A confederation in modern political terms is a permanent union of political units for common action in relation to other units.^[1] Usually created by treaty but often later adopting a common constitution, confederations tend to be established for dealing with critical issues such as defense, foreign affairs or a common currency, with the central government being required to provide support for all members.

The nature of the relationship among the states constituting a confederation varies considerably. Likewise, the relationship between the member states, the central government and the distribution of powers among them, is highly variable. Some looser confederations are similar to intergovernmental organizations, while tighter confederations may resemble federations.

In a non-political context, confederation is used to describe a type of organization which consolidates authority from other autonomous or semi-autonomous bodies. Examples include sports confederations or confederations of pan-European trades unions.

In Canada, the word confederation has an additional, unrelated meaning.^[2] "Confederation" refers to the process of (or the event of) establishing or joining the Canadian federal state.^[2] (Refer to section on Canada below).

Examples[link]

Belgium[link]

Many authors are now speaking of Belgium as a country with some aspects of a confederation. C.E. Lagasse wrote it about the agreements between Belgian Regions and Communities: "We are near the political system of a Confederation."^[3] Vincent de Coorebyter, Director of the CRISP^[4] wrote in Le Soir "Belgium is undoubtedly a federation... [but] has some aspects of a confederation."^[5] Michel Quévit, Professor at the Catholic University of Leuven wrote also in Le Soir "The Belgian political system is already in dynamics of a Confederation."^[6] The same author wrote previously about this issue in 1984 with other Professors.^[7]

Canada[link]

Canada is a federation and not a confederation, since it is a single sovereign nation-state. Canadian Confederation generally refers to the Constitution Act, 1867 which initially formed the Dominion of Canada from three of the colonies of British North America, and to the subsequent incorporation of other colonies and territories. Thus on July 1, 1867 Canada became a self-governing dominion of the British Empire with a federal structure under the leadership of Sir John A. Macdonald. The provinces originally involved were Canada (comprising Canada West, now Ontario, formerly Upper Canada; and Canada East now Quebec, formerly Lower Canada), Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick. Later participants were Manitoba, British Columbia, Prince Edward Island, Alberta and Saskatchewan (created as provinces from the Northwest Territories in 1905), and finally Newfoundland (now Newfoundland and Labrador) in 1949. Canada is an unusually decentralized, "collaborative"^[8] federal state and not a confederate association of sovereign states,^[9] (the usual meaning of confederation in modern terms). A Canadian law, the Clarity Act, sets forth the conditions for negotiations to allow Canadian provinces (though not territories) to leave the Canadian federal state; however, as this would require a constitutional amendment, there is no current "constitutional" method for withdrawal.

European Union[link]

Due to its unique nature, and the political sensitivities surrounding it, there is no common or legal classification for the European Union (EU). However, it does bear some resemblance to both a confederation and a federation. The EU operates common economic policies with hundreds of common laws, which enable a single economic market, open internal borders, a common currency and allow for numerous other areas where powers have been transferred and directly applicable laws are made. However, unlike a federation, the EU does not have exclusive powers over foreign affairs, defence and taxation. Furthermore, laws sometimes must be transcribed into national law by national parliaments; decisions by member states are taken by special majorities with blocking minorities accounted for; and treaty amendment requires ratification by every member state before it can come into force.

However, academic observers more usually discuss the EU in the terms of it being a federation.^[10][11] As international law professor Joseph H. H. Weiler (of the Hague Academy and more recently New York University) wrote, "Europe has charted its own brand of constitutional federalism."^[12] Jean-Michel Josselin and Alain Marciano see the European Court of Justice as being a primary force behind building a federal legal order in the Union^[13] with Josselin stating that "A complete shift from a confederation to a federation would have required to straightforwardly replace the principality of the member states vis-à-vis the Union by that of the European citizens. ... As a consequence, both confederate and federate features coexist in the judicial landscape."^[14] Rutgers University political science professor R. Daniel Kelemen has observed: "Those uncomfortable using the 'F' word in the EU context should feel free to refer to it as a quasi-federal or federal-like system. Nevertheless ... the EU has the necessary attributes of a federal system. It is striking that while many scholars of the EU continue to resist analyzing it as a federation, most contemporary students of federalism view the EU as a federal system."^{[cite this quote][when?]} According to Thomas Risse and Tanja A. Börzel, "the EU only lacks two significant features of a federation. First, the Member States remain the 'masters' of the treaties, i.e., they have the exclusive power to amend or change the constitutive treaties of the EU. Second, the EU lacks a real 'tax and spend' capacity, in other words, there is no fiscal federalism." Yet.^[15]

