London Globe

Sunday, 28 October 2012

London Globe

Troilus and Cressida at Shakespeare's Globe

Ngakau Toa theatre company perform haka at Shakespeare's Globe

Jump London parkour seq, orig. C4 music. Director: Mike Christie.

Global Occupation: 1000 cities unite in 'Wall St' anger worldwide

New Globe Theater in New York Harbor (Part 1)

The Correspondents - I Wanna Be Like You

Open Collage in a new Window

Email the Collage

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1981 Brixton riot
This Brixton riot took place in Lambeth, South London, England, on 11 April 1981. The riot resulted in almost 279 injuries to police and 45 injuries to members of the public; over a hundred vehicles were burned, including 56 police vehicles; and almost 150 buildings were damaged, with thirty burned. There were 82 arrests. Reports suggested that up to 5,000 people were involved in the riot. It was called "Bloody Saturday" by TIME magazine.
http://wn.com/1981_Brixton_riot
1992 Summer Olympics
The 1992 Summer Olympic Games, officially known as the Games of the XXV Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event celebrated in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain in 1992. The International Olympic Committee voted in 1986 to separate the Summer and Winter Games, which had been held in the same year since 1924, and place them in alternating even-numbered years, beginning in 1994. The 1992 Summer Games were the last to be staged in the same year as the Winter Games.
http://wn.com/1992_Summer_Olympics
8 Canada Square
8 Canada Square (also known as HSBC Group Head Office, or HSBC Tower) is a skyscraper located at Canary Wharf in London Docklands. The building serves as the global headquarters for the HSBC Group, the world's largest company by the Forbes Global 2000 in 2008 and houses around 8,000 staff.
http://wn.com/8_Canada_Square
A102 road
The A102 is a road that starts in Clapton in the north London Borough of Hackney and ends in Kidbrooke in the south London Borough of Greenwich. The A102 was formerly a continuous route including two motorway sections classified as the A102(M) however, subsequent to the renumbering of part of the route in 1999, the A102 designation belongs only to the section including the Blackwall Tunnel linking the A12 and the A2 and also to the section from Clapton to Hackney Wick.
http://wn.com/A102_road
A205 road
: A205 redirects here. For the Fujifilm A205 camera, see Fujifilm FinePix A-series.
http://wn.com/A205_road
A406 road
The A406 or the North Circular Road is a trunk road which crosses North London, UK, linking West and East London. It, together with the South Circular Road, forms a ring road through the inner part of Outer London. This ring road does not make a complete circuit of the city; being C-shaped rather than a complete loop as the crossing of the River Thames in the east is made on the Woolwich Ferry.
http://wn.com/A406_road
Abbey Road Studios
Abbey Road Studios is a recording studio located at 3 Abbey Road, St John's Wood, City of Westminster, London, England. It was established in November 1931 by a predecessor of British music company EMI, its present owner. Apart from the facility's use as a recording studio, the premises have also been used to remaster many of the classical music recordings made at Kingsway Hall. It is most notable for being the venue in the 1960s for innovative recording techniques adopted by The Beatles, Pink Floyd, and others.
http://wn.com/Abbey_Road_Studios
Abbey Wood
Abbey Wood is a suburban district of southeast London, England, located partly within the London Borough of Greenwich and partly within the London Borough of Bexley. It is situated east of Charing Cross.
http://wn.com/Abbey_Wood
Abkhazia
Abkhazia ( Apsny, Apkhazeti, Abkhazia) is a political entity on the eastern coast of the Black Sea and the south-western flank of the Caucasus whose status is disputed. It considers itself an independent state (the Republic of Abkhazia). This is recognised by Russia, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Nauru, South Ossetia and Transnistria.
http://wn.com/Abkhazia
Acton, London
Acton is a district of west London, England, located in the London Borough of Ealing. It is situated west of Charing Cross.
http://wn.com/Acton_London
Admiralty Arch
Admiralty Arch is a large office building in London which incorporates an archway providing road and pedestrian access between The Mall, which extends to the South-West, and Trafalgar Square to the North-East. It was designed by Sir Aston Webb, constructed by John Mowlem & Co and completed in 1912. It adjoins the Old Admiralty Building, hence the name.
http://wn.com/Admiralty_Arch
Albania
Albania ( , , Gheg Albanian: Shqipnia/Shqypnia), officially known as the Republic of Albania (, pronounced ), is a country in South Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, the Republic of Macedonia to the east and Greece to the south and southeast. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the west, and on the Ionian Sea to the southwest. It is less than from Italy, across the Strait of Otranto which links the Adriatic Sea to the Ionian Sea.
http://wn.com/Albania
Albert Memorial
http://wn.com/Albert_Memorial
Albertopolis
Albertopolis is a nickname for the area centred on South Kensington, Kensington & Chelsea ,London, England, between Cromwell Road and Kensington Gore, which contains a large number of educational and cultural sites, including
http://wn.com/Albertopolis
Aldershot
Aldershot is a town in the English county of Hampshire, located on heathland about 60 km (37 miles) southwest of London. The town is administered by Rushmoor Borough Council. The town has a population of 33,840, whilst the Aldershot Urban Area, a loose conurbation (which also includes other towns, such as Camberley, Farnborough, and Farnham) has a population of 243,344, making it the thirtieth-largest urban area in the UK
http://wn.com/Aldershot
Aldershot Urban Area
The Aldershot Urban Area is the name used by the ONS to refer to the loose conurbation on the border between Surrey, Berkshire and Hampshire in England. They give it a population of 243,344, consisting of the following towns:
http://wn.com/Aldershot_Urban_Area
Aldwych
Aldwych () is a place and road in the City of Westminster in London, England.
http://wn.com/Aldwych
Algiers
http://wn.com/Algiers
Amersham
Amersham is a market town and civil parish within Chiltern district in Buckinghamshire, England, 27 miles north west of London, in the Chiltern Hills. It is part of the London commuter belt.
http://wn.com/Amersham
Amsterdam
Amsterdam (; Dutch ) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, with an urban population of 1,364,422 and a metropolitan population of 2,158,372. The city is located in the province of North Holland in the west of the country. It comprises the northern part of the Randstad, the sixth-largest metropolitan area in Europe, with a population of approximately 6.7 million.
http://wn.com/Amsterdam
Andorra
Andorra , officially the Principality of Andorra (), also called the Principality of the Valleys of Andorra, (), is a small country in southwestern Europe, located in the eastern Pyrenees mountains and bordered by Spain and France. It is the sixth smallest nation in Europe having an area of and an estimated population of 83,888 in 2009. Its capital, Andorra la Vella, is the highest capital city in Europe, being at an elevation of 1023 metres. The official language is Catalan, although Spanish, French, and Portuguese are also commonly spoken.
http://wn.com/Andorra
Andorra la Vella
Andorra la Vella is the capital of the Co-principality of Andorra, and is located high in the east Pyrenees between France and Spain. It is also the name of the parish that surrounds the capital.
http://wn.com/Andorra_la_Vella
Angel, Islington
http://wn.com/Angel_Islington
Ankara
Ankara (Traditional English: Angora) is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after Istanbul. The city has a mean elevation of , and as of 2008 the city had a population of 4,500,000. Ankara also serves as the capital of Ankara Province.
http://wn.com/Ankara
ArcelorMittal Orbit
The ArcelorMittal Orbit is a high observation tower planned for the Olympic Park in Stratford, London. The steel sculpture will be Britain's largest piece of public art, and is intended to be a permanent, lasting legacy of London's hosting of the 2012 Summer Olympics, assisting in the post-Olympics regeneration of the Stratford area. Sited between the Olympic Stadium and the Aquatics Centre, it will allow visitors to view the whole Olympic Park from two observation platforms.
http://wn.com/ArcelorMittal_Orbit
Arequipa
:For the cactus genus, see Oreocereus.
http://wn.com/Arequipa
Argentina
Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic (, ), is the second largest country in South America, constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires. It is the eighth-largest country in the world by land area and the largest among Spanish-speaking nations, though Mexico, Colombia and Spain are more populous.
http://wn.com/Argentina
Armenia
http://wn.com/Armenia
Ashford, Surrey
Ashford is a town almost entirely in the Surrey borough of Spelthorne in England, with a small part falling within Greater London. It is a suburban development situated 15 miles (24 km) west south-west of Charing Cross in London and forms part of the London commuter belt. It is often referred to as Ashford, Middlesex to distinguish it from the larger town of Ashford, Kent, because it fell within the historic county of Middlesex. Since 1965, when Middlesex County Council was dissolved, it has been part of Surrey and the small London section part of the London Borough of Hounslow.
http://wn.com/Ashford_Surrey
Astana
http://wn.com/Astana
Atlanta
Atlanta (, ) is the capital and most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia. Atlanta had an estimated population of about 540,900 people. Its metropolitan area is the ninth largest in the country, inhabited by more than 5.4 million people. The Atlanta Combined Statistical Area has a population approaching six million, making it the most populous metropolis in the Southeastern United States. Like many areas in the Sun Belt, the Atlanta region has seen explosive growth since about 1976, and it added about 1.1 million residents between 2000 and 2008.
http://wn.com/Atlanta
Auckland
http://wn.com/Auckland
Australia
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Australia
Austria
Austria or (), officially the Republic of Austria (German: ), is a landlocked country of roughly 8.3 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers and has a temperate and alpine climate. Austria's terrain is highly mountainous due to the presence of the Alps; only 32% of the country is below , and its highest point is . The majority of the population speaks German, which is also the country's official language. Other local official languages are Croatian, Hungarian and Slovene.
http://wn.com/Austria
Aylesbury
Aylesbury () is the county town of Buckinghamshire in South East England. In the 2001 census the Aylesbury Urban Area, which includes Bierton, Fairford Leys, Stoke Mandeville and Watermead, had a population of 69,021, which included 56,392 for the Aylesbury civil parish.
http://wn.com/Aylesbury
Aylesbury Urban Area
The Aylesbury Urban Area is defined by the Office for National Statistics as a conurbation in central Buckinghamshire, England. It had a population of 69,021 (2001 census). The largest population centre is Aylesbury itself at 56,392.
http://wn.com/Aylesbury_Urban_Area
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan ( ; ), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (), is one of the six independent Turkic states in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, it is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, and Iran to the south.
http://wn.com/Azerbaijan
Baghdad
Baghdad (, , ) is the capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is coterminous. Having a population estimated between 7 and 7.5 million, it is the largest city in Iraq and the second largest city in the Arab World (after Cairo, Egypt).
http://wn.com/Baghdad
Baku
Baku (), sometimes known as Baqy, Baky, Baki or Bakou, is the capital, the largest city, and the largest port of Azerbaijan and all the Caucasus. Located on the southern shore of the Absheron Peninsula, the city consists of two principal parts: the downtown and the old Inner City (21.5 ha). Dating to antiquity, its urban population at the beginning of 2009 was estimated at just over two million people.
http://wn.com/Baku
Bandung
http://wn.com/Bandung
Bangalore
Bangalore , known as Bengaluru (), is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. Bangalore is nicknamed the Garden City and was once called a pensioner's paradise. Located on the Deccan Plateau in the south-eastern part of Karnataka, Bangalore is India's third most populous city and fifth-most populous urban agglomeration. As of 2009, Bangalore was inducted in the list of Global cities and ranked as a "Beta World City" alongside Geneva, Copenhagen, Boston, Cairo, Riyadh, Berlin, to name a few, in the studies performed by the Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network in 2008.
http://wn.com/Bangalore
Bangkok
http://wn.com/Bangkok
Bangladesh
http://wn.com/Bangladesh
Barbican Estate
The Barbican Estate is a residential estate in the City of London, in an area densely packed with commerce and finance. It also contains, or is adjacent to, the Barbican Arts Centre, the Museum of London, the Guildhall School of Music and Drama, the Barbican public library, the City of London School for Girls and a YMCA, forming the Barbican Complex. With the exception of Milton Court, which contained a fire station, medical facilities and some flats, the complex has been Grade II listed as a whole.
http://wn.com/Barbican_Estate
Barcelona
http://wn.com/Barcelona
Barking
Barking is a suburban town in the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham, in northeast London, England. A retail and commercial centre situated in the west of the borough, it lies east of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
http://wn.com/Barking
Barnes, London
Barnes is a riverside London suburb in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. It is located around west south-west of Charing Cross in a loop of the River Thames, with Hammersmith Bridge at the north end. Barnes has a number of 18th and 19th century buildings of exceptional quality, and is often noted for its historic village area centred on the pond, forming the Barnes Village conservation area.
http://wn.com/Barnes_London
Barnet
High Barnet or Chipping Barnet is a place in the London Borough of Barnet, North London, England. It is a suburban development built around a twelfth-century settlement and is located north north-west of Charing Cross. Its name is often abbreviated to Barnet, which is also the name of the London borough of which it forms a part. Chipping Barnet is the name of the Parliamentary constituency covering the local area - the word 'Chipping' denotes the presence of a market (one was established here in the thirteenth century and persists to this day).
http://wn.com/Barnet
Barnsbury
Barnsbury is an area of north London in the London Borough of Islington, in the N1 postal districts.
http://wn.com/Barnsbury
Basildon
Basildon () is a town located in the Basildon District of the county of Essex, England.
http://wn.com/Basildon
Basingstoke
Basingstoke is a town in northeast Hampshire, in south-central England. It lies across a valley at the source of the River Loddon. It is southwest of London, northeast of Southampton, southwest of Reading and northeast of the county town, Winchester. In 2008 it had an estimated population of 82,913. It is part of the borough of Basingstoke and Deane and part of the parliamentary constituency of Basingstoke. Basingstoke is often nicknamed "Doughnut City" or "Roundabout City" due to the number of roundabouts.
http://wn.com/Basingstoke
Battersea
Battersea is a district in south London, England, located in the London Borough of Wandsworth. It is an inner-city district situated 2.9 miles (4.8 km) south-west of Charing Cross.
http://wn.com/Battersea
Battersea Park
Battersea Park is an 200 acre (83-hectare) green space at Battersea in the London Borough of Wandsworth in England. It is situated on the south bank of the River Thames opposite Chelsea, and was opened in 1858.
http://wn.com/Battersea_Park
Battle of Hastings
The Battle of Hastings took place on 14 October 1066. It was the decisive Norman victory in the Norman Conquest of England, fought between the Norman army of Duke William II of Normandy and the English army of King Harold II. The battle took place at Senlac Hill, approximately 6 miles northwest of Hastings, close to the present-day town of Battle, East Sussex.
http://wn.com/Battle_of_Hastings
Beaconsfield
Beaconsfield () is a market town and civil parish operating as a town council within the South Bucks district in Buckinghamshire, England. It lies northwest of London, and south-east of the county town of Aylesbury. Nearby towns include Amersham to the north northeast and High Wycombe to the west.
http://wn.com/Beaconsfield
Beckenham
Beckenham is a town in the London Borough of Bromley, England. It is located 8.4 miles (13.5 km) south east of Charing Cross and 1.75 miles (2.8 km) west of Bromley town. Until the coming of the railway in 1857, Beckenham was a small village in almost completely rural surroundings: once a family of entrepreneurs began the building of villas here, its population soared from 2000 to 26,000 during 1850-1900 and throughout the rest of the century. The current population is nearly 82,000
http://wn.com/Beckenham
Bedford
Bedford is the county town of Bedfordshire, in the East of England. It is a large town and the administrative centre for the wider Borough of Bedford. According to Bedfordshire County Council's estimates, the town had a population of 79,190 in mid 2005, with 19,720 in the adjacent town of Kempston. The wider borough, including a rural area, had a population of 153,000.
http://wn.com/Bedford
Bedfordshire
Bedfordshire ( or ; abbreviated Beds.) is a ceremonial county of historic origin in England that forms part of the East of England region.
http://wn.com/Bedfordshire
Beijing
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http://wn.com/Beijing
Belarus
Belarus, ( ; , ), officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered clockwise by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital is Minsk; other major cities include Brest, Grodno (Hrodna), Gomel (Homiel), Mogilev (Mahilyow) and Vitebsk (Viciebsk). Forty percent of its is forested, and its strongest economic sectors are agriculture and manufacturing.
http://wn.com/Belarus
Belgium
Belgium (, ), officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, as well as those of several other major international organizations such as NATO. Belgium covers an area of , and it has a population of about 10.8 million people.
http://wn.com/Belgium
Belgrade
http://wn.com/Belgrade
Berkhamsted
Berkhamsted () is an affluent historic town in England which is situated in the west of Hertfordshire, between the towns of Tring and Hemel Hempstead. It is also a civil parish with a designated Town Council within the administrative district (and borough since 1984) of Dacorum.
http://wn.com/Berkhamsted
Berkshire
Berkshire ( or , abbreviated Berks) is a historic county in the South East of England. It is also often referred to as the Royal County of Berkshire because of the presence of the royal residence of Windsor Castle in the county; this usage, which dates to the 19th century at least, was recognised by the Queen in 1958, and letters patent issued confirming this in 1974.
http://wn.com/Berkshire
Berlin
Berlin (; ) is the capital city of Germany and one of sixteen states of Germany. With a population of 3.4 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the eighth most populous urban area in the European Union. Located in northeastern Germany, it is the center of the Berlin-Brandenburg Metropolitan Area, comprising 5 million people from over 190 nations. Geographically embedded in the European Plains, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. Around one third of the city's territory is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers and lakes.
http://wn.com/Berlin
Bermondsey
Bermondsey () is an area in London on the south bank of the river Thames, and is part of the London Borough of Southwark. To the west lies Southwark, to the east Rotherhithe, and to the south, Walworth and Peckham.
http://wn.com/Bermondsey
Bethnal Green
{{Infobox UK place
http://wn.com/Bethnal_Green
Bexley College
Bexley College is a general further education college in the London Borough of Bexley, England. It has two campuses at Tower Road and Upper Holly Hill Road.
http://wn.com/Bexley_College
Bexleyheath
Bexleyheath is a suburban district of south London, England, located in the London Borough of Bexley. It is situated east south-east of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
http://wn.com/Bexleyheath
Big Ben
Big Ben is the nickname for the great bell of the clock at the north end of the Palace of Westminster in London, and is often extended to refer to the clock or the clock tower as well. It is the largest four-faced chiming clock and the third-tallest free-standing clock tower in the world. It celebrated its 150th anniversary in May 2009, during which celebratory events took place. The clock first ticked on 31 May 1859.
http://wn.com/Big_Ben
Billericay
Billericay ( ) is a small commuter town in Essex, England with a population of 40,000. The town lies 25 miles to the east of central London and 7.6 miles to the south of the county town of Chelmsford.
http://wn.com/Billericay
Birkbeck College
http://wn.com/Birkbeck_College
Bishop's Stortford
'''Bishop's Stortford''' is a market town and civil parish in the district of East Hertfordshire and county of Hertfordshire in England. It is situated just west of the M11 motorway, on the county boundary with Essex, and is the closest large town to London Stansted Airport, and part of the London commuter belt. Bishop's Stortford is north east of Charing Cross in the centre of London and Liverpool Street station where the train-line from Cambridge to London, which runs through the town, terminates. In the 2006 edition of the Channel 4 "Best and Worst Places to Live in the UK", East Hertfordshire was the seventh best district to live in. The town has a population of 34,826.
http://wn.com/Bishop's_Stortford
Bishopsgate Tower
The Pinnacle, also known as The Bishopsgate Tower and The Helter-Skelter, is a , 63-storey skyscraper currently under construction in the centre of London's main financial district, the City of London. It is one of several major towers planned for London, others being Shard London Bridge, Heron Tower, 122 Leadenhall Street and the 20 Fenchurch Street redevelopment. When topped out at the end of 2012, it will become the tallest building in the City of London and the second tallest building in both the United Kingdom and the European Union, after the Shard London Bridge, which is due for completion in May 2012.
http://wn.com/Bishopsgate_Tower
Bloomsbury
Bloomsbury is an area of central London between Euston Road and Holborn, developed by the Russell family in the 17th and 18th centuries into a fashionable residential area. It is notable for its array of garden squares,[http://www.gardenvisit.com/landscape/london/lguide/london-squares.htm Guide to London Squares]. Retrieved 8 March 2007. literary connections (exemplified by the Bloomsbury Group), and numerous hospitals and academic institutions.
http://wn.com/Bloomsbury
Bogotá
http://wn.com/Bogotá
Bond Street
Bond Street is a major shopping street in London which runs through Mayfair from Piccadilly in the south to Oxford Street in the north. It is one of the principal streets in the West End shopping district and is more upmarket than nearby Regent Street and Oxford Street. It is in the Mayfair district of London, and has been a fashionable shopping street since the 18th century. Technically "Bond Street" does not exist: The southern section is known as Old Bond Street, and the northern section, which is rather more than half the total length, is known as New Bond Street. This distinction, however, is not generally made in everyday usage.
http://wn.com/Bond_Street
Borehamwood
Borehamwood (sometimes referred to as Boreham Wood) is a town in southern Hertfordshire, situated north of London. It has a population of 28,546. It is part of the borough of Hertsmere within the London commuter belt, and of the civil parish of Elstree and Borehamhwood which, at the 2001 census, had a population of 33,311. There is one weekly newspaper, the Borehamwood and Elstree Times, commonly known as the Borehamwood Times.
http://wn.com/Borehamwood
Borough Market
Borough Market is a wholesale and retail food market in Southwark, South East London, England. It is one of the largest food markets in the world, and sells a large variety of foods from all over the world.
http://wn.com/Borough_Market
Bow, London
Bow () is an area of London, England, in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It is a built-up, mostly residential district located east of Charing Cross, and is a part of the East End.
http://wn.com/Bow_London
BR postcode area
http://wn.com/BR_postcode_area
Bracknell
Bracknell is a town in the Bracknell Forest borough of Berkshire, England. It lies to the south-east of Reading, southwest of Windsor and west of London.
http://wn.com/Bracknell
Brazil
Brazil (; , ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (, ), is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population. It is the only Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas and the largest lusophone country in the world.
http://wn.com/Brazil
Brent Cross
Brent Cross is an area of north London, in the London Borough of Barnet. It is located near the A41 Brent Cross Flyover over the A406 North Circular Road. Brent Cross is best known for its shopping centre and the proposed Brent Cross Cricklewood development.
http://wn.com/Brent_Cross
Brentford
Brentford is a suburban area of the London Borough of Hounslow at the confluence of the River Thames and the River Brent in west London, situated 8 miles (12.9 km) west south-west of Charing Cross.
http://wn.com/Brentford
Brentwood, Essex
Brentwood is a town, the principal settlement of the Borough of Brentwood, part of Essex in England. It is located in the London commuter belt, 20 miles (30 km) east north-east of Charing Cross in London and near the M25 motorway.
http://wn.com/Brentwood_Essex
Brick Lane
http://wn.com/Brick_Lane
Brighton
Brighton () is the major part of the city of Brighton and Hove (formed from the previous towns of Brighton, Hove, Portslade and several other villages) in East Sussex on the south coast of Great Britain. For administrative purposes, Brighton and Hove is not part of the non-metropolitan county of East Sussex, but remains part of the ceremonial county of East Sussex.
http://wn.com/Brighton
Brisbane
Brisbane () is the capital and most populous city in the Australian state of Queensland and the third most populous city in Australia. Brisbane's metropolitan area has an approximate population of 2 million. A resident of Brisbane is commonly known as a "Brisbanite".
http://wn.com/Brisbane
British Library
The British Library (BL) is the national library of the United Kingdom and the world's largest library in terms of total number of items. The library is one of the world's major research libraries, holding over 150 million items in all known languages and formats: books, journals, newspapers, magazines, sound and music recordings, patents, databases, maps, stamps, prints, drawings and much more. The Library's collections include around 14 million books (second only to the American Library of Congress), along with substantial holdings of manuscripts and historical items dating back as far as 300 BC.
http://wn.com/British_Library
Brixton
Brixton is a district in south London, England, in the London Borough of Lambeth. It is miles south south-east of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
http://wn.com/Brixton
Brixton Academy
The Brixton Academy, currently officially known as the O2 Academy, Brixton, is one of London's leading music venues, nightclubs and theatres. Situated in Brixton, South London, England, the building has hosted a range of leading rock acts since becoming a music venue in 1983. The maximum capacity is 4,921 (3,760 standing downstairs; 1,083 seated and 78 standing in the circle), alternatively the all-seated capacity is 2,391.
http://wn.com/Brixton_Academy
Broadgate Tower
The Broadgate Tower is a skyscraper in London's main financial district, the City of London. It was constructed from 2005 to 2009 and is currently the fourth tallest building in the City of London.
http://wn.com/Broadgate_Tower
Brockley
Brockley is a district of south London, England, located in the London Borough of Lewisham. It is situated south-east of Charing Cross.
http://wn.com/Brockley
Bromley
:"Widmore" redirects here. For the Lost character, see Charles Widmore
http://wn.com/Bromley
Broxbourne
Broxbourne is a commuter town in the Broxbourne borough of Hertfordshire in the East of England with a population of 13,298 in 2001.
http://wn.com/Broxbourne
Brussels
Brussels (, pronounced ; , pronounced ), officially the Brussels Region or Brussels-Capital Region (, Dutch: ), is the de facto capital city of the European Union (EU) and the largest urban area in Belgium. It comprises 19 municipalities, including the City of Brussels proper, which is the constitutional capital of Belgium, the seat of the French Community of Belgium and of the Flemish Community.
http://wn.com/Brussels
Bucharest
http://wn.com/Bucharest
Buckhurst Hill
Buckhurst Hill is a suburban town and civil parish in the Epping Forest district of Essex. The settlement is contiguous with Greater London, bordered to the south by the London Borough of Redbridge and to the north west by the London Borough of Waltham Forest, and forms part of the Greater London Urban Area. It has a population of 10,738.
http://wn.com/Buckhurst_Hill
Buckingham Palace
Buckingham Palace is the official London residence of the British monarch. Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is a setting for state occasions and royal hospitality. It has been a rallying point for the British people at times of national rejoicing and crisis.
http://wn.com/Buckingham_Palace
Budapest
http://wn.com/Budapest
Buenos Aires
http://wn.com/Buenos_Aires
Bulgaria
Bulgaria ( , Balgariya, ), officially the Republic of Bulgaria (, Republika Balgariya, ), is a country in Southern Europe. Bulgaria borders five other countries: Romania to the north (mostly along the Danube), Serbia and the Republic of Macedonia to the west, and Greece and Turkey to the south. The Black Sea defines the extent of the country to the east.
http://wn.com/Bulgaria
Burgess Hill
Burgess Hill is a civil parish and a town primarily located in the Mid Sussex district of West Sussex, England, close to the border with East Sussex, on the edge of the South Downs National Park. Located 38 miles (62 km) south of London, 10 miles (16 km) north of Brighton and Hove, and 29 miles (47 km) east-northeast of the county town of Chichester, it occupies an area of 2,339.57 acres (946.79 hectares) and had a population of 28,803 at the time of the 2001 Census, making it the most populous parish in the district. Other nearby towns include Haywards Heath to the north east and Lewes, the county town of East Sussex, to the south east.
http://wn.com/Burgess_Hill
Burgess Park
Burgess Park is a public park situated in the London Borough of Southwark, in an area between Camberwell, Walworth and Peckham. At 46ha (113 acres), it is one of the largest parks in South London.
http://wn.com/Burgess_Park
Burlington Arcade
The Burlington Arcade is a covered shopping arcade in London that runs behind Bond Street from Piccadilly through to Burlington Gardens. It is one of the precursors of the mid-19th century European shopping gallery and the modern shopping centre. The Burlington Arcade was built "for the sale of jewellery and fancy articles of fashionable demand, for the gratification of the public".
http://wn.com/Burlington_Arcade
Cadogan Hall
Cadogan Hall is a 900-seat concert hall on Sloane Terrace in Chelsea, London, in the United Kingdom. Previously, the building was the First Church of Christ, Scientist, completed in 1907 to designs by the architect Robert Fellowes Chisholm. By 1996, the congregations had diminished dramatically and the building fell into disuse. Mohamed Al Fayed, the owner of Harrods, had acquired the property, but Cadogan Estates Ltd (the property company owned by Earl Cadogan, whose ancestors have been the main landowners in Chelsea since the 18th century - the nearby Cadogan Square and Cadogan Place are also named after him) purchased the building in 2000. It is a Grade II listed building.
http://wn.com/Cadogan_Hall
Cairo
Cairo (; , literally "The Vanquisher" or "The Conqueror") is the capital of Egypt, the largest city in Africa and the Arab World, and one of the most densely populated cities in the world. Nicknamed "The City of a Thousand Minarets" for its preponderance of Islamic architecture, Cairo has long been a center of the region's political and cultural life. Even before Cairo was established in the 10th century, the land composing the present-day city was the site of national capitals whose remnants remain visible in parts of Old Cairo. Cairo is also associated with Ancient Egypt due to its proximity to the Great Sphinx and the pyramids in adjacent Giza.
http://wn.com/Cairo
Camberley
Camberley is a town in the Surrey Heath district in Surrey, England, situated 31 miles (50 km) southwest of central London, in the corridor between the M3 and M4 motorways. The town lies close to the borders of both Hampshire and Berkshire; the boundaries intersect on the western edge of the town where all three counties converge.
http://wn.com/Camberley
Camberwell
Camberwell is a district of south London, England, and forms part of the London Borough of Southwark. It is a built-up inner city district located southeast of Charing Cross. To the west it has a boundary with the London Borough of Lambeth.
http://wn.com/Camberwell
Camden Town
{{infobox UK place|
http://wn.com/Camden_Town
Canada
Canada () is a country in North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's second largest country by total area. Canada's common border with the United States to the south and northwest is the longest in the world.
http://wn.com/Canada
Canary Wharf
Canary Wharf is a major business district in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, England. Rivalling London's traditional financial centre, the City of London, Canary Wharf contains many of the United Kingdom's premier office spaces and tallest buildings.
http://wn.com/Canary_Wharf
Canonbury
Canonbury is a residential district in the London Borough of Islington in the north of London. It is roughly in the area between Essex Road, Upper Street and Cross Street and either side of St Paul's Road.
http://wn.com/Canonbury
Canterbury
Canterbury ( or ) is an English city which lies at the heart of the City of Canterbury, a district of Kent in South East England. It lies on the River Stour.
http://wn.com/Canterbury
Canvey Island
http://wn.com/Canvey_Island
Capel Manor College
Capel Manor is a horticultural further education college based in Bulls Cross, Enfield, London, United Kingdom. The college grounds double as a garden open to the public most of the year. (The students at the college tend to the gardens as part of their study), with a variety of events occurring. Including Bushcraft, Lambing Weekends, Herts Heavy Horse and Leatherwork and Garden Festivals. The grounds cover over .
http://wn.com/Capel_Manor_College
Cardiff
Cardiff (, {{lang-cy|) is the capital, largest city and most populous county of Wales. The city is Wales' chief commercial centre, the base for most national cultural and sporting institutions, the Welsh national media, and the seat of the National Assembly for Wales. According to recent estimates, the population of the unitary authority area is 324,800, while the wider metropolitan area has a population of nearly 1.1 million, more than a third of the total Welsh population. Cardiff is a significant tourism centre and the most popular visitor destination in Wales with 14.6 million visitors in 2009.
http://wn.com/Cardiff
Carnaby Street
Carnaby Street is a pedestrianised shopping street in London, United Kingdom, located in the Soho district, near Oxford Street and Regent Street. It is home to numerous fashion and lifestyle retailers, including a large number of independent fashion boutiques. The nearest London Underground station is Oxford Circus tube station (on the Bakerloo, Central and Victoria lines).
http://wn.com/Carnaby_Street
Carshalton
Carshalton is a suburban area of the London Borough of Sutton, England. It is located 10 miles (16.1 km) south-southwest of Charing Cross, situated in the valley of the River Wandle, one of the sources of which is Carshalton Ponds in the centre of the village. The combined population of the five wards comprising Carshalton was 45,525 at the 2001 census. It is in the UK Parliamentary constituency of Carshalton and Wallington.
http://wn.com/Carshalton
Carshalton College
Carshalton College is a further education college located in the Carshalton area of the London Borough of Sutton, in South London, England.
http://wn.com/Carshalton_College
Cass Business School
Cass Business School (short for the Sir John Cass Business School, City of London) is the business school of City University, London. Established in 1967 as the City University Business School (CUBS), the school changed its name in August 2002 following a donation from the Sir John Cass Foundation, an educational charity based in the City of London.
http://wn.com/Cass_Business_School
Catford
Catford is a district in south London, England, located in the London Borough of Lewisham. It is situated south-east of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
http://wn.com/Catford
Centre Court
:Centre Court is also a generic British English term for the main court at any tennis complex.
http://wn.com/Centre_Court
Centre Point
Centre Point is a substantial concrete and glass office building in central London, England, occupying 101-103 New Oxford Street, WC1, close to St Giles Circus and almost directly above Tottenham Court Road tube station. The site was once occupied by a gallows. The building was designed by Richard Seifert with engineers Pell Frischmann and was constructed by Wimpey Construction from 1963 to 1966. It is 117 m (385 ft) high, has 32 floors and of floor space and is the joint 27th tallest building in London. It was one of the first skyscrapers in London.
http://wn.com/Centre_Point
Charing Cross
Charing Cross denotes the junction of the Strand, Whitehall and Cockspur Street, just south of Trafalgar Square in Westminster within Central London, England. It is named after the site of a long demolished Eleanor cross (now occupied by a statue of King Charles I mounted on a horse) located at the former hamlet of Charing, at this point. Since the second half of the eighteenth century Charing Cross has been seen as the centre of London. It is the primary of the central datum points for measuring distances from London along with the London Stone and the doors of St Mary-le-Bow church.
http://wn.com/Charing_Cross
Charlton, London
Charlton is inner suburb of southeast London, England, and part of the London Borough of Greenwich. It is located east-southeast of Charing Cross. Charlton next Woolwich was an ancient parish in the county of Kent, which became part of the metropolitan area of London in 1855. It is home to Charlton Athletic F.C. and the location of Charlton House.
http://wn.com/Charlton_London
Chatham, Kent
Chatham ( "chat-um") is one of the Medway towns located within the Medway unitary authority, in North Kent, in South East England.
http://wn.com/Chatham_Kent
Chelsea, London
Chelsea is an area of Central London, England, bounded to the south by the River Thames, where its frontage runs from Chelsea Bridge along the Chelsea Embankment, Cheyne Walk, Lots Road and Chelsea Harbour. Its eastern boundary was once defined by the River Westbourne, which is now in a pipe above Sloane Square tube station. The modern eastern boundary is Chelsea Bridge Road and the lower half of Sloane Street, including Sloane Square, along with parts of Belgravia . To the north and northwest, the area fades into Knightsbridge and South Kensington, but it is safe to say that the area north of King's Road as far northwest as Fulham Road is part of Chelsea.
http://wn.com/Chelsea_London
Chennai
Chennai (Tamil: ), formerly known as Madras (Tamil: AKA ), is the capital city of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Chennai is the fourth most populous metropolitan area and the fifth most populous city in India. Located on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal, Chennai city had a population of 4.34 million in the 2001 census within the area administered by the Corporation of Chennai and an extended Metropolitan Population of 6.5 million. The urban agglomeration of metropolitan Chennai has an estimated population over 8.2 million people.
http://wn.com/Chennai
Chertsey
:For the municipality in Quebec see Chertsey, Quebec
http://wn.com/Chertsey
Chesham
Chesham (traditionally and locally or , although has become more common in usage) is a market town in the Chiltern Hills, Buckinghamshire, England. It is located 11 miles south-east of the county town of Aylesbury. Chesham is also a civil parish designated a town council within Chiltern district. It is situated in the Chess Valley and surrounded by farmland, as well as being bordered on one side by Amersham and Chesham Bois. The earliest records of Chesham as a settlement are from the second half of the 10th century although there is archaeological evidence of people in the area from around 8000 BC.
http://wn.com/Chesham
Cheshunt
Cheshunt () is a town in Hertfordshire, England with a population of around 52,000 according to the United Kingdom's 2001 Census. It is a dormitory town and part of the Greater London Urban Area and London commuter belt served by Cheshunt railway station. The town is located from Charing Cross, making it one of the closest parts of Hertfordshire to Central London.
http://wn.com/Cheshunt
Chessington
{{infobox UK place|
http://wn.com/Chessington
Chicago
Chicago ( or ) is the largest city in the state of Illinois. With over 2.8 million residents, it is the most populous city in the Midwestern United States and the third most populous city in the country. Its metropolitan area, commonly named "Chicagoland," is the 26th most populous in the world, home to an estimated 9.7 million people spread across the U.S. states of Illinois, Wisconsin, and Indiana. Chicago is the county seat of Cook County.
http://wn.com/Chicago
China
China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity.
http://wn.com/China
Chinatown, London
The name Chinatown has been used at different times to describe different places in London. The present Chinatown is in the Soho area of the City of Westminster, occupying the area in and around Gerrard Street. It contains a number of Chinese restaurants, bakeries, supermarkets, souvenir shops, and other Chinese-run businesses.
http://wn.com/Chinatown_London
Chingford
Chingford is a town in northeast London, England, and part of the London Borough of Waltham Forest. It is a suburban town situated northeast of Charing Cross. To the north and east of Chingford is Epping Forest and the boundary with Essex. To the west are the William Girling and King George V reservoirs, known collectively as the Chingford reservoirs, and the River Lea.
http://wn.com/Chingford
Chislehurst
Chislehurst () is a suburban settlement in south east London, England and an electoral ward of the London Borough of Bromley.
http://wn.com/Chislehurst
Chiswick
Chiswick () is a large suburb of west London, England and part of the London Borough of Hounslow. It is located on a meander of the River Thames, west of Charing Cross and is one of 35 major centres identified in the London Plan. It was historically an ancient parish in the county of Middlesex, with an agrarian and fishing economy. Having good communications with London from an early time the area became a popular country retreat, and as part of the suburban growth of London in the late 19th and early 20th centuries the population of Chiswick significantly expanded. With neighbouring Brentford, it became a municipal borough in 1932 and has formed part of Greater London since 1965.
http://wn.com/Chiswick
Chişinău
http://wn.com/Chişinău
City Hall (London)
City Hall is the headquarters of the Greater London Authority (GLA) which comprises the Mayor of London and London Assembly. It is located in Southwark, on the south bank of the River Thames near Tower Bridge. It was designed by Norman Foster and opened in July 2002, two years after the Greater London Authority was created.
http://wn.com/City_Hall_(London)
City of London
http://wn.com/City_of_London
City of San Marino
The City of San Marino, also known simply as San Marino, is the capital city of the Republic of San Marino on the Italian peninsula, near the Adriatic Sea. The city has a population of 4,493. It is on the western slopes of San Marino's highest point, Monte Titano.
http://wn.com/City_of_San_Marino
City of Westminster
The City of Westminster () is a London borough occupying much of the central area of London, England, including most of the West End. It is located to the west of and adjoining the ancient City of London, directly to the east of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea , and its southern boundary is the River Thames. It is an Inner London borough and was created in 1965 when Greater London was established. At its creation Westminster was awarded city status, which had been previously held by the smaller Metropolitan Borough of Westminster. Aside from a number of large parks and open spaces, the density of the district is high. Many sites thought of as being in London are actually in Westminster, including Buckingham Palace, the Houses of Parliament, and 10 Downing Street. The city is divided into a number of localities including the ancient political district of Westminster around the Palace of Westminster; the shopping areas around Oxford Street, Regent Street, Piccadilly and Bond Street; and the night time entertainment district of Soho. Much of the city is residential, and in 2008 it was estimated to have a population of 236,000. The local authority is Westminster City Council.
http://wn.com/City_of_Westminster
Clapham
Clapham is a district in south London, England, located in the London Borough of Lambeth.
http://wn.com/Clapham
Clarence House
Clarence House is a royal home in London, situated on The Mall, in the City of Westminster. It is attached to St. James's Palace and shares the palace's garden. For nearly 50 years, from 1953 to 2002, it was home to Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother, but is now the official residence of The Prince of Wales, The Duchess of Cornwall, and the Princes William and Harry. It is open to visitors for approximately two months each summer.
http://wn.com/Clarence_House
Clerkenwell
Clerkenwell () is an area of Central London in the London Borough of Islington. From 1900 to 1965 it was part of the Metropolitan Borough of Finsbury. The well after which it was named was rediscovered in 1924. The watchmaking and watch repairing trades were once of great importance. Clerkenwell was once known as London's "Little Italy" because of the large number of Italians living in the area from the 1850s until the 1960s.
http://wn.com/Clerkenwell
CM postcode area
The CM postcode area, also known as the Chelmsford postcode area, is a group of postcode districts in central Essex, England around the towns of Billericay, Braintree, Brentwood, Burnham-on-Crouch, Chelmsford, Dunmow, Epping, Harlow, Ingatestone, Maldon, Ongar, Southminster, Stansted and Witham.
http://wn.com/CM_postcode_area
Colchester
Colchester () is a historical army town and the largest settlement within the borough of Colchester in Essex, England.
http://wn.com/Colchester
Copenhagen
Copenhagen (, , , or ; or ) is the capital and largest city of Denmark, with an urban population of 1,181,239 (2010) and a metropolitan population of 1,894,521 (2010). Copenhagen is situated on the islands of Zealand and Amager. With around 2.7 million inhabitants within a 50 km radius, Copenhagen is one of the most densely populated areas in Northern Europe.
http://wn.com/Copenhagen
Coulsdon
Coulsdon (pronounced by the majority of its inhabitants now, although well into the 20th century the local pronunciation was 'Colesdon') is a town on the southernmost boundary of the London Borough of Croydon. It is surrounded by the Metropolitan Green Belt of the Farthing Down, Coulsdon Common and Kenley Common. The modern area designated Coulsdon comprises Old Coulsdon, which was the older and first settlement, and Smitham Bottom, which grew substantially with the coming of the railways.
http://wn.com/Coulsdon
County Hall, London
For the headquarters of the Greater London Authority, see City Hall (London).
http://wn.com/County_Hall_London
CR postcode area
http://wn.com/CR_postcode_area
Crawley
Crawley () is a town and local government district with Borough status in West Sussex, England. It is south of London, north of Brighton and Hove, and northeast of the county town of Chichester, covers an area of and had a population of 99,744 at the time of the 2001 Census.
http://wn.com/Crawley
Cricklewood
Cricklewood is a district of North London, England whose northeastern part is in the London Borough of Barnet, western part is the London Borough of Brent and southeastern part is in London Borough of Camden.
http://wn.com/Cricklewood
Croatia
Croatia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Croatia (Croatian: Republika Hrvatska ), is a country in Central Europe and Southeastern Europe at the crossroads of the Pannonian Plain, the Balkans, and the Adriatic Sea. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. Croatia borders Slovenia to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the southeast, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the southeast.
http://wn.com/Croatia
Crown Dependencies
The Crown Dependencies are British possessions of the Crown, as opposed to overseas territories of the United Kingdom. They comprise the Channel Island Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel, and the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea.
http://wn.com/Crown_Dependencies
Croxley Green
Croxley Green is a small town and civil parish of approximately 5,000 dwellings and 12,000 residents located between Watford (to the north-east) and Rickmansworth (to the south-west) in Hertfordshire, England. Croxley is about 20 miles north-west of London.
http://wn.com/Croxley_Green
Croydon
Croydon is a town in south London, England, located in the London Borough of Croydon. It is situated south of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 11 metropolitan centres in Greater London.
http://wn.com/Croydon
Cyprus
http://wn.com/Cyprus
Czech Republic
http://wn.com/Czech_Republic
DA postcode area
The DA postcode area, also known as the Dartford postcode area, is a group of 18 postcode districts in England, which are subdivisions of 11 post towns. Some of these postcode districts cover places in south east London, some cover places in north west Kent.
http://wn.com/DA_postcode_area
Dagenham
Dagenham is a large suburb in east London, England, forming the eastern part of the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham and located east of Charing Cross. It was historically an agrarian village in the county of Essex and remained mostly undeveloped until 1921 when the London County Council began construction of the large Becontree estate. The population of the area significantly increased during the 20th century, with the parish of Dagenham becoming an urban district in 1926 and a municipal borough in 1938. It has formed part of Greater London since 1965 and is a predominantly residential area, with some areas of declining industrial activity, including the Ford Dagenham assembly plant. The population is set to rise as the southern part of Dagenham, adjacent to the River Thames, forms part of the London Riverside section of the Thames Gateway redevelopment area.
http://wn.com/Dagenham
Dartford
Dartford is the principal town in the borough of Dartford. It is situated in the northwest corner of Kent, England, 16 miles (25 km) east south-east of central London.
http://wn.com/Dartford
Dartford Crossing
The Dartford - Thurrock River Crossing, Dartford River Crossing (DRC) (or simply the Dartford Crossing) is a major road crossing of the River Thames in England, connecting Dartford in the south to Thurrock in the north, via two road tunnels and the Queen Elizabeth II Bridge. It opened in stages, the west tunnel in 1963, the east tunnel in 1980, and the bridge in 1991. Until the opening of the bridge, built to the east of the two tunnels, the crossing was known as the Dartford Tunnel.
http://wn.com/Dartford_Crossing
Delhi
Delhi, known locally as Dilli (, , {{Lang-ur| '), and by the official name National Capital Territory of Delhi''' (NCT), is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest metropolis by population in India. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with more than 12.25 million inhabitants in the territory and with nearly 22.2 million residents in the National Capital Region urban area (which also includes Noida, Gurgaon, Greater Noida, Faridabad and Ghaziabad). The name Delhi is often also used to include some urban areas near the NCT, as well as to refer to New Delhi, the capital of India, which lies within the metropolis. The NCT is a federally administered union territory.
http://wn.com/Delhi
Denmark
http://wn.com/Denmark
Deptford
Deptford () is an area on the south bank of the River Thames in south-east London. It is named after a ford of the River Ravensbourne, and from the mid 16th century to the late 19th was home to Deptford Dockyard, the first of the Royal Dockyards. This was a major shipbuilding dock and attracted Peter the Great to come and study shipbuilding. Deptford and the docks are associated with the knighting of Sir Francis Drake by Queen Elizabeth I aboard the Golden Hind, the legend of Sir Walter Raleigh laying down his cape for Elizabeth, Captain James Cook's third voyage aboard Resolution, and the mysterious murder of Christopher Marlowe in a house along Deptford Strand.
http://wn.com/Deptford
Dhaka
http://wn.com/Dhaka
Dongguan
Dongguan (, ; Cantonese: Dung1 gun2; old spelling Tung-kuan) is a prefecture-level city in central Guangdong province, People's Republic of China.
http://wn.com/Dongguan
Dorking
Dorking is a historic market town at the foot of the North Downs approximately south of London, in Surrey, England.
http://wn.com/Dorking
Douglas, Isle of Man
Douglas () is the capital and largest town of the Isle of Man, with a population of 26,218 people (2006). It is located at the mouth of the River Douglas, and a sweeping bay of two miles. The River Douglas forms part of the town's harbour and main commercial port.
http://wn.com/Douglas_Isle_of_Man
Dublin
http://wn.com/Dublin
Dubrovnik
|
http://wn.com/Dubrovnik
Dunstable
Dunstable () is a market town and civil parish located in Bedfordshire, England. It lies on the eastward tail spurs of the Chiltern Hills, 30 miles north of London. These geographical features form several steep chalk escarpments most noticeable when approaching Dunstable from the north.
http://wn.com/Dunstable
E postcode area
The E (Eastern) postcode area, also known as the London E postcode area, is the part of the London post town covering part of east London, England and also Sewardstone in Essex.
http://wn.com/E_postcode_area
Ealing
Ealing is a district in west London, England, located in the London Borough of Ealing. It is situated west of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of the metropolitan centres in Greater London, and is often referred to as the "Queen of the Suburbs".
http://wn.com/Ealing
Earley
Earley is a town in Berkshire, United Kingdom with a population of around 30,000 people. It lies to the east of the large town of Reading, and runs directly into it. It is part of Wokingham Borough. In some usages, the name is spelt Erleigh or Erlegh. The town consists of a number of subordinate areas, including Maiden Erlegh and Lower Earley.
http://wn.com/Earley
East Grinstead
East Grinstead is a town and civil parish in the northeastern corner of Mid Sussex, West Sussex in England near the East Sussex, Surrey, and Kent borders. It lies south of London, north northeast of Brighton, and east northeast of the county town of Chichester. The civil parish covers an area of 2443.45 hectares (6,035 acres) and had a population of 23,942 persons in the 2001 census. Nearby towns include Crawley to the west, Tunbridge Wells to the east and Redhill and Reigate to the northwest. The town is continuous with the village of Felbridge to the northwest. Until 1974 East Grinstead was the centre for local government - East Grinstead Urban District Council - and was located in the county of East Sussex. East Grinstead, along with Haywards Heath and Burgess Hill, as part of the former Cuckfield Rural District Council, came together as Mid-Sussex; moving to the jurisdiction of West Sussex County Council. The town has many historic buildings and is located on the Greenwich Meridian. It is located in the Weald and Ashdown Forest lies to the south of the town.
http://wn.com/East_Grinstead
East Ham
East Ham is a suburban district of London, England, and part of the London Borough of Newham. It is a built-up district located 8 miles (12.8 km) east-northeast of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
http://wn.com/East_Ham
East Malling
http://wn.com/East_Malling
East Rand
The East Rand is the name of the urban eastern part of the Witwatersrand that is functionally merged with the Johannesburg conurbation. This area became settled by Europeans after a gold-bearing reef discovered in 1886 and sparked the gold rush that gave rise to the establishment of Johannesburg.
http://wn.com/East_Rand
EC postcode area
The EC (Eastern Central) postcode area, also known as the London EC postcode area, is a group of postcode districts in central London, England. It includes almost all of the City of London and parts of the London Boroughs of Islington, Camden, Hackney and Tower Hamlets. The area covered is of very high density development. Deliveries for the EC postcode area are made from the Mount Pleasant office.
http://wn.com/EC_postcode_area
Edgware
Edgware is a suburb of North London situated northwest of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London. It is principally a shopping and residential area and is one of the northern termini of the Northern Line. It has a bus garage, a shopping centre called The Broadwalk, a library, a large hospital—Edgware Community Hospital, and two streams—Edgware Brook and Deans Brook, both tributaries of the Silk Stream, which in turn merges with the River Brent at the Welsh Harp (Brent Reservoir).
http://wn.com/Edgware
Edinburgh
http://wn.com/Edinburgh
Edmonton
Edmonton () is the capital of the Canadian province of Alberta. The city is located on the North Saskatchewan River in the central region of the province, an area with some of the most fertile farmland on the prairies. It is the second largest city in Alberta after Calgary, and is the hub of Canada's sixth-largest census metropolitan area.
http://wn.com/Edmonton
Edmonton, London
Edmonton is an area in the east of the London Borough of Enfield, England, United Kingdom with a long history as a settlement distinct from Enfield. The man-made River Lee Diversion adjoins the east of Edmonton and forms the boundaries between Enfield and Chingford in Waltham Forest, east London.
http://wn.com/Edmonton_London
Egypt
http://wn.com/Egypt
Eltham
Eltham () is a district of south London, England, located in the London Borough of Greenwich. It is situated east south-east of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
http://wn.com/Eltham
EN postcode area
http://wn.com/EN_postcode_area
Enfield Town
Enfield Town is a area in the London Borough of Enfield, North London. It is north north-east of Charing Cross. Although the area now has none of the official attributes of a town, 'Town' remains the name of one of the wards of the borough. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
http://wn.com/Enfield_Town
England
England () is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the North Sea to the east, with the English Channel to the south separating it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
http://wn.com/England
Environment Agency
The Environment Agency () is a non-departmental public body of the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs and an Assembly Government Sponsored Body of the Welsh Assembly Government.
http://wn.com/Environment_Agency
Epping
Epping is a small market town and civil parish in the Epping Forest district of the County of Essex, England. It is located north-east of Loughton, south of Harlow and north-west of Brentwood.
http://wn.com/Epping
Epping Forest
Epping Forest is an area of ancient woodland in south-east England, straddling the border between north-east Greater London and Essex. It is a former royal forest, and is managed by the City of London Corporation.
http://wn.com/Epping_Forest
Erith
Erith () is a place in the London Borough of Bexley, southeast London on the River Thames. Erith's town centre has undergone a series of modernisations since 1961.
http://wn.com/Erith
ESCP Europe
http://wn.com/ESCP_Europe
European Parliament
The European Parliament (abbreviated as Europarl or the EP) is the directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union (EU). Together with the Council of the European Union (the Council), it forms the bicameral legislative branch of the EU and has been described as one of the most powerful legislatures in the world. The Parliament and Council form the highest legislative body within the EU. The Parliament is composed of 736 MEPs (Member of the European Parliament), who serve the second largest democratic electorate in the world (after India) and the largest trans-national democratic electorate in the world (375 million eligible voters in 2009).
http://wn.com/European_Parliament
Ewell
Ewell is a village in the borough of Epsom and Ewell in Surrey, close to the southern boundary of Greater London. It is located 14 miles (22.5 km) south-south-west of Charing Cross and forms part of the suburbia that surrounds Greater London. Despite its growing population it is still referred to as a village by locals and largely maintains a rural character. Ewell is at the head of the Hogsmill river, a tributary of the River Thames, and the spring has likely been considered sacred dating back into pre-history.
http://wn.com/Ewell
Farnham
Farnham is a town in Surrey, England, within the Borough of Waverley. The town is situated some 42 miles (67 km) southwest of London in the extreme west of Surrey, adjacent to the border with Hampshire. By road Guildford is 11 miles (17 km) to the east, Aldershot 4 miles (7 km) to the north-east, the village of Runfold 2 miles (3 km) to the north-north-east and Winchester 28 miles (45 km) to the south-west. It is of historic interest, with many old buildings, including a number of Georgian houses. Farnham Castle overlooks the town. A short distance south-east of the town centre are the ruins of Waverley Abbey, Moor Park House and Mother Ludlam's Cave. Farnham is twinned with Andernach in Germany.
http://wn.com/Farnham
Faroe Islands
The Faroe Islands (, ) are an island group situated between the Norwegian Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, approximately halfway between Great Britain and Iceland. The Faroe Islands are a constituent country of the Kingdom of Denmark, along with Denmark proper and Greenland.
http://wn.com/Faroe_Islands
Feltham
Feltham () is a town in the London Borough of Hounslow, west London. It is located about west south west of central London at Charing Cross and from Heathrow Airport Central. It is the location of Feltham Young Offenders' Institution, situated near the town's border with Ashford and the neighbouring village of East Bedfont.
http://wn.com/Feltham
Finchley
Finchley is a district in Barnet in north London, England. Finchley is on high ground, about out 11 km (7 miles) north of Charing Cross. It formed an ancient parish in the county of Middlesex, becoming a municipal borough in 1933, and has formed part of Greater London since 1965. It is predominantly a residential suburb, with three town centres.
http://wn.com/Finchley
Finland
Finland (pronounced ), officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden on the west, Norway on the north and Russia on the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.
http://wn.com/Finland
Fleet Street
Fleet Street is a street in London, England, named after the River Fleet, a London stream that now flows underground. It was the home of the British press until the 1980s. Even though the last major British news office, Reuters, left in 2005, the street's name continues to be used as a metonym for the British national press.
http://wn.com/Fleet_Street
Fleet, Hampshire
Fleet is a town and civil parish in the county of Hampshire, England, located 37 miles (60 km) south west of London. It is part of Hart District. The 2007 population forecast for Fleet was 31,687.
http://wn.com/Fleet_Hampshire
Forest Gate
Forest Gate is a residential area in the London Borough of Newham.
http://wn.com/Forest_Gate
Forest Hill, London
Forest Hill is a district of south London, England, located in the London Borough of Lewisham. It situated between Dulwich and Sydenham. The area has enjoyed extensive investment since plans to extend the East London Line to Forest Hill were unveiled in 2004.
http://wn.com/Forest_Hill_London
Foshan
http://wn.com/Foshan
France
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/France
Fulham
Fulham () is an affluent area of southwest London in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, SW6 (the successor to the Metropolitan Borough of Fulham) located south west of Charing Cross. It is situated in between Putney and Chelsea. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
http://wn.com/Fulham
Gatwick Airport
Gatwick Airport, formerly known as (and still commonly referred to as) London Gatwick Airport is located north of the centre of Crawley, West Sussex, and south of Central London. It is London's second largest international airport and second busiest by total passenger traffic in the United Kingdom after Heathrow. Gatwick has the world's busiest single-use runway and is Europe's leading airport for point-to-point flights.
http://wn.com/Gatwick_Airport
