Academy Award For Writing Original Screenplay

Abraham Polonsky
Abraham Lincoln Polonsky (December 5, 1910 - October 26, 1999) was an American film director, Academy-Award-nominated screenwriter, essayist, and novelist blacklisted by the Hollywood movie studios in the 1950s, in the midst of the McCarthy era.
Abraham Polonsky was born in New York City, the eldest son of Russian-American Jewish immigrants, Henry and Rebecca (née Rosoff) Polonsky, he attended DeWitt Clinton High School. In 1928 he entered City College of New York and following graduation, earned his law degree in 1935 at Columbia Law School. After several years of practice, mixed with teaching, he decided to devote himself to writing. He was life long friends with Roy Pinney.
Polonsky wrote essays, radio scripts and several novels before beginning his career in Hollywood. His first novel, The Goose is Cooked, written with Mitchell A. Wilson under the singular pseudonym of Emmett Hogarth, was published in 1940.
A committed Marxist, in the late 1930s Polonsky also joined the Communist Party of the USA. He participated in union politics and established and edited a left-wing newspaper, The Home Front.

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Adolfo Franci
Adolfo Franci (Florence, November 27, 1895 - Rome, January 31, 1954) was an Italian screenwriter. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Writing Original Screenplay for his work in Shoeshine (1946).

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Adolph Green
Adolph Green (December 2, 1914 – October 23, 2002) was an American lyricist and playwright who, with long-time collaborator Betty Comden, penned the screenplays and songs for some of the most beloved movie musicals, particularly as part of Arthur Freed's production unit at MGM, during the genre's heyday. Many people thought the pair were married; they were not, but they shared a unique comic genius and sophisticated wit that enabled them to forge a six-decade-long partnership that produced some of Hollywood and Broadway's greatest hits.
Green was born in The Bronx to Hungarian-Jewish immigrants Daniel and Helen Weiss Green. After high school, he worked as a runner on Wall Street while he tried to make it as an actor. He met Comden through mutual friends in 1938 while she was studying drama at New York University. They formed a troupe called the Revuers, which performed at the Village Vanguard, a club in Greenwich Village. Among the members of the company was a young comedian named Judy Tuvim, who later changed her name to Judy Holliday, and Green's good friend, a young musician named Leonard Bernstein, frequently accompanied them on the piano. The act's success earned them a movie offer and the Revuers traveled west in hopes of finding fame in Greenwich Village, a 1944 movie starring Carmen Miranda and Don Ameche, but their roles were so small they barely were noticed, and they quickly returned to New York.

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Agenore Incrocci
Agenore Incrocci (4 July 1919 - 15 November 2005), best known as Age, was an Italian screenwriter, considered one of the fathers of the commedia all'italiana^{[citation needed]} as one of the two members of the duo Age & Scarpelli, together with Furio Scarpelli.
Incrocci was born in Brescia, into a family including several actors, such as his sister Zoe, and spent his youth moving with them to numerous places of Italy. His first work in the cinema world was a dubber for Mario Monicelli's first movie, I ragazzi della Via Paal (1935). Subsequently he worked for a radio, and in the meantime he started writing comic scripts. He also studied law, but without graduating.
He spent the first four years of World War II in France, as a prisoner of the French Army first and, later, of the Wehrmacht. He managed to escape, however, and fought for a year with the US Army. Back from the front, he worked again in the radio and for wrote for theatre and humour magazine.
In wrote his first screenplay for I due orfanelli, directed by Mario Mattoli. In 1949 started his famous collaboration with Furio Scarpelli, as the duo Age & Scarpelli.

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Alain Robbe-Grillet
Alain Robbe-Grillet (French pronunciation: [a.lɛ̃ ʁɔb ɡʁi.jɛ]; 18 August 1922 – 18 February 2008), was a French writer and filmmaker. He was, along with Nathalie Sarraute, Michel Butor and Claude Simon, one of the figures most associated with the Nouveau Roman (new novel) trend. Alain Robbe-Grillet was elected a member of the Académie française on March 25, 2004, succeeding Maurice Rheims at seat No. 32. He was married to Catherine Robbe-Grillet (née Rstakian).
Alain Robbe-Grillet was born in Brest, (Finistère, France) to a family of engineers and scientists. He was trained as an agricultural engineer. During the years 1943 and 1944, Robbe-Grillet participated in compulsory labor in Nuremberg, where he worked as a machinist. The initial few months were seen by Robbe-Grillet as something of a holiday, since, in-between the very rudimentary training he was given to operate the machinery, he had free time to go to the theatre and the opera. In 1945, Robbe-Grillet completed his diploma at the National Institute of Agronomy. Later, his work as an agronomist took him to Martinique, French Guinea, Guadeloupe, and Morocco. He died in Caen after succumbing to heart problems.

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Alan Jay Lerner
Alan Jay Lerner (August 31, 1918 – June 14, 1986) was an American lyricist and librettist. In collaboration with Frederick Loewe, he created some of the world's most popular and enduring works of musical theatre for both the stage and on film. He won three Tony Awards and three Academy Awards, among other honors.
Born in New York City, he was the son of Edith Adelson Lerner and Joseph Jay Lerner, whose brother, Samuel Alexander Lerner, was founder and owner of the Lerner Stores, a chain of dress shops. One of Lerner's cousins was the radio comedian/television game show panelist Henry Morgan. Alan Jay Lerner was educated at Bedales School in England, The Choate School (now Choate Rosemary Hall) in Wallingford, Connecticut, (where he wrote "The Choate Marching Song") and Harvard. He attended both Camp Androscoggin and Camp Greylock. At both Choate and Harvard, Lerner was a classmate of John F. Kennedy; at Choate they had worked together on the yearbook staff. Like Cole Porter at Yale and Richard Rodgers at Columbia, his career in musical theater began with his collegiate contributions, in Lerner's case to the annual Harvard Hasty Pudding musicals. During the summers of 1936 and 1937, Lerner studied at Juilliard. While attending Harvard, he lost his sight in his left eye due to an accident in the boxing ring. In 1957, Lerner and Leonard Bernstein, another of Lerner's college classmates, collaborated on "Lonely Men of Harvard," a tongue-in-cheek salute to their alma mater.

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Albert Lamorisse
Albert Lamorisse (French: [lamɔʁis]; 1922–1970) was a French filmmaker, film producer, and writer, who is best known for his award winning short films which he began making in the late 1940s, and also for inventing the famous strategic board game Risk in 1957. He was born in Paris, France.
He first came into prominence - just after Bim - for directing and producing White Mane (1953), an award winning short film that tells a fable of how a young boy befriends an untamable wild white stallion in the marshes of Camargue (the Petite Camargue).
His best known work is the short film The Red Balloon (1956), which earned him the Palme d'Or Grand Prize at the Cannes Film Festival, and an Oscar for writing the best original screenplay in 1956.
Lamorisse also wrote, directed and produced the well-regarded films Stowaway in the Sky (1960) and Circus Angel, as well as the documentaries Versailles and Paris Jamais Vu. In addition to films, he created the popular strategy board game Risk in 1957.
Lamorisse and his wife had three children: Pascal, a son, and two daughters named Sabine and Fanny. Pascal and Sabine were featured in The Red Balloon. Albert Lamorisse died in a helicopter crash while filming the documentary Le Vent des amoureux (The Lovers' Wind), during a helicopter-tour of Iran in 1970. His son and his widow completed the film, based on his production notes, and released the film eight years later, in 1978. It was nominated for a posthumous Oscar for best documentary.

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Alfonso Cuarón
Alfonso Cuarón Orozco (Spanish pronunciation: [alˈfonso kwaˈɾon]; born 28 November 1961) is a Mexican film director, screenwriter and film producer, best known for his films Children of Men, Y tu mamá también, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, and A Little Princess.
Alfonso Cuarón was born in México City and is the son of Alfredo Cuarón, a nuclear physicist who worked for the United Nations' International Atomic Energy Agency for many years.
Cuarón studied Philosophy at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) and filmmaking at CUEC (Centro Universitario de Estudios Cinematográficos), a faculty of the same University. There, he met director Carlos Marcovich and cinematographer Emmanuel Lubezki, and they made what would be his first short film, Vengeance is mine. The controversy caused by the fact that the film was shot in English was the reason he was expelled from the film school.
Cuarón began working in television in Mexico, first as a technician and then as a director. His television work led to assignments as an assistant director for several Latin American film productions including Gaby: A True Story and Romero, and in 1991, he landed his first big-screen directorial assignment.

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Alfredo Giannetti
Alfredo Giannetti (1924-1995) is an Italian screenwriter and film editor. He won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay in 1962 for his work in Divorce, Italian Style.

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Alun Owen
Alun Owen (24 November 1925 – 6 December 1994) was a British screenwriter, predominantly active in television, but best remembered by a wider audience for writing the screenplay of The Beatles' debut feature film A Hard Day's Night (1964).
Owen was born in Menai Bridge, Wales, but grew up in the English city of Liverpool, where his family moved when he was eight years old. After a short career with the Merchant Navy, for two years Owen worked down a coal mine as a 'Bevin Boy', before moving into repertory theatre as an assistant stage manager. From there he moved into acting, first with the Birmingham Repertory Company and then various other companies, appearing in small roles in films and to a greater degree in the newer medium of television during the 1950s.
By the late 1950s, however, Owen was beginning to realise that his real ambitions lay in writing rather than performing, and he began to submit scripts to BBC Radio. His first full-length play, Progress to the Park, was produced by the Theatre Royal, Stratford East following its radio debut, and later in the West End. A second play, titled The Rough and Ready Lot, was adapted for television by the BBC in September 1959.

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Andrew L. Stone
Andrew L. Stone (July 16, 1902, Oakland, California – June 9, 1999, Los Angeles, California) was an American screenwriter, director, and producer. Best known for his hard hitting, realistic films, Stone frequently collaborated with his wife, editor and producer Virginia Lively Stone (credited as Virginia L. Stone).
Though few of his films achieved mainstream success, Stone was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for his 1956 thriller Julie.
Stone's stories frequently featured characters called Cole, Pringle and Pope, usually in law enforcement and interchangeably played by the same actors, Jack Kruschen, Barney Phillips and Jack Gallaudet. Roles with those names were included in Julie, Cry Terror!, A Blueprint for Murder, The Night Holds Terror and The Decks Ran Red.

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Andrew Niccol
Andrew M. Niccol (born 10 June 1964) is a New Zealand screenwriter, producer, and director. He wrote and directed Gattaca, S1m0ne, In Time, and Lord of War. He also wrote and co-produced The Truman Show, which earned an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Screenplay in 1999 and won a BAFTA award for Best Screenplay. Many of his films, such as Gattaca, S1m0ne, and The Truman Show, view societal or political issues through a fantasy-science fiction lens. Lord of War, however, is a contemporary, matter-of-fact exploration of gunrunning.
Niccol was born in Paraparaumu, New Zealand, and grew up in Auckland, where he attended Auckland Grammar School. He left New Zealand at age 21 and began directing TV ads in London. During production of S1m0ne, he met model Rachel Roberts, with whom he has two children, Jack (born 2003) and Ava (born 2008).

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Anna Thomas
Anna Thomas (born July 12, 1948) is a film screenwriter, film producer and writer. She was born in Stuttgart, Germany, to a Polish family and came to the United States as an infant. She grew up in Michigan and California.
Thomas met her future husband Gregory Nava while working on her master's degree at University of California, Los Angeles. They married in 1975 and have collaborated on many projects. They have two sons: Christopher (born 1984) and Teddy (born 1985).
While at the film school at UCLA Thomas wrote, produced and directed her master's thesis film, a dramatic feature titled The Haunting of M, a turn of the century ghost story, shot in Scotland. It was well received by film critics and shown at festivals and art houses.
While at college, she also wrote her first cookbook, The Vegetarian Epicure (Knopf, 1972). The book became a success and is acknowledged as the book that brought pleasure to vegetarian cooking. A few years later she wrote her second book, The Vegetarian Epicure, Book Two (Knopf, 1978). Both books have been translated into several languages, sold in the millions in their various editions, and have remained in print.

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Anne Spielberg
Anne Spielberg (born December 25, 1949) is a screenwriter and the sister of film director Steven Spielberg.
Spielberg was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1949. After working for her brother's production company, Amblin Entertainment, she co-wrote the movie Big in 1988, for which she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Writing of an Original Screenplay. She was also a co-producer on the film, along with noted television and film producer James L. Brooks. Spielberg was an uncredited cowriter of the film Small Soldiers.
Sue Spielberg and Nancy Katz are her sisters and her brother is Steven Spielberg.

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Annie Mumolo
Anne M. "Annie" Mumolo (born July 10, 1973) is an American actress, screenwriter, comedian and producer, known for 2011 film Bridesmaids, for which she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay and BAFTA Award for Best Original Screenplay.
She is a member of the improvisational comedy troupe The Groundlings. She appeared in the 2005 feature film Bewitched, and television shows such as The Minor Accomplishments of Jackie Woodman, Out of Practice, and Two and a Half Men. She started voice acting in 2004 on the television series Maya & Miguel. She was recently a voice actress on Random! Cartoons, for the segments Hero Heights, Sparkles and Gloom, and Thom Cat. She appeared in two ABC pilots this year; Bad Mother's Handbook and This Might Hurt. She voices Jimmy and Natalie in the cartoon shorts Ape Escape on Nicktoons Network. In 2011, she played an anxious airline passenger in her own film, Bridesmaids.
Mumolo wrote an episode of In the Motherhood titled "Where There's a Will, There's a Wake". She co-wrote the script for the 2011 comedy film Bridesmaids with Saturday Night Live cast member Kristen Wiig for Universal Studios.Judd Apatow produced the project, with Paul Feig directing.

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Ariane Mnouchkine
Ariane Mnouchkine (born 1939 in Boulogne-sur-Seine) is a world-renowned French stage director. She founded the Parisian avant-garde stage ensemble Théâtre du Soleil in 1964. She has written and directed 1789 (1974) and Molière (1978), and in 1989, she directed La Nuit Miraculeuse. She holds a Chair of Artistic Creation at the Collège de France [1], an Honorary Degree in Performing Arts from the University of Rome III, awarded in 2005 [2] and an Honorary Doctor of Letters from the University of Oxford, awarded 18 June 2008 [3].
Ariane Mnouchkine is the daughter of Russian film producer Alexandre Mnouchkine and Jane Hannen. She is the maternal granddaughter of British stage actor Nicholas "Beau" Hannen. Ariane is the namesake of the production company "Ariane Films" that was founded by her father.
Mnouchkine attended University in England and studied psychology before returning to her roots in theatre. She continued theatre studies at L'École Internationale de Théâtre Jacques Lecoq where in 1964 she founded Théâtre du Soleil (Theatre of the Sun) with her fellow students. The theatre collective still continues to create social and political critiques of local and world cultures.

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Arnold Schulman
Arnold Schulman (born August 11, 1925) is an American playwright, screenwriter, producer, a songwriter and novelist. He was a stage actor long associated with the American Theatre Wing and the Actors Studio.
Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Schulman attended the University of North Carolina where he took writing courses. He served with the Navy, and in 1946 came to New York City, where he began to write in earnest. He studied playwriting with Robert Anderson (Tea and Sympathy) in classes at New York's American Theatre Wing, scripted for television during the early 1950s, making a transition to Hollywood films in 1957.
Schulman received Oscar nominations for Best Original Screenplay for Love with the Proper Stranger in 1963 and for Best Adapted Screenplay for Goodbye, Columbus in 1969. He also received three Writers Guild nominations for Best Screenplay for Wild Is the Wind, A Hole in the Head and Love with the Proper Stranger, and a Writers Guild award for Goodbye, Columbus. He was also the recipient of a Humanitas Prize award in 1994 for his work on And the Band Played On.

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Arthur C. Clarke
Sir Arthur Charles Clarke, CBE, FRAS, Sri Lankabhimanya, (16 December 1917 – 19 March 2008) was a British science fiction author, inventor, and futurist, famous for his short stories and novels, among them 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968), and as a host and commentator in the British television series Mysterious World. For many years, Robert A. Heinlein, Isaac Asimov, and Clarke were known as the "Big Three" of science fiction.
Clarke served in the Royal Air Force as a radar instructor and technician from 1941–1946. He proposed a satellite communication system in 1945 which won him the Franklin Institute Stuart Ballantine Gold Medal in 1963. He was the chairman of the British Interplanetary Society from 1947–1950 and again in 1953.
Clarke emigrated to Sri Lanka in 1956 largely to pursue his interest in scuba diving; that year, he discovered the underwater ruins of the ancient Koneswaram temple in Trincomalee. He lived in Sri Lanka until his death. He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 1998, and was awarded Sri Lanka's highest civil honour, Sri Lankabhimanya, in 2005.

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Arthur Laurents
Arthur Laurents (July 14, 1917 – May 5, 2011) was an American playwright, stage director and screenwriter.
After writing scripts for radio shows after college and then training films for the U.S. Army during World War II, Laurents turned to writing for Broadway, producing a body of work that includes West Side Story (1957), Gypsy (1959), Hallelujah, Baby! (1967) and La Cage Aux Folles (1983), and directing some of his own shows and other Broadway productions.
His early film scripts include Rope (1948) for Alfred Hitchcock, followed by Anastasia (1956), Bonjour Tristesse (1958), The Way We Were (1973) and The Turning Point (1977).
Born Arthur Levine, Laurents was the son of a lawyer and a schoolteacher who gave up her career when she married. He was born and raised in the Flatbush section of Brooklyn, a borough of New York City, New York, the elder of two children, and attended Erasmus Hall High School. His sister Edith suffered from chorea as a child.
His paternal grandparents were Orthodox Jews, and his mother's parents, although born Jewish, were atheists. His mother kept a kosher home for her husband's sake, but was lax about attending synagogue and observing the Jewish holidays. His Bar Mitzvah marked the end of Laurents's religious education and the beginning of his rejection of all fundamentalist religions, although he continued to identify himself as Jewish. However, late in life he admitted to having changed his last name from Levine to the less Jewish-sounding Laurents, "to get a job."

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Asghar Farhadi
Asghar Farhadi (Persian: اصغر فرهادی‎ Persian pronunciation: [æsɣæɾ fæɾhɒːdiː]; born 1 January 1972) is an Iranian film director and screenwriter. For his work as director, he has received one Golden Globe Award and one Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.He was named as one of the 100 Most Influential People in the world by Time magazine in 2012.
Farhadi was born in Homayoonshahr (Khomeynishahr), Province of Isfahan. He is a graduate of Theatre, with a BA in Dramatic Arts and MA in Stage Direction from Tehran University and Tarbiat Modarres University, respectively. Farhadi made short 8mm and 16mm films in Isfahan branch of Iranian Young Cinema Society before moving on to writing plays and screenplays for IRIB. He also directed such TV series as A Tale of a City and co-wrote the screenplay of Ebrahim Hatamikia’s Low Heights. Dancing in the Dust was his feature film debut, which he followed with A Beautiful City.
His third film, Fireworks Wednesday won the Gold Hugo at the 2006 Chicago International Film Festival. His fourth film, About Elly won the Silver Bear for Best Director at 59th International Berlin Film Festival as well as Best Picture at Tribeca Film Festival. It is about a group of Iranians who take a trip to the Caspian Sea that turns tragic. Famous film theorist and film critic David Bordwell has called About Elly a masterpiece.

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Aída Bortnik
Aída Bortnik (born 1938) is an Argentine screenwriter, nominated for an Academy Award for her work in the film La historia oficial (1985).
After starting out as a TV-screenwriter in 1971, Bortnik co-wrote with débutant director Sergio Renán the screenplay for The Truce (1974), based on the eponymous novel by Mario Benedetti. It was the first Argentine film to be nominated for an Academy Award (the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film) in 1975, but lost out to Federico Fellini's Amarcord. That year, Bortnik co-wrote Una mujer, directed by Juan José Stagnaro.
After a three-year break, Bortnik worked one more time with Renán in writing a screenplay in 1977 for Haroldo Conti's novel, Crecer de golpe. She then co-wrote La isla (1979) with director Alejandro Doria. During the 80s, Bortnik would collaborate with such mini-series as Hombres en pugna, Ruggero and Los gringos. In 1982, Bortnik took sole credit for the first time for David Lipszyc's Volver.
In 1985 Bortnik co-wrote with writer-director Luis Puenzo a screenplay for a film about the Argentine Dirty War, which had recently ceased. The film denounced the atrocities of the military regime and made the brutal dictatorships known worldwide. It also reunited Héctor Alterio and Norma Aleandro in starring roles, both of whom had acted in The Truce. The film won the Academy Awards in 1986, and earned Bortnik a nomination for Best Writing, Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen, shared with Puenzo. That year, Bortnik co-wrote Pobre mariposa with director Raúl de la Torre.

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Babaloo Mandel
Marc "Babaloo" Mandel (born October 13, 1949) is an American writer. His writing credits include the television series Happy Days and the movie Night Shift. He is the long-time writing partner of Lowell Ganz. Mandel was born in New York City, the son of a taxi driver. He has six children, including a set of triplets.
Mandel and Ganz were featured in "The Dialogue" interview series. In this 90-minute interview with producer Mike DeLuca, Ganz and Mandel discuss their 40-year partnership as it evolved from television to feature films.

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Barry Levinson
Barry Levinson (born April 6, 1942) is an American screenwriter, film director, actor, and producer of film and television. His most notable films include Good Morning, Vietnam, Rain Man, Bugsy, Sleepers and Wag the Dog.
Levinson was born in Baltimore, Maryland, the son of Violet "Vi" (née Krichinsky) and Irvin Levinson, who worked in the furniture and appliance business. His family is of Russian Jewish descent. After growing up in Baltimore and graduating from Forest Park Senior High School, Levinson attended Baltimore City Community College, and American University in Washington, D.C. at the American University School of Communication, before moving to Los Angeles to work as an actor and writer. Levinson at one time shared an apartment with would-be drug smuggler (and basis for the movie Blow) George Jung.
Levinson's first writing work was for variety shows such as The Marty Feldman Comedy Machine, The Lohman and Barkley Show, The Tim Conway Show, and The Carol Burnett Show. After some success as a screenwriter — notably the Mel Brooks comedies Silent Movie (1976) and High Anxiety (1977) (in which he played a bellboy) and the Oscar-nominated script (co-written by then-wife Valerie Curtin) …And Justice for All (1979) — Levinson began his career as a director with Diner (1982), for which he had also written the script and which earned him a Oscar nomination for Best Screenplay.

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Barry Morrow
Barry Morrow (born June 12, 1948) is an Academy Award-winning American screenwriter and producer. He wrote the story and co-wrote the screenplay for Rain Man.
Morrow was born in Austin, Minnesota. He studied at St. Olaf College, leaving in 1970 one credit short of graduation. After submitting his screenplay of Rain Man for independent study credit, he received his degree in 1989. He is an avid golfer, and is known to play the majority of his golf rounds using an eight club bag of hickory stick (wooden shaft) golf clubs made pre-1940.
He gave his "Oscar" to Kim Peek. Kim Peek was the inspiration for the character of Raymond Babbitt, in the movie Rain Man.

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Being John Malkovich
Being John Malkovich is a 1999 American black comedy-fantasy film written by Charlie Kaufman and directed by Spike Jonze. It stars John Cusack, Cameron Diaz, Catherine Keener, and John Malkovich, who plays a fictional version of himself. The film depicts Craig Schwartz (Cusack), a puppeteer who finds a portal that leads into Malkovich's mind.
It was nominated for the 72nd Academy Awards in three categories: Best Supporting Actress for Catherine Keener, Best Director for Spike Jonze and Best Original Screenplay for Charlie Kaufman.
Craig Schwartz (John Cusack) is an unemployed puppeteer in a forlorn marriage with his pet-obsessed wife Lotte (Cameron Diaz). Gaining a file clerk job through Dr. Lester (Orson Bean) at LesterCorp, in the strange Floor 7½ low-ceiling offices of the Mertin Flemmer Building in New York City, he develops an attraction to his co-worker Maxine (Catherine Keener), who does not return his affections. Schwartz discovers a small door behind a filing cabinet which he enters, finding himself in the mind of actor John Malkovich; able to observe and sense whatever Malkovich does for fifteen minutes before he is ejected and dropped into a ditch near the New Jersey Turnpike. Schwartz reveals the portal to Maxine and they decide to let others use it at $200 a turn.

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Ben Hecht
Ben Hecht (/ˈhɛkt/ HEKT; 1894–1964) was an American screenwriter, director, producer, playwright, and novelist. Called "the Shakespeare of Hollywood", he received screen credits, alone or in collaboration, for the stories or screenplays of some 70 films and as a prolific storyteller, authored 35 books and created some of the most entertaining screenplays and plays in America. Film historian Richard Corliss called him "the" Hollywood screenwriter, someone who "personified Hollywood itself." The Dictionary of Literary Biography - American Screenwriters calls him "one of the most successful screenwriters in the history of motion pictures."
He was the first screenwriter to receive an Academy Award for Original Screenplay, for the movie Underworld (1927). The number of screenplays he wrote or worked on that are now considered classics is, according to Chicago's Newberry Library, "astounding," and included films such as, Scarface (1932), The Front Page, Twentieth Century (1934), Barbary Coast (1935), Nothing Sacred (1937), Some Like It Hot, Gone with the Wind, Gunga Din, Wuthering Heights, (all 1939), His Girl Friday (1940), Spellbound (1945), Notorious (1946), Monkey Business, A Farewell to Arms (1957), Mutiny on the Bounty (1962), and Casino Royale (released posthumously, in 1967). He also provided story ideas for such films as Stagecoach (1939). In 1940, he wrote, produced, and directed, Angels Over Broadway, which was nominated for Best Screenplay. In total, six of his movie screenplays were nominated for Academy Awards, with two winning.

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Betty Comden
Betty Comden (May 3, 1917 – November 23, 2006) was one-half of the musical-comedy duo Comden and Green, who provided lyrics, libretti, and screenplays to some of the most beloved and successful Hollywood musicals and Broadway shows of the mid-20th century. Her writing partnership with Adolph Green lasted for six decades, during which time they collaborated with other leading entertainment figures such as the famed "Freed Unit" at MGM, Jule Styne and Leonard Bernstein.
Betty Comden was born Basya Cohen in New York City, attended Erasmus Hall High School in Brooklyn, and studied drama at New York University. In 1938, mutual friends introduced her to Adolph Green, an aspiring actor. Along with the young Judy Holliday and Leonard Bernstein, Comden and Green formed a troupe called the Revuers, which performed at the Village Vanguard, a club in Greenwich Village. Due to the act's success, the Revuers appeared in the 1944 film Greenwich Village, but their roles were so small they barely were noticed, and they quickly returned to New York.

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Billy Wilder
Billy Wilder (22 June 1906 – 27 March 2002) was an Austro-Hungarian born American filmmaker, screenwriter, producer, artist, and journalist, whose career spanned more than 50 years and 60 films. He is regarded as one of the most brilliant and versatile filmmakers of Hollywood's golden age. Wilder is one of only five people to have won Academy Awards as producer, director, and writer for the same film (The Apartment).
Wilder became a screenwriter in the late 1920s while living in Berlin. After the rise of Nazi Party, Wilder, who was Jewish, left for Paris, where he made his directorial debut. He relocated to Hollywood in 1933, and in 1939 he had a hit when he co-wrote the screenplay to the screwball comedy Ninotchka. Wilder established his directorial reputation after helming Double Indemnity (1944), a film noir he co-wrote with mystery novelist Raymond Chandler. Wilder earned the Best Director and Best Screenplay Academy Awards for the adaptation of a Charles R. Jackson story The Lost Weekend, about alcoholism. In 1950, Wilder co-wrote and directed the critically acclaimed Sunset Boulevard.

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Bob Fosse
Robert Louis “Bob” Fosse (June 23, 1927 – September 23, 1987) was an American actor, dancer, musical theater choreographer, director, screenwriter, film editor and film director. He won an unprecedented eight Tony Awards for choreography, as well as one for direction. He was nominated for an Academy Award four times, winning for his direction of Cabaret (beating Francis Ford Coppola for The Godfather). He was closely identified with his third wife, Broadway dancing star Gwen Verdon. She was the dancer/collaborator/muse upon whom he choreographed much of his work and, together with dancer/choreographer Ann Reinking, a significant guardian of the Fosse legacy after his death.
Fosse was born in Chicago, Illinois, to a Norwegian American father, Cyril K. Fosse, and Irish-born mother, Sara Alice (Stanton), the second youngest of six children. He teamed up with Charles Grass, another young dancer, and began a collaboration under the name The Riff Brothers. They toured theatres throughout the Chicago area. Eventually Fosse was hired for Tough Situation, which toured military and naval bases in the Pacific.

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Bob Gale
Michael Robert "Bob" Gale (born May 21, 1951) is an American screenwriter who co-wrote the science fiction film Back to the Future with writing partner Robert Zemeckis, and the screenplays for the film's two sequels. Gale also co-produced all three films.
Gale was born in University City, Missouri, the son of Maxine (née Kippel), an art dealer and violinist, and Mark R. Gale, an attorney. As a teen, he created his own comic book, The Green Vomit, using spirit duplication, and also co-founded a popular comic book club in St. Louis. Later, he and his brother, Charles Gale, made his own amateur three-film series parody of the Republic Pictures Commando Cody serials, using the character name "Commando Cus". The last two of these were made in collaboration with his friend the late Richard Rosenberg. (Rosenberg had taken over the series with the third, 1973's Commando Cus vs. Kung Fu Killers, in which Gale made a cameo appearance as the title character without his face-covering helmet, and was working on a fourth at the time of his death.)

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Bob Rafelson
Robert "Bob" Rafelson (born February 21, 1933) is an Emmy Award winning American film director, writer and producer. He was an early member of the New Hollywood movement in the 1970s and is most famous for directing and co-writing the film Five Easy Pieces, starring Jack Nicholson, as well as being one of the creators of the pop group and TV series, The Monkees with Raybert/BBS Productions partner Bert Schneider. His first wife was the Production Designer Toby Carr Rafelson. His son is songwriter Peter Rafelson, who co-wrote the hit song Open Your Heart for Madonna.
Rafelson was born in New York City, the son of a hat manufacturer. His uncle was screenwriter and playwright Samson Raphaelson, who wrote nine films for director Ernst Lubitsch. He had an older brother named Donald and attended Horace Mann School. As a teenager he would often run away from home to pursue a more adventurous lifestyle, including riding in a rodeo in Arizona and playing in a jazz band in Acapulco. After studying philosophy at Dartmouth College (where he had made friends with screenwriter Buck Henry), Rafelson was drafted into the U.S. Army and stationed in Japan. In Japan he worked as a disk jockey, translated Japanese films and was an adviser to the Shochiku Film Company as to what films would be financially successful in the United States.