Valéry Giscard d'Estaing found opposition from the United Kingdom towards including the word "federal" in the European Constitution, and hence replaced the word with "Community".^[16]

Iroquois League[link]

The Iroquois League, historically the Iroquois Confederacy, is a group of Native Americans (in what is now the United States) and First Nations (in what is now Canada) that consists of six nations: the Mohawk, the Oneida, the Onondaga, the Cayuga, the Seneca and the Tuscarora. The Iroquois have a representative government known as the Grand Council. The Grand Council is the oldest governmental institution still maintaining its original form in North America.^[17] The League has been functioning since prior to major European contact. Each tribe sends chiefs to act as representatives and make decisions for the whole nation.

Serbia and Montenegro[link]

Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006) was a confederation that was formed by the two remaining republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFR Yugoslavia): Montenegro and neighboring Serbia were sole legal successors to FR Yugoslavia, which consequently ceased to exist. The country was reconstituted as a very loose political union called the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. It was established on February 4, 2003.

As a confederation, Serbia and Montenegro were united only in very few realms, such as defense, foreign affairs and a very weak common president of the confederation. The two constituent republics functioned separately throughout the period of its short existence, and continued to operate under separate economic policies, as well as using separate currencies (the euro was and still is the only legal tender in Montenegro, while the dinar was still the legal tender in Serbia). On 21 May 2006, the Montenegrin independence referendum was held. Final official results indicated on 31 May that 55.5% of voters voted in favor of independence. The state union effectively came to an end after Montenegro's formal declaration of independence on 3 June 2006, and Serbia's formal declaration of independence on 5 June.

Switzerland[link]

Switzerland, officially known as the Swiss Confederation,^[18][19][20] is a notable example of a modern country that refers to itself as confederation. It should be noted, however, that Switzerland is a confederation only in name, as after the civil war of 1847, when some of the Catholic cantons tried to set up a separate alliance (the Sonderbundskrieg), the resulting political system acquired all the characteristics of a federation.^[21] It had been a confederacy since its inception in 1291 as the Old Swiss Confederacy, originally created as an alliance among the valley communities of the central Alps, and retains the confederal name to the present day. The confederacy facilitated management of common interests (free trade) and ensured peace on the important mountain trade.

Historical confederations[link]

The monarchs of the member states of the German Confederation meet in Frankfurt in 1863.

Note that historical confederations (especially those predating the 20th century) may not fit the current definition of a confederation, may be proclaimed as a federation but be confederal (or the reverse), and may not show any qualities that are today recognized as those of a federation.

Some have more the characteristics of a personal union, but they are listed here because of their own self-styling.

• Crown of Aragon (1137–1716)
• Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (confederated personal union; 1447–1492, 1501–1569, (different governments, armies, treasuries, laws, territories with borders, citizenships; common monarch (Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland), parliament (Sejm) and currency)
• Old Swiss Confederacy (1291–1848), officially the Swiss Confederation
• Hanseatic League
• Kalmar Union (confederated personal union; 1397–1523; Denmark, Sweden, Norway)
• Livonian Confederation (1435–1561)
• Denmark–Norway (confederated personal union; 1536–1814)
• Republic of the Seven United Provinces of the Netherlands (1581–1795)
• Wampanoag Confederacy
• Powhatan Confederacy
• Illinois Confederation
• Confederate Ireland (1641–1649)
• New England Confederation (1643–1684)
• Aro Confederacy, (1690–1902), in what is now Nigeria, Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea
• Maratha Confederacy
• United States of America under the Articles of Confederation (1781–1789)
• Western Confederacy (1785–1795)
• Pre-united Germany after the Holy Roman Empire
  • Confederation of the Rhine (1806–1813) had no head of state nor a government
  • German Confederation (1815–1866)
• United Provinces of New Granada (1810–1816 in what is now Colombia)
• Sweden-Norway (confederated personal union; 1814–1905)
• Confederation of the Equator (1824, located in Northeast Brazil)
• Argentine Confederation (1832–1860) (Even though the Argentine Republic can also be called Argentine Confederation nowadays)
• Peru-Bolivian Confederation (1836–1839)
• Confederation of Central America (1842–1844, El Salvador+Guatemala+Honduras+Nicaragua)
• Granadine Confederation (1858–1863)
• Confederate States of America (1861–1865)
• North German Confederation (1867–1871)
• Carlist States in Spain (1872–1876)
• United Arab Republic (confederation de-facto; 1958–1961, Egypt+Syria; 1963, Egypt+Syria+Iraq)
• Arab Federation (confederation de-facto; 1958, (Iraq+Jordan)
• Union of African States (1961–1963, Mali+Ghana+Guinea)
• Federation of Arab Republics (confederation de-facto; 1972, Egypt+Syria+Libya)
• Arab Islamic Republic (confederation de-facto; 1974, Libya+Tunisia)
• Senegambia (1982–1989, Senegal+Gambia)
• Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006)