Georgia (country)
http://wn.com/Georgia_(country)
Germany
Germany (), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (, ), is a country in Western Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The territory of Germany covers 357.021 km2 and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state of the European Union, and home to the third-largest number of international migrants worldwide.
http://wn.com/Germany
Ghana
http://wn.com/Ghana
Gibraltar
Gibraltar () is a British overseas territory located on the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula at the entrance of the Mediterranean, overlooking the Strait of Gibraltar. The territory itself is a peninsula of whose isthmus connects to the north with Spain. The Rock of Gibraltar is the major landmark of the area and gives its name to the densely populated town, home to almost 30,000 Gibraltarians.
http://wn.com/Gibraltar
Gillingham, Kent
Gillingham () is a town in the unitary authority of Medway in South East England. It is part of the ceremonial county of Kent. The town includes the settlements of Brompton, Hempstead, Rainham, Rainham Mark and Twydall.
http://wn.com/Gillingham_Kent
Glasgow
Glasgow ( (); (pronounced )) is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom. The city is situated on the River Clyde in the country's west central lowlands. A person from Glasgow is known as a Glaswegian, which is also the name of the local dialect.
http://wn.com/Glasgow
Godalming
Godalming () is a town and civil parish in the Waverley district of the county of Surrey, England, south of Guildford. It is built on the banks of the River Wey and is a prosperous part of the London commuter belt. Godalming shares a three-way twinning arrangement with the towns of Joigny in France and Mayen in Germany. Friendship links are in place with the state of Georgia in the United States and the city of Moscow in Russia. James Oglethorpe, of Godalming and educated at Charterhouse School, was the founder of the colony of Georgia.
http://wn.com/Godalming
Golders Green
Golders Green is an area in the London Borough of Barnet in London, England. Although having some earlier history, it is essentially a 19th century suburban development situated about 5.3 miles (8.5 km) north west of Charing Cross and centred on the crossroads of Golders Green Road and Finchley Road.
http://wn.com/Golders_Green
Gravesend, Kent
Gravesend is a town in northwest Kent, England, on the south bank of the Thames, opposite Tilbury in Essex. It is the administrative town of the Borough of Gravesham and, because of its geographical position, has always had an important role to play in the history and communications of this part of England. It still retains today a strong link with the river. The opening of the Eurostar railway station at Ebbsfleet, and the fact that it lies with the Thames Gateway, add to the town's importance.
http://wn.com/Gravesend_Kent
Grays
Grays (or Grays Thurrock) is the largest town in the borough and unitary authority of Thurrock in Essex and one of the Thurrock's traditional (Church of England) parishes. It is situated approximately 20 miles (32 km) to the east of London on the north bank of the River Thames.
http://wn.com/Grays
Great Fire of London
:This article is about the 1666 fire of London. For other "Great Fires", see List of historic fires; for other notable fires in London, see Early fires of London and Second Great Fire of London.
http://wn.com/Great_Fire_of_London
Greater Buenos Aires
http://wn.com/Greater_Buenos_Aires
Greater London
Greater London is the top-level administrative subdivision covering London, England, United Kingdom. The administrative area was officially created in 1965 and covers the City of London, including Middle Temple and Inner Temple, and the 32 London boroughs (including the City of Westminster). Its area also forms the London region of England and the London European Parliament constituency. The region has by far the highest GDP per capita in the United Kingdom. It covers 1572 km2 (607 square miles) and had a 2006 mid-year estimated population of 7,512,400. The term Greater London was in use before 1965 to refer to a variously defined area, larger than the County of London and often similar to the Metropolitan Police District.
http://wn.com/Greater_London
Greater Mexico City
http://wn.com/Greater_Mexico_City
Greater Tokyo Area
http://wn.com/Greater_Tokyo_Area
Greece
http://wn.com/Greece
Greenwich
Greenwich ( -itch, -idge by incomers and Americans, or -idge by locals) is a district of South East London, England, located in the London Borough of Greenwich.
http://wn.com/Greenwich
Guangzhou
http://wn.com/Guangzhou
Guernsey
The Bailiwick of Guernsey ( ; , ) is a British Crown Dependency in the English Channel off the coast of Normandy.
http://wn.com/Guernsey
Guildford
Guildford () is the county town of Surrey. England, as well as the seat for the borough of Guildford and the administrative headquarters of the South East England region. It is situated 27 miles (43 km) southwest of London on the A3 trunk road linking the capital to Portsmouth.
http://wn.com/Guildford
Guildhall, London
The Guildhall is a building in the City of London, off Gresham and Basinghall streets, in the wards of Bassishaw and Cheap. It has been used as a town hall for several hundred years, and is still the ceremonial and administrative centre of the City of London and its Corporation. The term Guildhall refers both to the whole building and to its main room, which is a medieval-style great hall. The Guildhall complex houses the offices of the City of London Corporation and various public facilities.
http://wn.com/Guildhall_London
HA postcode area
http://wn.com/HA_postcode_area
Hackney Central
Hackney Central is the central district of the London Borough of Hackney in London, England. It comprises the area roughly surrounding, and extending north from Mare Street. It is situated north east of Charing Cross. It is also the name of Hackney Central ward, an electoral division for Hackney Council.
http://wn.com/Hackney_Central
Hackney College
Hackney College is sometimes used to refer to Hackney Community College, a popular further education college in London Borough of Hackney. It's latest Ofsted inspection in 2010 rated the college as 'Good', with strengths including safe and friendly environment; high standard of facilities; good student progression; good care, guidance and support; and outstanding partnerships.
http://wn.com/Hackney_College
Hadleigh, Essex
Hadleigh is a town in southeast Essex, England, on the A13 between Benfleet and Leigh-on-Sea with a population of about 18,300.
http://wn.com/Hadleigh_Essex
Hamilton, Ontario
:For Hamilton Township in Northumberland County, see Hamilton, Ontario (township)
http://wn.com/Hamilton_Ontario
Hamleys
Hamleys is one of the world's largest toy shops. Its flagship store is in Regent Street, London. Major stores worldwide are in Dublin, Dubai, Amman, Glasgow and Mumbai.
http://wn.com/Hamleys
Hammersmith
Hammersmith is an urban centre in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham in west London, approximately 5 miles (8 km) west of Charing Cross on the north bank of the River Thames. One of west London's key transport hubs and commercial and employment centres, and home to several multinational company offices, it is focused on the two London Underground stations, bus station and road network node at Hammersmith Broadway. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
http://wn.com/Hammersmith
Hampstead
http://wn.com/Hampstead
Hampstead Heath
Hampstead Heath (locally known as "the Heath") is a large, ancient London park, covering . This grassy public space sits astride a sandy ridge, one of the highest points in London, running from Hampstead to Highgate, which rests on a band of London clay. The Heath is rambling and hilly, embracing ponds, recent and ancient woodlands, a lido, playgrounds, and a training track, and it adjoins the stately home of Kenwood House and its grounds. South of the Heath is Parliament Hill, whose view over London is protected by law.
http://wn.com/Hampstead_Heath
Hampton Court Palace
Hampton Court Palace is a royal palace in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames in south west London; it has not been lived in by the British royal family since the 18th century. The palace is located south west of Charing Cross and upstream of Central London on the River Thames. It was originally built for Cardinal Wolsey, a favourite of King Henry VIII, circa 1514; in 1529, as Wolsey fell from favour, the palace was passed to the King, who enlarged it.
http://wn.com/Hampton_Court_Palace
Harlow
Harlow is a new town and local government district in Essex, England. It is located in the west of the county and on the border with Hertfordshire, on the Stort Valley, The town is near the M11 motorway and forms part of the London commuter belt.The district has a current population of 78,889 (2010 estimate).
http://wn.com/Harlow
Harpenden
Harpenden is a town in Hertfordshire, England.
http://wn.com/Harpenden
Harrods
Harrods is a high-end department store located on Brompton Road in Knightsbridge, in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, London, England. The Harrods brand also applies to other enterprises undertaken by the Harrods group of companies including Harrods Bank, Harrods Estates, Harrods Aviation and Air Harrods, and Harrods Buenos Aires.
http://wn.com/Harrods
Harrow, London
Harrow is a area in the London Borough of Harrow, northwest London. It is a suburb situated 12.2 miles (16.4 km) northwest of Charing Cross. It is one of the major metropolitan centres identified in the London Plan and in Boris Johnson's draft replacement London Plan the central area,to be known as the Harrow and Wealdstone Intensification Area, is identified for growth of at least 1,500 new homes and 2,000 jobs.
http://wn.com/Harrow_London
Haywards Heath
Haywards Heath is a town in the Mid Sussex District of West Sussex, England. It lies south of London, north of Brighton, south of Gatwick Airport and east northeast of the county town of Chichester. Nearby towns include Burgess Hill to the southwest, Horsham to the northwest, Crawley north northwest and East Grinstead north northeast. Being a commuter town, many of the residents commute daily via rail to London, Crawley or Gatwick for work.
http://wn.com/Haywards_Heath
Helsinki
Helsinki (; , ) is the capital and largest city in Finland. It is in the southern part of Finland, in the region of Uusimaa/Nyland, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, by the Baltic Sea. The population of the city of Helsinki is (), making it the most populous municipality in Finland by a wide margin. Helsinki is located some east of Stockholm, Sweden, west of St. Petersburg, Russia and north of Tallinn, Estonia. Helsinki has close connections with these three cities.
http://wn.com/Helsinki
Hemel Hempstead
Hemel Hempstead is a town in Hertfordshire in the south east of England, to the north west of London. The population at the 2001 Census was 81,143 (but now estimated at around 89,000 by Hertfordshire County Council).
http://wn.com/Hemel_Hempstead
Hendon
Hendon is a London suburb situated northwest of Charing Cross.
http://wn.com/Hendon
Hertford
Hertford ( or ) is the county town of Hertfordshire, England, and is also a civil parish in the East Hertfordshire district of the county. In 2006 East Hertfordshire was ranked within the top 10 places to live in the UK following a survey commissioned by the Channel 4 TV station. Forming a civil parish, the 2001 census put the population of Hertford at about 24,180. Recent estimates are that it is now around 28,000. The name is Anglo Saxon and means the ford frequented by harts or stags.
http://wn.com/Hertford
Hertfordshire
Hertfordshire ( or ; abbreviated Herts) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in the East region of England. The county town is Hertford.
http://wn.com/Hertfordshire
High Wycombe
:This is the article about the town in Buckinghamshire, UK. For the article about the suburb of Perth, Western Australia, please see High Wycombe, Western Australia
http://wn.com/High_Wycombe
Highams Park
Highams Park is a district in the London Borough of Waltham Forest, England, adjacent to Epping Forest. The forest at Highams Park contains a boating lake formed by Humphry Repton after damming the River Ching. There are parks and basic shopping facilities such as Budgens, but no major supermarket. Tesco made numerous planning applications to build a store on part of the industrial estate. Initial plans made in 2007 were rejected by then Local Government Secretary Ruth Kelly although a revised planning application was passed in 2009 despite the efforts of some local residents to stop the application going ahead.
http://wn.com/Highams_Park
Highbury
Highbury is an area in the London Borough of Islington.
http://wn.com/Highbury
Highgate
Highgate is an area of North London on the north-eastern corner of Hampstead Heath.
http://wn.com/Highgate
Highgate School
'''Sir Roger Cholmeley's School at Highgate (Highgate School)''' is a British independent school in Highgate, London, England. Originally a free charity school for local boys, it became during the nineteenth century one of England's leading public schools. It is a member of both the Headmaster's Conference and the Eton Group. Highgate no longer takes boarders and recently moved towards co-education ending over 400 years of single sex education. According to the Good Schools Guide, "Its decision to go co-ed has helped to put its popularity and academic standards on upward trajectories."
http://wn.com/Highgate_School
Hillcroft College
Hillcroft College is a residential adult education college for women, located in Surbiton area of the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames in South London, England.
http://wn.com/Hillcroft_College
Hillingdon
Hillingdon is a place in the London Borough of Hillingdon. It is a suburban development situated 14.2 miles (22.8 km) west of Charing Cross.
http://wn.com/Hillingdon
Hitchin
Hitchin is a town in Hertfordshire, England with an estimated population of 30,360.
http://wn.com/Hitchin
HMS Belfast (C35)
{|
http://wn.com/HMS_Belfast_(C35)
Ho Chi Minh City
http://wn.com/Ho_Chi_Minh_City
Hoddesdon
Hoddesdon is a town in the English county of Hertfordshire, situated in the Lea Valley. The town grew up as a coaching stop on the route between Cambridge and London. It is near Cheshunt, and a few miles from Bishop's Stortford. At its height during the eighteenth century, more than 35 coaches a day would pass through the town. It saw a boom in the mid twentieth century as gravel was extracted from the area to be exhausted by the 1970s. The lakes and water pits left behind have been used for local leisure amenities. Today Hoddesdon has a little light industry but is mainly a London commuter belt town. Hoddesdon hosted the eighth Congres Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne in 1951. It is twinned with the Belgian city of Dinant.
http://wn.com/Hoddesdon
Holborn
http://wn.com/Holborn
Holloway, London
Holloway is an inner-city district in the London Borough of Islington located 3.8 miles north of Charing Cross and follows for the most part, the line of the Holloway Road (A1 road). At the centre of Holloway is the Nag's Head area. It is home to a very multicultural population and is one of the most densely populated areas of London.
http://wn.com/Holloway_London
Hong Kong
Hong Kong () is one of two special administrative regions (SARs) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the other being Macau. Situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour. With a land mass of and a population of seven million people, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Hong Kong's population is 95 percent ethnic Chinese and 5 percent from other groups. Hong Kong's Han Chinese majority originate mainly from the cities of Guangzhou and Taishan in the neighbouring Guangdong province.
http://wn.com/Hong_Kong
Hook, London
{{infobox UK place|
http://wn.com/Hook_London
Horley
Horley is a town in Surrey, England, situated south of the twin towns of Reigate and Redhill, and north of Gatwick Airport and Crawley.
http://wn.com/Horley
Hornchurch
{{Infobox UK place|
http://wn.com/Hornchurch
Horse Guards Parade
Horse Guards Parade is a large parade ground off Whitehall in central London, at grid reference . It is the site of the annual ceremonies of Trooping the Colour, which commemorates the monarch's official birthday, and Beating Retreat. It was formerly the site of the Palace of Whitehall's tiltyard, where tournaments were held in the time of Henry VIII. It was also the scene of annual celebrations of the birthday of Queen Elizabeth I.
http://wn.com/Horse_Guards_Parade
Horsham
Horsham is a market town situated on the upper reaches of the River Arun in the centre of the Weald, in the county of West Sussex, England with a population of 55,657 (2008). It lies south southwest from London, northwest from Brighton and northeast from the county town of Chichester. Nearby towns include Crawley to the northeast and Haywards Heath and Burgess Hill to the southeast. It is the administrative and market centre of Horsham District Councilarea.
http://wn.com/Horsham
Houghton Regis
Houghton Regis () is a town and civil parish sandwiched between the major towns of Luton to the east and Dunstable to the west. The parish includes the ancient hamlets of Bidwell, Thorn and Sewell. Houghton Regis, along with its near neighbours of Dunstable and Luton form the Luton/Dunstable Urban Area, with a population over 230,000.
http://wn.com/Houghton_Regis
Hounslow
Hounslow is the principal town in the London Borough of Hounslow. It is a suburban development situated 10.6 miles (17 km) west south-west of Charing Cross. It forms a post town in the TW postcode area.
http://wn.com/Hounslow
Hungary
http://wn.com/Hungary
Iceland
:
http://wn.com/Iceland
IG postcode area
http://wn.com/IG_postcode_area
Ilford
Ilford is a large suburban town in northeast London, England and the administrative headquarters of the London Borough of Redbridge. It is located northeast of Charing Cross and is one of the major metropolitan centres identified in the London Plan. It forms a significant commercial and retail centre surrounded by extensive residential development. Ilford was historically a small rural settlement in the county of Essex and its strategic position on the River Roding and the London to Colchester road caused it to develop as a coaching town. The arrival of the railway in 1839 eventually accelerated that growth and as part of the suburban growth of London in the 20th century, Ilford significantly expanded and increased in population, becoming a municipal borough in 1926 and has formed part of Greater London since 1965.
http://wn.com/Ilford
Incheon
Incheon (), officially the Incheon Metropolitan City, is South Korea's third largest metropolis, after Seoul and Busan. As the largest seaport on the west coast and home to the country's largest airport, Incheon International Airport, Incheon is South Korea's most important transport hub. In the 21st century, Incheon has transformed into a global business hub centered around the high-tech and futuristic Songdo International City, which is home to South Korea's tallest building, the 305m supertall Northeast Asia Trade Tower.
http://wn.com/Incheon
India
India (), officially the Republic of India ( ; see also official names of India), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.18 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Mainland India is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east; and it is bordered by Pakistan to the west; Bhutan, the People's Republic of China and Nepal to the north; and Bangladesh and Burma to the east. In the Indian Ocean, mainland India and the Lakshadweep Islands are in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives, while India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share maritime border with Thailand and the Indonesian island of Sumatra in the Andaman Sea. India has a coastline of .
http://wn.com/India
Indonesia
Indonesia ( or ), officially the Republic of Indonesia (), is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia comprises 17,508 islands. With a population of around 238 million people, it is the world's fourth most populous country, and has the world's largest population of Muslims. Indonesia is a republic, with an elected legislature and president. The nation's capital city is Jakarta. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia. Other neighboring countries include Singapore, Philippines, Australia, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Indonesia is a founding member of ASEAN and a member of the G-20 major economies.
http://wn.com/Indonesia
Inner Temple
The Honourable Society of the Inner Temple, commonly known as Inner Temple, is one of the four Inns of Court (professional associations for barristers and judges) in London. To be called to the Bar and practise as a barrister in England and Wales, an individual must belong to one of these Inns. It is located in the wider Temple area of the capital, near the Royal Courts of Justice, and within the City of London.
http://wn.com/Inner_Temple
Isle of Dogs
The Isle of Dogs is a former island in the East End of London that is bounded on three sides (east, south and west) by one of the largest meanders in the River Thames.
http://wn.com/Isle_of_Dogs
Isle of Man
The Isle of Man (; , ), otherwise known simply as Mann (, ), is a self-governing British Crown Dependency, located in the Irish Sea between the islands of Great Britain and Ireland, within the British Isles. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, who holds the title of Lord of Mann. The Lord of Mann is represented by a Lieutenant Governor. The island is not part of the United Kingdom, but its foreign relations and defence are the responsibility of the UK Government. Although it does not usually interfere in the island's domestic matters, its "good government" is the ultimate responsibility of the Crown (i.e., in practice, the Government of the United Kingdom).
http://wn.com/Isle_of_Man
Isleworth
Isleworth is a small town of Saxon origin sited within the London Borough of Hounslow in west London, England. It lies immediately east of the town of Hounslow and west of the River Thames and its tributary the River Crane. Isleworth's original area of settlement, alongside the Thames, is known as 'Old Isleworth'. The north-west corner of the town, bordering on Osterley to the north and Lampton to the west, is known as 'Spring Grove'.
http://wn.com/Isleworth
Islington
Islington () is the central district of the London Borough of Islington. It is an inner-city district in London, spanning from Islington High Street to Highbury Fields, encompassing the area around the busy Upper Street. The name is now also often applied to the areas of the borough close to Upper Street such as Barnsbury, Canonbury, and De Beauvoir Town, developed in the Georgian era.
http://wn.com/Islington
Istanbul
Istanbul (), historically known as Constantinople(See Names of Istanbul for further information) is the largest city in Turkey and 5th largest city proper in the world with a population of 12.8 million, also making it the second largest metropolitan area in Europe by population, and the largest metropolitan city proper. Istanbul is also a megacity, as well as the cultural, economic, and financial centre of Turkey. The city covers 39 districts of the Istanbul province. It is located on the Bosphorus Strait and encompasses the natural harbour known as the Golden Horn, in the northwest of the country. It extends both on the European (Thrace) and on the Asian (Anatolia) sides of the Bosphorus, and is thereby the only metropolis in the world that is situated on two continents. Istanbul is a designated alpha world city.
http://wn.com/Istanbul
Italy
http://wn.com/Italy
Jabodetabek
Jabotabek (or Jabodetabek) is an officially recognized definition and term given to the urban region surrounding Jakarta, Indonesia in 2000, officially including five municipalities and three regencies. While a separate study by an international firm listed the region as having a population of 18.9 million, the population of Jabotabek in the Indonesia 2000 census by the Indonesian government was officially counted to be 23.3 million, with results from Indonesian Census 2010 totaling 26.6 million.
http://wn.com/Jabodetabek
Jakarta
Jakarta (; Indonesian: ), officially the Special Capital Territory of Jakarta, is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Located on the northwest coast of Java, it has an area of and a 2010 census count population of 9,580,000. Jakarta is the country's economic, cultural and political centre. It is the most populous city in Indonesia and in Southeast Asia, and is the twelfth-largest city in the world. The metropolitan area, Jabodetabek, is the second largest in the world. Jakarta is listed as a global city in the 2008 Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network (GaWC) research. The city's name is derived from the Old Javanese word "Jayakarta" which translates as "victorious deed", "complete act", or "complete victory".
http://wn.com/Jakarta
Jamaica
http://wn.com/Jamaica
Japan
http://wn.com/Japan
Jersey
http://wn.com/Jersey
Johannesburg
Johannesburg (, ) also known as Jozi, '''Jo'burg or eGoli''', is the largest city in South Africa. Johannesburg is the provincial capital of Gauteng, the wealthiest province in South Africa, having the largest economy of any metropolitan region in Sub-Saharan Africa.. The city is one of the 40 largest metropolitan areas in the world, and is also the world's largest city not situated on a river, lake, or coastline.
http://wn.com/Johannesburg
Karachi
Karachi (: , {{lang-ur|) is the largest city, main seaport and financial centre of Pakistan, and the capital of the province of Sindh. With an estimated population of about 18 million, Karachi is one of the world's largest cities in terms of population, the 13th largest urban agglomeration, the 4th largest metropolitan area in the world, and the 2nd largest city within the Organisation of the Islamic Conference. It is Pakistan's premier centre of banking, industry, and trade and is home to Pakistan's largest corporations, including those involved in textiles, shipping, automotive industry, entertainment, the arts, fashion, advertising, publishing, software development and medical research. The city is a major hub of higher education in South Asia and the wider Islamic world.
http://wn.com/Karachi
Kazakhstan
http://wn.com/Kazakhstan
Kennington
Kennington is an area of South London, England, in the London Borough of Lambeth. It is a mixed class residential area, and is the location of The Oval cricket ground. Kennington covers the SE11 postcode.
http://wn.com/Kennington
Kensal Green
Kensal Green is a neighbourhood in the London Borough of Brent. The area is also referred to as Kensal Rise.
http://wn.com/Kensal_Green
Kensington
Kensington is a district of west London, England within the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. An affluent and densely-populated area, its commercial heart is Kensington High Street and it contains the well-known museum district of South Kensington.
http://wn.com/Kensington
Kensington Gardens
Kensington Gardens, once the private gardens of Kensington Palace, is one of the Royal Parks of London, lying immediately to the west of Hyde Park. Most of it is in the City of Westminster, but a section to the west is in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. The park covers an area of 111 hectares (275 acres).
http://wn.com/Kensington_Gardens
Kensington Palace
Kensington Palace is a royal residence set in Kensington Gardens in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in London, England. It has been a residence of the British Royal Family since the 17th century. Today it is the official residence of The Duke and Duchess of Gloucester, the Duke and Duchess of Kent and Prince and Princess Michael of Kent. Kensington Palace is also used on an unofficial basis by Prince Harry, as well as his cousin Zara Phillips.
http://wn.com/Kensington_Palace
Kent
Kent (), originally Cantia, is a county in southeast England, and is one of the home counties. It borders East Sussex, Surrey and Greater London and has a defined boundary with Essex in the middle of the River Thames estuary. The ceremonial county boundaries of Kent include the shire county of Kent and the unitary borough of Medway. Kent has a nominal border with France halfway through the Channel Tunnel. Maidstone is its county town and historically Rochester and Canterbury have been accorded city status, though only the latter still holds it.
http://wn.com/Kent
Kentish Town
Kentish Town is an area of north west London, England in the London Borough of Camden.
http://wn.com/Kentish_Town
Kenwood House
Kenwood House (also known as the Iveagh Bequest) is a former stately home, in Hampstead, London, on the northern boundary of Hampstead Heath. It is managed by English Heritage.
http://wn.com/Kenwood_House
Kenya
The Republic of Kenya (pronounced ) is a country in East Africa. Lying along the Indian Ocean to its southeast and at the equator, Kenya is bordered by Somalia to the northeast, Ethiopia to the north, Sudan to the northwest, Uganda to the west and Tanzania to the south. Lake Victoria is to the southwest and is shared between Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. Kenya has numerous wildlife reserves, containing thousands of animal species. The capital city is Nairobi. Kenya's area is 580,000 km2 with a population of nearly 39 million which is diverse: more than 40 different ethnic groups are present. The country is named after Mount Kenya, a significant landmark and second among Africa's highest mountain peaks.
http://wn.com/Kenya
Kilburn, London
Kilburn is an area of north west London, England, which is divided between three London Boroughs, Brent, Camden, and a small part in Westminster. The main thoroughfare running northwest-southeast is Kilburn High Road, part of the modern A5 road which forms the boundary between the boroughs of Brent and Camden. The road dates back to pre-Roman times and is part of the Roman road known as Watling Street. The town of Kilburn has its origins in a 12th century priory on the banks of the Kilburn Brook. Kilburn today is a busy and multicultural London district. It has the highest Irish population of any London area, as well as a large Afro-Caribbean population. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
http://wn.com/Kilburn_London
King's Road
'''King's Road or Kings Road, known popularly as The King's Road or The KR''', is a major, well-known street in Chelsea, west London, England. It is traditionally associated with 1960s style, and fashion figures such as Mary Quant and Vivienne Westwood.
http://wn.com/King's_Road
Kingdom of England
http://wn.com/Kingdom_of_England
Kings Cross, London
'''King's Cross''' is an area of London partly in the London Borough of Camden and partly in the London Borough of Islington. It is an inner-city district located 2.5 miles (4.8 km) north of Charing Cross. The area formerly had a reputation for being a red light district and run-down. However, rapid regeneration since the mid 1990s has rendered this reputation largely out-of-date. Since November 2007 the area has been the terminus of the Eurostar rail service at St Pancras International, with services to France and Belgium. Regeneration continues under the auspices of King's Cross Central which is a major redevelopment in the north of the area. Many more hotels, restaurants, and cultural venues have made the area a cultural centre in the 2000s, and there is also substantial business activity and residential accommodation.
http://wn.com/Kings_Cross_London
Kingston University
Kingston University is a university in Kingston upon Thames in southwest London. Formerly a polytechnic, it was granted university status in 1992 under the Further and Higher Education Act 1992.
http://wn.com/Kingston_University
Kingston upon Thames
Kingston upon Thames is the principal settlement of the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames in southwest London. It was the ancient market town where Saxon kings were crowned and is now a suburb situated south west of Charing Cross. It is one of the major metropolitan centres identified in the London Plan.
http://wn.com/Kingston_upon_Thames
Kingston, Jamaica
Kingston is the capital and largest city of Jamaica, located on the southeastern coast of the island. It faces a natural harbour protected by the Palisadoes, a long sand spit which connects the town of Port Royal and the Norman Manley International Airport to the rest of the island. In the Americas, Kingston is the largest predominantly English-speaking city south of the United States.
http://wn.com/Kingston_Jamaica
Kinshasa
http://wn.com/Kinshasa
Knaphill
Knaphill is a dispersed urban village in Surrey, UK. To the east is Woking, to the west, eventually, is Aldershot, while to the south and north on the A322 – which forms its effective western border – are Brookwood, and Bisley, respectively.
http://wn.com/Knaphill
Knightsbridge
Knightsbridge is a road which gives its name to an exclusive district lying to the west of Central London. The road runs along the south side of Hyde Park, west from Hyde Park Corner, spanning the City of Westminster and the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. Up to Brompton Road, it is a part of the A4 arterial road, while the remainder is part of the A315.
http://wn.com/Knightsbridge
Kobe
http://wn.com/Kobe
Kolkata
Kolkata (Bengali: ; ), is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. Kolkata is the cultural capital of India and the commercial capital of Eastern India. It is located in eastern India on the east bank of the Hooghly River. The Kolkata metropolitan area including suburbs has a population exceeding 15 million, making it the third most populous metropolitan area in India and one of the most populous urban areas in the world. The city is also classified as the eighth largest urban agglomeration in the world.
http://wn.com/Kolkata
Kosovo
http://wn.com/Kosovo
KT postcode area
http://wn.com/KT_postcode_area
Kuala Lumpur
Kuala Lumpur (translated as: "muddy confluence," "muddy estuary," and "muddy city"; in English; Malay , locally or even , and often abbreviated as K.L.) is the capital and largest city of Malaysia. The city proper, making up an area of , has an estimated population of 1.6 million in 2006. Greater Kuala Lumpur, also known as the Klang Valley, is an urban agglomeration of 7.2 million. It is the fastest growing metropolitan region in the country, in terms of population as well as economy.
http://wn.com/Kuala_Lumpur
Kuwait City
http://wn.com/Kuwait_City
Kyoto
http://wn.com/Kyoto
La Paz
http://wn.com/La_Paz
Lagos
http://wn.com/Lagos
Lahore
Lahore ({{lang-pa|, {{lang-ur|, ) is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and the second largest city in Pakistan after Karachi. The city lies along the Ravi River and is situated approximately from Wagah (the only road border crossing between India and Pakistan). Historically the main city of the undivided Punjab, Lahore has been a center of Muslim heritage since the Data Durbar is located here. It is often called the Garden of Mughals because of its rich Mughal heritage. It successively served as provincial/regional capital of the empires of the Shahi kingdoms in the 11th century, the Ghaznavids in the 12th century, the Ghurid State in the 12th and 13th century, the Mughal Empire in the 16th century, the Sikh Empire in the early 19th century, and it was the capital of the Punjab region under the British Raj in the mid 19th and early 20th century. Mughal structures such as the Badshahi Mosque, the Lahore Fort, Shalimar Gardens, and the mausolea of Jehangir and Nur Jehan are popular tourist attractions for the city. Lahore is also home to many British colonial structures built in the Mughal-Gothic style, such as the Lahore High Court, the General Post Office (GPO), the Lahore Museum, and many older universities including the University of the Punjab. Lahore is often referred to as the cultural heart of Pakistan, as it is the center of Pakistani arts, films and intelligentsia.
http://wn.com/Lahore
Lambeth
Lambeth is a district of south London, England, and part of the London Borough of Lambeth. It is situated southeast of Charing Cross.
http://wn.com/Lambeth
Lambeth Palace
Lambeth Palace is the official London residence of the Archbishop of Canterbury. It is located in Lambeth, on the south bank of the River Thames a short distance upstream of the Palace of Westminster on the opposite shore. It was acquired by the archbishopric around 1200. Lambeth Palace Road is to the west, Lambeth Road is to the south and Lambeth Bridge is to the south-west.
http://wn.com/Lambeth_Palace
Latvia
Latvia (; ), officially the Republic of Latvia () is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Estonia (343 km), to the south by Lithuania (588 km), to the east by the Russian Federation (276 km), and to the southeast by Belarus (141 km). Across the Baltic Sea to the west lies Sweden. The territory of Latvia covers and it has a temperate seasonal climate.
http://wn.com/Latvia
Leadenhall Market
Leadenhall Market is a covered market in the City of London, located at Gracechurch Street.
http://wn.com/Leadenhall_Market
Leeds
Leeds () is a city and metropolitan borough in West Yorkshire, England. In 2001 Leeds' main urban subdivision had a population of 443,247, while the entire city had a population of (). Leeds is the cultural, financial and commercial heart of the West Yorkshire Urban Area, which at the 2001 census had a population of 1.5 million, and the Leeds city region, an economic area with Leeds at its core, had a population of 2.9 million. Leeds is the UK's largest centre for business, legal, and financial services outside London, and according to the most recent Office for National Statistics estimates, Leeds is the fastest growing city in the UK.
http://wn.com/Leeds
Leicester Square
: For the British guitarist, see Lester Square.
http://wn.com/Leicester_Square
Letchworth
Letchworth Garden City, commonly known as Letchworth, is a town and civil parish in Hertfordshire, England. The town's name is taken from one of the three villages it surrounded (the other two being Willian and Norton) - all of which featured in the Domesday Book. The land used was first purchased by Quakers who had intended to farm the area and build a Quaker community. They very quickly discovered the soil to be chalky and of poor agricultural value.
http://wn.com/Letchworth
Lewisham
Lewisham is a district in south London, England, located in the London Borough of Lewisham. It is situated south-east of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
http://wn.com/Lewisham
Leyton
Leyton is an area of east London and part of the London Borough of Waltham Forest, located north east of Charing Cross. It borders Walthamstow and Leytonstone; Stratford in Newham; and Homerton and Lower Clapton in the London Borough of Hackney.
http://wn.com/Leyton
Liechtenstein
http://wn.com/Liechtenstein
Lima
http://wn.com/Lima
Lithuania
Lithuania (, U.S. usually ; ), officially the Republic of Lithuania () is a country in Northern Europe, the southernmost of the three Baltic states. Situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, it shares borders with Latvia to the north, Belarus to the southeast, Poland, and the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad to the southwest.
http://wn.com/Lithuania
Ljubljana
Ljubljana (; , , ) is the capital of Slovenia and its largest city. It is the centre of the City Municipality of Ljubljana. It is located in the centre of the country in the Ljubljana Basin, and is a mid-sized city of some 280,000 inhabitants. Throughout its history, it has been influenced by its geographic position at the crossroads of Germanic, Latin and Slavic cultures.
http://wn.com/Ljubljana
Lloyd's building
The '''Lloyd's building (also sometimes known as The Inside-Out Building''') is the home of the insurance institution Lloyd's of London, and is located at One Lime Street, in the City of London, England.
http://wn.com/Lloyd's_building
Lloyd's of London
:''For the film, see Lloyd's of London (film)''.
http://wn.com/Lloyd's_of_London
London
London () is the capital of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who called it Londinium. London's core, the ancient City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
http://wn.com/London
London Bridge
London Bridge is a bridge over the River Thames, connecting the City of London and Southwark, in central London. Situated between Cannon Street Railway Bridge and Tower Bridge, it forms the western end of the Pool of London. On the south side of the bridge are Southwark Cathedral and London Bridge station; on the north side are the Monument to the Great Fire of London and Monument tube station.
http://wn.com/London_Bridge
London City Airport
London City Airport is a single-runway STOLport, an airport for use by STOL (Short Take Off and Landing) airliners. It principally serves the financial district of London and is located on a former Docklands site, east of the City of London, opposite the London Regatta Centre, in the London Borough of Newham in east London. It was developed by the engineering company Mowlem in 1986/87. In 2009 London City was the fifth busiest airport in terms of passengers and aircraft movements serving the London area after Heathrow, Gatwick, Stansted and Luton and the 15th busiest in the UK.
http://wn.com/London_City_Airport
London Docklands
Docklands is the semi-official name for an area in northeast and southeast London, England. It forms part of the boroughs of Southwark, Tower Hamlets, Newham and Greenwich. The docks were formerly part of the Port of London, at one time the world's largest port. They have now been redeveloped principally for commercial and residential use. The name London Docklands was used for the first time in a government report on redevelopment plans in 1971 but has since become virtually universally adopted. It also created conflict between the new and old communities of the London Docklands.
http://wn.com/London_Docklands
London Fire Brigade
The London Fire Brigade (LFB) is the statutory fire and rescue service for London, England. It is run by the London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority and is the fourth-largest fire service in the world with nearly 7,000 staff, of which 5,800 are operational firefighters and officers. In October 2007, Ron Dobson was appointed as the Commissioner for Fire and Emergency Planning, which includes the position of Chief Fire Officer. Mr. Dobson took over from Sir Ken Knight who had been commissioner since 2003.
http://wn.com/London_Fire_Brigade
London IMAX
The London IMAX is an IMAX cinema in the South Bank district of London, England, just north of Waterloo Station. It is operated by the British Film Institute.
http://wn.com/London_IMAX
London Luton Airport
London Luton Airport (previously called Luton International Airport) is an international airport located east of the town centre in the Borough of Luton in Bedfordshire, England and is north of Central London. The airport is from Junction 10a of the M1 motorway. It is the fourth largest airport serving the London area after Heathrow, Gatwick and Stansted, and is one of London's five international airports along with London City Airport.
http://wn.com/London_Luton_Airport
London Riverside
The London Riverside is a new development area in north east London, England and part of the larger Thames Gateway redevelopment zone.
http://wn.com/London_Riverside
London Zoo
London Zoo is the world's oldest scientific zoo. It was opened in London on 27 April 1828, and was originally intended to be used as a collection for scientific study. It was eventually opened to the public in 1847. Today it houses a collection of 755 species of animals, with 15,104 individuals, making it one of the largest collections in the United Kingdom.
http://wn.com/London_Zoo
Longyearbyen
Longyearbyen is the largest settlement and the administrative centre of Svalbard. It is located on the western coast of Spitsbergen, the largest island of the Svalbard archipelago, on the southern side on Adventfjorden (English: the Advent fjord), which continues inland with Adventdalen (English: the Advent valley). The Governor of Svalbard and his administration reside in Longyearbyen.
http://wn.com/Longyearbyen
Los Angeles
Los Angeles ( ; , Spanish for "The Angels") is the second most populous city in the United States, the most populous city in the state of California and the western United States, with a population of 3.83 million within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Los Angeles extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of over 14.8 million and it is the 14th largest urban area in the world, affording it megacity status. The metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is home to nearly 12.9 million residents while the broader Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside combined statistical area (CSA) contains nearly 17.8 million people. Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated and one of the most multicultural counties in the United States. The city's inhabitants are referred to as "Angelenos" ().
http://wn.com/Los_Angeles
Loughton
Loughton () is a town and civil parish in the Epping Forest district of Essex. It is located between 11 and 13 miles (21 km) north east of Charing Cross in London, south of the M25 and west of the M11 motorway and has boundaries with Chingford, Buckhurst Hill, Theydon Bois, Waltham Abbey, and Chigwell. Loughton includes 3 conservation areas and there are 56 listed buildings in the town, together with a further 50 locally listed.
http://wn.com/Loughton
Lower Lea Valley
The Lower Lea Valley is the area surrounding the River Lea (or Lee), which runs along the boundary of the London Boroughs of Tower Hamlets, Waltham Forest and Newham and into the River Thames. Much of the area is included in the masterplan of London's bid for the 2012 Olympic games, which will provide a legacy of facilities for this currently run-down area. There are plans to redevelop all the derelict and underutilised parts of the valley, which will take until 2020 or beyond. The largest single redevelopment scheme in the area is Stratford City.
http://wn.com/Lower_Lea_Valley
Luton
Luton ( or locally ) is a large town and unitary authority of Bedfordshire, England, 30 miles (51 kilometres) north of London. Luton and its near neighbours, Dunstable and Houghton Regis, form the Luton/Dunstable Urban Area with a population of over 240,000.
http://wn.com/Luton
Luxembourg
Luxembourg ( ), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (, , ), is a landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. Luxembourg has a population of over half a million people in an area of approximately 2,586 square kilometres (999 sq mi).
http://wn.com/Luxembourg
Luxembourg (city)
http://wn.com/Luxembourg_(city)
Lydd Airport
Lydd Airport is located northeast of the town of Lydd and south of Ashford in the District of Shepway within Kent, England. It is also known as London Ashford Airport, which officially only refers to its operator.
http://wn.com/Lydd_Airport
M20 motorway
The M20 is a motorway in Kent, England. It runs from the M25 motorway to Folkestone, providing a link to the Channel Tunnel and the ports at Dover. It is long. Although not signposted in England, this road is part of the European route E15.
http://wn.com/M20_motorway
M23 motorway
The M23 motorway is a motorway in England. The motorway runs from south of Hooley in Surrey, where it splits from the A23, to Pease Pottage, south of Crawley in West Sussex where it rejoins the A23. The northern end of the motorway starts at junction 7 on what is effectively a spur north from junction 7 of the M25 motorway (junction 8 on the M23). From Hooley it runs for past Redhill, Gatwick Airport and Crawley. A spur runs from junction 9 to Gatwick Airport.
http://wn.com/M23_motorway
M25 motorway
:"London Orbital" redirects here. For the book of this title, see Iain Sinclair.
http://wn.com/M25_motorway
M4 motorway
The M4 motorway links London with South Wales. It is part of the unsigned European route E30. Other major places directly accessible from M4 junctions are Reading, Swindon, Bristol, Newport, Cardiff and Swansea. Originally referred to as the London-South Wales Motorway, the English section was constructed between 1965 and 1971, the Welsh section was completed in 1993 and the Second Severn Crossing opened in 1996.
http://wn.com/M4_motorway
Madrid
http://wn.com/Madrid
Maidenhead
Maidenhead is a town within the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead, in Berkshire, England. It lies on the River Thames and is situated west of Charing Cross in London.
http://wn.com/Maidenhead
Maidstone
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http://wn.com/Maidstone
Malta
Malta , officially the Republic of Malta (), is a southern European country and consists of an archipelago situated centrally in the Mediterranean, 93 km south of Sicily and 288 km east of Tunisia, with the Strait of Gibraltar 1,826 km to the west and Alexandria 1,510 km to the east.
http://wn.com/Malta
Manchester
Manchester () is a city and metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England. In 2009, the population of the city was estimated to be 483,800, making it the seventh-most populous local authority district in England. Manchester lies within one of the UK's largest metropolitan areas; the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester had an estimated population of 2,600,100, the Greater Manchester Urban Area a population of 2,240,230, and the Larger Urban Zone around Manchester, the second-most-populous in the UK, had an estimated population in the 2004 Urban Audit of 2,539,100. The demonym of Manchester is Mancunian.
http://wn.com/Manchester
Marble Arch
Marble Arch is a white Carrara-marble monument at the junction of Oxford Street, Park Lane, and Edgware Road, almost directly opposite Speakers' Corner in Hyde Park in London, England. The arch is on a large traffic island, which also includes a very small park, in the midst of swirling traffic. The traffic island is directly across from the Marble Arch tube station.
http://wn.com/Marble_Arch
Mariehamn
http://wn.com/Mariehamn
Mary Ward Centre
The Mary Ward Centre, previously the Mary Ward Settlement, is an adult education college located in London. It was founded by Mary Augusta Ward as the Passmore Edwards Settlement, financed by John Passmore Edwards.
http://wn.com/Mary_Ward_Centre
Marylebone
Marylebone (, ) is an affluent, inner-city area of central London, located within the City of Westminster. It is sometimes written as St. Marylebone or Mary-le-bone.
http://wn.com/Marylebone
Mayfair
Mayfair is an area of central London, England, within the City of Westminster.
http://wn.com/Mayfair
Melbourne
http://wn.com/Melbourne
Metro Manila
http://wn.com/Metro_Manila
Mexico
Mexico, (pronounced ; ), officially known as the United Mexican States (), is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost 2 million square kilometres (over 760,000 sq mi), Mexico is the fifth-largest country in the Americas by total area and the 14th largest independent nation in the world. With an estimated population of 111 million, it is the 11th most populous country and the most populous Hispanophone country on Earth. Mexico is a federation comprising thirty-one states and a Federal District, the capital city.
http://wn.com/Mexico
Mexico City
http://wn.com/Mexico_City
Middlesex
Middlesex () is one of the historic counties of England and the second smallest by area. The low-lying county contained the wealthy and politically independent City of London on its southern boundary and was dominated by it from a very early time. The county was significantly affected by the expansion of the metropolitan area of London in both the 18th and 19th centuries; such that from 1855 the south east was administered as part of the metropolis. When county councils were initially introduced in England in 1889 around 20% of the area of Middlesex, and a third of its population, was transferred to the County of London, and the remainder formed a smaller county, in the north west, under the control of Middlesex County Council.
http://wn.com/Middlesex
Milan
Milan (, ; Western Lombard: Milan, ) is a city in Italy and the capital of the region of Lombardy and of the province of Milan. The city proper has a population of about 1,310,000, while the urban area is the first in Italy and the fifth largest in the European Union with a population of 4,345,000 over an area of . The Milan metropolitan area, by far the largest in Italy, is estimated by the OECD to have a population of 7,400,000.
http://wn.com/Milan
Millbank Tower
http://wn.com/Millbank_Tower
Minsk
Minsk (, ; , ) is the capital and largest city in Belarus, situated on the Svislach and Niamiha rivers. Minsk is also a headquarters of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). As the national capital, Minsk has a special administrative status in Belarus and is also the administrative centre of Minsk voblast (province) and Minsk raion (district). It has a population of 1,837,000 inhabitants (2009).
http://wn.com/Minsk
Mitcham
Mitcham is a district in South London, in the London Borough of Merton. The area is located on the border of Inner London and Outer London. It is both residentially and financially developed, well served by Transport for London, and home to Mitcham Town Centre, Mitcham Library, and Mitcham Cricket Green. Nearby districts include Streatham, Tooting, Sutton, and Croydon.
http://wn.com/Mitcham
Mitcham Common
Mitcham Common or Seven Islands is 182 hectares (460 acres) of common land situated in South London. It is predominantly in the London borough of Merton, with parts straddling the borders with Sutton and Croydon.
http://wn.com/Mitcham_Common
Moldova
Moldova , officially the Republic of Moldova (Moldovan/) is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east and south. It declared itself an independent state with the same boundaries as the preceding Moldovan SSR in 1991, as part of the dissolution of the Soviet Union. A strip of Moldova's internationally recognized territory on the east bank of the river Dniester has been under the de facto control of the breakaway government of Transnistria since 1990.
http://wn.com/Moldova
Monaco
http://wn.com/Monaco
Montenegro
http://wn.com/Montenegro
Montreal
http://wn.com/Montreal
Morden
Morden is a district in the London Borough of Merton. It is located approximately South-southwest of central London between Merton Park (to the north), Mitcham (to the east), Sutton (to the south) and Worcester Park (to the west).
http://wn.com/Morden
Morley College
Morley College is an adult education college in London, England. It was founded in the 1880s and has a student population of more than 15,000 adult students. It offers courses in a wide variety of fields including science, languages, drama, dance, music, computing, exercise and health and humanities.
http://wn.com/Morley_College
Mortlake
Mortlake is a district of London, England and part of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. It is on the south bank of the River Thames between Kew and Barnes with East Sheen inland to the south. Mortlake was part of Surrey until 1965.
http://wn.com/Mortlake
Moscow
Moscow ( or ; ; see also ) is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the world, a global city. Moscow is the most populous city on the continent of Europe and the seventh largest city proper in the world, a megacity. The population of Moscow (as of 1 January 2010) is 10,563,038.
http://wn.com/Moscow
Mumbai
Mumbai (; , ', ), previously known as Bombay' (), is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India, and the second most populous city in the world, with a population of approximately 14 million. The official language of Mumbai is Marathi. But many other languages are also widely used, particularly the Mumbaiian Hindi''. Along with the neighbouring urban areas, including the cities of Navi Mumbai and Thane, it is one of the most populous urban regions in the world. Mumbai lies on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour. As of 2009, Mumbai was named an Alpha world city. Mumbai is also the richest city in India, and has the highest GDP of any city in South or Central Asia.
http://wn.com/Mumbai
Museum of London
The Museum of London documents the history of London from the Prehistoric to the present day. The museum is located close to the Barbican Centre, as part of the striking Barbican complex of buildings created in the 1960s and 70s as an innovative approach to re-development within a bomb damaged area of the City. It is a few minutes' walk north of St Paul's Cathedral, overlooking the remains of the Roman city wall and on the edge of the oldest part of London, known as the City, now the financial district. It is primarily concerned with the social history of London and its inhabitants throughout history. The museum is a non-departmental public body.
http://wn.com/Museum_of_London
Muswell Hill
Muswell Hill is a suburb of north London, mostly in the London Borough of Haringey. It is situated about north of Charing Cross. Muswell Hill is in the N10 postal district and mostly in the Hornsey and Wood Green parliamentary constituency.
http://wn.com/Muswell_Hill
Nagoya
is the third-largest incorporated city and the fourth most populous urban area in Japan.
http://wn.com/Nagoya
National Gallery
The National Gallery in London was founded in 1824 and houses a rich collection of over 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-13th century to 1900 in its home on Trafalgar Square. The gallery is an exempt charity, and a non-departmental public body of the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Its collection belongs to the public of the United Kingdom and entry to the main collection (though not some special exhibitions) is free of charge.
http://wn.com/National_Gallery
Nazi Germany
http://wn.com/Nazi_Germany
Neasden Temple
http://wn.com/Neasden_Temple
Nelson's Column
http://wn.com/Nelson's_Column
Netherlands
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Netherlands
New Cross
New Cross is a district of south London, England, located in the London Borough of Lewisham. It is situated 4 miles south-east of Charing Cross.
http://wn.com/New_Cross
New Malden
New Malden is a town and shopping centre in the south-western London suburbs, mostly within the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames and partly in the London Borough of Merton, and is situated from Charing Cross.Nearby towns are Worcester Park and Surbiton
http://wn.com/New_Malden
New Zealand
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/New_Zealand
Newcastle upon Tyne
Newcastle upon Tyne (locally ) (often shortened to Newcastle) is a city and metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, in North East England. Situated on the north bank of the River Tyne, the city developed in the area that was the location of the Roman settlement called Pons Aelius, though it owes its name to the castle built in 1080, by Robert II, Duke of Normandy, the eldest son of William the Conqueror. The city grew as an important centre for the wool trade and it later became a major coal mining area. The port developed in the 16th century and, along with the shipyards lower down the river, was amongst the world's largest shipbuilding and ship-repairing centres. These industries have since experienced severe decline and closure, and the city today is largely a business and cultural centre, with a particular reputation for nightlife.
http://wn.com/Newcastle_upon_Tyne
Nicosia
: For the Italian town, see: Nicosia, Sicily. Also see: Nicosia (disambiguation).
http://wn.com/Nicosia
Nigeria
Nigeria (), officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal constitutional republic comprising thirty-six states and its Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The country is located in West Africa and shares land borders with the Republic of Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north. Its coast in the south lies on the Gulf of Guinea on the Atlantic Ocean. The three largest and most influential ethnic groups in Nigeria are the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba. In terms of religion Nigeria is roughly split half and half between Muslims and Christians with a very small minority who practice traditional religion.
http://wn.com/Nigeria
North Circular Road
The North Circular Road can refer to:
http://wn.com/North_Circular_Road
North London
North London is the northern part of London, England. It is an imprecise description and the area it covers is defined differently for a range of purposes. Common to these definitions is that it includes districts located north of the River Thames and is used in comparison with South London.
http://wn.com/North_London
North Nicosia
North Nicosia, known locally as Lefkosia (), is the capital and largest city of Northern Cyprus. It is located at . Located on the River Pedieos and situated almost in the center of the island, it is the seat of government as well as the main business center. (North) Nicosia is the capital of the Northern Cyprus.
http://wn.com/North_Nicosia
Northern Cyprus
http://wn.com/Northern_Cyprus
Norway
http://wn.com/Norway
NW postcode area
http://wn.com/NW_postcode_area
Old Bailey
The Central Criminal Court in England, commonly known as the Old Bailey from the street in which it stands, is a court building in central London, one of a number of buildings housing the Crown Court. The Crown Court sitting at the Central Criminal Court deals with major criminal cases from Greater London and, in exceptional cases, from other parts of England. Part of the present building stands on the site of the medieval Newgate Gaol, on Old Bailey, a road which follows the line of the City of London's fortified wall (or bailey). It lies between Holborn Circus and St Paul's Cathedral.
http://wn.com/Old_Bailey
Olympic Park, London
http://wn.com/Olympic_Park_London
Olympic Way
Olympic Way or more commonly known as Wembley Way is the road that links Wembley Park tube station and Wembley Stadium. Thousands of spectators walk along it to every event as the road leads directly into the stadium. The road is an easy access from the London Underground system to the stadium, and travels in a north-south direction.
http://wn.com/Olympic_Way
One Canada Square
One Canada Square (also known as the Canary Wharf Tower) is a skyscraper in Canary Wharf, London, England. The building is famous for being the tallest building in the United Kingdom since 1991, standing at above ground level and containing 50 storeys.
http://wn.com/One_Canada_Square
One Hyde Park
http://wn.com/One_Hyde_Park
One New Change
http://wn.com/One_New_Change
Orpington
Orpington is a suburban town and electoral ward in the London Borough of Bromley. It forms the southeastern edge of London's urban sprawl and is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
http://wn.com/Orpington
Osaka
http://wn.com/Osaka
Oslo
http://wn.com/Oslo
Oxford Airport
http://wn.com/Oxford_Airport
Oxford Street
Oxford Street is a major thoroughfare in the City of Westminster in London, England. There are 548 shops in Oxford Street; it is Europe's busiest shopping street, as well as the most dense. The street was formerly part of the London-Oxford road which began at Newgate, City of London, when it was known as Oxford Road. Today the road forms part of the A40, although, like many roads in central London which are not now intended as through traffic routes, it is not signposted with the road number.
http://wn.com/Oxford_Street
Oxfordshire
Oxfordshire ( or ; archaically the County of Oxford; abbreviated Oxon from the Latinised form of "Oxford", Oxonia) is a county in the Midlands region of England, bordering on Warwickshire, Northamptonshire (to the north/northeast), Buckinghamshire (to the east), Berkshire (to the south), Wiltshire and Swindon (to the southwest), Gloucestershire (to the west) and Warwickshire (to the north).
http://wn.com/Oxfordshire
OXO Tower
The OXO Tower is a building with a prominent tower on the south bank of the River Thames in London. The building currently has a set of bijou arts and crafts shops on the ground and first floors. A well-known restaurant is located on the 8th floor, which is the roof top level of the main building. The second to 7th floors contain 78 residential apartments.
http://wn.com/OXO_Tower
Paddington
Paddington is an area of the City of Westminster, in Central London, England. Formerly a metropolitan borough, it was integrated with Westminster and Greater London in 1965.It is known around the world for Paddington bear. Three important landmarks of the district are Paddington station, designed by the celebrated engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel and opened in 1847; St Mary's Hospital and Paddington Green police station (the most important high-security police station in the United Kingdom).
http://wn.com/Paddington
Pakistan
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Pakistan
Palace of Whitehall
The Palace of Whitehall was the main residence of the English monarchs in London from 1530 until 1698 when all except Inigo Jones's 1622 Banqueting House was destroyed by fire. Before the fire it had grown to be the largest palace in Europe, with over 1,500 rooms, overtaking the Vatican and Versailles.
http://wn.com/Palace_of_Whitehall
Park Lane (road)
Park Lane is a major road (designated A4202) in the City of Westminster, in Central London.
http://wn.com/Park_Lane_(road)
Peckham
Peckham () is a district in south London, England, located in the London Borough of Southwark. It is situated south-east of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London. The 2001 Census found that Peckham had a population of 11,381 and the Office for National Statistics estimated 19,500 residents in 2005.
http://wn.com/Peckham
Penge
Penge is a suburb of London in the London Borough of Bromley. It is located south east of Charing Cross.
http://wn.com/Penge
Philippines
The Philippines ( ), officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (), is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam. The Sulu Sea to the southwest lies between the country and the island of Borneo, and to the south the Celebes Sea separates it from other islands of Indonesia. It is bounded on the east by the Philippine Sea. Its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and its tropical climate make the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons but have also endowed the country with natural resources and made it one of the richest areas of biodiversity in the world. An archipelago comprising 7,107 islands, the Philippines is categorized broadly into three main geographical divisions: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Its capital city is Manila.
http://wn.com/Philippines
Piccadilly