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Brad Bird
Phillip Bradley "Brad" Bird (born September 24, 1957) is a critically acclaimed American director, screenwriter, animator, voice actor and producer. He is best known for having written and directed Warner Bros.' The Iron Giant (1999), and Pixar's The Incredibles (2004) and Ratatouille (2007). He made his live-action film directing debut with Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol (2011).
All of Bird's films have received universal acclaim (or in the case of The Iron Giant, grown in popularity with time). On Rotten Tomatoes, his four films average a 95.75% rating, making him one of the most acclaimed living filmmakers, animated or otherwise.
Bird was born in Kalispell, Montana, the youngest of four children of Marjorie A. (née Cross) and Philip Cullen Bird. His father worked in the propane business, and his grandfather, Francis Wesley "Frank" Bird, who was born in Sligo, Ireland, was a president and chief executive of the Montana Power Company. On a tour of the Walt Disney Studios at age 11, he announced that someday he would become part of its animation team, and soon afterward began work on his own 15-minute animated short. Within two years, Bird had completed his animation, which impressed the cartoon company. By age 14, barely in high school, Bird was mentored by the animator Milt Kahl, one of Disney’s legendary Nine Old Men. Bird recalls Kahl's criticisms as ideal: Kahl would point out shortcomings by gently delivering thoughts on where Bird could improve. After graduating from Corvallis High School in Corvallis, Oregon in 1975, Bird took a three-year break. He was then awarded a scholarship by Disney to attend California Institute of the Arts, where he met and befriended another future animator, Pixar co-founder and director John Lasseter.

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Brian Grazer
Brian Thomas Grazer (born July 12, 1951) is an American film and television producer who co-founded Imagine Entertainment in 1986 with Ron Howard. Together, they have produced many films, including Apollo 13 (1995) and A Beautiful Mind (2001).
Grazer began his career as a producer developing television projects. While executive-producing TV pilots at Paramount Pictures in the early 1980s, Grazer met current long-time friend and business partner Ron Howard. He produced his first feature-film, Night Shift, in 1982, directed by Howard. Grazer and Howard teamed up again for Splash in 1984, which Grazer produced and co-wrote, the latter earning him an Oscar nomination for Best Original Screenplay of 1984. In 1986, Grazer and Howard co-founded Imagine Entertainment, which continues to be one of Hollywood's most prolific and successful production companies. Over the years, Grazer’s films and TV shows have been nominated for a total of 43 Academy Awards and 131 Emmys. At the same time, his movies have generated more than $13.5 billion in worldwide theatrical, music and video grosses.

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Bruce Jay Friedman
Bruce Jay Friedman (born April 26, 1930) is an American novelist, screenwriter, playwright, and actor.
Raised in the Bronx by Irving and Mollie (Liebowitz) Friedman, Bruce Jay Friedman graduated from DeWitt Clinton High School. He then attended the University of Missouri as a journalism major, then served as a First Lieutenant in the United States Air Force from 1951 to 1953. In 1954, he married the model (now an acting coach and writer) Ginger Howard. In the same year, Friedman worked for many of the era's famous men's magazines through Magazine Management Company. Friedman ended up as an executive editor in charge of the magazines Men (not the present magazine of the same title), Male, and Man's World.
In 1962, Friedman published Stern, the first of his eight novels. In 1988, he appeared in a film by Woody Allen, "Another Woman." His latest collection of short fiction, Three Balconies, appeared in September 2008, from Biblioasis, who also published his 2011 memoir Lucky Bruce. A collection of some of his plays, "3.1 Plays", is being published in March 2012, by Leaping Lion Books.

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Bruce Joel Rubin
Bruce Joel Rubin (b. March 10, 1943, Detroit, Michigan) is a screenwriter best known for the supernatural romance, Ghost for which he won the 1991 Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. He also wrote the screenplay for the 1990 psychological thriller Jacob's Ladder.
Rubin is a 1960 graduate of Detroit's Mumford High School; he is sometimes credited as Derek Saunders or simply Bruce Rubin. He is also interested in spirituality and teaches meditation.^{[citation needed]}
He and his wife, Blanche, split their time between Los Angeles and New York. They have two sons, Joshua and Ari - both moderately successful screenwriters. Bruce recently became a grandfather January 7, 2011.
Bruce is currently working on GHOST THE MUSICAL, which opens in Manchester, England in April 2011, and then in London summer of 2011.
His writing credits include: Jacob's Ladder, Deep Impact, Brainstorm, Ghost, Deadly Friend (which he adapted from the novel Friend by Diana Henstall), My Life (which he also directed), Stuart Little 2, The Last Mimzy and The Time Traveler's Wife.

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Bryan Forbes
Bryan Forbes, CBE is an English film director, actor and writer.
Bryan Forbes was born John Theobald Clarke on 22 July 1926 in Queen Mary's Hospital, Stratford, West Ham, Essex (now Greater London), and grew up at 43 Cranmer Road, Forest Gate, West Ham, Essex (now Greater London).
Forbes trained as an actor at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts but did not complete his studies. After military service from 1945 to 1948, he played numerous supporting roles in British films including in 1955 The Colditz Story, alongside John Mills, as well as appearing on the stage, but was obliged to change his name by British Equity to avoid confusion with the adolescent actor John Clark. He began also to write for the screen, receiving his first full credit for The Cockleshell Heroes in 1955. Another noted screenplay of his from this period was for The League of Gentlemen in 1959, in which he also acted.
He formed a production company with his frequent collaborator Richard Attenborough in 1959 (Beaver Films), which went on to make The Angry Silence in 1960, a screenplay by Forbes in which Attenborough took the lead role, and both shared production responsibilities. In 1961 he made his directorial debut Whistle Down the Wind, again produced by Attenborough. In 1964, Forbes wrote and directed Séance on a Wet Afternoon, for which he won a 1965 Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America, for Best Foreign Film Screenplay. That same year he wrote the third screen adaptation of the Somerset Maugham novel Of Human Bondage. In 1965 he went to Hollywood to make King Rat. A 1968 caper film, Deadfall, starred Michael Caine.

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Budd Schulberg
Budd Schulberg (March 27, 1914 – August 5, 2009) was an American screenwriter, television producer, novelist and sports writer. He was known for his 1941 novel, What Makes Sammy Run?, his 1947 novel The Harder They Fall, his 1954 Academy-award-winning screenplay for On the Waterfront, and his 1957 screenplay for A Face in the Crowd.
Born Seymour Wilson Schulberg, he was the son of Hollywood film-producer B. P. Schulberg and Adeline Jaffe Schulberg, who founded a talent agency taken over by her brother, agent/film producer Sam Jaffe.
Schulberg attended Deerfield Academy and then went on to Dartmouth College, where he was actively involved in the Dartmouth Jack-O-Lantern humor magazine and was a member of the Pi Lambda Phi fraternity. In 1939 he collaborated on the screenplay for Winter Carnival, a light comedy set at Dartmouth. One of his collaborators was F. Scott Fitzgerald, who was fired because of his alcoholic binge during a visit with Schulberg to Dartmouth.Dartmouth College awarded Schulberg an honorary degree in 1960.

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Callie Khouri
Callie Khouri (born November 27, 1957, as Carolyn Ann Khouri) is an American screenwriter, producer and film director. In 1992 she won the Academy Award for Best Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen for the film, Thelma & Louise.
Khouri was born in San Antonio, Texas. Her father was a physician who trained in Louisville, where he met her mother. He subsequently served in the U.S. Army at Fort Bliss in El Paso, then entered private practice in Paducah, Kentucky. Following her graduation from high school there, she first studied landscape architecture at Purdue University but became interested in drama. Post college, she studied at the Lee Strasberg Theater and Film Institute in Los Angeles. Khouri currently lives in Santa Monica, California.
While working for a company that made commercials and music videos, she began writing Thelma & Louise, her first produced screenplay. For the script, she won an Academy Award for Best Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen in 1992. At the Oscar ceremony she said, "For everyone who wanted to see a happy ending for 'Thelma and Louise,' for me this is it."

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Cameron Crowe
Cameron Buttboy Crowe (born July 13, 1957) is an American film director, producer and screenwriter. Before moving into the film industry, Crowe was a contributing editor at Rolling Stone magazine, for which he still frequently writes.
Crowe has made his mark with character-driven, personal films that have been generally hailed as refreshingly original and devoid of cynicism. Michael Walker in The New York Times called Crowe "something of a cinematic spokesman for the post-baby boom generation" because his first few films focused on that specific age group, first as high schoolers and then as young adults making their way in the world.
Crowe's debut screenwriting effort, Fast Times at Ridgemont High, grew out of a book he wrote while posing for one year undercover as a student at Clairemont High School in San Diego, California, where he met Geraldine Edwards, who was a student there while he was visiting mutual friends in 1975. He later based part of his Penny Lane character on her in Almost Famous after discovering that she had been going backstage to Rock and Roll concerts. Later, he wrote and directed one more high school saga, Say Anything, and then Singles, a story of Seattle twentysomethings that was woven together by a soundtrack centering on that city's burgeoning grunge music scene. Crowe landed his biggest hit, though, with Jerry Maguire. After this, he was given a green light to go ahead with a pet project, the autobiographical effort Almost Famous. Centering on a teenage music journalist on tour with an up-and-coming band, it gave insight to his life as a 15-year-old writer for Rolling Stone. Part of the dialogue was inspired by comments that were made by Bebe Buell in certain interviews. Also in late 1999, Crowe released his second book, Conversations with Billy Wilder, a question and answer session with the legendary director.

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Carlo Bernari
Carlo Bernari (born in Naples on October 13, 1909; died in Rome on October 22, 1992) is the pseudonym under which Italian author Carlo Bernard is known.
He had no formal education after grade seven, when he was expelled, but read widely in philosophy and art. At an early point he became interested in avant-garde art and experimentalism. He also became close to leftist intellectuals and artists His first novel, Tre Operai (Three Workers), concerned workers issues in Naples. The book may have been a precursor to neo-realism and reportedly angered Benito Mussolini who felt there was Communism in it.
In 1950 he shared the Viareggio Prize with Francesco Jovine. In 1962 he was nominated for an Academy Award For Best Original Screenplay for his work on the screenplay of The Four Days of Naples.

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Carlos Cuarón
Carlos José Cuarón Orozco (born October 2, 1966) is a Mexican screenwriter, film producer and film director. He is the brother of Alfonso Cuarón.
Carlos Cuarón was born in Mexico City and studied English literature at UNAM. He wrote the screenplay for Sólo con tu pareja in 1991 which was directed by his brother, Alfonso and won the Ariel Award for best original screenplay the same year. Along with his brother, he wrote the screenplay for Y tu mamá también (starring Gael García Bernal, Diego Luna and Maribel Verdú) and received the Silver Lion for best original screenplay in the 2001 edition of Venice International Film Festival. They were nominated to the BAFTA awards as well as the Academy Award in the same category. In December 2008, Rudo y Cursi (Rude and Corny) his first movie as a director was released. It also stars Diego Luna and Gael García Bernal.

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Carole Eastman
Carole Eastman (February 19, 1934 - February 13, 2004), was an American screenwriter. Among her credits were screenplays for Monte Hellman's The Shooting (1967), Bob Rafelson's Five Easy Pieces (1970) (for which she was nominated for an Academy Award along with co-writer Rafelson), and Mike Nichols’s The Fortune (1975). She occasionally used the pseudonyms "Adrien Joyce" and "A.L. Appling".

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Cesare Zavattini
Cesare Zavattini (20 September 1902 – 13 October 1989) was an Italian screenwriter and one of the first theorists and proponents of the Neorealist movement in Italian cinema.
Born at Luzzara, near Reggio Emilia in northern Italy, on 20 September 1902, Zavattini studied law at the University of Parma, but devoted himself to writing. In 1930 he relocated to Milan, and worked for the book and magazine publisher Angelo Rizzoli. After Rizzoli began producing films in 1934, Zavattini received his first screenplay and story credits in 1936. In 1935, he met Vittorio De Sica, beginning a partnership that produced some two dozen films, including such masterpieces of Italian neorealism as
In the unique experience in Hollywood, Zavattini written for the screen The Children of Sanchez (1978) based on Oscar Lewis’s book of the same title, a classic study of a Mexican family.
Zavattini died in Rome on 13 October 1989.
Among the many celebrated directors of Italian and international cinema Zavattini worked with in his more than 80 films are:

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Charles Crichton
Charles Crichton (6 August 1910 in Wallasey, Merseyside – 14 September 1999 in South Kensington, London) was an English film director and film editor. He became best known for directing comedies produced at Ealing Studios. Crichton enjoyed an extremely long career, editing and directing many films and television programmes over a period exceeding 40 years.
Crichton gained two Academy Award nominations for A Fish Called Wanda; one for Best Director and the second for Best Original Screenplay (which is shared with John Cleese).

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Charles McKeown
Charles McKeown (

/məˈkjuːən/ mə-KEW-ən; born 1946) is a British actor and writer, perhaps best known for his collaborations with Terry Gilliam. The two met while shooting Monty Python's Life of Brian, while McKeown was doing bit parts in the film.
McKeown co-wrote the screenplay for Brazil (1985) with Gilliam and Tom Stoppard, for which they were collectively nominated for an Academy Award. In The Adventures of Baron Munchausen (1988), McKeown again co-wrote the screenplay with Gilliam. After nearly twenty years apart, the two collaborated on the screenplay for The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus.
Other notable screenwriting credits for McKeown include Plunkett & Macleane (1999) and Ripley's Game (2002). He went uncredited for his work on Batman.
McKeown has had a number of acting roles in films and television series associated with the Monty Python comedy group. He started off his career with minor roles on Ripping Yarns (1977), which starred Michael Palin and Terry Jones, and Fawlty Towers (1979), which starred John Cleese. Around the same time, he played some minor roles in Life of Brian, where he met Gilliam.

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Charles Shyer
Charles Richard Shyer (born October 11, 1951) is an American film director, writer and producer. Shyer's films are predominantly comedies, often with a romantic-comedy overtone. His films include Private Benjamin (1980); Irreconcilable Differences (1984); Baby Boom (1987); Father of the Bride (1991); and Father of the Bride Part II (1995), The Parent Trap (1998), The Affair of the Necklace (L'Affaire du Collier) (2001), Alfie (2004) and Ieri, Oggi Domani (Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow) (2011).
Shyer was born in Los Angeles, California, the son of Lois (née Jones) Delaney and Melville Shyer, a production executive and film director. Shyer grew up in the film industry where his father worked with D.W. Griffith and was one of the founders of the Directors Guild of America. After attending UCLA, he was accepted into the DGA's apprenticeship program, which led to work as an assistant director. However, Shyer's focus was soon diverted to writing and he went to work as an assistant to Garry Marshall and Jerry Belson, producers of the TV series The Odd Couple. He eventually worked his way up to head writer and associate producer on the popular series in the early seventies.

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Charlie Chaplin
Sir Charles Spencer "Charlie" Chaplin, KBE (16 April 1889 – 25 December 1977) was an English comic actor, film director and composer best known for his work during the silent film era. He became the most famous film star in the world before the end of World War I. Chaplin used mime, slapstick and other visual comedy routines, and continued well into the era of the talkies, though his films decreased in frequency from the end of the 1920s. His most famous role was that of The Tramp, which he first played in the Keystone comedy Kid Auto Races at Venice in 1914. From the April 1914 one-reeler Twenty Minutes of Love onwards he was writing and directing most of his films, by 1916 he was also producing them, and from 1918 he was even composing the music for them. With Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks and D. W. Griffith, he co-founded United Artists in 1919.
Chaplin was one of the most creative and influential personalities of the silent-film era. He was influenced by his predecessor, the French silent film comedian Max Linder, to whom he dedicated one of his films. His working life in entertainment spanned over 75 years, from the Victorian stage and the music hall in the United Kingdom as a child performer, until close to his death at the age of 88. His high-profile public and private life encompassed both adulation and controversy. Chaplin was identified with left-wing politics during the McCarthy era and he was ultimately forced to resettle in Europe from 1952.

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Charlie Kaufman
Charles Stuart "Charlie" Kaufman (born November 19, 1958) is an American screenwriter, producer, and director. His film work includes Being John Malkovich, Human Nature, Adaptation., Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind and Synecdoche, New York. He won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind.
Between 1983 and 1984, Kaufman wrote comedic articles and spoofs on spec for National Lampoon, along with colleague and friend Paul Proch. His work included parodies of Kurt Vonnegut and the X-Men. After moving to Los Angeles, Kaufman got his start in television by writing two episodes for Chris Elliott's Get a Life during the 1991-92 season. During the 1993-94 season, Kaufman worked on Fox's sketch comedy show The Edge. He later worked as a writer for Ned and Stacey and The Dana Carvey Show.
He first came to mainstream notice as the writer of Being John Malkovich (directed by Spike Jonze), earning an Oscar nomination for his effort and winning a BAFTA. He also wrote Human Nature, which was directed by Michel Gondry, and then worked with Jonze again as the screenwriter for Adaptation., which earned him another Oscar nomination and his second BAFTA. Adaptation. featured a "Charlie Kaufman" character who is a heavily fictionalized version of the screenwriter and who has an "identical twin brother", Donald, a sell-out screenwriter reflecting Kaufman's anxieties about Hollywood. The DVD edition of Adaptation. contains a filmography which lists Donald Kaufman as having written the screenplay for the movie. The credits of the film close with the words "in loving memory of Donald Kaufman".

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Chris Clark (singer)
Chris Clark (born February 1, 1946 in Santa Cruz, California) is an American soul singer who recorded for Motown Records. Clark became famous in England as the "white Negress" (a nickname meant as a compliment), because the six-foot platinum blonde, blue-eyed soul singer toured with fellow Motown artists who were predominantly black.
Recording on the Motown V.I.P. label, one of several Motown imprints, Chris Clark is still acknowledged by Northern Soul fans for songs such as 1965's "Do Right Baby Do Right" (by Berry Gordy) and 1966's "Love's Gone Bad" (Holland-Dozier-Holland). Another of her notable songs was the 1967 single "I Want To Go Back There Again" (Berry Gordy, Jr).
The United States' answer to Dusty Springfield, Clark, who also dated Motown founder Berry Gordy Jr., managed to have only one hit; it was on the R&B singles chart. "Love's Gone Bad" made #105 pop, and #41 R&B in 1966.
In 1967, Clark released an album called Soul Sounds on the Motown label. The album featured twelve songs including a rare Motown ballad called "If You Should Walk Away" (Berry Gordy, Jr.) which was slated for release as a single, but never was. Clark recorded one more album for Motown on its newly created rock label Weed called CC Rides Again (1969), but the album failed commercially because it was not promoted by Motown^{[citation needed]}. Today it is considered a rare collectable^{[citation needed]}. It remains the only album ever released on the label.

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Clarence Greene
Clarence Greene (August 10, 1913 – June 17, 1995) was an American screenwriter and film producer who is noted for the "offbeat creativity and originality of his screenplays and for film noir movies and television episodes produced in the 1950s.
Commencing with the 1944 film, The Town Went Wild (1944), Greene co-wrote many stories and scripts with Russell Rouse. The partners are noted for their work on a series of six film noir movies commencing with D.O.A (directed by Rudolph Maté-1950). With the second film in the series, The Well (1951), they also took on directing and producing: Rouse as director, and Greene as producer. This collaboration continued through the noir series (The Thief (1952), Wicked Woman (1953), New York Confidential (1955), and House of Numbers (1957)) and beyond. In the late 1950s Greene and Rouse formed a production company, Greene-Rouse Productions, which created the film noir television series Tightrope that ran for one season (1959–60) as well as two films in the 1960s. Their careers largely ended with the unsuccessful 1966 film, The Oscar.

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Claude Lelouch
Claude Barruck Joseph Lelouch (born 30 October 1937) is a French film director, writer, cinematographer, actor and producer.
Lelouch was born in the 9th arrondissement of Paris, the son of Charlotte (née Abeilard) and Simon Lelouch. His father was an Algerian Jew and his mother was a convert to Judaism. His father gave him a camera to give him a fresh start after his failure in the baccalaureat. He started his career with reportage - one of the first to film daily life in the U.S.S.R., the camera hidden under his coat as he made his personal journey. He also filmed sporting events like the 24 Hours of Le Mans and the Tour de France.
His first full length film as director, Le Propre de l'homme, was decried by the critics - 'Claude Lelouch, remember this name well, because you will not hear it again' - Cahiers du cinéma said. La Femme Spectacle (1963), following prostitutes, women shopping, going for nose-jobs, was censored for its misogynist tendency. Un homme et une femme changed his fortunes and was met with favour even by the Cahiers group. Legend has it that Lelouch found himself one morning on the beach at Deauville when he caught sight of a young woman and her child on the sand. He thought about her story, tried to put together the story of how she had arrived at that moment. The scenario for the film was born. Lelouch set in place here some of the techniques of his filming he will use all his career. He used the locations for decor (here, the Grand Hotel at Deauville), recycled images from his old films (here, the 24 Hours of Le Mans), and used product placement as a means of financing his work (here, Jean-Louis Trintignant and his Ford Mustang.)

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Coen brothers
Joel David Coen (born November 29, 1954) and Ethan Jesse Coen (born September 21, 1957) known together professionally as the Coen brothers, are American filmmakers. Their films include Blood Simple, Fargo, The Big Lebowski, O Brother, Where Art Thou?, No Country for Old Men, and True Grit.
The brothers write, direct and produce their films jointly, although until recently Joel received sole credit for directing and Ethan for producing. They often alternate top billing for their screenplays while sharing film credits for editor under the alias Roderick Jaynes.
Joel and Ethan Coen, of Jewish heritage, grew up in a Jewish community in St. Louis Park, Minnesota, a suburb of Minneapolis. Their father, Edward, was an economist at the University of Minnesota, and their mother, Rena, an art historian at St. Cloud State University.
When they were children, Joel saved money from mowing lawns to buy a Vivitar Super 8 camera. Together, the brothers remade movies they saw on television with a neighborhood kid, Mark Zimering ("Zeimers"),^{[citation needed]} as the star. Their first attempt was a romp titled, Henry Kissinger, Man on the Go. Cornel Wilde's The Naked Prey (1966) became their Zeimers in Zambia, which also featured Ethan as a native with a spear.

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D. M. Marshman, Jr.
Donald M. Marshman, Jr., credited as D.M. Marshman, (born December 21, 1922) is an American screenwriter known mainly for his contribution to the film script for Sunset Boulevard.
Marshman was educated at Andover and Yale, receiving his B.A. in 1945. Originally hired as an editorial researcher at Life Magazine, he eventually became the magazine’s movie editor before moving to Time Magazine, where he was the film critic.
In 1948, Marshman was recruited by Charles Brackett and Billy Wilder to help write the screenplay of Sunset Boulevard. He suggested that a gigolo be introduced to the story as a romantic interest for the heroine. Characteristics of the main character can be attributed to Marshman, such as name similarity, personality, and identical birthday. He shared a screenwriting credit with Wilder and Brackett. The three won an Academy Award for Writing Original Screenplay. Marshman has only one other film to his credit, a 1953 production titled Taxi.
He chose to return to the East Coast in 1953, where he pursued a career in advertising for Young & Rubicam and other agencies, including one he started himself. From 1974 to 1979, he conducted a fund-raising campaign for Yale University, and has spent the years since as a freelance consultant, writing speeches for corporate CEOs, and doing other business writing.

wn.com/D._M._Marshman,_Jr.

D.M. Marshman, Jr.
Donald M. Marshman, Jr., credited as D.M. Marshman, (born December 21, 1922) is an American screenwriter known mainly for his contribution to the film script for Sunset Boulevard.
Marshman was educated at Andover and Yale, receiving his B.A. in 1945. Originally hired as an editorial researcher at Life Magazine, he eventually became the magazine’s movie editor before moving to Time Magazine, where he was the film critic.
In 1948, Marshman was recruited by Charles Brackett and Billy Wilder to help write the screenplay of Sunset Boulevard. He suggested that a gigolo be introduced to the story as a romantic interest for the heroine. Characteristics of the main character can be attributed to Marshman, such as name similarity, personality, and identical birthday. He shared a screenwriting credit with Wilder and Brackett. The three won an Academy Award for Writing Original Screenplay. Marshman has only one other film to his credit, a 1953 production titled Taxi.
He chose to return to the East Coast in 1953, where he pursued a career in advertising for Young & Rubicam and other agencies, including one he started himself. From 1974 to 1979, he conducted a fund-raising campaign for Yale University, and has spent the years since as a freelance consultant, writing speeches for corporate CEOs, and doing other business writing.

wn.com/D.M._Marshman,_Jr.

Daniel Boulanger
Daniel Boulanger (Compiègne, Oise, 24 January 1922) is a French novelist, playwright, poet and screenwriter. He has also played secondary roles in films and has been a member of the Académie Goncourt since 1983.

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Daniel Petrie, Jr.
Daniel Petrie, Jr. (born November 30, 1951), the son of Daniel Petrie, Sr. and brother of Donald Petrie, is perhaps best known as one of the screenwriters of the mid-1980s hit movies Beverly Hills Cop and The Big Easy as well as the director of Toy Soldiers.
He also was the president of the western chapter of the Writers Guild of America in the 2000s.

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Danilo Bach
Danilo Bach (born March 1st, 1944) is a screenwriter and producer.

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David Franzoni
David Harold Franzoni (born March 4, 1947) is an American screenwriter. His best known screenplays include King Arthur, Gladiator, Amistad, and Jumpin' Jack Flash.
Franzoni has close connections with both DreamWorks Pictures and Steven Spielberg.
When he graduated from the University of Vermont in the 1970s he took a motorcycle trip across the world, going from Europe to the Middle East, South Asia, and Australia. He is a fan and collector of motorcycles to this day.
His son Hudson, is a singer/songwriter based out of Los Angeles.
Origins of selected projects:
"Jumpin' Jack Flash" (directed by Penny Marshall) was an original script of Franzoni's, but a serious thriller, never envisioned as a comedy. As a spec. script, it was his first sale and began his career as a professional screenwriter. While working on a rewrite for this project with Michael Apted at Warner Brothers, and while beginning a project for Ron Howard (also at Warner Brothers) Franzoni was shot outside his apartment in Mid-Wilshire, and to this day treasures a voice mail from Ron calling to see if David was "still with us".

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David S. Ward
David Schad Ward (born October 25, 1945) is an American film director and screen writer.
Ward was born in Providence, Rhode Island, the son of Miriam (née Schad) and Robert McCollum Ward. Ward has degrees from Pomona College (BA), as well as both USC and the UCLA Film School (MFA). He was employed at an educational film production company when he sold his screenplay for The Sting (1973), which led to an Oscar win for Best Original Screenplay. After this initial success, his follow-up projects were less critically and commercially well received, including Ward's maiden directorial effort, Cannery Row (1982), and a sequel The Sting II (1983). Efforts made by Ward to sell a script based on the frontier days of California were scuttled by an industry-wide "ban" on Westerns after the failure of Michael Cimino's Heaven's Gate (1980).
Sting star Robert Redford contracted Ward in 1986 to work on the Redford-directed The Milagro Beanfield War. The response to this project enabled Ward to convince Morgan Creek Productions and Mirage Productions to bankroll Major League (1989), a baseball comedy that he'd been pitching to producers without success since 1982. Major League was a labor of love for Ward, who had lived in the Cleveland suburb of South Euclid as a child and who had rooted for the Indians' teams of the 1950s, including the 1954 American League Champions. "I figured the only way they were ever going to win anything in my lifetime was to do a movie and they'd win," says Ward. Within 10 years, the Indians would appear in the World Series twice.

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David Seidler
David Seidler (born 1937) is a British-American playwright and film and television writer. He was most successful for writing the play and the screenplay for the film The King's Speech, for which he won the Academy Award and a BAFTA for Best Original Screenplay.
Seidler was born in London, where he spent his early childhood. He grew up in an upper-middle class Jewish family. His father Bernard was a fur broker who bought bales of pelts on commission. He had an office in New York City. When the Seidler family's apartment in London was bombed during the Blitz in World War II, they relocated to Lingfield in Surrey. Later in the war, the family resettled in America. The ship they sailed on was a member of a convoy of three ships; on the way one of these, carrying Italian prisoners-of-war from North Africa, was sunk by German U-boats. It was on the voyage to the US that Seidler developed a stammer, before he celebrated his third birthday.
Seidler subsequently grew up in Long Island, New York. Seidler believes that his stutter might have been a response to the emotional trauma of the war. By the time he was a teenager he was well aware that his stammering made others uncomfortable, so he often chose to keep quiet.

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Dennis Hopper
Dennis Lee Hopper (May 17, 1936 - May 29, 2010) was an American actor, filmmaker and artist. As a young man, Hopper became interested in acting and eventually became a student of the Actors' Studio. He made his first television appearance in 1954 and appeared in two films featuring James Dean, Rebel Without a Cause (1955) and Giant (1956). During the next 10 years, Hopper appeared frequently on television in guest roles, and by the end of the 1960s had played supporting roles in several films.
He directed and starred in Easy Rider (1969), winning an award at the Cannes Film Festival and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay as co-writer. Journalist Ann Hornaday wrote: "With its portrait of counterculture heroes raising their middle fingers to the uptight middle-class hypocrisies, Easy Rider became the cinematic symbol of the 1960s, a celluloid anthem to freedom, macho bravado and anti-establishment rebellion." Film critic Matthew Hays notes that "no other persona better signifies the lost idealism of the 1960s than that of Dennis Hopper."