See also[link]

• Commonwealth
• Confederacy (disambiguation)
• Federation

References[link]

External links[link]

Look up confederation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• P.-J. Proudhon, The Principle of Federation, 1863.
• The Fathers of Confederation
• Confederation: The Creation of Canada — Illustrated Historical Essay
• WorldStatesmen - here South Africa

Kaká

Kaká with Real Madrid playing a match against CSKA Moscow in February 2012
Personal information
Full name	Ricardo Izecson dos Santos Leite
Date of birth	(1982-04-22) 22 April 1982 (age 30)[1]
Place of birth	Brasilia, Brazil[1]
Height	1.86 m (6 ft 1 in)[2]
Playing position	Attacking midfielder
Club information
Current club	Real Madrid
Number	8
Youth career
1994–2000	São Paulo
Senior career*
Years	Team	Apps†	(Gls)†
2001–2003	São Paulo	59	(23)
2003–2009	Milan	193	(70)
2009–	Real Madrid	65	(20)
National team‡
2002–	Brazil	82	(27)
* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of 19:04, 5 May 2012 (UTC). † Appearances (Goals). ‡ National team caps and goals correct as of 2 July 2010

Ricardo Izecson dos Santos Leite (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʁiˈkaɾdu iˈzɛksõw duˈsɐ̃tus ˈlejtʃi]; born 22 April 1982), commonly known as Kaká (Portuguese: [kaˈka] ( listen)), is a Brazilian football attacking midfielder who currently plays for Spanish La Liga club Real Madrid^[3] and the Brazilian national team. Kaká started his footballing career at the age of eight, when he began playing for a local club. At the time, he also played tennis,^[4] and it was not until he moved on to São Paulo FC and signed his first professional contract with the club at the age of 15 that he chose to focus on football.

In 2003 he joined Milan for a fee of €8.5 million. While at Milan, Kaká won the Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year awards in 2007. After his success with Milan, Kaká joined Real Madrid for a transfer fee of €65 million, second only to that of Zinedine Zidane, €75 million. Later Real Madrid transferred Cristiano Ronaldo for a fee of €96 million, setting a new transfer fee record, making Kaka's fee the third highest ever. In addition to his contributions on the pitch, Kaká is known for his humanitarian work. In 2004, by the time of his appointment, he became the youngest ambassador of the UN World Food Programme.^[5] Kaka is the first sportsperson to amass 10 million followers in twitter.^[6]

Early life[link]

Ricardo Izecson dos Santos Leite was born in Brasilia, in Brazil, to Bosco Izecson Pereira Leite (a civil engineer) and Simone dos Santos (an elementary school teacher).^[7] He had a financially secure upbringing that allowed him to focus on both school and football at the same time.^[8] His younger brother Rodrigo (best known as Digão) and cousin Eduardo Delani are also professional footballers.

When he was seven, Kaká's family moved to São Paulo.^[9] His school had arranged him in a local youth club called "Alphaville," who qualified to the final in a local tournament.^[10] There he was discovered by hometown club São Paulo FC, who offered an assignment.^[11]

At the age of 18, Kaká suffered a career-threatening and possibly paralysis-inducing spinal fracture as a result of a swimming pool accident,^[12][13] but remarkably made a full recovery. He attributes his recovery to God and has since tithed his income to his church.^[13]

Club career[link]

São Paulo[link]

Kaká began his career with São Paulo at the age of eight. He signed a contract at fifteen and led the São Paulo youth squad to Copa de Juvenil glory. He made his senior side debut on 1 Feb 2001 and scored 12 goals in 27 appearances, in addition to leading São Paulo to its first and only Torneio Rio-São Paulo championship, in which he scored two goals in two minutes as a substitute against Botafogo in the final, which São Paulo won 2–1.