Piccadilly is a major London street, running from Hyde Park Corner in the west to Piccadilly Circus in the east. It is completely within the city of Westminster. The street is part of the A4 road, London's second most important western artery. St. James's lies to the south of the eastern section of the street, while the western section is built up only on the northern side and overlooks Green Park. The area to the north is Mayfair.
http://wn.com/Piccadilly
Pinner
Pinner is a suburb in the London Borough of Harrow in Greater London, England, north west of Charing Cross. The area was in the county of Middlesex until 1965, when it was absorbed by the London Government Act 1963 into Greater London.
http://wn.com/Pinner
Poland
Poland (), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north. The total area of Poland is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. Poland has a population of over 38 million people, which makes it the 34th most populous country in the world and the sixth most populous member of the European Union, being its most populous Slavic member.
http://wn.com/Poland
Poplar, London
Poplar is an area of the East End of London in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. Poplar is about east of Charing Cross.
http://wn.com/Poplar_London
Port of London
The Port of London lies along the banks of the River Thames from London, England to the North Sea. Once the largest port in the world, it is currently the United Kingdom's second largest port, after Grimsby & Immingham. The port is governed by the Port of London Authority (PLA), a public trust established in 1908, whose responsibility extends over the Tideway of the River Thames.
http://wn.com/Port_of_London
Portugal
Portugal (, ), officially the Portuguese Republic (; ), is a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east. The Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira are also part of Portugal.
http://wn.com/Portugal
Potters Bar
Potters Bar is a town in the Hertsmere borough of Hertfordshire, England, located north of central London. In 2001 it had a population of 21,618.
http://wn.com/Potters_Bar
Prague
http://wn.com/Prague
Primrose Hill
Primrose Hill is a hill of located on the north side of Regent's Park in North London, England, and also the name for the surrounding district. The hill has a clear view of Central London to the south-east, as well as Belsize Park and Hampstead to the north.
http://wn.com/Primrose_Hill
Pristina
http://wn.com/Pristina
Putney
Putney is a district in south London, England, located in the London Borough of Wandsworth. It is situated south-west of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
http://wn.com/Putney
Rayleigh, Essex
Rayleigh () is a market town and civil parish in the District of Rochford in Essex, England, located between Chelmsford and Southend-on-Sea. It lies to the east of central London. It has a population of 30,196, having expanded rapidly in the 1960s.
http://wn.com/Rayleigh_Essex
Reading, Berkshire
Reading ( ) is the largest town in England, located at the confluence of the River Thames and River Kennet, and on both the Great Western Main Line railway and the M4 motorway, some west of London. For ceremonial purposes it is in the Royal County of Berkshire and has served as the county town since 1867.
http://wn.com/Reading_Berkshire
Redhill, Surrey
Redhill is a town in the borough of Reigate and Banstead, Surrey, England and is part of the London commuter belt. Redhill and the adjacent town of Reigate form a single urban area.
http://wn.com/Redhill_Surrey
Regent Street
Regent Street is one of the major shopping streets in London's West End, well known to tourists and Londoners alike, and famous for its Christmas illuminations. It is named after the Prince Regent (later George IV), and is commonly associated with the architect John Nash, whose street layout survives, although all his original buildings except All Souls Church have since been replaced.
http://wn.com/Regent_Street
Reigate
Reigate () is a historic market town in Surrey, England at the foot of the North Downs, and in the London commuter belt. It is one of the main constituents of the Borough of Reigate and Banstead. Reigate and the adjacent town of Redhill form a single urban area.
http://wn.com/Reigate
Republic of Ireland
Ireland (, , , ), described as the Republic of Ireland (), is a state in northwest Europe with a population of almost 4.5 million people. It is a parliamentary democratic constitutional republic occupying approximately five-sixths of the island of Ireland, which was partitioned into two jurisdictions in 1921. It is bordered to the northeast by Northern Ireland, which is a part of the United Kingdom, and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the Irish Sea to the east, St George's Channel to the southeast, and the Celtic Sea to the south.
http://wn.com/Republic_of_Ireland
Reykjavík
http://wn.com/Reykjavík
Richmond Park
Richmond Park is a 2,360 acre (9.55 km2; 3.69 sq mi) park within London. Almost three times as large as New York City's Central Park, it is the largest of the Royal Parks in London and Britain's second largest urban walled park after Sutton Park, Birmingham. It is close to Richmond, Ham, Kingston upon Thames, Wimbledon, Roehampton and East Sheen. The park is famous for its red and fallow deer, which number over six hundred.
http://wn.com/Richmond_Park
Richmond University
http://wn.com/Richmond_University
Richmond, London
{{Infobox UK place
http://wn.com/Richmond_London
Rickmansworth
http://wn.com/Rickmansworth
Riga
Riga (, ) is the capital and largest city of Latvia, a major industrial, commercial, cultural and financial centre of the Baltics, and an important seaport, situated on the mouth of the Daugava. With 706,413 inhabitants (2010) it is the largest city of the Baltic states and third-largest in the Baltic region, behind Saint Petersburg and Stockholm (counting residents within the city limits). Riga's territory covers and lies between above sea level, on a flat and sandy plain.
http://wn.com/Riga
Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro ("River of January", ; ), commonly referred to simply as Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, 6th largest in the Americas and 26th in the world.
http://wn.com/Rio_de_Janeiro
River Fleet
:River fleet redirects here. For "ships or boats which patrol a river", see patrol boat or navy.
http://wn.com/River_Fleet
RM postcode area
http://wn.com/RM_postcode_area
Rochester, Kent
Rochester is a town and former city in Kent, England. It is located within the unitary authority area of Medway and is at the lowest bridging point of the River Medway about from London. The town is known for its cathedral and castle, and for an epic siege in 1215. Rochester, together with neighbouring Chatham, Gillingham, Strood and a number of outlying villages makes up the Medway unitary authority area.
http://wn.com/Rochester_Kent
Roman London
The city of London () was established by the Romans around AD 43. It soon became the capital of Roman Britain and served as a major imperial commercial centre until its abandonment during the 5th century.
http://wn.com/Roman_London
Romania
Romania ( ; dated: Rumania; ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, north of the Balkan Peninsula, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea. Romania shares a border with Hungary and Serbia to the west, Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova to the northeast, and Bulgaria to the south.
http://wn.com/Romania
Rome
Rome (; , ; ) is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . In 2006 the population of the metropolitan area was estimated by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development to have a population of 3.7 million.
http://wn.com/Rome
Romford
Romford is a large suburban town in northeast London, England and the administrative headquarters of the London Borough of Havering. It is located northeast of Charing Cross and is one of the major metropolitan centres identified in the London Plan. It was historically a market town in the county of Essex and formed the administrative centre of the liberty of Havering, until it was dissolved in 1892. Good road links and the opening of the railway station in 1839 were key to the development of the town and the economic history of Romford is underpinned by a shift from agriculture to light industry and more recently to retail and commerce. As part of the suburban growth of London in the 20th century, Romford significantly expanded and increased in population, becoming a municipal borough in 1937 and has formed part of Greater London since 1965. It now forms one of the largest commercial, retail, entertainment and leisure districts outside central London and has a developed night time economy.
http://wn.com/Romford
Royal College of Art
http://wn.com/Royal_College_of_Art
Royal Festival Hall
The Royal Festival Hall is a 2,900 seat concert, dance and talks venue within Southbank Centre in London. It is situated on the South Bank of the River Thames, not far from Hungerford Bridge. It is a Grade I listed building - the first post-war building to become so protected (in April 1988). The London Philharmonic Orchestra performs the majority of its London concerts in the hall.
http://wn.com/Royal_Festival_Hall
Royal Opera House
The Royal Opera House is an opera house and major performing arts venue in the London district of Covent Garden. The large building is often referred to as simply "Covent Garden", after a previous use of the site of the opera house's original construction in 1732. It is the home of The Royal Opera, The Royal Ballet and the Orchestra of the Royal Opera House. Originally called the Theatre Royal, it served primarily as a playhouse for the first hundred years of its history. In 1734, the first ballet was presented. A year later Handel's first season of operas began. Many of his operas and oratorios were specifically written for Covent Garden and had their premieres there.
http://wn.com/Royal_Opera_House
Ruhr
http://wn.com/Ruhr
Ruislip
Ruislip ( ) is a town in west London, England and it is part of the London Borough of Hillingdon.
http://wn.com/Ruislip
Russia
Russia (; ), also officially known as the Russian Federation (), is a state in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, the People's Republic of China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It also has maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the United States by the Bering Strait. At , Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than a ninth of the Earth's land area. Russia is also the ninth most populous nation with 142 million people. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning 9 time zones and incorporating a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources. It has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's fresh water.
http://wn.com/Russia
Saint Helier
http://wn.com/Saint_Helier
Saint Peter Port
http://wn.com/Saint_Peter_Port
San Marino
San Marino, officially the Most Serene Republic of San Marino ( ; ), is a country situated on the eastern side of the Apennine Mountains. It is an enclave, in Italy. Its size is just over with an estimated population of almost 30,000. Its capital is the City of San Marino. One of the European microstates, along with Liechtenstein, the Vatican, Monaco, Andorra, and Malta, San Marino has the smallest population of all the members of the Council of Europe.
http://wn.com/San_Marino
Sandhurst, Berkshire
http://wn.com/Sandhurst_Berkshire
Santiago
Santiago is the Spanish name for Saint James, son of Zebedee, one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus.
http://wn.com/Santiago
Sarajevo
http://wn.com/Sarajevo
Scotland Yard
New Scotland Yard (NSY) is the headquarters building of the Metropolitan Police. Commonly known as the "Met", the force is responsible for law enforcement within Greater London, excluding the square mile of the City of London, which is covered by the City of London Police. The London Underground and national rail network are the responsibility of the British Transport Police.
http://wn.com/Scotland_Yard
Seoul
{{Infobox settlement
http://wn.com/Seoul
Serbia
Serbia (pronounced: ), officially the Republic of Serbia (), is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central- and Southeastern Europe, covering the southern lowlands of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans. Serbia borders Hungary to the north; Romania and Bulgaria to the east; the Republic of Macedonia to the south; and Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro to the west; its border with Albania is disputed. Serbia's capital city, Belgrade, is among the most populous in Southeastern Europe.
http://wn.com/Serbia
Sevenoaks
Sevenoaks is a Kentish Commuter Town situated on the London fringe of west Kent, England, some 20 miles (31.2 km) south-east of Charing Cross, on one of the principal commuter rail lines from the capital. The town gives its name to the Sevenoaks district, of which it is the principal town, followed by Swanley and Edenbridge.
http://wn.com/Sevenoaks
Shanghai
http://wn.com/Shanghai
Shard London Bridge
Shard London Bridge, previously known as London Bridge Tower, and also known as the Shard of Glass, 32 London Bridge and The Shard, is a skyscraper under construction in Southwark, London, United Kingdom. When completed in 2012 it will become the tallest building in the European Union.
http://wn.com/Shard_London_Bridge
Shell Centre
Shell Centre, in London, United Kingdom is one of the two "central offices" of oil major Shell (the other is in The Hague). It comprises a skyscraper tower and three nine-storey wings (formerly the "Upstream Building"). It also once included a separate building known as the "Downstream Building" but that building was disposed of by Shell in the 1990s and is now a block of residential apartments known as the White House. Shell Centre is located on the Belvedere Road in the London Borough of Lambeth. It is a prominent feature on the South Bank of the River Thames near County Hall, and now forms the backdrop to the London Eye. Shell Centre was constructed in 1961, to a design by Sir Howard Robertson, and the tower stands at with 27 storeys (26 numbered and a mezzanine level) and extends three storeys below ground. The tower was the first London skyscraper to exceed the height of the Victoria Tower of the Palace of Westminster.
http://wn.com/Shell_Centre
Shenzhen
http://wn.com/Shenzhen
Shepherd's Bush
'''Shepherd's Bush (also Shepherds Bush''') is an area of west London in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, situated west of Charing Cross. Although it is primarily residential in character, its focus is the shopping area of Shepherds Bush Green, the north side of which is home to the Westfield shopping centre, the largest urban shopping centre in Europe. The south side also has a smaller shopping centre, West 12, with a supermarket, cinema and gym. The main thoroughfares are Uxbridge Road, Goldhawk Road and Askew Road, all containing a large number of small and mostly independent shops, pubs and restaurants. Loftus Road in Shepherd's Bush is home to Queen's Park Rangers football club.
http://wn.com/Shepherd's_Bush
Shepperton
Shepperton is a town in the borough of Spelthorne, Surrey, England. To the South it is bounded by the river Thames at Desborough Island and is bisected by the M3 motorway. It is equidistant between the north Surrey towns of Chertsey to the west and Sunbury-on-Thames to the east.
http://wn.com/Shepperton
Shoreditch
Shoreditch is an area of London within the London Borough of Hackney. It is a built-up part of the inner city immediately to the north of the City of London, located east north east of Charing Cross.
http://wn.com/Shoreditch
Sidcup
Sidcup is a suburban development in the London Borough of Bexley, South East London. Located south east of Charing Cross, Sidcup is bordered by both the London Borough of Bromley and Kent County Council and whilst now part of Greater London, was once referred to as the gateway to Kent.
http://wn.com/Sidcup
Sittingbourne
Sittingbourne is an industrial town about eight miles (12.9 km) east of Gillingham in England, beside the Roman Watling Street off a creek in the Swale, a channel separating the Isle of Sheppey from mainland Kent. The town is growing rapidly due to a number of large residential developments, and its train line links to London Victoria, the journey taking about an hour from Sittingbourne railway station.
http://wn.com/Sittingbourne
Skopje
Skopje (, ) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Macedonia with about a third of the total population. It is the country's political, cultural, economic, and academic centre. It was known in the Roman period under the name Scupi.
http://wn.com/Skopje
Slough
Slough () is a borough and unitary authority within the ceremonial county of Berkshire, England. The town stands athwart the Great West Road and the Great Western Main Line, west of central London. At the 2001 census, the population of Slough was 119,070 (est. 122,000 in 2006) and the borough area was the most ethnically diverse local authority area outside London in the United Kingdom. Slough has the highest proportion of religious adherents in England.
http://wn.com/Slough
Slovakia
http://wn.com/Slovakia
Slovenia
Slovenia ( ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (, ), is a country in Central Europe touching the Alps and bordering the Mediterranean. Slovenia borders Italy on the west, the Adriatic Sea on the southwest, Croatia on the south and east, Hungary on the northeast, and Austria on the north. The capital and largest city of Slovenia is Ljubljana.
http://wn.com/Slovenia
SM postcode area
SM1, SM2, SM3, SM4, and SM5 redirect here. If you were looking for the Spider-Man film series, see here. If you were looking for the Super-Man film series, see here. If you were looking for the Scary Movie film series, see here. For the SM-2 standard missile , see here. For the Sm5 train type, see here. For various uses of SM-1, see here.
http://wn.com/SM_postcode_area
Smithfield Market
http://wn.com/Smithfield_Market
Snodland
Snodland is a small town in the county of Kent, England, located on the River Medway between Rochester and Maidstone. It has a population of about 12,000 people.
http://wn.com/Snodland
Sofia
Sofia (, ) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria and the 47th largest city by population in the European Union, with 1.4 million people living in the Capital Municipality. It is located in western Bulgaria, at the foot of Mount Vitosha, and is the administrative, cultural, economic, and educational centre of the country.
http://wn.com/Sofia
Soho
Soho is an area of the City of Westminster and part of the West End of London, the capital of the UK. Long established as an entertainment district, for much of the 20th century Soho had a reputation for sex shops as well as night life and film industry. Since the early 1980s, the area has undergone considerable transformation. It now is predominantly a fashionable district of upmarket restaurants and media offices, with only a small remnant of "sex industry" venues in the west.
http://wn.com/Soho
Somalia
Somalia ( ; ; ), officially the Republic of Somalia (, ) and formerly known as the Somali Democratic Republic under communist rule, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Djibouti to the northwest, Kenya to the southwest, the Gulf of Aden with Yemen to the north, the Indian Ocean to the east, and Ethiopia to the west. With the longest coastline on the continent, its terrain consists mainly of plateaus, plains and highlands.
http://wn.com/Somalia
Somers Town, London
Somers Town, named after the Somers family who owned the land, is an area of London south of Camden Town. Historically, the locality known as Somers Town was the whole of the triangular space between the Hampstead, Pancras, and Euston Roads. Modern Somers Town is generally regarded as being the area bounded by Euston Road, Eversholt Street, Crowndale Road, Pancras Road and the railway approaches to St Pancras Station; that is to say, the general vicinity of Chalton Street. Vehicular through traffic is not heavy, and is confined by traffic calming and other measures to a few North/South arterial throughways.
http://wn.com/Somers_Town_London
Somerset House
http://wn.com/Somerset_House
South Africa
The Republic of South Africa is a country located at the southern tip of Africa, with a coastline on the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. To the north lie Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe; to the east are Mozambique and Swaziland; while Lesotho is an independent country wholly surrounded by South African territory.
http://wn.com/South_Africa
South Bank
South Bank is an area of London, England located immediately adjacent to the south bank of the River Thames. It forms a long and narrow section of riverside development that is within the London Borough of Lambeth and partly in the London Borough of Southwark. It developed much more slowly than the north bank of the river due to adverse conditions, and throughout its history has twice functioned as an entertainment district, separated by a hundred years of use as a location for industry. Change in use of the South Bank began in 1917 with the construction of County Hall at Lambeth and the Festival of Britain in 1951 redefined the area as a place for arts and entertainment. It now forms a significant tourist district in central London which stretches from the Design Museum in the east to the London Eye in the west. A series of central London bridges connect the South Bank to North London, including the more recent Golden Jubilee and Millennium pedestrian bridges.
http://wn.com/South_Bank
South Circular Road
http://wn.com/South_Circular_Road
South Kensington
South Kensington is a district in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in London. It is a built-up area located 2.4 miles (3.9 km) west south-west of Charing Cross.
http://wn.com/South_Kensington
South Korea
South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK, , ) and sometimes referred to simply as Korea, is a state in East Asia, located on the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula. It is neighbored by the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east, and North Korea to the north. Its capital is Seoul. South Korea lies in a temperate climate region with a predominantly mountainous terrain. Its territory covers a total area of 99,392 square kilometers and has a population of .
http://wn.com/South_Korea
South London
South London is the southern part of London, England. It is an imprecise description and the area it covers is defined differently for a range of purposes. Common to these definitions is that it includes all districts located south of the River Thames and is used in comparison with North London.
http://wn.com/South_London
South Norwood
South Norwood is an urban town and in south London, England, in the London Borough of Croydon. It is a suburban development 7.8 miles (12.5 km) south-east of Charing Cross. South Norwood is an electoral with a resident population in 2001 of just over 14,000. A tributary of the River Wandle, which rises in Merton, ends in South Norwood.
http://wn.com/South_Norwood
South Ossetia
South Ossetia ( or ; , Khussar Iryston; , Samxret Oseti; , Yuzhnaya Osetiya) or Tskhinvali Region (, Tsxinvalis regioni; , Tskhinvalskiy region) is a disputed region and partly recognized state in the South Caucasus, located in the territory of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast within the former Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic.
http://wn.com/South_Ossetia
Southall
Southall is a large suburban district of west London, England, and part of the London Borough of Ealing. It is situated west of Charing Cross. Neighbouring places include Yeading, Hayes, Hanwell, Heston, Hounslow, Greenford and Northolt. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
http://wn.com/Southall
Southborough, Kent
Southborough civil parish, with the title of town in the District of Tunbridge Wells, in Kent, England. It lies immediately to the north of Tunbridge Wells itself, with the A26 London road passing through it. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 11,124. The town is within the High Weald Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
http://wn.com/Southborough_Kent
Southend Urban Area
The Southend Urban Area is the informal name for the urban area surrounding Southend-on-Sea in Essex, England. The ONS defines the Southend Urban Area as having a population of 269,400, making it the largest urban area within the East of England; and also meaning that its population has grown nearly 1% from the 1991 figure of 266,749 .
http://wn.com/Southend_Urban_Area
Southend-on-Sea
Southend-on-Sea () is a unitary authority area, town, and seaside resort in Essex, England. The district has Borough status, and comprises the towns of Chalkwell, Eastwood, Leigh-on-Sea, Prittlewell, Shoeburyness, Southchurch, Thorpe Bay, and Westcliff-on-Sea. The district is situated within the Thames Gateway on the north side of the Thames estuary 40 miles (64 km) east of central London. It is bordered to the north by Rochford and to the west by Castle Point.
http://wn.com/Southend-on-Sea
Southgate, London
Southgate is an area of north London, England, primarily within the London Borough of Enfield, although parts of its western fringes lie within the London Borough of Barnet. It is located about north of Charing Cross. The name is derived from being the south gate to Enfield Chase. It is a suburb of wide tree-lined roads.
http://wn.com/Southgate_London
Southwark
Southwark is a district of London, England, and the administrative headquarters of the London Borough of Southwark. Situated east of Charing Cross, it forms one of the oldest parts of central London and fronts the River Thames to the north. It historically formed an ancient borough in the county of Surrey, made up of a number of parishes, which increasingly came under the influence and jurisdiction of the City of London. As an inner district of London, Southwark experienced rapid depopulation during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is now at an advanced stage of regeneration and is the location of the City Hall offices of the Greater London Authority.
http://wn.com/Southwark
Southwark Cathedral
Southwark Cathedral or The Cathedral and Collegiate Church of St Saviour and St Mary Overie, Southwark, London, lies on the south bank of the River Thames close to London Bridge.
http://wn.com/Southwark_Cathedral
Southwark College
Southwark College is a further education college in the London Borough of Southwark. The College has several sites:
http://wn.com/Southwark_College
Soviet Union
http://wn.com/Soviet_Union
Spain
Spain ( ; , ), officially the Kingdom of Spain (), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
http://wn.com/Spain
Sri Lanka
The Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (commonly known as Sri Lanka (, , or ); ; , ) is a country and a sovereign state off souther coast of the Indian subcontinent. A island nation in South Asia, it was till 1972 known as Ceylon (, , or ). Sri Lanka is surrounded by the Indian Ocean, the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait.
http://wn.com/Sri_Lanka
St Albans
St Albans () is a city in southern Hertfordshire, England, around north of central London, which forms the main urban area of the City and District of St Albans. St Albans has two official demonyms: Verulamian and Old Albanian. St Albans was a settlement of pre-Roman origin named Verlamion by the Ancient British, Catuvellauni tribe. It became the first major town on the old Roman road of Watling Street for travellers heading north and became the Roman city of Verulamium.
http://wn.com/St_Albans
St James's Palace
http://wn.com/St_James's_Palace
St John's Wood
'''St John's Wood''' is a district of north-west London, England, in the City of Westminster, and at the north-west end of Regent's Park. It is approximately 2.5 miles north-west of Charing Cross. Once part of the Great Middlesex Forest, it was later owned by the Knights of St John of Jerusalem. It is home to some of the most expensive properties in the world.
http://wn.com/St_John's_Wood
St. James's Park
'''St. James's Park''' is a 23 hectare (58 acre) park in Westminster, central London, the oldest of the Royal Parks of London. The park lies at the southernmost tip of the St. James's area, which was named after a leper hospital dedicated to St. James the Less.
http://wn.com/St_James's_Park
St. Louis, Missouri
St. Louis ( or ; French: Saint-Louis or St-Louis, ) is an independent city and the second largest city in the U.S. state of Missouri. The city itself has an estimated population of 354,361 and is the principal municipality of Greater St. Louis, population 2,879,934, the largest urban area in Missouri and 16th-largest in the United States.
http://wn.com/St_Louis_Missouri
Stamford Hill
Stamford Hill is a place in the north of the London Borough of Hackney, England, near the border with Haringey. It is home to Europe's largest Hasidic Jewish and Adeni Jewish community.
http://wn.com/Stamford_Hill
Stanmore
Stanmore is an area of northwest London, UK, part of the London Borough of Harrow. It is a suburban development situated northwest of Charing Cross. The area is home to Stanmore Hill, one of the highest points of London, high.
http://wn.com/Stanmore
Stanwell
:This article is about the village in Surrey. For the school in Penarth, Vale of Glamorgan, see Stanwell School.
http://wn.com/Stanwell
Stepanakert
Stepanakert (), called Khankendi () by Azerbaijan, is the largest city and capital of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, a de facto independent republic, though is internationally recognized as a part of Azerbaijan. The city population comprises about 53,000 ethnic Armenians.
http://wn.com/Stepanakert
Stepney
Stepney is an inner-city area in the East End of London that grew out of a medieval village around St Dunstan's church and the 15th century ribbon development of Mile End Road. The area was rapidly built up in the 19th century, mainly to accommodate immigrant workers and displaced London poor, and developed a reputation for poverty, overcrowding, violence and political dissent. It was severely damaged during the Blitz, with over a third of housing totally destroyed, and then 1960s slum clearance and development replaced most residential streets with tower blocks and modern housing estates, though some Georgian architecture and Victorian era terraced housing survive in patches, such as Arbour Square, the eastern side of Stepney Green and the streets around Matlock Street.
http://wn.com/Stepney
Stevenage
Stevenage is a town and borough in Hertfordshire, England. It is situated to the east of junctions 7 and 8 of the A1(M), and is between Letchworth Garden City to the north, and Welwyn Garden City to the south.
http://wn.com/Stevenage
Stockholm
http://wn.com/Stockholm
Stoke Newington
Stoke Newington is a district in the London Borough of Hackney. It is north-east of Charing Cross.
http://wn.com/Stoke_Newington
Strait of Gibraltar
http://wn.com/Strait_of_Gibraltar
Strand, London
The Strand is a street in the City of Westminster, London, England. It is just over 3/4 of a mile long. It currently starts at Trafalgar Square and runs east to join Fleet Street at Temple Bar, which marks the boundary of the City of London at this point, though its historical length has been longer than this.
http://wn.com/Strand_London
Stratford, London
Stratford is a district in northeast London, England and part of the London Borough of Newham. It is located east northeast of Charing Cross and is one of the major centres identified in the London Plan. It was historically an agrarian settlement in the ancient parish of West Ham, which transformed into an industrial suburb following the introduction of the railway in 1839. As part of the growth of London in the late 19th century, Stratford significantly expanded and increased in population, becoming the centre of administration of the Borough of West Ham in 1886 and it has formed part of Greater London since 1965. The more recent economic history is underpinned by a move away from railway works and heavy industry towards becoming a significant commercial and cultural centre. Stratford is adjacent to the London Olympic Park and is currently experiencing regeneration and expansion linked to the 2012 Summer Olympics.
http://wn.com/Stratford_London
Streatham
Streatham () is a district in South London, England, located in the London Borough of Lambeth. It is situated south of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
http://wn.com/Streatham
Strood
Strood is a town in the unitary authority of Medway in South East England. It is part of the ceremonial county of Kent. It lies on the north west bank of the River Medway at its lowest bridging point, and is part of the Rochester post town.
http://wn.com/Strood
Sukhumi
Sukhumi (, Aqwa; , Sokhumi; , Sukhum or Sukhumi) is the capital of Abkhazia, a disputed region on the Black Sea coast. The city suffered heavily during the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict in the early 1990s.
http://wn.com/Sukhumi
Sunbury-on-Thames
Sunbury-on-Thames, also known as Sunbury, is a town in the Surrey borough of Spelthorne, England, and part of the London commuter belt. It is located 16 miles (25 km) southwest of central London and bordered by Feltham and Hampton, flanked on the south by the River Thames.
http://wn.com/Sunbury-on-Thames
Surbiton
Surbiton, a suburban area of London in the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames, is a town next to the River Thames, populated with a mixture of Art-Deco courts, spacious and grand late-19th century townhouses blending into a sea of semi-detached 20th century housing estates.
http://wn.com/Surbiton
Surrey
Surrey is a county in the South East of England and is one of the Home Counties. The county borders Greater London, Kent, East Sussex, West Sussex, Hampshire, Buckinghamshire and Berkshire. The historic county town is Guildford. Surrey County Council sits at Kingston upon Thames, although this has been part of Greater London since 1965.
http://wn.com/Surrey
Sutton, London
Sutton is a large suburban town in southwest London, England, and the administrative headquarters of the London Borough of Sutton. It is located south-southwest of Charing Cross and is one of the major metropolitan centres identified in the London Plan. The town was connected to central London by rail in 1847. As part of the suburban growth of London in the 20th century, Sutton significantly expanded and increased in population, becoming a municipal borough with neighbouring Cheam in 1934, and has formed part of Greater London since 1965. It now forms a significant civic and retail district.
http://wn.com/Sutton_London
Svalbard
http://wn.com/Svalbard
Swanley
Swanley is a town and civil parish in the Sevenoaks District of Kent, England. It is located on the south-eastern outskirts of London, north of Sevenoaks town. The town boundaries encompass the settlements of Swanley itself, Hextable (Hextable recently voted to become an independent parish council) and Swanley Village. Swanley has a population of 20,986
http://wn.com/Swanley
Sweden
http://wn.com/Sweden
Switzerland
Switzerland (, , , ), officially the Swiss Confederation (Confoederatio Helvetica in Latin, hence its ISO country codes CH and CHE), is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe where it is bordered by Germany to the north, France to the west, Italy to the south, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east.
http://wn.com/Switzerland
Sydenham
Sydenham, , is an area and electoral ward in the London Borough of Lewisham; although some streets towards Crystal Palace Park, Forest Hill and Penge are outside the ward and in the London Borough of Bromley, and some streets off Sydenham Hill are in the London Borough of Southwark. Sydenham was in Kent until 1889 when the County of London was created. The population of the ward in was {{formatnum:, Upper Sydenham is included in Forest Hill ward.
http://wn.com/Sydenham
Sydney
Sydney () is the largest and most populous city in Australia and the state capital of New South Wales. Sydney is located on Australia's south-east coast of the Tasman Sea. With an approximate population of 4.5 million in the Sydney metropolitan area the city is the largest in Oceania. Inhabitants of Sydney are called Sydneysiders, comprising a cosmopolitan and international population of people from numerous places around the world.
http://wn.com/Sydney
São Paulo
http://wn.com/São_Paulo
Taipei
http://wn.com/Taipei
Tallinn
Tallinn is the capital and largest city of Estonia. It occupies an area of with a population of 411,196. It is situated on the northern coast of the country, on the banks of the Gulf of Finland, south of Helsinki, west of Saint Petersburg.
http://wn.com/Tallinn
Tbilisi
http://wn.com/Tbilisi
Teddington
Teddington is a suburban area in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames in south west London, on the north bank of the River Thames, between Hampton Wick and Twickenham. It stretches inland from the River Thames to Bushy Park. Formerly it was in the county of Middlesex, which was formerly also its postal county.
http://wn.com/Teddington
Tehran
http://wn.com/Tehran
Thames Barrier
The Thames Barrier is the world's second largest movable flood barrier (after the Oosterscheldekering in the Netherlands) and is located downstream of central London. Its purpose is to prevent London from being flooded by exceptionally high tides and storm surges moving up from the sea. It only needs to be raised during high tide; at ebb tide it can be lowered to release the water that backs up behind it. Its northern bank is in Silvertown in the London Borough of Newham and its southern bank is in the New Charlton area of Charlton in the London Borough of Greenwich.
http://wn.com/Thames_Barrier
Thames Embankment
The Thames Embankment is a major feat of 19th century civil engineering designed to reclaim marshy land next to the River Thames in central London. It consists of the Victoria and Chelsea Embankment.
http://wn.com/Thames_Embankment
Thames Gateway
The Thames Gateway is an area of land stretching east from inner east London on both sides of the River Thames and the Thames Estuary . The area, which includes much brownfield land, has been designated a national priority for urban regeneration, taking advantage of the development opportunities realised by the completion of the High Speed 1 (officially known as the Channel Tunnel Rail Link) rail line. It stretches from Westferry in Tower Hamlets to the Isle of Sheppey and extends across three of the regions of England. The development is delivered through regional development agencies, special purpose development corporations and local partnerships.
http://wn.com/Thames_Gateway
Thames Valley
The Thames Valley Region is a loose term for the English counties and towns roughly following the course of the River Thames as it flows from Oxfordshire in the west to London in the east. It includes parts of Buckinghamshire, Berkshire, North Hampshire, Surrey and west London. It does not include the source of the Thames at Thames Head in Gloucestershire, Wiltshire, central or east London or the outflowing of the Thames into the Thames Estuary.
http://wn.com/Thames_Valley
Thamesmead
Thamesmead is a district of south London, England, located in the London Boroughs of Greenwich and Bexley. It is situated east of Charing Cross.
http://wn.com/Thamesmead
The Mall, London
The Mall () in London is the road running from Buckingham Palace at its western end to Admiralty Arch and on to Trafalgar Square at its eastern end, where it crosses Spring Gardens, which was where the Metropolitan Board of Works and, for a number of years, the London County Council were based. It is closed to traffic on Sundays and public holidays, and on ceremonial occasions. The surface of The Mall is coloured red which gives the effect of a giant red carpet leading up to Buckingham Palace. This colour was obtained using synthetic iron oxide pigment from The Deanshanger Oxide Works (Deanox), which was created using The Deanox Process devised by head chemist Ernest Lovell (b. London 1917).
http://wn.com/The_Mall_London
The Monument
http://wn.com/The_Monument
The Oval
The Brit Oval, still commonly referred to by its original name of The Oval, is an international cricket ground in Kennington, in the London Borough of Lambeth. In the past it was also sometimes called the Kennington Oval. In past years it was officially named as the 'Fosters Oval', 'AMP Oval', and, presently, as the 'Brit Insurance Oval' (or 'Brit Oval') due to commercial sponsorship deals.
http://wn.com/The_Oval
The Tabard
The Tabard, an inn that stood on the east side of Borough High Street in Southwark, was established in 1307, when the abbot of Hyde purchased the land to construct a hostel for himself and his brethren, when business took them to London, as well as an inn to accommodate the numerous pilgrims headed on annual pilgrimage to the Shrine of Thomas Beckett in Canterbury Cathedral. The Tabard is famous as the place owned by Harry Bailey, the host in Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales.
http://wn.com/The_Tabard
Tianjin
(; ; Postal map spelling: Tientsin) is a metropolis in Northeastern China and one of the five national central cities. It is governed as a direct-controlled municipality, one of four such designations, and is thus under direct administration of the central government, and borders Hebei Province and Beijing Municipality, bounded to the east by the Bohai Gulf portion of the Yellow Sea. In terms of urban population, it is the sixth largest city of the People's Republic of China, and its urban land area ranks 5th in the nation, only after Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen.
http://wn.com/Tianjin
Tilbury
Tilbury is a town in the borough of Thurrock, Essex, England. As a settlement it is of relatively recent existence, although it has important historical connections, being the location of a 16th century fort and an ancient cross-river ferry. It is also the location of a modern deep-water port.
http://wn.com/Tilbury
Tirana
Tirana (, ) is the capital and the largest city of Albania. Modern Tirana was founded as an Ottoman town in 1614 by Sulejman Bargjini, a local ruler from Mullet, although the area has been continuously inhabited since antiquity. Tirana became Albania's capital city in 1920 and now it has a population of more than 600,000. The city is home to many universities and is the center of the political, economical, and cultural life of the country.
http://wn.com/Tirana
Tiraspol
http://wn.com/Tiraspol
Tokyo
http://wn.com/Tokyo
Tolworth
Tolworth is a mostly residential area of outer South London in the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames, located south west of Charing Cross. Neighbouring places include: New Malden, Kingston, Surbiton, Berrylands, Chessington, Ewell and Worcester Park.
http://wn.com/Tolworth
Tonbridge
Tonbridge (pronunciation and historic spelling Tunbridge) is a market town in the English county of Kent, with a population of 30,340 in 2007. It is located on the River Medway, approximately 4 miles north of Tunbridge Wells, 12 miles south west of Maidstone and 29 miles south east of London. It belongs to the administrative borough of Tonbridge and Malling (population 107,560 in 2001).
http://wn.com/Tonbridge
Tooting
Tooting is a district in south London, England, located in the London Borough of Wandsworth. It is situated south south-west of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
http://wn.com/Tooting
Toronto
http://wn.com/Toronto
Tottenham
Tottenham () is a district of north London, England in the London Borough of Haringey, situated northeast of Charing Cross.
http://wn.com/Tottenham
Tower 42
Tower 42 is the second tallest skyscraper in the City of London and the sixth tallest in London as a whole. The original name was the National Westminster Tower, having been built to house the National Westminster Bank's International Division. Seen from above, the tower closely resembles the (three chevrons in a hexagonal arrangement).
http://wn.com/Tower_42
Tower Bridge
Tower Bridge is a combined bascule and suspension bridge in London, England, over the River Thames. It is close to the Tower of London, which gives it its name. It has become an iconic symbol of London.
http://wn.com/Tower_Bridge
Tower of London
'''Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress, more commonly known as the Tower of London''', is a historic castle on the north bank of the River Thames in central London, England. It lies within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, separated from the eastern edge of the City of London by the open space known as Tower Hill. It was founded towards the end of 1066 as part of the Norman Conquest of England. The White Tower, which gives the entire castle its name, was built by William the Conqueror in 1078, and was a resented symbol of oppression, inflicted upon London by the new ruling elite. The castle was used as a prison since at least 1100, although that was not its primary purpose. A grand palace early in its history, it served as a royal residence. As a whole, the Tower is a complex of several buildings set within two concentric rings of defensive walls and a moat. There were several phases of expansion, mainly under Kings Richard the Lionheart, Henry III, and Edward I in the 12th and 13th centuries. The general layout established by the late 13th century remains despite later activity on the site.
http://wn.com/Tower_of_London
Tramlink
Tramlink (originally and sometimes still called Croydon Tramlink) is a tramway system in south London in the United Kingdom which began operation in May 2000. The service is operated by London Tramlink, part of Transport for London (TfL).
http://wn.com/Tramlink
Transnistria
http://wn.com/Transnistria
Trent Park
Trent Park is a country park, formerly the grounds of a mansion house which currently forms the Trent Park campus of Middlesex University in the north of London, United Kingdom. The campus is home to the performing arts, teacher education, humanities, product design and engineering, television production and biological science departments of the university. The sports ground in the park, Southgate Hockey Centre, provides facilities for the local community and the university.
http://wn.com/Trent_Park
Tring
Tring is a small market town and also a civil parish in the Chiltern Hills in Hertfordshire, England. Situated north-west of London and linked to London by the old Roman road of Akeman Street, by the modern A41, by the Grand Union Canal and by rail lines to Euston Station, Tring is now largely a commuter town in the London commuter belt.
http://wn.com/Tring
Tskhinvali
Tskhinvali (also spelled Cchinvali or Cxinvali; , ; , Tskhinval or '''Ch'reba'''; ), is the capital of South Ossetia, a disputed region which has been recognised as an independent Republic by Russia, Venezuela, Nicaragua and Nauru, and is regarded by Georgia and the rest of the world as part of the Shida Kartli region within Georgian sovereign territory under the Russian occupation.
http://wn.com/Tskhinvali
Turkey
Turkey (), known officially as the Republic of Turkey (), is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in western Asia and Thrace in the Balkan region of southeastern Europe. Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between Eastern Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.
http://wn.com/Turkey
TW postcode area
http://wn.com/TW_postcode_area
Twickenham
{{infobox UK place
http://wn.com/Twickenham
Tórshavn
http://wn.com/Tórshavn
UB postcode area
The UB postcode area, also known as the Southall postcode area, is a group of ten postcode districts covering part of north west and west London, which are subdivisions of six post towns. UB comes from an abbreviation of Uxbridge.
http://wn.com/UB_postcode_area
UCL Medical School
UCL Medical School (formerly known as Royal Free and University College Medical School), is the medical school of University College London (UCL). It is one of the United Hospitals.
http://wn.com/UCL_Medical_School
Uganda
The Republic of Uganda ( or ) is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered on the east by Kenya, on the north by Sudan, on the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, on the southwest by Rwanda, and on the south by Tanzania. The southern part of the country includes a substantial portion of Lake Victoria, which is also bordered by Kenya and Tanzania.
http://wn.com/Uganda
Ukraine
Ukraine ( ; , transliterated: , ), with its area of 603,628 km2, is the second largest country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by the Russian Federation to the east and northeast, Belarus to the northwest, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to the west, Romania and Moldova to the southwest, and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast respectively.
http://wn.com/Ukraine
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a country and sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island nation, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border with another sovereign state, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. Great Britain is linked to continental Europe by the Channel Tunnel.
http://wn.com/United_Kingdom
United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
http://wn.com/United_States
University of London
Based primarily in London, England, the University of London is a federal mega university made up of 31 affiliates: 19 separate university institutions, and 12 research institutes. As such, the University of London is the largest university in the UK by number of full-time students, with 135,090 campus-based students and over 45,000 in the University of London International Programmes.
http://wn.com/University_of_London
Upminster
{{infobox UK place|
http://wn.com/Upminster
Upper Clapton
Upper Clapton is a district in the London Borough of Hackney. It is bounded by the Hackney districts of Stamford Hill to the west, Lower Clapton and Lea Bridge to the south and the Haringey district of South Tottenham to the north. To the east is the River Lea (spelt Lea or Lee), on the other side of which is the expanse of the Walthamstow Marshes, part of which is in the Lee Valley Park.
http://wn.com/Upper_Clapton
Uxbridge
http://wn.com/Uxbridge
Vaduz
Vaduz ( or ) is the capital of the principality of Liechtenstein and the seat of the national parliament. The town, located along the Rhine, has about 5,100 inhabitants (), most of whom are Roman Catholic. Its cathedral is the seat of a Roman Catholic archbishop.
http://wn.com/Vaduz
Valletta
Valletta is the de facto capital city of Malta, colloquially known as Il-Belt () in Maltese. It is located in the central-eastern portion of the island of Malta and the city proper has a population of 6,098. According to Eurostat, urban zone of Valletta has a population of 368,250.
http://wn.com/Valletta
Vancouver
Vancouver () is a coastal city located in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia, Canada. It is named for British Captain George Vancouver, who explored the area in the 1790s. The name Vancouver itself originates from the Dutch "van Coevorden", denoting somebody from Coevorden, a city in the Netherlands.
http://wn.com/Vancouver
Vatican City
http://wn.com/Vatican_City
Vauxhall station
Vauxhall station is a National Rail, London Underground and London Buses interchange station. It is at the Vauxhall Cross road junction opposite the southern approach to Vauxhall Bridge over the River Thames in the London district of Vauxhall. The station is on the boundary of zones 1 and 2 of the London Travelcard area and, although a through station, it is a central London railway terminus for ticketing purposes.
http://wn.com/Vauxhall_station
Vienna
Vienna (; ; ) is the capital of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.7 million (2.3 million within the metropolitan area, more than 25% of Austria's population), and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre. It is the 10th largest city by population in the European Union. Vienna is host to many major international organizations such as the United Nations and OPEC.
http://wn.com/Vienna
Vilnius
Vilnius (, see also other names) is the capital of Lithuania, and its largest city, with a population of 560,190 (850,324 together with Vilnius County) as of 2010. is the seat of the Vilnius city municipality and of the Vilnius district municipality. It is also the capital of Vilnius County.
http://wn.com/Vilnius
W postcode area
http://wn.com/W_postcode_area
Waltham Abbey, Essex
Waltham Abbey is a market town of about 20,400 people in the south west of the county of Essex, in the East of England region. It is about 24 km north of London on the Greenwich Meridian and lies between the River Lea in the west and Epping Forest in the east. It takes its name from The Abbey Church of Waltham Holy Cross, which was prominent in the early history of the town. The ancient parish covering Waltham Abbey was known as Waltham Holy Cross.
http://wn.com/Waltham_Abbey_Essex
Walthamstow
:This article is about a town. For the album by East 17 see Walthamstow (album).
http://wn.com/Walthamstow
Wandsworth
:This article refers only to the town of Wandsworth. For the wider area generally referred to as Wandsworth, see the separate article on London Borough of Wandsworth.
http://wn.com/Wandsworth
Wandsworth Common
Wandsworth common is a public common in Wandsworth, south London. It is close to Clapham Common and Wandsworth Common railway station. It is wholly in the London borough of Wandsworth. It is 73 hectares (175 acres) large and is maintained and regulated by Wandsworth Council.
http://wn.com/Wandsworth_Common
Wanstead
http://wn.com/Wanstead
Wapping
Wapping ( ) is a place in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets which forms part of the Docklands to the east of the City of London. It is situated between the north bank of the River Thames and the ancient thoroughfare simply called The Highway. Wapping's proximity to the river has given it a strong maritime character, which it retains through its riverside public houses and steps, such as the Prospect of Whitby and Wapping Stairs.
http://wn.com/Wapping
Ware, Hertfordshire
Ware is a town of around 18,000 people in Hertfordshire, England close to the county town of Hertford. It is also a civil parish in East Hertfordshire district. The Prime Meridian passes to the east of Ware.
http://wn.com/Ware_Hertfordshire
Warsaw
Warsaw ( ; see also other names) is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population as of June 2009 was estimated at 1,711,466, and the Warsaw metropolitan area at approximately 2,785,000. The city area is , with an agglomeration of (Warsaw Metro Area Obszar Metropolitalny Warszawy). Warsaw is the 9th largest city in the European Union by population.
http://wn.com/Warsaw
Watford
Watford () is a town and borough in Hertfordshire, England, situated northwest of central London and within the bounds of the M25 motorway. The borough is separated from Greater London to the south by the urbanised parish of Watford Rural in the Three Rivers District.
http://wn.com/Watford
WC postcode area
The WC (Western Central) postcode area, also known as the London WC postcode area, is a group of postcode districts in central London, England. It includes parts of the London Borough of Camden, City of Westminster, London Borough of Islington and a very small part of the City of London. The area covered is of very high density development. The current postcode districts are relatively recent divisions of the WC1 and WC2 districts established in 1917. Where the districts are used for purposes other than the sorting of mail, such as use as a geographic reference and on street signs, they continue to be commonly grouped into these two 'districts'.
http://wn.com/WC_postcode_area
WD postcode area
The WD postcode area, also known as the Watford postcode area, is a group of 13 postcode districts around the town of Watford in Hertfordshire, England. The main sorting office is in Watford (Ascot Road WD18) and it is divided into seven post towns.
http://wn.com/WD_postcode_area
Wealdstone
Wealdstone is an area in the London Borough of Harrow, north west London.
http://wn.com/Wealdstone
Welling
Welling is a district in the London Borough of Bexley , South East London. It is a suburban development situated between Shooter's Hill and Bexleyheath north of the A2 road and 10.5 miles (16.9 km) east south-east of Charing Cross.
http://wn.com/Welling
Wellington Arch
Wellington Arch, also known as Constitution Arch or (originally) the Green Park Arch, is a triumphal arch located to the south of Hyde Park in central London and at the north western corner of Green Park (although it is now isolated on a traffic island). The arch, and Marble Arch to the north of Hyde Park, were both planned in 1825 by George IV to commemorate Britain's victories in the Napoleonic Wars. The Wellington Arch was also conceived as an outer gateway to Constitution Hill and therefore a grand entrance into central London from the west. The presence of a turnpike gate at this point had led, in the eighteenth century, to a strong perception that this was the beginning of London (reflected in the nickname for Apsley House as "No 1, London") and the Arch was intended to reflect the importance of the position.
http://wn.com/Wellington_Arch
Welwyn Garden City
Welwyn Garden City () is a town within the Welwyn Hatfield borough of Hertfordshire, England. It is located approximately from Kings Cross and approximately from the London Borough of Barnet and the London Borough of Enfield. Welwyn Garden City was the second garden city in England (founded 1920) and one of the first new towns (designated 1948).
http://wn.com/Welwyn_Garden_City
Wembley
Wembley is an area of northwest London, England, and part of the London Borough of Brent. It is home to the famous Wembley Stadium and Wembley Arena.
http://wn.com/Wembley
Wessex
The Kingdom of Wessex () or Kingdom of the West Saxons () was an Anglo-Saxon kingdom of the West Saxons, in South West England, from the 6th century, until the emergence of a united English state in the 10th century, under the Wessex dynasty. It was to be an earldom after Canute the Great's conquest of 1016, from 1020 to 1066. After the Norman Conquest there was a dissolution of the English earldoms, and Wessex was split among the followers of William the Conqueror.
http://wn.com/Wessex
West End of London
The West End of London (more commonly referred to as simply The West End) is an area of Central London, England, United Kingdom, containing many of the city's major tourist attractions, businesses, headquarters and the commercial West End theatres. Use of the term began in the early 19th century to describe fashionable areas to the west of Charing Cross. For strategic planning the area is identified as one of two international centres in the London Plan. The West End is the entertainment centre of the UK with the largest shopping district in Europe, the home of the UK theatre and film industry as well as numerous up-scale bars, restaurants, hotels and nightclubs.
http://wn.com/West_End_of_London
West End theatre
West End theatre is a popular term for mainstream professional theatre staged in the large theatres of London's 'Theatreland,' the West End. Along with New York's Broadway theatre, West End theatre is usually considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre in the English speaking world. Seeing a West End show is a common tourist activity in London.
http://wn.com/West_End_theatre
West Germany
West Germany () is the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany or FRG () in the period between its creation in May 1949 to German reunification on 3 October 1990. This period, during which Germany and Berlin were divided, ended when communist East Germany was dissolved and its five states joined the eleven states of the Federal Republic of Germany. The enlarged Federal Republic of Germany with sixteen states (known simply as "Germany") is thus the continuation of the pre-1990 Federal Republic of Germany, and not its successor.
http://wn.com/West_Germany
West Ham
West Ham is in the London Borough of Newham in London, England. In the west it is a post-industrial neighbourhood abutting the site of the London Olympic Park and in the east it is mostly residential, consisting of Victorian terraced housing interspersed with higher density post-War social housing. The area has been one of the most deprived in the country and as part of the New Deal for Communities programme it forms, with neighbouring Plaistow, a regeneration area. The place lends its name to West Ham United F.C..
http://wn.com/West_Ham
West Sussex
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http://wn.com/West_Sussex
West Thames College
West Thames College is a medium sized college of further and higher education. It has two campuses in the London Borough of Hounslow in Middlesex, England: a main campus in Isleworth and a smaller Skills Centre in Feltham. Over 6,500 students study at the college each year.
http://wn.com/West_Thames_College
Westfield London
http://wn.com/Westfield_London
Westminster
Westminster is an area of Central London, within the City of Westminster, England. It lies on the north bank of the River Thames, southwest of the City of London and southwest of Charing Cross. It has a large concentration of London's historic and prestigious landmarks and visitor attractions, including Buckingham Palace and Westminster Abbey.
http://wn.com/Westminster
Westminster Abbey
http://wn.com/Westminster_Abbey
Whitechapel
Whitechapel is a built-up inner city district in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, London, England. It is located east of Charing Cross and roughly bounded by the Bishopsgate thoroughfare on the west, Fashion Street on the north, Brady Street and Cavell Street on the east and The Highway on the south. The resident population are of varied ethnic origin.
http://wn.com/Whitechapel
Whitehall
Whitehall is a road in Westminster in London, England. It is the main artery running north from Parliament Square, towards traditional Charing Cross, now at the southern end of Trafalgar Square and marked by the statue of Charles I, which is often regarded as the heart of London. Recognised as the centre of HM Government, the road is lined with government departments/ministries; "Whitehall" is therefore also frequently used as a metonym for overall UK governmental administration, as well as being a geographic name for the surrounding district.
http://wn.com/Whitehall
Wickford
Wickford is a town in the south of the English county of Essex, with a population of more than 32,500. Located approximately 30 miles (50 km) east of London, it falls within the District of Basildon along with Basildon, Billericay, Laindon and Pitsea.
http://wn.com/Wickford
Willesden
Willesden is an area in North West London which forms part of the London Borough of Brent. It is situated 5 miles (8 km) north west of Charing Cross. The area has strong links to Ireland and has a sizable Irish population, as well as a large Afro-Caribbean community.
http://wn.com/Willesden
Wimbledon Common
http://wn.com/Wimbledon_Common
Wimbledon, London
Wimbledon is a district of south London, England, located in the London Borough of Merton. It is situated south-west of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London. For most of the past century, Wimbledon has been internationally known as the home of the Wimbledon Tennis Championships.
http://wn.com/Wimbledon_London
Winchester
Winchester is the county town of Hampshire, in South East England. It lies at the heart of the wider City of Winchester, a local government district, and is located at the western end of the South Downs, along the course of the River Itchen. At the time of the 2001 Census, Winchester had a population of 41,420.
http://wn.com/Winchester
Windsor, Berkshire
Windsor () is a suburban town in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead in Berkshire, England. It is widely known as the site of Windsor Castle.
http://wn.com/Windsor_Berkshire
Woking
Woking is a large town and civil parish that shares its name with the surrounding local government district, located in the west of Surrey, England. It is part of the London commuter belt and Greater London Urban Area, located south west of Charing Cross in central London. Woking town itself, excluding the surrounding district, has a population of 62,796, and the civil parish, which covers part of the urban area inclusive of Sheerwater and Knaphill, has a population of 30,403. This population is different from the local government district (the borough of Woking), which has an approximate population of 92,400 (mid 2009 estimate).
http://wn.com/Woking
Wokingham
Wokingham is a small market town and civil parish in Berkshire in South East England approximately 33 miles (53 km) west of London. It is east-southeast of Reading and west of Bracknell. It spans an area of and, according to the 2001 census, has a population of 30,403. It is the seat of the Wokingham local government district.
http://wn.com/Wokingham
Wood Green
Wood Green is a district in north London, England, located in the London Borough of Haringey. It is situated north of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of the metropolitan centres in Greater London.
http://wn.com/Wood_Green
Woodford, London
Woodford is a large suburban town in northeast London, England, occupying the northwestern part of the London Borough of Redbridge. It is located approximately northeast of Charing Cross and is divided into the neighbourhoods of Woodford Green, Woodford Bridge and South Woodford. It was historically a string of agrarian villages surrounded by Epping Forest in the county of Essex until the clearing of the forest and improvement in communications caused the local economy to shift away from agriculture. As part of the suburban growth of London at the turn of the 20th century, Woodford significantly increased in population, becoming a municipal borough with neighbouring Wanstead in 1937 and has formed part of Greater London since 1965.
http://wn.com/Woodford_London
Woolwich
Woolwich ( or ) is a district in south London, England, located in the London Borough of Greenwich. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
http://wn.com/Woolwich
Yerevan
Yerevan (, ) is the capital and largest city of Armenia and one of the world's oldest continuously-inhabited cities. Situated along the Hrazdan River, Yerevan is the administrative, cultural, and industrial center of the country. It has been the capital since 1918, the thirteenth in the history of Armenia.
http://wn.com/Yerevan
Yokohama
http://wn.com/Yokohama
Zagreb
Zagreb () is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Croatia. It is situated in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately above sea level. In 2008, Zagreb's population was 804,200.
http://wn.com/Zagreb
Åland Islands
http://wn.com/Åland_Islands

