the first ever fashion accessories that double as the absolute best sonically sounding headphones in the world," she commented.[73] Gaga also partnered with Polaroid in January 2010 as their Creative Director.[74] Excited about "blending the iconic history of Polaroid and instant film with the digital era," Gaga unveiled the first trio of new products called Grey Label: a pair of picture-taking sunglasses, a paperback-sized mobile printing unit and an updated version of the traditional Polaroid camera at the 2011 Consumer Electronics Show.[75] But her collaboration with past producer Rob Fusari led to her production team, Mermaid Music LLC, being sued in March 2010 when he claimed that he was entitled to a 20% share of the company's earnings. Gaga's lawyer, Charles Ortner, described the agreement with Fusari as "unlawful" and declined to comment, but five months later, the New York Supreme Court dismissed both the lawsuit and a countersuit by Gaga.[76][77] In addition to such strife, Gaga was tested borderline positive for lupus, but claimed not to be affected by the symptoms. The revelations caused considerable dismay among fans, leading to Gaga addressing the matter in an interview with Larry King, saying she hopes to avoid symptoms by maintaining a healthy lifestyle.[78][79]

[edit] 2011–present: Born This Way

Gaga performing on the 2011 Good Morning America Summer Concert Series

Gaga released her second studio album and third major release, Born This Way, on May 23, 2011. Described as a marriage of electronic music with metal, rock 'n' roll, pop and anthemic style melodies with sledge-hammering dance beats and referred to as an album "about what what keeps us up at night and what makes us afraid," Gaga characterized it as "something so much deeper than a wig or lipstick or a fucking meat dress" and, upon hearing it, Akon remarked that she is taking music to the "next level."[80][81] Upon release, the album received generally positive reviews from music critics, who praised its range of different styles and her vocals.[82][83] Born This Way sold 1.108 million copies in its first week in the US, debuted atop the Billboard 200, and topped the charts in more than 20 other countries.[84] In addition to exceeding 8 million copies in worldwide sales, Born This Way received 3 Grammy Award nominations, including her third consecutive for Album of the Year.[85]

In the months prior to its unveiling, Gaga released the singles "Born This Way", "Judas" and "The Edge of Glory" alongside promotional single "Hair". The eponymous lead single, first sung live at the 53rd Grammy Awards in a performance that saw Gaga emerge from an egg-like vessel, deals with self-acceptance regardless of race or sexual orientation. The single debuted atop the Billboard Hot 100, becoming the 19th number-one debut and the 1,000th number-one single in the history of the charts.[86] It sold more than 3 million digital copies in the US by October 2011, becoming her eighth consecutive single to exceed sales of 2 million and, with worldwide sales of 8.2 million copies by November 2011, one of her five best-selling singles worldwide.[87] Critics noted artistic and cultural references and praised the concept of the song's accompanying music video, in which Gaga gives birth to a new race amidst surrealistic images.[88][89] The video for "Judas", in which Gaga portrays Mary Magdalene, and Biblical figures such as Jesus Christ and Judas Iscariot are also featured, was criticized for its religious references but received acclaim for its overall delivery and praise from others who claimed that there was nothing offensive about it.[90] "Judas" also peaked within the top ten in several major musical markets, while "The Edge of Glory", first a commercial success in digital outlets, was later released as a single to critical appreciation, accompanied by a video which was notably stripped down from her usually "extravagant" efforts.[91][92] She released "You and I" and "Marry the Night" as the following singles from Born This Way. Although their "crazy and ambitious" videos were praised for their audacity, both songs failed to match the similar international success that their predecessors achieved.[93]

