Suffering, or pain in a broad sense, is an individual's basic affective experience of unpleasantness and aversion associated with harm or threat of harm. Suffering may be qualified as physical or mental. It may come in all degrees of intensity, from mild to intolerable. Factors of duration and frequency of occurrence usually compound that of intensity. In addition to such factors, people's attitudes toward suffering may take into account how much it is, in their opinion, avoidable or unavoidable, useful or useless, deserved or undeserved.

Suffering occurs commonly in the lives of sentient beings, in diverse manners, and often dramatically. As a result, many fields of human activity are concerned, from their own points of view, with some aspects of suffering. These aspects may include the nature of suffering, its processes, its origin and causes, its meaning and significance, its related personal, social, and cultural behaviors, its remedies, management, and uses.

Terminology

The word ''suffering'' is sometimes used in the narrow sense of physical pain, but more often it refers to mental or emotional pain, or more often yet to pain in the broad sense, i.e. to any unpleasant feeling, emotion or sensation. The word ''pain'' usually refers to physical pain, but it is also a common synonym of ''suffering''. The words ''pain'' and ''suffering'' are often used both together in different ways. For instance, they may be used as interchangeable synonyms. Or they may be used in 'contradistinction' to one another, as in "pain is physical, suffering is mental", or "pain is inevitable, suffering is optional". Or they may be used to define each other, as in "pain is physical suffering", or "suffering is severe physical or mental pain".

Qualifiers, such as ''mental'', ''emotional'', ''psychological'', and ''spiritual'', are often used for referring to certain types of pain or suffering. In particular, ''mental pain (or suffering)'' may be used in relationship with ''physical pain (or suffering)'' for distinguishing between two wide categories of pain or suffering. A first caveat concerning such a distinction is that it uses ''physical pain'' in a sense that normally includes not only the 'typical sensory experience of physical pain' but also other unpleasant bodily experiences such as itching or nausea. A second caveat is that the terms ''physical'' or ''mental'' should not be taken too literally: physical pain or suffering, as a matter of fact, happens through conscious minds and involves emotional aspects, while mental pain or suffering happens through physical brains and, being an emotion, involves important physiological aspects.

''Unpleasantness'' is another synonym of ''suffering'' or ''pain'' in the broad sense. More technically, the term is used in physical pain science for referring to the basic affective dimension of pain (its suffering aspect per se), usually in contrast with the sensory dimension, as for instance in this sentence from Professor Donald Price: “Pain-unpleasantness is often, though not always, closely linked to both the intensity and unique qualities of the painful sensation.” Words that are roughly synonymic with ''suffering'', in addition to ''pain'' and ''unpleasantness'', include ''distress, sorrow, unhappiness, misery, affliction, woe, ill, discomfort, displeasure, disagreeableness''.

Philosophy

Hedonism, as an ethical theory, claims that good and bad consist ultimately in pleasure and pain. Many hedonists, in accordance with Epicurus, emphasize avoiding suffering over pursuing pleasure, because they find that the greatest happiness lies in a tranquil state (ataraxia) free from pain and from the worrisome pursuit or unwelcome consequences of pleasure. For Stoicism, the greatest good lies in reason and virtue, but the soul best reaches it through a kind of indifference (apatheia) to pleasure and pain: as a consequence, this doctrine has become identified with stern self-control in regard to suffering.

Jeremy Bentham developed hedonistic utilitarianism, a popular doctrine in ethics, politics, and economics. Bentham argued that the right act or policy was that which would cause "the greatest happiness of the greatest number". He suggested a procedure called hedonic or felicific calculus, for determining how much pleasure and pain would result from any action. John Stuart Mill improved and promoted the doctrine of hedonistic utilitarianism. Karl Popper, in ''The Open Society and Its Enemies'', proposed a negative utilitarianism, which prioritizes the reduction of suffering over the enhancement of happiness when speaking of utility: "I believe that there is, from the ethical point of view, no symmetry between suffering and happiness, or between pain and pleasure. (…) human suffering makes a direct moral appeal for help, while there is no similar call to increase the happiness of a man who is doing well anyway." David Pearce, for his part, advocates a utilitarianism that aims straightforwardly at the abolition of suffering through the use of biotechnology (see more details below in section Biology, neurology, psychology). Another aspect worthy of mention here is that many utilitarians since Bentham hold that the moral status of a being comes from its ability to feel pleasure and pain: therefore, moral agents should consider not only the interests of human beings but also those of (other) animals. Richard Ryder developed such a view in his concepts of 'speciesism' and 'painism'. Peter Singer's writings, especially the book Animal Liberation, represent the leading edge of this kind of utilitarianism for animals as well as for people.

Another doctrine related to the relief of suffering is humanitarianism (see also humanitarian principles, humanitarian aid, and humane society). "Where humanitarian efforts seek a positive addition to the happiness of sentient beings, it is to make the unhappy happy rather than the happy happier. (...) [Humanitarianism] is an ingredient in many social attitudes; in the modern world it has so penetrated into diverse movements (...) that it can hardly be said to exist in itself."

Pessimism holds this world to be the worst possible, plagued with worsening and unstoppable suffering. Arthur Schopenhauer recommends us to take refuge in things like art, philosophy, loss of the will to live, and tolerance toward 'fellow-sufferers'. Friedrich Nietzsche, first influenced by Schopenhauer, developed afterward quite another attitude, exalting the will to power, despising weak compassion or pity, and recommending us to embrace willfully the 'eternal return' of the greatest sufferings.

Philosophy of pain is a philosophical specialty that focuses on physical pain as a sensation. Through that topic, it may also pertain to suffering in general.

Religion

Suffering plays an important role in a number of religions, regarding matters such as the following: consolation or relief; moral conduct (do no harm, help the afflicted, show compassion); spiritual advancement through life hardships or through self-imposed trials (mortification of the flesh, penance, ascetism); ultimate destiny (salvation, damnation, hell). Theodicy deals with the problem of evil, which is the difficulty of reconciling an omnipotent and benevolent god with evil. People often believe that the worst form of evil is extreme suffering, especially in innocent children or in beings created ultimately for being tormented without end (see problem of hell).

The 'Four Noble Truths' of Buddhism are about dukkha, a term usually translated as suffering. They state (1) the nature of suffering, (2) its cause, (3) its cessation, and (4) the way leading to its cessation (which is the Noble Eightfold Path). Buddhism considers liberation from suffering and the practice of compassion (karuna) as basic for leading a holy life and attaining nirvana.

Hinduism holds that suffering follows naturally from personal negative behaviors in one’s current life or in a past life (see karma in Hinduism). One must accept suffering as a just consequence and as an opportunity for spiritual progress. Thus the soul or true self, which is eternally free of any suffering, may come to manifest itself in the person, who then achieves liberation (moksha). Abstinence from causing pain or harm to other beings (ahimsa) is a central tenet of Hinduism.

The Bible's Book of Job reflects on the nature and meaning of suffering. Pope John Paul II wrote "On the Christian Meaning of Human Suffering". This meaning revolves around the notion of redemptive suffering.