Adele (singer)
Adele Laurie Blue Adkins (born 5 May 1988), known professionally as Adele (), is an English singer songwriter. She was the first recipient of the BRIT Awards ''Critics' Choice'' and was named the number-one predicted breakthrough act of 2008 in an annual BBC poll of music critics, Sound of 2008. She is a multi-Grammy Awards nominee who has won two awards, Best New Artist and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance in 2009.
http://wn.com/Adele_(singer)
Adrian Tinniswood
Adrian Tinniswood (born 1954) is an English writer.
http://wn.com/Adrian_Tinniswood
Alfred the Great
http://wn.com/Alfred_the_Great
Amy Winehouse
Amy Jade Winehouse (born 14 September 1983) is an English singer-songwriter, known for her eclectic mix of various musical genres including R&B;, soul, jazz. Winehouse is best known for her powerful contralto vocals.
http://wn.com/Amy_Winehouse
Anglo-Saxons
Anglo-Saxons is the term usually used to describe the invading Germanic tribes in the south and east of Great Britain from the early 5th century AD, and their creation of the English nation, to the Norman conquest of 1066. The Benedictine monk, Bede, writing three centuries later, identified them as the descendants of three Germanic tribes:
http://wn.com/Anglo-Saxons
Arthur Conan Doyle
http://wn.com/Arthur_Conan_Doyle
Australian British
http://wn.com/Australian_British
Austria
Austria or (), officially the Republic of Austria (German: ), is a landlocked country of roughly 8.3 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers and has a temperate and alpine climate. Austria's terrain is highly mountainous due to the presence of the Alps; only 32% of the country is below , and its highest point is . The majority of the population speaks German, which is also the country's official language. Other local official languages are Croatian, Hungarian and Slovene.
http://wn.com/Austria
Bangladeshi British
http://wn.com/Bangladeshi_British
Beijing
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http://wn.com/Beijing
Ben Jonson
http://wn.com/Ben_Jonson
Black British
Black British is a term that usually describes British people of Black African descent. The term, which has had different meanings and uses as a racial and political label, has been historically used to refer to any non-white British nationals. The term was first used at the end of the British Empire, when several major colonies formally gained independence and thereby created a new form of national identity. The term was used primarily from the 1950s to describe those from the former colonies of Africa, and the Caribbean, i.e. the New Commonwealth. In some circumstances the word 'Black' still signifies all ethnic minority populations.
http://wn.com/Black_British
Boris Johnson
Alexander Boris de Pfeffel Johnson (born 19 June 1964) is a British Conservative politician and journalist. Currently the Mayor of London, he previously served as the Member of Parliament for Henley and as editor of The Spectator magazine.
http://wn.com/Boris_Johnson
Boudica
Boudica (; also spelled Boudicca), formerly known as Boadicea and known in Welsh as "Buddug" (d. AD 60 or 61) was queen of a Celtic tribe who led an uprising against the occupying forces of the Roman Empire.
http://wn.com/Boudica
British Bangladeshi
http://wn.com/British_Bangladeshi
British Chinese
http://wn.com/British_Chinese
British Indian
The term British Indian (also Indian British or Indian Britons) refers to citizens of the United Kingdom whose ancestral roots lie in India. This includes people born in the UK, who are of Indian descent or Indian-born people who have immigrated to the UK. Today, Indians number around one and a half million in the UK (not including those of mixed Indian and Other ancestry), making them the single largest visible ethnic minority population in the country. They make up the largest subgroup of British Asians, and are one of the largest Indian communities in the Indian diaspora, largely due to the Indian-British relations (including historical links such as India once been occupied by British and being part of the British Empire and still being part of the Commonwealth of Nations). The British Indian community is the fifth largest in the Indian diaspora, behind the Indian communities in Nepal, the United States, Malaysia and Burma.
http://wn.com/British_Indian
British Pakistanis
British Pakistanis (also Pakistani Britons) are citizens of the United Kingdom whose ancestral roots lie in Pakistan. The UK has the largest overseas Pakistani population with a population of 1.2 million as of 2010. Pakistanis make up a large subgroup of British Asians largely due to historical and colonial links and Pakistan still being part of the Commonwealth of Nations. The British Pakistani population is very diverse and differs from region to region. British Pakistanis are victims of the North-South divide in Britain. This means that in London and the South East, the community is socially mobile and educational achievement is on or above national averages. While in the West Midlands and the North of England, the community has generally suffered from a decline in the manufacturing industry and the change to a service economy. Science and Mathematics remain popular subjects with the youngest generation of British Pakistanis, as the youth begin to establish themselves within the field.
http://wn.com/British_Pakistanis
Brixton
Brixton is a district in south London, England, in the London Borough of Lambeth. It is miles south south-east of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.
http://wn.com/Brixton
Buddhism
http://wn.com/Buddhism
Cat Stevens
Yusuf Islam (born Steven Demetre Georgiou; 21 July 1948 in London, England), originally and commonly known by his former stage name Cat Stevens, is a British musician. He is a singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, educator, philanthropist, and prominent convert to Islam.
http://wn.com/Cat_Stevens
Celts
The Celts ( or , see names of the Celts) were a diverse group of tribal societies in Iron Age and Roman-era Europe who spoke Celtic languages.
http://wn.com/Celts
Charles Dickens
Charles John Huffam Dickens (; 7 February 1812 – 9 June 1870) was the most popular British novelist of the Victorian era, and he remains popular, responsible for some of English literature's most iconic characters.
http://wn.com/Charles_Dickens
China
China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity.
http://wn.com/China
Christopher Wren
Sir Christopher Wren (20 October 1632 – 25 February 1723) was one of the best known and highest acclaimed English architects in history,
http://wn.com/Christopher_Wren
Daniel Defoe
http://wn.com/Daniel_Defoe
David Bowie
David Bowie ( ; born David Robert Jones, 8 January 1947) is an English rock musician, who has also worked as an actor, record producer and arranger. A major figure for five decades in the world of popular music, Bowie is widely regarded as an innovator, particularly for his work in the 1970s, and is known for his distinctive voice and the intellectual depth of his work.
http://wn.com/David_Bowie
Edward the Confessor
http://wn.com/Edward_the_Confessor
Elizabeth II
Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary, born 21 April 1926) is the reigning queen and head of state of 16 independent sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize, Antigua and Barbuda, and Saint Kitts and Nevis. In addition, as Head of the Commonwealth, she is the figurehead of the 54-member Commonwealth of Nations and, as the British monarch, she is the Supreme Governor of the Church of England.
http://wn.com/Elizabeth_II
Elton John
Sir Elton Hercules John, CBE (born Reginald Kenneth Dwight; 25 March 1947) is an English singer-songwriter, composer and pianist. He has worked with his songwriting partner Bernie Taupin since 1967; they have collaborated on more than 30 albums to date.
http://wn.com/Elton_John
Elvis Costello
Declan Patrick MacManus (born 25 August 1954), known by the stage name Elvis Costello, is a British singer-songwriter. He came to prominence as an early participant in London's pub rock scene in the mid-1970s and later became associated with the Punk/New Wave genre. Steeped in word play, the vocabulary of Costello's lyrics is broader than that of most popular songs. His music has drawn on many diverse genres; the critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine describes him as a "pop encyclopedia," able to "reinvent the past in his own image".Stephen Thomas Erlewine, [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql;=10:ly09kect7q70 Get Happy!! [Ryko Bonus Tracks]], Allmusic. Retrieved 17 September 2007.
http://wn.com/Elvis_Costello
Farnham
Farnham is a town in Surrey, England, within the Borough of Waverley. The town is situated some 42 miles (67 km) southwest of London in the extreme west of Surrey, adjacent to the border with Hampshire. By road Guildford is 11 miles (17 km) to the east, Aldershot 4 miles (7 km) to the north-east, the village of Runfold 2 miles (3 km) to the north-north-east and Winchester 28 miles (45 km) to the south-west. It is of historic interest, with many old buildings, including a number of Georgian houses. Farnham Castle overlooks the town. A short distance south-east of the town centre are the ruins of Waverley Abbey, Moor Park House and Mother Ludlam's Cave. Farnham is twinned with Andernach in Germany.
http://wn.com/Farnham
French British
http://wn.com/French_British
Gatwick Airport
Gatwick Airport, formerly known as (and still commonly referred to as) London Gatwick Airport is located north of the centre of Crawley, West Sussex, and south of Central London. It is London's second largest international airport and second busiest by total passenger traffic in the United Kingdom after Heathrow. Gatwick has the world's busiest single-use runway and is Europe's leading airport for point-to-point flights.
http://wn.com/Gatwick_Airport
Geoffrey Chaucer
http://wn.com/Geoffrey_Chaucer
Geoffrey of Monmouth
http://wn.com/Geoffrey_of_Monmouth
George Michael
George Michael (born Georgios Kyriacos Panayiotou (); June 25, 1963) is an English singer-songwriter who rose to fame in the 1980s when he formed the pop duo Wham! along with his school friend Andrew Ridgeley. His first solo single, "Careless Whisper" was released when he was still in the duo and sold about six million copies worldwide.
http://wn.com/George_Michael
Guangzhou
http://wn.com/Guangzhou
Hong Kong
Hong Kong () is one of two special administrative regions (SARs) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the other being Macau. Situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour. With a land mass of and a population of seven million people, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Hong Kong's population is 95 percent ethnic Chinese and 5 percent from other groups. Hong Kong's Han Chinese majority originate mainly from the cities of Guangzhou and Taishan in the neighbouring Guangdong province.
http://wn.com/Hong_Kong
Ian Dury
http://wn.com/Ian_Dury
Iceni
The Iceni or Eceni was a celtic tribe who inhabited an area of Britain corresponding roughly to the modern-day county of Norfolk between the 1st century BC and the 1st century AD. They were bordered by the Corieltauvi to the west, and the Catuvellauni and Trinovantes to the south.
http://wn.com/Iceni
Indian British
http://wn.com/Indian_British
Italian British
http://wn.com/Italian_British
Jamaican Briton
http://wn.com/Jamaican_Briton
James I of England
http://wn.com/James_I_of_England
Jimmy Choo
Dato' Jimmy Choo OBE, born Jimmy Choo Yeang Keat, () is a Malaysian fashion designer based in London, United Kingdom. He is best known for founding Jimmy Choo Ltd that became known for its hand-made women's shoes.
http://wn.com/Jimmy_Choo
John Bright
John Bright (16 November 1811 – 27 March 1889), Quaker, was a British Radical and Liberal statesman, associated with Richard Cobden in the formation of the Anti-Corn Law League. He was one of the greatest orators of his generation, and a strong critic of British foreign policy.
http://wn.com/John_Bright
John Galliano
http://wn.com/John_Galliano
John Keats
http://wn.com/John_Keats
Kenyan British
http://wn.com/Kenyan_British
Lord Mayor of London
The Right Honourable Lord Mayor of London is the legal title for the Mayor of (and head of) the City of London Corporation. The Lord Mayor of London is to be distinguished from the Mayor of London; the former is an officer only of the City of London, while the Mayor of London is the Mayor of Greater London and as such governs a much larger area. Within the City of London, the Lord Mayor has precedence over other individuals and has various special powers, rights and privileges.
http://wn.com/Lord_Mayor_of_London
Manolo Blahnik
Manolo Blahnik (), CBE, (born 28 November 1942 Santa Cruz de La Palma, Canary Islands), is a Spanish fashion designer and founder of the self-named, high-end shoe brand.
http://wn.com/Manolo_Blahnik
Nigerian British
http://wn.com/Nigerian_British
Nikolaus Pevsner
http://wn.com/Nikolaus_Pevsner
Pakistani British
http://wn.com/Pakistani_British
Peter Ackroyd
Peter Ackroyd CBE (born 5 October 1949, East Acton, Middlesex) is an English novelist and biographer with a particular interest in the history and culture of London.
http://wn.com/Peter_Ackroyd
Richard Coates
Richard Coates (born 16 April 1949, in Grimsby) is professor of linguistics (alternatively professor of onomastics) at the University of the West of England in Bristol. He was formerly (1991-2006) professor of linguistics at the University of Sussex, where he served as Dean of the School of Cognitive and Computing Sciences from 1998 to 2003. He has been honorary director of the Survey of English Place-Names since 2003, having previously (1997-2002) served as president of the English Place-Name Society which conducts the Survey. From 2002 to 2008, he was secretary of the International Council of Onomastic Sciences, a body devoted to the promotion of the study of names. He was elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries in 1992 and of the Royal Society of Arts in 2001.
http://wn.com/Richard_Coates
Robert Hooke
http://wn.com/Robert_Hooke
Samuel Johnson
Samuel Johnson (18 September 1709 13 December 1784), often referred to as Dr Johnson, was a British author who made lasting contributions to English literature as a poet, essayist, moralist, literary critic, biographer, editor and lexicographer. Johnson was a devout Anglican and committed Tory, and has been described as "arguably the most distinguished man of letters in English history". He is also the subject of "the most famous single work of biographical art in the whole of literature": James Boswell's Life of Samuel Johnson.
http://wn.com/Samuel_Johnson
Samuel Pepys
http://wn.com/Samuel_Pepys
Shanghai
http://wn.com/Shanghai
Sherlock Holmes
Sherlock Holmes () is a fictional detective created by Scottish author and physician Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. A brilliant London-based "consulting detective", Holmes is famous for his astute logical reasoning, his ability to take almost any disguise, and his forensic science skills to solve difficult cases.
http://wn.com/Sherlock_Holmes
Sri Lankan British
http://wn.com/Sri_Lankan_British
Stella McCartney
Stella Nina McCartney (born 13 September 1971) is an English fashion designer. She is the daughter of former Beatles member Sir Paul McCartney and the late photographer and animal rights activist, Linda McCartney.
http://wn.com/Stella_McCartney
The Cure
The Cure are an English rock band formed in Crawley, West Sussex in 1976. The band has experienced several line-up changes, with frontman, vocalist, guitarist and principal songwriter Robert Smith being the only constant member. The Cure first began releasing music in the late 1970s with their debut album Three Imaginary Boys (1979); this, along with several early singles, placed the band as part of the post-punk and New Wave movements that had sprung up in the wake of the punk rock revolution in the United Kingdom. During the early 1980s, the band's increasingly dark and tormented music helped form the gothic rock genre.
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The Times
The Times is a daily national newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785, when it was known as The Daily Universal Register.
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Thomas Wolsey
Thomas Wolsey (c. 1471 or 1475? – 29 November 1530; sometimes spelled Woolsey) was an English political figure and cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. When Henry VIII became king of England in 1509, Wolsey became the King's almoner. Wolsey's affairs prospered and by 1514 he had become the controlling figure in virtually all matters of state and was extremely powerful within the Church. The highest political position he attained was Lord Chancellor, the King's chief advisor, enjoying great freedom and often depicted as an alter rex (other king). Within the Church he became Archbishop of York, the second most important seat in England, and then was made a cardinal in 1515, giving him precedence over even the Archbishop of Canterbury. His main legacy is from his interest in architecture, in particular his old home of Hampton Court Palace, which stands today.
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Tianjin
(; ; Postal map spelling: Tientsin) is a metropolis in Northeastern China and one of the five national central cities. It is governed as a direct-controlled municipality, one of four such designations, and is thus under direct administration of the central government, and borders Hebei Province and Beijing Municipality, bounded to the east by the Bohai Gulf portion of the Yellow Sea. In terms of urban population, it is the sixth largest city of the People's Republic of China, and its urban land area ranks 5th in the nation, only after Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen.
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Turkish British
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Ugandan British
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Virginia Woolf
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Vivienne Westwood
Dame Vivienne Westwood, DBE, RDI (born Vivienne Isabel Swire on 8 April 1941) is a British fashion designer and businesswoman, largely responsible for bringing modern punk and new wave fashions into the mainstream.
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Wessex
The Kingdom of Wessex () or Kingdom of the West Saxons () was an Anglo-Saxon kingdom of the West Saxons, in South West England, from the 6th century, until the emergence of a united English state in the 10th century, under the Wessex dynasty. It was to be an earldom after Canute the Great's conquest of 1016, from 1020 to 1066. After the Norman Conquest there was a dissolution of the English earldoms, and Wessex was split among the followers of William the Conqueror.
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Wham!
Wham! was a British duo formed in 1981 by George Michael and Andrew Ridgeley. They were briefly known in the United States as Wham! UK because of a naming conflict with another existing U.S. band.
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William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare (baptised 26 April 1564; died 23 April 1616) was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon". His surviving works, including some collaborations, consist of about 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and several other poems. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.
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For other uses, see London (disambiguation).