Gaga continued her musical endeavors by pairing with veteran artists like Tony Bennett to record a jazz version of "The Lady Is a Tramp".[94] She also recorded a duet with Cher on a "massive" and "beautiful" track, which Gaga "wrote a long time ago, and I've never put it on one of my own albums for, really, no particular reason."[95] Gaga also lent her vocals to an original duet with Elton John for the animated feature film Gnomeo & Juliet. The song, "Hello, Hello", was released without Gaga's vocals but the duet version features in the film.[96][97] She also continued her live appearances throughout 2011, performing a one-of-a-kind concert at the Sydney Town Hall on July 13 in promotion of Born This Way and at the celebration of former US president Bill Clinton's 65th birthday, wearing a blond wig as a nod to the famous performance of Marilyn Monroe for John F. Kennedy and changing the lyrics to "You and I" specifically for the performance.[98] Televised appearances comprised her own Thanksgiving Day television special entitled A Very Gaga Thanksgiving which was critically lauded, attained 5.749 million American viewers, and spawned the release of her fourth extended play A Very Gaga Holiday.[99] Her second performance on Saturday Night Live saw her singing a selection of Born This Way songs alongside appearing in number of sketches with Justin Timberlake and Andy Samberg.[100] In March 2012, Gaga was ranked at number four on Billboard's list of top moneymakers of 2011, grossing $25,353,039 dollars, which includes sales from Born This Way and her Monster Ball Tour.[4]

In early 2012, Gaga stated that songs for a new album were "beginning to flourish" as she worked with producer Fernando Garibay, while the accompanying tour for Born This Way was materializing.[101][102] Gaga's manager, Vincent Herbert, revealed that Gaga will is working on her upcoming album during the tour, stating that the material is "insane, great records."[103] The Born This Way Ball Tour began on April 27, 2012, at the Olympic Stadium in Seoul, South Korea.[104] The tour was met with protests from several religious groups who denounced the tour as satanic and against religious values, resulting in protests mainly from the Islamic Defenders Front, causing a cancellation in the Indonesian city of Jakarta, where Gaga was denied a license to perform. The concert however was still in question as concert promoters were optimistic that the performance will in fact go on. However, due to threats of violence from Muslim hardliners, Gaga decided to cancel the concert although 52,000 tickets have sold out in just a few days.[105][106][107] On May 20, 2012, Gaga guest-starred on the 23rd season finale of The Simpsons entitled "Lisa Goes Gaga".[108]

Artistry[link]

Influences[link]

Gaga's parents, who exposed her to artists like The Beatles, Stevie Wonder, Queen, Bruce Springsteen, Pink Floyd, The Grateful Dead, Led Zeppelin and Elton John had significant influence on her childhood and, presently, still do.[109] "I am a real family girl. When it comes to love and loyalty, I am very old-fashioned. And I am quite down-to-earth for such an eccentric person," she insists.[110] "I'm quite traditional in the family sense. I've always been that way."[109] According to Gaga, Joanne Germanotta – her aunt who died of lupus aged 19 – lives on through her and inspires all of her music and art.[111] Joanne's date of death is tattooed on Gaga's body and, despite dying 12 years before her birth, Gaga commented, "I really believe I have two hearts. I think I actually carry two souls in my body, and that I'm living out the rest of her life and her goodness – she died a virgin, she died never having experienced all these things that we all get to love and experience in our lives."[112] Another spiritual influence on Gaga has been the Indian physician, public speaker and writer Deepak Chopra. Labeling him a "true inspiration", she stated that "he's always reminded me to work in a life of service to my fans and to fulfill my vision and my destiny" in addition to thinking about Chopra when it comes to her work as a musician: "I want so much for it to go beyond the music for my fans."[113]