Arts and literature

Artistic and literary works often engage with suffering, sometimes at great cost to their creators or performers. The Literature, Arts, and Medicine Database offers a list of such works under the categories art, film, literature, and theater. Be it in the tragic, comic or other genres, art and literature offer means to alleviate (and perhaps also exacerbate) suffering, as argued for instance in Harold Schweizer's ''Suffering and the remedy of art''.

This Breughel's painting is among those that inspired W.H. Auden's poem Musée des Beaux Arts :

''About suffering they were never wrong,'' ''The Old Masters; how well, they understood'' ''Its human position; how it takes place'' ''While someone else is eating or opening a window or just walking dully along;'' ''(...)'' ''In Breughel's Icarus, for instance: how everything turns away'' ''Quite leisurely from the disaster; (...)''

Social sciences

''Social suffering'', according to Arthur Kleinman and others, describes "collective and individual human suffering associated with life conditions shaped by powerful social forces." Such suffering is an increasing concern in medical anthropology, ethnography, mass media analysis, and Holocaust studies, says Iain Wilkinson, who is developing a sociology of suffering.

The ''Encyclopedia of World Problems and Human Potential'' is a work by the Union of International Associations. Its main databases are about world problems (56,564 profiles), global strategies and solutions (32,547 profiles), human values (3,257 profiles), and human development (4,817 profiles). It states that "the most fundamental entry common to the core parts is that of pain (or suffering)" and "common to the core parts is the learning dimension of new understanding or insight in response to suffering."

Ralph G.H. Siu, an American author, urged in 1988 the "creation of a new and vigorous academic discipline, called panetics, to be devoted to the study of the infliction of suffering." The International Society for Panetics was founded in 1991 to study and develop ways to reduce the infliction of human suffering by individuals acting through professions, corporations, governments, and other social groups.

In economics, the following notions relate not only to the matters suggested by their positive appellations, but to the matter of suffering as well: Well-being or Quality of life, Welfare economics, Happiness economics, Gross National Happiness, Genuine Progress Indicator.

In law, "Pain and suffering" is a legal term that refers to the mental anguish or physical pain endured by a plaintiff as a result of injury for which the plaintiff seeks redress.

Biology, neurology, psychology

Pain and pleasure, in the broad sense of these words, are respectively the negative and positive affects, or hedonic tones, or valences that psychologists often identify as basic in our emotional lives. The evolutionary role of physical and mental suffering, through natural selection, is primordial: it warns of threats, motivates coping (fight or flight, escapism), and reinforces negatively certain behaviors (see punishment, aversives). Despite its initial disrupting nature, suffering contributes to the organization of meaning in an individual's world and psyche. In turn, meaning determines how individuals or societies experience and deal with suffering.

Many brain structures and physiological processes take part in the occurrence of suffering. Various hypotheses try to account for the experience of unpleasantness. One of these, the ''pain overlap theory'' takes note, thanks to neuroimaging studies, that the cingulate cortex fires up when the brain feels unpleasantness from experimentally induced social distress or physical pain as well. The theory proposes therefore that physical pain and social pain (i.e. two radically differing kinds of suffering) share a common phenomenological and neurological basis.

According to David Pearce’s online manifesto The Hedonistic Imperative, suffering is the avoidable result of Darwinian genetic design. BLTC Research and the Abolitionist Society, following Pearce's abolitionism, promote replacing the pain/pleasure axis with a robot-like response to noxious stimuli or with gradients of bliss, through genetic engineering and other technical scientific advances.

Hedonistic psychology, affective science, and affective neuroscience are some of the emerging scientific fields that could in the coming years focus their attention on the phenomenon of suffering.

Health care

Disease and injury cause suffering in humans and animals. Health care addresses this suffering in many ways, in medicine, clinical psychology, psychotherapy, alternative medicine, hygiene, public health, and through various health care providers.

Health care approaches to suffering, however, remain problematic, according to Eric Cassell, the most cited author on that subject. Cassell writes: "The obligation of physicians to relieve human suffering stretches back to antiquity. Despite this fact, little attention is explicitly given to the problem of suffering in medical education, research or practice." Cassell defines suffering as "the state of severe distress associated with events that threaten the intactness of the person." Medicine makes a strong distinction between physical pain and suffering, and most attention goes to the treatment of pain. Nevertheless, physical pain itself still lacks adequate attention from the medical community, according to numerous reports. Besides, some medical fields like palliative care, pain management (or pain medicine), oncology, or psychiatry, does somewhat address suffering 'as such'. In palliative care, for instance, pioneer Cicely Saunders created the concept of 'total pain' ('total suffering' say now the textbooks), which encompasses the whole set of physical and mental distress, discomfort, symptoms, problems, or needs that a patient may experience hurtfully.

Relief and prevention in society

Since suffering is such a universal motivating experience, people, when asked, can relate their activities to its relief and prevention. Farmers, for instance, may claim that they prevent famine, artists may say that they take our minds off our worries, and teachers may hold that they hand down tools for coping with life hazards. In certain aspects of collective life, however, suffering is more readily an explicit concern by itself. Such aspects may include public health, human rights, humanitarian aid, disaster relief, philanthropy, economic aid, social services, insurance, and animal welfare. To these can be added the aspects of security and safety, which relate to precautionary measures taken by individuals or families, to interventions by the military, the police, the firefighters, and to notions or fields like social security, environmental security, and human security.

Uses

Philosopher Leonard Katz wrote: "But Nature, as we now know, regards ultimately only fitness and not our happiness (...), and does not scruple to use hate, fear, punishment and even war alongside affection in ordering social groups and selecting among them, just as she uses pain as well as pleasure to get us to feed, water and protect our bodies and also in forging our social bonds".

People make use of suffering for specific social or personal purposes in many areas of human life, as can be seen in the following instances.

In arts, literature, or entertainment, people may use suffering for creation, for performance, or for enjoyment. Entertainment particularly makes use of suffering in blood sports, violence in the media, or violent video games. A more or less great amount of suffering is involved in body art. The most common forms of body art include tattooing, body piercing, scarification, human branding. Another form of body art is a sub-category of performance art, in which for instance the body is mutilated or pushed to its physical limits.

In business and various organizations, suffering may be used for constraining humans or animals into required behaviors.

In a criminal context, people may use suffering for coercion, revenge, or pleasure.

In interpersonal relationships, especially in places like families, schools, or workplaces, suffering is used for various motives, particularly under the form of abuse and punishment. In another fashion related to interpersonal relationships, the sick, or victims, or malingerers, may use suffering more or less voluntarily to get primary, secondary, or tertiary gain.

In law, suffering is used for punishment (see penal law ); victims may refer to what legal texts call "pain and suffering" to get compensation; lawyers may use a victim's suffering as an argument against the accused; an accused's or defendant's suffering may be an argument in their favor.

In the news media, suffering is often the raw material.