London
From upper left: City of London, Tower Bridge and London Eye, Palace of Westminster
London region in the United Kingdom
Coordinates: 51°30′26″N 0°7′39″W / 51.50722°N 0.1275°W / 51.50722; -0.1275Coordinates: 51°30′26″N 0°7′39″W / 51.50722°N 0.1275°W / 51.50722; -0.1275
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Country	England
Region	London
Ceremonial counties	City and Greater London
Districts	City and 32 boroughs
Settled by Romans	as Londinium, c. AD 43
Headquarters	City Hall
Government
• Regional authority	Greater London Authority
• Regional assembly	London Assembly
• Mayor of London	Boris Johnson
• UK Parliament - London Assembly - European Parliament	74 constituencies 14 constituencies London constituency
Area
• London	1,570 km² (607 sq mi)
Elevation^[1]	24 m (79 ft)
Population (July 2010 est.)^[2]
• London	7,825,200
• Density	4,978/km² (12,892/sq mi)
• Urban	8,278,251
• Metro	13,709,000
• Demonym	Londoner
• Ethnicity (June 2009 estimates)	Ethnic groups 69.7% White 59.5% White British 2.2% White Irish 8.0% Other White 3.5% Mixed 1.0% Black Caribbean & White 0.5% Black African & White 1.0% South Asian & White 1.0% Other mixed 13.2% South Asian 6.2% Indian 2.8% Pakistani 2.2% Bangladeshi 2.0% Other South Asian 10.1% Black 5.3% Black African 4.0% Black Caribbean 0.8% Other Black 3.5% East Asian or Other 1.5% Chinese 2.0% Other
Time zone	GMT (UTC±0)
• Summer (DST)	BST (UTC+1)
Postcode areas	E , EC , N , NW , SE , SW , W , WC , BR , CM , CR , DA , EN , HA , IG , KT , RM , SM , TN , TW , UB , WD
Area code(s)	020, 01322, 01689, 01708, 01737, 01895, 01923, 01959, 01992
Website	london.gov.uk