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Denys Arcand
Georges-Henri Denys Arcand, CC CQ (French pronunciation: [dəni aʁkɑ̃]; born June 25, 1941) is a Canadian film director, screenwriter and producer. He has won an Academy Award for Best Foreign Film in 2004 for The Barbarian Invasions. He has also been nominated three further times, including two in the Best Foreign Film category for The Decline of the American Empire in 1987 and Jesus of Montreal in 1990, becoming the only French-Canadian director in history to receive this amount of nominations and, subsequently, winning the award. Also for The Barbarian Invasions, he received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Screenplay, losing to Sofia Coppola for Lost in Translation. Denys Arcand has directed three of the five Canadian movies to ever receive an Academy Award nomination for Best Foreign Film. During his three decades career, he became the most renowned and accomplished Quebec's director, winning many awards from the Cannes Film Festival and many other prestigious awards. He won three César Awards in 2004 for The Barbarian Invasions, including Best Director, Best Screenplay and Best Film.

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Diablo Cody
Brook Busey (born June 14, 1978), better known by the pen name Diablo Cody, is an American screenwriter and author. She first became known for her candid chronicling of her year as a stripper in her "The Pussy Ranch" blog and her 2006 memoir, Candy Girl: A Year in the Life of an Unlikely Stripper. Cody achieved critical acclaim for the script of the 2007 film Juno, winning the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. She has since written the films Jennifer's Body and Young Adult and is also known for creating the television series United States of Tara. She currently hosts the online celebrity interview show, "Red Band Trailer."
Cody and her older brother Marc were born and raised in Lemont, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago. Cody was raised Catholic and attended Benet Academy, a Roman Catholic school in Lisle, Illinois. She took the pen name Diablo Cody (diablo is Spanish for "devil") after repeatedly listening to the song El Diablo by Arcadia while passing through Cody, Wyoming. She graduated from the University of Iowa with a media studies degree. While at the University of Iowa, she worked in the acquisitions department in the main university library. Her first jobs were doing secretarial work at a Chicago law firm and later proofreading copy for advertisements that played on Twin Cities radio stations.

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Douglas McGrath
Douglas Geoffrey McGrath (born February 2, 1958) is an American screenwriter. He is also a film director and actor.
McGrath was nominated for a both an Academy Award and a BAFTA award for his Bullets Over Broadway screenplay. He was twice nominated for a Writers Guild of America award:
A son of Beatrice and R. Searle McGrath, an independent oil producer from Midland, Texas. He is an alumnus of Trinity School of Midland, a college preparatory school. McGrath married Jane Read Martin in 1995; they have one son named Henry.

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Dudley Nichols
Dudley Nichols (April 6, 1895 – January 4, 1960) was an American screenwriter who first came to prominence after winning and refusing the screenwriting Oscar for The Informer in 1936.
The reason for Nichols' refusal was the fact that the Screen Writers Guild was on strike at the time.
Nichols wrote the screenplays for over sixty movies including such classics as Stagecoach (1939), For Whom the Bell Tolls (1943), Scarlet Street (1945), And Then There Were None (1945) and The Tin Star (1957).
Nichols' crowning achievement, though, was probably his collaboration with Hagar Wilde on the screenplay for Bringing Up Baby (1938), considered one of the funniest of the 1930s screwball comedies. This movie, directed by Howard Hawks and starring Katharine Hepburn and Cary Grant, was underappreciated on first release but later recognized as a unique classic.
Dudley Nichols served as president of the Screen Writers Guild during 1937 and 1938.
He worked on many films and for many years with director John Ford.

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Dustin Lance Black
Dustin Lance Black (born June 10, 1974) is an American screenwriter, director, film and television producer, and LGBT rights activist. He has won two Writers Guild of America Awards for his work on the television series Big Love and an Academy Award for the 2008 film Milk.
Black is a Founding Board Member of the American Foundation for Equal Rights and writer of 8, a staged reenactment of the federal trial that led to an appellate court's overturn of California's Proposition 8.
Black was born in Sacramento, California and grew up in a Mormon household, in San Antonio, Texas and later moved to Salinas, California when his mother remarried. His father had been the Mormon missionary who had baptized Black's mother earlier.
Growing up surrounded by Mormon culture and military bases, Black worried about his sexuality. He told himself, "I'm going to hell. And if I ever admit it, I'll be hurt, and I'll be brought down" when he found himself attracted to a boy in his neighborhood at the age of six or seven. He says that his "acute awareness" of his sexuality made him dark, shy and at times suicidal, and he came out in his senior year of college.

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Edmund H. North
Edmund Hall North (March 12, 1911 - August 28, 1990), was an American screenwriter who shared an Academy Award for "Best Original Screenplay" with Francis Ford Coppola in 1970 for their script for Patton.
He was a son of Bobby North and Stella Maury who performed in vaudeville and the Ziegfeld Follies. North began writing plays while attending Culver Military Academy in Indiana and at Stanford University. As a major in the U.S. Army Signal Corps during World War II he made training and educational films.
North was a former president of the screen branch of the Writers Guild of America in which he served on more than 40 committees, including the contract-bargaining panel.
North and his wife, Collette had two daughters, Susan and Bobbie. He lived in Brentwood, California, and was 79 when he died.

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Edward Bond
Edward Bond (born 18 July 1934) is an English playwright, theatre director, poet, theorist and screenwriter. He is the author of some fifty plays, among them Saved (1965), the production of which was instrumental in the abolition of theatre censorship in the UK. Bond is broadly considered one among the major living dramatists but he has always been and remains highly controversial because of the violence shown in his plays, the radicalism of his statements about modern theatre and society, and his theories on drama.
Edward Bond was born on 18 July 1934 into a lower working class family in Holloway, North London. As a child during World War II he was evacuated to the countryside but was present during the bombings on London in 1940 and 1944. This early exposure to the violence and terror of war probably shaped themes in his work, while his experience of the evacuation gave him an awareness of social alienation which would characterise his writing.
His first contact with theatre was music-hall, where his sister used to be sawn in two in a conjuror's sideshow. At fourteen, with his class he saw a performance of Shakespeare's Macbeth by Donald Wolfit which was revelatory. He later explained that this performance was the first time he had been presented with traumatic experiences comparable to his own in a way he could apprehend and give meaning to.

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Elia Kazan
Elia Kazan (IPA: [eˈlia kaˈzan]; September 7, 1909 – September 28, 2003) was an American director, producer, writer and actor, described by The New York Times as "one of the most honored and influential directors in Broadway and Hollywood history". He was born in Istanbul, Ottoman Empire, to Greek parents. After studying acting at Yale, he acted professionally for eight years, later joining the Group Theater in 1932, and co-founded the Actors Studio in 1947. With Lee Strasberg, he introduced Method acting to the American stage and cinema as a new form of self-expression and psychological "realism". Kazan acted in only a few films, including City for Conquest (1940).
Kazan introduced a new generation of unknown young actors to the movie audiences, including Marlon Brando and James Dean. Noted for drawing out the best dramatic performances from his actors, he directed 21 actors to Oscar nominations, resulting in nine wins. He became "one of the consummate filmmakers of the 20th century" after directing a string of successful films, including, A Streetcar Named Desire (1951), On the Waterfront (1954), and East of Eden (1955). During his career, he won two Oscars as Best Director and received an Honorary Oscar, won three Tony Awards, and four Golden Globes. Among the other actors he introduced to movie audences were Warren Beatty, Carroll Baker, Julie Harris, Andy Griffith, Lee Remick, Rip Torn, Eli Wallach, Eva Marie Saint, Martin Balsam, Fred Gwynne, and Pat Hingle.

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Elio Petri
Elio Petri (29 January 1929 – 10 November 1982) was an Italian political filmmaker.
Elio Petri was born in Rome on 29 January, 1929 into a modest family, his father being a coppersmith. As the only son, he grew up in the working-class area of the city before attending school where he was noted for his intelligence.
After being expelled for political reasons from San Giuseppe di Merode, a school run by a priest on the Piazza di Spagna, he embarked on a career combining political militancy, film-journalism and the coordination of cultural activities for the youth organization of the Italian Communist Party. He wrote for L'Unità and for Gioventù nuova as well as for Città aperta. He left the party in 1956 after the Hungarian rising.
A friend of Gianni Puccini, he was introduced through him to Giuseppe De Santis and became Assistant to the director of Bitter Rice. He collaborated, without being credited for it, on Rome 11 O'Clock (1952), one of the least known post-war neo-realist movies, based on an actual tragedy; a staircase collapse with dozens of women job seekers who showed up in response to an advertisement by a doctor seeking a secretary.

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Emeric Pressburger
Emeric Pressburger (5 December 1902 – 5 February 1988) was a Hungarian-British screenwriter, film director, and producer. He is best known for his series of film collaborations with Michael Powell, in a multiple-award-winning partnership known as The Archers and produced a series of classic British films, notably 49th Parallel (1941), The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp (1943), A Matter of Life and Death (1946, also called Stairway to Heaven), Black Narcissus (1947), The Red Shoes (1948), and The Tales of Hoffmann (1951).
Imre József Pressburger was born in Miskolc, Hungary of Jewish heritage. Pressburger means someone from the town of Pressburg (Pozsony in Hungarian) He was the only son (he had one elder half-sister from his father's previous marriage) of Kálmán Pressburger, estate manager, and his second wife, Kätherina Wichs. He attended a boarding-school in Temesvár, where he was a good student, excelling at mathematics, literature and music. He then studied mathematics and engineering at the Universities of Prague and Stuttgart before his father's death forced him to abandon his studies.

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Ennio de Concini
Ennio De Concini (9 December 1923, Rome – 17 November 2008) was an Italian screenwriter and film director, winning the Academy Award in 1962 for the "Best Original Screenplay" for Divorce, Italian Style.
He was the co-screenwriter of The Red Tent a 1969 film starring Sean Connery which was based on Umberto Nobile's disastrous 1928 expedition to the North Pole in the airship Italia. Among the 60 films to his credit are The Twist (1976), The Four of the Apocalypse (1975), Hitler: The Last Ten Days (1973), Battle of the Worlds (1961), Black Sunday (1960), Long Night in 1943 (1960), Il Grido (1957), War and Peace (1956), and Mambo (1954).

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Ennio Flaiano
Ennio Flaiano (5 March 1910 in Pescara – 20 November 1972 in Rome), was an Italian screenwriter, playwright, novelist, journalist and drama critic. He is best known for his work with Federico Fellini.
Flaiano wrote for Cineillustrato, Oggi, Il Mondo, Il Corriere della Sera and other prominent Italian newspapers and magazines.
In 1947, he won the Strega Prize for his novel, Tempo di uccidere (The Short Cut). Set in Ethiopia during the Italian invasion (1935–36), the novel tells the story of an Italian officer who accidentally kills an Ethiopian woman and is then ravaged by the awareness of his act. The barren landscape around the protagonist hints at an interior emptiness and meaninglessness. This is one of the few Italian literary works (which has been constantly in print for sixty years) dealing with the misdeeds of Italian colonialism in Eastern Africa. A movie adaptation with the same title, directed by Giuliano Montaldo and starred by Nicolas Cage, was released in 1989.
In 1971 he suffered a first heart-attack. "All will have to change", he wrote in his notes. He put his many papers in order and published them, although the major part of his memoirs were published posthumously. In November 1972 he began writing various autobiographical pieces for Corriere della Sera. On November 20 of the same year, while at a clinic for a check-up, he suffered a second cardiac arrest. His daughter Lelè, after a long and grave illness, died at age 40 in 1992. His wife Rosetta Rota, sister of composer Nino Rota, died at the end of 2003. The entire family is buried together at the Maccarese Cemetery, near Rome.

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Erich Segal
Erich Wolf Segal (June 16, 1937 – January 17, 2010) was an American author, screenwriter, and educator. He was best known for writing the novel Love Story (1970), a best-seller, and writing the motion picture of the same name, which was a major hit.
The son of a rabbi, Segal attended Midwood High School in Brooklyn and traveled to Switzerland to take summer courses. He attended Harvard College, graduating as both the class poet and Latin salutatorian in 1958, after which he obtained his master's degree (in 1959) and a doctorate (in 1965) in comparative literature, from Harvard University.
Segal was a professor of Greek and Latin literature at Harvard University, Yale University and Princeton University. He had been a Supernumerary Fellow and subsequently an Honorary Fellow of Wolfson College, Oxford.
His first academic book, Roman Laughter: The Comedy of Plautus, revolutionized the great Roman comic playwright best known today as the inspiration for the Broadway hit, A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum.^{[citation needed]} In 2001 Harvard published his The Death of Comedy, the all-encompassing literary history.^{[citation needed]}

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Ernest Lehman
Ernest Lehman (December 8, 1915 in New York City – July 2, 2005 in Los Angeles, California) was an American screenwriter. He received 6 Academy Award nominations during his screenwriting career. In 2001 he received an honorary Oscar for his works, the first screenwriter to receive that honor.
Lehman was born into a wealthy Jewish Long Island family whose fortunes were seriously affected by the Great Depression. Upon his graduation from College of the City of New York (The City College of New York), Lehman became a freelance writer. Lehman felt that freelancing was a "very nervous way to make a living" so he began writing copy for a publicity firm which focused on plays and celebrities. This experience helped form the basis of his 1957 film Sweet Smell of Success, which he co-wrote with Clifford Odets. Lehman wrote many short stories and novellas for magazines like Colliers, Redbook and Cosmopolitan. These attracted the attention of Hollywood and in the mid-1950s Paramount Pictures signed him to a writing contract. His first film, Executive Suite, was a success and he was asked to collaborate on the romantic comedy Sabrina, which also became a hit. Perhaps his most visible contribution to the Hollywood canon is the screenplay of the 1965 mega-hit film version of The Sound of Music.

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Federico Fellini
Federico Fellini (Italian pronunciation: [fedeˈriːko felˈliːni]; January 20, 1920 – October 31, 1993) was an Italian film director and scriptwriter. Known for a distinct style that blends fantasy and baroque images, he is considered one of the most influential filmmakers of the 20th century, and is widely revered. He won five Academy Awards and was nominated for 12 in a career that spanned over forty years.
Fellini was born on January 20, 1920 to middle-class parents in Rimini, then a small town on the Adriatic Sea. His father, Urbano Fellini (1894–1956), born to a family of Romagnol peasants and small landholders from Gambettola, moved to Rome in 1915 as a baker apprenticed to the Pantanella pasta factory. His mother, Ida Barbiani (1896–1984), came from a bourgeois Catholic family of Roman merchants. Despite her family’s vehement disapproval, she eloped with Urbano in 1917 to live at his parents' home in Gambettola. A civil marriage followed in 1918 with the religious ceremony held at Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome a year later. The couple settled in Rimini where Urbano became a traveling salesman and wholesale vendor. Fellini had two siblings: Riccardo (1921–1991), a documentary director for RAI Television, and Maria Maddalena (m. Fabbri; 1929–2002).

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Fran Walsh
Frances "Fran" Walsh, Lady Jackson, MNZM (born January 10, 1959) is a screenwriter, film producer and occasional musician. She is the wife of filmmaker Peter Jackson. They have two children: Billy and Katie.
Fran Walsh has contributed to all of Jackson's films apart from his first feature Bad Taste. She won three Academy Awards in 2003, for Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Picture, and Best Original Song, all for the movie The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King. She has received a total of eight Oscar nominations.
Walsh was born into a family of Irish descent in Wellington, New Zealand, and attended Wellington Girls' College intent on becoming a fashion designer, but eventually became interested in music instead. Occasionally taking time off to perform in a punk band named The Wallsockets, she attended Victoria University of Wellington majoring in English literature and graduated in 1981. Walsh got her screen break writing material for Kiwi producer Grahame McLean on 1983 television film A Woman of Good Character/It's Lizzie to those Close. Later she wrote scripts for his TV show Worzel Gummidge Down Under.

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Francis Ford Coppola
Francis Ford Coppola (

/ˈkoʊpələ/ KOH-pə-lə; born April 7, 1939) is an American film director, producer and screenwriter. He is widely acclaimed as one of Hollywood's most innovative and influential film directors. He epitomized the group of filmmakers known as the New Hollywood, that includes Martin Scorsese, Terrence Malick, Robert Altman, Woody Allen, William Friedkin, Philip Kaufman, and George Lucas who emerged in the early 1970s with unconventional ideas that challenged contemporary film-making.
He co-wrote the script for Patton (1970), which won an Academy Award for Best Writing (Original Screenplay). His directorial fame escalated with the release of The Godfather (1972), a film which revolutionized movie-making in the gangster genre, earning praise from critics and public alike. It won three Academy Awards, including his second, for Academy Award for Best Writing (Adapted Screenplay), and was instrumental in cementing his position as a prominent American film director.
Coppola followed it with a critically successful sequel, The Godfather Part II (1974), which became the first sequel to win the Academy Award for Best Picture. The film was highly praised and won him three Academy Awards—for Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Director and Best Picture. The Conversation, which Coppola directed, produced and wrote, was released that same year, winning the Palme d'Or at the 1974 Cannes Film Festival. He next directed Apocalypse Now (1979); notorious for its overlong and strenuous production, but critically acclaimed for its vivid and stark depiction of the Vietnam War, winning the Palme d'Or at the 1979 Cannes Film Festival. To this day, Coppola is one of only seven filmmakers to win two Palme d'Or awards, and is the only filmmaker to win both in the same decade.

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Frank Pierson
Frank Romer Pierson (born May 12, 1925) is an American screenwriter and film director.
Pierson was born in Chappaqua, New York, the son of Louise (née Randall), a writer, and Harold C. Pierson. Pierson attended Harvard. He got his break in Hollywood in 1958 as scripted editor for "Have Gun, Will Travel," and moved on to write for the television series Naked City "Route Sixty Six" and others. He went on to write or co-write several notable films, including Cat Ballou and Cool Hand Luke which were both nominated for Academy Awards. He wrote Dog Day Afternoon, which won Pierson his Oscar statuette. He directed and contributed to the screenplay of A Star Is Born, and the in-fighting between himself, Barbra Streisand, Kris Kristofferson and producer (and at the time boyfriend of Streisand) Jon Peters on the film led him to write the notorious and controversial article "My Battles with Barbra and Jon" in New West magazine.
Pierson has directed several notable films produced for television, including Dirty Pictures, Citizen Cohn, Conspiracy, and Somebody Has To Shoot the Picture. His direction on Conspiracy won a Directors' Guild Award for Best Television Movie, and his second Peabody and BAFTA Award.

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François Truffaut
François Roland Truffaut (6 February 1932 – 21 October 1984) was an influential film critic and filmmaker, one of the founders of the French New Wave. In a film career lasting over a quarter of a century, he remains an icon of the French film industry. He was also a screenwriter, producer, and actor working on over twenty-five films.
Truffaut was born in Paris on 6 February 1932. His mother was Janine de Montferrand. His mother's future husband, Roland Truffaut, accepted him as an adopted son and gave him his surname. He was passed around to live with various nannies and his grandmother for a number of years. It was his grandmother who instilled in him her love of books and music. He lived with his grandmother until her death when Truffaut was ten years old. It was only after his grandmother's death that he lived with his parents for the first time. The identity of Truffaut's biological father was unknown, though a private detective agency in 1968 revealed that their enquiry into the matter led to a Roland Levy, a Jewish dentist from Bayonne. Truffaut's mother's family disputed the findings but Truffaut himself believed and embraced them.

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Frederic Raphael
Frederic Michael Raphael (born August 14, 1931) is an American-born, British-educated screenwriter, and also a prolific novelist and journalist.
Raphael was born in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Irene Rose (née Mauser) and Cedric Michael Raphael, an employee of the Shell Oil Co. With his parents, he emigrated to Putney, England, in 1938.
Raphael was educated at two independent schools, Copthorne Preparatory School, near Crawley in West Sussex, and Charterhouse School (Lockites) in Godalming in Surrey, and then at St John's College at the University of Cambridge in Cambridge.
Raphael won an Oscar for the screenplay for the 1965 movie Darling, and two years later received an Oscar nomination for his screenplay for Two for the Road. He also wrote the screenplay for the 1967 film adaptation of Thomas Hardy's Far From the Madding Crowd directed by John Schlesinger.
His articles and book reviews appear in a number of newspapers and magazines, including the Los Angeles Times and The Sunday Times. He has published more than twenty novels, the best-known being the semi-autobiographical The Glittering Prizes (1976), which traces the lives of a group of Cambridge University undergraduates in post-war Britain as they move through university and into the wider world. The original six-part BBC television series, from which the book was adapted, won him a Royal Television Society Writer of the Year Award.Fame and Fortune, which continues the story to 1979, was adapted in 2007 and broadcast on BBC Radio 4, television channels having refused to commission the sequel themselves. In 2010, BBC Radio 4 broadcast a further sequel in a series entitled Final Demands, with Tom Conti as Adam Morris, the central character, bringing the story to the late 1990s.

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Furio Scarpelli
Furio Scarpelli (16 December 1919 – 28 April 2010), also called Scarpelli, was an Italian screenwriter, famous for his collaboration on numerous Commedia all'italiana films with Agenore Incrocci, forming the duo Age & Scarpelli.
He was the son of journalist Filiberto Scarpelli. During his childhood he devoted himself to writing and drawing. During World War II, he started to work as an illustrator for satire magazines, together with Federico Fellini and Ettore Scola, and he met Agenore Incrocci, best known as Age.
Furio was born and died in Rome, Italy.
In 1949, he started his famous collaboration with Age as the duo Age & Scarpelli, writing some of the first Totò successes until 1952.
Together with Age, he worked on a total of 120 Italian movies. These include some of the most famous of all, such as Sergio Leone's The Good, the Bad and the Ugly and Mario Monicelli's I soliti ignoti. After closing his relationship with Age, he wrote several movies with Ettore Scola, and the first works of directors such as Francesca Archibugi and Paolo Virzì. His third Nomination to Oscar was for Il postino (The Postman), written with his son Giacomo. He also taught at the Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia. Posthumous the film Tormenti (2011), from his graphic novel.

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Garson Kanin
Garson Kanin (November 24, 1912 – March 13, 1999) was a prolific American writer and director of plays and films.

Garson Kanin began his show business career as a jazz musician, burlesque comedian, and actor. He graduated from the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York City and made his Broadway debut in 1933's "Little Ol' Boy". In 1935, Kanin was cast in a George Abbott play and soon became Mr. Abbott's assitant. Kanin made his Broadway debut as a director in 1936, at the age of twenty-four, with "Hitch Your Wagon".
His 1946 play Born Yesterday, which he also directed, ran for 1,642 performances. Kanin worked, uncredited, on the screenplay of the 1950 film adaptation.
His other stage work includes directing The Diary of Anne Frank (1955), which ran for 717 performances, and the musical Funny Girl (1964), which ran for 1,348 performances.
Mr. Kanin wrote and directed his last play, "Peccadillo", in 1985, the year he was inducted into the Theatre Hall of Fame.
His first film as a director was A Man to Remember (1938), which The New York Times considered one of the ten best films of 1938. Kanin was twenty-six at the time. Other directing credits include "The Great Man Votes " (1939),"My Favorite Wife" (1940), "They Knew What they Wanted" (1940) and "Tom Dick and Harry" (1941).

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Gary Ross
Gary Ross (born November 3, 1956) is an American writer, director, and actor. He is best known for directing Pleasantville and Seabiscuit, both of which featured Tobey Maguire in the lead role. He is also the director and co-screenwriter of the film, The Hunger Games, which was released on March 23, 2012.
Ross was born in Castro Valley, California, the son of screenwriter Arthur A. Ross. Ross is Jewish.
Ross's first produced screenplay was 1988's Big, for which he was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. He also received a Best Original Screenplay nomination for 1993's Dave. He wrote early drafts of 1992's Mr. Baseball and 1994's Lassie. He wrote the screenplay for 1998's Pleasantville, which also marked his directorial debut. In 2003, he wrote, directed and produced Seabiscuit based on Seabiscuit: An American Legend by Laura Hillenbrand, for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. He wrote the screenplay for 2008's The Tale of Despereaux based on the Newbery Medal-winning children's book by Kate DiCamillo. He has also written the screenplay for the forthcoming remake of 1954's Creature from the Black Lagoon on which his father was a screenwriter. He has written scripts titled Dog Years and The Free State of Jones which have not yet been produced as feature films. He also co-wrote the film, The Hunger Games, with Suzanne Collins, who wrote the novel which the film is based on.

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George Lucas
George Walton Lucas, Jr. (born May 14, 1944) is an American film producer, screenwriter, director, and entrepreneur. He is the founder, chairman and chief executive of Lucasfilm. He is best known as the creator of the space opera franchise Star Wars and the archaeologist-adventurer character Indiana Jones. Lucas is one of the American film industry's most financially successful directors/producers, with an estimated net worth of $3.2 billion as of 2011.
George Lucas was born in Modesto, California, the son of Dorothy Ellinore (née Bomberger) and George Walton Lucas, Sr. (1913–1991), who owned a stationery store.
Lucas grew up in the Central Valley town of Modesto and his early passion for cars and motor racing would eventually serve as inspiration for his USC student film 1:42.08, as well as his Oscar-nominated low-budget phenomenon, American Graffiti. Long before Lucas became obsessed with film making, he wanted to be a race-car driver, and he spent most of his high school years racing on the underground circuit at fairgrounds and hanging out at garages. However, a near-fatal accident in his souped-up Autobianchi Bianchina on June 12, 1962, just days before his high school graduation, quickly changed his mind. Instead of racing, he attended Modesto Junior College and later got accepted into a junior college to study anthropology. While taking liberal arts courses, he developed a passion for cinematography and camera tricks. George Lucas graduated from USC in California.

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Gloria Katz
Gloria Katz (born 25. October 1942) is an American screenwriter and film producer, best known for her association with George Lucas. Along with her husband Willard Huyck, Katz has created the screenplays of films including American Graffiti, Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom and the notorious Howard the Duck.

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Grant Heslov
Grant Heslov (born May 15, 1963) is an American actor, film producer, screenwriter and director.
Heslov was born in Los Angeles, into a Jewish family and was raised in the Palos Verdes area of Los Angeles. He attended Palos Verdes High School, the University of Southern California (USC) along with friend Tate Donovan. He is a member of Phi Kappa Psi.
Heslov's acting credits include films like True Lies, Dante's Peak, Enemy of the State, The Scorpion King and Good Night, and Good Luck and several credits in TV series (Family Ties, L.A. Law, Catch Me If You Can, the 1989 directorial debut by Stephen Sommers, Matlock, Sleeper Cell). He also appeared in Congo as the hapless assistant Richard and in Black Sheep as a cop, who is a friend to Mike Donnelly (played by Chris Farley).
He was the Academy Award–nominated producer of Good Night, and Good Luck. Together with George Clooney, he was also nominated for an Oscar for Best Original Screenplay. Heslov also appears in the film as Don Hewitt, the director of the TV series See It Now, around which the movie is centered. In August 2006, he and George Clooney started a movie company, Smoke House.

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Gregory Nava
Gregory Nava (born April 10, 1949 in San Diego, California) is a film director, producer and screenplay writer, of Mexican and Basque heritage.
Nava graduated from St. Augustine High School in San Diego and went on to attended film school at UCLA where he earned an MFA in 1976. At UCLA he directed the short film The Journal of Diego Rodriguez Silva (based on the life of García Lorca), and for this work, won the Best Dramatic Film Award at the National Student Film Festival.
While an instructor at Moorpark College teaching classes in cinematography, Nava's first feature film, The Confessions of Amans, won the Best First Feature Award at the Chicago International Film Festival in 1976. Later, he came to the attention of Hollywood producers due to the success of El Norte, which garnered Nava and his wife Anna Thomas an Academy Award nomination, among other accolades, for the screenplay. In 1995 the film was registered by the Library of Congress, National Film Registry. According to Chicago Sun-Times film critic Roger Ebert, "El Norte tells the story with astonishing visual beauty, with unashamed melodrama, with anger leavened by hope. It is a Grapes of Wrath for our time."

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Grigori Chukhrai
Grigori Naumovich Chukhrai (Russian: Григорий Наумович Чухрай, Ukrainian: Григорiй Наумович Чухрай; 23 May 1921 - 29 October 2001) was a prominent Soviet film director and screenwriter of Jewish origin. He is the father of director Pavel Chukhrai.
He was born in Melitopol in the Zaporizhia Oblast of Ukraine. A decorated veteran of World War II, Chukhrai's wartime experiences profoundly affected him and the majority of his films were connected with events of the war. Drafted in 1939, he served in the 229th separate communications battalion of the 134th Infantry Division. From 1943 on, he served in airborne troops and took part in operation "Dnipro Troopers".
At war's end, he studied filmmaking at the Soviet State Film School and then developed his craft as a director's assistant at the Kiev Film Studio. By the mid 1950s, he began writing and directing his own films, gaining cinematic recognition outside the Soviet Union at the 1957 Cannes Film Festival with his film Sorok pervyj (The Forty-first).

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Hanif Kureishi
Hanif Kureishi CBE (born December 5, 1954) is an English playwright, screenwriter and filmmaker, novelist and short story writer. The themes of his work have touched on topics of race, nationalism, immigration, and sexuality. In 2008, The Times included Kureishi in their list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945".
Kureishi was born in Kent to a Pakistani father and an English mother (Audrey Buss). His father, Rafiushan, was from a wealthy Madras family, most of whose members moved to Pakistan after the Partition of British India in 1947. After his parents married, the family settled in Bromley where Kureishi was born.
He attended Bromley Technical High School and studied for A levels at Bromley College of Technology. While at this college he was elected as Student Union President (1972) and some of the characters from his semi-autobiographical work "The Buddha of Suburbia" are from this period. He went on to spend a year studying philosophy at Lancaster University before dropping out. Later he attended King's College London and took a degree in philosophy.

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Harold Jack Bloom
Harold Jack Bloom (April 26, 1924 - August 27, 1999) was a television producer and screenwriter who scored a notable hit with his first major screenplay to the classic Anthony Mann Western The Naked Spur in 1953, earning an Oscar nomination in the process.
Apart from the odd film script, most of his career was spent writing for television. He worked on such series as Bonanza, The Man from U.N.C.L.E. and, in particular, the TV series of Twelve O'Clock High, he was also co-creator, along with Robert A. Cinader and Jack Webb, of the medical/paramedic drama, Emergency! .
When Richard Maibaum was unavailable the producers of the James Bond film You Only Live Twice hired Bloom to do the screenplay of the film. The producers did not use Bloom's script but several of Bloom's ideas written into Roald Dahl's screenplay of the film. Bloom was credited with "additional story material".
One of his last assignments was the well-regarded TV movie Remembrance of Love in 1982, a showcase role for Kirk Douglas as a Holocaust survivor.