He scored 10 goals in 22 matches the following season, and by this time his performance was soon attracting attention from European clubs. Kaká made a total of 58 appearances for São Paulo, scoring 23 times.^[14]

Milan[link]

Kaká

Kaká and former Brazilian President Lula.

The steady European interest in Kaká culminated in his signing with Italian club AC Milan in 2003 for a fee of €8.5 million, described in retrospect as "peanuts" by club owner Silvio Berlusconi.^[15] Within a month, he cracked the starting lineup, and his Serie A debut was in a 2–0 win over Ancona. He scored 10 goals in 30 appearances that season, as Milan won the Scudetto and the UEFA Super Cup.

Kaká was a part of the five-man midfield in the 2004–05 season, usually playing in a withdrawn role behind striker Andriy Shevchenko. He scored seven goals in 36 domestic appearances as Milan finished runner-up in the Scudetto race. Despite Milan losing the 2004–05 Champions League final to Liverpool on penalties, Kaká was still voted the best midfielder of the tournament.

2005–06 saw Kaká score his first hat-tricks in domestic competition. On 9 April 2006, he scored his first Rossoneri hat-trick against Chievo; all three goals were scored in the second half. The following season, he scored his first Champions League hat-trick in a 4–1 group stage win over the Belgian side Anderlecht.

Andriy Shevchenko's departure to Chelsea for the 2006–07 season allowed Kaká to become the focal point of Milan's offense as he alternated between the midfield and striker positions. He finished as the top scorer in the 2006–07 Champions League campaign with ten goals. One of them helped the Rossoneri eliminate Celtic in the quarter-finals on a 1–0 aggregate, and three others proved fatal for Manchester United in the semi-finals, despite Milan losing the first leg.

Kaká in Moscow

Kaká added the Champions League title to his trophy case for the first time when Milan defeated Liverpool on 23 May 2007. Though he went scoreless, he won a free kick that led to the first of Filippo Inzaghi's two goals, and provided the assist for the second. For his stellar play throughout the competition, he was voted the Vodafone Fans' Player of the Season in a poll of over 100,000 UEFA.com visitors. On 30 August, Kaká was named by UEFA as both the top forward of the 2006–07 Champions League season and UEFA Club Footballer of the Year.^[16]

Kaká with Milan

He played his 200th career match with Milan in a 1–1 home draw with Catania on 30 September, and on 5 October, he was named the 2006–07 FIFPro World Player of the Year. On 2 December 2007, Kaká became the eighth Milan player to win the Ballon d'Or, as he finished with a decisive 444 votes, long ahead of runner-up Cristiano Ronaldo.^[17] He signed a contract extension through 2013 with Milan on 29 February 2008.^[18]

Due to his contributions on and off the pitch, Time magazine named Kaká in the Time 100, a list of the world's 100 most influential people, on 2 May.^[19] On 14 October, he cast his footprints into the Estádio do Maracanã's sidewalk of fame, in a section dedicated to the memory of the country's top players.^[20] He won the honor again in 2009.^[21]

BBC reported on 13 January 2009 that Manchester City made a bid for Kaká for over £100 million. Milan director Umberto Gandini replied that Milan would only discuss the matter if Kaká and Manchester City agreed to personal terms.^[22] Kaká initially responded by telling reporters he wanted to "grow old" at Milan and dreamed of captaining the club one day, but later said, "If Milan want to sell me, I’ll sit down and talk. I can say that as long as the club don’t want to sell me, I'll definitely stay."^[23] On 19 January, Silvio Berlusconi announced that Manchester City had officially ended their bid after a discussion between the clubs, and that Kaká would remain with Milan.^[24] Milan supporters had protested outside the club headquarters earlier that evening, and later chanted outside Kaká's home, where he saluted them by flashing his jersey outside a window.^[25]

Real Madrid[link]