London ⁱ/ˈlʌndən/ is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures.^{[note 1]} Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium.^[3] London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core.^[4] The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region^[5] and the Greater London administrative area,^[6]^{[note 2]} governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.^[7]

London is a leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transport all contributing to its prominence.^[8] It is the world's leading financial centre alongside New York City^[9]^[10]^[11] and has the fifth-largest city GDP in the world (and the largest in Europe).^[12] London has been described as a world cultural capital.^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16] It was the world's most visited city during 2011 ^[17]^[18] and London Heathrow is the world's busiest airport by number of international passengers.^[19] London's 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education in Europe.^[20] In 2012 London will become the first city to host the modern Summer Olympic Games three times.^[21]

London has a diverse range of peoples and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken within its boundaries.^[22] In July 2010 Greater London had an official population of 7,825,200, making it the most populous municipality in the European Union,^[2]^[23] and accounting for 12.5% of the UK population.^[24] The Greater London Urban Area is the second-largest in the EU with a population of 8,278,251,^[25] while London's metropolitan area is the largest in the EU with an estimated total population of between 12 million^[26] and 14 million.^[27] London had the largest population of any city in the world from around 1831 to 1925.^[28]

London contains four World Heritage Sites: the Tower of London; Kew Gardens; the site comprising the Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey, and St Margaret's Church; and the historic settlement of Greenwich (in which the Royal Observatory marks the Prime Meridian (0° longitude) and GMT).^[29] Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Paul's Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, Wembley Stadium, and Shard London Bridge. London is home to numerous museums, galleries, libraries, sporting events and other cultural institutions, including the British Museum, Natural History Museum, National Gallery, Tate Modern, British Library, Wimbledon, and 40 West End theatres.^[30] The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world^[31] and the second-most extensive (after the Shanghai Metro).^[32]

History [link]

Main article: History of London

Toponymy [link]

The name London may derive from the River Thames

The etymology of London is uncertain.^[33] It is an ancient name and can be found in sources from the 2nd century. It is recorded c. 121 as Londinium, which points to Romano-British origin.^[33] The earliest attempted explanation, now disregarded, is attributed to Geoffrey of Monmouth in Historia Regum Britanniae.^[33] This had it that the name originated from a supposed King Lud, who had allegedly taken over the city and named it Kaerlud.^[34]

From 1898 it was commonly accepted that the name was of Celtic origin and meant place belonging to a man called *Londinos; this explanation has since been rejected.^[33] Richard Coates put forward an explanation in 1998 that it is derived from the pre-Celtic Old European *(p)lowonida, meaning 'river too wide to ford', and suggested that this was a name given to the part of the River Thames which flows through London; from this, the settlement gained the Celtic form of its name, *Lowonidonjon.^[35]

Until 1889 the name "London" officially only applied to the City of London but since then it has also referred to the County of London and now Greater London.^[4]

Prehistory and antiquity [link]

In 1300 the City was still confined within the Roman walls.

Although there is evidence of scattered Brythonic settlements in the area, the first major settlement was founded by the Romans in 43 AD.^[36] This lasted for just seventeen years and around 61, the Iceni tribe led by Queen Boudica stormed it, burning it to the ground.^[37] The next, heavily planned incarnation of the city prospered and superseded Colchester as the capital of the Roman province of Britannia in 100. At its height during the 2nd century, Roman London had a population of around 60,000. By the 7th century, the Anglo-Saxons had created a new settlement called Lundenwic over a mile (2 km) upstream from the old Roman city, around what is now Covent Garden.^[38]

It is likely that there was a harbour at the mouth of the River Fleet for fishing and trading, and this trading grew, until the city was overcome by the Vikings and forced to move east, back to the location of the Roman Londinium, in order to use its walls for protection.^[39] Viking attacks continued to increase, until 886 when Alfred the Great recaptured London and made peace with the Danish leader, Guthrum.^[40] The original Saxon city of Lundenwic became Ealdwic ("old city"), a name surviving to the present day as Aldwych, which is in the modern City of Westminster.^[41]

Two recent discoveries indicate that London could be much older than previously thought. In 1999 the remains of a Bronze Age bridge were found on the foreshore north of Vauxhall Bridge.^[42] This bridge either crossed the Thames, or went to a (lost) island in the river. Dendrology dated the timbers to 1500BC.

In 2010 the foundations of a large timber structure, dated to 4500BC, were found on the Thames foreshore, South of Vauxhall Bridge.^[43] The function of the mesolithic structure is not known, but it covers at least 50m x 10m, and numerous 30 cm posts are visible at low tides. Both structures are on South Bank, at a natural crossing point where the River Effra flows into the River Thames, and 4 km upstream from the Roman City of London. The effort required to construct these structures implies trade, stability, and a community size of several hundred people at least.

Middle Ages [link]

The Lancastrian siege of London in 1471 is attacked by a Yorkist sally.

With the collapse of Roman rule in the early 5th century, London was effectively abandoned. However, from the 6th century an Anglo-Saxon settlement known as Lundenwic developed slightly to the west of the old Roman city, around what is now Covent Garden and the Strand, rising to a likely population of 10–12,000.^[38] In the 9th century London was repeatedly attacked by Vikings, leading to a relocation of the city back to the location of Roman Londinium, in order to use its walls for protection.^[39] Following the unification of England in the 10th century London, already the country's largest city and most important trading centre, became increasingly important as a political centre, although it still faced competition from Winchester, the traditional centre of the kingdom of Wessex.

In the 11th century King Edward the Confessor re-founded and rebuilt Westminster Abbey and Westminster, a short distance upstream from London became a favoured royal residence. From this point onward Westminster steadily supplanted the City of London itself as a venue for the business of national government.^[44]

Westminster Abbey is a World Heritage Site and one of London's oldest and most important buildings as seen in this painting (Canaletto, 1749 A.D.)

Following his victory in the Battle of Hastings, William, Duke of Normandy, was crowned King of England in the newly finished Westminster Abbey on Christmas Day 1066.^[45] William constructed the Tower of London, the first of the many Norman castles in England to be rebuilt in stone, in the southeastern corner of the city to intimidate the native inhabitants.^[46] In 1097, William II began the building of Westminster Hall, close by the abbey of the same name. The hall became the basis of a new Palace of Westminster.^[47]^[48]

During the 12th century the institutions of central government, which had hitherto accompanied the royal court as it moved around the country, grew in size and sophistication and became increasingly fixed in one place. In most cases this was Westminster, although the royal treasury, having been moved from Winchester, came to rest in the Tower. While the City of Westminster developed into a true capital in governmental terms, its distinct neighbour, the City of London, remained England's largest city and principal commercial centre and flourished under its own unique administration, the Corporation of London. In 1100 its population was around 18,000; by 1300 it had grown to nearly 100,000.^[49]

Disaster struck during the Black Death in the mid-14th century, when London lost nearly a third of its population.^[50] London was the focus of the Peasants' Revolt in 1381.^[51]

Early modern [link]

The Great Fire of London destroyed many parts of the city in 1666.

London in 1806

During the Tudor period the Reformation produced a gradual shift to Protestantism, with much of London passing from church to private ownership.^[52] The traffic in woollen cloths shipped undyed and undressed from London to the nearby shores of the Low Countries, for use by well-to-do wearers chiefly in the interior of the continent. But the tentacles of English maritime enterprise hardly extended beyond the seas of north-west Europe. The commercial route to Italy and the Mediterranean Sea normally lay through Antwerp and over the Alps; any ship passing through the Strait of Gibraltar to or from England were likely to be Italian or Ragusan. Upon the re-opening of the Netherlands to English shipping in January 1565 there at once ensued a strong outburst of commercial activity.^[53] The Royal Exchange was founded.^[54] Mercantilism grew and monopoly trading companies such as the East India Company were established, with trade expanding to the New World. London became the principal North Sea port, with migrants arriving from England and abroad. The population rose from an estimated 50,000 in 1530 to about 225,000 in 1605.^[52]

In the 16th century William Shakespeare and his contemporaries lived in London at a time of hostility to the development of the theatre. By the end of the Tudor period in 1603, London was still very compact. There was an assassination attempt on James I in Westminster, through the Gunpowder Plot on 5 November 1605.^[55] London was plagued by disease in the early 17th century,^[56] culminating in the Great Plague of 1665–1666, which killed up to 100,000 people, or a fifth of the population.^[57]

The Great Fire of London broke out in 1666 in Pudding Lane in the city and quickly swept through the wooden buildings.^[58] Rebuilding took over ten years and was supervised by Robert Hooke^[59]^[60]^[61] as Surveyor of London.^[62] In 1708 Christopher Wren's masterpiece, St Paul's Cathedral was completed. During the Georgian era new districts such as Mayfair were formed in the west; and new bridges over the Thames encouraged development in South London. In the east, the Port of London expanded downstream.

In 1762 George III acquired Buckingham House and it was enlarged over the next 75 years. During the 18th century, London was dogged by crime and the Bow Street Runners were established in 1750 as a professional police force.^[63] In total, more than 200 offences were punishable by death,^[64] and women and children were hanged for petty theft.^[65] Over 74 per cent of children born in London died before they were five.^[66] The coffeehouse became a popular place to debate ideas, with growing literacy and the development of the printing press making news widely available; and Fleet Street became the centre of the British press.

According to Samuel Johnson:

“	You find no man, at all intellectual, who is willing to leave London. No, Sir, when a man is tired of London, he is tired of life; for there is in London all that life can afford.	”
—Samuel Johnson, 1777^[67]

Late modern and contemporary [link]

A London street hit during the Blitz of World War II

London was the world's largest city from about 1831 to 1925.^[68] London's overcrowded conditions led to cholera epidemics,^[69] claiming 14,000 lives in 1848, and 6,000 in 1866.^[70] Rising traffic congestion led to the creation of the world's first local urban rail network. The Metropolitan Board of Works oversaw infrastructure expansion. It was replaced in 1889 by the London County Council, London's first elected city-wide administration. The Blitz and other bombing by the German Luftwaffe during World War II killed over 30,000 Londoners and destroyed large tracts of housing and other buildings across London. Immediately after the war, the 1948 Summer Olympics were held at the original Wembley Stadium, at a time when the city had barely recovered from the war.

In 1951 the Festival of Britain was held on the South Bank. The Great Smog of 1952 led to the Clean Air Act 1956, which ended the "pea-souper" fogs for which London had been notorious. From the 1940s onwards, London became home to a large number of immigrants, largely from Commonwealth countries such as Jamaica, India, Bangladesh and Pakistan, making London one of the most diverse cities in Europe.

Primarily starting in the mid-1960s, London became a centre for the worldwide youth culture, exemplified by the Swinging London subculture associated with the King's Road, Chelsea and Carnaby Street. The role of trendsetter was revived during the punk era. In 1965 London's political boundaries were expanded to take into account the growth of the urban area and a new Greater London Council was created. During The Troubles in Northern Ireland, London was subjected to bombing attacks by the Provisional IRA. Racial inequality was highlighted by the 1981 Brixton riot. Greater London's population declined steadily in the decades after World War II, from an estimated peak of 8.6 million in 1939 to around 6.8 million in the 1980s. The principal ports for London moved downstream to Felixstowe and Tilbury, with the London Docklands area becoming a focus for regeneration as the Canary Wharf development. This was borne out of London's ever-increasing role as a major international financial centre during the 1980s.

