- published: 28 Aug 2012
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- author: INSEADofficial
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- Ahmed Fahour
- Akzo Nobel
- Alan Tripp
- Alex Michel
- Alexander De Croo
- Alliance Boots
- Andreas Jacobs
- Andy Hornby
- Apax Partners
- Ariane de Bonvoisin
- Arthur D. Little
- Austin Ligon
- Australia Post
- Bain & Company
- Bain Capital
- Bank Mandiri
- Barry Callebaut
- Benjamin Netanyahu
- Bertelsmann
- Bill Browder
- Bill Clinton
- Bloomberg L.P.
- Bolivia
- Boston
- Boston Beer Company
- Brown University
- Bruce Buchanan
- Bruce Henderson
- Burt's Bees
- Carl Woebcken
- CarMax
- CEO
- Clayton Christensen
- Computacenter
- Consulting Magazine
- Cravath System
- CVS Caremark
- Delta Air Lines
- Delton AG
- EBay Eachnet Co Ltd
- Economies of scale
- Eddie Bauer
- Flybridge Capital
- Fortune (magazine)
- Gary M. Reiner
- General Electric
- George Barkley
- George David
- George W. Bush
- Gerald Corbett
- Growth-share matrix
- Hans Wijers
- Hans-Paul Bürkner
- Harold L. Sirkin
- Harvard Girl
- HBOS plc
- Heinz College
- IDG Capital Partners
- Indra Nooyi
- InsideTrack
- Interfaces (journal)
- Investment banker
- Ira Magaziner
- Israel
- James Abegglen
- Jan Koeppen
- Jeff Immelt
- Jeffrey Hunker
- Jetstar Airways
- Jim Whitehurst
- John Ho
- John Legend
- John Paulson
- John Replogle
- Karan Bajaj
- Kayak.com
- Ken Hachikian
- La Paz F.C.
- Lateral hires
- Laura Liswood
- Linda Bilmes
- Liu Yiting
- M&A;
- Mahlon Apgar, IV
- Margaret Spellings
- Martin Halusa
- Massachusetts
- McKinsey & Company
- Michael A. Carpenter
- Michael R. Eisenson
- Mitt Romney
- Natasha Tsukanova
- Neil Fiske
- News Corporation
- Orbitz
- Pahala N. Mansury
- Partnership
- Pepsi
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- Roland Berger
- Sally Blount
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Akzo Nobel
Akzo Nobel N.V., trading as AkzoNobel, is a Dutch multinational, active in the fields of decorative paints, performance coatings and specialty chemicals. Headquartered in Amsterdam, the company has activities in more than 80 countries, and employs approximately 55,000 people. Sales in 2010 were EUR 14.6 billion. Following the acquisition of ICI, the company has restructured in 2 January 2008, and rebranded itself in 25 April of the same year.
AkzoNobel consists of 19 business units, with business responsibility and autonomy. For managerial purpose these cooperate in three groups, which are supported by one managerial board.
As of January 1, 2011, a nine member-strong Executive Committee (ExCo) was established, which is composed of five members of the Board of Management (BOM) and four leaders with functional expertise, allowing both the functions and the business areas to be represented at the highest levels in the company.
The ExCo includes Chairman and CEO Ton Büchner, CFO Keith Nichols, Leif Darner (responsible for Performance Coatings), Rob Frohn (responsible for Speciality Chemicals), Tex Gunning (responsible for Decorative Paints), Graeme Armstrong (responsible for Research, Development & Innovation), Sven Dumoulin (General Counsel), Werner Fuhrmann (responsible for Supply Chain/Sourcing) and Marjan Oudeman (responsible for HR and Organizational Development). The board holds office in Amsterdam. Prior to August 2007, the group was headquartered in Arnhem.
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Bertelsmann
Bertelsmann AG is a multinational media corporation founded in 1835, based in Gütersloh, Germany. The company operates in 63 countries and employs 102,983 workers (as of December 31, 2009). In 2008 the company reported a €16.118 billion consolidated revenue and an operating EBIT of €1.568 billion. Among its some 2000 subdivisions, subsidiaries, and branches are Random House, RTL Group, Gruner + Jahr, Arvato, and BMG Rights Management.
Bertelsmann is majority owned (77.4%) by the Bertelsmann Foundation, a non-profit organisation and political think tank founded by the Mohn family. The Mohn family owns the remaining 22.6% of the company.
The C. Bertelsmann Verlag was founded as a publishing house and print shop in July 1835 by Carl Bertelsmann. At first Bertelsmann concentrated on Christian songs and books. In 1851, led by Carl Bertelsmann's son Heinrich, the company began publishing novels. During the following years Bertelsmann expanded steadily. By 1939 the publishing house employed 401 people. During World War II, Bertelsmann was the biggest single producer of Nazi propaganda. Its owner, Heinrich Mohn, is said to have belonged to a group that donated money to the Nazi squadron SS. At the end of World War II, the publishing house was closed for some time because of illegal paper-trading. During the Nazi period, it published books by Nazi authors such as Will Vesper (who did the commemorative speech at the 1933 book burning) and Hans Grimm. In 1947, the company was re-founded by Reinhard Mohn, fifth generation of the Bertelsmann family. In 2002 a commission appointed by the company itself found that it had co-operated closely with the Nazis during the war and used Jews as cheap labour.
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Bolivia
Coordinates: 16°42′43″S 64°39′58″W / 16.712°S 64.666°W / -16.712; -64.666 Bolivia (
i/bəˈlɪviə/, Spanish: [boliˈβja]) officially known as Plurinational State of Bolivia (Spanish: Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia, Quechua: Bulivya Mamallaqta, Aymara: Wuliwya Suyu), is a landlocked country in central South America. It is bordered by Brazil to the north and east, Paraguay and Argentina to the south, Chile to the southwest, and Peru to the west.
Prior to European colonization, the Andean region of Bolivia was a part of the Inca Empire – the largest state in Pre-Columbian America. The Spanish Empire conquered the region in the 16th century. During most of the Spanish colonial period, this territory was called Upper Peru and was under the administration of the Viceroyalty of Peru, which included most of Spain's South American colonies. After declaring independence in 1809, 16 years of war followed before the establishment of the Republic, named for Simón Bolívar, on 6 August 1825. Bolivia has struggled through periods of political instability, dictatorships and economic woes.
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Boston
Boston (pronounced /ˈbɒstən/ or locally /ˈbɔstən/ (
listen)) is the capital of and largest city in Massachusetts, and is one of the oldest cities in the United States. The largest city in New England, Boston is regarded as the unofficial "Capital of New England" for its economic and cultural impact on the entire New England region. The city proper, covering only 48.43 square miles, had a population of 617,594 according to the 2010 U.S. Census. Boston is also the anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area called Greater Boston, home to 4.5 million people and the tenth-largest metropolitan area in the country. Greater Boston as a commuting region is home to 7.6 million people, making it the fifth-largest Combined Statistical Area in the United States.
In 1630, Puritan colonists from England founded the city on the Shawmut Peninsula. During the late 18th century, Boston was the location of several major events during the American Revolution, including the Boston Massacre and the Boston Tea Party. Several early battles of the American Revolution, such as the Battle of Bunker Hill and the Siege of Boston, occurred within the city and surrounding areas. Through land reclamation and municipal annexation, Boston has expanded beyond the peninsula. After American independence was attained Boston became a major shipping port and manufacturing center, and its rich history now helps attract many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone attracting over 20 million every year. The city was the site of several firsts, including America's first public school, Boston Latin School (1635), and the first subway system in the United States (1897).
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Brown University
Brown University is a private, Ivy League university located in Providence, Rhode Island, United States. Founded in 1764 prior to American independence from the British Empire as the College in the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations early in the reign of King George III (1760–1820), Brown is the third oldest institution of higher education in New England and seventh oldest in the United States.
Brown was the first college in the nation to accept students regardless of religious affiliation. Academically, Brown consists of The College, Graduate School, Alpert Medical School, and the School of Engineering. Brown's international programs are organized through the Watson Institute for International Studies. The New Curriculum, instituted in 1969, eliminated distribution requirements and allows any course to be taken on a satisfactory/no credit basis. In addition, there are no pluses or minuses in the letter grading system. The school has the oldest undergraduate engineering program in the Ivy League (1847). Pembroke College, Brown's women's college, merged with the university in 1971. While Brown is considered a small research university with 689 full-time faculty and 2,000 graduate students, five of its professors and two of its alumni have been honored as Nobel Laureates. The faculty added 100 new professors in the past 10 years under the Boldly Brown campaign.
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Heinz College
Heinz College Letterhead
The H. John Heinz III College (Heinz College) at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States is a graduate college that consists of one of the nation's top-ranked public policy schools and I-schools. It is named after Pennsylvania U.S. Senator H. John Heinz III (1938-1991). The college consists of the School of Information Systems & Management and the School of Public Policy & Management.
The Heinz College educational process integrates policy, management, and information technology studies. Coursework emphasizes the applied disciplines of empirical methods and statistics, economics, information systems and technology, operations research, and organizational behavior. In addition to full-time, on campus programs in Pittsburgh, Washington, DC, and Adelaide, Heinz College offers graduate-level programs to non-traditional students through part-time on-campus and distance programs, customized programs, and executive education programs for senior managers.
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Israel
Coordinates: 31°N 35°E / 31°N 35°E / 31; 35
Israel, officially the State of Israel (
/ˈɪzriːəl/ or /ˈɪzreɪəl/; Hebrew: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, Medīnat Yisrā'el, IPA: [me̞diˈnät jisʁäˈʔe̞l] ( listen); Arabic: دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل, Dawlat Isrāʼīl, IPA: [dawlat ʔisraːˈʔiːl]), is a parliamentary republic in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan and the West Bank in the east, Egypt and the Gaza Strip on the southwest, and the Gulf of Aqaba in the Red Sea to the south, and it contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel is defined as a Jewish and Democratic State in its Basic Laws and is the world's only Jewish-majority state.
Following the adoption of a resolution by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 29 November 1947 recommending the adoption and implementation of the United Nations plan to partition Palestine, on 14 May 1948 David Ben-Gurion, the Executive Head of the World Zionist Organization and president of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, declared the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz Israel, to be known as the State of Israel, a state independent from the British Mandate for Palestine. Neighboring Arab states invaded the next day in support of the Palestinian Arabs. Israel has since fought several wars with neighboring Arab states, in the course of which it has occupied the West Bank, Sinai Peninsula, Gaza Strip and the Golan Heights. Portions of these territories, including east Jerusalem, have been annexed by Israel, but the border with the neighboring West Bank has not yet been permanently defined.[neutrality is disputed] Israel has signed peace treaties with Egypt and Jordan, but efforts to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict have so far not resulted in peace.
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Massachusetts
Massachusetts (i/ˌmæsəˈtʃuːsɨts/), officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is a U.S. state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. It is bordered by Rhode Island and Connecticut to the south, New York to the west, and Vermont and New Hampshire to the north; at its east lies the Atlantic Ocean. Massachusetts is the 7th least extensive, but the 14th most populous and the 3rd most densely populated of the 50 United States. The state features two separate metropolitan areas – the eastern Boston metropolitan area and the western Springfield metropolitan area. Approximately two thirds of the state's population lives in Greater Boston, most of which is either urban or suburban. Western Massachusetts features one urban area – the Knowledge Corridor along the Connecticut River – and a mix of college towns and rural areas. Massachusetts is the most populous of the six New England states and has the US's sixth highest GDP per capita.
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Salt Lake City
Salt Lake City, often shortened to Salt Lake or SLC, is the capital and the most populous city of the U.S. state of Utah. With a population of 186,440 as of the 2010 Census, the city lies in the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, which has a total population of 1,145,905. Salt Lake City is further situated in a larger urban area known as the Wasatch Front, which has a population of 2,328,299. It is one of only two major urban areas in the Great Basin (the other being Reno, Nevada), and the largest in the Intermountain West.
The city was founded in 1847 by Brigham Young and his Mormon followers, who extensively irrigated and cultivated the arid valley. Due to its proximity to the Great Salt Lake, the city was originally named "Great Salt Lake City"—the word "great" was dropped from the official name in 1868. Although Salt Lake City is still home to the headquarters of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), less than half the population of Salt Lake City proper are members of the LDS Church today.
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Ahmed Fahour
Ahmed Fahour (born in 1966) is a business executive currently serving as the Managing Director and CEO of Australia Post and was formerly the Chief Executive Officer of the Australian operations of the National Australia Bank (NAB).
Fahour was born in Syria in 1966, and migrated to Australia with his parents in 1970. He studied at St Joseph's College in North Fitzroy, and later attended Redden College in Preston. After high school, he attended Latrobe University in Melbourne from 1984.[citation needed] After a brief spell as a graduate trainee at the ANZ Bank, he went on to complete his Master of Business Administration degree at Melbourne Business School in 1993 while working for Boston Consulting Group.[citation needed] He became a director of the group in 1997 and spent a year as Co-Managing Director of its joint-venture investment company, Iformation.[citation needed]
He joined Citigroup in 2000 as senior vice-president of corporate development in New York, at the age of 36.[citation needed] Subsequently, around 2002, Fahour became CEO of Citigroup Alternative Investments where he was responsible for consolidating all the non-traditional investment businesses (Private Equity, Hedge Funds, Real Estate)[citation needed] In February 2004 Fahour was named chief executive of Citigroup (Australia and New Zealand).[citation needed]
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Alan Tripp
Alan Harvey Tripp (born 10 August 1965) is an American entrepreneur who has successfully founded several private education companies, including SCORE! Educational Centers and InsideTrack, the college student coaching company he formed with Kai Drekmeier. He is a regular speaker and contributor to the national discussion on higher education.
Tripp received a bachelors in Economics in 1985 and an MBA in 1989, both from Stanford University. Tripp was a management consultant with Boston Consulting Group (BCG) and worked as an analyst for H&Q Technology Partners. He has also worked as a reporter and editor for The Wall Street Journal.
In 1992, Tripp launched SCORE! Educational Centers, a provider of customized supplementary computer-based education services for children in kindergarten through tenth grade. On 17 April 1996, Kaplan acquired SCORE! in a deal worth less than $10 million USD. Tripp stayed on as general manager and helped open nearly 100 centers with more than 1,500 employees. The company is now a unit of The Washington Post Company.
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Alex Michel
Alex Michel is an American businessman, producer, and television personality, who appeared in The Bachelor during its premiere season in 2002.
Alex was born in Charlottesville, Virginia, but has lived all over the United States. He has a close knit family including his father, a corporate executive, his mother, a marriage and family therapist, and two younger sisters.
In high school Alex was valedictorian, student body president, homecoming king and captain of a state championship swim team his senior year. He graduated with honors from Harvard University, majoring in History and Literature, and was a member of the varsity swimming and water polo teams. During college he spent a summer working as an analyst in the Office of Management and Budget in the Executive Office of the President of the United States.
Travel and adventure have always been a part of Alex's life. After college he worked in the U.S. Embassy in Mexico. He later worked on creating documentary travel videos which took him to many exotic locations, including Australia, Brazil, China, Fiji, India, Japan, Kenya, Malaysia, New Zealand, and Venezuela among others. He speaks Spanish fluently and speaks a little Portuguese.
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Alexander De Croo
Alexander De Croo (Vilvoorde, born 3 November 1975) is a Flemish liberal politician, economist and businessman. He was elected chairman of his political party (Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats (Open VLD)) on 12 December 2009.
Alexander De Croo is the son of former Belgian minister and president of the Chamber of Representatives Herman De Croo. In 1998, he graduated in Business Engineering at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel. He attended Northwestern University in Chicago in 2002 to complete an MBA at the Kellogg School of Management.
Before his political career, Alexander De Croo became a project leader of The Boston Consulting Group in 1999. Starting from 2006, he founded a new company called Darts-ip specialized in providing service to Intellectual Property professionals.
In 2009, he participated for the first time in politics with the European elections of 2009. He received 47.779 preference votes while being positioned tenth on the party ballot.
On 26 October 2009, he became a candidate for the presidency of his political party Open VLD to succeed the transitional president Guy Verhofstadt. He chose Vincent Van Quickenborne and Patricia Ceysens as his running mates to compete against Marino Keulen and Gwendolyn Rutten. On 12 December 2009, he was elected president in the second round with 11.676 votes. Marino Keulen received 9.614 votes. His election is remarkable because he does not have any previous experience practicing a political mandate.
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Andreas Jacobs
W. Andreas Jacobs (born December 1963) is a Bremen-born entrepreneur who lives in Germany and is a German national.
Jacobs, the son of billionaire Klaus Johann Jacobs is descended from a house that dates back over 900 years. He attended the University of Freiburg, University of Munich and later Montpellier (France). He obtained a doctorate in European competition law from the University of Freiburg, and also earned a Master of Business Administration from INSEAD in Fontainebleau, France.
Since around 1992 Jacobs has been an independent entrepreneur with a stake in several companies (Minibar AG, Baar, and Acentic GmbH) plus minority interests in several other companies. He worked during this period as a consultant and project manager at The Boston Consulting Group in Munich. One of his more significant investments was the Canadian coffee maker Nabob from Jacobs-Suchard, and profited several hundreds of millions of francs in the successful re-launch. He also participated in the purchase and sale of shoemaker Paiso, Schmidlin and Infront.
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Andy Hornby
Andy Hornby (born 21 January 1967) is an English businessman, notable for having been the Group Chief Executive of HBOS at the time of its government-facilitated rescue by Lloyds TSB. Currently he is Chief Executive of the bookmakers Coral.
He was born in Scarborough, North Yorkshire, but brought up in Bristol, where his father was headteacher of Clifton College Preparatory School.
Hornby is the Chief Executive of Coral. Prior to joining Coral, he was Group Chief Executive of Alliance Boots. Prior to joining Alliance Boots, he was Group Chief Executive of HBOS until the government-facilitated rescue of HBOS by Lloyds TSB Group. He has also held a range of roles at Asda, including Retail Managing Director and Managing Director of "George" clothing. He has a degree in English Literature from St Peter's College, Oxford University, and an MBA from Harvard Business School where he graduated top of his class of 800 students.