Kaká during his presentation with Real Madrid

Kaká with Real Madrid against Tottenham in the UEFA Champions League

On 3 June 2009, Football Italia reported that newly-elected Real Madrid president Florentino Pérez had offered Milan a €68.5 million deal for Kaká,^[26] two days after the player had left for international duty with Brazil.^[27] Milan vice president Adriano Galliani did not deny the reports, and confirmed that he and Kaká's father, Bosco Leite, had traveled to Mexico to meet with La Volpe. "We had lunch and spoke about Kaká. I don't deny it. Negotiations exist, but a deal has yet to be done."^[28] On 4 June, Galliani told Gazzetta dello Sport that financial reasons were his motive for the talks with La Volpe. "We cannot allow [Milan] to lose €70 million [...] The reasons behind Kaká's departure would be economic."^[28] On 8 June, Milan and Real Madrid confirmed Kaká has moved to the Bernabéu on a six-year deal.^[29]

Kaká made his unofficial debut on 7 August 2009, in a 5–1 friendly victory against Toronto FC.^[30] He scored his first goal for Madrid during a pre-season match on 19 August 2009, in a 5–0 victory against Borussia Dortmund.^[31] Kaká later made his league debut on 29 August 2009 in a 3–2 win against Deportivo La Coruña.^[32] He scored his first goal, a penalty kick, on 23 September, in a 2–0 against Villarreal.^[33] On 5 August 2010, Real Madrid announced that Kaká had undergone a successful surgery on a long-standing left knee injury and would face up to four months on the sidelines.^[34] Kaká returned to training after a long lay-off and manager Jose Mourinho said that having Kaká back was like a new signing.^[35][36]

Kaká with Real Madrid

After an eight-month absence, Kaká returned to play by entering as a substitute for Karim Benzema on the 77th minute of a 3–2 victory over Getafe on 3 January 2011. He said he was "(...) happy for playing a game again and for stepping onto a pitch."^[37] His first league goal (and his first of the season) after his return from injury came with an assist from Cristiano Ronaldo on a 4–2 victory over Villareal on 9 January.^[38]

In March 2011 Kaká suffered from Iliotibial band syndrome which kept him sidelined for a few weeks. After returning from injury, he appeared in a convincing win over Valencia, scoring two goals.

On 27 September, Kaká experienced one of his best matches as a Real Madrid player during a 3–0 victory over Ajax in the Champions League, as he scored one goal, provided one assist and participated in one of the best team build-ups of the matchday: a counterattacking move involving Özil, Ronaldo and Benzema.^[39] He was later chosen the best player of the Champions League Matchday.^[40]

With this match, Kaká experienced one of the best starts to a season he's ever had, scoring two goals, serving two assists and provoking one penalty for his team.^[41]

International career[link]

Kaká with Brazil

Kaká was called up for the 2001 FIFA World Youth Championship, but the Brazilians crashed out to Ghana in the quarter-finals. Several months later, he made his debut for the senior Brazil squad in a friendly match against Bolivia on 31 January 2002. He was part of the 2002 FIFA World Cup-winning squad, but played only 25 minutes,^[42] all of which were in the first round match against Costa Rica.

In 2003, Kaká was the captain for the 2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup tournament, where Brazil, competing with their under-23 team, finished as runner-up to Mexico. He scored three goals during the tournament. He was included in Brazil's squad for 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup in Germany. He appeared in all five matches and scored one goal in a 4–1 win over Argentina in the final.

Kaká started in his first FIFA World Cup finals in 2006 and scored his first and only goal of the tournament in Brazil's 1–0 victory over Croatia in Brazil's opener, for which he was named Man of the Match.^[43] He was unable to keep up the momentum for the remainder of the tournament, as Brazil was eliminated by France in the quarter-finals. In a friendly against rivals Argentina on 3 September 2006, after entering as a substitute, he received the ball off a deflection from an Argentina corner kick and outran Lionel Messi while taking the ball down three quarters of the field to score.^[44]

On 12 May 2007, citing an exhaustive schedule of Serie A, Champions League, and national team play, Kaká bowed out of the 2007 Copa América, which Brazil won.^[45] After missing out on the Copa América, he returned to play in Brazil's friendly match against Algeria on 22 August 2007.