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Harold Jacob Smith
Harold Jacob Smith (July 2, 1912 – December 28, 1970) was an American screenwriter. His screenplay for The Defiant Ones won the Academy Award for Writing Original Screenplay in 1958.

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Harry Kurnitz
Harry Kurnitz (January 5, 1908 – March 18, 1968) was an American playwright, novelist, and prolific screenwriter who wrote swashbucklers for Errol Flynn and comedies for Danny Kaye.
Kurnitz grew up in Philadelphia and attended the University of Pennsylvania. He entered journalism as a book and music reviewer for The Philadelphia Record in 1930. In his spare time he wrote fiction.
A mystery story Kurnitz wrote in 1937, Fast Company, about skulduggery in the rare-book business, led him to Hollywood. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer bought the book, and Kurnitz wrote the screenplay. Kurnitz wrote more than forty movie scripts, among them Witness for the Prosecution, What Next, Corporal Hargrove?, and How to Steal a Million.
His first play was Reclining Figure, a 1954 comedy about painters and their patrons and the tricks of the dealers and collectors who prey on them. Later, Kurnitz wrote the hit comedy Once More, with Feeling!. Other plays included High Fidelity and The Girl Who Came to Supper, a musical he wrote with Noël Coward, who composed the music and lyrics.

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Helen Slote Levitt
Alfred Lewis Levitt (June 3, 1916 – 16 November 2002) was an American screenwriter and television scriptwriter. He attended New York University, and served in a camera unit of the United States Air Force during the Second World War. Following the war, Levitt was the screenwriter for such films as The Boy with Green Hair (1948), Mrs. Mike (1950), and The Barefoot Mailman (1951).
In 1951 he was called before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) for his communist involvements, and was entered on the Hollywood blacklist. He became unable to find work as a screen writer, and subsequently wrote television scripts under the pseudonym "Tom August."
Levitt and Pearl Helen Slote (December 16, 1916 - April 3, 1993) were married in 1938; they had two children. Helen Slote Levitt, as Slote was called after her marriage, was also a screenwriter who collaborated with her husband on many projects. She was also blacklisted, after which she wrote under the pseudonym "Helen August" for many years. The Levitts (usually credited as Tom and Helen August) were writers for The Monkey's Uncle and television shows such as Bewitched, and The Bionic Woman.

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Henri Laborit
Henri Laborit (November 21, 1914 – May 18, 1995) was a French physician, writer and philosopher.
Laborit was born in Hanoi, Vietnam and started his career as a neurosurgeon in the Marines and then moved on to fundamental research. He won the prestigious Albert Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research in 1957. Laborit later became a research head at Boucicault Hospital in Paris.
His interests included psychotropic drugs, eutonology, and memory. He pioneered the use of dopamine antagonists to reduce shock in injured soldiers. His observation that people treated with these drugs showed reduced interest in their surroundings led to their later use as antipsychotics. He was also the first researcher to study GHB, in the early 1960s. He hoped that it would be an orally bioavailable precursor to the neurotransmitter GABA, but it proved to have other uses and was later discovered as an endogenous neurotransmitter.
He appeared in the 1980 Alain Resnais film Mon oncle d'Amérique, which is built around the ideas of Laborit and uses the stories of three people to illustrate theories deriving from evolutionary psychology regarding the relationship of self and society. This movie includes short sequences of rats experiments that are used to illustrate the behaviors of some of the characters in different situations (such as inhibition in the action ).

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Henri Marquet
Henri Marquet is a French assistant director and screenwriter. He was co-nominated with Jacques Tati for the Academy Award for Writing Original Screenplay for the film Mr. Hulot's Holiday (1953).

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Herman J. Mankiewicz
Herman Jacob Mankiewicz (pronounced MAN-kyeh-vich; November 7, 1897 – March 5, 1953) was an American screenwriter, who, with Orson Welles, wrote the screenplay for Citizen Kane (1941). Earlier, he was the Berlin correspondent for the Chicago Tribune and the drama critic for The New York Times and The New Yorker.Alexander Woollcott, said that Herman Mankiewicz was the "funniest man in New York". Both Mankiewicz and Welles received Academy Awards for their screenplay. It was the only award Citizen Kane received.
He was often asked to fix the screenplays of other writers, with much of his work uncredited. What distinguished his writing from that of other writers were occasional flashes of the "Mankiewicz humor" and satire that became valued in the films of the 1930s. That style of writing included a slick, satirical, and witty humor, which depended almost totally on dialogue to carry the film. It was a style that would become associated with the "typical American film" of that period.
Film author Pauline Kael credits Mankiewicz with having written, alone or with others, "about forty of the films I remember best from the twenties and thirties," adding, "I hadn’t realized how extensive his career was. . . he was a key linking figure in just the kind of movies my friends and I loved best. These were the hardest-headed periods of American movies. Director and screenwriter Nunnally Johnson said that the "two most brilliant men he has ever known were George S. Kaufman and Herman Mankiewicz, and that Mankiewicz was the more brilliant of the two. ...[and] spearheaded the movement of that whole Broadway style of wisecracking, fast-talking, cynical-sentimental entertainment onto the national scene."

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Herman Raucher
Herman Raucher (born April 13, 1928 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American author who has written several screenplays, among them the popular Summer of '42 and The Great Santini and several novels and plays. He was married to Broadway dancer Mary Kathryn Raucher from 1960 until her death in 2002; they had two daughters.
Many of his works have autobiographical undertones or are straightforward memoirs. His 1980 book, There Should Have Been Castles, was a re-telling of the early years of his relationship with his wife. The book also chronicles his early years in the film industry and his wife's time on Broadway. Though he took certain dramatic license for the sake of the story (for example, minor elements relating to his wife were actually taken from a girl he dated in college; the names of certain real-life people were changed for their protection and Raucher's; Raucher changed his and his wife's names to Ben and Ginny in the final draft of the book), he maintains that the book is still over ninety percent accurate. Despite being a bestseller, the book went out of print in the mid-1980s along with all of Raucher's other works, following an unexplained falling out between Raucher and his publishers. The book fared much better in Poland where it has come to be considered a classic of contemporary literature and remains in print under the title Prawie Jak w Bajce. In the 1980s, Raucher sold the film rights to the book for $250,000. The movie was never made, but because the studio retained the rights Raucher was allowed to keep the money.

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Horton Foote
Albert Horton Foote, Jr. (March 14, 1916 – March 4, 2009) was an American playwright and screenwriter, perhaps best known for his screenplays for the 1962 film To Kill a Mockingbird and the 1983 film Tender Mercies, and his notable live television dramas during the Golden Age of Television. He received the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1995 for his play The Young Man From Atlanta. In 1995, Foote was the inaugural recipient of the Austin Film Festival's Distinguished Screenwriter Award. In describing his 3-play work, "The Orphans' Home Cycle", the drama critic for the Wall Street Journal said this: "Foote, who died last March, left behind a masterpiece, one that will rank high among the signal achievements of American theater in the 20th century." In 2000, he was awarded the National Medal of Arts.
Foote was born to Albert Horton Foote (1890-1973) and Harriet Gautier "Hallie" Brooks (1894-1974) in Wharton, Texas.His younger brothers were Thomas Brooks Foote (1921-1944) who died in aerial combat over Germany, and John Speed Foote (1923-1995).

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I. A. L. Diamond
I.A.L. Diamond (June 27, 1920 – April 21, 1988) was a comedy writer in Hollywood from the 1940s through the 1980s.
He was born Iţec (Itzek) Domnici in Ungheni, Iaşi County, Bessarabia, Romania, present day Moldova, was referred to as "Iz" in Hollywood, and was known to quip that his initials stood for "Interscholastic Algebra League".
Diamond emigrated with his family to the Crown Heights area of Brooklyn in the United States at the age of 9. There he studied at the Boy's High School, showing ability in mathematics, competing in the state Mathematics Olympiads in 1936-37, winning several gold medals.
Diamond completed his undergraduate studies at Columbia in 1941. There he studied journalism, publishing in the Columbia Daily Spectator under the pseudonym "I.A.L. Diamond". He was editor of the humor magazine Jester of Columbia, a member of the Philolexian Society, and became the only person to single-handedly write four consecutive productions of the annual revue, the Varsity Show. As a result, upon graduation he abandoned his plans to pursue his master's at Columbia and accepted a short-term contract in Hollywood.

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I.A.L. Diamond
I.A.L. Diamond (June 27, 1920 – April 21, 1988) was a comedy writer in Hollywood from the 1940s through the 1980s.
He was born Iţec (Itzek) Domnici in Ungheni, Iaşi County, Bessarabia, Romania, present day Moldova, was referred to as "Iz" in Hollywood, and was known to quip that his initials stood for "Interscholastic Algebra League".
Diamond emigrated with his family to the Crown Heights area of Brooklyn in the United States at the age of 9. There he studied at the Boy's High School, showing ability in mathematics, competing in the state Mathematics Olympiads in 1936-37, winning several gold medals.
Diamond completed his undergraduate studies at Columbia in 1941. There he studied journalism, publishing in the Columbia Daily Spectator under the pseudonym "I.A.L. Diamond". He was editor of the humor magazine Jester of Columbia, a member of the Philolexian Society, and became the only person to single-handedly write four consecutive productions of the annual revue, the Varsity Show. As a result, upon graduation he abandoned his plans to pursue his master's at Columbia and accepted a short-term contract in Hollywood.

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Indro Montanelli
Indro Montanelli (April 22, 1909 - July 22, 2001) was an Italian journalist and historian, known for his new approach to writing history in books such as History of the Greeks and History of Rome.
Generally considered one of the greatest Italian journalists of the 20th century, he was among the 50 World Press Freedom Heroes of the past 50 years named by the International Press Institute in 2000.
Indro Montanelli Bassi was born at Fucecchio, near Florence.
Throughout his career he retained an idiosyncratic and particularly undiplomatic style, even when this made him very unpopular among his peers and employers. This is particularly well illustrated in his book La stecca nel coro (which translates as "Going against the current") which is a list of leading articles he composed between 1974 and 1994 in the newspaper Il Giornale which he founded and directed after being sacked from the very prestigious Corriere della Sera, in October 1973. It was during this experience, in 1977 that the Red Brigade terrorists shot him four times in the legs in the streets of Milan.

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Ingmar Bergman
Ernst Ingmar Bergman (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈɪŋmar ˈbærjman] (

listen); 14 July 1918 – 30 July 2007) was a Swedish director, writer and producer for film, stage and television. Described by Woody Allen as "probably the greatest film artist, all things considered, since the invention of the motion picture camera," he is recognized as one of the most accomplished and influential film directors of all time.
He directed over sixty films and documentaries for cinematic release and for television, most of which he also wrote. He also directed over one hundred and seventy plays. Among his company of actors were Harriet Andersson, Liv Ullmann, Gunnar Björnstrand, Bibi Andersson, Erland Josephson, Ingrid Thulin and Max von Sydow. Most of his films were set in the landscape of Sweden. His major subjects were death, illness, faith, betrayal, and insanity.
Bergman was active for more than six decades. In 1976 his career was seriously threatened as the result of a botched criminal investigation for alleged income tax evasion. Outraged, Bergman suspended a number of pending productions, closed his studios, and went into self-imposed exile in Germany for eight years.

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Ira Wallach (writer)
Ira Wallach (January 22, 1913—December 2, 1995) was an American screenwriter and novelist.
Born in New York City, He wrote the novel Muscle Beach and collaborated with Peter Ustinov on the screenplay for Hot Millions. Wallach died of pneumonia.
Filmography:

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Iris Yamashita
Iris Yamashita is a Japanese-American screenwriter.
She was hired by Clint Eastwood to write the Japanese side of the story of the Battle of Iwo Jima, once rumored to be titled Lamps Before the Wind, then called Red Sun, Black Sand, before being released as Letters from Iwo Jima. She was nominated in 2007 for the Academy Award for Original Screenplay.

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Jacques Demy
Jacques Demy (5 June 1931 – 27 October 1990) was one of the most approachable filmmakers to appear in the wake of the French New Wave. Uninterested in the formal experimentation of Alain Resnais, or the political agitation of Jean-Luc Godard, Demy instead created a self-contained fantasy world closer to that of François Truffaut, drawing on musicals, fairytales and the golden age of Hollywood.
After working with the animator Paul Grimault and the filmmaker Georges Rouquier, Demy directed his first feature film, Lola, in 1961, with Anouk Aimée playing the eponymous cabaret singer. The Demy universe here emerges full-fledged. Characters burst into song (courtesy of composer and lifelong Demy-collaborator Michel Legrand); iconic Hollywood imagery is lovingly appropriated as in the opening scene with the man in a white Stetson in the Cadillac, daringly set to Beethoven's "Seventh Symphony"); plot is dictated by the director's fascination with fate, and stock themes of chance encounters and long-lost love; and the setting, as with so many of Demy's films, is the French Atlantic coast of his childhood, specifically the seaport town of Nantes.

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Jacques Prévert
Jacques Prévert (French pronunciation: [ʒak pʁeˈvɛʁ]; 4 February 1900 – 11 April 1977) was a French poet and screenwriter. His poems became and remain very popular in the French-speaking world, particularly in schools. Some of the movies he wrote are extremely well regarded, with Les Enfants du Paradis considered one of the greatest films of all time.
Prévert was born at Neuilly-sur-Seine and grew up in Paris. After receiving his Certificat d'études upon completing his primary education, he quit school and went to work in Le Bon Marché, a major department store in Paris. Called up for military service in 1918, after the war, he was sent to the Near East to defend French interests there.
He died in Omonville-la-Petite, on 11 April 1977. He had been working on the last scene of the animated movie Le Roi et l'oiseau (The King and the Mockingbird) with his friend and collaborator Paul Grimault. When the film was released in 1980, it was dedicated to Prévert's memory, and on opening night, Grimault kept the seat next to him empty.

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Jacques Tati
Jacques Tati (born Jacques Tatischeff; born 9 October 1907 in Le Pecq, Yvelines, France – died 5 November 1982) was a French filmmaker. Throughout his long career he worked as a comic actor, writer, and director. In a poll conducted by Entertainment Weekly of the Greatest Movie Directors Tati was voted the 46th greatest of all time. With only six feature-length films to his credit as director, he directed fewer films than any other director on this list of 50.
Jacques Tati was born French with Russian, Dutch and Italian ancestry. His father, George Emmanuel Tatischeff, born in 1875 in Paris (d. 1957), was the son of Count Dmitriy Tatischeff (Дмитрий Татищев), General of the Imperial Russian Army and military attaché to the Russian Embassy in Paris. The Tatischeffs (also spelled Tatishchev) were a Russian noble family of patrilineal Rurikid descent. Whilst stationed in Paris Count Dmitri Tatischeff married a French woman, Rose Anahalie Alinquant.
Under suspicious circumstances Count Dmitri Tatischeff died from injuries sustained in a horse riding accident shortly after the birth of George Emmanuel. As a child George Emmanuel experienced turbulent times, such as being forcibly removed from France and taken to Russia to live. In 1883 his mother brought him back to France where they settled on the estate of Le Pecq, near Saint-Germain-en-Laye on the outskirts of Paris. In 1903, Georges-Emmanuel Tatischeff married the Dutch-Italian Marcelle Claire van Hoof (d. 1968). Together they had two children, Natalie (b. 1905) and Jacques. Claire's Dutch father, a friend of van Gogh whose clients included Toulouse Lautrec, was the owner of a prestigious picture framing company near the Place Vendôme in Paris, and he brought Georges-Emmanuel into the family business. Subsequently, Georges-Emmanuel became the director of the company Cadres Van Hoof, and the Tatischeff family enjoyed a relatively high standard of living.

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James Bridges
James Bridges (February 3, 1936 — June 6, 1993) was an American screenwriter and film director.
Bridges was born in Paris, Arkansas. He got his start as a writer for Alfred Hitchcock Presents, and one of his episodes, "An Unlocked Window", earned him a 1966 Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America for Best Episode in a TV Series.
Bridges went on to write and direct a number of notable films, including The Baby Maker, The Paper Chase, September 30, 1955, The China Syndrome, Urban Cowboy, Perfect, and Bright Lights, Big City. Bridges was a mentor to actress Debra Winger.
From 1958 to 1993, his life partner was actor Jack Larson, best known for his portrayal of Jimmy Olsen in the TV series Adventures of Superman.
Bridges died in Los Angeles, California of cancer. The James Bridges Theater at University of California, Los Angeles was named in his honor in November 1999. Bridges was a faculty member there early in his career.

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James Edward Grant
James Edward Grant (July 2, 1905 - February 19, 1966) was an American short story writer and screenwriter who contributed to more than fifty films between 1935 and 1971.
Born in Chicago, Grant began his career in the mid-1930s developing stories or writing scripts for mostly B movies. He collaborated with John Wayne on twelve projects, starting with Angel and the Badman (which he also directed) in 1947 through Circus World in 1964. Support Your Local Gunfighter was released in 1971, five years after his death.
Grant won the Bronze Wrangler, an annual award presented by the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum, twice, for The Alamo in 1961 and The Comancheros the following year. He and William Bowers were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for The Sheepman in 1959.
Grant wrote numerous short stories that were published in Argosy, The Saturday Evening Post, Cosmopolitan, and Liberty, among others.
Grant died from cancer in Burbank, California. He owned a cattle ranch in Winton in Merced County from the 1940s until his death.^{[citation needed]}

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James L. Brooks
James Lawrence Brooks (born May 9, 1940) is an American director, producer and screenwriter. Growing up in North Bergen, New Jersey, Brooks endured a fractured family life and passed the time by reading and writing. After dropping out of New York University, he got a job as an usher at CBS, going on to write for the CBS News broadcasts. He moved to Los Angeles in 1965 to work on David L. Wolper's documentaries. After being laid off he met producer Allan Burns who secured him a job as a writer on the series My Mother the Car.
Brooks wrote for several shows before being hired as a story editor on My Friend Tony and later creating the series Room 222. Grant Tinker hired Brooks and Burns at MTM Productions to create The Mary Tyler Moore Show in 1970. The show, one of the first to feature an independent working woman as its lead character, was critically acclaimed and won Brooks several Primetime Emmy Awards. Brooks and Burns then created two successful spin-offs from Mary Tyler Moore in the shape of Rhoda (a comedy) and Lou Grant (a drama). Brooks left MTM Productions in 1978 to co-create the sitcom Taxi which, despite winning multiple Emmys, suffered from low ratings and was canceled twice.

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James Toback
James Lee Toback (born November 23, 1944) is an American screenwriter and film director.
Toback was born in New York City. His mother, Selma Judith (née Levy), was a President of The League of Women Voters and a moderator of political debates on NBC. His father, Irwin Lionel Toback, was a stockbroker and former Vice-President of Dreyfus & Company. Toback graduated from The Fieldston School in 1963 and from Harvard College, magna cum laude, in 1966.
After graduating from Harvard, Toback worked as a journalist. An assignment from Esquire on football player Jim Brown led to collaboration on Jim: The Author's Self-Centered Memoir of the Great Jim Brown.
In the early 1970s Toback taught creative writing at the City College of New York. He drew on this experience when he wrote the screenplay for The Gambler.
In 1974, Toback's screenplay The Gambler was produced. Much of the film was shot at City College. His directorial début was the 1978 film Fingers, remade twenty-eight years later by Jacques Audiard as The Beat That My Heart Skipped. Toback followed Fingers with Love and Money in 1982. Toback wrote and directed Exposed in 1983, and in 1989, Toback directed the documentary The Big Bang.

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Jan Sardi
Jan Sardi is an Australian screenwriter. In 1997 he was nominated for a Academy Award for Best Writing (Original Screenplay), for Shine. He has also written and directed Love's Brother, and adapted The Notebook, based on a novel by Nicholas Sparks.

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Jay Cocks
Jay Cocks (born John C. Cocks, Jr., January 12, 1944) is a film critic and motion picture screenwriter.
He is a graduate of Kenyon College. He was a critic for Time, Newsweek, and Rolling Stone, among other magazines, before moving into film writing.
As a screenwriter, he worked on Martin Scorsese's The Age of Innocence and Gangs of New York — a screenplay he started working on in 1976 — as well as Kathryn Bigelow's Strange Days. Cocks also performed an uncredited rewrite of James Cameron's screenplay for Titanic.

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Jean Gruault
Jean Gruault (born 3 August 1924), is a French screenwriter and actor. He wrote 25 films between 1960 and 1995. He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Screenplay for the 1980 film Mon oncle d'Amérique.
He was born in Fontenay-sous-Bois, Paris.

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Jean-Paul Rappeneau
Jean-Paul Rappeneau (born 8 April 1932 at Auxerre, Yonne) is a French film director, screenwriter, and actor.
He started out in film as an assistant and screenwriter collaborating with Louis Malle on Zazie dans le metro in 1960 and Vie privee in 1961. In 1964, he was co-screenwriter for L' Homme de Rio, which starred Jean-Paul Belmondo.
The first film that he both wrote and directed was La Vie de chateau in 1966. Although it was a great critical and popular success, he did not make another film until 1971, when he directed Les Mariés de l'an II, again starring Belmondo and Marlène Jobert.
Since 1975, Rappeneau has written only for his own films, including Le Sauvage, starring Yves Montand and Tout feu tout flamme (1981), again with Montand, who co-starred with Isabelle Adjani.
In 1990, Rappeneau directed a deluxe Technicolor film version of Cyrano de Bergerac, his adaptation of the classic French play by Edmond Rostand, starring Gérard Depardieu in what may become known as his greatest role. Rappeneau's film version is the most elaborate film version of the play ever made, and one of the most expensive French films ever produced. It is the only rendition of the play in the original French to be released widely.

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Jean-Pierre Jeunet
Jean-Pierre Jeunet (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ pjɛʁ ʒœnɛ]; born 3 September 1953) is a French film director.
Jean-Pierre Jeunet was born in Roanne, Loire, France. He bought his first camera at the age of 17 and made short films while studying animation at Cinémation Studios. He befriended Marc Caro, a designer and comic book artist who became his longtime collaborator and co-director.
Together, Jeunet and Caro directed award-winning animations. Their first live action film was The Bunker of the Last Gunshots (1981), a short film about soldiers in a bleak futuristic world. Jeunet also directed numerous advertisements and music videos, such as Jean Michel Jarre's Zoolook (together with Caro).
Jeunet and Caro's first feature film was Delicatessen (1991), a black comedy set in a famine-plagued post-apocalyptic world, in which an apartment building above a delicatessen is ruled by a butcher who kills people in order to feed his tenants.
They next made The City of Lost Children (1995), a dark, multi-layered fantasy film about a mad scientist who kidnaps children in order to steal their dreams thus preventing him from aging prematurely.

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Jeff Maguire
Jeff Maguire (born in 1952) is an American screenwriter. Regarded for his talent for writing sports films, Jeff Maguire got his first screenwriting break with his script Escape to Victory, a film about soccer directed by John Huston in 1981. His most recent contribution is Gridiron Gang, released in 2006. Maguire's most famous film is In the Line of Fire starring Clint Eastwood and directed by Wolfgang Petersen, for which he received a Best Original Screenplay Oscar nomination for 1993.
In 1990 Maguire was approached by producer Jeff Apple to develop his Secret Service agent concept into a film treatment. Maguire was in debt to his relatives and about to have his utilities turned off when his script based on Apple's concept, "In the Line of Fire," went into a bidding war between Tom Cruise, Sean Connery, and Clint Eastwood. When he received a call from Eastwood congratulating him on the completed deal (over $1,000,000.00) Jeff's wife reportedly had to return a dress so they could afford to go out to dinner to celebrate. Prior to this, various moguls had rejected and almost destroyed the story. Dustin Hoffman cleverly added the hero's guilt over failing to save JFK, then exited; Tom Cruise's people demanded this be deleted, because a 28-year-old hero would not have been around for JFK. The dead-broke writer spurned about $100,000 from Cruise, but wound up with Clint Eastwood and about $1,000,000. [1]

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Jeremy Larner
Jeremy Larner (born March 20, 1937) is an author, poet, journalist and speechwriter. He won an Academy Award in 1972 for Best Original Screenplay, for writing The Candidate.
Jeremy Larner grew up in Indiana, in the quiet but violent '50's, and had some playground rep as a basketball player in Indianapolis, where he encountered Oscar Robertson and other future stars on the playground courts of that city.
Larner graduated from Brandeis University in 1958 (where he was close to Herbert Marcuse, Irving Howe, Philip Rahv, and a fellow student named Abbie Hoffman, who later, running a small bookstore in Worcester, Massachusetts, became an early champion of Larner's first novel.)
In 1959, Larner began a Woodrow Wilson Fellowship at UC Berkeley, but finding himself unsuited for academic life he left graduate school in his first year and came to New York City at 22. He stayed there throughout the 1960s, writing five books in that period.
In 1962, Larner was assigned by Dissent magazine to cover the teacher's strike, and spent several months going to elementary school classes in Harlem. His long account of what he discovered was widely anthologized, having come to the attention of Michael Harrington, author of the book, the Other America: Poverty In The United States, which inspired John Kennedy & Robert Kennedy.

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Jeremy Pikser
Jeremy Pikser is an award-winning screenwriter.
Best known for Bulworth (co-written with Warren Beatty), which was nominated for Academy, Golden Globe, and WGA Awards for best screenplay, and won the LA Film Critics Best Screenplay award for 1998. Pikser got his start working as a "special consultant" and uncredited writer on the film Reds (also with Beatty, and also nominated for an Academy Award for screenplay). He wrote The Lemon Sisters, starring Diane Keaton, Carol Kane, Elliott Gould, Kathryn Grody, and Ruben Blades, and War, Inc. (co-written with Mark Leyner and John Cusack), starring Cusack, Marissa Tomei, Ben Kingsley, and Hilary Duff, which premiered at the 2008 Tribeca Film Festival in New York City. He was "supervising writer" for Pink Subaru, which opened at the Turin Film Festival in 2009.
Pikser teaches screenwriting at New York University in the Rita and Burton Goldberg department of dramatic writing at the Tisch School of the Arts, and is a regular advisor at the Sundance Screenwriters' Lab. He is also an occasional contributor to The Huffington Post and he has commented on the writer's strike and other subjects on The Guardian website Comment Is Free.

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Jerome Cady
Jerome Cady (1903 - 1948) was a Hollywood screenwriter.
What promised to be a lucrative and successful career as a film writer - graduating up from Charlie Chan movies in the late 30s to such well respected war films as Guadalcanal Diary (1943), a successful adaptation of Forever Amber (1947) and the police procedural Call Northside 777 (1948) - came to an abrupt end when he died of a sleeping pill overdose onboard his yacht off Catalina Island in 1948.
Cady received an Oscar nomination for Best Original Screenplay for Wing and a Prayer in 1944.

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Jerry Maguire
Jerry Maguire is a 1996 American romantic comedy-drama film starring Tom Cruise, Cuba Gooding, Jr and Renée Zellweger. It was written, co-produced, and directed by Cameron Crowe. The film released in North American theaters on December 13, 1996, distributed by Gracie Films and TriStar Pictures.
The film received mostly positive reviews and, on a $50 million budget, was a financial success, bringing in more than $270 million worldwide.
Jerry Maguire (Tom Cruise) is a glossy 35-year-old sports agent working for Sports Management International (SMI). After suffering a nervous breakdown as a result of stress and a guilty conscience, he writes a mission statement about perceived dishonesty in the sports management business and how he believes that it should be operated. He distributes copies of it, entitled "The Things We Think and Do Not Say: The Future of Our Business". His co-workers are touched by his honesty and greet him with applause, but the management sends Bob Sugar (Jay Mohr), Maguire's protégé, to fire him. Jerry and Sugar call all of Jerry's clients to try to convince them not to hire the services of the other. Jerry speaks to Arizona Cardinals wide receiver Rod Tidwell (Cuba Gooding, Jr.), one of his clients who is disgruntled with his contract. Rod tests Jerry's resolve through a very long telephone conversation, which culminates in the famed "Show Me the Money!" scene. Meanwhile, Sugar secures most of Jerry's previous clients. Frank "Cush" Cushman (Jerry O'Connell), a superstar football prospect from Southern Methodist University expected to be #1 in the NFL Draft, also stays with Jerry after he makes a visit to the Cushman home. Leaving the office, Jerry announces he will start his own agency and asks if anyone is willing to join him, to which only 26-year-old single mother Dorothy Boyd (Renée Zellweger) agrees. The two had previously bumped into each other in the airport and Boyd had told Maguire personally how inspiring she found his "memo".

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Jim Sheridan
Jim Sheridan (born 6 February 1949) is an Irish film director. A six-time Academy Award nominee, Sheridan is perhaps best known for his films My Left Foot, In the Name of the Father, The Field and In America.
Sheridan was born in Dublin, the son of Anna and Peter Sheridan, an actor and railroad worker. Sheridan was initially educated by the Irish Christian Brothers and later graduated from University College Dublin. He emigrated to Canada and then New York City in 1981.
In 1979 Jim, or Shay Sheridan wrote two plays. The first, an Irish beggar's opera called "The Ha'penny Place", was staged in the Project Arts Centre, and the second, a piece of agitprop theatre called "The Last Post", was staged nearby in Connolly Hall. Interestingly, an actor called Jer O'Leary, a long time friend and political associate of Jim's, appeared in both these plays, and went on to appear in small parts in almost all of Sheridan's pictures. In 1989, he directed My Left Foot, which became a critical and commercial success and won Daniel Day-Lewis and Brenda Fricker Academy Awards. He followed that with The Field (with Richard Harris) in 1990; then with In the Name of the Father in 1993, a fictionalized re-telling of the case of the Guildford Four. The film won the Golden Bear at the 44th Berlin International Film Festival.