Hornby started his career with Boston Consulting Group where he focused on retail, consumer goods and financial sectors. After graduating from Harvard, he joined Blue Circle Industries where he carried out a range of general management roles. After leaving Blue Circle, he joined Asda under CEO Archie Norman, becoming Director of Corporate Development, Retail Managing Director, overseeing 36 stores and 14,000 employees; and then Managing Director of George whilst Allan Leighton was CEO. In 1999 he was promoted to the Asda Management Board at the age of 32.
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Ariane de Bonvoisin
Ariane de Bonvoisin is an author, entrepreneur and an expert on change. She is the founder and CEO of The First 30 Days, Inc, parent company of First30Days.com, a website for helping people make changes in their lives. Her book The First 30 Days: Your Guide to Making any Change Easier, was published by HarperOne in May 2008.
She is also the host of Change Nation, a weekly podcast where she interviews change experts, authors, celebrities and everyday people about getting through change in their lives.
De Bonvoisin was born in New York to French and Belgian parents. As a child, she attended five schools around the world and lived in six countries on three continents. By her early teens she was an international swimmer in Hong Kong. She can speak four languages—English, French, German and Spanish.
In January 2001, de Bonvoisin summited Mount Kilimanjaro and in December 2002 she accompanied a group of students to Antarctica. She has also gone cage diving with great white sharks in South Africa, and has been a ski instructor .
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Austin Ligon
William Austin Ligon (born ca. 1951) is the co-founder and retired CEO of CarMax, Inc. He retired in June 2006, and is now a private angel-stage investor. Among his recent investments are Gazelle.com; Redfin.com; Zigmo; Café Caturra; and MotorExchange India.
CarMax, Inc. is the U.S.'s largest retailer of used cars. The company operates 103 used car superstores in 49 markets throughout the country. CarMax will sell nearly 600,000 retail and wholesale cars, and record total revenues of nearly $9 billion in the current fiscal year. At over $85 million in sales per store, CarMax used car superstores are among the highest volume retail stores in the U.S. CarMax, Inc. is a Fortune 500 company traded on the New York Stock Exchange (KMX) and was named one of Fortune’s “100 Best Companies to Work For” for the sixth consecutive year in 2010.
Ligon and Rick Sharp, then Circuit City Stores CEO, developed the CarMax idea together in 1991 and launched the first CarMax store in Richmond, Virginia, in 1993. Austin became president of CarMax in 1995. He led the company through a decade and a half of rapid growth, including its IPO as a tracking stock of Circuit City in 1997. He added the title of CEO upon the company’s spin off from Circuit City in 2002. Ligon came to Circuit City from Marriott Corporation where he had been senior vice president of strategic planning for Marriott Hotels and Resorts. He joined Marriott in 1984 as director of corporate planning, and served as vice president of both marketing and concept general management in the family restaurant division.
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Benjamin Netanyahu
Benjamin "Bibi" Netanyahu (Hebrew: בִּנְיָמִין "בִּיבִּי" נְתַנְיָהוּ (help·info); born 21 October 1949) is the current Prime Minister of Israel. He serves also as the Chairman of the Likud Party, as a Knesset member, as the Health Minister of Israel, as the Pensioner Affairs Minister of Israel and as the Economic Strategy Minister of Israel.
Netanyahu is the first Israeli prime minister born in Israel after the founding of the state. Netanyahu joined the Israeli Defense Forces during the 1967 Six-Day War, and became a team leader in the Sayeret Matkal special forces unit. He took part in many missions, including Operation Gift and Operation Isotope, during which he was shot in the shoulder. He fought on the front lines in the Yom Kippur War in 1973, taking part in special forces raids along the Suez Canal, and then leading a commando assault deep into Syrian territory. He achieved the rank of captain before being discharged. Netanyahu served as the Israeli ambassador to the United Nations from 1984 to 1988, member of the Likud Party, and was Prime Minister from June 1996 to July 1999.
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Bill Browder
William Felix Browder (born in 1964) is the Chief Executive Officer and co-founder of the investment fund Hermitage Capital Management.
Bill Browder and Edmond Safra founded Hermitage Capital Management in 1996 for the purpose of investing initial seed capital of $25 million in Russia. The business was very successful, profiting from the wave of privatizations occurring in Russia at that time, and increased its investor base substantially. Following the Russian financial crisis of 1998 Browder continued the business of Hermitage investing in Russia, despite significant outflows from the fund. His fund became a prominent activist shareholder in the Russian gas giant Gazprom, the large oil company Surgutneftegaz, RAO UES, Sberbank, Sidanco, Avisma and Volzhanka. Browder exposed management corruption and corporate malfeasance in these partly state-owned companies. He has been quoted as saying: "You had to become a shareholder activist if you didn’t want everything stolen from you".
Bill Browder has amassed a significant fortune through his management of the Hermitage Fund. In 2006 he earned an estimated £125-150 million. In 2007 he earned a further £125-£150 million.
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Bill Clinton
William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III; August 19, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Inaugurated at age 46, he was the third-youngest president. He took office at the end of the Cold War, and was the first president of the baby boomer generation. Clinton has been described as a New Democrat. Many of his policies have been attributed to a centrist Third Way philosophy of governance.
Born and raised in Arkansas, Clinton became both a student leader and a skilled musician. He is an alumnus of Georgetown University where he was Phi Beta Kappa and earned a Rhodes Scholarship to attend the University of Oxford. He is married to Hillary Rodham Clinton, who has served as the United States Secretary of State since 2009 and was a Senator from New York from 2001 to 2009. Both Clintons received law degrees from Yale Law School, where they met and began dating. As Governor of Arkansas, Clinton overhauled the state's education system, and served as Chair of the National Governors Association.
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Bruce Henderson
Bruce Doolin Henderson (1915–1992) was the founder of the Boston Consulting Group (BCG). Henderson founded BCG in 1963 in Boston, Massachusetts.
Originally called the Management and Consulting Division of the Boston Safe Deposit and Trust Company, what became BCG was itself a subsidiary of The Boston Company. A former salesman for the Southwestern Company (which his father owned for 50 years), Henderson attended the University of Virginia and then earned an undergraduate degree in mechanical engineering from Vanderbilt University before attending Harvard Business School. He left HBS ninety days before graduation to work for Westinghouse Corporation, where he became one of the youngest vice presidents in the company's history. He was named one of Time Magazine's top 10 news makers under 30 years old.
He left Westinghouse to head Arthur D. Little's management services unit before he accepted the challenge from the CEO of the Boston Safe Deposit and Trust Company to start a consulting arm for the bank. This consulting arm started operations in 1963. Initially it advised clients of the bank. The billings for the first month of BCG were only US$ 500. Nevertheless, Henderson hired his second consultant, Arthur P. Contas in December 1963. In 1974 Henderson made BCG an independent business. He retired from BCG in 1985 and then became a professor of management at Vanderbilt University.
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Carl Woebcken
Carl "Charlie" Woebcken, born in 1956, is a German film producer and President/CEO of Studio Babelsberg AG and Managing Director of the production service subsidiary Studio Babelsberg Motion Pictures as well as Babelsberg Film.
Charlie Woebcken acquired Studio Babelsberg together with his business associate Christoph Fisser in July 2004 from the French media group Vivendi. They went public with the restructured Studio Babelsberg at the German stock exchange in 2005.
Before operating in Babelsberg, Charlie Woebcken worked as a management consultant at The Boston Consulting Group and subsequently in the management board of the Roland Berger & Partner consultancy. From 1998 he served as Vice President of the production and distribution company TV Loonland AG in Munich and as CEO of the former Sony subsidiary Sunbow Entertainment in New York. With his involvement as producer and co-producer films like Petterson and Findus were produced.
As head of programming at Berlin Animation Film GmbH (BAF), he acted as co-producer on a range of projects from 2002 until 2004, including the CGI feature film Happily N'Ever After.
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Clayton Christensen
Clayton M. Christensen (born April 6, 1952) is the Kim B. Clark Professor of Business Administration at the Harvard Business School, with a joint appointment in the Technology & Operations Management and General Management faculty groups. He is best known for his study of innovation in commercial enterprises. His first book, The Innovator's Dilemma, articulated his theory of disruptive innovation. Christensen is also a co-founder of Innosight, a management consulting and investment firm specializing in innovation.
Christensen was born in Salt Lake City, Utah, the second of eight children. He holds a B.A. with highest honors in economics at Brigham Young University (1975), an M.Phil. in applied econometrics and the economics of less-developed countries at Oxford University (1977, Rhodes Scholar), an MBA with High Distinction at the Harvard Business School (1979, George F. Baker Scholar), and a DBA at the Harvard Business School (1992).
Before joining the faculty of Harvard Business School (HBS) in 1992, Christensen worked for the Boston Consulting Group and then served as chairman and president of Ceramics Process Systems Corporation (Now CPS Holdings), a firm he co-founded with several MIT professors in 1984. In 2000, he founded Innosight LLC, a consulting and training firm which describes itself as "focusing on idea generation, strategy development, commercialization, and innovative process development." In 2005, together with his colleagues at Innosight he launched Innosight Ventures, a venture firm focused on investing in India. In 2007, after incubating the processes for six years, Christensen co-founded Rose Park Advisors LLC (named after the neighborhood of Salt Lake City where he was raised), an investment company which applies his research as an investment strategy.
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George David
George David (born 1942) is the former Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of United Technologies Corporation. David was elected UTC’s President in 1992 and Chief Executive Officer in 1994. He joined UTC’s Otis Elevator subsidiary in 1975 and became its President in 1986.
David was born in Pennsylvania. His mother's name was Margaret; his father, Charles Wendell was a professor at the University of Pennsylvania and one of America's first Rhodes scholars. David left home after high school graduation in 1962 and enrolled in Harvard University on a full scholarship. He received his B.A. from Harvard and M.B.A. from the University of Virginia's Darden Graduate School of Business Administration. He is a board member of Citigroup, a member of The Business Council and the Business Roundtable, and Vice Chairman of the Peterson Institute for International Economics.
He has served on the boards of the Graduate Business School at the University of Virginia, the National Minority Supplier Development Council, the U.S.-ASEAN Business Council, the Transatlantic Business Dialogue and the Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art.
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George W. Bush
George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American politician and businessman who was the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009 and the 46th Governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000. The eldest son of Barbara Bush and George H. W. Bush, he was born in New Haven, Connecticut. After graduating from Yale University in 1968 and Harvard Business School in 1975, Bush worked in oil businesses. He married Laura Welch in 1977 and ran unsuccessfully for the House of Representatives shortly thereafter. He later co-owned the Texas Rangers baseball team before defeating Ann Richards in the 1994 Texas gubernatorial election. In a close and controversial election, Bush was elected President in 2000 as the Republican candidate, defeating Vice President Al Gore in the Electoral College. Bush is the second American president to have been the son of a former president. He is also the brother of Jeb Bush, former Governor of Florida.
Terrorist attacks occurred eight months into Bush's first term as president on September 11, 2001. In response, Bush announced the War on Terror, an international military campaign which included the war in Afghanistan launched in 2001 and the war in Iraq launched in 2003. In addition to national security issues, Bush promoted policies on the economy, health care, education, and social security reform. He signed into law broad tax cuts, the PATRIOT Act, the No Child Left Behind Act, the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act, and Medicare prescription drug benefits for seniors. His tenure saw national debates on immigration, Social Security, electronic surveillance, and enhanced interrogation techniques. His administration also withdrew the U.S. from a some international treaty processes, including the Kyoto Protocol on global warming.
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Gerald Corbett
Gerald Corbett is a businessman in the UK. Over a long career, he has been a director of twelve public companies, five of which he has chaired. He is currently chairman of Betfair plc, the world’s leading betting exchange, which he joined in January 2012. He is also chairman of Britvic plc, the international soft drinks company whose brands include Robinsons squash, J2O, Tango, Fruit Shoot and Ballygowan water, and Pepsi. As chairman he led the floatation of Britvic in 2005 since when the profits have almost doubled.
He is also chairman on Moneysupermarket.com plc, the UK’s leading price comparison website, whose floatation he led in 2007. He chairs Towry, the wealth advisory business and is a non-executive director of Numis plc, the stockbroking and investment banking business based in the City.
In 2005 he became Chairman of SSL International plc, the consumer healthcare group, whose major brands included Durex and Scholl, sold in over 50 countries. In 2010 he negotiated the sale of SSL to Reckitt Benckiser for £2.5 billion, a gain of 400% on the share price 5 years previously.
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Hans Wijers
Gerardus Johannes (Hans) Wijers (born 11 January 1951) is the former CEO of AkzoNobel. From 1994 until 1998 he was a minister of Economic Affairs of the Netherlands for the liberal democrats party D66.
Hans Wijers was born in Oostburg, the Netherlands, on 11 January 1951.
After secondary school at Hogere burgerschool (HBS-B) level, Wijers studied Economics at the Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, where he graduated in 1976. As assistant professor, he taught Economics at the Erasmus University, and in 1982 received a doctorate for his research in "Industrial politics: the design of governmental policy for industrial sectors".
Hans Wijers lives together with Dr Edith A. Sijmons, gynaecologist. They have a daughter (1992) and son (1994), and live in Utrecht.
From 1982 till 1984, Wijers worked as a civil servant at the ministry of Social Affairs and Labour and later at the ministry of Economic Affairs. Subsequently, he became a management consultant at The Boston Consulting Group for, among others, Bakkenist, Spits & Co.
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Harold L. Sirkin
Harold "Hal" L. Sirkin (born 1959) is an American business consultant and author, who often writes about trends in innovation and global business competition.
Harold Sirkin is a senior partner in the Chicago office of the Boston Consulting Group, where he serves as global leader of the firm's Operations practice. He has co-authored several Boston Consulting Group reports including Capturing Global Advantage (2004),Globalizing R&D: Knocking Down the Barriers (2005),Globalizing R&D: Building a Pathway to Profits (2005),The New Global Challengers (2006), and The 2008 Top 100 New Global Challengers (2007).
Sirkin writes a regular column entitled "Globality" for BusinessWeek.com and contributes to The New York Times Syndicate's "Global Business Perspectives column". He is the co-author of two books: Payback: Reaping the Rewards of Innovation, which advises companies to adopt a systematic approach to innovation, and Globality: Competing with Everyone from Everywhere for Everything, which explores strategies for economic competition under globality, the end state of globalization. Payback was named one of the "Best Innovation and Design Books for 2006" by BusinessWeek magazine.Globality was picked by The Economist as one of the best business books of 2008. Sirkin has also contributed to Time and the Harvard Business Review.
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Indra Nooyi
Indra Krishnamurthy Nooyi(Tamil : இந்திரா கிருஷ்ணமுர்த்தி நூயி) (born 28 October 1955) is a Tamil-born American business executive. She is the current Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of PepsiCo, the second largest food & beverage business in the world (by net revenue). According to Forbes, she is consistently ranked among World's 100 Most Powerful Women.
Nooyi was born in Madras, Tamil Nadu, India. She was educated at Holy Angels' Anglo Indian Higher Secondary School in Madras. She received a Bachelor's degree in Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics from Madras Christian College in 1974 and a Post Graduate Diploma in Management (MBA) from Indian Institute of Management Calcutta in 1976. Beginning her career in India, Nooyi held product manager positions at Johnson & Johnson and textile firm Mettur Beardsell. She was admitted to Yale School of Management in 1978 and earned a Master's degree in Public and Private Management. While at Yale, she completed her summer internship with Booz Allen Hamilton. Graduating in 1980, Nooyi joined the Boston Consulting Group (BCG), and then held strategy positions at Motorola and Asea Brown Boveri.
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Ira Magaziner
Ira Magaziner (born November 8, 1947 ) was born in New York City, New York, USA. After being a student activist and business consultant, Magaziner became the senior advisor for policy development for President Clinton, especially as chief healthcare policy advisor. He now serves as chairman of the William J. Clinton Foundation's international development initiatives, which are at the forefront of non-governmental organizations in addressing Global Health and Environmental issues.
During his college years at Brown University, Magaziner was one of the two architects of the "New Curriculum," a liberal academic approach which includes no core requirements aside from the concentration the student pursues. Magaziner excelled academically at Brown and in 1969 was named valedictorian of his class.
During the 1968 black student walkout at the University, Magaziner held rallies in support of their demands, and as president of the Undergraduate Council of Students, he negotiated with the administration on the terms of their return. His valedictory address at graduation was featured in a 1969 Time magazine special on student leaders—a special which also included a story about a recent Wellesley College graduate, future First Lady and New York Senator Hillary Rodham. After his address, Magaziner led the students in turning their backs on Henry Kissinger, who was receiving an honorary degree. Magaziner also organized Brown's "spring weekend" concerts and festivities.[citation needed]
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James Abegglen
James C. Abegglen (1926–2007) was a university professor in management and economics, the author and co-author of ten books on Japan. He was one of the founders of the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) in 1963, and the first representative director of its Tokyo branch, founded in 1966. His academic interests centered on Japanese enterprises and economic systems and their priority to the Western capitalism.
He was born in Michigan. After graduation from Harvard and the University of Chicago, he served in the Third Marine Division to fight at Guadalcanal Island and Iwo Jima. As World War II ended, he left in 1945 for Hiroshima as a member of the United States Strategic Bombing Survey (USSBS). He visited Japan again in 1955 as a researcher of the Ford Foundation, to study Japanese industrial organization and personnel practices.
Abegglen lived permanently in Japan with his Japanese wife after 1982 and took Japanese nationality in 1997.
He served successively as professor and director of the Graduate School of Comparative Culture at Sophia University, Chairperson of Asia Advisory Service K.K., and dean emeritus of Globis University in 2006. He taught "Management of Japanese Enterprises" at that school until his death from cancer on May 2, 2007.
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Jeff Immelt
Jeffrey Robert "Jeff" Immelt (born February 19, 1956) is an American business executive. He is currently the chairman of the board and chief executive officer of the U.S.-based conglomerate General Electric. He was selected by GE's Board of Directors in 2000 to replace Jack Welch following his retirement. Previously, Immelt had headed up GE's Medical Systems division (now known as GE Healthcare) as its President and CEO.
Immelt was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, the son of Donna Rosemary (née Wallace), a school teacher, and Joseph Francis Immelt, who managed the General Electric Aircraft Engines Division. Immelt attended Finneytown High School; he played football in college and was an offensive tackle. He holds an B.A. in Applied Mathematics from Dartmouth College where he currently serves on the board of trustees and was president of his fraternity, Phi Delta Alpha, and an M.B.A. from Harvard Business School. He has been with GE since 1982 and is on the board of two non-profit organizations, one of which is the Robin Hood Foundation, a charitable organization which attempts to alleviate problems caused by poverty in New York City.