Musically, Gaga takes influence from numerous musicians from dance-pop singers like Madonna and Michael Jackson to glam rock artists like David Bowie and Queen whilst employing the theatrics of artists like Andy Warhol and of her musical theatre roots in performance.[31][114][115] The Queen song "Radio Ga Ga" inspired her stage name: "I adored Freddie Mercury and Queen had a hit called 'Radio Gaga'. That's why I love the name [...] Freddie was unique—one of the biggest personalities in the whole of pop music," she commented.[18][114][116] Gaga receives regular comparisons to recording artist Madonna who admits that she sees herself reflected in Gaga.[117] In response to the comparisons, Gaga stated, "I don't want to sound presumptuous, but I've made it my goal to revolutionize pop music. The last revolution was launched by Madonna 25 years ago" in addition to commenting that "there is really no one that is a more adoring and loving Madonna fan than me. I am the hugest fan personally and professionally."[114][118] Like Madonna, Gaga has continued to reinvent herself and, over the years of her career, has drawn musical inspiration from a diverse mix of artists including Whitney Houston, Grace Jones, Cyndi Lauper, Blondie singer Debbie Harry, Scissor Sisters, Prince, Marilyn Manson, Yoko Ono, and Britney Spears.[119]

Gaga has been influenced by a wide-range of artists as to which she has played homages to, including Madonna (left) and Bruce Springsteen. (Right)

Gaga has mentioned Spears in several interviews, and revealed, "Britney certainly doesn’t need any freakin’ tips from me! Britney Spears is the queen of pop. I was learning from her."[120] Gaga also paid tribute to Spears during the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards with the MTV Video Vanguard Award, adding that the pop singer "taught us all how to be fearless, and the industry wouldn't be the same without her."[121]

Gaga has identified fashion as a major influence and has been stylistically compared to English eccentrics Leigh Bowery and Isabella Blow and to American recording artist Cher.[14][26][110][122] She commented that "as a child, she somehow absorbed Cher's out-there fashion sense and made it her own."[122] She has considered Donatella Versace her muse and the late British fashion designer and close friend Alexander McQueen as an inspiration, admitting that "I miss Lee every time I get dressed" while channeling him in some of her work.[14][78] Modeled on Andy Warhol's Factory, Gaga has her own creative production team, which she handles personally, called the Haus of Gaga, who create many of her clothes, stage props, and hairdos.[123] Her adoration of fashion came from her mother, who she stated was "always very well kept and beautiful."[6] "When I'm writing music, I'm thinking about the clothes I want to wear on stage. It's all about everything altogether—performance art, pop performance art, fashion. For me, it's everything coming together and being a real story that will bring back the super-fan. I want to bring that back. I want the imagery to be so strong that fans will want to eat and taste and lick every part of us."[26] The Global Language Monitor named "Lady Gaga" as the Top Fashion Buzzword with her trademark "no pants" a close third.[124] Entertainment Weekly put her outfits on its end of the decade "best-of" list, saying, "Whether it's a dress made of Muppets or strategically placed bubbles, Gaga's outré ensembles brought performance art into the mainstream."[125] Gaga made her runway debut at Thierry Mugler's Paris fashion show in March 2011 where she wore items from Nicola Formichetti's debut women's wear collection.[126] In June of the same year, she won the Council of Fashion Designers of America Award for Fashion Icon.[127] Time Magazine placed Gaga on their "All-Time 100 Fashion Icons List" amongst some of Gaga's inspirations such as Michael Jackson, Madonna, and the The Beatles, stating: "Lady Gaga is just as notorious for her outrageous style as she is for her pop hits. After all, Gaga, born Stefani Germanotta, has sported outfits made from plastic bubbles, Kermit the Frog dolls, and raw meat."[128] She has since devoted her time as a fashion columnist for V magazine, where she has written about her creative process, her studying of the world of pop culture, and her ability to tune into the evolution of pop-culture meme.[129]

In August 2011 she sent to her 15 millions followers that she had at that time on Twitter, a quote about creativity from the book "Creativity"[130] by Osho,[131] which led journalists, on October 28, of the same year, on her arrival to India for the inauguration of a big Formula One motorsport event,[132] to ask her about her connection to him, to which Gaga said she was influenced by his work and that for her, "the creativity is the greatest way of rebellion": "Equality", she concluded, "is one of the most important things in my life".[133]

Musical style[link]