In personal conduct, people may use suffering for themselves, in a positive way. Personal suffering may lead, if bitterness, depression, or spitefulness is avoided, to character-building, spiritual growth, or moral achievement; realizing the extent or gravity of suffering in the world may motivate one to relieve it and may give an inspiring direction to one's life. Alternatively, people may make self-detrimental use of suffering. Some may be caught in compulsive reenactment of painful feelings in order to protect them from seeing that those feelings have their origin in unmentionable past experiences; some may addictively indulge in disagreeable emotions like fear, anger, or jealousy, in order to enjoy pleasant feelings of arousal or release that often accompany these emotions; some may engage in acts of self-harm aimed at relieving otherwise unbearable states of mind.

In politics, there is purposeful infliction of suffering in war, torture, and terrorism; people may use nonphysical suffering against competitors in nonviolent power struggles; people who argue for a policy may put forward the need to relieve, prevent or avenge suffering; individuals or groups may use past suffering as a political lever in their favor.

In religion, suffering is used especially to grow spiritually, to expiate, to inspire compassion and help, to frighten, to punish.

In rites of passage (see also hazing, ragging), rituals that make use of suffering are frequent.

In science, humans and animals are subjected on purpose to unpleasant experiences for the study of suffering or other phenomena.

In sex, individuals may use suffering in a context of sadism and masochism or BDSM.

In sports, suffering may be used to outperform competitors or oneself; see sports injury, and no pain, no gain; see also blood sport and violence in sport as instances of pain-based entertainment.

See also

!	! Topics related to suffering
! Physical pain-related topics	Pain Pain (philosophy) Psychogenic pain Chronic pain
! Evil-related topics
! Compassion-related topics	Compassion Compassion fatigue Pity Mercy Sympathy Empathy
! Cruelty-related topics
! Death-related topics	Euthanasia Animal euthanasia Suicide
! Other related topics	Dukkha Weltschmerz Amor fati Dystopia Victimology Penology Theory of relative suffering Pleasure Happiness

Selected bibliography

Joseph A. Amato. ''Victims and Values: A History and a Theory of Suffering.'' New York: Praeger, 1990. ISBN 0-275-93690-2

Cynthia Halpern. ''Suffering, Politics, Power : A Genealogy in Modern Political Theory.'' Albany: State University of New York Press, 2002. ISBN 0-7914-5103-8

Jamie Mayerfeld. ''Suffering and Moral Responsibility.'' New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. ISBN 0-19-515495-9

David B. Morris. ''The Culture of Pain.'' Berkley: University of California, 2002. ISBN 0-520-08276-1

Elaine Scarry. ''The Body in Pain: The Making and Unmaking of the World.'' New York: Oxford University Press, 1987. ISBN 0-19-504996-9

Notes and references

Category:Suffering Category:Emotions Category:Social issues Category:Personal life Category:Core issues in ethics Category:Concepts in ethics Category:Pain fa:رنج ar:معاناة bg:Страдание da:Lidelse de:Leid es:Sufrimiento eo:Sufero fr:Souffrance io:Sufro it:Sofferenza he:סבל lt:Kančia ml:വേദന ms:Penderitaan nl:Lijden ja:苦しみ no:Lidelse pl:Cierpienie pt:Sofrimento ru:Страдание ckb:ئازار sv:lidande

name	Lars Danielsson
background	non_vocal_instrumentalist
birth name	Lars Danielsson
born	September 05, 1958Gothenburg
instrument	Cello, Double bass , Electric upright bass
genre	Jazz
occupation	Bassist, Composer, Record producer
label	ACT
notable instruments	}}

Lars Danielsson (b. September 5, 1958 in Gothenburg, Sweden) is a Swedish jazz bassist, composer and record producer.

Biography

Lars Danielsson was educated at the Music Conservatory in Gothenburg. He plays double bass, electric bass and cello. In 1985, he formed a quartet with saxophonist Dave Liebman, pianist Bobo Stenson and drummer Jon Christensen that sometimes used Danielsson's name, producing several albums. He also worked with big bands.

He played and recorded with, among others, John Scofield, Jack DeJohnette, Mike Stern, Billy Hart, Charles Lloyd, Terri Lyne Carrington, Joey Calderazzo, Gino Vannelli and Dave Kikoski.

Since 1980, he has released eight solo albums with the ''Lars Danielssons Quartet''. In these albums, Alex Acuña, John Abercrombie, Bill Evans, Kenny Wheeler, Rick Margitza and Niels Lan Doky were featured.

As a producer, Danielsson has been responsible for productions with Cæcilie Norby and The Danish Radio Orchestra among others.

Said about

Guardian's Jazz critique John Fordham in his review of Danielsson's album ''Tarantella'' said:

Discography

;As a sideman

Artist: Jukkis Uotila

Album: ''Live'' :Featuring Mike Stern, Bob Berg :Label: Stunt Records

Artist: Allan Botschinsky

Album: ''The Knight'' :Featuring Victor Lewis :Label: MA Music NU676-2

Artist: Cæcilie Norby

Album: ''My Corner of the Sky'' :Featuring Michael Brecker , Randy Brecker, Terri Lyne Carrington, Joey Calderazzo, Dave Kikoski :Label: Blue Note

Artist: Cæcilie Norby

Album: ''Queen of Bad Excuses'' :Label: Blue Note

Artist: Cæcilie Norby

Album: ''First Conversation'' :Label: Blue Note

Artist: Cæcilie Norby

Album: ''London Paris'' :Label: Copenhagen Records

Artist: Trilok Gurtu

Album: ''The Glimpse'' :Label: CMP Records

Artist: Tommy Smith

Album: ''Azure'' :Featuring Kenny Wheeler, Jon Christensen :Label: Linn records

Artist: Hans Ulrik

Album: Strange World Label: STUCD 19406

Artist: Hans Ulrik

Album: ''Shortcuts'' :Featuring John Scofield, Peter Erskine :Label: Stunt Records

Artist: ''Umo Plays Muhal Richard Adams''

Album: - :Label: UNMOCD 101

Artist: Niels Lan Doky

Album: ''An Evening of Standards'' :Featuring Bill Evans, Alvin Queen Label: DAM Mac 940 005

Artist: Ulf Wakenius

Album: ''Venture'' :Featuring Jack DeJohnette, Bob Berg, Bill Evans, Randy Brecker, Niels Lan Doky :Label: Bellaphon CDLR 45052

Artist: Ulf Wakenius Group

Album: ''First Step'' :Label: Imogena

Artist: Ulf Wakenius

Album: ''Enchanted Moments'' :Label: Dragon Records DRCD278

Artist: Guitars Unlimited

Album: ''Extraordinaire'' :Featuring Ulf Wakenius & Peter Almqvist :Label: Musik Musik MM18