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Jeffrey Hunker
Jeffrey Hunker received his bachelor's degree from Harvard College and Ph.D. from Harvard Business School. He joined the Boston Consulting Group before becoming an advisor in the Department of Commerce and the founding director of the Critical Infrastructure Assurance Office. This led him to serve on the National Security Council as the Senior Director for Critical Infrastructure.
Hunker was also a Vice President at Kidder, Peabody & Co., dean of the Heinz College at Carnegie Mellon, and is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. He is credited with coining the term cyberinfrastructure and has worked closely with Richard A. Clarke on cyberterrorism issues. Hunker's research is primarily concerned with Homeland and Information Security. Prof. Hunker has also been the Carnegie Mellon Representation for the Institute for Information Infrastructure Protection.
In 2008 Hunker was charged three times with driving under the influence ([1]), followed by another incident on Thanksgiving 2009. In May 2010 Hunker pleaded guilty to these four drunken driving charges and was sentenced to 3 to 6 months in jail ([2]). He was paroled at sentencing and currently is serving 24 months probation.([3])
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Jim Whitehurst
Jim Whitehurst is the Chief Executive Officer at Red Hat. Prior to that, he was a Chief Operating Officer of Delta Air Lines. Whitehurst was tapped by former Delta CEO Gerald Grinstein to lead the airline out of bankruptcy and played a critical role in Delta's battle for survival against the hostile takeover attempt by US Airways in 2006. Whitehurst became a very popular figure during the campaign to Keep Delta My Delta because of his transparent honesty and genuine affection for the company and its heritage. Some have speculated that his fierce defense of Delta worked against him as Delta's Board sought a successor to CEO Grinstein in 2007. Before his appointment as COO of Delta, Whitehurst served as Senior Vice President and Chief Network and Planning Officer for the company.
Prior to joining Delta in 2002, he served as Vice President and Director of The Boston Consulting Group and held various management roles at its Chicago, Hong Kong, Shanghai and Atlanta offices.
A native of Columbus, Georgia, Whitehurst graduated from Rice University in Houston, Texas, with a bachelor's degree in Computer Science and Economics. He also attended Erlangen Nuremberg University in Erlangen, Germany, holds a general course degree from the London School of Economics and an MBA from Harvard Business School.
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John Legend
John Roger Stephens (born December 28, 1978), better known by his stage name John Legend, is an American singer-songwriter and actor. He has won nine Grammy Awards, and in 2007, he received the special Starlight award from the Songwriters Hall of Fame.
Prior to the release of his debut album, Stephens' career gained momentum through a series of successful collaborations with multiple established artists. Stephens added his voice to those of other artists, assisting in them reaching chart-topper hits. He lent his voice to Kanye West's All of the Lights, on Slum Village's "Selfish" and Dilated Peoples' "This Way". Other artists included Jay-Z's "Encore", and he sang backing vocals on Alicia Keys' 2003 song "You Don't Know My Name" and Fort Minor's "High Road." Stephens played piano on Lauryn Hill's "Everything Is Everything."
Stephens was born on December 28, 1978, in Springfield, Ohio. He is the son of Phyllis, a seamstress, and John Mills, a factory worker and former National Guardsman. Throughout his childhood, Stephens was homeschooled on and off by his mother. At the age of four, he began playing the piano and at the age of seven, he performed with his church choir. When he was ten, his parents divorced, causing his mother to suffer a breakdown. At the age of 12, Stephens attended North High School, from which he graduated four years later. He graduated salutatorian.
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John Paulson
John Alfred Paulson (born December 14, 1955) is an American hedge fund manager. He is the founder and President of Paulson & Co., a New York-based hedge fund.
Paulson became a billionaire by short-selling subprime mortgages in 2007, and made $3.7 billion that year. In 2010, he beat a hedge-fund record by making nearly $5 billion.
In 2011, he made bad trades in Bank of America,Citigroup and the fraud-suspected China-based Canadian-listed company; Sino-Forest Corporation. His flagship fund, Paulson Advantage Fund, was down over 40% as of September 2011. During that same time, Paulson had invested most of his personal fortune in gold and it had grown by $3.1 billion from September 2010 to September 2011.
Paulson was born in 1955 in Queens, New York, the son of Alfred G. Paulson (November 22, 1924 - July 24, 2002) and Jacqueline Paulson (nee Boklan born 1926).
His father was born Alfredo Guillermo Paulsen in Ecuador to Alfredo Paulsen Moulis, who served as governor of Guayas Province, and Zoila María Andrade. Alfredo's father was of half Norwegian and half French descent while his mother was Ecuadorian. Alfredo was orphaned at fifteen and moved to Los Angeles with his younger brother Alberto at age sixteen. He did odd jobs for several years and then enlisted in the Army where he served and was wounded in Italy during World War II. He later changed his surname from Paulsen to Paulson.
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John Replogle
John Replogle is the President and CEO of Seventh Generation Inc., a U.S.-based, consumer product company.
Replogle earned an A.B. in government from Dartmouth College in 1988. While a student at Dartmouth, he served as student body president and was a member of Bones Gate fraternity. After leaving Dartmouth, Replogle spent five years working at the Boston Consulting Group before enrolling at Harvard Business School, where he graduated with distinction two years later.
After Harvard, he was hired by Guinness Brewery as head of strategy for Guinness Americas and Caribbean. He remained with the company (a subsidiary of Diageo) for eight years, eventually becoming President of Guinness Bass Import Co. in the U.S. and Guinness U.K. Replogle was previously the general manager for Unilever's North American skin care division and President and CEO of Burt's Bees before joining Seventh Generation Inc. as CEO and President on February 9, 2011. Replogle is also notably the younger brother of Bruce Replogle, former Publicist to John Lennon on Double Fantasy, and founder and CEO of Rock Management USA.
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Karan Bajaj
Karan Bajaj is the Indian author of two novels, Keep Off the Grass(2008) and Johnny Gone Down (2010).
Neither of his novels has received an international release yet.
Born in 1979 into an Indian Army family, Karan studied in various schools in Delhi, Shimla, Ranchi, Jabalpur, Lucknow and Assam. Karan Bajaj also works in Brand Management for Kraft Foods in New York. He graduated from the Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore in 2002 after completing his engineering from Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi in 2000. Karan has earlier worked as a Brand Manager for Procter & Gamble and a management consultant for the Boston Consulting Group in India, the Philippines, Singapore and the U.S.
Bajaj's debut novel was published by HarperCollins India in June 2008.
The story is about a psychedelic road trip of a 25-year-old Yale graduate through the length and breadth of India. The journey is made by a brilliant youngster named Samrat, born to immigrant parents in the U.S. who decides to go out in search of his roots. Along the way Samrat, the protagonist, ends up in prison for possession of marijuana, develops a drug addiction, meditates in the foothills of the Himalayas, has a one-night stand with a hippie in Dharamsala and meets flesh-eating Aghoree saints on the banks of Varanasi.
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Ken Hachikian
Ken (Kenneth) Hachikian is an Armenian-American economist and public activist, the chairman of the Armenian National Committee of America since 2000.
He received his BA in Economics and MBA from Harvard University. As a financial and operating executive, he worked for 9 years with The Boston Consulting Group, advising Fortune 1000 companies on corporate, financial and operational strategies. From 1991 to 1994, Mr. Hachikian served as President of LINC Scientific Leasing, Inc., and, from 1983 to 1989, as President and CEO of Wellesley Medical Management, Inc. He is the Board Chairman of the Cambridge Heart, Inc.
He is a proponent of the Dashnak ideology, Hachikian has been an active member of both the Young Presidents’ Organization and the World Presidents' Organization.
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Laura Liswood
Laura Ann Liswood (born 1950) is Secretary General of the Council of Women World Leaders, which is composed of women presidents, prime ministers, and heads of government. In August 1996, she co-founded the Council with President Vigdís Finnbogadóttir of Iceland.
The work of the Council expands the understanding of leadership, establishes a network of resources for high-level women leaders, and provides a forum for the group to provide input and shape international issues important to all people. The Council's mission is to promote good governance and enhance the experience of democracy globally by increasing the number, effectiveness, and visibility of women who led at the highest levels in their countries. The Council is a policy program of the Aspen Institute and is currently chaired by President Tarja Halonen of Finland.
From 1992-1996, as director of the Women's Leadership Project, Liswood identified global leadership contributions by women heads of state. She interviewed 19 current and former women presidents and prime ministers, which is chronicled in her book and video documentary, Women World Leaders (1996, 2007 and 2009, HarperCollins). Her quest was to find out what it would take for a woman to become President of the United States.
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Mahlon Apgar, IV
Mahlon (Sandy) Apgar, IV, is a housing, infrastructure, and real estate consultant to global corporations and government agencies, and the founder of Apgar & Company. He has been senior advisor on real estate and a partner of the Boston Consulting Group (BCG), a partner of a McKinsey & Company, and a Senior Scholar at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. President Bill Clinton appointed him Assistant Secretary of the Army for Installations and Environment in 1998, with global responsibility for the Army's housing, real estate and facilities.[1] In that role, he also established the Army's Residential Communities Initiative (RCI).
Apgar graduated from Blair Academy in 1958, and in 1962 received a BA in Sociology from Dartmouth College, where he was a Choate Scholar and a Distinguished Military Graduate of Army ROTC. Additionally, he was a member of Delta Tau Delta fraternity and helped lead the chapter's decision to break from the national organization due to its discriminatory admissions policy. In 1962, he was commissioned in the US Army and served as an intelligence officer in Germany until 1965. The following year, he studied the British new towns program at Oxford University. In 1968, he received an MBA from the Harvard Business School, where he was a National Fellow and Executive Editor of The MBA magazine.
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Margaret Spellings
Margaret Spellings (born November 30, 1957) was the Secretary of Education from 2005 to 2009 under the administration of U.S. President George W. Bush and previously served as White House Domestic Policy Adviser to President George W. Bush.
She was one of the principal proponents of the 2001 No Child Left Behind Act that aimed at reforming primary and secondary education. In 2005, she convened a Commission on the Future of Higher Education to recommend reform at the post-secondary level. Since leaving this role, Spellings has founded Margaret Spellings & Company, an education consulting firm in Washington, D.C., and is a senior advisor to the Boston Consulting Group.
Margaret Spellings, born Margaret Dudar on November 30, 1957 in Michigan, moved with her family to Houston when she was in the third grade. Spellings graduated from Sharpstown High School in 1975.
Margaret Spellings earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science from the University of Houston in 1979 and worked in an education reform commission under Texas Governor William P. Clements and as associate executive director for the Texas Association of School Boards. Before her appointment to George W. Bush's presidential administration, Spellings was the political director for Bush's first gubernatorial campaign in 1994, and later became a senior advisor to Bush during his term as Governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000.
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Michael R. Eisenson
Michael R. Eisenson is co-founder, managing director and chief executive officer of Charlesbank Capital Partners, LLC, a private equity investment firm based in Boston and New York.
Eisenson previously managed certain assets of Harvard Management Company, where he worked from 1986 until the founding of Charlesbank, ultimately rising to managing director. Prior to his tenure at Harvard Management Company, Eisenson was with the management consulting firm, Boston Consulting Group.
While at Harvard Management Company, Eisenson was linked to George W. Bush's Harken Energy transaction. Specifically, Eisenson was the Harvard representative on the Harken Energy board when Harvard made a $30 million investment into the oil company venture. While Eisenson was initially criticized for improperly investing his own money into Harken, Harvard deemed those investments appropriate[7] and ultimately made a small profit on the transaction.
Eisenson serves on the Board of Directors of Blueknight Energy, CIFC, DEI Holdings, Montpelier Re, Penske Auto Group and StoneCastle Partners. In 2011, he was recognized by the Outstanding Directors Exchange for his significant boardroom contributions. Eisenson is a trustee of The Boston Foundation, Williams College, the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Berklee College of Music. He is also a founding director of Horizons for Homeless Children
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Mitt Romney
Willard Mitt Romney (born March 12, 1947) is an American businessman and the presumptive nominee of the Republican Party for President of the United States in the 2012 election. He was the 70th Governor of Massachusetts (2003–07).
The son of Lenore and George W. Romney (Governor of Michigan, 1963–69), he was raised in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. In 1966, after one year at Stanford University, he left the United States to spend thirty months in France as a Mormon missionary. In 1969, he married Ann Davies, and the couple had five children together. In 1971, he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in English from Brigham Young University and, in 1975, a joint Juris Doctor and Master of Business Administration from Harvard University as a Baker Scholar. He entered the management consulting industry, which in 1977, led to a position at Bain & Company. Later serving as Chief Executive Officer, he helped bring the company out of financial crisis. In 1984, he co-founded the spin-off Bain Capital, a private equity investment firm that became highly profitable and one of the largest such firms in the nation. His net worth is estimated at $190–250 million, wealth that has helped fund his political campaigns. Active in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, he served as Ward Bishop and later Stake President in his area near Boston. He ran as the Republican candidate in the 1994 U.S. Senate election in Massachusetts, losing to long-time incumbent Ted Kennedy. In 1999, he was hired as President and CEO of the Salt Lake Organizing Committee for the 2002 Winter Olympics and Paralympics; and he helped turn the fiscally troubled games into a success.
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Neil Fiske
Neil Fiske is the former President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director of Eddie Bauer Holdings, Inc. He has had over 18 years experience in the retail and related industries.
Before Eddie Bauer, Mr. Fiske served as chief executive officer of the Bath and Body Works, a division of Limited Brands. As chief executive officer of that company, Mr. Fiske led the turnaround and brand transformation, reversing more than two years of negative comp store sales and declining profits. Under his four-year tenure, Bath and Body Works grew from $1.8 to $2.5 billion, achieved record profits in 2006, and launched a number of innovative, industry-leading brands. Mr. Fiske also helped launch a highly successful e-commerce and catalog business. He was recognized as "Marketer of the Year" and "Retailer of the Year" in 2004 and 2005 by Women's Wear Daily.
Prior to his tenure at Bath and Body Works, Neil Fiske was a Partner at the prestigious management consulting firm The Boston Consulting Group, where he was an expert in consumer goods and retail.
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Peter Lampl
Sir Peter Lampl, OBE (born 1947) is a British philanthropist and Chairman of the Sutton Trust.
His father was a Czech refugee who came to Britain in 1938. Lampl was born in Wakefield and as the family later moved he was educated at Reigate Grammar School and Pate's (Cheltenham) Grammar School. He has said that the contrast between the Oxbridge entrance rates from these two schools alerted him to the differences in educational opportunity in Britain. He studied at Corpus Christi College, Oxford and the London Business School.
Lampl worked outside Britain for over twenty years, initially as a management consultant with The Boston Consulting Group in Boston, Massachusetts and Munich, Germany, and then as an executive at International Paper. In 1983 he created The Sutton Company, a private equity firm, and by the mid 1990s had become extremely wealthy.
On his return from America Lampl was appalled to discover that nowadays "a kid like me had little to no chance of making it to Oxbridge or another Russell Group university", noting that his old grammar school was now "all fee-paying" and his old Oxford college "used to have lots of ordinary Welsh kids, but they’re not coming through any more."
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Philip Hulme
Philip William Hulme (born 1948) is the co-founder of Computacenter, one of the United Kingdom's largest computer businesses.
Having graduated at Imperial College, London with a first class degree in engineering, Philip Hulme secured a Harkness Fellowship and joined the MBA Programme at Harvard Business School. He then joined Boston Consulting Group becoming a Vice-President and Director in 1979.
Philip Hulme, together with his former Harvard colleague Peter Ogden founded Computacenter in 1981 and expanded it into one of the United Kingdom's largest computer businesses. When the Company floated on the London Stock Exchange in 1998 Philip gave much of the proceeds from the sale of his shares to charity. He served as Chairman of Computacenter from 1998 to 2001.
Philip is also a substantial shareholder in Dealogic, another British computer business.
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Roland Berger
Roland Berger (born November 22, 1937, in Berlin) is a German entrepreneur, consultant and philanthropist. He is the founder and Chairman of the Supervisory Board of the international strategy consulting firm Roland Berger Strategy Consultants which he established in Munich, Germany, in 1967. He has been a close advisor of Gerhard Schröder, beginning when Schröder was the Minister-President of Lower Saxony and continuing through his tenure as Chancellor of Germany. Berger reportedly declined an offer to become Economics Minister in 1998 when Schröder became Chancellor because Berger was also advising the politically conservative Minister-President of Bavaria Edmund Stoiber.
Roland Berger is also the founder of the Roland Berger Foundation for Human Dignity.
Furthermore, Roland Berger is a founding partner of BLM Partners which he formed with Florian Lahnstein, Gero Wendenberg and Jason Carley. The controversial Thomas Middelhoff left that firm in November 2010. He is also Chairman Germany on the International Advisory Board of Blackstone Group and serves as a member of the Board of Directors of FIAT Group and INSEAD. He is also a member of the supervisory board of the pharmaceuticals and healthcare company Fresenius SE.
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Shikhar Ghosh
Shikhar Ghosh is the MBA Class of 1961 Senior Lecturer in the Entrepreneurial Management Unit at the Harvard Business School. He teaches an MBA course called The Entrepreneurial Manager. Shikhar has been a successful entrepreneur for the last 20 years. He has been the founder and CEO or Chairman of eight technology-based entrepreneurial companies and was the past Chairman of the Massachusetts Technology Leadership Council and The Indus Entrepreneurs - two leading entrepreneurial organizations. He was selected by BusinessWeek as one of the best Entrepreneurs in the US,Forbes as one of the ‘Masters of the Internet Universe’ and Fortune as the CEO of one of the 10 most innovative companies in the US. Companies he founded were selected as both the ‘hottest’ and ‘coolest’ emerging companies by business publications.
Shikhar received his undergraduate degree from the University of Bombay. Subsequently, he received his MBA from the Harvard Business School in 1980.