The Thames Barrier was completed in the 1980s to protect London against tidal surges from the North Sea. The Greater London Council was abolished in 1986, which left London as the only large metropolis in the world without a central administration. In 2000, London-wide government was restored, with the creation of the Greater London Authority. To celebrate the start of the 21st century, the Millennium Dome, London Eye and Millennium Bridge were constructed. On 7 July 2005, three London Underground trains and a double-decker bus were bombed in a series of terrorist attacks.^[71]

Government [link]

Local government [link]

Main articles: Local government in London, History of local government in London, and List of heads of London government

London City Hall is the headquarters of the Greater London Authority (GLA) which comprises the Mayor of London and London Assembly. It is located on the River Thames in the London Borough of Southwark

The Greater London Authority is based in City Hall, Southwark

The administration of London is formed of two tiers—a city-wide, strategic tier and a local tier. City-wide administration is coordinated by the Greater London Authority (GLA), while local administration is carried out by 33 smaller authorities.^[72] The GLA consists of two elected components; the Mayor of London, who has executive powers, and the London Assembly, who scrutinise the mayor's decisions and can accept or reject his budget proposals each year. The headquarters of the GLA is City Hall, Southwark; the current mayor is Boris Johnson. The mayor's statutory planning strategy is published as the London Plan, which was most recently revised in 2011.^[73] The local authorities are the councils of the 32 London boroughs and the City of London Corporation.^[74] They are responsible for most local services, such as local planning, schools, social services, local roads and refuse collection. Certain functions, such as waste management, are provided through joint arrangements. In 2009–2010 the combined revenue expenditure by London councils and the GLA amounted to just over 22 billion ₤ (14.7 billion ₤ for the boroughs and 7.4 billion ₤ for the GLA)^[75]

Policing in Greater London, with the exception of the City of London, is provided by the Metropolitan Police Force, overseen by the Metropolitan Police Authority. The City of London has its own police force – the City of London Police.^[76] The British Transport Police are responsible for police services on National Rail and London Underground services in the capital.^[77]

The London Fire Brigade is the statutory fire and rescue service for Greater London. It is run by the London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority and is the third-largest fire service in the world.^[78] National Health Service ambulance services are provided by the London Ambulance Service (LAS) NHS Trust, the largest free at the point of use emergency ambulance service in the world.^[79] The London Air Ambulance charity operates in conjunction with the LAS where required. Her Majesty's Coastguard and the Royal National Lifeboat Institution operate on the River Thames.^[80]^[81]

National government [link]

London is the seat of the Government of the United Kingdom, which is located around the Palace of Westminster. Many government departments are located close to Parliament, particularly along Whitehall, including the Prime Minister's residence at 10 Downing Street.^[82] The British Parliament is often referred to as the "Mother of Parliaments" (although this sobriquet was first applied to England itself by John Bright)^[83] because it has been the model for most other parliamentary systems, and its Acts have created many other parliaments.

Geography [link]

Main article: Geography of London

Scope [link]

Greater London is the top-level administrative subdivision covering London. The small, ancient City of London at its core once contained the whole settlement, but as the urban area grew the City Corporation resisted attempts to amalgamate it with its suburbs, causing "London" to be defined in a number ways for different purposes; and the situation was once open to legal debate.^[84] Forty per cent of Greater London is covered by the London post town, within which 'LONDON' forms part of postal addresses.^[85]^[86]

Satellite view of London

Map of central London

The London telephone area code (020) covers a larger area, similar in size to Greater London, although some outer districts are omitted and some places just outside are included. The area within the orbital M25 motorway is normally what is referred to as 'London'.^[87] and the Greater London boundary has been aligned to it in places.^[88]

Outward urban expansion is now prevented by the Metropolitan Green Belt,^[89] although the built-up area extends beyond the boundary in places, resulting in a separately defined Greater London Urban Area. Beyond this is the vast London commuter belt.^[90] Greater London is split for some purposes into Inner London and Outer London.^[91] The city is split by the River Thames into North and South, with an informal central London area in its interior. The coordinates of the nominal centre of London, traditionally considered to be the original Eleanor Cross at Charing Cross near the junction of Trafalgar Square and Whitehall, are approximately 51°30′26″N 00°07′39″W / 51.50722°N 0.1275°W / 51.50722; -0.1275.^[92]

Status [link]

Within London, both the City of London and the City of Westminster have city status and both the City of London and the remainder of Greater London are the ceremonial counties.^[93] The current area of Greater London has incorporated areas that were once part of the counties of Middlesex, Kent, Surrey, Essex and Hertfordshire.^[94] London's status as the capital of England, and later the United Kingdom, has never been granted or confirmed officially—by statute or in written form.^{[note 3]}

Its position was formed through constitutional convention, making its status as de facto capital a part of the UK's unwritten constitution. The capital of England was moved to London from Winchester as the Palace of Westminster developed in the 12th and 13th centuries to become the permanent location of the royal court, and thus the political capital of the nation.^[98] More recently, Greater London has been defined as a region of England and in this context known as London.^[5]

Topography [link]

Primrose Hill

Greater London covers an area of 1,583 square kilometres (611 sq mi), an area which had a population of 7,172,036 in 2001 and a population density of 4,542 inhabitants per square kilometre (11,760 /sq mi). A larger area, referred to as the London Metropolitan Region or the London Metropolitan Agglomeration covers an area of 8,382 square kilometres (3,236 sq mi) has a population of 12,653,500 and a population density of 1,510 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,900 /sq mi).^[99] Modern London stands on the Thames, its primary geographical feature, a navigable river which crosses the city from the south-west to the east. The Thames Valley is a floodplain surrounded by gently rolling hills including Parliament Hill, Addington Hills, and Primrose Hill. The Thames was once a much broader, shallower river with extensive marshlands; at high tide, its shores reached five times their present width.^[100]

Since the Victorian era the Thames has been extensively embanked, and many of its London tributaries now flow underground. The Thames is a tidal river, and London is vulnerable to flooding.^[101] The threat has increased over time due to a slow but continuous rise in high water level by the slow 'tilting' of Britain (up in the north and down in the south) caused by post-glacial rebound.^[102]

In 1974, a decade of work began on the construction of the Thames Barrier across the Thames at Woolwich to deal with this threat. While the barrier is expected to function as designed until roughly 2070, concepts for its future enlargement or redesign are already being discussed.^[103]

Climate [link]

London has a temperate oceanic climate, similar to much of southern Britain. Despite its reputation as being a rainy city, London receives less precipitation in a year than Rome at 834 mm (32.8 in), or Bordeaux at 923 mm (36.3 in).^[104] Winters are generally chilly to cold with frost usually occurring in the suburbs on average twice a week from November to March. Snow usually occurs about 4 or 5 times a year mostly from December to February. Snowfall during March and April is rare but does occur every 2–3 years. Winter temperatures seldom fall below −4 °C (24.8 °F) or rise above 14 °C (57.2 °F). During the winter of 2010, London experienced its lowest temperature on record (−14 °C (6.8 °F)) in Northolt and the heaviest snow seen for almost two decades, a huge strain on London's transport infrastructure. Summers are generally warm and sometimes hot, the heat being boosted by the urban heat island effect making the centre of London at times 5 °C (9 °F) warmer than the suburbs and outskirts. London's summer average is 24 °C (75.2 °F). On average there are 7 days a year above 30 °C (86.0 °F) and 2 days a year above 32 °C (89.6 °F). Temperatures of 26 °C (80 °F) usually occur on a weekly basis from mid- June to late August. During the 2003 European heat wave there were 14 consecutive days above 30 °C (86.0 °F) and 2 consecutive days where temperatures soared up to 38 °C (100.4 °F), leading to hundreds of heat related deaths. Rain generally occurs on around 2 out of 10 summer days. Spring and Autumn are mixed seasons and can be pleasant. On 1 October 2011, the air temperature attained 30 °C (86.0 °F) and in April 2011 it reached 28 °C (82.4 °F). However in recent years both of these months have also had snowfall. Temperature extremes range from −10 °C (14.0 °F) to 37.9 °C (100.2 °F).

Climate data for London (Greenwich)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	14.0 (57.2)	19.7 (67.5)	21.0 (69.8)	26.9 (80.4)	31.0 (87.8)	35.0 (95.0)	35.5 (95.9)	37.9 (100.2)	30.0 (86.0)	28.8 (83.8)	19.0 (66.2)	15.0 (59.0)	37.9 (100.2)
Average high °C (°F)	8.1 (46.6)	8.4 (47.1)	11.4 (52.5)	14.2 (57.6)	17.9 (64.2)	21.1 (70.0)	23.5 (74.3)	23.2 (73.8)	19.9 (67.8)	15.6 (60.1)	11.2 (52.2)	8.3 (46.9)	15.2 (59.4)
Average low °C (°F)	2.3 (36.1)	2.1 (35.8)	3.9 (39.0)	5.5 (41.9)	8.7 (47.7)	11.7 (53.1)	13.9 (57.0)	13.7 (56.7)	11.4 (52.5)	8.4 (47.1)	4.9 (40.8)	2.7 (36.9)	7.4 (45.3)
Record low °C (°F)	−10 (14.0)	−9 (15.8)	−8 (17.6)	−2 (28.4)	−1 (30.2)	5.0 (41.0)	7.0 (44.6)	6.0 (42.8)	3.0 (37.4)	−4 (24.8)	−5 (23.0)	−7 (19.4)	−10 (14.0)
Precipitation mm (inches)	55.2 (2.173)	40.8 (1.606)	41.6 (1.638)	43.6 (1.717)	49.3 (1.941)	44.9 (1.768)	44.5 (1.752)	49.5 (1.949)	49.1 (1.933)	68.5 (2.697)	59.0 (2.323)	55.0 (2.165)	601.5 (23.681)
Snowfall cm (inches)	24.4 (9.61)	10.8 (4.25)	2.7 (1.06)	0.4 (0.16)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0.2 (0.08)	8.2 (3.23)	46.7 (18.39)
% humidity	91	89	91	90	92	92	93	95	96	95	93	91	92.3
Avg. rainy days (≥ 1 mm)	10.9	8.1	9.8	9.3	8.5	8.4	7.0	7.2	8.7	9.3	9.3	10.1	106.6
Avg. snowy days	4	4	3	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	3	16
Mean monthly sunshine hours	45.9	66.1	103.2	147.0	185.4	180.6	190.3	194.4	139.2	109.7	60.6	37.8	1,460.2
Source no. 1: Record highs and lows from BBC Weather,^[105] except August and February maximum from Met Office^[106] ^[107]
Source no. 2: All other data from Met Office,^[108] except for humidity and snow data which are from NOAA^[109]

Districts [link]

Main article: List of districts of London

**The City of London and the 32 London boroughs**
City of London City of Westminster Kensington and Chelsea Hammersmith and Fulham Wandsworth Lambeth Southwark Tower Hamlets Hackney Islington Camden Brent Ealing Hounslow Richmond Kingston Merton		Sutton Croydon Bromley Lewisham Greenwich Bexley Havering Barking and Dagenham Redbridge Newham Waltham Forest Haringey Enfield Barnet Harrow Hillingdon

London's vast urban area is often described using a set of district names, such as Bloomsbury, Mayfair, Wembley and Whitechapel. These are either informal designations, reflect the names of villages that have been absorbed by sprawl, or are superseded administrative units such as parishes or former boroughs.

Such names have remained in use through tradition, each referring to a local area with its own distinctive character, but without current official boundaries. Since 1965 Greater London has been divided into 32 London boroughs in addition to the ancient City of London.^[110]^[111] The City of London is the main financial district^[112] and Canary Wharf has recently developed into a new financial and commercial hub, in the Docklands to the east.

The West End is London's main entertainment and shopping district, attracting tourists.^[113] West London includes expensive residential areas where properties can sell for tens of millions of pounds.^[114] The average price for properties in Kensington and Chelsea is £894,000 with similar average outlay in most of central London.^[115]

The East End is the area closest to the original Port of London, known for its high immigrant population, as well as for being one of the poorest areas in London.^[116] The surrounding East London area saw much of London's early industrial development; now, brownfield sites throughout the area are being redeveloped as part of the Thames Gateway including the London Riverside and Lower Lea Valley, which is being developed into the Olympic Park for the 2012 Olympics and Paralympics.^[116]

Architecture [link]

Main articles: Architecture of London and List of tallest buildings and structures in London

30 St Mary Axe, also known as the Gherkin, towers over St Andrew Undershaft

London's buildings are too diverse to be characterised by any particular architectural style, partly due to their varying ages. Many grand houses and public buildings, such as the National Gallery, are constructed from Portland stone. Some areas of the city, particularly those just west of the centre, are characterised by white stucco or whitewashed buildings. Few structures in Central London pre-date the Great Fire of 1666, these being a few trace Roman remains, the Tower of London and a few scattered Tudor survivors in the City. Further out is, for example, the Tudor period Hampton Court Palace, England's oldest surviving Tudor palace, built by Cardinal Thomas Wolsey circa 1515.^[117] Wren's late 17th century churches and the financial institutions of the 18th and 19th centuries such as the Royal Exchange and the Bank of England, to the early 20th century Old Bailey and the 1960s Barbican Estate form part of the varied architectural heritage.

The disused, but soon to be rejuvenated, 1939 Battersea Power Station by the river in the southwest is a local landmark, while some railway termini are excellent examples of Victorian architecture, most notably St. Pancras and Paddington.^[118] The density of London varies, with high employment density in the central area, high residential densities in inner London and lower densities in the suburbs.

The Monument in the City of London provides views of the surrounding area while commemorating the Great Fire of London, which originated nearby. Marble Arch and Wellington Arch, at the north and south ends of Park Lane respectively, have royal connections, as do the Albert Memorial and Royal Albert Hall in Kensington. Nelson's Column is a nationally recognised monument in Trafalgar Square, one of the focal points of the city centre.

Buckingham Palace is the official residence of the British monarch

High-rise development is restricted at certain sites if it would obstruct protected views of St Paul's Cathedral. Nevertheless, there are plans for more skyscrapers in central London (see Tall buildings in London), including the 72-storey Shard London Bridge which is currently under construction. Development temporarily stalled as a result of the recent financial crisis, but is reported to be recovering.^[119] Older buildings are mainly brick built, most commonly the yellow London stock brick or a warm orange-red variety, often decorated with carvings and white plaster mouldings.^[120]

In the dense areas, most of the concentration is achieved with medium- and high-rise buildings. London's skyscrapers such as 30 St Mary Axe, Tower 42, the Broadgate Tower and One Canada Square are usually found in the two financial districts, the City of London and Canary Wharf. Other notable modern buildings include City Hall in Southwark with its distinctive oval shape,^[121] and the British Library in Somers Town/Kings Cross. What was formerly the Millennium Dome, located by the Thames to the east of Canary Wharf, is now used as an entertainment venue called The O2 Arena.

Parks and gardens [link]

Main articles: Parks and open spaces in London and Royal Parks of London

Aerial view of Hyde Park

The largest parks in the central area of London are the Royal Parks of Hyde Park, its neighbour Kensington Gardens at the western edge of central London and Regent's Park on the northern edge.^[122] Regent's Park contains London Zoo, the world's oldest scientific zoo, and is located near the tourist attraction of Madame Tussauds Wax Museum.^[123]^[124]

Closer to central London are the smaller Royal Parks of Green Park and St. James's Park.^[125] Hyde Park in particular is popular for sports and sometimes hosts open-air concerts. A number of large parks lie outside the city centre, including the remaining Royal Parks of Greenwich Park to the south-east^[126] and Bushy Park and Richmond Park to the south-west,^[127]^[128] as well as Victoria Park, London to the east. Primrose Hill to the north of Regent's Park is a popular spot to view the city skyline.

Some more informal, semi-natural open spaces also exist, including the 320-hectare (790-acre) Hampstead Heath of North London.^[129] This incorporates Kenwood House, the former stately home and a popular location in the summer months where classical musical concerts are held by the lake, attracting thousands of people every weekend to enjoy the music, scenery and fireworks.^[130]

Demography [link]

Main article: Demography of London

2001 United Kingdom Census^[131]
Country of birth	Population
United Kingdom	5,230,155
India	172,162
Republic of Ireland	157,285
Bangladesh	84,565
Jamaica	80,319
Nigeria	68,907
Pakistan	66,658
Kenya	66,311
Sri Lanka	49,932
Ghana	46,513
Cyprus	45,888
South Africa	45,506
United States	44,622
Australia	41,488
Germany	39,818
Turkey	39,128
Italy	38,694
France	38,130
Somalia	33,831
Uganda	32,082
New Zealand	27,494

2009–10 ONS estimates^[132]
Country of birth	Population
India	248,000
Poland	122,000
Republic of Ireland	110,000
Bangladesh	107,000
Nigeria	95,000

With increasing industrialisation, London's population grew rapidly throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, and it was for some time in the late 19th and early 20th centuries the most populous city in the world until overtaken by New York in 1925. Its population peaked at 8,615,245 in 1939 immediately before the outbreak of the Second World War. There were an estimated 7,556,900 official residents in Greater London as of mid-2007^[update].^[133]

However, London's continuous urban area extends beyond the borders of Greater London and was home to 8,278,251 people in 2001,^[25] while its wider metropolitan area has a population of between 12 and 14 million depending on the definition used.^[26]^[27] According to Eurostat, London is the most populous city and metropolitan area of the European Union and the second most populous in Europe (or third if Istanbul is included). During the period 1991–2001 a net 726,000 immigrants arrived in London.^[134]

The region covers an area of 1,579 square kilometres (610 sq mi). The population density is 4,542 inhabitants per square kilometre (11,760 /sq mi),^[135] more than ten times that of any other British region.^[136] In terms of population, London is the 25th largest city and the 18th largest metropolitan region in the world. It is also ranked 4th in the world in number of billionaires (United States Dollars) residing in the city.^[137] London ranks as one of the most expensive cities in the world, alongside Tokyo and Moscow.^[138]

Ethnic groups [link]

Main article: Ethnic groups in London

According to the Office for National Statistics, based on 2009 estimates, 69.7 per cent of the 7,753,600 inhabitants of London were White, with 59.5 per cent White British, 2.2 per cent White Irish and 8.0 per cent classified as Other White. Some 13.2 per cent are of South Asian descent, with Indians making up 6.2 per cent of London's population, followed by Pakistanis and Bangladeshis at 2.8 per cent and 2.2 per cent respectively. 2.0 per cent are categorised as "Other Asian". 10.1 per cent of London's population are Black, with around 5.3 per cent being Black African, 4.0 per cent as Black Caribbean and 0.8 per cent as "Other Black". 3.5 per cent of Londoners are of mixed race; 1.8 per cent are Chinese; and 1.7 per cent belong to another ethnic group.^[139]

Across London, Black and Asian children outnumber White British children by about six to four in state schools.^[140] However, White children represent 62 per cent of London's 1,498,700 population aged 0 to 15 as of 2009 estimates from the Office for National Statistics, with 55.7 per cent of the population aged 0 to 15 being White British, 0.7 per cent being White Irish and 5.6 per cent being from other EU White backgrounds.^[141] In January 2005, a survey of London's ethnic and religious diversity claimed that there were more than 300 languages spoken and more than 50 non-indigenous communities which have a population of more than 10,000 in London.^[142] Figures from the Office for National Statistics show that, as of 2010^[update], London's foreign-born population is 2,650,000 (33 per cent), up from 1,630,000 in 1997.

The 2001 census showed that 27.1 per cent of Greater London's population were born outside the UK.^[143] The table to the right shows the 20 most common foreign countries of birth of London residents in 2001, the date of the last published UK Census.^[131] A portion of the German-born population are likely to be British nationals born to parents serving in the British Armed Forces in Germany.^[144] Estimates produced by the Office for National Statistics indicate that the five largest foreign-born groups living in London in the period July 2009 to June 2010 were those born in India, Poland, the Republic of Ireland, Bangladesh and Nigeria.^[132]

Religion [link]

Main article: Religion in London

Religion in London
Religion			Percent
Christian			58.2%
No religion			15.8%
Religion not stated			8.7%
Muslim			8.5%
Hindu			4.1%
Jewish			2.1%
Sikh			1.5%
Buddhist			0.8%
Other			0.2%

The majority of Londoners – 58.2 per cent – identify themselves as Christians.^[145] This is followed by those of no religion (15.8 per cent), Muslims (8.5 per cent), Hindus (4.1 per cent), Jews (2.1 per cent), Sikhs (1.5 per cent), Buddhists (0.8 per cent) and other (0.2 per cent), though 8.7 per cent of people did not answer this question in the 2001 Census.^[145]

London has traditionally been Christian, and has a large number of churches, particularly in the City of London. The well-known St Paul's Cathedral in the City and Southwark Cathedral south of the river are Anglican administrative centres,^[146] while the Archbishop of Canterbury, principal bishop of the Church of England and worldwide Anglican Communion, has his main residence at Lambeth Palace in the London Borough of Lambeth.^[147]

Important national and royal ceremonies are shared between St Paul's and Westminster Abbey.^[148] The Abbey is not to be confused with nearby Westminster Cathedral, which is the largest Roman Catholic cathedral in England and Wales.^[149] Despite the prevalence of Anglican churches, observance is very low within the Anglican denomination. Church attendance continues on a long, slow, steady decline, according to Church of England statistics.^[150]

St Paul's Cathedral

London is also home to sizeable Muslim, Hindu, Sikh, and Jewish communities. Many Muslims live in Tower Hamlets and Newham; the most important Muslim edifice is London Central Mosque on the edge of Regent's Park.^[151] Following the oil boom, increasing numbers of wealthy Middle-Eastern Muslims have based themselves around Mayfair and Knightsbridge in west London.^[152]^[153] London is home to the largest mosque in western Europe, the Baitul Futuh Mosque, of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community London's large Hindu community is found in the north-western boroughs of Harrow and Brent, the latter of which is home to one of Europe's largest Hindu temples, Neasden Temple.^[154] Sikh communities are located in East and West London, which is also home to the largest Sikh temple in the world outside India.^[155]

The majority of British Jews live in London, with significant Jewish communities in Stamford Hill, Stanmore, Golders Green, Hampstead, Hendon and Edgware in North London. Stanmore and Canons Park Synagogue has the largest membership of any single Orthodox synagogue in the whole of Europe, overtaking Ilford synagogue (also in London) in 1998.^[156] The community set up the London Jewish Forum in 2006 in response to the growing significance of devolved London Government.^[157]

Economy [link]

Main articles: Economy of London and Media in London

The City of London is one of the world's largest financial centres alongside New York City.^[9]^[11]

London generates approximately 20 per cent of the UK's GDP^[158] (or $446 billion in 2005); while the economy of the London metropolitan area—the largest in Europe—generates approximately 30 per cent of the UK's GDP (or an estimated $669 billion in 2005).^[159] London is one of the pre-eminent financial centres of the world and vies with New York City as the most important location for international finance.^[160]^[161]

London's largest industry is finance, and its financial exports make it a large contributor to the UK's balance of payments. Around 325,000 people were employed in financial services in London until mid-2007. London has over 480 overseas banks, more than any other city in the world. Currently, over 85% (3.2 million) of the employed population of greater London works in the services industries. Due to its prominent global role, London's economy has been affected by the late-2000s financial crisis. The City of London estimates that 70,000 jobs in finance will be cut within a year.^[162] The City of London is home to the Bank of England, London Stock Exchange, and Lloyd's of London insurance market.

Over half of the UK's top 100 listed companies (the FTSE 100) and over 100 of Europe's 500 largest companies have their headquarters in central London. Over 70 per cent of the FTSE 100 are located within London's metropolitan area, and 75 per cent of Fortune 500 companies have offices in London.^[163]

Canary Wharf is a major business and financial centre and is home to some of the UK's tallest buildings

Along with professional services, media companies are concentrated in London and the media distribution industry is London's second most competitive sector.^[164] The BBC is a significant employer, while other broadcasters also have headquarters around the City. Many national newspapers are edited in London. London is a major retail centre and in 2010 had the highest non-food retail sales of any city in the world, with a total spend of around £64.2 billion.^[165] The Port of London is the second-largest in the United Kingdom, handling 45 million tonnes of cargo each year.^[166]

London has five major business districts: the City, Westminster, Canary Wharf, Camden & Islington and Lambeth & Southwark. One way to get an idea of their relative importance is to look at relative amounts of office space: Greater London had 27 million m² of office space in 2001, and the City contains the most space, with 8 million m² of office space. London has some of the highest real estate prices in the world.^[167]^[168]

Tourism [link]

The Natural History Museum

London is a popular centre for tourism, one of its prime industries, employing the equivalent of 350,000 full-time workers in 2003,^[169] while annual expenditure by tourists is around £15 billion.^[170] London attracts over 14 million international visitors per year, making it Europe's most visited city.^[171] London attracts 27 million overnight-stay visitors every year.^[172] In 2009 the ten most-visited attractions in London were:^[173]

Transport [link]

Main articles: Transport in London and Infrastructure in London

Transport is one of the four main areas of policy administered by the Mayor of London,^[174] however the mayor's financial control does not extend to the longer distance rail network that enters London. In 2007 he assumed responsibility for some local lines, which now form the London Overground network, adding to the existing responsibility for the London Underground, trams and buses. The public transport network is administered by Transport for London (TfL) and is one of the most extensive in the world. Cycling is an increasingly popular way to get around London. The London Cycling Campaign lobbies for better provision.^[175]

The lines that formed the London Underground, as well as trams and buses, became part of an integrated transport system in 1933 when the London Passenger Transport Board (LPTB) or London Transport was created. Transport for London (TfL), is now the statutory corporation responsible for most aspects of the transport system in Greater London, and is run by a board and a commissioner appointed by the Mayor of London.^[176]

Air [link]

Heathrow (terminal 5 pictured) is the busiest airport in the world for international traffic.^[19]^[177]

London is a major international air transport hub with the largest city airspace in the world. Eight airports use the word London in their name, but most traffic passes through six of these. London Heathrow Airport, in Hillingdon, West London, is the busiest airport in the world for international traffic, and is the major hub of the nation's flag carrier, British Airways.^[178] In March 2008 its fifth terminal was opened.^[179] There were plans for a third runway and a sixth terminal however these were cancelled by the Coalition Government on 12 May 2010.^[180] In September 2011 a personal rapid transit system was opened at Heathrow to connect to a nearby car park.^[181]

Similar traffic, with the addition of some low-cost short-haul flights, is also handled at Gatwick Airport, located south of London in West Sussex.^[182]

Stansted Airport, situated north east of London in Essex, is the main UK hub for Ryanair and Luton Airport to the north of London in Bedfordshire, caters mostly for low-cost short-haul flights.^[183]^[184] London City Airport, the smallest and most central airport, is focused on business travellers, with a mixture of full service short-haul scheduled flights and considerable business jet traffic.^[185]

London Southend Airport, east of London in Essex, is a smaller, regional airport that mainly caters for low-cost short-haul flights. It recently went through a large redevelopment project including a brand new terminal, extended runway and a new railway station offering fast links into the capital. EasyJet currently have a base at the airport.

Buses and trams [link]

File:Routemaster bus alongside new bus.jpg

The red double-decker bus is an iconic symbol of London

London's bus network is one of the largest in the world, running 24 hours a day, with 8,000 buses, 700 bus routes, and over 6 million passenger journeys made every weekday. In 2003, the network had an estimated 1.5 billion commuter trips per annum, more than the Underground.^[186] Around £850 million is taken in revenue each year. London has the largest wheelchair accessible network in the world^[187] and, from the 3rd quarter of 2007, became more accessible to hearing and visually impaired passengers as audio-visual announcements were introduced. The distinctive red double-decker buses are internationally recognised, and are a trademark of London transport along with black cabs and the Tube.^[188]^[189]

London has a modern tram network, known as Tramlink, based in Croydon in South London. The network has 39 stops, three routes and carried 26.5 million people in 2008. Since June 2008 Transport for London has completely owned Tramlink and plans to spend £54m by 2015 on maintenance, renewals, upgrades and capacity enhancements. Since April 2009 all trams have been refurbished.^[190]

Cycling [link]

Cycling in London has enjoyed a renaissance since the turn of the Millennium. Cyclists enjoy a cheaper, and often quicker, way around town than those by public transport or car, and the launch of the Barclays Cycle Hire scheme in July 2010 has been successful and generally well received.

Port [link]

From being the largest port in the world, the Port of London is now only the second-largest in the United Kingdom, handling 45 million tonnes of cargo each year.^[166] Most of this actually passes through the Port of Tilbury, outside the boundary of Greater London.

Rail [link]

The London Underground is the world's oldest and second-longest rapid transit system

The London Underground — all of which is now commonly referred to as the Tube, though originally this designation referred only to the deep-level lines, as distinct from the sub-surface lines — is the oldest,^[31] and second longest^[32] metro system in the world, dating from 1863. The system serves 270 stations^[191] and was formed from several private companies, including the world's first underground electric line, the City and South London Railway.^[192]

Over three million journeys are made every day on the Underground network, over 1 billion each year.^[193] An investment programme is attempting to address congestion and reliability problems, including £7 billion (€10 billion) of improvements planned for the 2012 Summer Olympics.^[194] London has been commended as the city with the best public transport.^[195] The Docklands Light Railway, which opened in 1987, is a second, more local metro system using smaller and lighter tram-type vehicles which serve Docklands and Greenwich.

There is an extensive above-ground suburban railway network, particularly in South London, which has fewer Underground lines. London houses Britain's busiest station – Waterloo with over 184 million people using the interchange station complex (which includes Waterloo East station) each year. The stations have services to South East and South West London, and also parts of South East and South West England.^[196]^[197] Most rail lines terminate around the centre of London, running into eighteen terminal stations with the exception of the Thameslink trains connecting Bedford in the north and Brighton in the south via Luton and Gatwick airports.^[198]

Since 2007 high-speed Eurostar trains link St. Pancras International with Lille, Paris, and Brussels. Journey times to Paris and Brussels of two-and-a-quarter hours and one hour 50 minutes respectively make London closer to continental Europe than the rest of Britain by virtue of the High Speed 1 rail link to the Channel Tunnel^[199] while the first high speed domestic trains started in June 2009 linking Kent to London.^[200]

Roads [link]

The A102, near Greenwich. This was one of the only routes proposed in the Ringways Plan within Inner London to be built.

Although the majority of journeys involving central London are made by public transport, car travel is common in the suburbs. The inner ring road (around the city centre), the North and South Circular roads (in the suburbs), and the outer orbital motorway (the M25, outside the built-up area) encircle the city and are intersected by a number of busy radial routes—but very few motorways penetrate into inner London. The M25 is the longest ring-road motorway in the world at 195.5 km (121.5 mi) long.^[201] The A1 and M1 connect London to Edinburgh, Leeds and Newcastle.

A plan for a comprehensive network of motorways throughout the city (the Ringways Plan) was prepared in the 1960s but was mostly cancelled in the early 1970s. In 2003, a congestion charge was introduced to reduce traffic volumes in the city centre. With a few exceptions, motorists are required to pay £10 per day to drive within a defined zone encompassing much of congested central London.^[202]^[203] Motorists who are residents of the defined zone can buy a vastly reduced season pass which is renewed monthly and is cheaper than a corresponding bus fare.^[204] London is notorious for its traffic congestion, with the M25 motorway the busiest stretch in the country. The average speed of a car in the rush hour is 10.6 mph (17.1 km/h).^[205] London government initially anticipated the Congestion Charge Zone to increase daily peak period Underground and bus users by 20,000 people, reduce traffic by 10 to 15 percent, increase traffic speeds by 10 to 15 percent, and reduce queues by 20 to 30 percent.^[206] Over the course of several years, the average number of cars entering the centre of London on a weekday was reduced from 195,000 to 125,000 cars – this is a 35-percent reduction of vehicles driven per day.^[207]

Education [link]

Main article: Education in London

Tertiary education [link]

University College London is part of the University of London

London is a major centre of higher education teaching and research and its 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education in Europe.^[20] In 2008/09 it had a higher education student population of around 412,000 (approximately 17 per cent of the UK total), of whom around 287,000 were registered for undergraduate degrees and 118,000 were studying at postgraduate level.^[208] In 2008/09 there were around 97,150 international students in London, approximately 25 per cent of all international students in the UK.^[208]

A number of world-leading education institutions are based in London. In the 2011 QS World University Rankings Imperial College London is ranked 6th, University College London (UCL) 7th and King's College London 27th in the world.^[209] The London School of Economics has been described as the world's leading social science institution for both teaching and research.^[210] The London Business School is considered one of the world's leading business schools and in 2010 its MBA programme was ranked best in the world by the Financial Times.^[211]

With 125,000 students, the federal University of London is the largest contact teaching university in Europe.^[212] It includes four large multi-faculty universities – King's College London, Queen Mary, Royal Holloway and UCL – and a number of smaller and more specialised institutions including Birkbeck, the Courtauld Institute of Art, Goldsmiths, Guildhall School of Music and Drama, the Institute of Education, the London Business School, the London School of Economics, the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, the Royal Academy of Music, the Central School of Speech and Drama, the Royal Veterinary College and the School of Oriental and African Studies.^[213] Members of the University of London have their own admissions procedures, and some award their own degrees.

There are a number of universities in London which are outside of the University of London system, including Brunel University, City University London, Imperial College London, Kingston University, London Metropolitan University (with over 34,000 students, the largest unitary university in London),^[214] London South Bank University, Middlesex University, University of the Arts London (the largest university of art, design, fashion, communication and the performing arts in Europe),^[215] University of East London, the University of West London and the University of Westminster. In addition there are three international universities in London – Regent's College, Richmond University and Schiller International University.

The front façade of the Royal College of Music

London is home to five major medical schools – Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (part of Queen Mary), King's College London School of Medicine (the largest medical school in Europe), Imperial College School of Medicine, UCL Medical School and St George's, University of London – and has a large number of affiliated teaching hospitals. It is also a major centre for biomedical research, and three of the UK's five academic health science centres are based in the city – Imperial College Healthcare, King's Health Partners and UCL Partners (the largest such centre in Europe).^[216] There are a number of business schools in London, including Cass Business School (part of City University London), ESCP Europe, European Business School London, Imperial College Business School and the London Business School. London is also home to many specialist arts education institutions, including the Academy of Live and Recorded Arts, the London Contemporary Dance School, RADA, the Royal College of Art, the Royal College of Music and Trinity Laban.

Primary and secondary education [link]

The majority of primary and secondary schools in London are state schools and are controlled by the London boroughs, although there are also a number of private schools in London, including old and famous schools such as the City of London School, Harrow, St Paul's School, University College School, Highgate School and Westminster School.