Continually experimenting with new musical ideas and images, Gaga's musical and performance style is the subject of much analysis and scrutiny from critics. She professes that she is "liberating" herself by constantly reinventing her sound and image, insisting that she has been drawn to such a practice since her childhood.[134] Vocally, Gaga possesses the range of a contralto and exhibits "overwhelming expression, instinctive vocal phrasing, '80s rock reminiscent chest belts and animalistic vocal ticks" while being able to move through 2.4 octaves.[135][136] Refusing to lip sync, Gaga – whose range is frequently compared to those of Madonna and Gwen Stefani – has manipulated her vocal style over the course of her career yet considers Born This Way (2011) "much more vocally up to par with what I've always been capable of."[137][138] In summation of her voice, Entertainment Weekly wrote, "There's an immense emotional intelligence behind the way she uses her voice. Almost never does she overwhelm a song with her vocal ability, recognizing instead that artistry is to be found in nuance rather than lung power."[139]

A blond woman in a bob-cut, sitting cross-legged on a transparent platform full of bubbles and lit from inside in pink. The woman is wearing a dress made of transparent bubbles of varying sizes. She is holding a microphone in her left hand and appears to be smiling.
Gaga performing in a plastic bubble dress (2009)

Although her early lyrics have been criticized for lacking intellectual stimulation, "[Gaga] does manage to get you moving and grooving at an almost effortless pace."[140] She admits that her songwriting has been misinterpreted; her friend and blogger Perez Hilton articulated her message in a clearer way: "you write really deep intelligent lyrics with shallow concepts." Gaga opined, "Perez is very intelligent and clearly listened to my record from beginning to end, and he is correct."[141] "I love songwriting. It's so funny – I will just jam around in my underwear or I could be washing my dishes. I wrote several songs just at the piano," she confesses.[141] Gaga believes that "all good music can be played at a piano and still sound like a hit."[142] She has covered a wide variety of topics in her songs: while The Fame (2008) meditates on the lust for stardom, The Fame Monster (2009) expresses fame's dark side through monster metaphors. Born This Way (2011) is sung in English, French, German and Spanish and includes common themes in Gaga's controversial songwriting like love, sex, religion, money, drugs, identity, liberation, sexuality, freedom and individualism.[143][144]

The structure of her music is said to echo classic 1980s pop and 1990s Europop.[145] Her debut album The Fame (2008) provoked The Sunday Times to assert "in combining music, fashion, art and technology, [Gaga] evokes Madonna, Gwen Stefani circa 'Hollaback Girl', Kylie Minogue 2001 or Grace Jones right now" and a critic from The Boston Globe to comment that she draws "obvious inspirations from Madonna to Gwen Stefani... in [her] girlish but sturdy pipes and bubbly beats."[146][147] Music critic Simon Reynolds wrote that "Everything about Gaga came from electroclash, except the music, which wasn't particularly 1980s, just ruthlessly catchy naughties pop glazed with Auto-Tune and undergirded with R&B-ish beats."[148] The follow-up The Fame Monster (2009), saw Gaga's taste for pastiche, drawing on "Seventies arena glam, perky ABBA disco and sugary throwbacks like Stacey Q" while Born This Way (2011) also draws on the records of her childhood and still has the "electro-sleaze beats and Eurodisco chorus chants" of its predecessor but includes genres as diverse as opera, heavy metal, disco, and rock and roll.[143] "There isn't a subtle moment on the album, but even at its nuttiest, the music is full of wide-awake emotional details," wrote Rolling Stone, who concluded: "The more excessive Gaga gets, the more honest she sounds."[144]

Music videos and performances[link]

Gaga, recognized for her unconventionality, during a "blood soaked" performance (2010)