Shikhar joined the Boston Consulting Group in 1980 after completing his MBA. At BCG he focused on organization and innovation in large organization. He was elected a worldwide partner of the firm in 1987. Shikhar left BCG in 1988 to become CEO of Appex , an early-stage venture backed company that built the inter-carrier infrastructure for the US mobile phone industry. Appex provided centralized services that enabled independent mobile carriers to operate as a single seamless network. Appex’s services included call forwarding across carriers, fraud prevention services, billing and customer service. Appex was bought by EDS in 1990. By the time Shikhar left in 1993, Appex’s revenues exceeded $100m with an order backlog of over $1 billion. It was selected by BusinessWeek as the fastest growing private company in the US.
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Stefan Quandt
Stefan Quandt (born 9 May 1966) is a German engineer and industrialist. He is ranked as the 76th richest person in the world in the Forbes list of billionaires, who put his personal wealth at $11.2 billion
He was born in Bad Homburg to Herbert Quandt and Johanna Quandt. He attended the University of Karlsruhe where he studied engineering from 1987 to 1993. From 1993-1994, he worked for the Boston Consulting Group in Munich. From 1994 to 1996 he worked for Datacard Group of Minneapolis as a marketing manager in Hong Kong.
On his father's death in 1982 he acquired 17.4% of BMW, the company his father had saved from bankruptcy in 1959. Quandt also inherited from his father substantial holdings in other companies, many of which he runs through his holding company, Delton AG. These include:
With his mother, he owned 18.3% of Gemplus International, a large digital security company, before its merger to form Gemalto in 2006. Currently he serves BMW as a deputy chairman of the supervisory board. He also has held seats on the supervisory boards of Dresdner Bank AG and of the Gerling Konzern Allgemeine Versicherungs AG. Rumours predict he will eventually become head of BMW's supervisory board. His mother Johanna Quandt and sister Susanne Klatten are also substantial shareholders in BMW and other large German companies making them one of the wealthiest families in the world.
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Steve Poizner
Stephen Leo "Steve" Poizner (born January 4, 1957) is an American businessman/entrepreneur and conservative Republican politician, who was elected State Insurance Commissioner of California in November 2006, and concluded the 4 year term in January 2011. Poizner co-founded the Encore Career Institute with the Sherry Lansing Foundation and Creative Artists Agency in June 2011, which will partner with UCLA Extension to offer online non-degree certificates for out of work adults and baby boomers looking to switch careers.
Poizner has been a successful Silicon Valley high tech entrepreneur, founding both SnapTrack, Inc. and Strategic Mapping, Inc. In 2001, following privately held SnapTrack's sale for $1 billion to Qualcomm, Poizner served a year as a White House Fellow in the National Security Council. Starting one week before the September 11, 2001 attacks, Poizner held the position of Director of Critical Infrastructure Protection, and was involved in developing Homeland Security programs relating to cybersecurity and emergency response communication protocols.
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Heino Meerkatt of The Boston Consulting Group on private equity
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:06
- Updated: 28 Aug 2012
Private equity was the darling of the investment world in the five years between 2003 and 2007, enjoying exponential growth fuelled by cheap liquidity, growing profitability across industries, rising asset prices, and strong support from investors. Today, amid the global economic slowdown, the private equity industry is struggling for survival in the face of "a perfect storm".
http://wn.com/Heino_Meerkatt_of_The_Boston_Consulting_Group_on_private_equity
Guerrilla MBA - BCG Matrix, Boston Consulting Group
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:40
- Updated: 13 Oct 2012
Guerrilla MBA - BCG Matrix, Boston Consulting Group
http://wn.com/Guerrilla_MBA_BCG_Matrix,_Boston_Consulting_Group
Hans Paul Burkne, Boston Consulting Group
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:50
- Updated: 28 Apr 2012
Robert Gottliebsen discusses diversity with Hans Paul Burkne from Boston Consulting Group for Management Insights.
http://wn.com/Hans_Paul_Burkne,_Boston_Consulting_Group
Question Time with Janmejaya Sinha, MD of Boston Consulting Group
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:57
- Updated: 19 Oct 2012
NDTV's Omkar Goswami speaks to Janmejaya Sinha, MD, Boston Consulting Group on the problems facing the Indian economy like widening fiscal deficit, political paralysis, slowing growth, divestment, power sector woes among others.
http://wn.com/Question_Time_with_Janmejaya_Sinha,_MD_of_Boston_Consulting_Group
Boston Consulting Group
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:18
- Updated: 27 Apr 2012
Boston Consulting Group
http://wn.com/Boston_Consulting_Group
Evaluating Product Lines Using the BCG Matrix
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:52
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
This video gives a brief description of the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix method of analyzing various product lines within a business.
http://wn.com/Evaluating_Product_Lines_Using_the_BCG_Matrix
Corporate Strategy: BCG's Jeff Gell on how companies can develop and implement corporate strategy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:46
- Updated: 27 Oct 2012
BCG's Jeff Gell shares insight on how companies can develop and implement the proper corporate strategy. To read more about BCG's expertise on corporate strategy, please visit: www.bcg.com
http://wn.com/Corporate_Strategy_BCG's_Jeff_Gell_on_how_companies_can_develop_and_implement_corporate_strategy
Luc de Brabandere, Boston Consulting Group
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:38
- Updated: 19 Oct 2012
Speech of Luc de Brabandere, Vice-President of the Boston Consulting Group, about "SME's and ideas", during the SME Conference 2010 in La Hulpe (Belgium)
http://wn.com/Luc_de_Brabandere,_Boston_Consulting_Group
Windstream Case Study: Boston Consulting Group
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:24
- Updated: 21 Aug 2012
The Boston Consulting Group, a global management consulting firm and the world's leading advisor on business strategy, depends on the personalized service and superior account management that Windstream provides.
http://wn.com/Windstream_Case_Study_Boston_Consulting_Group
Evolution of a "Killer" Slide?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:05
- Updated: 29 Oct 2012
See why "simpler is better" in this short video from The Boston Consulting Group.
http://wn.com/Evolution_of_a_Killer_Slide?
Boston Consulting Group at HEC Paris
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:47
- Updated: 10 Oct 2012
Leading consulting firms participe actively to the HEC MSc in Strategic Management.Here, the Boston Consulting Group with HEC Students of the Msc in Strategic Management.
http://wn.com/Boston_Consulting_Group_at_HEC_Paris
careerloft bei BCG VOB
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:55
- Updated: 18 Sep 2012
Tim und Tonia statten der Boston Consulting Group einen Besuch in München ab. Einblicke in das Beraterleben und weitere spannende Informationen gibt es im Video.
http://wn.com/careerloft_bei_BCG_VOB
The $10 Trillion Prize - New Book from The Boston Consulting Group (BCG)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:31
- Updated: 14 Nov 2012
In "The $10 Trillion Prize: Captivating the Newly Affluent in China and India," Michael J. Silverstein, Carol Liao, David Michael, and Abheek Singhi of The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) provide the first comprehensive profile of the emerging middle classes in China and India, which are primed to transform the global marketplace. Already the world's biggest purchasers of cars, mobile phones, appliances, and more, these consumers are eager for more products and services. The book, published by Harvard Business Review Press, posits that by the year 2020, the combined consumer markets of these two countries alone could be worth over $10 trillion annually. Rich in original research findings and first-hand narratives, it includes chapters on the rise of the middle class in China and India, highlights the specific preferences and aspirations of these consumers, and provides relevant lessons that can be utilized by business leaders everywhere.
http://wn.com/The_10_Trillion_Prize_New_Book_from_The_Boston_Consulting_Group_BCG
BCG | Vielfalt ist gefragt
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:11
- Updated: 10 Nov 2012
http://wn.com/BCG_|_Vielfalt_ist_gefragt
How to improve employees' fitness level and well-being at work - Case: Boston Consulting Group
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:04
- Updated: 29 Aug 2012
The Helsinki office of Boston Consulting Group set up a sports challenge and the resulst were impressive! Not only did the general fitness level of the employees go up, the sports challenge had a positive impact on the working atmosphere, too. Boston Consulting Group used Movescount to stay on track of the amount of exercise and to motivate people, and all employees also had a Suunto M5 so they could easily download their Moves to Movescount.
http://wn.com/How_to_improve_employees'_fitness_level_and_well-being_at_work_Case_Boston_Consulting_Group
Vincent Bretin - Principal - The Boston Consulting Group
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:34
- Updated: 21 Jun 2011
Après une thèse de physique quantique à l'UPMC, Vincent Bretin a intégré la société de conseil The Boston Consulting Group.
http://wn.com/Vincent_Bretin_Principal_The_Boston_Consulting_Group
Tutorium 19 - BCG-Matrix / Portfolio in Excel (Growth-Share Matrix, Boston Consulting Group)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:47
- Updated: 05 Nov 2012
In diesem Video zeige ich euch, wie man eine BCG-Matrix in Excel erstellen kann. Sie dient als holistische Unternehmensgesamtschau um die strategischen Geschäftsfelder eines Unternehmens zu analysieren. Wurde sich ein Überblick verschafft, so wird ein Ziel-Portfolio erstellt. Anschließend setzt der Entscheidungsträger verschiedene Normstrategien ein, um die Zielvorgaben in einem definierten Zeitraum zu erreichen. Die Beispieldateien können unter folgendem Link heruntergeladen werden: www.ifhk.eu
http://wn.com/Tutorium_19_BCG-Matrix_Portfolio_in_Excel_Growth-Share_Matrix,_Boston_Consulting_Group
Elektromobilität - Diskussionspanel mit Audi und The Boston Consulting Group - careerloft
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:43
- Updated: 09 Sep 2012
Bei uns im careerloft drehte sich am 06.07.2012 alles um die mobile Zukunft. Wir hatten jeweils Unternehmensvertreter von Audi und The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) eingeladen, um zusammen mit acht Fördermitgliedern über neue Perspektiven der Mobilität zu diskutieren und sowohl die strategischen als auch technischen Aspekte zu beleuchten. Mehr zum Event gibt es im careeloft-Blog:careerloft.de
http://wn.com/Elektromobilität_Diskussionspanel_mit_Audi_und_The_Boston_Consulting_Group_careerloft
BCG Growth Share Matrix
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:22
- Updated: 17 Nov 2012
Boston Consulting Groups growth share matrix visit: www.b2bwhiteboard.com
http://wn.com/BCG_Growth_Share_Matrix
#OIAS Leadership for Innovation: Dr. Yves Morieux - Boston Consulting Group
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 30:04
- Updated: 20 Nov 2012
An inspirational presentation on Leadership at the Open Innovation Africa Summit 2012 www.ideasproject.com
http://wn.com/_OIAS_Leadership_for_Innovation_Dr_Yves_Morieux_Boston_Consulting_Group
Luc De Brabandère, Boston Consulting Group au Salon des micro-entreprises
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:58
- Updated: 14 Dec 2011
Comment augmenter sa créativité? Comment trouver de "nouvelles idées? Luc de Brabandère nous explique comment en changeant simplement de perspective, on peut donner du sens à des idées qu'on avait déjà et trouver de nouvelles pistes.
http://wn.com/Luc_De_Brabandère,_Boston_Consulting_Group_au_Salon_des_micro-entreprises
Presentación de The Boston Consulting Group y McKinsey & Company en Tecnun
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:32
- Updated: 12 Feb 2012
David Arcelus de McKinsey & Company, y Francisco Salmerón e Iñigo Tamayo de The Boston Consulting Group presentaros sus empresas a los alumnos de 4º y 5º de Tecnun.
http://wn.com/Presentación_de_The_Boston_Consulting_Group_y_McKinsey_Company_en_Tecnun
Boston Consulting Group
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:10
- Updated: 02 Oct 2012
KFI, Boston Consulting Group study
http://wn.com/Boston_Consulting_Group
photo: AP / Emilio Morenatti
22 Nov 2012
A new battle is underway in Pakistan with its powerful military front-and-centre, but the fight is not against armed insurgents or ideological extremists - this opponent is a muscle-flexing Supreme Court. For the first time in decades, the military's iron grip over the South Asian country has been challenged, and it remains to be seen if it will...(size: 23.7Kb)
photo: AP / Melanie Gouby
21 Nov 2012
Hundreds of government soldiers and police in the Democratic Republic of Congo have surrendered to rebels at a stadium in Goma, Al Jazeera's Nazanine Moshiri has reported from the scene. The M23 rebel group, believed to be backed by Rwanda seized the strategic, provincial capital of Goma in eastern Congo on Tuesday, home to more than 1 million...(size: 18.7Kb)
photo: AP
23 Nov 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. I was fortunate to have been raised near an American Indian archaeological spot located on the Great Plains. In elementary school, a fellow classmate would periodically bring and show grinding stones, arrow- and spearheads, stone farming implements, and pictures of what the excavated site may have...(size: 7.1Kb)
photo: UN / Logan Abassi
21 Nov 2012
A report by the UN says global attempts to curb emissions of CO2 are falling well short of what is needed to stem dangerous climate change. The UN's Environment Programme says greenhouse gases are 14% above where they need to be in 2020 for temperature rises this century to remain below 2C. The authors say this target is still technically...(size: 3.5Kb)
photo: AP / Egyptian Presidency
23 Nov 2012
Opposition groups in Egypt have called for mass protests on Friday against President Mohammed Mursi's decree that gives him sweeping powers. They have described his move as a "coup against legitimacy" and accused the president of appointing himself Egypt's "new pharaoh". The decree states that the president's decisions cannot be revoked by any...(size: 4.6Kb)
The Gleaner
24 Nov 2012
Dave Lindo, Gleaner Writer WILLIAMSFELD, Manchester: WHEN ALVA Jarrett was setting up his jerk centre in Manchester, he journeyed all the way to Boston in Portland, the home of the reputed best jerk pork in the island, and brought back a chef. This was in order to capture that good tasting jerk pork at his Lucky Charm Bar and Jerk Centre. "I wanted...(size: 2.8Kb)
Sporting News
24 Nov 2012
BOSTON — Paul Pierce scored 22 of his 27 points in the second half and the Boston Celtics snapped a two-game losing streak by beating the Oklahoma City Thunder 108-100 on Friday night. Kevin Garnett had 18 points and nine rebounds for the Celtics, who led by 14 in the second half and held on after the Thunder cut it to three points with under 2...(size: 2.7Kb)
The Examiner
24 Nov 2012
Related topics MLBNick SwisherBoston Red SoxNew York Yankees Advertisement The Boston Red Sox holiday shopping list might have the name of an old foe on it. Free agent Nick Swisher, who has spent the last four seasons with the New York Yankees, could be brought in to play right field at Fenway Park. If Boston is unable to re-sign Cody Ross then...(size: 6.8Kb)
The News Tribune
24 Nov 2012
Paul Pierce scored 27 points and Jeff Green added 17 against his former team, as the Boston Celtics...(size: 0.7Kb)
Ohio
24 Nov 2012
A couple cannot seek damages against a Sagamore Hills teen and his family over a collision on the slopes of Boston Mills Ski Resort, the Ohio Supreme Court ruled this week. Essentially, the court’s 6-1 decision finds that skiers must assume...(size: 1.6Kb)
San Francisco Chronicle
24 Nov 2012
BOSTON (AP) — Cathy Jerome spent a year and a half watching her 3-year-old daughter's legs lifelessly drag behind her on a treadmill's conveyor belt, as the rest of her upper body slowly lurched forward. Jerome would hit the stop button, then start again for what seemed like a hundred times every session. Until the day she didn't have to. When...(size: 5.0Kb)
The Examiner
24 Nov 2012
Related topics Boston weatherBoston weather forecastBoston forecastBoston NewsMassachusetts weatherMassachusetts forecast Advertisement Forecast discussion: After several days of gorgeous weather in Boston, a moving cold front will bring that streak to an end tonight. The front is moving through eastern New York at the moment, and it will bring...(size: 8.8Kb)
Major League Blogging
24 Nov 2012
I’m more than content. Cliff Lee was lights out for the Phillies, they have less payroll flexibility for 4 years, and the Phillies could have had both Lee & Halladay leading that rotation together. Halladay; Lee; Hamels; Happ; Blanton/Drabek/Moyer would have been Lights Out. Also I think some other moves fall into place now. The Mariners...(size: 2.6Kb)
The Examiner
24 Nov 2012
Related topics Boston weather forecastBoston weather newsHoliday TravelMassachusetts weatherboston Advertisement A cold front will come charging through southern New England overnight and should be offshore Saturday morning. This marks the end of the delightful weather of the past 10 days or so and also brings about a change in the weather pattern...(size: 8.9Kb)
The Oklahoman
24 Nov 2012
By John Rohde | email BROOKS SHORTENS BENCH IN LOSS TO BOSTON Thunder coach Scott Brooks sounded apologetic that he shortened his bench during Friday night's 108-100 loss to the Boston Celtics at TD Garden....(size: 8.9Kb)
TSN Canada
24 Nov 2012
BOSTON -- Paul Pierce scored 22 of his 27 points in the second half and the Boston Celtics snapped a two-game losing streak by beating the Oklahoma City Thunder 108-100 on Friday night. Kevin Garnett had 18 points and nine rebounds for the Celtics, who led by 14 in the second half and held on after the Thunder...(size: 2.0Kb)
The Miami Herald
24 Nov 2012
BOSTON -- Paul Pierce scored 22 of his 27 points in the second half and the Boston Celtics snapped a two-game losing streak by beating the Oklahoma City Thunder 108-100 on Friday night. Kevin Garnett had 18 points and nine rebounds for the Celtics, who led by 14 in the second half and held on after the Thunder cut it to...(size: 2.1Kb)
Boston Herald
24 Nov 2012
Paul Pierce scored 22 of his 27 points in the second half and the Boston [] snapped a two-game losing streak by beating the Oklahoma City Thunder 108-100 on Friday night. Kevin Garnett had 18 points and nine rebounds for the Celtics, who led by 14 in the second half and held on after the Thunder cut it to three points with under 2 minutes...(size: 2.9Kb)
 |
This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page.
|
 |
|
| Type | Partnership |
|---|---|
| Industry | Management consulting |
| Founded | 1963 |
| Headquarters | Boston, Massachusetts, United States 75 offices in 42 countries |
| Key people | Hans-Paul Bürkner, President & CEO |
| Products | Management consulting services |
| Revenue | US$ 3.55 billion (2011) BCG.com |
| Employees | 5,600 (consultants) BCG.com |
| Website | bcg.com |
The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) is a global management consulting firm with offices in 42 countries. It is recognized as one of the most prestigious management consulting firms in the world.[1] It is one of only three companies to appear in the top 15 of Fortune's "Best Companies to Work For" report for seven consecutive years.[2] In the 2011 and 2012 lists, BCG is listed as the second best company to work for, and is the only top-tier consulting firm to appear in the top 100.[3] BCG is also the only firm to have been listed every year in Consulting Magazine's "Best Firms to Work For" list, since the magazine's inception in 2001.[4]
The company was formed by Bruce D. Henderson, a Vanderbilt University and Harvard Business School alumnus. After many years in the purchasing department of Westinghouse in Pittsburgh (where pricing behavior gave him the idea of the experience curve), he joined Arthur D. Little in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He was then recruited by The Boston Company, where he founded a one-man, one-telephone consulting unit he named Boston Consulting Group. In 1975, Henderson arranged an employee stock ownership plan, and employees took the company independent from The Boston Company.[5] The buyout of all shares was completed in 1979.[6]
Contents |
Concepts developed[link]
"Growth-share matrix"[link]
Main article: Growth-share matrix
In 1968, BCG created the "growth-share matrix", a simple chart to assist large corporations in deciding how to allocate cash among their business units. The corporation would categorize its business units as "Stars", "Cash Cows", "Question Marks", and "Dogs" (originally "Pets"), and then allocate cash accordingly, moving money from "cash cows" toward "stars" and "question marks" that had higher market growth rates, and hence higher upside potential.[7][8]
"Experience curve"[link]
Main article: Experience curve effects
The experience curve illustrates that the more often a task is performed the lower will be the cost of doing it. The task can be the production of any good or service. Each time cumulative volume doubles, value-added costs (including administration, marketing, distribution, and manufacturing) fall by a constant and predictable percentage.