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Joe Ranft
Joseph Henry "Joe" Ranft (March 13, 1960 – August 16, 2005) was an American screenwriter, animator, storyboard artist and voice actor who worked for Pixar and Disney. His brother, Jerome Ranft, is a sculptor who also worked on several Pixar movies.
Ranft was born in Pasadena, and raised in Whittier. As a child, Ranft developed a love for magic, storytelling, film and comedy. At 15, he became a member of the Magic Castle Junior Group. After graduating from Monte Vista High School, Whittier, in 1978, Mr. Ranft began studying in the character animation program at the California Institute of the Arts alongside John Lasseter and Brad Bird. After two years, Ranft's student film Good Humor caught the attention of Disney animation executives, who offered him a job.
In 1980, Joe Ranft joined Disney as a writer and storyboard artist. During his first five years with Disney, Joe worked on a number of television projects that were never produced. Later in his Disney career, he was promoted into the Feature Animation department, where he was mentored by Eric Larson. Ranft later spoke about training under the Disney legend: "He always reminds me of just the fundamental things that I tend to forget. You know, it like, animation is so complex; 'How many drawings are in there?' and stuff, but Eric always comes back to like; 'What does the audience perceive?'" Around this time, he studied under and began performing with the improvisational group, The Groundlings. Ranft stayed with Disney throughout the 1980s, writing the story on many animated features including Oliver & Company, The Lion King and Beauty and the Beast. He also worked on The Brave Little Toaster in 1987 for Hyperion Animation and James and the Giant Peach in 1996 for Allied Filmmakers.

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John Boorman
John Boorman (born 18 January 1933) is a British filmmaker who is a long time resident of Ireland and is best known for his feature films such as Point Blank, Deliverance, Zardoz, Excalibur, The Emerald Forest, Hope and Glory, The General and The Tailor of Panama.
Boorman was born in Shepperton, Surrey, England, the son of Ivy (née Chapman) and George Boorman. He was educated at the Salesian School in Chertsey, Surrey, even though his family was not Roman Catholic. He has directed a total of 22 movies.
Boorman first began by working as a drycleaner and journalist in the late 1950s. He ran the newsrooms at Southern Television in Southampton and Dover before moving into TV documentary filmmaking, eventually becoming the head of the BBC's Bristol-based Documentary Unit in 1962.
Capturing the interest of producer David Deutsch, he was offered the chance to direct a film aimed at repeating the success of A Hard Day's Night (directed by Richard Lester in 1964): Catch Us If You Can (1965) is about competing pop group Dave Clark Five. While not as successful commercially as Lester's film, it drew good reviews from distinguished critics such as Pauline Kael and Dilys Powell and smoothed Boorman's way into the film industry. Boorman was drawn to Hollywood for the opportunity to make larger-scale cinema and in Point Blank (1967), a powerful interpretation of a Richard Stark novel, brought a stranger's vision to the decaying fortress of Alcatraz and the proto-hippy world of San Francisco. Lee Marvin gave the then-unknown director his full support, telling MGM he deferred all his approvals on the project to Boorman.

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John Briley
John Richard Briley (b. 25 August 1925) is an American writer best known for screenplays of biopics. He won the Academy Award For Best Original Screenplay at the 1982 Oscars for Gandhi. As well as film scripts, he has written for television and theatre, and published several novels.
Briley was born in Kalamazoo, Michigan, and served in the United States Air Force, 1943–46, reaching the rank of captain. At the University of Michigan, he gained a BA in 1950 and an MA in English 1951. He married Dorothy Louise Reichart in 1950, and they had four children. He worked in public relations for General Motors before rejoining the air force in 1955. He was posted to RAF Northolt airbase at South Ruislip near London, where he was director of orientation activities and started writing.
In 1960, he earned a PhD in Elizabethan drama from the University of Birmingham, left the air force and became a staff writer with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer at Elstree Studios in Borehamwood. He left MGM in 1964. He also had an uncredited part in the 1965 comedy Situation Hopeless... But Not Serious.

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John Cassavetes
John Nicholas Cassavetes (in Greek: Γιάννης Νικόλαος Κασσαβέτης; December 9, 1929 – February 3, 1989) was an Greek-American actor, screenwriter and filmmaker. He acted in many Hollywood films, notably Rosemary's Baby (1968) and The Dirty Dozen (1967). Cassevetes was also a pioneer of American independent film by writing and directing over a dozen movies, which he financed in part with his Hollywood paychecks, and which pioneered the use of improvisation and a realistic cinéma vérité style.
Cassavetes was born in New York as the son of Greek American Katherine Cassavetes (who was to feature in some of his films) and Greek immigrant Nicholas John Cassavetes. His early years were spent with his family in Greece; when he returned at age seven, he spoke no English. He grew up on Long Island, New York. He attended Port Washington High School from 1945 to 1947, participating in Port Weekly (the school paper), Red Domino (interclass play), football, and the Port Light (yearbook). Next to his photo on page 55 of his 1947 year book is written: "'Cassy' is always ready with a wisecrack, but he does have a serious side. A 'sensational' personality. Drives his 'heap' all over." Cassavetes also attended high school at Blair Academy in New Jersey before spending a year at Colgate University in Hamilton, New York, before transferring to the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. After graduating in 1950, he continued acting in the theater, took small parts in films and began working on television in anthology series, such as Alcoa Theatre.

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John Cleese
John Marwood Cleese (/ˈkliːz/; born 27 October 1939) is an English actor, comedian, writer and film producer. He achieved success at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe and as a scriptwriter and performer on The Frost Report. In the late 1960s he became a member of Monty Python, the comedy troupe responsible for the sketch show Monty Python's Flying Circus and the four Monty Python films: And Now for Something Completely Different, The Holy Grail, Life of Brian and The Meaning of Life.
In the mid 1970s, Cleese and his first wife, Connie Booth, co-wrote and starred in the British sitcom Fawlty Towers. Later, he co-starred with Kevin Kline, Jamie Lee Curtis and former Python colleague Michael Palin in A Fish Called Wanda and Fierce Creatures. He also starred in Clockwise, and has appeared in many other films, including two James Bond films as R/Q, two Harry Potter films and three Shrek films.
With Yes Minister writer Antony Jay he co-founded Video Arts, a production company making entertaining training films.

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John Guare
John Guare (pronounced gwâr; born February 5, 1938) is an American playwright. He is best known as the author of The House of Blue Leaves, Six Degrees of Separation, and Landscape of the Body. His style, which mixes comic invention with an acute sense of the failure of human relations and aspirations, is at once cruel and deeply compassionate.
In the foreword to a collection of Guare's plays, film director Louis Malle writes:
Guare was born in New York City and raised in Jackson Heights, Queens. He was raised a Roman Catholic, but is apparently now a lapsed Catholic. He was educated at Georgetown University, (BA, 1960), where in 1958 he contributed a song to an original musical revue entitled The Natives Are Restless and presented by the Mask and Bauble Dramatic Society. The song humorously attributed the success of many famous people to the syllable “O” in their names. Under the direction of Donn B. Murphy, his play The Toadstool Boy, about a country singer's quest for fame, won first place in the District of Columbia Recreation Department's One-Act-Play competition.

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John Huston
John Marcellus Huston (August 5, 1906 – August 28, 1987) was an American film director, screenwriter and actor. He wrote the screenplay for most of the 37 feature films he directed, many of which are today considered classics: The Maltese Falcon (1941), The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (1948), Key Largo (1948), The Asphalt Jungle (1950), The African Queen (1951), Moulin Rouge (1952), The Misfits (1961), and The Man Who Would Be King (1975). During his 46-year career, Huston received 15 Oscar nominations, winning twice, and directed both his father, Walter Huston, and daughter, Anjelica Huston, to Oscar wins in different films.
Huston was known to direct with the vision of an artist, having studied and worked as a fine art painter in Paris in his early years. He continued to explore the visual aspects of his films throughout his career: sketching each scene on paper beforehand, then carefully framing his characters during the shooting. In addition, while most directors rely on post-production editing to shape their final work, Huston instead created his films while they were being shot, making his films both more economical and more cerebral, with little editing needed.

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John Lasseter
John Alan Lasseter (born January 12, 1957) is an American animator, film director and the chief creative officer at Pixar and Walt Disney Animation Studios. He is also currently the Principal Creative Advisor for Walt Disney Imagineering.
Lasseter's first job was with The Walt Disney Company, where he became an animator. Next, he joined Lucasfilm, where he worked on the then-groundbreaking use of CGI animation. After the Graphics Group of the Computer Division of Lucasfilm was sold to Steve Jobs and became Pixar in 1986, Lasseter oversaw all of Pixar's films and associated projects as executive producer and he directed Toy Story, A Bug's Life, Toy Story 2, Cars, and Cars 2. Lasseter is also the creator of Cars.
He has won two Academy Awards, for Animated Short Film (for Tin Toy), as well as a Special Achievement Award (for Toy Story).
Lasseter was born in Hollywood, California. His mother, Jewell Mae (née Risley), was an art teacher at Bell Gardens High School, and his father, Paul Eual Lasseter, was a parts manager at a Chevrolet dealership. Lasseter grew up in Whittier, California. His mother's profession contributed to his growing preoccupation with animation. He often drew cartoons during church services at the Church of Christ his family attended. As a child, Lasseter would race home from school to watch Chuck Jones cartoons on television. While in high school, he read The Art of Animation by Bob Thomas. The book covered the history of Disney animation and the making of a book about Sleeping Beauty, which made Lasseter realize he wanted to do animation himself. When he saw Disney's 1963 film The Sword in the Stone, he finally made the decision that he should become an animator.

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John Logan (writer)
John David Logan (born September 24, 1961) is an American playwright, screenwriter, and film producer.
Logan was born in San Diego on September 24, 1961. His parents emigrated to the US from Northern Ireland via Canada. The youngest of three children, he has an older brother and sister. Logan grew up in California and New Jersey, before moving to Chicago to attend Northwestern University, where he graduated in 1983. He is openly gay.
Logan was a successful playwright in Chicago for many years before turning to screenwriting. His first play, Never the Sinner, tells the story of the infamous Leopold and Loeb case. Subsequent plays include Hauptmann, about the Lindbergh baby kidnapping, and Riverview, a musical melodrama set at Chicago's famed amusement park.
His play Red, about artist Mark Rothko, was produced by the Donmar Warehouse, London in December 2009, and on Broadway, where it received six Tony Awards in mid-June, 2010, the most of any play, including best play, best direction of a play for Michael Grandage and best featured actor in a play for Eddie Redmayne. Redmayne and Alfred Molina had originated their roles in London and brought them to New York for a limited run ending in late June.

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John Patrick Shanley
John Patrick Shanley (born October 3, 1950) is an American playwright, screenwriter, and director. He also contributed articles on the performing arts to The New York Times among other publications.
Shanley was born in The Bronx, New York City, to a telephone operator mother and a meat-packer father. Per his Editorial Review by Amazon, he was thrown out of St. Helene's kindergarten, banned from St. Anthony's hot lunch program and expelled from Cardinal Spellman High School. When asked why he had been treated in this way, he burst into tears and said he had no idea. Then he went into the United States Marines.
He is a graduate of New York University, and is a member of the Ensemble Studio Theatre. For his script for the 1987 film, Moonstruck, Shanley won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay and the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen.
In 1990, Shanley directed his script of Joe Versus the Volcano. Shanley also wrote two songs for the movie: "Marooned Without You" and "The Cowboy Song."

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John Sayles
John Thomas Sayles (born September 28, 1950) is an American independent film director, screenwriter and author.
Sayles was born in Schenectady, New York, the son of Mary (née Rausch), a teacher, and Donald John Sayles, a school administrator. He was raised Catholic and took to labeling himself "a Catholic atheist".^{[citation needed]} Both of Sayles's parents were of half-Irish descent.
Like Martin Scorsese and James Cameron, among others, Sayles began his film career working with Roger Corman. Sayles went on to fund his first film, Return of the Secaucus 7, with $30,000 he had in the bank from writing scripts for Corman.^{[citation needed]} He set the film in a large house so that he did not have to travel to or get permits for different locations, set it over a three-day weekend to limit costume changes, and wrote about people his age so that he could have his friends act in it. In November 1997, the National Film Preservation Board announced that Return of the Secaucus 7 would be one of the 25 films selected that year for preservation in the National Film Registry at the Library of Congress.

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John Singleton
John Daniel Singleton (born January 6, 1968) is an American film director, screenwriter, and producer. A native of South Los Angeles, many of his early films consider the implications of inner-city violence like the critically acclaimed and popular Boyz n the Hood, Poetic Justice, Higher Learning and Baby Boy. He branched out into mainstream territory with the blockbuster 2 Fast 2 Furious and Four Brothers.
Singleton was born in Los Angeles, the son of Sheila Ward-Johnson, a pharmaceutical company sales executive, and Danny Singleton, a real estate agent, mortgage broker, and financial planner. He attended Pasadena City College and the USC School of Cinematic Arts. He graduated from USC in 1990, and is a member of Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity. Singleton was enrolled in the University of Southern California's Filmic Writing program under Margaret Mehring and her now famous curriculum. The program was designed to take students directly into the Hollywood system as proficient writer/directors.

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John Steinbeck
John Ernst Steinbeck, Jr. (February 27, 1902 – December 20, 1968) was an American writer. He is widely known for the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel The Grapes of Wrath (1939) and East of Eden (1952) and the novella Of Mice and Men (1937). He was an author of twenty-seven books, including sixteen novels, six non-fiction books and five collections of short stories; Steinbeck received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1962.
John Ernst Steinbeck, Jr. was born on February 27, 1902, in Salinas, California. He was of German and Irish descent. Johann Adolf Großsteinbeck, Steinbeck's paternal grandfather, had shortened the family name to Steinbeck when he immigrated to the United States. The family farm in Heiligenhaus, Mettmann, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, is still today named "Großsteinbeck."
His father, John Ernst Steinbeck, served as Monterey County treasurer. John's mother, Olive Hamilton, a former school teacher, shared Steinbeck's passion of reading and writing. The Steinbecks were members of the Episcopal Church. Steinbeck lived in a small rural town that was essentially a frontier settlement, set amid some of the world's most fertile land. He spent his summers working on nearby ranches and later with migrant workers on Spreckels ranch. He became aware of the harsher aspects of migrant life and the darker side of human nature, which supplied him with material expressed in such works as Of Mice and Men. He also explored his surroundings, walking across local forests, fields, and farms.

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Jonathan Nolan
Jonathan Nolan (born June 6, 1976) is a British-American author and screenwriter. His short story "Memento Mori" was used by his brother, director Christopher Nolan, as the basis for the screenplay for the critically acclaimed film Memento. He has also co-written the screenplays for The Prestige and The Dark Knight, with his brother. He recently created the CBS drama Person of Interest. He has also been credited under his nickname of Jonah.
He was born in London, England, to an English father and American mother. He was raised in the Chicago area. Nolan attended Loyola Academy in Wilmette, Illinois, graduating in 1994, and then graduated from Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., in 1999, where he majored in English and was a staff writer for The Hoya.
While his brother, Christopher, speaks with a British accent, Jonathan speaks with an American accent.
Nolan describes his successful working relationship with his brother in the production notes of The Prestige: "I’ve always suspected that it has something to do with the fact that he’s left-handed and I’m right-handed, because he’s somehow able to look at my ideas and flip them around in a way that’s just a little bit more twisted and interesting. It’s great to be able to work with him like that." In addition, they also contrast in the way they speak; both brothers have mixed American and British accents, Jonathan has a more American accent while Christopher has a more British accent.

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Joseph L. Mankiewicz
Joseph Leo Mankiewicz (February 11, 1909 – February 5, 1993) was an American film director, screenwriter, and producer. Mankiewicz had a long Hollywood career and is best known as the writer-director of All About Eve (1950), which was nominated for 14 Academy Awards and won six. He was brother to screenwriter and drama critic Herman J. Mankiewicz who also won an Oscar for co-writing Citizen Kane (1941).
Joseph Mankiewicz was born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania to Franz Mankiewicz (died 1941) and Johanna Blumenau, Jewish immigrants from Germany. He had a sister, Erna Mankiewicz (1901–1979), and a brother, Herman J. Mankiewicz, who became a screenwriter.
At age four, Mankiewicz moved with his family to New York City where he graduated in 1924 from Stuyvesant High School. In 1928, he obtained a bachelor's degree from Columbia University. For a time he worked in Berlin, Germany, as a foreign correspondent for the Chicago Tribune newspaper before entering the motion picture business.
Comfortable in a variety of genres and able to elicit career performances from actors and actresses alike, Joseph L. Mankiewicz combined ironic, sophisticated scripts with a precise, sometimes stylised mise en scène. Mankiewicz worked for seventeen years as a screenwriter for Paramount and as a producer for MGM before getting a chance to direct at Twentieth Century-Fox. Over six years he made 11 films for Fox, reaching a peak in 1950 and 1951 when he won consecutive Academy Awards for Screenplay and Direction for both A Letter to Three Wives and All About Eve.

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Josh Greenfeld
Josh Greenfeld (born 1928) is an author and screenwriter mostly known for his screenplay for the 1974 film Harry and Tonto along with Paul Mazursky, which earned them an Academy Award nomination and its star, Art Carney, the Oscar itself for Best Actor. Greenfeld also wrote Oh, God! Book II and the TV special Lovey and is the author of several books about his autistic son, Noah Greenfeld.
The trilogy, A Child Called Noah, A Place for Noah, and A Client Called Noah, detail the effects that Noah's disabilities place on the Greenfelds and the extraordinary lengths that the family went through to find the very best care available for their son. His wife, Fumiko Kometani, is a Japanese writer and has won the Akutagawa Prize, Japan's most prestigious literary award; she too wrote about their son and his developmental disability. His older son, Karl Taro Greenfeld, a special contributor to Portfolio and Details, wrote his own story of growing up with Noah entitled Boy Alone: A Brother's Memoir.

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Jules Dassin
Julius "Jules" Dassin (18 December 1911 – 31 March 2008) was an American film director, with Jewish-Russian origins. He was a subject of the Hollywood blacklist in the McCarthy era, and subsequently moved to France, where he revived his career.
One of eight children of Berthe Vogel and Samuel Dassin, a Russian-Jewish barber in Middletown, Connecticut, Dassin grew up in Harlem and went to Morris High School in the Bronx. He joined the Communist Party USA in the 1930s and left it after the Hitler–Stalin Pact in 1939. He started as a Yiddish actor with the ARTEF (Yiddish Proletarian Theater) company in New York. He collaborated on a film with Jack Skurnick that was incomplete because of Skurnick's early death.
In 1937 he married Beatrice Launer, with whom he had three children. In May 1955 he met Melina Mercouri at the Cannes Film Festival. At about the same time, he discovered the literary works of Nikos Kazantzakis. These two elements created a bond with Greece. He divorced Launer in 1962 and married Mercouri in 1966. The couple had to leave Greece after the colonels' coup in 1967. In 1970, they were accused of having financed an attempt to overthrow the dictatorship, but the charges were quickly dropped.^{[citation needed]} Dassin and Mercouri lived in New York City during the 1970s; then, when the general's dictatorship in Greece fell in 1974, they returned to Greece and lived out their lives there. While Mercouri became involved with politics and won a parliamentary seat, Dassin stayed with movie-making in Europe but found time in the U.S. to make another movie, the racial drama Up Tight!, which would be his last American film.^{[citation needed]}

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Julian Fellowes
Julian Alexander Kitchener-Fellowes, Baron Fellowes of West Stafford, DL (born 17 August 1949), known professionally as Julian Fellowes, is an English actor, novelist, film director and screenwriter, as well as a Conservative peer.
Fellowes was born in Cairo, Egypt, the youngest son of Olwen (née Stuart-Jones) and Peregrine Edward Launcelot Fellowes, a diplomat and Arabist who campaigned to have Haile Selassie restored to his throne during World War II.
His childhood home was in Wetherby Place in South Kensington.
Fellowes was educated at several private schools in Britain: first at Wetherby School (Wetherby Place, South Kensington, London), then at St. Philip's, a Roman Catholic pre-preparatory school, also in Wetherby Place; and finally at the Catholic public school Ampleforth College. He went up to Magdalene College, University of Cambridge, where he was a member of Footlights. He next studied at the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art (London).
Fellowes moved to Los Angeles in 1981 and played a number of small TV roles for the next two years. He believed his breakthrough had come when he was considered to replace Hervé Villechaize as the butler on the TV series Fantasy Island, but the role was given to a much older British actor.

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Ken Annakin
Kenneth Cooper Annakin OBE (10 August 1914 – 22 April 2009) was an English film director.
Annakin grew up in Beverley, Yorkshire where he attended the local school. He began his career in feature films following an early experience making documentaries. His first filmwork was in 1947 with the Rank Organisation. The following year he moved to Gainsborough Pictures to direct three films about the Huggetts, a working class family living in suburban England these highly successful films starring Jack Warner, Kathleen Harrison, Petula Clark and Diana Dors (amongst others)are seen as the genesis of the British soap opera. Annakin became known for a series of Walt Disney adventures including The Story of Robin Hood and His Merrie Men (1952), The Sword and the Rose (1953), Third Man on the Mountain (1959), and Swiss Family Robinson (1960).
He was later associated with another American producer, Darryl F. Zanuck, when he was hired to direct the British segments in The Longest Day (1962). As head of the 20th Century-Fox Studio, Zanuck endorsed Annakin's most ambitious project Those Magnificent Men in their Flying Machines (1965). Annakin also directed the big-scale war film Battle of the Bulge (also 1965) for the Warner Brothers studio.

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Kenneth Lonergan
Kenneth Lonergan (born October 16, 1962) is an American playwright, screenwriter, and director.
Born in the Bronx, New York City, New York, Lonergan began writing in high school at the Walden School (a defunct private school in Manhattan with a strong drama program).
His first play, The Rennings Children, was chosen for the Young Playwright's Festival in 1982 while he was still an undergraduate. Lonegran matriculated at Wesleyan University where he trained as a playwright and director; he would go on to graduate from the NYU Playwriting Program.
After graduating from NYU, Lonergan worked as a speechwriter for the Environmental Protection Agency. He also wrote industrial shows—long-play commercials—for clients such as Weight Watchers and Fujifilm.
Lonergan's first theatrical success came with the play This is Our Youth (1996); it was followed by The Waverley Gallery (1999), based on his grandmother's Greenwich Village Gallery, and later Lobby Hero (2002).
Lonergan's film career began with his screenplay for the gangland comedy Analyze This (1999). He was subsequently offered a job writing The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle (2000).

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Kirsten Sheridan
Kirsten Sheridan (born July 14, 1976) is an Irish film director and screenwriter. The director of August Rush (2007) and Disco Pigs (2001), Sheridan was nominated for an Academy Award for co-writing the semi-autobiographical film In America with her father, director Jim Sheridan, and her sister, Naomi Sheridan.
Born in Dublin, Sheridan moved to New York City in 1981, spending her early childhood there while her father struggled to make it as an actor and theatre director. Her family moved back to Ireland eight years later, whereupon her father found success as the director of My Left Foot, in which Sheridan plays the younger sister of lead actor Daniel Day-Lewis. She studied script writing at New York University in 1993 and went to film school at University College Dublin, ultimately earning her film degree from Dun Laoghaire College of Art and Design in 1998. Her thesis short film Patterns won several international film festival awards, including Clermont-Ferrand, Cork, Galway, Dresden, Aspen, and Chicago, and her next short, The Case of Majella McGinty, about a little girl who escapes her stressful life by crawling into a suitcase, received festival awards at Foyle, Cork, San Francisco, Cologne, and Worldfest Houston.

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Kristen Wiig
Kristen Carroll Wiig (pronounced /ˈwiːɡ/; born August 22, 1973) is an American actress, comedienne, and writer. She is best known for her work as a cast member on the NBC sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live from 2005 to 2012. Wiig was a member of the improvisational comedy troupe The Groundlings, and has appeared in several films and television series, including Bridesmaids, MacGruber, Flight of the Conchords, Adventureland, and Paul. Her voice acting credits include "Ruffnut" in How to Train Your Dragon, "Miss Hattie" in Despicable Me and "Lola Bunny" in the series The Looney Tunes Show.
In 2011, Wiig co-wrote and starred in Bridesmaids, receiving nominations for her acting from the Golden Globes and the Screen Actors Guild and for her writing from the Academy and from BAFTA.
Wiig was born in Canandaigua, New York, the daughter of Laurie J. (née Johnston), an artist, and Jon J. Wiig, who ran a lake marina in Upstate New York. Her father is of Norwegian and Irish ancestry and her mother is of English and Scottish descent. The name "Wiig" hails from the area of Sogn og Fjordane in Norway. She moved with her family to Lancaster, Pennsylvania, at the age of three. Wiig later moved to Rochester, New York, where she attended and graduated from Brighton High School. After a short stint at Roanoke College, Wiig went on to attend the University of Arizona with a major in art. She took an acting class in university to fulfill a course requirement; her teacher suggested she continue to act. She dropped out and relocated to Los Angeles, where she joined The Groundlings while working odd jobs to support herself.

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Krzysztof Kieślowski
Krzysztof Kieślowski (Polish pronunciation: [ˈkʂɨʂtɔf kʲɛˈɕlɔfskʲi] (

listen); 27 June 1941 – 13 March 1996) was an influential Polish film director and screenwriter known internationally for The Decalogue (1989), The Double Life of Véronique (1991), and The Three Colors Trilogy (1993–1994). Kieślowski received numerous awards throughout his career, including the Cannes Film Festival Jury Prize (1988), FIPRESCI Prize (1988, 1991), and Prize of the Ecumenical Jury (1991); the Venice Film Festival FIPRESCI Prize (1989), Golden Lion (1993), and OCIC Award (1993); and the Berlin International Film Festival Silver Bear (1994). In 1995 he received Academy Award nominations for Best Director and Best Writing.
Kieślowski was born in Warsaw and grew up in several small towns, moving wherever his engineer father, a tuberculosis patient, could find treatment. At sixteen, he briefly attended a firefighters' training school, but dropped out after three months. Without any career goals, he then entered the College for Theatre Technicians in Warsaw in 1957 because it was run by a relative. He decided to become a theatre director, but at the time you had to already have at least a bachelor to apply for the theatre school, so he chose to study film as an intermediate step. He was raised Roman Catholic and retained what he called a "personal and private" relationship with God.

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Krzysztof Piesiewicz
Krzysztof Marek Piesiewicz (Polish pronunciation: [ˈkʂɨʂtɔf pjɛˈɕɛvit͡ʂ]; born on October 25, 1945 in Warsaw, Poland) is a Polish lawyer, screenwriter, and politician, who is currently a member of the Polish Parliament and head of the Ruch Społeczny (RS) or Social Movement Party.
Piesiewicz studied law at Warsaw University and began practicing in 1973. Through the late 1970s he became increasingly involved in political cases, defending opponents of the Communist regime, serving as a legal advisor for Solidarity, and assisting in the successful prosecution of the murderers of Jerzy Popiełuszko.
In 1982 he met the film director Krzysztof Kieślowski, who was planning to direct a documentary on political show trials in Poland under martial law. Piesiewicz agreed to help, though he doubted whether an accurate film could be made within the constraints of the judicial system; indeed, the filmmakers found that their presence in court seemed to be affecting the outcomes of cases, often improving the prospects of the accused, but making it hard to capture judicial abuses.

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Lamar Trotti
Lamar Jefferson Trotti (October 18, 1900 - August 28, 1952) was an American screenwriter, producer, and motion picture executive.
Trotti was born in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. He became the first graduate of the Henry W. Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication at the University of Georgia (UGA) in Athens, Georgia, when he received a Bachelor of Arts in Journalism (ABJ) in 1921. While at UGA, he was the editor of the independent student newspaper The Red and Black.
In the silent film era, he was a reporter for the daily Atlanta Georgian, where he interviewed many show business people, such as Viola Dana. Later, Trotti became an executive at Fox Film Corporation in 1933 and after its 1935 merger with Twentieth Century Pictures to become 20th Century Fox, he remained with the company until his death. He wrote about fifty films for the studio, producing many of them. He only wrote one screenplay for another studio, You Can't Buy Everything (1934) for MGM.
He won an Academy Award for Writing Original Screenplay in 1944 for Wilson and was nominated for Young Mr. Lincoln (1939) and There's No Business Like Show Business (1952).

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Larry Gelbart
Larry Simon Gelbart (February 25, 1928 – September 11, 2009) was an American television writer, playwright, screenwriter and author.
Gelbart was born in Chicago to Jewish immigrants Harry Gelbart ("a barber since his half of a childhood in Latvia") and Frieda Sturner, who migrated to America from Dombrowa,^{[disambiguation needed ]}Poland. Marcia Gelbart Walkenstein was his sister.
Gelbart began as a writer at the age of sixteen for Danny Thomas' radio show after his father, who was Thomas' barber, showed Thomas some jokes Gelbart had written. During the 1940s Gelbart also wrote for Jack Paar and Bob Hope. In the 1950s, his most important work in television involved writing for Red Buttons, Sid Caesar on Caesar's Hour, in Celeste Holm's Honestly, Celeste!, as well as with writers Mel Tolkin, Michael Stewart, Selma Diamond, Neil Simon, Mel Brooks, Carl Reiner, and (on two Caesar specials) Woody Allen.
In 1972, Gelbart was one of the main forces behind the creation of the television series M*A*S*H, writing the pilot (for which he received a "Developed for Television by..." credit) and then producing, often writing and occasionally directing the series for its first four seasons (1972–1976). M*A*S*H earned Gelbart a Peabody Award and an Emmy for Outstanding Comedy Series and went on to considerable commercial and critical success.

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Lawrence Kasdan
Lawrence Edward Kasdan (born January 14, 1949) is an American film producer, director, and screenwriter.
Kasdan was born in Miami, Florida, the son of Sylvia Sarah (née Landau), an employment counselor, and Clarence Norman Kasdan, who managed retail electronics stores. His brother is the writer/producer Mark Kasdan. He was raised in Morgantown, West Virginia, where he graduated from Morgantown High School in 1966. His family is Jewish.
He graduated from the University of Michigan with an MA in Education, originally planning on a career as an English teacher. He was a student of Professor Kenneth Thorpe Rowe. Upon graduation, Kasdan was unable to find a teaching position, so he became an advertising copywriter, a profession he did not enjoy, but remained in for five years (even picking up a Clio Award along the way), first in Detroit and later in Los Angeles where he tried to interest Hollywood in his screenplays.
Kasdan's introduction into the film business came in the mid-1970s when after being rejected 37 times, his script for The Bodyguard was sold to Warner Bros. as a vehicle for Diana Ross and Steve McQueen. The script became stuck in "development hell" and became one of several scripts successively called "the best un-made film in Hollywood"; it was eventually produced as a 1992 film starring Whitney Houston and Kevin Costner.