Artist: Rolf Jardemark

Album: ''Guitarland'' :Label: Imogena IGCD 044

Artist: Tolvan Big Band

Album: ''With Dave Liebman'' :Label: Dragon DRLP 120

Artist: Tolvan Big Band

Album: ''With Tommy Körberg'' :Label: Polar Music

Artist: Tolvan Big Band

Album: ''Colours for BB'' :Label: Phono Suecia PSCD 47

Artist: Tolvan Big Band

Album: ''The Touch'' :Label: PPP0415

Artist: Tolvan Big Band

Album: ''Live In London'' :Label: PPP0218

Artist: Janne Schaffer

Album: ''Electric Graffiti'' :Label: CD EAR 003

Artist: Janne Schaffer

Album: ''Ögonblick'' :Label: CDEAR 005

Artist: Janne Schaffer

Album: ''Julglöd'' :Label: CDEAR 004

Artist: Jazz from Sweden

Album: ''With Joakim Milder'' :Label: CAP 21409

Artist: Lars Jansson Trio

Album: ''The Eternal Now'' :Label: Tonart 27

Artist: Lars Jansson Trio

Album: ''A Window Towards Being'' :Label: Imogena

Artist: Lars Jansson Trio

Album: ''Invisible Friends'' :Label: Imogena

Artist: Lars Jansson Trio

Album: ''The Time We Have'' :Label: Imogena

Artist: Lars Jansson Trio

Album: ''Witnessing'' :Label: Imogena

Artist: Lars Jansson Trio

Album: ''Hope'' :Label: Imogena

Artist: Tobias Sjögren

Album: ''Hymn'' :Label: Imogena

Artist: Ove Ingemarsson

Album: ''Heart of the Matter'' :Label: Imogena

Artist: Sven Berggren

Album: ''Patchwork'' :Label: Caprice

Artist: Equinox

Album: - :Label: Caprice

Artist: Mwendo Dawa

Album: ''New York Lines'' :Label: Dragon

Artist: Mwendo Dawa

Album: ''Four Voices'' :Label: Dragon

Artist: Mwendo Dawa

Album: ''City Beat'' :Label: Dragon

Artist: Mwendo Dawa

Album: ''Street Lines'' :Label: Dragon

Artist: Anders Persson

Album: ''Láir De Cote'' :Label: Dragon

Artist: Joey Calderazzo

Album: ''Our Standards'' :Label: CDG 32

Artist: Emborg Larsen Group

Album: ''Ships in the Night'' :Label: Stunt Records

Artist: Jonas Johansen

Album: ''Move'' :Featuring Frederik Lundin, Ben Besiakov :Label: Stunt Records

Artist: Freda´

Album: ''Välkommen Hero'' :Label: Cantio

Artist: Freda´

Album: ''Tusen Eldar'' :Label: Record Station

Artist: Freda´

Album: ''Undan för undan'' :Label: Record Station

Artist: Elisabet Eriksson

Album: ''Till Kärleken'' :Label: Intim Musik

Artist: Margareta Evmark

Album: ''Havsvind'' :Label: IGCD 012

Artist: Margareta Evmark

Album: ''Indian Summer'' :Label: EMP 1001

Artist: Märta Schele

Album: ''Life and Death'' :Label: PRCD 9982

Artist: Octavox

Album: - :Label: IGCD 013

Artist: Malou Berg

Album: ''Den Inre Vägen'' :Label: CGRCD 9410

Artist: Solid Gospel

Album: ''In His Hand'' :Label: SGCD 01

Artist: Lydia

Album: ''Dia'' :Label: LCM C-113

Artist: Jalle Ahlström

Album: ''That Lonely Road'' :Label: SHRCD 94001

Artist: Anna-Lotta Larsson

Album: ''Jag Ser Dig I Smyg'' :Label: Frituna 0297 2

Artist: Tomas Ledin

Album: ''T AND 2'' :Label: -

Artist: Tata Vega

Album: ''Time's So Right'' :Label: RMCD 037

Artist: Rune Gustafsson

:Label: ECD 048

Artist: Stina Nordenstam

Album: ''And She Closed Her Eyes'' :Label: -

Artist: Mats Bergström

Album: ''With a Little Help from My Friends'' :Label: Areco Music

Artist: Monica Borrfors

Album: ''Slowfox'' :Label: BMG

Artist: Niels Lan Doky

Album: ''Niels Lan Doky'' :Label: Verve Forecast

Artist: Jerry Bergonzi/Joey Calderazzo

Album: ''Fast Company'' :Label: Blue Jackel

Artist: Rick Margitza

Album: ''Game of Chance'' :Label: Challenge Records

Artist: Ulf Wakenius

Album: ''Forever You'' :Label: STUCD

Artist: Viktoria Tolstoy

Album: ''Shining on You'' :Label: ACT

Artist: Rigmor Gustafsson

Album: ''I Will Wait for You'' :Label: ACT

Artist: Nils Landgren

Album: ''Sentimental Journey'' :Label: ACT

Artist: Niels Lan Doky

Album: ''Asian Session'' :Label: Universal

Artist: Anders Kjellberg

Album: ''The Point'' :Label: Dragon Records

Artist: Tomas Darelid

Album: - :Label: -

Artist: Jacek Kochan

Album: - :Label: -

Artist: Niels Lan Doky

Album: ''Spanish Songs'' :Label: -

Artist: Niels Lan Doky

Album: ''Italian Songs'' :Label: - Album: ''Mélange Bleu'' :Label: ACT (9604-2)

Artist: Bugge Wesseltoft, Nils Petter Molvaer

Also appears on

''Beginner's Guide to Scandinavia'' 3CD set (2011)

References

External links

Personal website

Lars Danielsson at All About Jazz

[ Lars Danielsson] at Allmusic

Category:1958 births Category:Living people Category:Swedish jazz double-bassists

de:Lars Danielsson no:Lars Danielsson pl:Lars Danielsson

name	Leszek Możdżer
background	non_vocal_instrumentalist
birth name	Lesław Możdżer
born	March 23, 1971Gdańsk, Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland
instrument	Piano
genre	Jazz
occupation	Musician
label	Outside Music
website	www.mozdzer.com
notable instruments	}}

Leszek Możdżer (b. Lesław Możdżer, March 23, 1971, Gdańsk) is a Polish jazz pianist. He has worked with such artists and groups as Zbigniew Namysłowski, Tomasz Stańko, Jan A. P. Kaczmarek, Zbigniew Preisner, Anna Maria Jopek, Kazik Staszewski, Marcus Miller, John Scofield, Lars Danielsson, Pat Metheny, David Gilmour, Behemoth and Lester Bowie. He is famous for his "Impressions," subtle new interpretations of Chopin's compositions. His recordings are the most popular jazz albums in Poland.