BCG founder, Bruce Henderson, expounded the implications of the experience curve for strategy.[9] BCG research concluded that because relatively low cost of operations is a very powerful strategic advantage, firms should capitalize on these learning and experience effects.[10]
Advantage matrix[link]
For more details on this topic, see Boston Consulting Group's Advantage Matrix.
In this matrix, the two axes are economies of scale and differentiation. The four quadrants formed are called "Volume", "Stalemated", "Specialized", and "Fragmented".
Recruiting[link]
BCG typically hires for Associate or Consultant positions. While so-called "lateral hires" as Project Leader, Principal or Partner are possible, they are not the norm. In the United States, BCG recruits undergraduates to join as Associates from about a dozen institutions, and hiring is extremely competitive, with fewer than 1% of candidates given offers. Top-performing Associates receive sponsorship to pursue an MBA, returning to BCG upon completion. Some Associates advance to Consultant and beyond without obtaining an MBA, but the vast majority of Associates attend business school. A few complete JDs, MD and other graduate degrees at various institutions (called ADCs for Advanced Degree Candidates/Consultants). BCG also makes large efforts to hire advanced non-business degree holders. Graduates holding J.D.s, M.D.s and Ph.D.s in disciplines like engineering, science, and liberal arts receive training in business fundamentals and then typically join the firm as Consultants although this varies between different geographies. There is also an opportunity to join as a Summer Associate or Summer Consultant (internship) position for 10 weeks, which for many interns will result in an offer of a full-time position.
Like most consulting firms, BCG uses a modified version of the Cravath System, also known as "up or out".
Competitors[link]
Three firms primarily compete in providing management consulting services to Fortune 500 and large enterprises, consistently recruiting top talent from elite colleges and professional/graduate schools globally: McKinsey & Company, Bain & Company, and The Boston Consulting Group. This top tier of the consulting industry is commonly termed the "MBB" by executive recruiters and industry insiders.
Although these firms compete directly across all major sectors and geographies, each firm possesses its own unique profile that defines its sustainable competitive advantage in the marketplace. McKinsey & Co., on account of its experience, deep board/C-level relationships and scale, is currently a strong player in general strategy, financial services, operations and IT. McKinsey holds the highest market share among the firms globally with geographic strength across the Americas, Europe and Asia. BCG displays competitive strength in general strategy and holds the second-highest market share globally after McKinsey. Bain & Co. is the strongest player in the PE/LBO space, servicing most major private investment firms globally.
Publications[link]
- Michael J. Silverstein and Kate Sayre. Women Want More: How to Capture Your Share of the World's Largest, Fast-Growing Market 2009.
- Harold L. Sirkin, James W. Hemerling and Arindam K. Bhattacharya. Globality: Competing with Everyone from Everywhere for Everything 2008.
- Carl W. Stern and Michael S. Deimler: The Boston Consulting Group on Strategy 2006. A collection of articles on strategy and management
- James P. Andrew and Harold L. Sirkin: Payback – Reaping the Rewards of Innovation Harvard Business School Press 2006
- Michael J. Silverstein with John Butman: Treasure Hunt – Inside the Mind of the New Consumer 2006.
- Michael J. Silverstein and Neil Fiske: Trading Up – Why Consumers Want New Luxury Goods and How Companies Create Them 2003
- Jeanie Daniel Duck: The Change Monster – The Human Forces that Fuel or Foil Corporate Transformation and Change 2002.
- Tiha von Ghyczy and Bolko von Oetinger: Clausewitz on Strategy 2001.
- Philip Evans and Thomas S. Wurster: Blown to Bits – How the New Economics of Information Transforms Strategy 2000.
- Carl W. Stern and George Stalk Jr. (eds.): Perspectives on Strategy from The Boston Consulting Group 1968.
- James C. Abegglen and George Stalk: Kaisha, the Japanese Corporation 1985.
- Bolko Von Oetinger: A Passion for Ideas – How Innovators Create the New and Shape Our World 2001.
- Arun Maira: Shaping the Future – Leadership through Communities of Aspiration in India and Beyond 2002.
- David C. Michael and Greg Sutherland: Asia's Digital Dividends – How Asia-Pacific's Corporations Can Create Value from E-Business 2002.
- Rob Lachenauer and George Stalk: Hardball – Are You Playing to Play or Playing to Win 2004.
- Colin B. Carter and Jay W. Lorsch: Back to the Drawing Board – Designing Corporate Boards for a Complex World 2004.
- Luc de Brabandere: The Forgotten Half of Change – Achieving Greater Creativity through Changes in Perception 2005.
- David Rhodes and Daniel Stelter: Accelerating Out of the Great Recession 2010.
Notable current and former employees[link]
 |
This section relies on references to primary sources or sources affiliated with the subject, rather than references from independent authors and third-party publications. Please add citations from reliable sources. (August 2010) |
Business[link]
- Jeff Immelt – CEO of General Electric
- Indra Nooyi – CEO of Pepsi
- George David – Former Chairman and CEO of United Technologies[11]
- Stefan Quandt – Owner of Delton AG
- Andy Hornby – CEO of Alliance Boots, former CEO of HBOS plc
- Neil Fiske – CEO of Eddie Bauer, co-author of Treasure Hunt: Inside the Mind of the New Consumer
- Michael Dornemann – Chairman & CEO of Bertelsmann Entertainment
- Bill Bain – Founder of Bain & Co.
- Roland Berger – Founder of Roland Berger Strategy Consultants, Advisory Board of The Blackstone Group
- Jim Whitehurst – CEO of Red Hat, former COO of Delta Air Lines
- Gerald Corbett – CEO of Railtrack
- Mauricio González Sfeir – Former President of YPFB, Former Secretary of Energy of Bolivia, owner of La Paz F.C.
- Jim Koch – Founder, CEO, & Brewmaster of Boston Beer Company[12]
- Dean Nelson – Chairman of Primedia
- Bruce Buchanan – CEO of Jetstar Airways
- Martin Halusa – CEO of Apax Partners
- Steve Hafner – Co-founder and CEO of Kayak.com, co-founder and former CEO of Orbitz[13]
- Ahmed Fahour – CEO of Australia Post
- Andreas Jacobs – Chairman of Barry Callebaut
- Jean-Christophe Babin – CEO of TAG Heuer[14]
- John Replogle – President and CEO of Burt's Bees
- Alan Tripp – Founder of SCORE! Educational Centers and InsideTrack
- Michael A. Carpenter – Chairman of Southgate Alternative Investments, former CEO of Salomon Smith Barney[15]
- Michael R. Eisenson – co-founder of Charlesbank Capital Partners, former managing director of the Harvard Management Company
- Bill Browder – Co-founder of Hermitage Capital Management
- Shikhar Ghosh – Serial Entrepreneur, MBA Class of 1961 Senior Lecturer at Harvard Business School
- Jeff Bussgang - Serial Entrepreneur, Partner at Flybridge Capital, Lecturer at Harvard Business School
- John Paulson – Founder of Paulson & Co, a New York-based hedge fund
- Gary M. Reiner – SVP and CIO of General Electric
- George Barkley - Former CEO and investment banker
- Harold L. Sirkin – Author of several business books, including Payback: Reaping the Rewards of Innovation and GLOBALITY: Competing with Everyone from Everywhere for Everything
- Michael J. Silverstein – Author of several bestselling business books, including Trading Up: The New American Luxury and Treasure Hunt: Inside the Mind of the New Consumer
- John Ho – Former Asia chief of The Children's Investment Fund[16]
- Jan Koeppen – COO of News Corporation Europe and Asia[17]
- Peter Balnaves – CTO of CVS Caremark
- Mehmet Subasi – Founder & CEO of Vodaco
- Philip Hulme – Founder of Computacenter
- Ariane de Bonvoisin – Author of The First 30 Days: Your Guide to Any Change (And Loving Your Life More)
- Austin Ligon – Co-Founder, Retired CEO CarMax
- Pahala N. Mansury – EVP Coordinator Finance & Strategy and CFO, Bank Mandiri
Politics and public service[link]
- Benjamin Netanyahu – Prime Minister of Israel (1996–1999, 2009–Present)
- Mitt Romney – Governor of Massachusetts (2003–2007), CEO of the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, co-founder of Bain Capital, former CEO of Bain & Company
- Margaret Spellings – Secretary of Education under President George W. Bush
- Jeffrey Hunker – National Security Council member under President Bill Clinton and professor at Carnegie Mellon University
- Hans Wijers – Minister of Economic Affairs of the Netherlands (1994–1998), CEO of Akzo Nobel
- Ira Magaziner – Aide and policy advisor to President Clinton, CEO of SJS Advisors and co-founder of Brown University's open curriculum
- Peter Lampl – Founder and Chairman of Sutton Trust
- Alexander De Croo – Chairman of the Flemish Liberals and Democrats
- Steve Poizner – California Insurance Commissioner (2007–2011) and California businessman
- Laura Liswood – Co-founder and Secretary-General of the Council of Women World Leaders
- Mahlon Apgar, IV – international authority on housing, infrastructure, and real estate
- Natasha Tsukanova – Advisor to the Russian government on Energy M&A[18]
- Ken Hachikian – Chairman of the Armenian National Committee of America and Cambridge Heart, Inc.
- David Young – COO of World Vision International
Academia[link]
- Sally Blount – Dean, Northwestern University, Kellogg School of Management.
- Clayton Christensen – Professor, Harvard Business School. Best known for his study of innovation in commercial enterprises, particularly his theory of disruptive technology and co-founder of Innosight, a management consulting firm.
- Michael Chu – Senior Lecturer, Harvard Business School, Former partner Kohlberg Kravis Roberts, founding senior partner of Pegasus Capital Advisors, and co-founder and Managing Director of IGNIA.
- James Abegglen – former management and economics professor, the author and co-author of ten books on Japan, including the bestseller The Japanese Factory (1958), which introduced Japanese employment practices to America. Founder of BCG's Tokyo office.
- Jeffrey Hunker – Distinguished Service Professor of Technology and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University. Former Dean of Carnegie Mellon's Heinz College, and Founding Director of the US Department of Commerce's Critical Infrastructure Assurance Office
- Jeremy Davis – Former Dean and Professor, the Australian Graduate School of Management. Founder of BCG's Paris and Menlo Park offices.[19]
- Linda Bilmes – Professor, Harvard Kennedy School of Government
Others[link]
- John Legend – Grammy award winning musician
- Liu Yiting – Subject of the book Harvard Girl, a best-seller in China
- Alex Michel – Star of the Bachelor, Season One
- Alexander N. Rossolimo – Founding chairman of Center for Security and Social Progress, Inc.
- Carl Woebcken – German film producer
- Karan Bajaj – Author of the 2008 Indian best seller Keep Off the Grass
- Yibo Shao – Founder of IDG Capital Partners, founder of eBay Eachnet Co Ltd
External Links[link]
- Official website
- bcg.perspectives
- LinkedIn Company profile
- Global Facebook page
- bcg.perspectives Facebook page
- bcg.perspectives on Twitter
References[link]
- ^ "Vault.com". Vault.com. 2012-01-05. http://www.vault.com/wps/portal/usa/companies/company-profile?companyId=322&search_type=company. Retrieved 2012-02-11.
- ^ The other two are Wegmans and W. L. Gore & Associates. Company press release
- ^ Fortune magazine, "100 Best Companies To Work For, 2011"
- ^ "Consulting Magazine, "". Consultingmag.com. http://www.consultingmag.com/article/ART646235?C=vwYyWJTDVE7NlfT. Retrieved 2012-02-11.
- ^ About BCG: BCG.com
- ^ About BCG: BCG.com
- ^ The Product Portfolio, BCG, January 1970
- ^ The Experience Curve Reviewed BCG
- ^ Hax, Arnoldo C.; Majluf, Nicolas S. (October 1982). "Competitive cost dynamics: the experience curve". Interfaces 12 (5): 50–61. DOI:10.1287/inte.12.5.50.
- ^ Henderson, Bruce (1974, #149). "The Experience Curve Reviewed: V. Price Stability" ([PDF] Reprint). Perspectives (The Boston Consulting Group). http://www.bcg.com/publications/files/experiencecurveV.pdf. Retrieved March 24, 2007.
- ^ Chief Executive magazine. "CEO of the Year 2005."
- ^ Cohan, Peter. "Will Obama serve Sam Adams at this week's White House happy hour?." DailyFinance.com. July 28, 2009
- ^ VCgate. "Kayak.com Leading The Travel Search Engine Market." March 14, 2009
- ^ Business Wire. "Appointments Within LVMH's Watch & Jewellery Business Group." July 12, 2000
- ^ GMAC Financial Services press release. "New GMAC Board of Directors is Established." May 27, 2009
- ^ Yamazaki, Tomoko and Sato, Shigeru. "TCI Loses More Than Face as Japan Says No to Foreigners Playing." Bloomberg L.P.. July 29, 2009
- ^ Thomson Reuters. "News Corp appoints Jan Koeppen COO Europe and Asia." March 19, 2009
- ^ Hiralal, Baz. "J.P. Morgan banker exits to advise Russia on M&A?." TheDeal.com. May 15, 2009.
- ^ Byrt, William John. "Management Education: An International Survey"
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This article is about the capital of Massachusetts. For other uses, see Boston (disambiguation).
| Boston | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| — State Capital — | |||
| City of Boston | |||
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| Nickname(s): Beantown,[1] The Hub (of the Universe),[1] The Cradle of Liberty,[2] The Cradle of Modern America,[1] The Athens of America,[2] The Walking City[1] | |||
| Motto: Sicut patribus sit Deus nobis (Latin "As God was with our fathers, so may He be with us") | |||
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 Boston
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| Coordinates: 42°21′28″N 71°03′42″W / 42.35778°N 71.06167°W / 42.35778; -71.06167Coordinates: 42°21′28″N 71°03′42″W / 42.35778°N 71.06167°W / 42.35778; -71.06167 | |||
| Country | United States | ||
| State | Massachusetts | ||
| County | Suffolk | ||
| Settled | September 17, 1630 | ||
| Incorporated (city) | March 4, 1822 | ||
| Government | |||
| • Type | Strong mayor – council | ||
| • Mayor | Thomas M. Menino (D) | ||
| Area[3][4][5] | |||
| • State Capital | 89.63 sq mi (232.14 km2) | ||
| • Land | 48.43 sq mi (125.43 km2) | ||
| • Water | 41.21 sq mi (106.73 km2) | ||
| • Urban | 1,774 sq mi (4,595 km2) | ||
| • Metro | 4,511 sq mi (11,683 km2) | ||
| • CSA | 10,644 sq mi (27,568 km2) | ||
| Elevation | 141 ft (43 m) | ||
| Population [6][7][8][9] | |||
| • State Capital | 617,594 ('10 census) | ||
| • Density | 12,752/sq mi (4,924/km2) | ||
| • Urban | 4,032,484 ('00 census) | ||
| • Metro | 4,522,858 ('08 est.) | ||
| • CSA | 7,609,358 ('09 est.) | ||
| • Demonym | Bostonian | ||
| Time zone | EST (UTC-5) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | EDT (UTC-4) | ||
| ZIP code(s) |
53 total ZIP codes:[10]
|
||
| Area code(s) | 617 and 857 | ||
| FIPS code | 25-07000 | ||
| GNIS feature ID | 0617565 | ||
| Website | www.cityofboston.gov | ||
Boston (pronounced /ˈbɒstən/ or locally /ˈbɔstən/ ( listen)) is the capital of and largest city in Massachusetts,[11] and is one of the oldest cities in the United States. The largest city in New England, Boston is regarded as the unofficial "Capital of New England" for its economic and cultural impact on the entire New England region.[12] The city proper, covering only 48.43 square miles, had a population of 617,594 according to the 2010 U.S. Census.[6] Boston is also the anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area called Greater Boston, home to 4.5 million people and the tenth-largest metropolitan area in the country.[8] Greater Boston as a commuting region[13] is home to 7.6 million people, making it the fifth-largest Combined Statistical Area in the United States.[9][14]
In 1630, Puritan colonists from England founded the city on the Shawmut Peninsula.[15] During the late 18th century, Boston was the location of several major events during the American Revolution, including the Boston Massacre and the Boston Tea Party. Several early battles of the American Revolution, such as the Battle of Bunker Hill and the Siege of Boston, occurred within the city and surrounding areas. Through land reclamation and municipal annexation, Boston has expanded beyond the peninsula. After American independence was attained Boston became a major shipping port and manufacturing center,[15] and its rich history now helps attract many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone attracting over 20 million every year.[16] The city was the site of several firsts, including America's first public school, Boston Latin School (1635),[17] and the first subway system in the United States (1897).[18]
With many colleges and universities within the city and surrounding area, Boston is an international center of higher education and a center for medicine.[19] The city's economic base includes research, manufacturing, finance, and biotechnology.[20] As a result, the city is a leading finance center, ranking 12th in the Z/Yen top 20 Global Financial Centers.[21] The city was also ranked number one for innovation, both globally and in North America,[22] for a variety of reasons.[23][24] Boston has one of the highest costs of living in the United States,[25] though it remains high on world livability rankings, ranking third in the US and 36th globally.[26]
Contents |
History[link]
Main article: History of Boston
See also: Timeline of Boston history
Boston was founded on September 17, 1630, by Puritan colonists from England.[15] The Puritans of the Massachusetts Bay Colony are sometimes confused with the Pilgrims, who founded Plymouth Colony ten years earlier in what is today Bristol County, Plymouth County, and Barnstable County, Massachusetts. The two groups, which differed in religious practice, are historically distinct. The separate colonies were not united until the formation of the Province of Massachusetts Bay in 1691.