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Lawrence Lasker
Lawrence C. Lasker (born October 7, 1949 in Los Angeles County, California) is a screenwriter and producer who entered American film in 1983 as writer of the movie WarGames. He is the son of actress Jane Greer and producer Edward Lasker. His paternal grandfather was businessman Albert Lasker and his paternal step-grandmother was actress Doris Kenyon. He graduated from the Phillips Exeter Academy in 1967 and attended Yale University, as did his father.
Lasker was credited for work in at least the following movies:
Additionally, he created the TV series Eddie Dodd along with its pilot episode that first aired in 1991.
Lasker and Walter F. Parkes were nominated for an Academy Award in screenwriting in 1983 for WarGames. He and Parkes were later also nominated for Best Picture of the Year in 1990 for Awakenings.

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Leonard Gershe
Leonard Gershe (June 10, 1922 - March 9, 2002) was an American playwright, screenwriter, and lyricist.
Born in New York City, Gershe made his Broadway debut as a lyricist for the 1950 revue Alive and Kicking. He wrote the book for Harold Rome's musical stage adaptation of Destry Rides Again in 1959, and in 1969 a play, Butterflies are Free. Later Gershe wrote another play, Snacks, intended for Tony Danza.
He wrote the lyrics for the "Born in a Trunk" sequence from the Judy Garland/James Mason musical A Star Is Born. In the 1950s, Gershe wrote ten scripts for the Ann Sothern sitcom Private Secretary. He also wrote a number of episodes of The Lucy Show. His screen credits include Funny Face, 40 Carats, and Butterflies Are Free.
Gershe died in Beverly Hills, California from complications from a stroke.

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Lesser Samuels
Lesser Samuels (26 July 1894 - 22 December 1980) enjoyed a 20 year career as a Hollywood screenwriter.
He is best known for back-to-back Oscar nominations for the racial drama No Way Out in 1950 and Billy Wilder's lacerating critique of tabloid journalism Ace in the Hole the following year.
Samuels also wrote and served as associate producer on the notorious Biblical flop The Silver Chalice - a film which its star Paul Newman deems as being one of the low points of his career - in 1954.
Samuels co-authored the book for the 1960 Frank Loesser musical Greenwillow.

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Lillian Hellman
Lillian Florence "Lilly" Hellman (June 20, 1905 – June 30, 1984) was an American author of plays, screenplays, and memoirs and throughout her life, was linked with many left-wing political causes.
Lillian Hellman was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, into a Jewish family. Her mother was Julia Newhouse of Demopolis, Alabama and her father was Max Hellman, a New Orleans shoe salesman. Julia Newhouse's parents were Sophie Marx, of a successful banking family, and Leonard Newhouse, a Demopolis liquor dealer. During most of her childhood she spent half of each year in New Orleans, in a boarding home run by her aunts, and the other half in New York City. She studied for two years at New York University and then took several courses at Columbia University.
On December 31, 1925, Hellman married Arthur Kober, a playwright and press agent, although they often lived apart. In 1929, she traveled around Europe for a time and settled in Bonn to continue her education. She felt an initial attraction to a Nazi student group that advocated "a kind of socialism" until their questioning about her Jewish ties made their anti-Semitism clear, and she returned immediately to the United States. Years later she wrote, "Then for the first time in my life I thought about being a Jew."

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Lina Wertmüller
Lina Wertmüller (born 14 August 1926) is an Italian film writer and director of aristocratic Swiss descent. In 1976, she became the first woman ever to be nominated for an Academy Award for Directing with the film Seven Beauties.
With the full name Arcangela Felice Assunta Wertmüller von Elgg Español von Braueich, Wertmüller was born in Rome to a devoutly Roman Catholic Swiss family. She was rebellious as a child and was expelled from more than a dozen Catholic schools. Although her father wanted her to become a lawyer she enrolled in theatre school.^{[citation needed]}
After graduating from school, her first job was touring Europe in a puppet show. For the next ten years she worked as an actress, director and playwright in legitimate theatre. During this period she met Giancarlo Giannini, who would later star in many of her films. Through her acquaintance with Marcello Mastroianni, she met Federico Fellini and in 1962 Fellini offered her the position of assistant director on 8½. The following year, Wertmüller made her directorial debut with The Lizards (I Basilischi), a film whose subject matter (the lives of impoverished people in southern Italy) would become a recurring motif in her later work.^{[citation needed]}

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Lisa Cholodenko
Lisa Cholodenko (born June 5, 1964) is an American film and television writer/director. She is best known for her highly acclaimed 2010 comedy-drama The Kids Are All Right which was nominated for a number of awards including four Academy Awards, Best Picture among them.
Having grown up in a Jewish family (immigrants from Ukraine), in the San Fernando Valley, Cholodenko got her start in the film industry in New York in the early 1990s. She landed positions as assistant editor on Boyz n the Hood and Used People. She then enrolled at Columbia University School of the Arts, earning an MFA in screenwriting and directing. After writing and directing several acclaimed short films including Dinner Party, she made her feature film debut with High Art which won the Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award at the Sundance Film Festival as well as the National Society of Film Critics award for Ally Sheedy's performance. Both High Art and Laurel Canyon premiered at Cannes Director's Fortnight.
Cholodenko has also worked in television, with her adaptation of the novel Cavedweller for Showtime earning Independent Spirit Award nominations for Kyra Sedgwick and Aidan Quinn. She also directed episodes of Homicide: Life on the Street, Six Feet Under and The L Word.

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Louis Malle
Louis Malle (30 October 1932 – 23 November 1995) was an award-winning French film director, screenwriter, and producer. His film, Le Monde du silence, won the Palme d'Or and Academy Award for Best Documentary in 1956. He was also nominated multiple times for Academy Awards later in his career.
Malle worked in both French cinema and Hollywood, and he produced both French and English language films. His most famous films include Ascenseur pour l'échafaud (1958), Atlantic City (1981), and Au revoir, les enfants (1987).
Malle was born into a wealthy industrialist family in Thumeries, Nord, France. He initially studied political science at the Sciences-Po before turning to film studies at IDHEC instead.
He worked as the co-director and cameraman to Jacques Cousteau on the Oscar and Palme d'Or-winning (at the 1956 Academy Awards and Cannes Film Festival respectively) documentary The Silent World (1956) and assisted Robert Bresson on A Man Escaped (French title: Un condamné à mort s'est échappé ou Le vent souffle où il veut, 1956) before making his first feature, Ascenseur pour l'échafaud (released in the U.K. as Lift to the Scaffold and in the U.S. originally as Frantic, later as Elevator to the Gallows) in 1957. A taut thriller featuring an original score by Miles Davis, the film made an international film star of Jeanne Moreau, at the time a leading stage actress of the state Comédie-Française. Malle was 24 years old.

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Lowell Ganz
Lowell Ganz (born August 31, 1948) is an American screenwriter, television writer, and television producer. He is the long-time writing partner of Babaloo Mandel.
Ganz was born in New York City, New York, the son of Jean (née Farber) and Irving Ganz, an arts supply executive. Both of his parents were first-generation Americans born in New York. His mother's family is of Polish-Jewish origin from the Bialystok area; his father's family is of Hungarian-Jewish origin from Maramaros County in what is today northern Romania.
Ganz grew up in Queens, New York. He briefly attended Queens College, City University of New York, where he and his friend Mark Rothman wrote several comedic skits and shows for school productions. After Rothman's father Abe—a chauffeur who sometimes drove for The Mike Douglas Show—was able to pass a spec script of theirs to Tony Randall, the two got a try-out writing gig on Randall's hit TV show The Odd Couple. However, the producers of the show would only pay for them to come to Los Angeles one-way. Ganz and Rothman dropped out of college and headed west to take the job. After being fired—causing them to briefly live in their car and contemplate driving back across the country to New York—and then re-hired by producer Garry Marshall, the two became regular writers on the show; and Ganz eventually became Head Writer.

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Luchino Visconti
Luchino Visconti di Modrone, Count of Lonate Pozzolo (2 November 1906 - 17 March 1976), was an Italian theatre, opera and cinema director, as well as a screenwriter. He is best known for his films The Leopard (1963) and Death in Venice (1971).
One of seven children, Visconti was born in Milan into a noble and wealthy family, one of the region's richest. His father Giuseppe Visconti di Modrone was the Duke of Grazzano and Count of Lonate Pozzolo. In his early years he was exposed to art, music and theatre, and met the composer Giacomo Puccini, the conductor Arturo Toscanini and the writer Gabriele d'Annunzio.
During World War II Visconti joined the Italian Communist Party.
Visconti made no secret of his homosexuality. His last partner was the Austrian actor Helmut Berger, who played Martin in Visconti's film The Damned. Berger also appeared in Visconti's Ludwig in 1972 and Conversation Piece in 1974 along with Burt Lancaster. Other lovers included Franco Zeffirelli, who also worked as part of the crew in production design, as assistant director, and other roles in a number of Visconti's films and theatrical productions.

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Luis Puenzo
Luis Adalberto Puenzo (born February 19, 1946) is an Argentine film director, producer and screenplay writer.
He works mainly in the cinema of Argentina, but has also worked in the United States.
Puenzo was born in Buenos Aires in 1946. He began a successful career in 1965 producing television advertising spots in Argentina. He founded Luis Puenzo Cinema, a production company, with Sergio Tamburri (film editor and trombone player of the famous Porteña Jazz Band); the firm's name was changed to Cinemanía S.A. in 1974.
During Argentina's Dirty War in the mid 1970s and early 1980s many filmmakers became victims of repression and some went into exile; some disappeared. During this difficult time, Puenzo decided to work in advertising.
In the United States he is known for his film Old Gringo (1989), starring Gregory Peck, Jane Fonda and Jimmy Smits.
His The Official Story (1985) won an Academy Award for Best Foreign Film and many other accolades.
The Official Story, arguably Puenzo's best work, has been lauded by film critics and scholars for bringing to the screen a story that "[is] an excellent point of departure to explore some of Argentina and Latin America’s most salient problems today. As the film deals with its various themes, it shows their impact on individuals in a very personal way, thus making them more immediate." Today, Puenzo's film has become "a staple in many Latin American culture courses throughout the U.S. and Europe, keeping its relevance intact even though it is now well into its second decade."

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M. Night Shyamalan
Manoj Shyamalan (

/ˈʃæməlɑːn/;Maṉōj Śyāmaḷaṉ; Malayalam: മനോജ് ശ്യാമളന്‍; Tamil: மனோஜ் ஷியாமளன்; born 6 August 1970), known professionally as M. Night Shyamalan, is an American screenwriter, film director, and producer known for making movies with contemporary supernatural plots. He is also known for filming his movies (and staging his plots) in and around Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he was raised.
Most of Shyamalan's commercially successful films were co-produced by Disney's Touchstone Pictures film division.
In 2008, Shyamalan was awarded the Padma Shri by the government of India.
Shyamalan was born in a Hindu household in Mahé, Pondicherry, India. His father, Nelliate C. Shyamalan, is a Malayali physician from Mahé. His mother, Jayalakshmi, speaks Tamil and is an obstetrician and gynecologist by profession. In the 1960s, after medical school (at the Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research in Pondicherry) and the birth of their first child, Veena, his parents moved to the United States. His mother returned to India to spend the last five months of her pregnancy at her parents’ home in Chennai.

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Marc Norman
Marc Norman (born 1941, Los Angeles, California) is an American screenwriter.
With Tom Stoppard, he won the Oscar for Best Original Screenplay in the 71st Academy Awards of 1998, for his script of Shakespeare in Love; he also shared in the Best Picture Oscar for the film as co-producer. Norman and Stoppard also won the Silver Bear for an outstanding single achievement at the 49th Berlin International Film Festival.
Other screenwriting credits include the films Cutthroat Island (1995), The Aviator (1985), and an episode of the Mission: Impossible TV series.
He is also the author of Bike Riding in Los Angeles. A Novel (New York: Dutton 1972) and What Happens Next?: A History of Hollywood Screenwriting (New York: Harmony Books 2007; UK: Aurum Press 2008).

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Marcel Moussy
Marcel Moussy (Algiers, 1924 - Caen, 11 August 1995) was a French screenwriter and television director. He was co-nominated with François Truffaut for the Academy Award for Writing Original Screenplay for the film The 400 Blows (1959).

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Marcello Pagliero
Marcello Pagliero (15 January 1907 – 18 October 1980) was an Italian film director, actor, and screenwriter.
Pagliero was born in London and died in Paris. He is perhaps best known for his performance in the Roberto Rossellini film Rome, Open City (1945).
He moved to France in 1947, and continued to work in film until 1960 and in French television after that.
In 1949, he was nominated for an Academy Award for Writing Original Screenplay an as a co-writer for the Rossellini film Paisà.

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Marguerite Duras
Marguerite Donnadieu, known as Marguerite Duras (pronounced: [maʁ.ɡə.ʁit dy.ʁas]) (4 April 1914 – 3 March 1996) was a French writer and film director.
She was born in Gia-Dinh (a former name for Saigon), French Indochina (now Vietnam), after her parents responded to a campaign by the French government encouraging people to work in the colony.
Marguerite's father fell ill soon after their arrival, and returned to France, where he died. After his death, her mother, a teacher, remained in Indochina with her ten children. The family lived in relative poverty after her mother made a bad investment in an isolated property and area of farmland in Cambodia. The difficult life that the family experienced during this period was highly influential on Marguerite's later work. An affair between the teenaged Marguerite and a Chinese man was to be treated several times (described in quite contrasting ways) in her subsequent memoirs and fiction. She also reported being beaten by both her mother and her older brother during this period.

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Mario Monicelli
Mario Monicelli (Italian pronunciation: [ˈmarjo moniˈtʃɛlli]; 16 May 1915 – 29 November 2010) was an Italian director and screenwriter and one of the masters of the Commedia all'Italiana (Comedy Italian style), six times nominated for Oscar.
Monicelli was born in Viareggio and was the youngest son of the Mantuan journalist Tommaso Monicelli. His older brother Giorgio worked as writer and translator. Another older brother, Franco, was a journalist.
He attended studies in the local lyceum, and entered into the film world through his friendship with Giacomo Forzano, son of the playwright Giovacchino Forzano, who had been encharged by Benito Mussolini with the founding of cinema studios in Tirrenia. Monicelli lived a carefree youth, and many of the cinematic jokes he later shot in Amici Miei were taken from his experience.
Monicelli made his first short in 1934, a collaboration with his friend Alberto Mondadori. He followed this work up with the silent film I ragazzi della Via Paal (an adaptation of the novel The Paul Street Boys), which was an award-winner in the Venice Film Festival. His first feature length work was made in 1937 (Pioggia d'estate, "Summer Rain"). In the years 1939–1942 Monicelli also produced numerous screenplays (up to 40), and worked as an assistant director.

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Mark Andrus
Mark Andrus , born December 13, 1955 in Los Angeles, is an award-winning American screenwriter.
After receiving a Master of Business Administration from UC Riverside, Andrus decided to take a creative writing class while waiting to hear from the law schools to which he had applied. Impressed by his work, instructor Tomás Rivera encouraged him to enroll in the Master of Professional Writing Program at the University of Southern California. Upon graduation, Norman Lear signed him to a contract with his production company. He later joined Castle Rock Entertainment, where he received his first screen credit for the 1991 romantic fantasy Late for Dinner.
Shortly after, Andrus wrote Old Friends, a screenplay about the vilest man in New York City and his gay neighbor. Initially Kevin Kline, Ralph Fiennes, Holly Hunter, and producer Laura Ziskin expressed interest, but after a lot of meetings the project fell into limbo for three years until James L. Brooks became involved. The two collaborated on a rewrite that became As Good as It Gets, which won the duo the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay and the Southeastern Film Critics Association Award for Best Original Screenplay. The two also shared nominations for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay and the Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay.

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Mark Boal
Mark Boal (born 1973) is an American journalist, screenwriter and film producer. He won Academy Awards for Best Original Screenplay and Best Picture for The Hurt Locker (2009). His screenplay won six other major awards as well.
Mark Boal was born in 1973 in New York City. He attended Bronx High School of Science and was on the high school's Speech and Debate Team. He earned his undergraduate degree from Oberlin College in 1995.
Boal has worked as a freelance journalist and screenwriter. He has contributed articles to such magazines as The Village Voice, Rolling Stone, and Playboy.
Boal's 2004 article "Death and Dishonor", about the 2003 murder of veteran Richard T. Davis after his return to the United States, was published in Playboy magazine. It inspired writer/director Paul Haggis, who adapted it for his fictional screenplay for the film In the Valley of Elah, which he also directed. Boal and Haggis have writing credit for the story.
As a journalist, Boal was embedded with troops and bomb squads in 2004 during the Iraq War. He wrote an article about one of the bomb experts, Sergeant Jeffrey S. Sarver, in an article entitled "The Man in the Bomb Suit", published in September 2005 in Playboy magazine.

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Marshall Brickman
Marshall Brickman (born August 25, 1941) is an American screenwriter, best known for his collaborations with Woody Allen. He is also known for playing the banjo with Eric Weissberg in the 1960s, and for a series of comical parodies published in The New Yorker.
Brickman was born in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to American parents Pauline (née Wolin) and Abram Brickman. His family was Jewish. After attending the University of Wisconsin–Madison, he became a member of Folk act The Tarriers in 1962, recruited by former classmate Eric Weissberg. Upon the disbanding of The Tarriers in 1965, Brickman joined The New Journeymen with John Phillips and Michelle Phillips, who later had success with The Mamas & the Papas. He left The New Journeymen to pursue a career as a writer, initially writing for television in the 1960s, including Candid Camera, The Tonight Show, and The Dick Cavett Show. It was during this time that he met Allen, with whom he would collaborate on several 1970s film scripts, including Sleeper, Annie Hall (which won the Best Original Screenplay Academy Award), and Manhattan.

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Martin McDonagh
Martin McDonagh (born 26 March 1970) is a London-born Irish playwright, filmmaker, and screenwriter. Although he has lived in England his entire life, he is considered one of the most important living Irish playwrights.
McDonagh was born in Camberwell, London, England to Irish parents. His mother (originally from Killeenduff, Easky, County Sligo) and his father (originally from Lettermullen, Connemara, County Galway) later moved back to Galway, leaving Martin and his brother (writer-director John Michael McDonagh) to grow up in London.
He was awarded Critics' Circle Theatre Awards for Most Promising Playwright in 1996. Separated into two trilogies, McDonagh’s first six plays are located in and around County Galway, where he spent his holidays as a child. The first is set in Leenane, a small village on the west coast of Ireland, and consists of The Beauty Queen of Leenane (1996), A Skull in Connemara (1997) and The Lonesome West (1997). His second trilogy consists of The Cripple of Inishmaan (1997), The Lieutenant of Inishmore (2001) and The Banshees of Inisheer (which was never published, as McDonagh insisted it "isn't any good"), scattered across a trio of islands just off the coast of County Galway. His first non-Irish play, The Pillowman, is set in a fictitious totalitarian state, and premiered at the National Theatre in 2003, having been presented in a rehearsed reading in Galway in 1997. He has also penned two prize-winning radio plays, including The Tale of the Wolf and the Woodcutter.

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Massimo Franciosa
Massimo Franciosa (23 July 1924 – 30 March 1998) was an Italian screenwriter and film director. He wrote for 72 films between 1955 and 1991. He also directed nine films between 1963 and 1971. He was nominated for an Oscar for Best Screenplay for The Four Days of Naples in 1964.
He was born and died in Rome, Italy.

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Maurice Richlin
Maurice Richlin (February 23, 1920 – November 13, 1990) was an American screenwriter.

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Mel Brooks
Mel Brooks (born Melvin Kaminsky; June 28, 1926) is an American film director, screenwriter, composer, lyricist, comedian, actor and producer. He is best known as a creator of broad film farces and comic parodies. He began his career as a stand-up comic and as a writer for the early TV variety show Your Show of Shows. He became well known as part of the comedy duo with Carl Reiner, The 2000 Year Old Man. In middle age he became one of the most successful film directors of the 1970s, with many of his films being among the top ten money makers of the year that they were released. His most well known films include The Producers, Blazing Saddles, Young Frankenstein, History of the World, Part I and Spaceballs. More recently he has had a smash hit on Broadway with the musical adaptation of his first film, The Producers. He was married to the actress Anne Bancroft from 1964 until her death in 2005.
Brooks is a member of the short list of entertainers with the distinction of having won an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar and a Tony award. Three of his films ranked in the American Film Institute's list of the top 100 comedy films of all-time: Blazing Saddles at number 6, The Producers at number 11, and Young Frankenstein at number 13.

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Melissa Mathison
Melissa Mathison (born June 3, 1950) is an American film and television screenwriter.
She is perhaps most notable for writing the screenplays for the films The Black Stallion (1979); E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982), for which she received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay ; and Kundun (1997), a biographical-drama film about the Dalai Lama, the exiled political and spiritual leader of Tibet.
From 1983 to 2004, Mathison was married to Harrison Ford, with whom she has two children: Malcolm Carswell Ford (born March 10, 1987) and Georgia Ford (born June 30, 1990).

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Melville Shavelson
Melville Shavelson (April 1, 1917 – August 8, 2007) was an American film director, producer, screenwriter, and author. He was President of the Writers Guild of America, West (WGAw) from 1969 to 1971, 1979 to 1981, and 1985 to 1987. He came to Hollywood in 1938 as one of comedian Bob Hope's joke writers, a job he held for the next five years. He is responsible for the screenplays of such Hope films as The Princess and the Pirate (1944), Where There's Life (1947), The Great Lover (1949), and Sorrowful Jones (1949), which also starred Lucille Ball.
Shavelson was nominated twice for Academy Awards for Best Original Screenplay—first for 1955's The Seven Little Foys, starring Hope in a rare dramatic role, and then for 1958's Houseboat. He shared both nominations with Jack Rose. He also directed both films.
Other films he wrote and directed include Beau James (1957), The Five Pennies (1959) for which he won a Screen Writers Guild Award, It Started in Naples (1960), On the Double (1961), The Pigeon That Took Rome (1962), A New Kind of Love (1963), Cast a Giant Shadow (1966), and Yours, Mine and Ours (1968), which starred Henry Fonda and again with Lucille Ball. The film, a comedy about a widow (Lucille Ball) and a widower (Henry Fonda) raising 18 children together. When Ms. Ball later asked Mr. Shavelson how he enjoyed directing her, The Associated Press reported, he replied, “Lucy, this is the first time I ever made a film with 19 children.” Ms. Ball was not amused. In addition to his film work, Shavelson created two Emmy award-winning television series and wrote for a dozen Academy Award shows.

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Melvin Frank
Melvin Frank (13 August 1913 in Chicago, Illinois – 13 October 1988 in Los Angeles, California) was an American screenwriter, film producer and film director. He collaborated with a former schoolfriend, Norman Panama to form a writing partnership which endured for 3 decades. He is the father of Elizabeth Frank.

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Michael Arndt
Michael Arndt is an American screenwriter.
After graduating from New York University, Arndt was a script reader for some time before choosing to write screenplays instead. He is best known for his first produced screenplay Little Miss Sunshine, for which he received multiple awards including the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay.
Arndt is also well known for his second screenplay from the film Toy Story 3, for which he also received multiple awards and nominations including a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. This made Arndt the first screenwriter ever to be nominated for both the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay and Best Adapted Screenplay for his first two screenplays.
Arndt's father was a member of the Foreign Service, and as a result he lived in various countries, including Sri Lanka and India; he also lived in Virginia for a time. Ardnt graduated from Langley High School in McLean, Virginia, and also attended The Potomac School. He attended New York University and graduated from its film school. Arndt was a script reader for some time, and was a personal assistant to actor Matthew Broderick until late 1999, when he chose to begin writing screenplays full-time.

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Michael Cimino
Michael Cimino (pronounced [ˈtʃamɪnəʊ], "chi-MĒ-nō", born February 3, 1939) is an American film director, screenwriter, producer and author. He is best known for directing, producing and co-writing the 1978 Academy Award-winning The Deer Hunter and the infamous Heaven's Gate. His films are characterized by their striking visual style and controversial subject matter.
Michael Cimino was born in New York City on February 3, 1939. A third-generation Italian-American, Cimino grew up in Old Westbury, Long Island. He was regarded as a prodigy at the private schools his parents sent him to, but rebelled against his parents by consorting with lowlifes, getting into fights and coming home drunk. Of this time, Cimino described himself as "always hanging around with kids my parents didn't approve of. Those guys were so alive. When I was fifteen I spent three weeks driving all over Brooklyn with a guy who was following his girlfriend. He was convinced she was cheating on him, and he had a gun, he was going to kill her. There was such passion and intensity about their lives. When the rich kids got together, the most we ever did was cross against a red light."

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Michel Gondry
Michel Gondry (born May 8, 1963 in Versailles, France) is an Academy Award-winning filmmaker, whose works include being a commercial director, music video director, and a screenwriter. He is noted for his inventive visual style and manipulation of mise en scène.^{[citation needed]}
Gondry was born in Versailles, France. He is the grandson of inventor Constant Martin. He has a teenage son named Paul, who is also an artist.
Gondry's vision and career began with his emphasis on emotion, according to Gondry himself in an interview for The Film That Changed My Life by journalist Robert K. Elder. Much of his inspiration, he says, came from the film Le voyage en ballon.
When I watch this movie, I dream I’m flying and then I do stories where people are flying. I think it’s directly influencing.
His career as a filmmaker began with creating music videos for the French rock band Oui Oui, in which he also served as a drummer. The style of his videos for Oui Oui caught the attention of music artist Björk, who asked him to direct the video for her song "Human Behaviour". The collaboration proved long-lasting, with Gondry directing a total of seven music videos for Björk. Other artists who have collaborated with Gondry on more than one occasion include Daft Punk, The White Stripes, The Chemical Brothers, The Vines, Steriogram, Radiohead, and Beck. Gondry has also created numerous television commercials. He pioneered the "bullet time" technique later adapted in The Matrix,^{[citation needed]} in a 1998 commercial for Smirnoff vodka, as well as directing a trio of inventive holiday-themed advertisements for clothing retailer Gap, Incorporated.

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Michel Hazanavicius
Michel Hazanavicius (French pronunciation: [mi.ʃɛl a.za.na.vi.sjys]; born 29 March 1967) is a French film director, producer and screenwriter best known for his 2011 film, The Artist, which won the Academy Award for Best Picture at the 84th Academy Awards. It also won him the Academy Award for Best Director. He also directed spy movie parodies OSS 117: Cairo, Nest of Spies and OSS 117: Lost in Rio.
Michel Hazanavicius was born into a Jewish family from Lithuania; his grandparents settled in France in the 1920s. Before directing films, Hazanavicius worked in television, beginning with the Canal+ channel, where he started as a director in 1988. He began directing commercials for companies such as Reebok and Bouygues Telecom, and then, in 1993, he made his first feature-length film, La Classe américaine, for television. The film, co-directed with Dominique Mézerette, consisted entirely of footage taken from various films produced by the Warner Bros. studio, re-edited and dubbed into French. In 1997, Hazanavicius directed his first short film, Echec au capital, and followed it up with his first theatrically released feature, Mes amis, which starred his brother, actor Serge Hazanavicius.

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Mike Gray
Mike Gray is a writer, screenwriter, cinematographer, film producer and director.
Gray co-wrote the screenplay for the 1979 nuclear thriller The China Syndrome. Earlier in his career he directed and produced two documentaries on radical politics in Chicago, American Revolution 2 (1969) and The Murder of Fred Hampton (1971). He went on to produce several episodes of Star Trek: The Next Generation, among other TV and film credits. He was also a second unit director on the 1993 film The Fugitive.
Gray is the author or editor of five books: The Warning on the Three Mile Island accident, Angle of Attack, on the Apollo program, Drug Crazy and Busted, on the war on drugs, and The Death Game, on capital punishment.
He lives in Los Angeles with his wife, Carol, a reporter for public radio. His son, Lucas, is a storyboard artist for The Simpsons.

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Mike Leigh
Mike Leigh, OBE (born 20 February 1943) is a British writer and director of film and theatre. He studied theatre at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, and studied further at the Camberwell School of Art and the Central School of Art and Design. He began as a theatre director and playwright in the mid 1960s. In the 1970s and 1980s his career moved between work for the theatre and making films for BBC Television, many of which were characterized by a gritty "kitchen sink realism" style. His well-known films include Life is Sweet (1990), the comedy-drama Career Girls (1997), the Gilbert and Sullivan biopic Topsy Turvy (1999), and the bleak working-class drama All or Nothing (2002). His most notable works are arguably Naked (1993) for which he won the Best Director Award at Cannes, the BAFTA-winning (and Oscar-nominated) Palme d'Or winner Secrets & Lies (1996) and Golden Lion winner Vera Drake (2004).

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Millard Kaufman
Millard Kaufman (March 12, 1917 – March 14, 2009) was an American screenwriter and novelist. His works include the Academy Award-nominated Bad Day at Black Rock (1955). He was also one of the creators of Mr. Magoo.
Kaufman was born and raised in Baltimore, and eventually graduated from Johns Hopkins University after work as a merchant seaman. After that, he moved to New York City, taking a job as copyboy for the New York Daily News. At some point he married Lorraine Paisley.
He enlisted in the Marines in 1942, served on Guadalcanal, landed at Guam with the 1st Marine Brigade (Provisional) where he wrote an article for the Marine Corps Gazette about the battle, then participated in the Okinawa with the 6th Marine Division.
While serving in the Pacific, Kaufman had contracted malaria and dengue fever, and upon his return to the United States felt he could no longer deal with the extremes of the New York City climate. He and his wife moved to California where he took up screenwriting. In 1949, Kaufman wrote the screenplay for the short film Ragtime Bear, which was the first appearance of Mr. Magoo. He followed this up in 1950 with another Mr. Magoo film, Punchy de Leon.