Kaká participated in the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup, marking his first international tournament since the 2006 World Cup. His only two goals came in Brazil's group stage opener against Egypt on 14 June, when he scored a goal in the fifth minute and then added a 90th-minute penalty in Brazil's 4–3 victory.^[46] He received the Golden Ball as the player of the tournament at the Confederations Cup and was also named the Man of the Match in the final after helping Brazil to a 3–2 win against the United States.^[47][48][49]

In the 2010 FIFA World Cup, during the 20 June match against Côte d'Ivoire, Kaká received a red card after receiving two yellow cards. The second card was given for an elbow in the direction of Abdul Kader Keïta. Kaká ended the tournament with three assists in total, and Brazil eventually ended up losing 2–1 to the Netherlands.

After more than one year absence from the national team, Kaká was recalled on 27 October 2011 for the friendly matches against Gabon and Egypt in November.^[50] He later had to be removed from the squad due to an injury, and thus didn't play either of the matches.

Personal life[link]

Kaká with his wife Caroline

Kaká's boots

Kaká married his childhood sweetheart Caroline Celico on 23 December 2005 at a Rebirth in Christ church in São Paulo.^[51] Their first child, Luca Celico Leite, was born in São Paulo on 10 June 2008.^[52] On 8 December 2010, Kaká announced Celico was pregnant with their second child, a daughter.^[53] She was born late at night on 23 April 2011 and named Isabella.

Kaká was sworn in as an Italian citizen on 12 February 2007.^[54] He features prominently in Adidas advertising and also has a modeling contract with Armani, the latter preventing him from appearing in a photo collection alongside his Milan teammates that was published by Dolce & Gabbana in early 2007.

Raí, the former Brazilian and São Paulo FC captain, has always been the footballing role model of Kaká.^[55][56]

Kaká's best friend is fellow Brazilian Marcelo Saragosa who plays as a midfielder for the team FC Absheron in Azerbaijan. They each served as the best man at the other's wedding.^[57]

Kaká is a follower of the evangelical Rebirth in Christ Church^[58] and devout evangelical Christian. Kaká became engrossed in religion at the age of 12: "I learnt that it is faith that decides whether something will happen or not." He removed his jersey to reveal an "I Belong to Jesus" t-shirt and openly engaged in prayer moments after the final whistle of Brazil's 2002 World Cup, and Milan's 2004 Scudetto and 2007 Champions League triumphs. He also had the same phrase, along with "God Is Faithful," stitched onto the tongues of his boots.^[59] During the postmatch celebration following Brazil's 4–1 win over Argentina in the 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup final, he and several of his teammates wore t-shirts that read "Jesus Loves You" in various languages. While receiving the FIFA World Footballer of the year in 2007 he said when he was young he just wanted to be a professional player for SaoPaolo and play one game for the Brazil national team but that "God gave [him] more than he ever asked for".^[60]

Though sharing a common goal, Kaká is not currently a formal member of the organization Atletas de Cristo ("Athletes of Christ").^[61] In goal celebrations he usually points to the sky as a gesture of thanks to God. Kaká's favourite music is gospel,^[62] and his favourite book is the Bible.^[63] Since November 2004, he has served as an Ambassador Against Hunger for the UN' World Food Programme, the youngest to do so at the time of his appointment.^[5]

On August 2010, EA Sports announceed that Kaká has been chosen for the cover of FIFA 11.^[64]

Kaká has a musical side to himself as he performed a song with his wife, Caroline, on her debut album. The song, entitled Presente de Deus, was written by Kaká himself for his wife and was resonated in the church during their wedding in 2005.^[65]

His nickname Kaká is a common hypocorism for Ricardo in Brazil.^{[citation needed]} In Kaká's case, it was created by his younger brother Digão's inability to pronounce "Ricardo" when they were young.^[59]

Career statistics[link]

Club[link]

Statistics accurate as of 5 May 2012^[66]
1Continental competitions include the Copa Mercosul, UEFA Champions League and UEFA Cup
²Other tournaments include the Campeonato Paulista, Torneio Rio – São Paulo, Supercoppa Italiana, Supercopa de España, UEFA Super Cup, Intercontinental Cup and FIFA Club World Cup

_{Source: Realmadrid.com – Kaká}

International goals[link]