The Shawmut Peninsula was connected to the mainland by a narrow isthmus and was surrounded by the waters of Massachusetts Bay and the Back Bay, an estuary of the Charles River. Several prehistoric Native American archaeological sites that were excavated in the city have shown that the peninsula was inhabited as early as 5000 BC.[27] Boston's early European settlers first called the area Trimountaine, but later renamed the town after Boston in Lincolnshire, England, from which several prominent colonists had emigrated. Massachusetts Bay Colony's original governor, John Winthrop, gave a famous sermon entitled "A Model of Christian Charity", popularly known as the "City on a Hill" sermon, which espoused the idea that Boston had a special covenant with God. (Winthrop also led the signing of the Cambridge Agreement, which is regarded as a key founding document of the city.) Puritan ethics molded a stable and well-structured society in Boston. For example, shortly after Boston's settlement, Puritans founded America's first public school, Boston Latin School (1635),[17] and America's oldest school in continuous existence, Roxbury Latin School (1645). Over the next 130 years, Boston participated in four French and Indian Wars, until the British defeated the French and their native allies in North America. Boston was the largest town in British North America until Philadelphia grew larger in the mid 18th century.[28]
In the 1770s, British attempts to exert more-stringent control on the thirteen colonies—primarily via taxation—led to the American Revolution.[15] The Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, and several early battles—including the Battle of Lexington and Concord, the Battle of Bunker Hill, and the Siege of Boston—occurred in or near the city. During this period, Paul Revere made his famous midnight ride. After the Revolution, Boston had become one of the world's wealthiest international trading ports because of the city's consolidated seafaring tradition. Exports included rum, fish, salt, and tobacco.[29] During this era, descendants of old Boston families were regarded as the nation's social and cultural elites; they were later dubbed the Boston Brahmins.[30]
The Embargo Act of 1807, adopted during the Napoleonic Wars, and the War of 1812 significantly curtailed Boston's harbor activity. Although foreign trade returned after these hostilities, Boston's merchants had found alternatives for their capital investments in the interim. Manufacturing became an important component of the city's economy, and by the mid-19th century, the city's industrial manufacturing overtook international trade in economic importance. Until the early 20th century, Boston remained one of the nation's largest manufacturing centers and was notable for its garment production and leather-goods industries.[16] A network of small rivers bordering the city and connecting it to the surrounding region made for easy shipment of goods and led to a proliferation of mills and factories. Later, a dense network of railroads facilitated the region's industry and commerce. From the mid-19th to late 19th century, Boston flourished culturally. It became renowned for its rarefied literary culture and lavish artistic patronage.[31][32]
Boston also became a center of the abolitionist movement.[33] The city reacted strongly to the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850,[34] which contributed to President Franklin Pierce's attempt to make an example of Boston after the Burns Fugitive Slave Case.[35][36]
In 1822,[37] the citizens of Boston voted to change the official name from "the Town of Boston" to "the City of Boston", and on March 4, 1822, the people of Boston accepted the charter incorporating the City.[38] At the time Boston was chartered as a city, the population was about 46,226, while the area of the city was only 4.7 square miles (12 km2).[38] In the 1820s, Boston's population began to swell, and the city's ethnic composition changed dramatically with the first wave of European immigrants. Irish immigrants dominated the first wave of newcomers during this period, especially following the Irish potato famine. By 1850, about 35,000 Irish lived in Boston.[39] In the latter half of the 19th century, the city saw increasing numbers of Irish, Germans, Lebanese, Syrians,[40] French Canadians, and Russian and Polish Jews settle in the city. By the end of the 19th century, Boston's core neighborhoods had become enclaves of ethnically distinct immigrants—Italians inhabited the North End, Irish dominated South Boston and Charlestown, and Russian Jews lived in the West End. Irish and Italian immigrants brought with them Roman Catholicism. Currently, Catholics make up Boston's largest religious community,[41] and since the early 20th century, the Irish have played a major role in Boston politics—prominent figures include the Kennedys, Tip O'Neill, and John F. Fitzgerald.[30]
Between 1631 and 1890, the city tripled its physical size by land reclamation—by filling in marshes, mud flats, and gaps between wharves along the waterfront[42] —a process that Walter Muir Whitehill called "cutting down the hills to fill the coves". The largest reclamation efforts took place during the 19th century. Beginning in 1807, the crown of Beacon Hill was used to fill in a 50-acre (20 ha) mill pond that later became the Haymarket Square area. The present-day State House sits atop this lowered Beacon Hill. Reclamation projects in the middle of the century created significant parts of the South End, the West End, the Financial District, and Chinatown. After The Great Boston Fire of 1872, workers used building rubble as landfill along the downtown waterfront. During the mid-to-late 19th century, workers filled almost 600 acres (2.4 km2) of brackish Charles River marshlands west of Boston Common with gravel brought by rail from the hills of Needham Heights. Also, the city annexed the adjacent towns of South Boston (1804), East Boston (1836), Roxbury (1868), Dorchester (including present day Mattapan and a portion of South Boston) (1870), Brighton (including present day Allston) (1874), West Roxbury (including present day Jamaica Plain and Roslindale) (1874), Charlestown (1874), and Hyde Park (1912).[43][44] Other proposals, for the annexation of Brookline, Cambridge,[45] and Chelsea,[46][47] have been unsuccessful.
On January 15, 1919, in the North End neighborhood, a large molasses storage tank burst, and a wave of molasses rushed through the streets at an estimated 35 mph (56 km/h), killing 21 and injuring 150. The event has entered local folklore, known as The Boston Molasses Disaster.[48]
By the early and mid-20th century, the city was in decline as factories became old and obsolete, and businesses moved out of the region for cheaper labor elsewhere.[15] Boston responded by initiating various urban renewal projects under the direction of the Boston Redevelopment Authority (BRA), which was established in 1957. In 1958, BRA initiated a project to improve the historic West End neighborhood. Extensive demolition was met with vociferous public opposition.[49] BRA subsequently reevaluated its approach to urban renewal in its future projects, including the construction of Government Center. In 1965, the first Community Health Center in the United States opened, the Columbia Point Health Center, in the Dorchester neighborhood. It mostly served the massive Columbia Point public housing complex adjoining it, which was built in 1953. The health center is still in operation and was rededicated in 1990 as the Geiger-Gibson Community Health Center.[50]
By the 1970s, the city's economy boomed after 30 years of economic downturn. A large number of high rises were constructed in the Financial District and in Boston's Back Bay during this time period. This boom continued into the mid-1980s and later began again. Boston now has the second largest skyline in the Northeast (after New York) in terms of the number of buildings reaching a height of over 500 feet (150 m). Hospitals such as Massachusetts General Hospital, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Brigham and Women's Hospital lead the nation in medical innovation and patient care. Schools such as Boston University, the Harvard Medical School, Northeastern University, Wentworth Institute of Technology and Boston Conservatory attract students to the area. Nevertheless, the city experienced conflict starting in 1974 over desegregation busing, which resulted in unrest and violence around public schools throughout the mid-1970s. In 1984, the City of Boston gave control of the Columbia Point public housing complex to a private developer, who redeveloped and revitalized the property from its rundown and dangerous state into an attractive residential mixed-income community called Harbor Point Apartments, which opened in 1988 and was completed by 1990. It was the first federal housing project to be converted to private, mixed-income housing in the United States, and served as a model for the federal HUD HOPE VI public housing revitalization program that began in 1992.[51]
In the early 21st century, the city has become an intellectual, technological, and political center. It has, however, experienced a loss of regional institutions,[53] which included the acquisition of The Boston Globe by The New York Times, and the loss to mergers and acquisitions of local financial institutions such as FleetBoston Financial, which was acquired by Charlotte-based Bank of America in 2004. Boston-based department stores Jordan Marsh and Filene's have both been merged into the New York–based Macy's. Boston has also experienced gentrification in the latter half of the 20th century,[54] with housing prices increasing sharply since the 1990s.[25] Living expenses have risen, and Boston has one of the highest costs of living in the United States,[55] and was ranked the 99th most expensive major city in the world in a 2008 survey of 143 cities.[56] Despite cost of living issues, Boston ranks high on livability ratings, ranking 36th worldwide in quality of living in 2011 in a survey of 221 major cities.[57]
Geography[link]
Owing to its early founding, Boston is very compact. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 89.6 square miles (232.1 km2)—48.4 square miles (125.4 km2) (54.0%) of land and 41.2 square miles (106.7 km2) (46.0%) of water. Boston is the country's third most densely populated city that is not a part of a larger city's metropolitan area.[58] This is largely attributable to the rarity of annexation by New England towns. Boston is surrounded by the "Greater Boston" region and is bordered by the cities and towns of Winthrop, Revere, Chelsea, Everett, Somerville, Cambridge, Watertown, Newton, Brookline, Needham, Dedham, Canton, Milton, and Quincy. The Charles River separates Boston proper from Cambridge, Watertown, and the neighborhood of Charlestown. To the east lies Boston Harbor and the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area (BHINRA). This includes part of the city's territory, specifically Calf Island, Gallops Island, Great Brewster Island, Green Island, Little Brewster Island, Little Calf Island, Long Island, Lovells Island, Middle Brewster Island, Nixes Mate, Outer Brewster Island, Rainsford Island, Shag Rocks, Spectacle Island, The Graves, and Thompson Island. The Neponset River forms the boundary between Boston's southern neighborhoods and the city of Quincy and the town of Milton.[59] The Mystic River separates Charlestown from Chelsea and Everett, and Chelsea Creek and Boston Harbor separate East Boston from Boston proper.[60] Boston's official elevation, as measured at Logan International Airport, is 19 ft (5.8 m) above sea level.[61] The highest point in Boston is Bellevue Hill at 330 ft (101 m) above sea level, and the lowest point is at sea level.[62] Boston is the only state capital in the contiguous United States with an ocean coastline.
Much of the Back Bay and South End neighborhoods are built on reclaimed land—all of the earth from two of Boston's three original hills, the "Trimountain", was used as landfill material. Pemberton Hill, which would become Pemberton Square in the Government Center neighborhood, and Mount Vernon, were leveled completely. Only Beacon Hill—the smallest of the three original hills—remains partially intact; only half of its height was cut down for landfill. Tremont Street is named after the three hills. The downtown area and immediate surroundings consist mostly of low-rise brick or stone buildings, with many older buildings in the Federal style. Several of these buildings mix in with modern high-rises, notably in the Financial District, Government Center, the South Boston waterfront, and Back Bay, which includes many prominent landmarks such as the Boston Public Library, Christian Science Center, Copley Square, Newbury Street, and New England's two tallest buildings—the John Hancock Tower and the Prudential Center.[63]
Near the John Hancock Tower is the old John Hancock Building with its prominent weather forecast beacon—the color of the illuminated light gives an indication of weather to come: "steady blue, clear view; flashing blue, clouds are due; steady red, rain ahead; flashing red, snow instead". (In the summer, flashing red indicates instead that a Red Sox game has been rained out.) Smaller commercial areas are interspersed among single-family homes and wooden/brick multi-family row houses. Currently, the South End Historic District remains the largest surviving contiguous Victorian-era neighborhood in the U.S.[64] Along with downtown, the geography of South Boston was particularly impacted by the Central Artery/Tunnel (CA/T) Project (or the "Big Dig"). The unstable reclaimed land in South Boston posed special problems for the project's tunnels. In the downtown area, the CA/T Project allowed for the removal of the unsightly elevated Central Artery and the incorporation of new green spaces and open areas.
Boston Common, located near the Financial District and Beacon Hill, is the oldest public park in the United States.[66] Along with the adjacent Boston Public Garden, it is part of the Emerald Necklace, a string of parks designed by Frederick Law Olmsted to encircle the city. Jamaica Pond, part of the Emerald Necklace, is the largest body of freshwater in the city. Franklin Park, which is also part of the Emerald Necklace, is the city's largest park and houses the Franklin Park Zoo.[67] Another major park is the Esplanade, located along the banks of the Charles River. The Hatch Shell, an outdoor concert venue, is located adjacent to the Charles River Esplanade. Other parks are scattered throughout the city, with the major parks and beaches located near Castle Island (not part of the BHINRA, and now connected to the mainland); in Charlestown; and along the Dorchester, South Boston, and East Boston shorelines.
Neighborhoods[link]
Main article: Neighborhoods in Boston
Boston is sometimes called a "city of neighborhoods" because of the profusion of diverse subsections. There are 21 official neighborhoods in Boston used by the city.[68] These neighborhoods include: Allston/Brighton, Back Bay, Bay Village, Beacon Hill, Charlestown, Chinatown/Leather District, Dorchester, Downtown/Financial District, East Boston, Fenway/Kenmore, Hyde Park, Jamaica Plain, Mattapan, Mission Hill, North End, Roslindale, Roxbury, South Boston, South End, West End, and West Roxbury.
Climate[link]
Boston has a climate that is continental in nature but with maritime influences owing to its coastal location, a phenomenon common to coastal southern New England. The climate is either classified as a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), using the −3 °C (26.6 °F) isotherm of the original Köppen scheme, or a humid continental climate (Köppen 'Dfa), using the 0 °C (32 °F) isotherm preferred by some climatologists.
Summers are typically warm, rainy, and humid, while winters are cold, windy, and snowy. Spring and fall are usually mild, but conditions are widely varied, depending on wind direction and jet stream positioning. Prevailing wind patterns that blow offshore affect Boston, minimizing the influence of the Atlantic Ocean.
The hottest month is July, with a mean temperature of 73.9 °F (23.3 °C). The coldest month is January, with a mean of 29.3 °F (−1.5 °C). Periods exceeding 90 °F (32 °C) in summer and below 10 °F (−12 °C) in winter are not uncommon but rarely extended, with about 13 days per year seeing the former extreme,[69] and the most recent subzero reading occurring on January 24, 2011.[70] Extremes have ranged from −18 to 104 °F (-28 to 40 °C), recorded on February 9, 1934 and July 4, 1911, respectively.[70]
Boston's coastal location on the North Atlantic, although it moderates temperatures, also makes the city very prone to Nor'easter weather systems that can produce much snow and rain.[71] The city averages 42.5 inches (1,080 mm) of precipitation a year, with 41.8 inches (106 cm) of snowfall a year. Snowfall increases dramatically as one goes inland away from the city (especially north and west of the city)—away from the warming influence of the ocean.[72] Most snowfall occurs from December through March. There is usually little or no snow in April and November, and snow is rare in May and October.[73][74]
Fog is prevalent, particularly in spring and early summer, and the occasional tropical storm or hurricane can threaten the region, especially in early autumn. Due to its situation along the North Atlantic, the city is often subjected to sea breezes, especially in the late spring, when water temperatures are still quite cold and temperatures at the coast can be more than 20 °F (11 °C) colder than a few miles inland, sometimes dropping by that amount near midday.[75][76] From May to September, the city experiences thunderstorms that are occasionally severe; large hail, damaging winds and heavy downpours accompany such severe events. Although downtown Boston has never been struck by a violent tornado, the city itself has seen its fair share of tornado warnings, but damaging storms are more common to areas north, west, and northwest of the city.