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Milton Sperling
Milton Sperling (July 6, 1912 - August 26, 1988) was an American film producer and screenwriter for 20th Century Fox and Warner Bros. where he had his own independent production unit United States Pictures.
After leaving the City College of New York, Sperling entered the film industry by working at Paramount's Astoria Studios as a shipping clerk. He later became a personal secretary for Darryl F. Zanuck and Hal Wallis at Warner Bros. in 1931. After Zanuck resigned his position as Head of Production of Warner Bros. Studios in 1933 and was offered a position with Twentieth Century Pictures (later merged with Fox Pictures), Sperling became an assistant to Edward Small an independent film producer who released his Reliance Pictures and Edward Small Productions through United Artists. Sperling learned as much about an independent low budget film production unit as he had about high budget major studio films from Zanuck and Wallis at Warner Bros..
Zanuck hired Sperling for his combined 20th Century Fox where Sperling's first screenplay Sing, Baby Sing was released in 1936. Sperling later did more screenwriting credited and uncredited for 20th Century Fox becoming a film producer in 1941 with his first productions being Sun Valley Serenade then I Wake Up Screaming both in 1941.

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Muriel Box
Muriel Box (22 September 1905 - 19 May 1991) was a prolific English screenwriter and director in what at the time was basically a male industry, and is generally considered to be one of the most successful females in the history of British film.
She was born Violette Muriel Baker in Tolworth, Surrey, England in 1905. When her attempts at acting and dancing proved to be unsuccessful, she accepted work as a continuity girl for British International Pictures. In 1935, she met and married journalist Sydney Box, with whom she collaborated on nearly forty plays with mainly female roles for amateur theatre groups. Their production company, Verity Films, first released short propaganda films (including The English Inn in 1941, her first directing effort) during World War II, after which it branched into fiction.
The couple achieved their greatest joint success when they won the 1946 Academy Award for Best Writing, Original Screenplay for The Seventh Veil.
After the war, the Rank Organisation hired her husband to head Gainsborough Pictures, where she was in charge of the scenario department, writing scripts for a number of light comedies, including two for child star Petula Clark, Easy Money and Here Come the Huggetts, both in 1948. She occasionally assisted as a dialogue director, or re-shot scenes during post-production. Her extensive work on The Lost People(1949) earned her a credit as co-director, her first for a full-length feature.

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Murray Schisgal
Murray Schisgal (born November 25, 1926) is an American playwright and screenwriter.
Native New Yorker, the son of Russian-born immigrants, Schisgal won his first recognition for the 1963 off-Broadway double-bill The Typists and The Tiger, which won him the Drama Desk Award. His 1965 Broadway debut, Luv, earned him Tony Award nominations for Best Play and Best Author of a Play. Other credits include Jimmy Shine, 74 Georgia Avenue, and All Over Town, which garnered him a Drama Desk nomination.
Schisgal also penned The Love Song of Barney Kempinski, the first presentation of ABC Stage 67, and with Larry Gelbart co-wrote the screenplay for Tootsie, for which he was nominated for an Oscar, Golden Globe, and BAFTA, and for which he won awards from the Writers Guild of America, New York Film Critics Circle, National Society of Film Critics and the Los Angeles Film Critics Association.

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Myles Connolly
Myles Connolly (1897–1964) was an author and Hollywood screenwriter.
Connolly wrote and published several Roman Catholic parable novels, including Mr. Blue, a novel which was reprinted from its publication in 1928 through the 1980s.
Screenwriting credits include the 1938 Youth Takes a Fling and the 1952 Charles Vidor film Hans Christian Andersen. Conolly co-wrote the 1941 Ann Southern, Lew Ayres film Maisie Was a Lady with Elizabeth Reinhardt. He was nominated for an Academy Award for his 1944 screenplay Music for Millions.

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Nancy Dowd
Nancy Dowd (born 1945) is a screenwriter most famous for her films Slap Shot and Coming Home. Her brother Ned Dowd inspired the story behind Slap Shot based on his experiences playing minor league hockey. She also acted in a minor role in Slap Shot and wrote lyrics for a song used in Ladies and Gentlemen, The Fabulous Stains, another film she wrote.
She often uses pseudonyms such as Ernest or Rob Morton or simply wrote films without being officially credited which can be seen under the subsequent filmography section.

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Nancy Meyers
Nancy Jane Meyers (born December 8, 1949) is an American film director, producer and screenwriter. She is the writer, producer and director of several big-screen successes, including The Parent Trap (1998), Something's Gotta Give (2003), The Holiday (2006), and It's Complicated (2009). Her second film as director, What Women Want (2000), was at one point the most successful film ever directed by a woman, taking in $183 million in the United States.
Meyers was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The younger of two daughters, she was raised in a Jewish household in the Drexel Hill area, a largely Catholic neighborhood. Her father, Irving, worked as an executive at a voting machines manufacturer, while her mother, Patricia (née Lemisch), was a homemaker and volunteer, who was also engaged in the Head Start Program and the Home for the Blind. After reading the Moss Hart biography Act One at the age of twelve, Meyers became interested in theater and started to act in local stage productions. Her interest in screenwriting did not emerge until she saw Mike Nichols' film The Graduate in 1967.

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Nancy Oliver
Nancy Oliver (born February 8, 1955) is an American playwright and screenwriter. Best known for her work on the successful TV series Six Feet Under, Oliver was nominated for an Academy Award for Writing Original Screenplay in 2008 for her debut screenplay, Lars and the Real Girl.
Oliver was born in Syracuse, NY and raised in Framingham, Massachusetts. She began writing at an early age and earned a Bachelor of Arts in English from the University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst. During this time she was involved with the university's theater department as a performer.
While attending Florida State University in Tallahassee, Florida for theatre, Oliver met director and screenwriter Alan Ball in 1976. Together they founded the General Nonsense Theater Company, a satirical ensemble for which the two wrote, staged and starred in subversive comical sketches. She was also a member of Alarm Dog Rep. A playwright whose work includes Office, Dreams Are Funny, Calypso" and "VW as well as several plays for young people, she twice won Florida's Individual Artist Grant for Playwriting. In addition to working previously as a teacher, columnist and newspaper editor, she studied Drama at the Banff Fine Arts Center in Canada and Trinity College, Oxford. She earned a Master of Arts degree in Acting and Directing from Florida State University.

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Nanni Loy
Nanni Loy (born Giovanni Loi; 23 October 1925 – 21 August 1995) was an Italian film, theatre and TV director.
Loy was born in Cagliari, Sardinia: his father was Guglielmo Loy-Donà, a lawyer issue from a distinguished Sardinian-Venetian family, and his mother was the noblewoman Donna Anna Sanjust of the Marquesses of Neoneli. Rosetta Loy, an Italian novelist, is his sister-in-law.
He became famous for introducing in Italy the candid camera with his show Specchio segreto (Secret mirror) in 1965.
His 1962 film The Four Days of Naples was nominated for two Academy Awards.
His 1971 film Detenuto in attesa di giudizio was entered into the 22nd Berlin International Film Festival. The star, Alberto Sordi, won the Silver Bear for Best Actor award.
He specialized in comedy films such as Padre di famiglia but he also shot film dealing with social themes (Detenuto in attesa di giudizio and Sistemo l'America e torno).
Loy died at Fregene, near Rome, in 1995.

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Nathan E. Douglas
Nedrick Young (March 23, 1914 – September 16, 1968) was a screenwriter often blacklisted during the 1950s and 1960s. He is credited with writing the screenplay for Jailhouse Rock in 1957, which starred Elvis Presley.
Young was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In addition to screenwriting, he also took on an acting role in various feature-length films during the period 1943-1966.
Young died from a heart attack at the age of 54.

The Defiant Ones was nominated for, and received, an Academy Award for the "best screenplay written directly for the screen" in 1958. For the same film, Young and co-writer Harold Jacob Smith won a 1959 Edgar Award for Best Motion Picture Screenplay, from the Mystery Writers of America. Inherit the Wind was also nominated for, but did not win, an Academy Award in 1960.

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Nedrick Young
Nedrick Young (March 23, 1914 – September 16, 1968) was a screenwriter often blacklisted during the 1950s and 1960s. He is credited with writing the screenplay for Jailhouse Rock in 1957, which starred Elvis Presley.
Young was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In addition to screenwriting, he also took on an acting role in various feature-length films during the period 1943-1966.
Young died from a heart attack at the age of 54.

The Defiant Ones was nominated for, and received, an Academy Award for the "best screenplay written directly for the screen" in 1958. For the same film, Young and co-writer Harold Jacob Smith won a 1959 Edgar Award for Best Motion Picture Screenplay, from the Mystery Writers of America. Inherit the Wind was also nominated for, but did not win, an Academy Award in 1960.

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Neil Jordan
Neil Patrick Jordan (born 25 February 1950) is an Irish filmmaker and novelist. He won an Academy Award (Best Original Screenplay) for The Crying Game. He also won the Silver Bear for Best Director at the Berlin International Film Festival for The Butcher Boy.
Jordan was born in County Sligo, the son of Angela (née O'Brien), a painter, and Michael Jordan, a professor. He was educated at St. Paul's College, Raheny. Of his religious background, Jordan said in a 1999 Salon interview: "I was brought up a Catholic and was quite religious at one stage in my life, when I was young. But it left me with no scars whatever; it just sort of vanished." He said about his current beliefs that "God is the greatest imaginary being of all time. Along with Einstein's General Theory of Relativity, the invention of God is probably the greatest creation of human thought." Later, Jordan attended University College Dublin, where he studied Irish history and English literature.
When John Boorman was filming Excalibur in Ireland, he recruited Jordan as a script consultant, which led to his doing second unit work. His first feature Angel, a tale of a musician caught up in the Troubles, starred Stephen Rea who has subsequently appeared in almost all of Jordan's films to date.

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Neil Simon
Neil Simon (born July 4, 1927) is an American playwright and screenwriter. He has written numerous Broadway plays, including Brighton Beach Memoirs, Biloxi Blues, and The Odd Couple. He won the 1991 Pulitzer Prize for Drama for his play Lost In Yonkers. He has written the screenplays for several of his plays that were made into movies. He also has written the books for several musicals, including Sweet Charity.
Neil Simon was born on July 4, 1927 in The Bronx, New York City to Irving Simon, a garment salesman, and his wife Mamie. He was their second son and grew up in Washington Heights, Manhattan during the Great Depression. His father often abandoned the family, causing financial and emotional difficulties. He attended DeWitt Clinton High School and graduated at the age of sixteen.
He attended New York Universitybriefly from 1944 to 1945, where he was enlisted in the Army Air Force Reserve training program. He was assigned to Lowry Air Force Base during 1945 and attended the University of Denver from 1945 to 1946. He was a sports editor for the military magazine Rev-Meter.

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Nick Enright
Nick Enright (22 December 1950 - 30 March 2003) was an Australian playwright.
He was drama captain of St Ignatius' College, Riverview in 1964, where, like Gerard Windsor and Justin Fleming, he was taught by Melvyn Morrow. At that school, he won the 1sts Debating Premiership in both 1966 and 1967.
During 1971 and 1972 Enright was a member of Sydney's Genesian Theatre, performing in A Doll's House and Uncle Vanya, and directing London Assurance. Enright received a pass BA from Sydney University in 1972, having decided not to proceed to an honours degree as might have been expected of one so formidably intelligent. He worked as a gofer for Sydney's Nimrod Theatre before being appointed a trainee director at the Melbourne Theatre Company. He won an Australia Council Fellowship to study directing at New York University, graduating in 1977. On his return to Australia, he joined the State Theatre Company of South Australia as actor and director, later becoming Associate Director. He was Head of Acting at the National Institute of Dramatic Art (NIDA) during the 1980s.

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Nicola Badalucco
Nicola Badalucco (born 13 May 1929) is an Italian screenwriter. He has written for 38 films since 1969. He was nominated for an Academy Award at the 42nd Academy Awards in the category Original Screenplay for the film The Damned.
He was born in Milan, Italy.

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Noah Baumbach
Noah Baumbach (born September 3, 1969) is an American writer, director and independent filmmaker.
Baumbach was born in Brooklyn, New York City, the son of novelist/film critic Jonathan Baumbach and Village Voice critic Georgia Brown. He graduated from Brooklyn's Midwood High School in 1987 and received his BA in English from Vassar College in 1991. Noah is the third out of four siblings. His father is Jewish and his mother is Protestant.
Baumbach made his writing and directing debut at the age of 26 with Kicking and Screaming (1995), a comedy about four young men who graduate from college and refuse to move on with their lives. The film starred Josh Hamilton, Chris Eigeman, and Carlos Jacott and premiered in 1995 at the New York Film Festival. Baumbach was chosen as one of Newsweek's "Ten New Faces of 1996".
In 1997 he wrote and directed Mr. Jealousy, a film about a young writer so jealous about his girlfriend that he sneaks into the group therapy sessions of her ex-boyfriend to discover what kind of relationship they had. He then co-wrote (under the name Jesse Carter) and directed (under the name Ernie Fusco) the New York-set comedy of manners Highball. He co-wrote The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou (2004) with Wes Anderson.

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Nora Ephron
Nora Ephron (born May 19, 1941) is an American female filmmaker, director, producer, screenwriter, novelist, playwright, journalist, author, and blogger.
She is best known for her romantic comedies and is a triple nominee for the Academy Award for Writing Original Screenplay for three films: Silkwood, When Harry Met Sally... and Sleepless in Seattle. She sometimes writes with her sister Delia Ephron. Her most recent film is Julie & Julia. She has also co-authored the Drama Desk Award-winning theatrical production, Love, Loss, and What I Wore.
Ephron was born in New York City, eldest of four daughters in a Jewish family, and at age four moved to and grew up in Beverly Hills; her parents, Henry and Phoebe Ephron, were both East Coast-born and raised screenwriters. Her sisters Delia and Amy are also screenwriters. Her sister Hallie Ephron is a journalist, book reviewer, and novelist who writes crime fiction. Ephron's parents based Sandra Dee's character in the play and the Jimmy Stewart film Take Her, She's Mine on their 22-year-old daughter Nora and her letters to them from college. Both became alcoholics during their declining years. Ephron graduated from Beverly Hills High School in Beverly Hills, California, in 1958. It was during her junior year there, that she became interested in Journalism. She then majored in political science and wrote for the weekly newspaper at Wellesley College in Wellesley, Massachusetts, from which she graduated in 1962.

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Norman Krasna
Norman Krasna (November 7, 1909 – November 1, 1984) was an American screenwriter, playwright, and film director. He is best known for penning screwball comedies, melodrama, and early films noir. Krasna also directed three films during a forty-year career in Hollywood. He garnered four Academy Award screenwriting nominations, winning once for 1943's Princess O'Rourke, a film he also directed. Later in his career, he also wrote plays, including Time for Elizabeth (1948) cowritten with Groucho Marx, and the popular Kind Sir which he adapted into the movie Indiscreet (1958). He married Al Jolson's widow Erle in 1951, and they remained married until Krasna's death.

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Norman Wexler
Norman Wexler (6 August 1926–23 August 1999) was a screenwriter whose work included such films as Saturday Night Fever, Serpico and Joe, for which he received an Oscar nomination in 1971. A Detroit native and 1944 Central High School graduate, Wexler attended Harvard University before moving to New York in 1951.
Wexler penned the screenplays for several hit films, most notably Joe, Serpico, Mandingo and Saturday Night Fever. He received Oscar nominations for both Joe and Serpico.
He wrote Saturday Night Fever, which generated earnings in excess of $1.2B in today's dollars when both movie and record album sales are counted, more than double U.S. sales of top box office hit Titanic — which had a huge budget and costly special effects.
According to Bob Zmuda, Saturday Night Fever made Wexler a wealthy man. He was a much sought-after script doctor, reworking the scripts for Lipstick and The Fan.
Wexler was a sometime playwright. His play The Rope was produced at Cafe La MaMa (NY) in 1965.
He was reported to have suffered from severe mental illness, reportedly bipolar disorder, and was arrested in 1972 for threatening to shoot President Richard Nixon.

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Noël Coward
Sir Noël Peirce Coward (16 December 1899 – 26 March 1973) was an English playwright, composer, director, actor and singer, known for his wit, flamboyance, and what Time magazine called "a sense of personal style, a combination of cheek and chic, pose and poise".
Born in Teddington, a suburb of London, Coward attended a dance academy in London as a child, making his professional stage début at the age of eleven. As a teenager he was introduced into the high society in which most of his plays would be set. Coward achieved enduring success as a playwright, publishing more than 50 plays from his teens onwards. Many of his works, such as Hay Fever, Private Lives, Design for Living, Present Laughter and Blithe Spirit, have remained in the regular theatre repertoire. He composed hundreds of songs, in addition to well over a dozen musical theatre works (including the operetta Bitter Sweet and comic revues), poetry, several volumes of short stories, the novel Pomp and Circumstance, and a three-volume autobiography. Coward's stage and film acting and directing career spanned six decades, during which he starred in many of his own works.

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Oren Moverman
Oren Moverman (born July 4, 1966) is an Israeli filmmaker, screenwriter, and former journalist based in New York City.
Moverman was the screenwriter and associate producer of Jesus' Son, a 2000 Lion’s Gate/Alliance Release. Directed by Alison Maclean, the film stars Billy Crudup, Samantha Morton, Jack Black, Holly Hunter & Dennis Hopper.
Moverman served as screenwriter of Face, starring Bai Ling, Treach and Kristy Wu. Directed by Bertha Bay-Sa Pan, Face premiered in competition at the 2002 Sundance Film Festival.
Moverman also collaborated with Ira Sachs on Married Life, a Sony Pictures Classics release, starring Rachel McAdams, Chris Cooper, Pierce Brosnan and Patricia Clarkson.
He co-wrote Todd Haynes' Bob Dylan biopic I'm Not There, starring Cate Blanchett, Christian Bale, Heath Ledger, Richard Gere, Michelle Williams, Julianne Moore and Charlotte Gainsbourg.
The Messenger, Moverman’s first film as a director, co-written with Alessandro Camon and starring Ben Foster, Woody Harrelson and Samantha Morton, premiered at the 2009 Sundance Film Festival. It had its international premiere at the 2009 Berlin International Film Festival where it was awarded the Silver Bear for best screenplay and the Peace Award. It was also nominated for a Golden Globe and two Oscars, including a Best Original Screenplay nomination for Moverman and Camon.

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Orson Welles
George Orson Welles (May 6, 1915 – October 10, 1985) was an American actor, director, writer and producer who worked extensively in theater, radio and film. He is best remembered for his innovative work in all three media, most notably Caesar (1937), a groundbreaking Broadway adaption of Julius Caesar and the debut of the Mercury Theatre; The War of the Worlds (1938), the most famous broadcast in the history of radio; and Citizen Kane (1941), which many critics and scholars name as the best film of all time.
After directing a number of high-profile theatrical productions in his early twenties, including an innovative adaptation of Macbeth and The Cradle Will Rock, Welles found national and international fame as the director and narrator of a 1938 radio adaptation of H. G. Wells' novel The War of the Worlds performed for the radio drama anthology series Mercury Theatre on the Air. It was reported to have caused widespread panic when listeners thought that an invasion by extraterrestrial beings was occurring. Although these reports of panic were mostly false and overstated, they rocketed Welles to instant notoriety.

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Oscar Brodney
Oscar Brodney (February 18, 1907 - February 12, 2008) was an American lawyer-turned-screenwriter. He was born and raised in Boston, Massachusetts, the son of an immigrant fisherman. One of seven children, a younger brother was the painter Edward Brodney.
Entering the film industry in 1935, Brodney worked on various projects, including Abbott and Costello's Mexican Hayride and the adapted screenplay for Harvey. The playwright Lawrence Riley and two other screenwriters adapted one of Brodney's story for the screen under the title You're a Lucky Fellow, Mr. Smith (Universal, 1943). He was nominated for an Oscar for The Glenn Miller Story screenplay which he wrote with Valentine Davies in 1954. In the late 1950s he began to produce movies, his first one being When Hell Broke Loose in 1958, where he was co-producer. The movie starred Charles Bronson.
Brodney died in 2008, six days before his 101st birthday.

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Owen Wilson
Owen Cunningham Wilson (born November 18, 1968) is an American actor, screenwriter, and producer known for his roles in the films The Haunting, The Royal Tenenbaums,Zoolander, Starsky & Hutch, Meet the Parents, Wedding Crashers, You, Me and Dupree, Bottle Rocket, the Cars series, Marmaduke, The Darjeeling Limited, Marley & Me, Midnight in Paris, Shanghai Noon, Behind Enemy Lines, and Drillbit Taylor.
Wilson was born in Dallas, to photographer Laura Cunningham Wilson and Robert Andrew Wilson, an advertising executive and operator of a public television station. He has an older brother, Andrew, and a younger brother, Luke. Both brothers were also involved in filmmaking. His family, originally from Massachusetts, is Irish American and Catholic. Wilson attended the University of Texas at Austin, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in English.
Wilson debuted as an actor in the role of "Dignan" in the Wes Anderson film Bottle Rocket, which he co-wrote with Anderson. He also worked with Anderson as a creative collaborator on his next two directorial efforts, Rushmore and The Royal Tenenbaums, for which they were nominated for an Oscar for Best Original Screenplay.

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Paddy Chayefsky
Sidney Aaron "Paddy" Chayefsky (January 29, 1923 – August 1, 1981), was an American playwright, screenwriter and novelist. He is the one of only two people to have won three solo Academy Awards for Best Screenplay (the other being Woody Allen). The other three time winners, Francis Ford Coppola , Charles Brackett and Billy Wilder , have all shared their awards with co-writers.
He was considered one of the most renowned dramatists of the so-called Golden Age of Television. His intimate, realistic scripts provided a naturalistic style of television drama for the 1950s, and he was regarded as the central figure in the "kitchen sink realism" movement of American television. Martin Gottfried wrote, "He was a successful writer, the most successful graduate of television's slice of life school of naturalism."
Following his critically acclaimed teleplays, Chayefsky continued to succeed as a playwright and novelist. As a screenwriter, he received three Academy Awards for Marty (1955), The Hospital (1971) and Network (1976). The movie Marty was based on his own television drama about a relationship between two lonely people finding love. Network was his scathing satire of the television industry and The Hospital was considered satiric. Film historian David Thomson termed it "daring, uninhibited, and prophetic. No one else would have dreamed of doing it."

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Pamela Wallace
Pamela Wallace (born 1949 in Exeter, California) is an American screenwriter and author. She won an Academy Award for co-writing the screenplay for the movie Witness. Wallace has also written 25 romance novels, under her own name and the pseudonyms Pamela Simpson and Dianne King.
Pamela Wallace co-wrote her first screenplay in the early 1980s. It was rejected multiple times but was finally purchased by producer Edward S. Feldman. The resulting film, Witness, was released in 1985 and starred Harrison Ford and Kelly McGillis. Wallace received the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay in 1986 for her work on Witness. The script also won awards from the Mystery Writers of America and the Writers Guild of America. The Writers Guild later named Witness to their list of the Top 101 Greatest Scripts.
In the late 1980s, Wallace collaborated with fellow screenwriter Madeline DiMaggio on a screenplay they called If The Shoe Fits. This was made into a low-budget movie that barely resembled their script. Wallace was given the opportunity to remove her name from the movie credits, but she chose to keep the credit for her resume despite her dislike of the movie.

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Paul Haggis
Paul Edward Haggis (born March 10, 1953) is a Canadian screenwriter, producer, and director. He spent his early career producing and directing various American and Canadian television network series.
Haggis was born on March 10, 1953, in London, Ontario, the son of Mary Yvonne (née Metcalf) and Edward H. Haggis. He was raised as a Catholic, but considered himself an atheist until joining the Church of Scientology. The Gallery Theatre in London, Ontario, was owned by his parents, and Haggis gained experience in the field through work at the theatre. He attended St. Thomas More Elementary School, and after being inspired by Alfred Hitchcock and Jean-Luc Godard, proceeded to study art at H. B. Beal Secondary School. After viewing Michelangelo Antonioni's 1966 film Blowup, he traveled to England with the intent of becoming a fashion photographer. Haggis later went back to Canada to pursue studies in cinematography at Fanshawe College. In 1975, Haggis moved to Los Angeles, California, to begin a career in writing in the entertainment industry.

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Paul Henning
Paul William Henning (September 16, 1911 – March 25, 2005) was an American producer and writer. Most famous for the successful TV sitcom The Beverly Hillbillies, he was crucial in the development of several "rural" comedies for CBS.
He was born and grew up on a farm in Independence, Missouri. While working in a drugstore as a teenager, he met future President Harry S. Truman, who advised him to become a lawyer. Although he did attend the Kansas City School of Law, his ambition was to be a singer on the radio. When the local radio station KMBZ (KMBC at the time) had no money for writers to create the "filler" between songs, he became a writer as well as a singer.
Writing proved the more lucrative of the two and he abandoned singing, eventually writing for such series as Fibber McGee & Molly and the The Burns & Allen Show, and later such television series as The Dennis Day Show, The Real McCoys, and The Andy Griffith Show. Henning was also the creator, writer and producer of The Bob Cummings Show, where he first met many of the actors who were subsequently to appear in his later series. Another series produced by Henning was The Ray Bolger Show. He also wrote or co-wrote such feature films as Lover Come Back (1961), for which he was nominated for an Oscar for Best Writing (Original Screenplay) but lost to William Inge and also wrote for Bedtime Story (1964).

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Paul Hogan
Paul Hogan, AM (born 8 October 1939) is an Australian actor best known for his role as Michael "Crocodile" Dundee from the Crocodile Dundee film series, for which he won a Golden Globe award.
Hogan was born in Lightning Ridge, New South Wales. He grew up in the Sydney suburb of Granville and attended Parramatta Marist High School. Hogan went on to become a rigger working on the Sydney Harbour Bridge before rising to fame in the early 1970s after an interview on A Current Affair. Hogan followed this with his own comedy sketch program The Paul Hogan Show, which he produced, wrote, and in which he played characters with John Cornell. The series, which ran for 60 episodes between 1973 and 1984, was popular both in his native country and in the UK, and showcased his trademark lighthearted but laddish ocker humour. The early series was on Channel Seven and by 1975, it was screened on Channel Nine where it remained until 1984.
In the 1970s, he advertised Winfield cigarettes in television, print and billboard advertisements in which he wore a formal dinner suit. These ads always ended with the catchphrase "Anyhow, have a Winfield". During the early 1980s, Hogan filmed a series of television ads promoting the Australian tourism industry, which aired in the United States. An advertisement featuring the phrase "shrimp on the barbie" which aired from 1984, was particularly successful.

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Paul Mazursky
Paul Mazursky (born April 25, 1930) is an American film director, screenwriter and actor.
He was born Irwin Mazursky in Brooklyn, New York, the son of Jean (née Gerson), a piano player for dance classes, and David Mazursky, a laborer. Mazursky was born to a Jewish family; his grandfather was an immigrant from Ukraine. He graduated from Brooklyn College in 1951. Mazursky is an atheist.
Mazursky made his film debut as an actor in Stanley Kubrick's first feature, Fear and Desire, in which he changed his first name to Paul, and later appeared as a juvenile delinquent in the 1955 film The Blackboard Jungle. He soon became a writer and worked on The Danny Kaye Show in 1963. In 1965, he collaborated with Larry Tucker in crafting the script of the original pilot of The Monkees television series, in which they both also appeared in cameos.
His acting career has continued for several decades, starting with television work in episodes of The Twilight Zone and The Rifleman. He has played supporting roles in A Star Is Born (1976), History of the World Part I (1981), Into the Night (1985), Punchline (1988), Man Trouble (1992), Carlito's Way (1993), Love Affair (1994), 2 Days in the Valley (1996), Miami Rhapsody (1995), and Crazy in Alabama (1999). He also performed the voice of the Psychologist in Antz (1998).

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Paul Thomas Anderson
Paul Thomas Anderson (born June 26, 1970), is an American film director, screenwriter, and producer. He has written and directed feature films: Hard Eight (1996), Boogie Nights (1997), Magnolia (1999), Punch-Drunk Love (2002), There Will Be Blood (2007), and The Master (2012). He has been nominated for five Academy Awards — There Will Be Blood for Best Achievement in Directing, Best Motion Picture of the Year, and Best Adapted Screenplay; Magnolia for Best Original Screenplay; and Boogie Nights for Best Original Screenplay.
Anderson has been hailed as being "one of the most exciting talents to come along in years" and "among the supreme talents of today." After the release of Boogie Nights and Magnolia, Anderson was praised as a wunderkind. In 2004, Anderson was ranked twenty-first on The Guardian's list of the forty best directors. In 2007, Total Film named him the twentieth greatest director of all time, while the American Film Institute regards him as "one of American film's modern masters." In 2011, Entertainment Weekly named him the tenth-greatest working director calling him "one of the most dynamic directors to emerge in the last twenty years."

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Pedro Almodóvar
Pedro Almodóvar Caballero (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpeðɾo almoˈðoβar kaβaˈʎeɾo]; born 25 September 1949) is a Spanish film director, screenwriter and producer.
Almodóvar is arguably the most successful and internationally known Spanish filmmaker of his generation. His films, marked by complex narratives, employ the codes of melodrama and use elements of pop culture, popular songs, irreverent humor, strong colors and glossy décor. Desire, passion, family and identity are among Almodóvar’s most prevalent themes. His films enjoy a worldwide following and he has become a major figure on the stage of world cinema.
He founded Spanish film production company El Deseo S.A. with his younger brother Agustín Almodóvar who has produced almost all of Pedro’s films. He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2001.
Pedro Almodóvar Caballero was born in Calzada de Calatrava, Spain, a rural small town of Ciudad Real, a province of Castile-La Mancha in the administrative district of Almagro. La Mancha is the windswept region of flat lands made famous by Don Quijote. He was born as one of four children (two boys, two girls) in a large and impoverished family of peasant stock. His father, Antonio Almodóvar, who could barely read or write, worked most of his life hauling barrels of wine by mule. Almodóvar's mother, Francisca Caballero, turned her son into a part time teacher of literacy in the village and also a letter reader and transcriber for the neighbors. When Pedro was eight years old, the family sent him to study at a religious boarding school in the city of Cáceres, Extremadura, in the west of the country, with the hope that he might someday become a priest. His family eventually joined him in Cáceres, where his father opened a gas station and his mother opened a bodega where she sold her own wine.