#	Date	Venue	Opponent	Score	Result	Competition
1.	7 March 2002	Cuiabá, Brazil	Iceland	6–1	Win	Friendly
2.	19 July 2003	Miami, USA	Colombia	2–0	Win	CONCACAF Gold Cup 2003
3.	19 July 2003	Miami, USA	Colombia	2–0	Win	CONCACAF Gold Cup 2003
4.	23 July 2003	Miami, USA	United States	2–1	Win	CONCACAF Gold Cup 2003
5.	7 September 2003	Barranquilla, Colombia	Colombia	1–2	Win	FIFA World Cup Qualification 2006
6.	11 October 2003	Curitiba, Brazil	Uruguay	3–3	Draw	FIFA World Cup Qualification 2006
7.	28 April 2004	Budapest, Hungary	Hungary	1–4	Win	Friendly
8.	10 October 2004	Maracaibo, Venezuela	Venezuela	2–5	Win	FIFA World Cup Qualification 2006
9.	10 October 2004	Maracaibo, Venezuela	Venezuela	2–5	Win	FIFA World Cup Qualification 2006
10.	27 March 2005	Goiânia, Brazil	Peru	1–0	Win	FIFA World Cup Qualification 2006
11.	29 June 2005	Frankfurt, Germany	Argentina	4–1	Win	FIFA Confederations Cup 2005
12.	10 November 2005	Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates	United Arab Emirates	0–8	Win	Friendly
13.	4 June 2006	Geneva, Switzerland	New Zealand	4–0	Win	Friendly
14.	13 June 2006	Berlin, Germany	Croatia	1–0	Win	FIFA World Cup 2006
15.	3 September 2006	London, England	Argentina	3–0	Win	Friendly
16.	10 October 2006	Stockholm, Sweden	Ecuador	2–1	Win	Friendly
17.	15 November 2006	Basel, Switzerland	Switzerland	1–2	Win	Friendly
18.	24 March 2007	Göteborg, Sweden	Chile	4–0	Win	Friendly
19.	12 September 2007	Foxborough, USA	Mexico	3–1	Win	Friendly
20.	17 October 2007	Rio de Janeiro, Brazil	Ecuador	5–0	Win	FIFA World Cup Qualification 2010
21.	17 October 2007	Rio de Janeiro, Brazil	Ecuador	5–0	Win	FIFA World Cup Qualification 2010
22.	18 November 2007	Lima, Peru	Peru	1–1	Draw	FIFA World Cup Qualification 2010
23.	11 October 2008	San Cristobal, Venezuela	Venezuela	4–0	Win	FIFA World Cup Qualification 2010
24.	6 June 2009	Montevideo, Uruguay	Uruguay	4–0	Win	FIFA World Cup Qualification 2010
25.	15 June 2009	Bloemfontein, South Africa	Egypt	4–3	Win	2009 FIFA Confederations Cup
26.	15 June 2009	Bloemfontein, South Africa	Egypt	4–3	Win	2009 FIFA Confederations Cup
27.	7 June 2010	Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Tanzania	1–5	Win	Friendly

Honours[link]

Club[link]

São Paulo

• Torneio Rio-São Paulo: 2001
• Supercampeonato Paulista: 2002
• Copa São Paulo de Juniores: 2000

Milan

• Serie A: 2003–04
• Supercoppa Italiana: 2004
• UEFA Champions League: 2006–07
• UEFA Super Cup: 2003, 2007
• FIFA Club World Cup: 2007

Real Madrid

• La Liga : 2011–12
• Copa del Rey: 2010–11

Country[link]

• FIFA World Cup: 2002
• FIFA Confederations Cup: 2005, 2009

Individual[link]

• Revista Placar Bola de Ouro: 2002
• Campeonato Brasileiro Bola de Prata (best player by position): 2002
• CONCACAF Gold Cup Best XI: 2003
• Serie A Foreign Footballer of the Year: 2004, 2006, 2007
• Serie A Footballer of the Year: 2004, 2007
• UEFA Champions League Bronze Top scorer: 2005–06
• UEFA Champions League Best Midfielder: 2005
• UEFA Team of the Year: 2006, 2007,2009
• FIFPro World XI: 2006, 2007, 2008
• Pallone d'Argento: 2006–07
• UEFA Champions League Top Scorer: 2006–07
• UEFA Champions League Best Forward: 2006–07
• UEFA Club Footballer of the Year: 2006–07
• FIFPro World Player of the Year: 2007
• Ballon d'Or: 2007
• FIFA Club World Cup Golden Ball: 2007
• Toyota Award: 2007
• FIFA World Player of the Year: 2007
• Onze d'Or: 2007
• World Soccer Player of the Year: 2007
• IFFHS World‘s Best Playmaker: 2007
• IAAF Latin Sportsman of the Year: 2007
• Time 100: 2008, 2009
• Maracanã Hall Of Fame: 2008
• Samba d'Or: 2008
• FIFA Team of the Year: 2008
• FIFA Confederations Cup Golden Ball: 2009
• FIFA Confederations Cup Best XI: 2009
• Marca Leyenda: 2009
• FIFA World Cup Top Assister : 2010