With constant costume changes, backup dancers, and provocative visuals, Gaga's music videos are often described as short films.[149] "Being provocative is not just about getting people's attention. It's about saying something that really affects people in a real way, in a positive way," she professes.[149] Exploring bondage and sadomasochism in addition to highlighting prevalent feminist themes, "the three central themes that shape Lady Gaga's music videos are sex, violence, and power."[150] "Vaudevillian and carnal, Lady Gaga has got the knack of sending rape-like fantasies—in songs and videos that double as catch club hits—to the top of the charts," wrote one critic.[151] "Whether it is physical violence or sexual exploitation, these videos offer vivid depictions of male power over women's bodies," wrote another.[150] While she labels herself "a little bit of a feminist" (she rejects man-hating feminism) and asserts that she is "sexually empowering women,"[151] Gaga strives to empower young women to stand up for what they believe in.[150] She also attempts to liberate her fans so they can feel "less alone."[152] "She not only reiterates her assertion of total originality," professed pop critic Ann Powers, "but also finesses it until it's both a philosophical stance about how constructing a persona from pop-cultural sources can be an expression of a person's truth—a la those drag queens Gaga sincerely admires—and a bit of a feminist act."[153] In summation of her videos, Rolling Stone used the rhetoric: "does anyone look to a Lady Gaga video for restraint?"[93]

Her performances are described as "highly entertaining and innovative"; the blood-spurting performance of "Paparazzi" at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards was described as "eye-popping" by MTV.[154] She continued the "blood soaked" theme during The Monster Ball Tour, in which she wore a revealing leather corset and was "attacked" by a performer dressed in black who gnaws on her throat, causing "blood" to spurt down her chest, after which she lies "dying" in a pool of blood. Her performances of that scene in England triggered protests from family groups and fans in the aftermath of a local tragedy, in which a taxi driver had murdered 12 people.[155] "What happened in Bradford is very fresh in people's minds and given all the violence which happened in Cumbria just hours earlier, it was insensitive," said Lynn Costello of Mothers Against Violence.[156] Her unconventionality continued at the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards: performing in drag as her male alter ego, Jo Calderone, and delivering a lovesick monologue before a performance of her song "You and I".[157] Some have defended her flamboyant and provocative behavior. "Well, she's Lady Gaga," Chris Rock said. "She's not 'Lady Behave Yourself.' Do you want great behavior from a person named Gaga? Is this what you were expecting?"[158] As Gaga's choreographer and creative director, Laurieann Gibson provided material for her shows and videos for four years. However, the pair parted in November 2011; Gaga replacing her with Gibson's assistant Richard Jackson.[159] Gaga admits to being a perfectionist when it comes to her elaborate shows. "I'm very bossy. I can scream my head off if I see one light fixture out. I'm very detailed – every minute of the show has got to be perfect."[149]

Public image[link]

While Rolling Stone named Gaga the "Queen of Pop" in 2011, public reception of Gaga's music, fashion sense and persona are mixed.[160] Her status as a role model, self-esteem booster for her fans, trailblazer and fashion icon who breathes new life into the industry is by turns affirmed and denied.[161] Gaga's albums have received mostly positive reviews and critics have pointed out her unique place in pop music, the need for new movements in popular culture, the attention Gaga brings to modern social issues, and the inherently subjective nature of her art.[162] In view of her influence on modern culture and her rise to global fame, sociologist Mathieu Deflem of the University of South Carolina has organized a course titled "Lady Gaga and the Sociology of Fame" since spring 2011 with the objective of unravelling "some of the sociologically relevant dimensions of the fame of Lady Gaga."[163] When Gaga briefly met with US president Barack Obama at a Human Rights Campaign fundraiser, he described the interaction as "intimidating" as she was dressed in 16-inch heels making her undoubtedly the tallest woman in the room.[164]

Gaga performing "Born This Way" at Europride in 2011.