Culture [link]

Main article: Culture of London

Accent [link]

The London accent long ago acquired the Cockney label, and was similar to many accents of the South East of England. The accent of a 21st century 'Londoner' varies widely; what is becoming more and more common amongst the under 30s however is some fusion of Cockney, Received Pronunciation, and a whole array of 'ethnic' accents, in particular Caribbean, which form an accent labelled Multicultural London English (MLE).^[217]

Leisure and entertainment [link]

Piccadilly Circus

Within the City of Westminster, the entertainment district of the West End has its focus around Leicester Square, where London and world film premieres are held, and Piccadilly Circus, with its giant electronic advertisements.^[218] London's theatre district is here, as are many cinemas, bars, clubs and restaurants, including the city's Chinatown district (in Soho), and just to the east is Covent Garden, an area housing speciality shops. The United Kingdom's Royal Ballet, English National Ballet, Royal Opera and English National Opera are based in London and perform at the Royal Opera House, the London Coliseum, Sadler's Wells Theatre and the Royal Albert Hall as well as touring the country.^[219]

Harrods in Knightsbridge

Islington's 1 mile (1.6 km) long Upper Street, extending northwards from the Angel, has more bars and restaurants than any other street in the United Kingdom.^[220] Europe's busiest shopping area is Oxford Street, a shopping street nearly 1 mile (1.6 km) long, making it the longest shopping street in the United Kingdom. Oxford Street is home to vast numbers of retailers and department stores, including the world-famous Selfridges flagship store.^[221] Knightsbridge, home to the equally renowned Harrods department store, lies to the southwest.

London is home to designers Vivienne Westwood, Galliano, Stella McCartney, Manolo Blahnik, and Jimmy Choo among others; its renowned art and fashion schools make it an international centre of fashion alongside Paris, Milan and New York. London offers a great variety of cuisine as a result of its ethnically diverse population. Gastronomic centres include the Bangladeshi restaurants of Brick Lane and the Chinese food restaurants of Chinatown.^[222]

There is a variety of annual events, beginning with the relatively new New Year's Day Parade, fireworks display at the London Eye, the world's second largest street party, the Notting Hill Carnival is held during the late August Bank Holiday each year. Traditional parades include November's Lord Mayor's Show, a centuries-old event celebrating the annual appointment of a new Lord Mayor of the City of London with a procession along the streets of the City, and June's Trooping the Colour, a formal military pageant performed by regiments of the Commonwealth and British armies to celebrate the Queen's Official Birthday.^[223]

Literature, film and television [link]

Main articles: London in fiction, London in film, List of films set in London, List of television shows set in London, and London Television Archive

Keats House, where Keats wrote his Ode to a Nightingale. The village of Hampstead has historically been a literary centre in London.

London has been the setting for many works of literature. The literary centres of London have traditionally been hilly Hampstead and (since the early 20th century) Bloomsbury. Writers closely associated with the city are the diarist Samuel Pepys, noted for his eyewitness account of the Great Fire, Charles Dickens, whose representation of a foggy, snowy, grimy London of street sweepers and pickpockets has been a major influence on people's vision of early Victorian London, and Virginia Woolf, regarded as one of the foremost modernist literary figures of the 20th century.^[224]

The pilgrims in Geoffrey Chaucer's late 14th-century Canterbury Tales set out for Canterbury from London – specifically, from the Tabard inn, Southwark. William Shakespeare spent a large part of his life living and working in London; his contemporary Ben Jonson was also based there, and some of his work—most notably his play The Alchemist—was set in the city.^[224] A Journal of the Plague Year (1722) by Daniel Defoe is a fictionalisation of the events of the 1665 Great Plague.^[224] Later important depictions of London from the 19th and early 20th centuries are Dickens' novels, and Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes stories.^[224] Modern writers pervasively influenced by the city include Peter Ackroyd, author of a "biography" of London, and Iain Sinclair, who writes in the genre of psychogeography.

London was the setting for the films Oliver Twist (1948), Peter Pan (1953), The Ladykillers (1955), The 101 Dalmatians (1961), Mary Poppins (1964), Blowup (1966), The Long Good Friday (1980), Secrets & Lies (1996), Notting Hill (1999), Match Point (2005), V For Vendetta (2005) and Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber Of Fleet Street (2008). The television soap opera EastEnders, first broadcast in 1985, is also set in the city. London has played a significant role in the film industry, and has major studios at Ealing and a special effects and post-production community centred in Soho. Working Title Films has its headquarters in London.^[225]

Museums and art galleries [link]

The British Museum

London is home to many museums, galleries, and other institutions, many of which are free of admission charges and are major tourist attractions as well as playing a research role. The first of these to be established was the British Museum in Bloomsbury, in 1753. Originally containing antiquities, natural history specimens and the national library, the museum now has 7 million artefacts from around the globe. In 1824 the National Gallery was founded to house the British national collection of Western paintings; this now occupies a prominent position in Trafalgar Square. In the latter half of the nineteenth century the locale of South Kensington was developed as "Albertopolis", a cultural and scientific quarter. Three major national museums are located there: the Victoria and Albert Museum (for the applied arts), the Natural History Museum and the Science Museum. The national gallery of British art is at Tate Britain, originally established as an annexe of the National Gallery in 1897. The Tate Gallery, as it was formerly known, also became a major centre for modern art; in 2000 this collection moved to Tate Modern, a new gallery housed in the former Bankside Power Station.

Music [link]

The Royal Albert Hall hosts concerts and musical events

London is one of the major classical and popular music capitals of the world and is home to major music corporations, such as EMI, as well as countless bands, musicians and industry professionals. The city is also home to many orchestras and concert halls, such as the Barbican Arts Centre (principal base of the London Symphony Orchestra), Cadogan Hall (Royal Philharmonic Orchestra) and the Royal Albert Hall (The Proms).^[219] London's two main opera houses are the Royal Opera House and the Coliseum Theatre.^[219] The UK's largest pipe organ can be found at the Royal Albert Hall. Other significant instruments are found at the cathedrals and major churches. Several conservatoires are located within the city: Royal Academy of Music, Royal College of Music, Guildhall School of Music and Drama and Trinity College of Music.

The O₂ Arena

London has numerous venues for rock and pop concerts, including large arenas such as Earls Court, Wembley Arena and the O₂ Arena, as well as many mid-sized venues, such as Brixton Academy, the Hammersmith Apollo and the Shepherd's Bush Empire.^[219] Several music festivals, including the Wireless Festival, are held in London. The city is home to the first and original Hard Rock Cafe and the Abbey Road Studios where The Beatles recorded many of their hits. In the 1970s and 1980s, musicians and groups like Elton John, David Bowie, Queen, Elvis Costello, Cat Stevens, Ian Dury and the Blockheads, The Kinks, The Rolling Stones, The Who, Madness, The Jam, The Small Faces, Led Zeppelin, Iron Maiden, Fleetwood Mac, The Police, The Cure, Squeeze and Sade, took the world by storm, deriving their sound from the streets and rhythms vibrating through London.^[226]

London was instrumental in the development of punk music,^[227] with figures such as the Sex Pistols, The Clash,^[226] and Vivienne Westwood all based in the city. More recent artists to emerge from the London music scene include Bananarama, Wham!, The Escape Club, Bush, East 17, Siouxsie and the Banshees, the Spice Girls, Jamiroquai,Blur, Supergrass, The Libertines, Babyshambles, Bloc Party, Amy Winehouse, Adele, Coldplay, and George Michael.^[228] London is also a centre for urban music. In particular the genres UK garage, drum and bass, dubstep and grime evolved in the city from the foreign genres of hip hop and reggae, alongside local drum and bass. Black music station BBC 1Xtra was set up to support the rise of home-grown urban music both in London and the rest of the UK.

Sports [link]

Main article: Sport in London

Centre Court at the All England Club hosting a 2010 Wimbledon Championships match

London has hosted the Summer Olympics twice, in 1908 and 1948.^[229]^[230] In July 2005 London was chosen to host the Olympic and Paralympic Games in 2012, which will make it the first city in the world to host the Summer Olympics three times.^[21] London was also the host of the British Empire Games in 1934.^[231] London will host the 2017 World Championships in Athletics.^[232] London's most popular sport is football and it has fourteen League football clubs, including five in the Premier League: Arsenal, Chelsea, Fulham, Queens Park Rangers and Tottenham Hotspur.^[233]

London also has four rugby union teams in the Aviva Premiership (London Irish, Saracens, Wasps and Harlequins), although only the Harlequins play in London (all the other three now play outside Greater London, although Saracens still play within the M25).^[234] The other two professional rugby union teams in the city are second division clubs London Welsh and London Scottish, that play home matches in the city. The city has other very traditional rugby union clubs, famously Richmond F.C., Rosslyn Park F.C., Westcombe Park R.F.C. and Blackheath F.C..

Wembley Stadium viewed from Wembley Way

There are currently three professional rugby league clubs in London – London Broncos who play in the European Super League at The Stoop and the Championship One side the London Skolars (based in Wood Green, London Borough of Haringey) Hemel Stags based in Hemel Hempstead, north of London will play in the Championship One from 2013.

From 1924, the original Wembley Stadium was the home of the English national football team, and served as the venue for the FA Cup final as well as rugby league's Challenge Cup final.^[235] The new Wembley Stadium serves exactly the same purposes and has a capacity of 90,000.^[236] Twickenham Stadium in south-west London is the national rugby union stadium, and has a capacity of 84,000 now that the new south stand has been completed.^[237]

Cricket in London is served by two Test cricket grounds Lord's (home of Middlesex C.C.C.) in St John's Wood^[238] and the Oval (home of Surrey C.C.C.) in Kennington.^[239] Lord's has hosted four finals of the Cricket World Cup. One of London's best-known annual sports competitions is the Wimbledon Tennis Championships, held at the All England Club in the south-western suburb of Wimbledon.^[240] Other key events are the annual mass-participation London Marathon which sees some 35,000 runners attempt a 26.2 miles (42.2 km) course around the city,^[241] and the Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race on the River Thames between Putney and Mortlake.^[242]

Twin cities [link]

Main article: List of towns and cities twinned with London

There are 46 other places on six continents named after London.^[243] As well as London's twinning, the London boroughs have twinnings with parts of other cities across the world. The Greater London Authority has twinning arrangements with:

Bogotá, Colombia
La Paz, Bolivia
Arequipa, Peru
Berlin, Germany^[244]
Delhi, India^[245]
Johannesburg, South Africa^[246]
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Kuwait City, Kuwait
Moscow, Russia^[244]
New York City, United States^[247]
Oslo, Norway
Sylhet, Bangladesh
Shanghai, China^[248]
Seoul, South Korea
Tehran, Iran

The following cities have a friendship agreement with London:

Algiers, Algeria
Baku, Azerbaijan
Beijing, China^[249]
Bucharest, Romania
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Delhi, India^[245]
Dhaka, Bangladesh^[250]
Istanbul, Turkey
Los Angeles, United States^[251]
Mumbai, India
Paris, France^[252]
Podgorica, Montenegro
Rome, Italy
Sofia, Bulgaria
Tokyo, Japan
Zagreb, Croatia

Notes [link]

^ According to the European Statistical Agency, London is the largest Larger Urban Zone which uses conurbations and areas of high population as its definition. A ranking of population within municipal boundaries places London first. However, the University of Avignon in France claims that Paris is first and London second when including the whole urban area and hinterland, that is the outlying cities as well.
^ See also: Independent city#National capitals.
^ According to the Collins English Dictionary definition of 'the seat of government',^[95] London is not the capital of England, as England does not have its own government. According to the Oxford English Reference Dictionary definition of 'the most important town'^[96] and many other authorities.^[97]

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Bibliography [link]

Ackroyd, Peter (2001). London: The Biography. London: Vintage. p. 880. ISBN 978-0-09-942258-7.
Mills, David (2001). Dictionary of London Place Names. Oxford Paperbacks. ISBN 978-0-19-280106-7. OCLC 45406491.

External links [link]

Find more about London on Wikipedia's sister projects:
	Definitions and translations from Wiktionary
	Images and media from Commons
	Learning resources from Wikiversity
	News stories from Wikinews
	Quotations from Wikiquote
	Source texts from Wikisource
	Textbooks from Wikibooks

British Pathé Digitalised archive containing hundreds of films of 20th century London
London in British History Online, with links to numerous authoritative online sources
VisitLondon.com – Official London site
Museum of London Group Portal – Home
Transport for London (TfL) – city transport authority
Map of Early Modern London Historical Map & Encyclopaedia of Shakespeare's London. Scholarly
London.gov.uk – Official site for the government of London by the Greater London Authority covering the Office of Mayor of London and the London Assembly
Geographic data related to London at OpenStreetMap
The London Wiki, an external wiki

v t e Boroughs and districts of London

Boroughs	Barking and Dagenham List of districts Barnet List of districts Bexley List of districts Brent List of districts Bromley List of districts Camden List of districts Croydon List of districts Ealing List of districts Enfield List of districts Greenwich List of districts Hackney List of districts Hammersmith and Fulham List of districts Haringey List of districts Harrow List of districts Havering List of districts Hillingdon List of districts Hounslow List of districts Islington List of districts Kensington and Chelsea List of districts Kingston upon Thames List of districts Lambeth List of districts Lewisham List of districts Merton List of districts Newham List of districts Redbridge List of districts Richmond upon Thames List of districts Southwark List of districts Sutton List of districts Tower Hamlets List of districts Waltham Forest List of districts Wandsworth List of districts Westminster List of districts

Major districts	Abbey Wood Acton Barking Barnes Barnet Barnsbury Battersea Beckenham Bermondsey Bethnal Green Bexleyheath Bloomsbury Bow Brentford Brixton Brockley Bromley Camberwell Camden Town Canonbury Carshalton Catford Charlton Chelsea Chessington Chingford Chislehurst Chiswick City Clapham Clerkenwell Cricklewood Coulsdon Croydon Dagenham Deptford Ealing East Ham Edmonton Eltham Enfield Town Erith Feltham Finchley Forest Hill Forest Gate Fulham Greenwich Hackney Hammersmith Hampstead Harrow Hendon Highams Park Highbury Highgate Hillingdon Holborn Hook Holloway Hornchurch Hounslow Ilford Isle of Dogs Isleworth Islington Kensington Kentish Town Kensal Green Kilburn Kingston upon Thames Lambeth Lewisham Leyton Marylebone Mayfair Mitcham Morden Muswell Hill New Cross New Malden Orpington Paddington Peckham Penge Pinner Poplar Purley Putney Richmond Romford Ruislip Shepherd's Bush Shoreditch Sidcup Soho Southall Southgate South Norwood Southwark Stepney Stoke Newington Stratford Streatham Surbiton Sutton Sydenham Teddington Thamesmead Tolworth Tooting Tottenham Twickenham Upminster Upper Clapton Uxbridge Walthamstow Wandsworth Wanstead Wapping Wealdstone Welling Wembley West Ham Westminster West Norwood Whitechapel Willesden Wimbledon Wood Green Woodford Woolwich

v t e History of London

Evolution	Londinium Lundenwic City of London City of Westminster Middlesex County of London Greater London

Periods	Roman London Anglo-Saxon London Norman and Medieval London Tudor London Stuart London 18th century London 19th century London 1900–1939 The Blitz 1945–2000 21st century

Events	Peasants' Revolt Black Death Great Plague Great Fire 1854 cholera outbreak Great Stink Great Exhibition 1908 Franco-British Exhibition The Battle of Cable Street Festival of Britain Great Smog Swinging London London Plan 7/7 bombings Olympic Games (1908 1948 2012)

Government	Metropolitan Board of Works London County Council Greater London Council Greater London Authority London Assembly Mayor of London

Services	Bow Street Runners Metropolitan Police Service London Ambulance Service London Fire Brigade Port of London Authority London sewerage system London Underground

City of London	City of London Corporation Lord Mayor of the City of London Wards of the City of London Guildhall Livery Companies Lord Mayor's Show City of London Police Bank of England

Structures	St Paul's Cathedral Tower of London Palace of Whitehall Westminster Hall London Bridge Tower Bridge Westminster Abbey Big Ben The Monument Fortifications

Category Commons

v t e Governance of Greater London

City of London London

Regional	Greater London Authority London Assembly Mayor of London London Development Agency Transport for London Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority London Councils

London boroughs	Barking and Dagenham Barnet Bexley Brent Bromley Camden Croydon Ealing Enfield Greenwich Hackney Hammersmith and Fulham Haringey Harrow Havering Hillingdon Hounslow Islington Kensington and Chelsea Kingston upon Thames Lambeth Lewisham Merton Newham Redbridge Richmond upon Thames Southwark Sutton Tower Hamlets Waltham Forest Wandsworth Westminster

Ceremonial	Lord Mayor of the City of London Lord Lieutenant of Greater London

Historical	Metropolitan Board of Works (MBW) 1855–1889 London County Council (LCC) 1889–1965 Greater London Council (GLC) 1965–1986 Leaders

Transport in London

Companies and
organisations

Transport for London	Buses Coaches Cycle Hire Dial-a-Ride Docklands Light Railway London Overground London Rail London Underground River Source London Streets Taxis Tramlink Under construction: Crossrail

Bus operators	Abellio Arriva East Herts & Essex Arriva London Arriva Southern Counties CT Plus First London Go-Ahead London London Sovereign London United Metrobus Metroline Quality Line Stagecoach London Uno

Train operators	c2c Chiltern Railways East Coast East Midlands Trains Eurostar First Capital Connect First Great Western First Hull Trains First ScotRail (Sleeper) Gatwick Express Grand Central Greater Anglia Heathrow Connect Heathrow Express London Midland London Overground South West Trains Southeastern Southern Stansted Express Virgin Trains

Other	BAA Global Infrastructure Partners

Airports

Main	City Gatwick Heathrow Luton Stansted Proposed: Thames Estuary

Other	Lydd Airport Oxford Airport Southend Private: Biggin Hill Damyns Hall Military: Northolt

Major stations

Central area	Bank/Monument Blackfriars Cannon Street Charing Cross City Thameslink Euston Farringdon Fenchurch Street King's Cross Liverpool Street London Bridge Marylebone Moorgate Oxford Circus Paddington St Pancras International Vauxhall Victoria Waterloo Waterloo East

Other	Clapham Junction East Croydon Heathrow Stations Stratford Surbiton Wimbledon

Roads

Motorways	M1 M3 M4 M11 M20 M23 M25 London Orbital M40

Ring roads	London Inner Ring Road London Ringways North Circular Road South Circular Road

Charging	Dartford Crossing London congestion charge London low emission zone

Olympic Transport

Southeastern Olympic Javelin
Under construction: Emirates Air Line (cable car)

Ticketing

London landmarks

Buildings and
structures

Bridges

Entertainment
venues

Cinemas	Empire, Leicester Square London IMAX Odeon Leicester Square

Sports venues	All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club Emirates Stadium Lord's Cricket Ground Olympic Stadium The Oval Stamford Bridge Twickenham Stadium Wembley Stadium White Hart Lane

Theatres	Coliseum Theatre Haymarket Theatre National Theatre Royal Opera House Shakespeare's Globe

Other	Hammersmith Apollo O2 Arena Royal Albert Hall Royal Festival Hall Wembley Arena

Government

Museums and
galleries

Places of worship

Retailing

Shops	Fortnum & Mason Hamleys Harrods Liberty Peter Jones Selfridges

Shopping centres and markets	Borough Market Brent Cross Burlington Arcade Leadenhall Market One New Change Westfield London Westfield Stratford City

Royal buildings

Skyscrapers

Structures

Transport

Other

Parks

Royal Parks	Bushy Park Green Park Greenwich Park Hyde Park Kensington Gardens Regent's Park Richmond Park St. James's Park

Other	Battersea Park Burgess Park Clapham Common Epping Forest Hampstead Heath Finsbury Park Holland Park Mitcham Common Trent Park Victoria Park Wandsworth Common Wimbledon Common

Squares and
public spaces

Streets

Buildings and structures under construction shown in italics

Universities and colleges in London

Education in London

Universities

University of London	Birkbeck · Central School of Speech and Drama · Courtauld Institute of Art · Goldsmiths · Heythrop College · Institute of Cancer Research · Institute of Education · King's College London · London Business School · London School of Economics · London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine · Queen Mary · Royal Academy of Music · Royal Holloway · Royal Veterinary College · St George's · School of Oriental and African Studies · University College London Central Bodies: School of Advanced Study · University of London Institute in Paris · University Marine Biological Station, Millport

Other	University of the Arts London · Brunel University · City University London · University of East London · University of Greenwich · Kingston University · Imperial College London · London Metropolitan University · London South Bank University · Middlesex University · Roehampton University · Royal College of Art · University of Westminster · University of West London

University colleges

BPP University College of Professional Studies · St. Mary's

Other university level colleges

London School of Journalism · New College of the Humanities · Regent's College

Further Education colleges

Barking & Dagenham · Barnet · Bexley · Bromley · Capel Manor · Carshalton · City & Islington · City Lit · City of Westminster · Croydon · Ealing, Hammersmith & West London · Greenwich · Hackney · Haringey, Enfield & North East London · Harrow · Havering · Hillcroft · Kensington & Chelsea · Kingston · Lambeth · Lewisham · Marine Society · Mary Ward · Morley · Newham · North West London · Orpington · Redbridge · Richmond Adult · Richmond upon Thames · South Thames · Southgate · Southwark · Stanmore · Tower Hamlets · Uxbridge · Waltham Forest · West Thames · Westminster Kingsway · Working Men's

Sixth form colleges

BSix · Christ the King · Crossways · Coulsdon · Havering · John Ruskin · Lansdowne College · La Swap · Leyton · Newham · St Charles · St Dominic's · St Francis Xavier · Sir George Monoux · Woodhouse · Valentines · Seven Kings

List

v t e London commuter belt

Home Counties	Bedfordshire Berkshire Buckinghamshire Cambridgeshire City of London Dorset Essex Greater London Hampshire Hertfordshire Kent Middlesex Oxfordshire Surrey Sussex

Urban Areas	Greater London Urban Area Reading/Wokingham Urban Area Southend Urban Area Aldershot Urban Area Luton/Dunstable Urban Area High Wycombe Urban Area Medway Towns Urban Area Aylesbury Urban Area

London boroughs	Barking and Dagenham Barnet Bexley Brent Bromley Camden Croydon Ealing Enfield Greenwich Hackney Hammersmith and Fulham Haringey Harrow Havering Hillingdon Hounslow Islington Kensington and Chelsea Kingston upon Thames Lambeth Lewisham Merton Newham Redbridge Richmond upon Thames Southwark Sutton Tower Hamlets Waltham Forest Wandsworth Westminster

Cities and towns (100k+)	Chelmsford Crawley High Wycombe London Luton Reading Slough Southend-on-Sea

Towns (25k-99k)	Aldershot Ashford, Surrey Aylesbury Basildon Basingstoke Billericay Bishop's Stortford Borehamwood Bracknell Brentwood Burgess Hill Camberley Canvey Chatham Cheshunt Dartford Epsom Ewell Dunstable Earley Farnborough Farnham Fleet Gillingham Guildford Gravesend Grays Harlow Harpenden Hatfield Hemel Hempstead Horsham Hitchin Letchworth Loughton Maidenhead Maidstone Rayleigh, Essex Redhill Rochester Royal Tunbridge Wells Sittingbourne St Albans Stevenage Strood Sunbury-on-Thames Tonbridge Ware Watford Welwyn Garden City Wickford Windsor Woking Wokingham Woodley

Towns (10k-25k)	Addlestone Amersham Ashtead Beaconsfield Berkhamsted Broxbourne Buckhurst Hill Bushey Chertsey Chesham Chigwell Croxley Green Dorking East Grinstead East Malling Englefield Green Epping Godalming Hadleigh Haywards Heath Hertford Hoddesdon Horley Houghton Regis Knaphill Marlow Potters Bar Reigate Rickmansworth Sandhurst Sevenoaks Snodland Shepperton Southborough, Kent Staines-upon-Thames Stanwell Swanley Thundersley Tilbury Tring Waltham Abbey Waltham Cross

Capitals of European states and territories

Capitals of non-sovereign territories or constituent nations shown in SmallCaps

Western	Northern	Central	Southern	Eastern

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² Entirely in Southwest Asia but having socio-political connections with Europe.
³ Partially recognised country.
⁴ Crown Dependency or Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom.
⁵ Also the seat of the European Union, see Location of European Union institutions and Brussels and the European Union.
⁶ Also the capital of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

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World's fifty most-populous urban areas

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Nappy Roots
Origin	Bowling Green, Kentucky
Genres	Hip hop
Years active	1995 – present
Labels	Atlantic Nappy Roots Entertainment Group Fontana Distribution AVJ Records
Website	NappyRoots.com
Members
Skinny DeVille B. Stille Ron Clutch Big V Fish Scales
Past members
R. Prophet

Nappy Roots is an American alternative Southern rap quintet that originated in Bowling Green, Kentucky in 1995, and is best known for their hit singles "Po' Folks", "Awnaw", "Roun' The Globe" and "Good Day". They were the best selling hip hop group of 2002.^[1]

The group consists of Milledgeville, Georgia native Fish Scales and Kentucky natives Skinny DeVille, B. Stille, Ron Clutch, and Big V(who officially left the group to pursue a solo career on May 22, 2012). Oakland, California native R. Prophet has recently left the group to pursue a solo career.^[2]

1 Biography
2 Singles
3 Discography
4 Awards and nominations
- 4.1 2002
- 4.2 2003
5 Notes
6 External links

Biography [link]

Nappy Roots' debut independent album Country Fried Cess was released in 1999, which led to the group being signed by Atlantic Records. Their first album on Atlantic Records was 2002's best selling hip-hop album, "Watermelon, Chicken & Gritz". The multi-platinum album featured the hit-singles "Headz Up", "Awnaw", and "Po' Folks". The "Awnaw (Remix)" featuring Marcos of P.O.D. appeared on Madden 2003. In their home state, Paul E. Patton the governor of Kentucky, sanctioned September 16 as "Nappy Roots Day".^[3]

Their next and last album with Atlantic Records was Wooden Leather, released in 2003, featuring the singles "Roun' the Globe" which was featured on Madden 2004 and "Sick and Tired" (featuring Anthony Hamilton). This critically acclaimed, major label follow up album, "Wooden Leather" featured production from Kanye West, David Banner and Lil Jon. In 2004 they were also featured on three songs for the movie soundtrack to The Ladykillers starring Tom Hanks that was released on Sony Music.^[4]

Since the release of Wooden Leather they are back to being independent artists, and have started their own label, N.R.E.G (Nappy Roots Entertainment Group) with distribution through Fontana/Universal Music Group. On July 31, 2007, they released their first album as independent artists, Innerstate Music featuring singles "Good Day" and "Keep It Real". This was actually an internet album, similar to a modern day mixtape. It was intended to be a precursor to their 2008 album, The Humdinger which was released on August 5, 2008.^[5]

In 2008 Nappy Roots returned to the spotlight with an internet campaign targeting the mega-popular hip-hop sites such as AllHipHop.com, HiphopDX, SOHH, 2dopeboyz, Dubcnn, XXL Mag and BallerStatus, etc.^[6] The critically acclaimed album, The Humdinger features guest appearances from Anthony Hamilton, Greg Nice, Greg Street and Slick & Rose, with production from Sol Messiah, James "Groove" Chambers, Big Al, Joe Hop and more. The Humdinger entered the Billboard Rap Charts at #7 and R&B/Hip-Hop Albums at #13.

In 2009 the single "We're Gonna Make it" by Skinny and Scales was released through Nappy Roots Entertainment Group.^[7]

Nappy Roots kicked off 2010 with their highly anticipated new album, "The Pursuit of Nappyness", released June 15, 2010. The album features songs by a production duo from Atlanta, GA by the name of Phivestarr Productions.^[8]

In 2011, Nappy has teamed up with legendary hip hop producers Organized Noize to create "Nappy Dot Org". The first single "Congratulations" made its way into cyberspace on July 13, 2011 by way of XXL Magazine and 2DopeBoyz.

On October 11, 2011 Nappy Roots released their new album "Nappy Dot Org" that was entirely produced by Organized Noize.

Singles [link]

Year	Song	Chart positions^[9]				Album
Year	Song	U.S. Hot 100	R&B/Hip-Hop	U.S. Rap	Pop Songs	Album
2002	"Awnaw" (featuring Jazze Pha)	51	18	15	—	Watermelon, Chicken & Gritz
	"Po' Folks" (featuring Anthony Hamilton)	21	13	10	25
	"Headz Up"	—	88	—	—
2003	"Roun' The Globe"	96	53	25	—	Wooden Leather
2008	"Good Day"	—	80	—	—	The Humdinger
2010	"Ride"	—	—	—	—	The Pursuit of Nappyness
2011	"Congratulations"	—	—	—	—	Nappy Dot Org

Discography [link]

Albums [link]

Album information
Watermelon, Chicken & Gritz RIAA Certification: Platinum Released: February 26, 2002 Billboard 200 chart position: #24 R&B/Hip-Hop chart position: #3 Singles: "Awnaw", "Po' Folks", "Headz Up"
Wooden Leather RIAA Certification: Gold Released: August 26, 2003 Billboard 200 chart position: #12 R&B/Hip-Hop chart position: #9 Singles: "Roun' the Globe", "Sick and Tired"
The Humdinger Release: August 5, 2008 Billboard 200 chart position: #73 R&B/Hip-Hop chart position: #13 Rap chart position: #7 Top Independent Albums: #11 Singles: "Good Day", "Down & Out"
The Pursuit of Nappyness Release: June 15, 2010 Billboard 200 chart position: - R&B/Hip-Hop chart position: 40 Rap chart position: 21 Top Independent Albums: 48 Singles: "Ride", "Be Alright", "Back Home"
Nappy Dot Org (with Organized Noize) Release: October 11, 2011 Billboard 200 chart position: - R&B/Hip-Hop chart position: - Rap chart position: - Top Independent Albums: - Singles: "Congratulations", "Hey Love"

Featured Tracks [link]

Song	Artist	Album	Year
"Bluegrass Stain'd"	Mark Ronson	Here Comes The Fuzz	2003
"K.K.K.Y-Remix"	Cunninlynguists	Strange Journey Volume One	2009
"The Man In Me"	Chase Bean	Revelry	2010
"Anti-Depression" & "Good Die Young"	Jacob Izrael	The Glitch 2.0	2010
"Election Day"	Sabrina	Single	2011

Mixtapes [link]

Mixtape information
Country Fried Cess Release: 1998
No Comb No Brush No Fade No Perm Release: 2000
The Leak Release: 2005
Nappy Roots Music Presents - The Kentucky Kolonels Vol. 1 Release: 2006
90 In The Slow Lane Released: 2006
Innerstate Music Released: 2007
Cookout Muzik Released: 2008
Nappy University Released: 2010
Nappy University Vol. 2: Fall Semester Released: 2010

Awards and nominations [link]

2002 [link]

2002 MTV Video Music Award nomination for the MTV2 Award for "Awnaw" - shared nomination with Jazze Pha^[10]

2003 [link]

2003 American Music Award nominations for Favorite Band, Duo or Group - Hip-Hop/R&B and Favorite New Artist - Hip-Hop/R&B^[11]
2003 Grammy Award nominations for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration for "Po' Folks" - shared nomination with Anthony Hamilton and Best Long Form Music Video for "The World According to Nappy" - shared nomination with Gloria Gabriel, director; David Anthony ^[12]
2003 Soul Train Award nomination for Best R&B/Soul or Rap New Artist for "Awnaw"^[13]

Notes [link]

^ http://www.sohh.com/2011/09/its_from_a_man_tellin_his_story_about_a.html
^ VelocityWeekly.com, A little wiser and more financially savvy, Nappy Roots takes its career into its own hands Retrieved on March 9, 2008
^ http://www.ballerstatus.com/2008/03/21/nappy-roots-the-pursuit-of-nappyness/
^ http://www.amazon.com/Ladykillers-Various-Artists/dp/B0001IN10W/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1327285832&sr=8-1
^ HipHopdx.com, Where Have The Nappy Roots Been? Retrieved on May 4, 2008
^ 2dopeboyz.com, [1] Retrieved on August 4, 2008
^ http://www.amazon.com/Were-Gonna-Make-It/dp/B001U82SSS/ref=sr_shvl_album_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1327286593&sr=301-1
^ http://2dopeboyz.com/2009/02/05/skinny-scales-nappy-roots-we-out-here/
^ Billboard.com - Artist Chart History - Nappy Roots. Billboard. Accessed June 14, 2010.
^ http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2002/mtvvmas.htm
^ http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2003/amas.htm
^ http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2003/grammys.htm
^ http://www.atlanticrecords.com/nappyroots/article/?article=15807

External links [link]

v t e Nappy Roots

Big V B. Stille Skinny DeVille Fish Scales Ron Clutch

Studio albums	Watermelon, Chicken & Gritz Wooden Leather The Humdinger The Pursuit of Nappyness

Singles	"Awnaw" "Po' Folks" "Headz Up" "Roun' The Globe" "Sick & Tired" "Good Day" "Down & Out"

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