| Climate data for Boston (1981-2010 normals) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 72 (22) |
70 (21) |
89 (32) |
94 (34) |
97 (36) |
100 (38) |
104 (40) |
102 (39) |
102 (39) |
90 (32) |
83 (28) |
76 (24) |
104 (40) |
| Average high °F (°C) | 36.3 (2.4) |
39.2 (4.0) |
45.9 (7.7) |
56.1 (13.4) |
66.4 (19.1) |
76.4 (24.7) |
81.8 (27.7) |
80.1 (26.7) |
72.8 (22.7) |
61.9 (16.6) |
52.0 (11.1) |
41.7 (5.4) |
59.22 (15.12) |
| Average low °F (°C) | 22.3 (−5.4) |
24.8 (−4.0) |
31.2 (−0.4) |
40.7 (4.8) |
50.0 (10.0) |
59.6 (15.3) |
65.5 (18.6) |
64.7 (18.2) |
57.5 (14.2) |
46.6 (8.1) |
38.1 (3.4) |
28.3 (−2.1) |
44.11 (6.73) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −13 (−25) |
−18 (−28) |
−8 (−22) |
13 (−11) |
31 (−1) |
41 (5) |
50 (10) |
46 (8) |
34 (1) |
25 (−4) |
−2 (−19) |
−17 (−27) |
−18 (−28) |
| Precipitation inches (mm) | 3.36 (85.3) |
3.25 (82.6) |
4.32 (109.7) |
3.74 (95) |
3.48 (88.4) |
3.68 (93.5) |
3.43 (87.1) |
3.29 (83.6) |
3.44 (87.4) |
3.94 (100.1) |
3.99 (101.3) |
3.78 (96) |
43.7 (1,110) |
| Snowfall inches (cm) | 14.0 (35.6) |
11.3 (28.7) |
7.8 (19.8) |
1.9 (4.8) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
1.3 (3.3) |
8.8 (22.4) |
45.1 (114.6) |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 11.3 | 9.8 | 11.6 | 11.2 | 12.0 | 10.8 | 9.6 | 9.4 | 8.6 | 9.4 | 10.6 | 11.6 | 125.9 |
| Avg. snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 6.8 | 5.3 | 4.2 | .8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | .1 | .8 | 4.6 | 22.6 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 164.3 | 169.5 | 213.9 | 228.0 | 266.6 | 288.0 | 300.7 | 275.9 | 237.0 | 207.7 | 144.0 | 142.6 | 2,638.2 |
| Source: NOAA [77] HKO (sun, 1961–1990),[78] ThreadEx (records, 1872–2009)[70] | |||||||||||||
Demographics[link]
| Historical populations | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1722 | 10,567 | — |
| 1765 | 15,520 | +46.9% |
| 1790 | 18,320 | +18.0% |
| 1800 | 24,937 | +36.1% |
| 1810 | 33,787 | +35.5% |
| 1820 | 43,298 | +28.1% |
| 1830 | 61,392 | +41.8% |
| 1840 | 93,383 | +52.1% |
| 1850 | 136,881 | +46.6% |
| 1860 | 177,840 | +29.9% |
| 1870 | 250,526 | +40.9% |
| 1880 | 362,839 | +44.8% |
| 1890 | 448,477 | +23.6% |
| 1900 | 560,892 | +25.1% |
| 1910 | 670,585 | +19.6% |
| 1920 | 748,060 | +11.6% |
| 1930 | 781,188 | +4.4% |
| 1940 | 770,816 | −1.3% |
| 1950 | 801,444 | +4.0% |
| 1960 | 697,197 | −13.0% |
| 1970 | 641,071 | −8.1% |
| 1980 | 562,994 | −12.2% |
| 1990 | 574,283 | +2.0% |
| 2000 | 589,141 | +2.6% |
| 2010 | 617,594 | +4.8% |
| * = population estimate. Source: United States Census records and Population Estimates Program data.[79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89] |
||
According to the 2000 United States Census,[90] there were 589,141 people, 239,528 households, and 115,212 families residing in the city. When including the Greater Boston region, rather than just the city itself, the total is approximately 4.5 million. Boston's population density was 12,166 people per square mile (4,697/km2). There were 251,935 housing units at an average density of 5,203 per square mile (2,009/km2). The 2010 U.S. Census population count for the city was 617,594,[6] a 4.8% increase over 2000. During weekdays, the population of Boston can grow during the daytime to over 1.2 million, and can reach as many as 2 million during special events. This fluctuation of people is caused by hundreds of thousands of suburban residents who travel to the city for work, education, health care, and special events.[91]
In the city, the population was spread out with 19.8% under the age of 18, 16.2% from 18 to 24, 35.8% from 25 to 44, 17.8% from 45 to 64, and 10.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.2 males.[92] There were 239,528 households, of which 22.7% had children under the age of 18 living in them, 27.4% were married couples living together, 16.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 51.9% were non-families. 37.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 3.17.[92]
The median income for a household in the city was $39,629, and the median income for a family was $44,151. Males had a median income of $37,435 versus $32,421 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,353. 19.5% of the population and 15.3% of families are below the poverty line. Of the total population, 25.6% of those under the age of 18 and 18.2% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.[93]
In 1950, whites represented 94.7% of Boston's population.[94] From the 1950s to the end of the 20th century, the proportion of non-Hispanic whites in the city declined; in 2000, non-Hispanic whites made up 49.5% of the city's population, making the city majority-minority for the first time. However, in recent years the city has experienced significant gentrification, in which affluent whites have moved into formerly non-white areas. Meanwhile, the city's black population has decreased. In 2006, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated that non-Hispanic whites again formed a slight majority. But as of 2010, in part due to the housing crash, as well as increased efforts to make more affordable housing more available the minority population has rebounded. This may also have to do with an increased Latino population and more clarity surrounding U.S. Census statistics, which indicate a Non-Hispanic White population of 47 percent (some reports give slightly lower figures).[95][96][97]
According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the racial composition of Boston was as follows:[98]
- White: 53.9% (Non-Hispanic Whites: 47.0%)
- Black or African American: 22.4%
- Native American: 0.2%
- Asian: 8.9%
- Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander: 0.0%
- Some other race: 1.6%
- Two or more races: 2.4%
- Hispanic or Latino (of any race): 17.5%
People of Irish descent form the largest single ethnic group in the city, making up 15.8% of the population, followed by Italians, accounting for 8.3% of the population. People of West Indian ancestry are another sizable group, at 6.4%,[99] about half of whom are of Haitian ancestry. Some neighborhoods, such as Dorchester, have received an influx of people of Vietnamese ancestry in recent decades. Neighborhoods such as Jamaica Plain and Roslindale have experienced a growing number of Dominican Americans. The city and greater area also has a large immigration population of South Asians, including the tenth-largest Indian community in the country, with an estimated 62,598 Indians.[100]
The city also has a sizable Jewish population with an estimated 25,000 Jews within the city and 227,000 within the Boston metro area; the number of congregations in Boston is estimated at 22.[101][102] The adjacent communities of Brookline and Newton are both approximately one-third Jewish.[101]
Accent[link]
Main article: Boston accent
The "Boston accent" is widely parodied in the U.S. and the Kennedy family is often associated with it, though the Kennedys' speech is generally considered more an idiosyncratic mix of various accents such as Boston Brahman.[103][104][105] It is non-rhotic (i.e., drops the "r" sound at the end of syllables unless the next syllable starts with a vowel) and traditionally uses a "broad a" in certain words, so "bath" can sound like "bahth".[106] Boston English has many dialect words, such as "frappe", meaning "milkshake made with ice cream" (as opposed to other milkshakes).[107] The accent originated in the non-rhotic speech of 17th century East Anglia and Lincolnshire.[108]
Crime[link]
The city has seen a great reduction in violent crime since the early 1990s. Boston's low crime rate over the past decade or so has been credited to the Boston Police Department's collaboration with neighborhood groups and church parishes to prevent youths from joining gangs, as well as involvement from the United States Attorney and District Attorney's offices. This helped lead in part to what has been touted as the "Boston Miracle". Murders in the city dropped from 152 in 1990 (for a murder rate of 26.5 per 100,000 people) to just 31—not one of them a juvenile—in 1999 (for a murder rate of 5.26 per 100,000).[109]
In the 2000s (decade), however, the annual murder count has fluctuated by as much as 50% compared with the year before, with 60 murders in 2002, followed by just 39 in 2003, 64 in 2004, and 75 in 2005. Although the figures are nowhere near the high-water mark set in 1990, the aberrations in the murder rate have been unsettling for many Bostonians and have prompted discussion over whether the Boston Police Department should reevaluate its approach to fighting crime.[109][110][111]
Economy[link]
See also: Major companies in Greater Boston
Encompassing $363 billion, the Greater Boston metropolitan area has the sixth-largest economy in the country and 12th-largest in the world.[113]
Boston's colleges and universities have a significant effect on the regional economy, with students contributing an estimated $4.8 billion annually to the city's economy.[114] Boston's schools are major employers and attract industries to the city and surrounding region. Boston is home to a number of technology companies and is a hub for biotechnology, with the Milken Institute rating Boston as the top life sciences cluster in the country.[115] Boston also receives the highest absolute amount of annual funding from the National Institutes of Health of all cities in the United States.[116]
Tourism comprises a large part of Boston's economy. In 2004, tourists spent $7.9 billion and made the city one of the ten-most-popular tourist locations in the country.[16] Because of Boston's status as a state capital and the regional home of federal agencies, law and government are another major component of the city's economy.[16] The city is also a major seaport along the United States' East Coast and is also the oldest continuously operated industrial and fishing port in the Western Hemisphere.[117]
Some of the other important industries are financial services, especially mutual funds and insurance.[16] Boston-based Fidelity Investments helped popularize the mutual fund in the 1980s and has made Boston one of the top financial cities in the United States. The city is home to the regional headquarters of Bank of America and Sovereign Bank, and it is a center for venture capital firms. State Street Corporation, which specializes in asset management and custody services, is based in the city. A 2008 study ranked Boston among the top 10 cities in the world for a career in finance.[118] Boston is a printing and publishing center — Houghton Mifflin is headquartered within the city, along with Bedford-St. Martin's Press, Beacon Press, and Little, Brown and Company. Pearson PLC publishing units also employ several hundred people in Boston. The city is home to three major convention centers—the Hynes Convention Center in the Back Bay, and the Seaport World Trade Center and Boston Convention and Exhibition Center on the South Boston waterfront.
Some of the major companies headquartered within the city are the Liberty Mutual insurance company, Gillette (now owned by Procter & Gamble), and New Balance. Boston is also home to management consulting firms The Boston Consulting Group and Bain & Company, as well as the private equity group Bain Capital.[119] Other major companies are located outside the city, especially along Route 128,[120] which serves as the center of the region's high-tech industry. In 2006, Boston and its metropolitan area ranked as the fourth-largest cybercity in the United States with 191,700 high-tech jobs. Only NYC Metro, DC Metro, and Silicon Valley have larger high-tech sectors.[121]
Boston is classified as an "incipient global city" by a 2004 study group at Loughborough University in England.[122] Classified as an Alpha-global city by GaWC studies, comparable to Vienna, Dublin, or Istanbul, Boston is placed among the top 30 cities in the world.[citation needed]
Culture[link]
Main article: Culture in Boston
See also: Annual events in Boston, List of arts organizations in Boston, and Sites of interest in Boston
Boston shares many cultural roots with greater New England, including a dialect of the non-rhotic Eastern New England accent known as Boston English, and a regional cuisine with a large emphasis on seafood, salt, and dairy products. Irish Americans are a major influence on Boston's politics and religious institutions. Boston also has its own collection of neologisms known as Boston slang.[123]
The city has a number of ornate theatres, including the Cutler Majestic Theatre, Boston Opera House, Citi Performing Arts Center, the Colonial Theater, and the Orpheum Theatre. Renowned performing-arts organizations include the Boston Symphony Orchestra, Boston Ballet, Boston Early Music Festival, Boston Lyric Opera Company, OperaBoston, and the Handel and Haydn Society (one of the oldest choral companies in the United States).[125] The city is also a major center for contemporary classical music, with a number of performing groups, some of which are associated with the city's conservatories and universities. There are also many major annual events such as First Night, which occurs on New Year's Eve, the annual Boston Arts Festival at Christopher Columbus Waterfront Park, Italian summer feasts in the North End honoring Catholic saints, and several events during the Fourth of July period. These events include the week-long Harborfest festivities[126] and a Boston Pops concert accompanied by fireworks on the banks of the Charles River.[127]
Because of the city's prominent role in the American Revolution, several historic sites relating to that period are preserved as part of the Boston National Historical Park. Many are found along the Freedom Trail, which is marked by a red line of bricks embedded in the ground. The city is also home to several prominent art museums, including the Museum of Fine Arts and the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum. In December 2006, the Institute of Contemporary Art moved from its Back Bay location to a new contemporary building designed by Diller Scofidio + Renfro located in the Seaport District. The University of Massachusetts campus at Columbia Point houses the John F. Kennedy Library. The Boston Athenaeum (one of the oldest independent libraries in the United States),[128] Boston Children's Museum, Bull & Finch Pub (whose building is known from the television show Cheers), Museum of Science, and the New England Aquarium are within the city.
File:Quincy Market, Boston, USA.jpg
Quincy Market, part of the larger Faneuil Hall festival marketplace
Boston is also one of the birthplaces of the hardcore punk genre of music. Boston musicians have contributed significantly to this music scene over the years (see also Boston hardcore). Boston neighborhoods were home to one of the leading local third wave ska and ska punk scenes in the 1990s, led by bands such as The Mighty Mighty Bosstones and The Allstonians. The 1980s' hardcore punk-rock compilation This Is Boston, Not L.A. highlights some of the bands that built the genre. Several nightclubs, such as The Channel, Bunnratty's in Allston, and The Rathskeller, were renowned for showcasing both local punk-rock bands and those from farther afield. All of these clubs are now closed. Many were razed or converted during recent gentrification.[129]
Boston has been a noted religious center from its earliest days. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston serves nearly 300 parishes and is based in the Cathedral of the Holy Cross (1875) in the South End, while the Episcopal Diocese of Massachusetts, with the Cathedral Church of St. Paul (1819) as its episcopal seat, serves just under 200 congregations. Two Protestant faiths are headquartered in Boston: Unitarian Universalism, with its headquarters on Beacon Hill, and the Christian Scientists, headquartered in Back Bay at the Mother Church (1894). The oldest church in Boston is King's Chapel, the city's first Anglican church, founded in 1686 and converted to Unitarianism in 1785. Other notable churches include Christ Church (better known as Old North Church, 1723), the oldest church building in the city, Trinity Church (1733), Park Street Church (1809), First Church in Boston (congregation founded 1630, building raised 1868), Old South Church (1874), and Basilica and Shrine of Our Lady of Perpetual Help on Mission Hill (1878).
Media[link]
Main article: Media in Boston
The Boston Globe (owned by The New York Times Company) and the Boston Herald are two of Boston's major daily newspapers. The city is also served by other publications such as The Boston Phoenix, Boston magazine, The Improper Bostonian, Boston's Weekly Dig, and the Boston edition of Metro. The Christian Science Monitor, headquartered in Boston, was formerly a worldwide daily newspaper but ended publication of daily print editions in 2009, switching to continuous online and weekly magazine format publications.[130] The Boston Globe also releases a teen publication to the city's public high schools. The newspaper Teens in Print or T.i.P. is written by the city's teens and delivered quarterly within the school year.[131]
The city's growing Latino population has given rise to a number of local and regional Spanish-language newspapers. These include El Planeta (owned by The Boston Phoenix), El Mundo, and La Semana. Siglo21, with its main offices in nearby Lawrence, is also widely distributed.
Boston has the largest broadcasting market in New England, with the Boston radio market being the eleventh largest in the United States.[132] Several major AM stations include talk radio WRKO 680 AM, sports/talk station WEEI 850 AM, and news radio WBZ 1030 AM. A variety of FM radio formats serve the area, as do NPR stations WBUR and WGBH. College and university radio stations include WERS (Emerson), WHRB (Harvard), WUMB (UMass Boston), WMBR (M.I.T.), WZBC (Boston College), WMFO (Tufts University), WBRS (Brandeis University), WTBU (Boston University, campus and web only), WRBB (Northeastern University) and WMLN (Curry College).
The Boston television DMA, which also includes Manchester, New Hampshire, is the seventh largest in the United States.[133] The city is served by stations representing every major American network, including WBZ 4 and its sister station WSBK 38 (the former with CBS, the latter an independent, nonaffiliated station), WCVB 5 (ABC), WHDH 7 (NBC), WFXT 25 (Fox), WUNI 27 (Univision), WBIN 50 (MyNetworkTV), and WLVI 56 (The CW). Boston is also home to PBS station WGBH 2, a major producer of PBS programs, which also operates WGBX 44. Most Boston television stations have their transmitters in nearby Needham and Newton along the Route 128 corridor.[134]
Sports[link]
Main article: Sports in Boston
Boston has teams in the four major North American professional sports leagues, and has won 33 championships in these leagues, as of 2011.[135]
The Boston Red Sox, a founding member of the American League of Major League Baseball in 1901, play their home games at Fenway Park, near Kenmore Square in the Fenway section of Boston. Built in 1912, it is the oldest sports arena or stadium in active use in the United States among the four major professional American sports leagues, encompassing Major League Baseball, the National Football League, National Basketball Association, and the National Hockey League.[136] Boston was also the site of the first game of the first modern World Series, in 1903. The series was played between the AL Champion Boston Americans and the NL champion Pittsburgh Pirates.[137][138] Persistent reports that the team was known in 1903 as the "Boston Pilgrims" appear to be unfounded.[139] Boston's first professional baseball team was the Red Stockings, one of the charter members of the National Association in 1871, and of the National League in 1876. The team played under that name until 1883, under the name Beaneaters until 1911, and under the name Braves from 1912 until they moved to Milwaukee after the 1952 season. Since 1966 they have played in Atlanta as the Atlanta Braves.[140]
The TD Garden formerly called the FleetCenter and originally called the Boston Garden is adjoined to North Station and is the home of three major league teams: the Boston Blazers of the National Lacrosse League, the 2011 Stanley Cup champion Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League; and the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association. The arena seats 18,624 for basketball games and 17,565 for ice hockey games. The Bruins were the first American member of the National Hockey League and an Original Six franchise.[141] The Boston Celtics were founding members of the Basketball Association of America, one of the two leagues that merged to form the NBA.[142] The Celtics have the distinction of having won more championships than any other NBA team, with seventeen.[143]
While they have played in suburban Foxborough since 1971, the New England Patriots were founded in 1960 as the Boston Patriots, changing their name in 1971 to better reflect its status as New England's team. A charter member of the American Football League, the team joined the National Football League in 1970. The team has won the Super Bowl three times, in 2001, 2003, and 2004.[144] They share Gillette Stadium with the New England Revolution of Major League Soccer. The Boston Breakers of Women's Professional Soccer, which formed in 2009, play their home games at Harvard Stadium in Allston.[145]
Boston's many colleges and universities are active in college athletics. Four NCAA Division I members play their games in the city—Boston College (Atlantic Coast Conference), Boston University (America East Conference), Harvard University (Ivy League), and Northeastern University (Colonial Athletic Association). Of the four, only Boston College participates in college football at the highest level, the Football Bowl Subdivision. Harvard participates in the second-highest level, the Football Championship Subdivision. Boston University and Northeastern University do not have football teams. All but Harvard belong to the Hockey East conference; Harvard belongs to the ECAC in hockey. The hockey teams of these four universities meet every year in a four-team tournament known as the "Beanpot Tournament", which is played at the TD Garden over two Monday nights in February.[146]
One of the best known sporting events in the city is the Boston Marathon, the 42.195-kilometre (26.219 mi) run from Hopkinton to Copley Square in the Back Bay which is the world's oldest annual marathon run.[147] It is run on Patriots' Day in April and always coincides with a Red Sox home baseball game that starts at 11:05 am, the only MLB game all year to start before noon local time.[148] Another major event held annually in the city is the Head of the Charles Regatta rowing competition on the Charles River.[149]
| Club | League | Sport | Venue | Established | Championships |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boston Bruins | NHL | Hockey | TD Garden | 1924 | 6 Stanley Cups |
| Boston Celtics | NBA | Basketball | TD Garden | 1946 | 17 NBA Titles |
| Boston Red Sox | MLB | Baseball | Fenway Park | 1901 | 7 World Series Titles 12 AL Pennants |
| New England Patriots | NFL | Football | Gillette Stadium | 1960 | 3 Super Bowl Titles 7 AFC Championships |
| New England Revolution | MLS | Soccer | Gillette Stadium | 1995 | 1 U.S. Open Cup 1 Superliga |
| Boston Blazers | NLL | Lacrosse (Indoor) | TD Garden | 2008 | None |
| Boston Breakers | WPS | Soccer | Harvard Stadium | 2001 | None |
| Boston Cannons | MLL | Lacrosse (Outdoor) | Harvard Stadium | 2001 | 1 Steinfeld Cup |
| Boston Aztec | WPSL | Soccer | Amesbury Sports Park | 2005 | 1 WPSL Title |
| Boston Demons | USAFL | Australian Rules Football | Ipswich River Park | 1997 | 2 National Championships |
| Boston Militia | WFA | Football | Dilboy Stadium | 2008 | 2 Championships |
| New England Riptide | NPF | Softball | Martin Softball Field | 2004 | 1 Cowles Cup |
Government[link]
See also: Boston City Hall, Boston Emergency Medical Services, Boston Finance Commission, Boston Fire Department, List of mayors of Boston, and List of members of Boston City Council
Boston has a strong mayor – council government system in which the mayor is vested with extensive executive powers. The mayor is elected to a four-year term by plurality voting. The current mayor of Boston is Thomas Menino. He was elected in 1993 and was reelected in 2009 for a fifth term, the longest in Boston history. Boston City Council is elected every two years. There are nine district seats, each elected by the residents of that district through plurality voting, and four at-large seats. Each voter casts up to four votes for at-large councilors, with no more than one vote per candidate. The candidates with the four highest vote totals are elected. The president of the city council is elected by the councilors from within themselves. The school committee for the Boston Public Schools is appointed by the mayor.[150] The Boston Redevelopment Authority and the Zoning Board of Appeals (a seven-person body appointed by the mayor) share responsibility for land-use planning.[151]
In addition to city government, numerous commissions and state authorities—including the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation, the Boston Public Health Commission, and the Massachusetts Port Authority (Massport)—play a role in the life of Bostonians. As the capital of Massachusetts, Boston plays a major role in state politics. The city has several properties relating to the United States federal government, including the John F. Kennedy Federal Office Building and the Thomas P. O'Neill Federal Building.[152] Boston also serves as the home of the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit and of the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts; Boston is the headquarters of the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston (the First District of the Federal Reserve).