Contrary to her outré style, the New York Post described her early look as like "a refugee from Jersey Shore" with "big black hair, heavy eye makeup and tight, revealing clothes."[18] Gaga is a natural brunette; she bleached her hair blonde because she was often mistaken for Amy Winehouse.[6] She has nine tattoos on the left side of her body (her father has banned etchings on her right): a unicorn head with a ribbon wrapped around its horn that says "Born This Way"; a small heart with "dad" written inside it; several white roses; a treble clef; three daises; "Tokyo Love" with a little heart; "Little Monsters" written in cursive; a peace symbol, which was inspired by John Lennon, whom she stated was her hero; and a curling German script on her left arm quoting the poet Rainer Maria Rilke, her favorite writer, commenting that his "philosophy of solitude" spoke to her.[116][165] In a question posed about the necessary procedure to attach the prosthetics to give the unconventional appearance of recent horn-like ridges on her cheekbones, temples, and shoulders, Gaga responded, "They're not prosthetics, they're my bones." She also clarified that they were not the result of plastic surgery, believing such surgery to only be the modern byproduct of fame-induced insecurity to which she does not subscribe. The interviewer's further probing brought Gaga to the conclusion that they are an artistic representation of her inner inspirational light and part of the "performance piece" that is her musical persona: an inevitability of her becoming who she now is.[166]

A wax sculpture of Gaga at Madame Tussauds London

Towards the end of 2008, comparisons were made between the fashions of Gaga and recording artist Christina Aguilera that noted similarities in their styling, hair, and make-up.[14] Aguilera stated that she was "completely unaware of [Gaga]" and "didn't know if it [was] a man or a woman."[14] Gaga released a statement in which she welcomed the comparisons due to the attention providing useful publicity, saying, "She's such a huge star and if anything I should send her flowers, because a lot of people in America didn't know who I was until that whole thing happened. It really put me on the map in a way."[167][168] When interviewed by Barbara Walters for her annual ABC News special 10 Most Fascinating People in 2009, Gaga dismissed the claim that she is intersex as an urban legend. Responding to a question on this issue, she stated, "At first it was very strange and everyone sorta said, 'That's really quite a story!' But in a sense, I portray myself in a very androgynous way, and I love androgyny."[169] In addition to Aguilera's statement, comparisons continued into 2010, when Aguilera released the music video of her single "Not Myself Tonight". Critics noted similarities between the song and its accompanying music video with Gaga's video for "Bad Romance".[170] There have also been similar comparisons made between Gaga's style and that of fashion icon Dale Bozzio from the band Missing Persons. Some have considered their respective images to be strikingly parallel although fans of Missing Persons note that Bozzio had pioneered the look more than thirty years earlier.[171]

While devout followers call Gaga "Mother Monster", Gaga often refers to her fans as "Little Monsters" which has been tattooed on "the arm that holds my mic" in dedication.[172][173] Her treatment of her "Little Monsters" has inspired criticism, due to the highly commercial nature of her music and image.[174] To some, this dichotomy contravenes the concept of outsider culture. Camille Paglia in her 2010 cover story "Lady Gaga and the death of sex" in The Sunday Times asserts that Gaga "is more an identity thief than an erotic taboo breaker, a mainstream manufactured product who claims to be singing for the freaks, the rebellious and the dispossessed when she is none of those."[175][176] Writing for The Guardian, Kitty Empire opined that the dichotomy "...allows the viewer to have a 'transgressive' experience without being required to think. At [her performance's] core, though, is the idea that Gaga is at one with the freaks and outcasts. The Monster Ball is where we can all be free. This is arrant nonsense, as the scads of people buying Gaga's cunningly commercial music are not limited to the niche worlds of drag queens and hip night creatures from which she draws her inspiration. But Gaga seems sincere."[177]

Philanthropy[link]