Selected discography

Miłość - ''Miłość'' (1992)

''Damage'', with Zbigniew Preisner (1992)

''Secretely & Confidentionally'', with Zbigniew Namysłowski (1993)

''Chopin - Impressions'' (1994)

Miłość - ''Taniec smoka'' (1994)

''A Farewell to Maria'', with Tomasz Stańko (1994)

''Lonely Town'', with Piotr Wojtasik (1995)

Miłość & Lester Bowie - ''Not Two'' (1995)

''Live In Holy City'', with Michał Urbaniak (1996)

''Talk to Jesus'' (1996), Lesław Możdżer Sextet

Miłość - ''Asthmatic'' (1996)

Leszek Możdżer & David Friesen - ''Facing The Wind'' (1996)

Leszek Możdżer & Adam Pierończyk - ''Live in Sofia'' (1997)

''Requiem to my Friend'', with Zbigniew Preisner (1998)

''Impressions on Chopin'' (1999)

''10 łatwych utworów na fortepian solo'', with Zbigniew Preisner (2000)

''Bosa'', with Anna Maria Jopek (2000)

''Barefoot'', with Anna Maria Jopek (2002)

''Nienasycenie'', with Anna Maria Jopek (2002)

Anna Maria Jopek & Friends with Pat Metheny - ''Upojenie'', (2002)

''Farat'', with Anna Maria Jopek (2003)

''Piano'' (2004)

''At The Carnegie Hall'', with Adam Makowicz (2004)

''PianoLive'' (2004)

''The Time'', with Lars Danielsson and Zohar Fresco (2005)

''Secret'', with Anna Maria Jopek (2005)

''Between us and the light'' with Lars Danielsson and Zohar Fresco (2006)

''The Apostasy'' with Behemoth (2007). He makes a guest appearance on the track "Inner Sanctum"

''Pasodoble'' with Lars Danielsson (2007)

''Live'' with Lars Danielsson and Zohar Fresco (2007)

''ID'', with Anna Maria Jopek (2007)

''Live in Gdańsk'' (as a special guest with David Gilmour) (2008)

''Firebird V11'', with Phil Manzanera (2008)

''Tarantella'', with Lars Danielsson (2009)

External links

Official website

Biography at EMI classics

Category:Polish jazz pianists Category:1971 births Category:Living people

ca:Leszek Możdżer de:Leszek Możdżer es:Leszek Możdżer fr:Leszek Możdżer ms:Leszek Możdżer no:Leszek Mozdzer pl:Leszek Możdżer fi:Leszek Możdżer

Name	Ram Dass
Birth date	April 06, 1931
Birth place	Boston, United States
Nationality	American
Occupation	Spiritual teacher
Religion	Jewish (until 1967), Hindu (since 1967) }}

Ram Dass, (born Richard Alpert on April 6, 1931), is an American contemporary spiritual teacher, and author of the seminal 1971 book ''Be Here Now.'' He is known for his personal and professional associations with Timothy Leary at Harvard University in the early 1960s. He is also known for his travels to India and his relationship with the Hindu guru Neem Karoli Baba, and for founding the charitable organizations Seva Foundation and Hanuman Foundation. He continues to teach currently via his website.

Biography

Youth and education

Alpert was born to a Jewish family in Newton, Massachusetts. His father, George Alpert, was a lawyer in the Boston area and president of the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad, as well as one of the founders of Brandeis University and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. He started out his high school career at the Williston Northampton School graduating in 1948 as a part of the Cum Laude Association. He then went on to receive a Bachelor of Arts degree from Tufts University, master's degree from Wesleyan University and doctorate (in psychology) from Stanford University.

Harvard professorship and the Leary-Alpert research

After returning from a visiting professorship at the University of California, Berkeley, Alpert accepted a permanent position at Harvard, where he worked with the Social Relations Department, the Psychology Department, the Graduate School of Education, and the Health Service, where he was a therapist. However, perhaps most notable was the work he was doing with his close friend and associate, Timothy Leary. Leary and Alpert were formally dismissed from the university in 1963. According to Harvard President Nathan M. Pusey, Leary was dismissed for leaving Cambridge and his classes without permission or notice, and Alpert for allegedly giving psilocybin to an undergraduate.

Spiritual search and name change

In 1967 Alpert traveled to India, where he traveled with the American spiritual seeker yogi Bhagavan Das, and ultimately met the man who would become his guru, Neem Karoli Baba, whom Alpert called "Maharaj-ji". It was Maharaj-ji who gave him the name "Ram Dass", which means "servant of God", referring to the incarnation of God as Ram or Lord Rama. Alpert also corresponded with the Indian spiritual teacher Meher Baba and mentioned Baba in several of his books.

Later life

In February 1997, Ram Dass suffered a stroke which left him with expressive aphasia. However, he interprets his stroke as an act of grace. He no longer travels, but continues to teach via the Internet through live webcasts and at retreats in Hawaii. When asked if he could sum up his life's message he replied, "I help people as a way to work on myself, and I work on myself to help people... To me, that's what the emerging game is all about." Ram Dass was awarded the Peace Abbey Courage of Conscience Award in August 1991.

Ram Dass is a vegetarian and has also acknowledged his bisexuality. In the 1990s, he became more forthcoming about sexuality while avoiding labels and asserting that bisexuality "isn't gay, and it's not not-gay, and it's not anything—it's just awareness." At 78, Ram Dass learned both that he had fathered a son when he was a 24-year-old at Stanford, and that he was now a grandfather.

Foundations

The Love Serve Remember Foundation was organized to preserve and continue the teachings of Neem Karoli Baba and Ram Dass, and to work with Ram Dass on his writings and other future plans. The Hanuman Foundation is a non-profit educational and service organization founded by Ram Dass in 1974, focused on the spiritual well-being of society through education, media and community service programs. The Seva Foundation is an international health organization founded by Ram Dass in 1978 along with public health leader Larry Brilliant and humanitarian activist Wavy Gravy.

Works

Books

''Identification and Child Rearing'' (with R. Sears and L. Rau) (1962) Stanford University Press

''The Psychedelic Experience: A Manual Based on the Tibetan Book of the Dead'' (with Timothy Leary and Ralph Metzner) (1964) ISBN 0-8065-1652-6

''LSD'' (with Sidney Cohen) (1966) ISBN 0-453-00120-3

''Remember, Be Here Now'' (1971) ISBN 0-517-54305-2

''Doing Your Own Being'' (1973)

''The Only Dance There Is'' (1974) ISBN 0-385-08413-7

''Grist for the Mill'' (with Steven Levine) (1977) ISBN 0-89087-499-9

''Journey of Awakening: A Meditator's Guidebook'' (1978) ISBN 0-553-28572-6

''Miracle of Love: Stories about Neem Karoli Baba'' (1978) ISBN 0-525-47611-3

''How Can I Help? Stories and Reflections on Service'' (with Paul Gorman) (1985) ISBN 0-394-72947-1

''Compassion in Action: Setting Out on the Path of Service'' (with Mirabai Bush) (1991) ISBN 0-517-57635-X

''Still Here: Embracing Aging, Changing and Dying'' (2000) ISBN 1-57322-871-0

''Paths to God: Living The Bhagavad Gita'' (2004) ISBN 1-4000-5403-6

''Be Love Now (with Rameshwar Das)'' (2010) ISBN 1-8460-4291-7

Recordings

''The Psychedelic Experience: A Manual Based on the Tibetan Book of the Dead'' (with Richard Alpert & Ralph Metzner) (1966) (reissued on CD in 2003 by Folkways)

''Here We All Are'', a 3-LP set recorded live in Vancouver, BC in the summer of 1969.