Federally, Boston is part of Massachusetts's 8th and 9th congressional districts,[153] represented respectively by Mike Capuano, elected in 1998, and Stephen Lynch, elected in 2001; both are Democrats. The state's senior member of the United States Senate is Democrat John Kerry, elected in 1984. The state's junior member of the United States Senate is Republican Scott Brown was elected in 2010 to fill the vacancy caused by the death of long-time Democratic senator Ted Kennedy.
| Voter Registration and Party Enrollment as of October 15, 2008[154] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Number of Voters | Percentage | |||
| Democratic | 209,710 | 55.04% | |||
| Republican | 27,541 | 7.23% | |||
| Unaffiliated | 140,601 | 36.90% | |||
| Minor Parties | 3,161 | 0.83% | |||
| Total | 381,013 | 100% | |||
Education[link]
Boston's reputation as a higher education center derives in large part from the teaching and research activities of more than 100 colleges and universities located in the Greater Boston Area, with more than 250,000 students attending college in Boston and Cambridge alone.[155] Within the city, Boston University exudes a large presence as the city's fourth-largest employer,[156] and maintains a campus along the Charles River on Commonwealth Avenue and its medical campus in the South End. Northeastern University, another large private university, is located in the Fenway area, and is particularly known for its Engineering, Business and Health Science schools and cooperative education program. Suffolk University, the third largest university in Boston, is located in the Beacon Hill area, and is known for its law school and business school.[157][158] Boston College, a private Catholic Jesuit university, whose original campus was located in the South End, now straddles the Boston (Brighton)-Newton border, with planned expansions further into Brighton.[159] Boston's only public university is the University of Massachusetts Boston, located on Columbia Point in Dorchester. Roxbury Community College and Bunker Hill Community College are the city's two public community colleges.
Boston has several smaller private colleges and universities. Emmanuel College, Massachusetts College of Art and Design, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Simmons College, Wheelock College, and Wentworth Institute of Technology are founding members of the Colleges of the Fenway and are located adjacent to Northeastern University. New England School of Law, a small private law school located in the theater district, was originally established as America's first all female law school.[160] Emerson College, a small private college with a strong reputation in the fields of performing arts, journalism, writing, and film, is located near Boston Common.
Boston is also home to several conservatories and art schools, including The Art Institute of Boston (Lesley University), Massachusetts College of Art, New England Institute of Art, New England School of Art and Design (Suffolk University), and the New England Conservatory (the oldest independent conservatory in the United States).[161] Other conservatories include the Boston Conservatory, the School of the Museum of Fine Arts and Berklee College of Music.
Several universities located outside Boston have a major presence in the city. Harvard University, the nation's oldest, is located across the Charles River in Cambridge. Its business and medical schools are in Boston, and there are plans for additional expansion into Boston's Allston neighborhood.[162] The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), which originated in Boston and was long known as "Boston Tech", moved across the river to Cambridge in 1916. Tufts University administers its medical and dental school adjacent to the Tufts Medical Center, a 451-bed academic medical institution that is home to both a full-service hospital for adults and the Floating Hospital for Children. Tufts' main campus, including the renowned Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, is located just north of the city in Somerville and Medford.
Boston Public Schools, the oldest public school system in the U.S., enrolls 57,000 students from pre-kindergarten to grade 12.[17] The system operates 145 schools, which includes Boston Latin School (the oldest public school in the United States, established in 1635) which, along with Boston Latin Academy and John D. O'Bryant School of Math & Science, are highly prestigious public exam schools admitting students in the 7th and 9th grades only and serving grades 7–12), English High (the oldest public high school, established 1821), and the Mather School (the oldest public elementary school, established in 1639).[17] In 2002, Forbes Magazine ranked the Boston Public Schools as the best large city school system in the country, with a graduation rate of 82%.[163] In 2005, the student population within the school system was 45.5% Black or African American, 31.2% Hispanic or Latino, 14% White, and 9% Asian, as compared with 24%, 14%, 49%, and 8% respectively for the city as a whole.[164][165] The city also has private, parochial, and charter schools and approximately 3000 students of racial minorities attend participating suburban schools through the Metropolitan Educational Opportunity Council, or METCO.
Healthcare[link]
See also: List of hospitals in Boston
The Longwood Medical and Academic Area is a region of Boston with a concentration of medical and research facilities, including Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Children's Hospital Boston, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, and Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences.[166] Massachusetts General Hospital is near the Beacon Hill neighborhood, with the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital nearby. St. Elizabeth's Medical Center is in Brighton Center of Boston's Brighton neighborhood. New England Baptist Hospital is in Mission Hill. Boston has Veterans Affairs medical centers in the Jamaica Plain and West Roxbury neighborhoods.[167] The Boston Public Health Commission, an agency of the Massachusetts government, oversees health concerns for Boston residents.[168]
Many of Boston's medical facilities are associated with universities. The facilities in the Longwood Medical and Academic Area and in Massachusetts General Hospital are well-known research medical centers affiliated with Harvard Medical School.[169] Tufts Medical Center (formerly Tufts-New England Medical Center), located in the southern portion of the Chinatown neighborhood, is affiliated with Tufts University School of Medicine. Boston Medical Center, located in the South End neighborhood, is the primary teaching facility for the Boston University School of Medicine as well as the largest trauma center in the Boston area;[170] it was formed by the merger of Boston University Hospital and Boston City Hospital, which was the first municipal hospital in the United States.[171]
Utilities[link]
Water supply and sewage-disposal services are provided by the Boston Water and Sewer Commission.[172] The Commission in turn purchases wholesale water and sewage disposal from the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority. The city's water comes from the Quabbin Reservoir and the Wachusett Reservoir, which are about 65 miles (105 km) and 35 miles (56 km) west of the city respectively.[173] Boston's tap water has been ranked among the best in the country,[174] and Boston is one of five cities in the country with tap water pure enough to be exempt from Environmental Protection Agency filtration requirements.[175] NSTAR is the exclusive electricity distributor to the city, though due to deregulation, customers now have a choice of electric generation companies. Natural gas is distributed by National Grid plc (originally KeySpan, the successor company to Boston Gas); only commercial and industrial customers may choose an alternate natural gas supplier.[176] Municipal steam services are provided by Veolia Energy North America and its subsidiary Trigen Energy Corporation;[177][178] which comprise the original assets of the defunct Boston Heating Company.[179][180]
Verizon, successor to New England Telephone, NYNEX, Bell Atlantic, and earlier, the Bell System, is the primary wired telephone service provider for the area. Phone service is also available from various national wireless companies. Cable television is available from Comcast and RCN, with broadband Internet access provided by the same companies in certain areas. A variety of DSL providers and resellers are able to provide broadband Internet over Verizon-owned phone lines.[181] Galaxy Internet Services (GIS) has also moved to the forefront to deploy municipal Wi-Fi broadband Internet throughout areas of the city of Boston.[182]
Transportation[link]
Main article: Transportation in Boston
Logan International Airport, located in the East Boston neighborhood, handles most of the scheduled passenger service for Boston.[183] Surrounding the city are three major general aviation relievers: Beverly Municipal Airport to the north, Hanscom Field in Bedford, to the west, and Norwood Memorial Airport to the south. T. F. Green Airport serving Providence, Rhode Island, Bradley International Airport outside of Hartford, Connecticut, and Manchester-Boston Airport in Manchester, New Hampshire, also provide scheduled passenger service to the Boston area.
Downtown Boston's streets were not organized on a grid, but grew in a meandering organic pattern from early in the 17th century. They were created as needed, and as wharves and landfill expanded the area of the small Boston peninsula.[184] Along with several rotaries, roads change names and lose and add lanes seemingly at random. By contrast, streets in the Back Bay, East Boston, the South End, and South Boston do follow a grid system.
Boston is the eastern terminus of cross-continent I-90, which in Massachusetts runs along the Massachusetts Turnpike. Originally known as the Circumferential Highway, Route 128 carries I-95 over a portion of its route west and north of the city. U.S. 1 and I-93 run concurrently north to south through the city from Charlestown to Dorchester, joined by Massachusetts Route 3 after the Zakim Bridge over the Charles River. The elevated portion of the Central Artery, which carried these routes through downtown Boston, was replaced with the O'Neill Tunnel during the Big Dig, substantially completed in early 2006.
With nearly a third of Bostonians using public transit for their commute to work, Boston has the fourth-highest rate of public transit usage in the country.[185] The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) operates what was the first underground rapid transit system in the United States and is now the fourth busiest rapid transit system in the country,[18] having been expanded to 65.5 miles (105 km) of track,[186] reaching as far north as Malden, as far south as Braintree, and as far west as Newton—collectively known as the "T". The MBTA also operates the nation's seventh busiest bus network, as well as water shuttles, and the nation's busiest commuter rail network outside of New York City or Chicago, totaling over 200 miles (320 km),[186] extending north to the Merrimack Valley, west to Worcester, and south to Providence.
Amtrak's Northeast Corridor and Chicago lines originate at South Station and stop at Back Bay. Fast Northeast Corridor trains, which serve New York City, Washington, D.C., and points in between, also stop at Route 128 Station in the southwestern suburbs of Boston.[187] Meanwhile, Amtrak's Downeaster service to Maine originates at North Station.[188]
Nicknamed "The Walking City," Boston hosts more pedestrian commuters than do other comparably populated cities. Owing to factors such as the compactness of the city and large student population, 13% of the population commutes by foot, making it the highest percentage of pedestrian commuters in the country out of the major American cities.[189] In 2011, Walk Score ranked Boston the third most walkable city in the United States.[190][191]
Between 1999 and 2006, Bicycling magazine named Boston as one of the worst cities in the U.S. for cycling three times;[192] regardless, it has one of the highest rates of bicycle commuting.[193] In September 2007, Mayor Menino started a bicycle program called Boston Bikes with a goal of improving bicycling conditions by adding bike lanes, racks, and offering bikeshare programs. In 2008, as a consequence the same magazine put Boston on its list of its "Five for the Future" list as a "Future Best City" for biking,[194][195] and Boston's bicycle commuting percentage increased from 1% in 2000 to 2.1% in 2009.[196] The bikeshare program, called Hubway, launched in late July 2011,[197] logging more than 140,000 rides before the close of its first season.[198] In tandem with the program, police announced intention to step up enforcement of traffic laws, both on drivers and bikers,[199] as part of an effort to improve safety and ameliorate the city's growing clash between bikers and motorists.[200][201][202] The neighboring cities of Cambridge, Somerville, and Brookline all intend to sign on to the Hubway program for launch in summer 2012.[203]
Sister cities[link]
Main article: Sister cities of Boston
Boston has eight official sister cities as recognized by Sister Cities International.[204] The date column indicates the year in which the relationship was established. Kyoto was Boston's first sister city.
| City | Country | Date | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kyoto |  Japan |
1959 | [205] |
| Strasbourg |  France |
1960 | [206][207] |
| Barcelona |  Spain |
1980 | [208][209] |
| Hangzhou |  People's Republic of China |
1982 | [204] |
| Padua |  Italy |
1983 | [210] |
| Melbourne |  Australia |
1985 | |
| Taipei |  Republic of China (Taiwan) |
1996 | [212] |
| Sekondi-Takoradi |  Ghana |
2001 | [204] |
Boston also has less formal friendship or partnership relationships with an additional three cities.
| City | Country | Date | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Boston |  United Kingdom |
1999 | [213][214] |
| Haifa |  Israel |
1999 | [215] |
| Valladolid | Spain |
2007 | [216] |
See also[link]
- Boston in fiction
- Boston nicknames
- List of diplomatic missions in Boston
- List of people from Boston
- List of songs about Boston
- List of tallest buildings in Boston
- List of television shows set in Boston
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Boston, Massachusetts
Notes[link]
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References[link]
- Boston (1909). Records Relating to the Early History of Boston – Selectmen Minutes 1818–1822.. City of Boston. http://books.google.com/books?id=olMMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA98&dq=intitle:History+intitle:of+intitle:Boston&num=50#PPP5,M1.
- Downst, Henry P. (1916). Random Notes of Boston. Humphrey Publishing. http://kellscraft.com/NotesBoston/NotesBostoncontentpage.html.
- Gershkoff, Ira; Trachtman, Richard (2004). The Boston Driver's Handbook. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-81326-2.
- Harris, Patricia; Lyon, David (1999). Boston. Oakland, CA: Compass American Guides. ISBN 0-679-00284-7.
- Jones, Howard Mumford; Jones, Bessie Zaban (1975). The Many Voices of Boston: A Historical Anthology 1630–1975. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 0-316-47282-4.
- Rambow, John D. et al. (2003). Fodor's Boston. New York: Fodors Travel Publication. ISBN 1-4000-1028-4.
- Seasholes, Nancy S. (2003). Gaining Ground: A History of Landmaking in Boston. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-19494-5.
- Snow, Caleb H. (1828). History of Boston. Abel Bowen. http://books.google.com/books?id=7eovZyvw7S8C&pg=PA9&dq=editions:0tsIsk90aiMeVh&cad=0_0#PPP13,M1.
- Vanderwarker, Peter (1982). Boston Then and Now. Courier Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-24312-5.
- Winsor, Justin (1881). Memorial History of Boston, Vol.1 [http://books.google.com/books?id=U0AOAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:Memorial+intitle:History+intitle:of+intitle:Boston&num=50&cad=3_1 Vol.2 Vol.3. Vol.4.]. James R. Osgood and Company. http://books.google.com/books?id=1z8OAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:0jkSXQveT0SxV7GZV0DYhMn#PPR3,M1.
Further reading[link]
- Boston: A to Z (2000), Thomas H. O'Connor, ISBN 0-674-00310-1
- Built in Boston: City and Suburb, 1800–2000 (2000), Douglass Shand-Tucci, ISBN 1-55849-201-1
- Lost Boston (1999), Mariner Books, ISBN 0-395-96610-8
- Boston: A Topographical History, Third Enlarged Edition (2000), Belknap Press, ISBN 0-674-00268-7
- When in Boston: A Time Line & Almanac (2004), Northeastern, ISBN 1-55553-620-4
- Gaining Ground: A History of Landmaking in Boston (2003), Nancy S. Seasholes, ISBN 0-262-19494-5
- Boston's Secret Spaces: 50 Hidden Corners In and Around the Hub, (2009), Globe Pequot; First edition ISBN 0-7627-5062-6
- AIA Guide to Boston, 3rd Edition: Contemporary Landmarks, Urban Design, Parks, Historic Buildings and Neighborhoods, (2008), Michael Southworth and Susan Southworth, GPP Travel, ISBN 0-7627-4337-9
- Boston: A Pictorial Celebration (2006), Jonathan M. Beagle, Elan Penn (photographer), ISBN 1-4027-1977-9
- City in Time: Boston (2008), Jeffrey Hantover, Gilbert King (photographer), ISBN 1-4027-3300-3
- Mapping Boston (2001), Alex Krieger (editor), David Cobb (editor), Amy Turner (editor), Norman B. Leventhal (Foreword by) MIT Press, ISBN 0-262-61173-2
- Boston Beheld: Antique Town and Country Views (2008), D. Brenton Simons, University Press of New England, ISBN 1-58465-740-5
- Boston (2010) by Jordan Worek; photographs by Bill Horsman, Firefly Books, ISBN 1-55407-591-2
- Boston's immigrants, 1840–1925 (2000), by Michael Price, Anthony Mitchell Sammarco, Arcadia Publishing, Images of America series
- Boston: A Century of Progress (1995), by Anthony Mitchell Sammarco, Arcadia Publishing, Images of America series
External links[link]
| Find more about Boston on Wikipedia's sister projects: | |
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Textbooks from Wikibooks |
- Boston at the Open Directory Project
- City of Boston official website
- Boston travel guide from Wikitravel
- Open Space Plan 2002–2006 from the City of Boston official website
- Historical Maps of Boston from the Norman B. Leventhal Map Center at the Boston Public Library
- Boston Streets: Mapping Directory Data from Tufts University, with support from the Institute of Museum and Library Services and The Bostonian Society
- Maps of income, landfill growth, public transport, and squares from Radical Cartography
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