Besides her career in music, Gaga has also contributed to various charities. For natural disasters, Gaga has helped various relief efforts. Although declining an invitation to appear on the single "We Are the World 25" to benefit victims of the 2010 Haiti earthquake, she donated the proceeds of her January 24, 2010 concert at New York's Radio City Music Hall to the country's reconstruction relief fund.[178] All profits from her official online store on that day were also donated. Gaga announced that an estimated total of US$500,000 was collected for the fund.[179] Hours after the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami hit Japan on March 11, 2011, Gaga tweeted a message and a link to Japan Prayer Bracelets. All revenue from a bracelet she designed in conjunction with the company was donated to relief efforts.[180] As of March 29, 2011, the bracelets raised $1.5 million.[181] However, attorney Alyson Oliver filed a lawsuit against Gaga in Detroit in June 2011, noting that the bracelet was subject to a sales tax and an extra $3.99 shipping charge was added to the price. She also believed that not all proceeds from the bracelets would go to the relief efforts, demanding a public accounting of the campaign and refunds for people who had bought the bracelet. Gaga's spokesperson called the lawsuit "meritless" and "misleading".[182] On June 25, 2011, Gaga performed at MTV Japan's charity show in Makuhari Messe, which benefited the Japanese Red Cross.[183]

HIV and AIDS[link]

Gaga also contributes in the fight against HIV and AIDS, focusing on educating young women about the risks of the disease. In collaboration with Cyndi Lauper, Gaga joined forces with MAC Cosmetics to launch a line of lipstick under their supplementary cosmetic line, Viva Glam. Titled Viva Glam Gaga and Viva Glam Cyndi for each contributor respectively, all net proceeds of the lipstick line were donated to the cosmetic company's campaign to prevent HIV and AIDS worldwide.[184] In a press release, Gaga declared, "I don't want Viva Glam to be just a lipstick you buy to help a cause. I want it to be a reminder when you go out at night to put a condom in your purse right next to your lipstick."[185] The sales of Gaga-endorsed Viva Glam lipstick and lipgloss have raised more than $202 million to fight HIV and AIDS.[3]

Born This Way Foundation[link]

As a humanitarian, she has launched her own non-profit organization, the Born This Way Foundation, which focuses on youth empowerment and issues like self-confidence, well-being, anti-bullying, mentoring, and career development. "My mother and I have initiated a passion project. We call it the Born This Way Foundation," Gaga said in a statement about the foundation, which takes its name from the 2011 single and album. "Together we hope to establish a standard of Bravery and Kindness, as well as a community worldwide that protects and nurtures others in the face of bullying and abandonment." The foundation will work with a number of partners, including the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, The California Endowment and the Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University.[186] She also jumped into the debate surrounding SB 1070, Arizona's recently-enacted anti-immigration law, after premiering her Born This Way song "Americano" on the Guadalajara stop of The Monster Ball Tour in Mexico, telling the local press that she could not "stand by many of the unjust immigration laws" in the US.[187] A devoted advocate for the LGBT community, Gaga is also an outspoken activist for LGBT rights worldwide.[188] On February 29, 2012, Gaga and Oprah Winfrey visited Harvard University to launch her Born This Way Foundation.

LGBT advocacy[link]

A blond woman wearing a white shirt and black glasses speaking on a lectern carrying a 'National Equality March' poster. Behind her is a white stone balustrade of a building.
Gaga delivers a speech at the 2009 National Equality March

Gaga attributes much of her early success as a mainstream artist to her gay fans and is considered to be a gay icon.[189] Early in her career she had difficulty getting radio airplay, and stated, "The turning point for me was the gay community. I've got so many gay fans and they're so loyal to me and they really lifted me up. They'll always stand by me and I'll always stand by them. It's not an easy thing to create a fanbase."[190] She thanked FlyLife, a Manhattan-based LGBT marketing company with whom her label Interscope works, in the liner notes of The Fame, saying, "I love you so much. You were the first heartbeat in this project, and your support and brilliance means the world to me. I will always fight for the gay community hand in hand with this incredible team."[191] One of her first televised performances was in May 2008 at the NewNowNext Awards, an awards show aired by the LGBT television network Logo, where she sang her song "Just Dance".[192] In June of the same year, she performed the song again at the San Francisco Pride event.[193]