''Love Serve Remember'' (1973), a six-album set of teachings, data, and spiritual songs (ZBS Foundation) (released in MP3 format, 2008)

Films

''Ram Dass Fierce Grace'', a 2001 biographical documentary about Ram Dass directed by Micky Lemle.

References

External links

. This site also includes information about the "Love Serve Remember Foundation".

Ram Dass Tapes Library

The Living/Dying Project (an outgrowth of the Hanuman foundation, which was created by Ram Dass)

Category:1931 births Category:Living people Category:American Hindus Category:American metaphysics writers Category:American psychologists Category:American spiritual writers Category:Bisexual writers Category:Converts to Hinduism Category:Dharmic writers Category:Harvard University faculty Category:Jewish American writers Category:People from Boston, Massachusetts Category:Psychedelic drug advocates Category:Psychedelic researchers Category:Stanford University alumni Category:Tufts University alumni Category:University of California, Berkeley faculty Category:Wesleyan University alumni

de:Ram Dass es:Ram Dass fr:Richard Alpert it:Richard Alpert nl:Richard Alpert pl:Ram Dass ru:Рам Дасс simple:Ram Dass fi:Ram Dass tr:Ram Dass

Background	#FFD068 | color black
Name	Thích Nhất Hạnh
Birth name	Nguyễn Xuân Bảo
Alias	Thầy (''teacher'')
Birth date	October 11, 1926
Birth place	Tha Tien, Quang Ngai province, Vietnam
Religion	Thiền Buddhist
School	Lâm Tế Dhyana (Linji Chanzong)Founder of the Order of Interbeing
Lineage	42nd generation (Lâm Tế)8th generation (Liễu Quán)
Title	Thiền Sư(Zen master)
Location	Plum Village (Lang Mai)
Teacher	Thích Chân Thật
Website	}}

Thích Nhất Hạnh () (born October 11, 1926) is a Vietnamese Buddhist monk, teacher, author, poet and peace activist who now lives in France.

Born Nguyễn Xuân Bảo, Thích Nhất Hạnh joined a Zen (Vietnamese: ''Thiền'') monastery at the age of 16, and studied Buddhism as a novitiate. Upon his ordination as a monk in 1949, he assumed the Dharma name Thích Nhất Hạnh. Thích is an honorary family name used by all Vietnamese monks and nuns, meaning that they are part of the Shakya (Shakyamuni Buddha) clan.

In the early 1960s, he founded the School of Youth for Social Services (SYSS) in Saigon. This grassroots relief organization rebuilt bombed villages, set up schools, established medical centers, and resettled families left homeless during the Vietnam War. He traveled to the U.S. to study at Princeton University, and later to lecture at Cornell University and Columbia University. His focus at the time was to urge the U.S. government to withdraw from Vietnam. He urged Martin Luther King, Jr. to publicly oppose the Vietnam War; King nominated Hanh for the Nobel Peace Prize in January 1967. He created the (non-Zen) Order of Interbeing in 1966, establishing monastic and practice centers around the world. In 1973, the Vietnamese government denied Nhat Hanh permission to return to Vietnam and he went into exile in France. From 1976 to 1977 he led efforts to rescue Vietnamese boat people in the Gulf of Siam.

Nhất Hạnh has become an important influence in the development of Western Buddhism. His teachings and practices aim to appeal to people from various religious, spiritual, and political backgrounds, intending to offer mindfulness practices for more Western sensibilities. He lives in the Plum Village Monastery in the Dordogne region in the South of France, travelling internationally to give retreats and talks. He coined the term Engaged Buddhism in his book ''Vietnam: Lotus in a Sea of Fire''. A long-term exile, he was given permission to make his first return trip to Vietnam in 2005 and has returned regularly since. He was awarded the Courage of Conscience award in 1991.

Nhất Hạnh has published more than 100 books, including more than 40 in English. A journal for the Order of Interbeing, ''The Mindfulness Bell'', is published quarterly which includes a Dharma talk by him. Nhat Hanh continues to be active in the peace movement, promoting non-violent solutions to conflict. He has also been featured in many films, including The Power of Forgiveness showcased at the Dawn Breakers International Film Festival.

Biography

Born as Nguyễn Xuân Bảo, Nhất Hạnh was born in the city of Quảng Ngãi in Central Vietnam (Thừa Thiên) in 1926. At the age of 16 he entered the monastery at Từ Hiếu Temple near Huế, Vietnam, where his primary teacher was Dhyana (meditation Zen) Master Thanh Quý Chân Thật. A graduate of Bao Quoc Buddhist Academy in Central Vietnam, Thich Nhat Hanh received training in Zen and the Mahayana school of Buddhism and was ordained as a monk in 1949.

In 1956, he was named editor-in-chief of ''Vietnamese Buddhism'', the periodical of the Unified Vietnam Buddhist Association (Giáo Hội Phật Giáo Việt Nam Thống Nhất). In the following years he founded Lá Bối Press, the Van Hanh Buddhist University in Saigon, and the School of Youth for Social Service (SYSS), a neutral corps of Buddhist peaceworkers who went into rural areas to establish schools, build healthcare clinics, and help re-build villages.

Nhat Hanh is now recognized as a Dharmacharya and as the spiritual head of the Từ Hiếu Temple and associated monasteries. On May 1, 1966 at Từ Hiếu Temple, Thich Nhat Hanh received the "lamp transmission", making him a Dharmacharya or Dharma Teacher, from Master Chân Thật.

During the Vietnam War

In 1960, Nhat Hanh came to the U.S. to study comparative religion at Princeton University, subsequently being appointed lecturer in Buddhism at Columbia University. By then he had gained fluency in French, Chinese, Sanskrit, Pali, Japanese and English, in addition to his native Vietnamese. In 1963, he returned to Vietnam to aid his fellow monks in their non-violent peace efforts.

Nhat Hanh taught Buddhist psychology and ''Prajnaparamita'' literature at the Van Hanh Buddhist University, a private institution that focused on Buddhist studies, Vietnamese culture, and languages. At a meeting in April 1965 Van Hanh Union students issued a ''Call for Peace'' statement. It declared: "It is time for North and South Vietnam to find a way to stop the war and help all Vietnamese people live peacefully and with mutual respect." Nhat Hanh left for the U.S. shortly afterwards, leaving Sister Chan Khong in charge of the SYSS. Van Hanh University was taken over by one of the Chancellors who wished to sever ties with Thich Nhat Hanh and the SYSS, accusing Chan Khong of being a communist. From that point the SYSS struggled to raise funds and faced attacks on its members. The SYSS persisted in their relief efforts without taking sides in the conflict.