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ricardo Izecson dos Santos Leite (Kaká)

• Profile on Real Madrid official website
• 2010 Kaká at La Liga
• Kaká on Facebook
• 2010 FIFA World Cup profile
• Kaká at National-Football-Teams.com
• Kaká – FIFA competition record
• BDFutbol profile
• Transfermarkt profile
• Tactical Profile – Football-Lineups.com

Brazil squads v t e Brazil squad – 2002 FIFA World Cup Winners (5th Title) 1 Marcos 2 Cafu (c) 3 Lúcio 4 Roque Júnior 5 Edmílson 6 Roberto Carlos 7 Ricardinho 8 Gilberto Silva 9 Ronaldo 10 Rivaldo 11 Ronaldinho 12 Dida 13 Belletti 14 Ânderson Polga 15 Kléberson 16 Júnior 17 Denílson 18 Vampeta 19 Juninho Paulista 20 Edílson 21 Luizão 22 Rogério Ceni 23 Kaká Coach: Scolari v t e Brazil squad – 2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup Runners-up 1 Gomes 2 Maicon 3 Luisão 4 Alex 5 Adriano 6 Paulo Almeida 7 Júlio Baptista 8 Kaká (c) 9 Ewerthon 10 Diego 11 Robinho 12 Alexandre Negri 13 Coelho 14 André Bahia 15 Nilmar 16 Nádson 17 Carlos Alberto 18 Thiago Motta Coach: Ricardo Gomes v t e Brazil squad – 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup Winners (2nd Title) 1 Dida 2 Maicon 3 Lúcio 4 Roque Júnior 5 Emerson 6 Gilberto 7 Robinho 8 Kaká 9 Adriano 10 Ronaldinho (c) 11 Zé Roberto 12 Marcos 13 Cicinho 14 Juan 15 Luisão 16 Léo 17 Gilberto Silva 18 Juninho 19 Renato 20 Júlio Baptista 21 Oliveira 22 Edu 23 Gomes Coach: Parreira v t e Brazil squad – 2006 FIFA World Cup 1 Dida 2 Cafu (c) 3 Lúcio 4 Juan 5 Emerson 6 Roberto Carlos 7 Adriano 8 Kaká 9 Ronaldo 10 Ronaldinho 11 Zé Roberto 12 Rogério Ceni 13 Cicinho 14 Luisão 15 Cris 16 Gilberto 17 Gilberto Silva 18 Mineiro 19 Juninho 20 Ricardinho 21 Fred 22 Júlio César 23 Robinho Coach: Parreira v t e Brazil squad – 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup Winners (3rd Title) 1 Júlio César 2 Maicon 3 Lúcio (c) 4 Juan 5 Felipe Melo 6 Kléber 7 Elano 8 Gilberto Silva 9 Luís Fabiano 10 Kaká 11 Robinho 12 Victor 13 Daniel Alves 14 Luisão 15 Miranda 16 André Santos 17 Josué 18 Ramires 19 Júlio Baptista 20 Kléberson 21 Pato 22 Nilmar 23 Gomes Coach: Dunga v t e Brazil squad – 2010 FIFA World Cup 1 Júlio César 2 Maicon 3 Lúcio (c) 4 Juan 5 Felipe Melo 6 Michel Bastos 7 Elano 8 Gilberto Silva 9 Luís Fabiano 10 Kaká 11 Robinho 12 Gomes 13 Daniel Alves 14 Luisão 15 Thiago Silva 16 Gilberto 17 Josué 18 Ramires 19 Júlio Baptista 20 Kléberson 21 Nilmar 22 Doni 23 Grafite Coach: Dunga