After The Fame was released, she revealed that the song "Poker Face" was about her bisexuality. In an interview with Rolling Stone, she spoke about how her boyfriends tended to react to her bisexuality, saying "The fact that I'm into women, they're all intimidated by it. It makes them uncomfortable. They're like, 'I don't need to have a threesome. I'm happy with just you'."[33] When she appeared as a guest on The Ellen DeGeneres Show in May 2009, she praised DeGeneres for being "an inspiration for women and for the gay community".[194] She proclaimed that the October 11, 2009 National Equality March rally on the National Mall was "the single most important event of her career." As she exited, she left with an exultant "Bless God and bless the gays,"[195] similar to her 2009 MTV Video Music Awards acceptance speech for Best New Artist a month earlier.[196] At the Human Rights Campaign Dinner, held the same weekend as the rally, she performed a cover of John Lennon's "Imagine" declaring that "I'm not going to [play] one of my songs tonight because tonight is not about me, it's about you." She changed the original lyrics of the song to reflect the death of Matthew Shepard, a college student murdered because of his sexuality.[197]

Gaga addresses the crowd at SLDN's "Don't ask, don't tell" rally in 2010

Gaga attended the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards accompanied by four service members of the United States Armed Forces (Mike Almy, David Hall, Katie Miller and Stacy Vasquez), all of whom, under the United States military's "Don't ask, don't tell" (DADT) policy, had been prohibited from serving openly because of their sexuality.[198] In addition, Gaga wore a meat dress to the ceremony which was supplemented by boots, a purse and a hat that were all fabricated from the flesh of a dead animal.[199] Partly awarded in recognition of the dress, Vogue.com UK named her one of the Best Dressed people of 2010 while Time magazine's named the dress the Fashion Statement of 2010, it received divided opinions – evoking the attention of worldwide media but invoking the fury of animal rights organization PETA.[200][201][202] She denied any intention of causing disrespect to any person or organization and wished for the dress to be interpreted as a statement of human rights with focus upon those in the LGBT community, adding that "If we don't stand up for what we believe in and if we don't fight for our rights, pretty soon we're going to have as much rights as the meat on our own bones."[203]

She later released three videos on YouTube urging her fans to contact their Senators in an effort to overturn the policy. In late September 2010 she spoke at the Servicemembers Legal Defense Network's "4the14K" Rally in Deering Oaks Park in Portland, Maine. The name of the rally signified the number – an estimated 14,000 – of service members discharged under the DADT policy at the time. During her remarks, she urged members of the U.S. Senate (and in particular, moderate Republican Senators from Maine, Olympia Snowe and Susan Collins) to vote in favor of legislation that would repeal the DADT policy. Following this event, editors of The Advocate commented that she had become "the real fierce advocate" for gays and lesbians, one that Barack Obama had promised to be.[204][205]

Gaga appeared at Europride, a pan-European international event dedicated to LGBT pride, held in Rome in June 2011. In a nearly twenty-minute speech, she criticized the intolerant state of gay rights in many European countries and described homosexuals as "revolutionaries of love" before performing acoustic renderings of "Born This Way" and "The Edge of Glory" in front of thousands at the Circus Maximus.[206][207] She stated that "Today and every day we fight for freedom. We fight for justice. We beckon for compassion, understanding and above all we want full equality now".[208] Gaga revealed that she is often questioned why she dedicates herself to "gayspeak" and "how gay" she is, to which, she told the audience: "Why is this question, why is this issue so important? My answer is: I am a child of diversity, I am one with my generation, I feel a moral obligation as a woman, or a man, to exercise my revolutionary potential and make the world a better place." She then joked: "On a gay scale from 1 to 10, I'm a Judy Garland fucking 42."[209]

Discography[link]

Filmography[link]

Concert tours[link]

See also[link]


References[link]

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