Nhat Hanh returned to the US in 1966 to lead a symposium in Vietnamese Buddhism at Cornell University and to continue his work for peace. He had written a letter to Martin Luther King, Jr. in 1965 entitled: "In Search of the Enemy of Man". It was during his 1966 stay in the U.S. that Thich Nhat Hanh met with Martin Luther King, Jr. and urged him to publicly denounce the Vietnam War. In 1967, Dr. King gave a famous speech at the Riverside Church in New York City, his first to publicly question the U.S. involvement in Vietnam. Later that year Dr. King nominated Thich Nhat Hanh for the 1967 Nobel Peace Prize. In his nomination Dr. King said, "I do not personally know of anyone more worthy of [this prize] than this gentle monk from Vietnam. His ideas for peace, if applied, would build a monument to ecumenism, to world brotherhood, to humanity". The fact that King had revealed the candidate he had chosen to nominate and had made a "strong request" to the prize committee, was in sharp violation of the Nobel traditions and protocol. The committee did not make an award that year.

In 1969, Nhat Hanh was the delegate for the Buddhist Peace Delegation at the Paris Peace talks. When the Paris Peace Accords were signed in 1973, the South Vietnamese government denied Thich Nhat Hanh permission to return to Vietnam and he went into exile in France. From 1976-1977 he led efforts to help rescue Vietnamese boat people in the Gulf of Siam, eventually stopping under pressure from the governments of Thailand and Singapore.

Establishing the Order of Interbeing

Nhat Hanh created the Order of Inter-Being in 1966. He heads this monastic and lay group, teaching Five Mindfulness Trainings and Fourteen Mindfulness Trainings. In 1969, Nhat Hanh established the Unified Buddhist Church (Église Bouddhique Unifiée) in France (not a part of the Unified Buddhist Church of Vietnam). In 1975, he formed the Sweet Potatoes Meditation Center. The center grew and in 1982 he and his colleague Sister Chân Không founded Plum Village Buddhist Center (Làng Mai), a monastery and Practice Center in the Dordogne in the south of France. The Unified Buddhist Church is the legally recognized governing body for Plum Village (Làng Mai) in France, for Blue Cliff Monastery in Pine Bush, New York, the Community of Mindful Living, Parallax Press, Deer Park Monastery in California, and the Magnolia Village in Batesville, Mississippi.

He established two monasteries in Vietnam, at the original Từ Hiếu Temple near Huế and at Prajna Temple in the central highlands. Thich Nhat Hanh and the Order of Interbeing have established monasteries and Dharma centers in the United States at Deer Park Monastery (Tu Viện Lộc Uyển) in Escondido, California, Maple Forest Monastery (Tu Viện Rừng Phong) and Green Mountain Dharma Center (Ðạo Tràng Thanh Sơn) in Vermont both of which closed in 2007 and moved to the Blue Cliff Monastery in Pine Bush, New York, and Magnolia Village Practice Center (Đạo Tràng Mộc Lan) in Mississippi. These monasteries are open to the public during much of the year and provide on-going retreats for lay people. The Order of Interbeing also holds retreats for specific groups of lay people, such as families, teenagers, veterans, the entertainment industry, members of Congress, law enforcement officers and people of color. He conducted a peace walk in Los Angeles in 2005, and again in 2007.

Notable students of Thich Nhat Hanh include: Skip Ewing founder of the Nashville Mindfulness Center, Natalie Goldberg author and teacher, Joan Halifax founder of the Upaya Institute, Stephanie Kaza environmentalist, Sister Chan Khong Dharma teacher, Noah Levine author, Albert Low Zen teacher and author, Joanna Macy environmentalist and author, Caitriona Reed Dharma teacher and co-founder of Manzanita Village Retreat Center, Leila Seth author and Chief Justice of the Delhi High Court, and Pritam Singh real estate developer and editor of several of Nhat Hanh's books.

Return to Vietnam

In 2005, following lengthy negotiations, Nhat Hanh was given permission from the Vietnamese government to return for a visit. He was also allowed to teach there, publish four of his books in Vietnamese, and travel the country with monastic and lay members of his Order, including a return to his root temple, Tu Hieu Temple in Huế. The trip was not without controversy. Thich Vien Dinh, writing on behalf of the Unified Buddhist Church of Vietnam (considered illegal by the Vietnamese government), called for Nhat Hanh to make a statement against the Vietnam government's poor record on religious freedom. Thich Vien Dinh feared that the trip would be used as propaganda by the Vietnamese government, suggesting to the world that religious freedom is improving there, while abuses continue.

Despite the controversy, Nhat Hanh again returned to Vietnam in 2007, while two senior officials of the banned Unified Buddhist Church of Vietnam remained under house arrest. The Plum Village Website states that the three goals of his 2007 trip back to Vietnam were to support new monastics in his Order; to organize and conduct "Great Chanting Ceremonies" intended to help heal remaining wounds from the Vietnam War; and to lead retreats for monastics and lay people. The chanting ceremonies were originally called "Grand Requiem for Praying Equally for All to Untie the Knots of Unjust Suffering", but Vietnamese officials objected, saying it was improper to "equally" pray for soldiers in the South Vietnamese army or U.S. soldiers. Nhat Hanh agreed to change the name to "Grand Requiem For Praying". He has returned regularly since.

Approach

Nhat Hanh's approach has been to combine a variety of traditional Zen teachings with methods from Theravada Buddhism, insights from Mahayana Buddhism, and ideas from Western psychology—to offer a modern light on meditation practice. Hanh's presentation of the Prajñāpāramitā in terms of "interbeing" has doctrinal antecedents in the Huayan school of thought, which "is often said to provide a philosophical foundation" for Zen.

Nhat Hanh has also been a leader in the Engaged Buddhism movement (he coined the term), promoting the individual's active role in creating change. He cites the thirteenth-century Vietnamese King Trần Nhân Tông with the origination of the concept. Trần Nhân Tông abdicated his throne to become a monk, and founded the Vietnamese Buddhist school in the Bamboo Forest tradition.

Names applied to him

The Vietnamese name ''Thích'' (釋) is from "Thích Ca" or "Thích Già" (釋迦), means "of the Shakya (Shakyamuni Buddha) clan." All Buddhist monks and nuns within the East Asian tradition of Mahayana and Zen adopt this name as their "family" name or surname implying that their first family is the Buddhist community. In many Buddhist traditions, there are a progression of names that a person can receive. The first, the lineage name, is given when a person takes refuge in the Three Jewels. Thich Nhat Hanh's lineage name is Trừng Quang. The next is a Dharma name, given when a person, lay or monastic, takes additional vows or when one is ordained as a monastic. Thich Nhat Hanh's Dharma name is Phung Xuan. Additionally, Dharma titles are sometimes given, and Thich Nhat Hanh's Dharma title is "Nhat Hanh".

Neither ''Nhất'' (一) nor ''Hạnh'' (行)—which approximate the roles of middle name or intercalary name and given name, respectively, when referring to him in English—was part of his name at birth. ''Nhất'' (一) means "one", implying "first-class", or "of best quality", in English; ''Hạnh'' (行) means "move", implying "right conduct" or "good nature." Thích Nhất Hạnh has translated his Dharma names as Nhất = One, and Hạnh = Action. Vietnamese names follow this naming convention, placing the family or surname first, then the middle or intercalary name which often refers to the person's position in the family or generation, followed by the given name.

Thich Nhat Hanh is often referred to as "Thay" (, "master; teacher") or Thay Nhat Hanh by his followers. On the Vietnamese version of the Plum Village website, he is also referred to as Thiền Sư Nhất Hạnh which can translated as "Zen Master", or "Dhyana Master". Any Vietnamese monk or nun in the Mahayana tradition can be addressed as "Thầy" ("teacher"). Vietnamese Buddhist monks are addressed "Thầy tu" ("monk") and nuns are addressed "Sư Cô" ("Sister") or "Sư Bà" ("Elder Sister").

See also

Buddhism in France

Buddhism in the United States

Buddhism in Vietnam

Order of Interbeing

Timeline of Zen Buddhism in the United States

References

Books by Thich Nhat Hanh

''Vietnam: Lotus in a sea of fire''. New York, Hill and Wang. 1967.

''Being Peace'', Parallax Press, 1987, ISBN 0-938077-00-7

''The Sun My Heart'', Parallax Press, 1988, ISBN 0-938077-12-0

''Our Appointment with Life: Sutra on Knowing the Better Way to Live Alone '', Parallax Press, 1990, ISBN 19-352-0979-5

''The Miracle of Mindfulness'', Rider Books, 1991, ISBN 978-0-7126-4787-8

''Old Path White Clouds: Walking in the Footsteps of the Buddha'', Parallax Press, 1991, ISBN 81-216-0675-6

''Peace Is Every Step: The Path of Mindfulness in Everyday Life'', Bantam reissue, 1992, ISBN 0-553-35139-7

''The Diamond That Cuts Through Illusion, Commentaries on the Prajnaparamita Diamond Sutra'', Parallax Press, 1992, ISBN 0-938077-51-1

''Touching Peace: Practicing the Art of Mindful Living'', Parallax Press, 1992, ISBN 0-938077-57-0

''Hermitage Among the Clouds'', Parallax Press, 1993, ISBN 0-938077-56-2

''Zen Keys: A Guide to Zen Practice'', Three Leaves, 1994, ISBN 0-385-47561-6

''Cultivating The Mind Of Love'', Full Circle, 1996, ISBN 81-216-0676-4

''The Heart Of Understanding'', Full Circle, 1997, ISBN 81-216-0703-5

''Transformation and Healing: Sutra on the Four Establishments of Mindfulness'', Full Circle, 1997, ISBN 81-216-0696-9

''Living Buddha, Living Christ'', Riverhead Trade, 1997, ISBN 1-57322-568-1

''True Love: A Practice for Awakening the Heart'', Shambhala, 1997, ISBN 1-59030-404-7

''Fragrant Palm Leaves: Journals, 1962-1966'', Riverhead Trade, 1999, ISBN 1-57322-796-X

''Going Home: Jesus and Buddha as Brothers'', Riverhead Books, 1999, ISBN 1-57322-145-7

''The Heart of the Buddha's Teaching'', Broadway Books, 1999, ISBN 0-7679-0369-2

''Interbeing: Fourteen Guidelines for Engaged Buddhism'', Parallax Press 3rd edition, 1999, ISBN 1-888375-08-6

''The Miracle of Mindfulness: A Manual on Meditation'', Beacon Press, 1999, ISBN 0-8070-1239-4 (Vietnamese: Phép lạ c̉ua sư t̉inh thưc).

''The Raft Is Not the Shore: Conversations Toward a Buddhist/Christian Awareness'', Daniel Berrigan (Co-author), Orbis Books, 2000, ISBN 1-57075-344-X

''The Path of Emancipation: Talks from a 21-Day Mindfulness Retreat'', Unified Buddhist Church, 2000, ISBN 81-7621-189-3

''A Pebble in Your Pocket'', Full Circle, 2001, ISBN 81-7621-188-5

''Essential Writings'', Robert Ellsberg (Editor), Orbis Books, 2001, ISBN 1-57075-370-9

''Anger'', Riverhead Trade, 2002, ISBN 1-57322-937-7

''Be Free Where You Are'', Parallax Press, 2002, ISBN 1-888375-23-X

''No Death, No Fear'', Riverhead Trade reissue, 2003, ISBN 1-57322-333-6

''Touching the Earth: Intimate Conversations with the Buddha'', Parallax Press, 2004, ISBN 1-888375-41-8

''Teachings on Love'', Full Circle, 2005, ISBN 81-7621-167-2

''Buddha Mind, Buddha Body: Walking Toward Enlightenment'', Parallax Press, 2007, ISBN 1-888375-75-2

''Understanding Our Mind'', HarperCollins, 2006, ISBN 978-81-7223-796-7

''The Art of Power'', HarperOne, 2007, ISBN 0-06-124234-9

''Under the Banyan Tree'', Full Circle, 2008, ISBN 81-7621-175-3

''Savor: Mindful Eating, Mindful Life '', HarperOne, 2010, ISBN 978-0-06-169769-2

''Reconciliation: Healing the Inner Child'', Parallax Press, 2010, ISBN 1-935209-64-7

''You Are Here: Discovering the Magic of the Present Moment'', Parallax Press, ISBN 978-1-59030-675-8,

External links

About Thich Nhat Hanh and the Order of Interbeing

Biography of Thich Nhat Hanh

Buddhist Masters and their Organizations - Thich Nhat Hanh

SpiritSight.com - Excerpts from selected Thich Nhat Hanh books

Shambhala Sun Magazine Spotlight Page

Official websites for the Order of Interbeing

Plum Village - Thich Nhat Hanh's main monastery and practice center, located about 85 km east of Bordeaux, France

Vietnamese website of Plum Village

French website of Plum Village

Deer Park Monastery - located in Escondido, California

Blue Cliff Monastery - located in Pine Bush, New York

European Institute of Applied Buddhism - located in Waldbröl, Germany

Order of Interbeing - more information about the Order of Interbeing, including the OI wiki pages

I Am Home - Community of Mindful Living; home of the "Mindfulness Bell" magazine with news, articles, and talks by Thich Nhat Hanh and other Order of Interbeing members

Media

Speaking of Faith - Downloadable Public Radio broadcast about the teachings of Thich Nhat Hanh

Deer Park DharmaCast - podcasts of Thich Nhat Hanh's lectures and dharma talks.

Google Video - Thich Nhat Hanh — Social Change at the Base (1 hr 30 min 27 sec, recorded on Mar 27, 2004 at Plum Village)

From Vietnam to Iraq, this Zen Master has seen it all - Venkatesan Vembu, Daily News & Analysis

Thich Nhat Hanh audio from the DIYDharma website

Onetheproject.com interviewed in ONE: The Movie

Humankind -Interview in Vermont monastery on public radio program

Thich Nhat Hanh honored as Interfaith Hero on ReadTheSpirit.com

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