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Penelope Gilliatt
Penelope Gilliatt (née Penelope Ann Douglass Conner; 25 March 1932 – 9 May 1993) was an English novelist, short story writer, screenwriter, and film critic.
She was born in London. Her father, Cyril Conner, was originally a barrister, while her mother was Marie Stephanie Douglass. Both came from Newcastle upon Tyne. Penelope Gilliatt herself was brought up in Northumberland, where her father was director of the BBC in the North East from 1938-41, and she retained a lifelong love of the Roman Wall country. John Osborne, for a time her husband, once said in answer to her phone-call, that he was giving his all "for the burghers of Geordieland, your compatriots."
Gilliatt wrote several novels, including One by One (1965) and A State of Change (1967). Her short stories were collected in Nobody's Business (1972).
As a film critic, Gilliatt wrote numerous reviews for The Observer before she began a column that ran for years in The New Yorker, in which she alternated for six month intervals with Pauline Kael as that publication's chief film critic. Gilliatt's column ran from late spring - early fall, and Kael's for the remainder of the year.

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Pete Docter
Peter Hans "Pete" Docter (born October 9, 1968) is an American film director, animator, screenwriter, producer and voice actor from Bloomington, Minnesota. He is best known for directing the films Monsters, Inc. and Up, and as a key figure and collaborator in Pixar Animation Studios. The A. V. Club has called him "almost universally successful". He has been nominated for six Oscars (one win thus far for Up -- Best Animated Feature), three Annie Awards (winning two), a BAFTA Children's Film Award (which he won), and a Hochi Film Award (which he won). He has described himself as a "geeky kid from Minnesota who likes to draw cartoons."
He is currently directing an upcoming animated feature, set for release on June 19, 2015, and described as "...an inventive new film that explores a world that everyone knows, but no one has seen: inside the human mind."
Docter was born in Bloomington, Minnesota, growing up introverted and socially isolated, preferring to work alone and having to remind himself to connect with others. He often played in the creek beside his house, pretending to be Indiana Jones and acting out scenes. A junior-high classmate later described him as "this kid who was really tall, but who was kind of awkward, maybe getting picked on by the school bullies because his voice change at puberty was very rough".

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Peter Jackson
Sir Peter Robert Jackson, KNZM (born 31 October 1961) is a New Zealand film director, producer, actor, and screenwriter, who is well known for his The Lord of the Rings film trilogy (2001 to 2003), adapted from the novel by J. R. R. Tolkien.
He won international attention early in his career with his "splatstick" horror comedies beginning with Bad Taste (1987) before coming to mainstream prominence with Heavenly Creatures (1994), for which he shared an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay nomination with his wife, Fran Walsh. Jackson has been awarded three Academy Awards in his career, including the award for Best Director in 2003; he also won the BAFTA, Golden Globe and Saturn Award for Best Direction the same year.
His films also include Meet the Feebles (1989), Braindead (1992), Forgotten Silver (1995), The Frighteners (1996), King Kong (2005),The Lovely Bones (2009), and the upcoming The Lord of the Rings prequels The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey (2012) and The Hobbit: There and Back Again (2013). He is also the producer of District 9 (2009) and The Adventures of Tintin (2011).

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Peter Morgan
Peter Morgan (born 10 April 1963) is an English film writer and playwright best known for writing the films and plays The Deal, The Queen, Frost/Nixon, and The Special Relationship.
Morgan was born in London, the son of refugees; his mother, Inga (née Bojcek), was a Catholic Pole who fled the Soviets, and his father, Arthur Morgenthau, was a German Jew who fled the Nazis, arriving in London in 1933. His father, a businessman, died when Morgan was aged 9. Morgan attended boarding school at Downside School, Somerset, and gained a degree in Fine Art from the University of Leeds.
Morgan wrote television scripts throughout the 1990s, including an episode of Rik Mayall Presents... and the Comedy Premiere The Chest. He wrote the screenplay to the romantic comedy Martha, Meet Frank, Daniel and Laurence (1998) and had some success with the TV series The Jury (2002). He broke through with The Deal, a 2003 television drama about the power-sharing deal between Tony Blair and Gordon Brown that was struck in the Granita restaurant in London. He received his Academy Award-nomination for The Deal's follow-up, The Queen (2006) that showed how the death of Princess Diana impacted Blair and the Royal Family. His work on the film awarded him a Golden Globe from the Hollywood Foreign Press, and Helen Mirren won numerous awards for playing the title role.

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Peter Stone
Peter Hess Stone (February 27, 1930 – April 26, 2003) was an American writer for theater, television and movies.
Stone was born in Los Angeles. His mother, Hilda (née Hess), was a film writer, and his father, John Stone (born Saul Strumwasser) was the writer and producer of many silent films, including Shirley Temple and Charlie Chan movies. He graduated from University High School, attended Bard College starting in 1947, and received a Master's degree from Yale University in 1953. In 1964, Stone won an Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America for his screenplay for Charade.
Stone is among that rarefied group of writers who have conquered stage, screen, and television by winning an Oscar, a Tony, and an Emmy. In 1965, he won an Oscar for his work as a screenwriter on Father Goose. He won Tony Awards for his books for the Broadway musicals Titanic, Woman of the Year and 1776. He won an Emmy for a 1962 episode of The Defenders.
Shortly after Stone's death, in a memorial ceremony held June 30, 2003, at the Richard Rodgers Theatre, it was observed that the two most famous ships of all time were Noah's Ark and the Titanic, and that Stone had written Broadway musicals about both of them (Noah's Ark being the topic of Two by Two).

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Peter Weir
Peter Lindsay Weir, AM (born 21 August 1944) is an Australian film director. After playing a leading role in the Australian New Wave cinema with his films such as Picnic at Hanging Rock, The Last Wave and Gallipoli, Weir directed a diverse group of American and international films—many of them major box office hits—including the Academy Award nominees Witness, Dead Poets Society, Green Card, The Truman Show and Master and Commander.
Weir was born in Sydney, the son of Peggy (née Barnsley) and Lindsay Weir, a real estate agent. Weir attended The Scots College and Vaucluse Boys' High School before studying art and law at the University of Sydney. His interest in film was sparked by his meeting with fellow students, including Phillip Noyce and the future members of the Sydney filmmaking collective Ubu Films.
After leaving university in the mid-1960s he joined Sydney television station ATN-7, where he worked as a production assistant on the groundbreaking satirical comedy program The Mavis Bramston Show. During this period, using station facilities, he made his first two experimental short films, Count Vim's Last Exercise and The Life and Flight of Reverend Buckshotte.

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Philip Yordan
Philip Yordan (April 1, 1914 - March 24, 2003) was an American screenwriter of the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s who also produced several films. He was also known as a highly regarded script doctor. Born to Polish immigrants, he earned a bachelor's degree at the University of Illinois and a law degree at Chicago-Kent College of Law.
Some of his films include The Chase (1946), Whistle Stop (1946), House of Strangers (1949), Houdini (1953), Broken Lance (1954), Johnny Guitar (1954), The Big Combo (1955), The Harder They Fall (1956), The Bravados (1958) and God's Little Acre (1958, official credit, but actually written by Ben Maddow). He worked several times in collaboration with independent producer Samuel Bronston and contributed to the screenplays of such films as King of Kings (1961), El Cid (1961), 55 Days at Peking (1963), The Fall of the Roman Empire (1964) and Circus World (1964).

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Philippe de Broca
Philippe de Broca (15 March 1933 – 26 November 2004) was a French film director.
Born Philippe Claude Alex de Broca de Ferrussac in Paris, the son of a photographer of noble origins. de Broca was a cinephile from an early age, and he studied at the l'École technique de photographie et de cinématographie (ETPC). To carry out his national service, de Broca went to Algeria during the Algerian War where he worked in the French army's film section for three years and saw a side of life which he disliked and wished to view in a different, more eccentric, light. de Broca began his career working as a camera man on several African documentaries, and later as an assistant to some of the most prominent directors of the French nouvelle vague (New Wave) movement in the 50s. He served an apprenticeship with Henri Decoin, became assistant to Claude Chabrol on Le Beau Serge (Handsome Serge) in 1957, and later assisted François Truffaut with Les quatre-cent coups (The 400 Blows).
He made his first film in 1959, a low-budget improvisational comedy Les Jeux de l'amour. At the 10th Berlin International Film Festival it won the Silver Bear Extraordinary Jury Prize. de Broca did not have a real success, however, until directing Cartouche (film) (1962). Cartouche was the first of a series of major box office hits by de Broca, including L'Homme de Rio (1964) and Les Tribulations d'un chinois en Chine (1965). He often worked in comedy, but not exclusively. He was well known for his combination of madcap farce and adventure, within France and beyond. His anti-war film Le Roi de cœur achieved international popularity (after suffering at the box office in France), and gained cult status in America. de Broca's most recent hit was Le Bossu (1997).

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Pierre Bismuth
Pierre Bismuth (b. 1963 in Neuilly-sur-Seine) is a contemporary artist. Through efficient and often humorous gestures, Bismuth interrupts pre-established codes of reading the images and objects that pervade daily life, from headline stories in newspapers to magazine clippings from gentlemen's magazines, to even the color of the walls. In his series From Red to Nothing and From Green to Something Else, Bismuth reproduces a painted wall in each exhibition, subtly altering the color by the addition of a small amount of white or colored paint to the original color. Another series Something less, Something More (2002–2006) consists of thin partitions out of which Bismuth removes circles until as little material as possible remained, while the circles removed from the partitions accumulate on the floor. Replaced by the Same (2003), Bismuth plays on the idea of substituting one thing by its double: for each photograph in this series, elements taken from duplicates are glued on exactly the same place as they were on the originals.

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Pierre Uytterhoeven
Pierre Uytterhoeven is a screenwriter. He won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay in 1966 for his work with Claude Lelouch in A Man and a Woman. In 1986 he worked with Lelouch again on the film's sequel, A Man and a Woman: 20 Years Later.

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Pietro Germi
Pietro Germi (14 September 1914, Genoa - 5 December 1974) was an Italian actor, screenwriter, and director. Germi was born in Genoa, Liguria, to a lower-middle class family. He was a messenger and briefly attended nautical school before deciding on a career in acting.
He studied acting and directing at Rome's Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia. During his time in school, Germi supported himself by working as an extra, bit actor, assistant director, and, on occasion, writer. Germi made his directorial debut in 1945 with the film Il testimone. His early work, this film included, were very much in the Italian Neorealist style; many were social dramas that dealt with contemporary issues pertaining to people of Sicilian heritage.
Through the years, Germi shifted away from social drama towards satirical comedies, but retained his loved element of the Sicilian people. In the 1960s, Germi received worldwide success with the films Divorce, Italian Style, Seduced and Abandoned, and The Birds, the Bees and the Italians. He was nominated for Academy Awards in both directing and writing for Divorce, Italian Style, and, subsequently, won in the writing category. He also won the Grand Prize at the Cannes Film Festival for The Birds, the Bees.

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Preston Sturges
Preston Sturges (29 August 1898 – 6 August 1959), originally Edmund Preston Biden, was a celebrated playwright, screenwriter and film director born in Chicago, Illinois. In 1941 he won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for the film The Great McGinty.
Sturges took the screwball comedy format of the 1930s to another level, writing dialogue that, heard today, is often surprisingly naturalistic, mature, and ahead of its time, despite the farcical situations.
In recent years, film scholars such as Alessandro Pirolini have also argued that Sturges' cinema anticipated more experimental narratives by contemporary directors such as Joel and Ethan Coen, Robert Zemeckis, and Woody Allen, along with prolific The Simpsons writer John Swartzwelder: "Many of [Sturges'] movies and screenplays reveal a restless and impatient attempt to escape codified rules and narrative schemata, and to push the mechanisms and conventions of their genre to the extent of unveiling them to the spectator. See for example the disruption of standardized timelines in films such as The Power and the Glory and The Great McGinty or the way an apparently classical comedy such as Unfaithfully Yours (1948) shifts into the realm of multiple and hypothetical narratives.

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Quentin Tarantino
Quentin Jerome Tarantino (pronunciation: /ˌtærənˈtiːnoʊ/; born March 27, 1963) is an American film director, screenwriter, producer, cinematographer and actor. He has received many industry awards, including an Academy Award, a Golden Globe Award, a BAFTA and the Palme d'Or and had been nominated for an Emmy and Grammy.
Born in Knoxville, Tennessee, Tarantino was an avid film fan. His career began in the late 1980's, when he wrote and directed My Best Friend's Birthday. Its screenplay would form the basis for True Romance. In the early 1990s, he began his career as an independent filmmaker with films employing nonlinear storylines and the aestheticization of violence. His films include Reservoir Dogs (1992), Pulp Fiction (1994), Jackie Brown (1997), Kill Bill (2003, 2004), Death Proof (2007), and Inglourious Basterds (2009).
His movies are generally characterized by stylistic influences from grindhouse, kung fu, and spaghetti western films. Tarantino also frequently collaborates with his friend and fellow filmmaker Robert Rodriguez.

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Quinn K. Redeker
Quinn K. Redeker (born May 2, 1936) is an American actor and screenwriter, who is well known for his work on soap operas.
Redeker has been a screenwriter for over 30 years, with the most notable work to his name being the story writer for the 1978 film The Deer Hunter. Throughout 1960, Redeker was cast as a photographer on the short-lived NBC crime drama Dan Raven starring the former child actor Skip Homeier. The following year, he appeared as nerdy Schulyer Davis in the film The Three Stooges Meet Hercules.
On television, he started acting in 1960 and amassed appearances on over five dozen television series. He's most well known for his roles as Alex Marshall on Days of our Lives, who he played from 1979 to 1987, and on The Young and the Restless where he played Nick Reed in 1979 and Joseph Taylor from 1979-1980 before his most well known character of Rex Sterling, from 1987 to 1994.
As a writer, Redeker was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay and a WGA Award for "Best Drama Written Directly for the Screen" for The Deer Hunter, along with Deric Washburn, Louis Garfinkle and Michael Cimino.

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Randall Wallace
Randall Wallace (born July 28, 1949) is an American screenwriter, director, producer, and songwriter who came to prominence by writing the screenplay for the 1995 film Braveheart. His work on the film earned him an Oscar nomination for Best Original Screenplay and a Writers Guild of America award for Best Screenplay Adapted Directly for the Screen. He directed The Man in the Iron Mask, We Were Soldiers, and Secretariat.
Born in Jackson, Tennessee, Wallace began writing stories at the age of seven. Wallace graduated from E.C. Glass High School in Lynchburg, Virginia. He attended Duke University, where he studied Russian, religion, and literature and was a member of Lambda Chi Alpha fraternity. He put himself through a graduate year of seminary by teaching martial arts. Wallace holds a black belt in karate.
After managing an animal show at Nashville’s Opryland, Wallace moved to Hollywood to pursue a career in singing and songwriting. He began writing short stories, novels and scripts for movies. Wallace was taken under the wing of leading television producer Stephen J. Cannell and spent several years writing for television in the late 1980s and early 1990s.

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Raymond Chandler
Raymond Thornton Chandler (July 23, 1888 – March 26, 1959) was an American novelist and screenwriter.
In 1932, at age forty-four, Raymond Chandler decided to become a detective fiction writer after losing his job as an oil company executive during the Depression. His first short story, "Blackmailers Don't Shoot", was published in 1933 in Black Mask, a popular pulp magazine. His first novel, The Big Sleep, was published in 1939. In addition to his short stories, Chandler published just seven full novels during his lifetime (though an eighth in progress at his death was completed by Robert B. Parker). All but "Playback" have been realized into motion pictures, some several times. In the year before he died, he was elected president of the Mystery Writers of America. He died on March 26, 1959, in La Jolla, California.
Chandler had an immense stylistic influence on American popular literature, and is considered by many to be a founder, along with Dashiell Hammett, James M. Cain and other Black Mask writers, of the hard-boiled school of detective fiction. His creation, (protagonist), Philip Marlowe, along with Hammett's Sam Spade, is considered by some to be synonymous with "private detective," both having been played on screen by Humphrey Bogart, whom many considered to be the quintessential Marlowe.

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Richard Breen
Richard L. Breen (June 26, 1918 – February 1, 1967) was a Hollywood screenwriter and director. He began as a freelance radio writer. After a stint in the US Navy during World War II, he began writing for films and worked alone and in collaboration with such distinguished writers as Billy Wilder and Charles Brackett.
He won an Oscar for his work on the screenplay to Titanic (1953), and was nominated for A Foreign Affair (1948) and Captain Newman, M.D. (1963).
In 1957, he directed one film Stopover Tokyo, and then returned to screenwriting. He was president of the Screenwriters' Guild from 1952 to 1953.
He was also credited as "Richard Breen" and "Robert Breen".

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Richard Connell
Richard Edward Connell Jr. (October 17, 1893 – November 22, 1949) was an American author and journalist probably best remembered for his short story "The Most Dangerous Game." Connell was one of the most popular American short story writers of his time, and his stories appeared in the Saturday Evening Post and Collier's Weekly. He had equal success as a journalist and screenwriter and was nominated for an Academy Award in 1942 for best original story for the film Meet John Doe.
Richard Connell was born in Poughkeepsie, New York, the son of Richard Edward Connell Sr. (1857–1912) and Marrie Miller Connell. He had an older sister and two younger sisters. His father was a reporter and editor of the local newspaper. Connell Sr. subsequently began a political career when he took the position of police commissioner in Poughkeepsie. In 1896, he was unsuccessful in a bid for the 55th United States Congress and failed again in 1898 and 1900 when he ran for the State assembly. He did become a delegate to the Democratic National Convention, serving in 1900 and 1904. Eventually, Richard’s father won an election to the 62nd United States Congress on March 4, 1911, serving until his death on October 30, 1912. Earlier that year, he had been nominated as the Democratic candidate for reelection to the Sixty-third Congress.

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Richard Curtis
Richard Whalley Anthony Curtis, CBE (born 8 November 1956) is a New Zealand-born British screenwriter, music producer, actor and film director, known primarily for romantic comedy films such as Four Weddings and a Funeral, Bridget Jones's Diary, Notting Hill, Love Actually and The Girl in the Café, as well as the hit sitcoms Blackadder, Mr. Bean and The Vicar of Dibley. He is also the founder of the British charity Comic Relief.
Curtis was born in Wellington, New Zealand, the son of Glyness S. and Anthony J. Curtis, who was an executive at Unilever. Curtis and his family lived in several different countries during his childhood, including Sweden and the Philippines. Part of the family still lives in Sydney. Curtis has lived in England since he was 11. He began school at Papplewick School, Ascot (as did his younger brother Jamie). For a short period in the 1970s Curtis lived in Warrington, where he attended Appleton Grammar School, before he won a scholarship to the prestigious Harrow School in London. He achieved a first-class degree in English Language and Literature at Christ Church, Oxford, and it was at Oxford that he met, and began working with, Rowan Atkinson.

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Richard L. Breen
Richard L. Breen (June 26, 1918 – February 1, 1967) was a Hollywood screenwriter and director. He began as a freelance radio writer. After a stint in the US Navy during World War II, he began writing for films and worked alone and in collaboration with such distinguished writers as Billy Wilder and Charles Brackett.
He won an Oscar for his work on the screenplay to Titanic (1953), and was nominated for A Foreign Affair (1948) and Captain Newman, M.D. (1963).
In 1957, he directed one film Stopover Tokyo, and then returned to screenwriting. He was president of the Screenwriters' Guild from 1952 to 1953.
He was also credited as "Richard Breen" and "Robert Breen".

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Richard LaGravenese
Richard LaGravenese is an American screenwriter and occasional film director. He is best known as the writer of The Fisher King.
LaGravenese was born in Brooklyn, New York, the son of a taxi driver. He graduated New York University Tisch School of the Arts, Experimental Theatre Program.
LaGravenese wrote The Fisher King on spec in the late 1980s. It was acquired by Lynda Obst and Debra Hill's production company and subsequently directed by Terry Gilliam.
All credits are as screenwriter only, unless otherwise specified:
LaGravenese was announced to script a biography of Liberace^{[citation needed]}. Showtime is developing an hour-long drama from LaGravenese focused on an open marriage.
LaGravenese's screenplay for The Fisher King garnered an Academy Award nomination.
In 2002, LaGravenese was the recipient of the Austin Film Festival's Distinguished Screenwriter Award.^{[citation needed]}

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Richard Schweizer
Richard Schweizer (December 23, 1899 - March 30, 1965) was a Swiss screenwriter who won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay in 1945 for his work in Marie-Louise, as well as the Academy Award for Best Story in 1948 for his work in The Search. Schweizer also directed the film Kleine Scheidegg (1937).
Director
Screenwriter

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Ring Lardner, Jr.
Ringgold Wilmer "Ring" Lardner, Jr. (August 19, 1915 – October 31, 2000) was an American journalist and screenwriter blacklisted by the Hollywood movie studios during the Red Scare of the late 1940s and 1950s.
Born in Chicago, he was the son of Ellis (Abbott) and journalist and humorist, Ring Lardner. After being educated at Phillips Academy, Andover, and Princeton University he became a reporter on the New York Daily Mirror. Lardner joined the US Communist Party in 1936.
Ring Lardner Jr. moved to Hollywood where he worked as a publicist and "script doctor" before writing his own material. This included Woman of the Year, a film that won him an Academy Award for Writing Original Screenplay in 1942. He also worked on the scripts for the films Laura (1944), Brotherhood of Man (1946), Forever Amber (1947), and M*A*S*H (1970). The script of the latter earned him an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, but Lardner would later distance himself from the film due to the fact that director Robert Altman changed the script so much.

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Robert Ardrey
Robert Ardrey (b. October 16, 1908, Chicago, Illinois—d. January 14, 1980, South Africa) was an American playwright and screenwriter who returned to his academic training in anthropology and the behavioral sciences in the 1950s.
African Genesis (1961) and The Territorial Imperative, two of Robert Ardrey's most widely read works, as well as Desmond Morris' The Naked Ape (1967), were key elements in the public discourse of the 1960s which challenged earlier anthropological assumptions. Ardrey's ideas notably influenced Arthur C. Clarke and Stanley Kubrick in the development of 2001: A Space Odyssey, as well as Sam Peckinpah, to whom Strother Martin gave copies of two of Ardrey's books.
As a science writer for the informed non-specialist reader in paleoanthropology, which encompasses anthropology, ethology, paleontology and human evolution, Robert Ardrey was among the proponents of the hunting hypothesis and the killer ape theory.
Ardrey postulated that precursors of Australopithecus survived millions of years of drought in the Miocene and Pliocene epochs, as the savannah spread and the forests shrank, by adapting the hunting ways of carnivorous species. Changes in survival techniques and social organisation gradually differentiated pre-humans from other primates. Concomitant changes in diet potentiated unique developments in the human brain.

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Robert Benton
Robert Douglas Benton (born September 29, 1932) is an American screenwriter and film director.
Benton was born in Waxahachie, Texas, the son of Dorothy (née Spaulding) and Ellery Douglass Benton, a telephone company employee. He attended the University of Texas and Columbia University. Benton has won numerous awards for both writing and directing in film. In 1959, he co-wrote the book "The IN and OUT Book" with Harvey Schmidt, published by The Viking Press. He was the art director at Esquire magazine in the early 1960s. In 2006 he appeared in the documentary Wanderlust.
Benton's family originally came from Northumberland in the United Kingdom, where the Bentons held a seat long before the Norman Conquest of 1066.^{[citation needed]} Many family members settled in America, including Abigail and Isabel Benton, who settled in Virginia in 1642; George Benton, who settled in Barbados in 1669; and Robert Benton, who settled in Virginia in 1635. Benton was once a noble family, but they were deprived of their title by the Normans after the Conquest. Robert Benton still has relatives living in England who trace their origins to the seventeenth century.

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Robert C. Jones
Robert C. Jones (born March 30, 1936), sometimes credited as Robert Jones, is a screenwriter and film editor. He received an Academy Award for the screenplay of the film Coming Home (1978). As an editor, Jones has had notable collaborations with the directors Arthur Hiller (seven films from 1967 to 1992) and Hal Ashby (4 films from 1973 to 1982). Jones has been nominated three times for the Academy Award for Film Editing (Its a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963), Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967), and Bound for Glory (1976)).
Jones served at the Army Pictorial Center from 1958-1960 as a Specialist 4.
Jones is currently a professor at the School of Cinematic Arts of the University of Southern California (USC).
Jones is married to Sylvia Hirsch, a psychology professor. He is the son of film editor Harmon Jones, and the father of film editor Leslie Jones; all three editors have been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Film Editing.
The director for each film is indicated in parenthesis.

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Robert Getchell
Robert Getchell (born 1936) is an American screenwriter. He is probably best known for writing Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore and creating the Sitcom Alice.

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Robert Moresco
Robert "Bobby" Moresco is a Hollywood screenwriter. His credits include the films 10th & Wolf and Crash. His "Crash" script won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay, which he shared with co-writer Paul Haggis. Moresco also was a co-producer of Crash and has acted in three films. He has written scripts for the television series EZ Streets, Millennium and The Black Donnellys.

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Robert Pirosh
Robert Pirosh (April 1, 1910 - December 25, 1989) was an American screenwriter and director.
Pirosh was born in Baltimore, Maryland and graduated from the Baltimore City College high school in 1928. His preparation for a career in Hollywood included study at the Sorbonne in France and the University of Berlin in Germany.
Pirosh began his film career in 1934 as a junior writer for MGM, working with fellow newcomer George Seaton. The two collaborated on the Marx Brothers' 1935 comedy A Night at the Opera and their next film, A Day at the Races in 1937. He and Delmer Daves adapted Ayn Rand's Night of January 16th for a 1941 film of the same name directed by William Clemens. In 1942 he collaborated on the screwball comedy Rings on Her Fingers for Henry Fonda and Gene Tierney.
Pirosh served in World War II as a Master Sergeant with the 320th Regiment, 35th Infantry Division. He saw action in the Ardennes and Rhineland campaigns. During the Battle of the Ardennes, he led a patrol into Bastogne to support the surrounded American forces there. In 1944 he produced his first film, Danny Kaye's Up in Arms.

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Robert Rodat
Robert Rodat (born Keene, New Hampshire, 1953) is an American screenwriter, who earned his bachelor's degree from Colgate University. Best known for Saving Private Ryan (1998), Rodat also wrote The Comrades of Summer (1992), Tall Tale (1995), Fly Away Home with Vince McKewin (1996), and The Patriot (2000). He recently worked on the revision of the script for the 2008 film 10,000 BC. He is currently working on a screenplay for Warcraft and Thor 2.

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Robert Towne
Robert Towne (born Robert Bertram Schwartz; November 23, 1934) is an American screenwriter and director. His most notable work may be his Academy Award-winning original screenplay for Roman Polanski's Chinatown (1974).
Towne is the author of many notable film scripts, including Chinatown (1974), for which he received an Academy Award, plus its sequel, The Two Jakes (1990), and Oscar-nominated screenplays The Last Detail and Shampoo as well as the first two Mission Impossible films. Towne has also a "stellar reputation" in the motion-picture industry as an uncredited script doctor, who has worked in such a capacity for The Godfather, Bonnie and Clyde, The Parallax View, The Rock and dozens of other Hollywood films.
After working for years on a script of Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes (1984) he grew dissatisfied with the production and credited his dog, P.H. Vazak, with the script. Vazak became the first dog nominated for an Oscar for screenwriting, but he did not fetch the award. Towne co-wrote the film 8 Million Ways to Die using the alias David Lee Henry.

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Robert Zemeckis
Robert Lee Zemeckis (born May 14, 1951) is a Lithuanian American film director, producer and screenwriter. Zemeckis first came to public attention in the 1980s as the director of the comedic time-travel Back to the Future film series, as well as the Academy Award-winning live-action/animation epic Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988), though in the 1990s he diversified into more dramatic fare, including 1994's Forrest Gump, for which he won an Academy Award for Best Director.
His films are characterized by an interest in state-of-the-art special effects, including the early use of match moving in Back to the Future Part II (1989) and the pioneering performance capture techniques seen in The Polar Express (2004), Beowulf (2007) and A Christmas Carol (2009). Though Zemeckis has often been pigeonholed as a director interested only in effects, his work has been defended by several critics, including David Thomson, who wrote that "No other contemporary director has used special effects to more dramatic and narrative purpose."

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Roberto Benigni
Roberto Remigio Benigni, Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI (Italian pronunciation: [roˈbɛrto beˈniɲi]; born 27 October 1952) is an Academy Award winning Italian actor, comedian, screenwriter and director of film, theatre and television.
Benigni was born in Manciano La Misericordia (a frazione of Castiglion Fiorentino), Italy, the son of Isolina Papini, a fabric inspector, and Remigio Benigni, a bricklayer, carpenter, and farmer. He was raised Catholic and served as an altar boy. His first experiences as a theatre actor took place in 1971, in Prato. During that autumn he moved to Rome where he took part in some experimental theatre shows, some of which he also directed. In 1975, Benigni had his first theatrical success with Cioni Mario di Gaspare fu Giulia, written by Giuseppe Bertolucci.
Benigni became famous in Italy in the 1970s for a shocking TV series called Onda Libera, on RAI2, by Renzo Arbore, in which he interpreted the satirical piece "anthem of the nimble body" (L'inno del corpo sciolto, a hymn to defecation).^{[citation needed]} A great scandal for the time, the series was suspended due to censorship. His first film was 1977's Berlinguer ti voglio bene, also by Bertolucci.

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Roberto Rossellini
Roberto Gastone Zeffiro Rossellini (8 May 1906 – 3 June 1977) was an Italian film director and screenwriter. Rossellini was one of the directors of the Italian neorealist cinema, contributing films such as Roma città aperta (Rome, Open City 1945) to the movement.
Rossellini was born in Rome. His mother, Elettra (née Bellan), was a housewife, and his father, Angiolo Giuseppe "Beppino" Rossellini, owned a construction firm. His mother was of part French descent, from immigrants who had arrived in Italy during the Napoleonic Wars. He lived on the Via Ludovisi, where Benito Mussolini had his first Roman hotel in 1922 when Fascism obtained power in Italy.
Rossellini's father built the first cinema in Rome, granting his son an unlimited free pass; the young Rossellini started frequenting the cinema at an early age. When his father died, he worked as a soundmaker for films and for a certain time he experienced all the accessory jobs related to the creation of a film, gaining competence in each field. Rossellini had a brother, Renzo, who later scored many of his films.

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Ron Nyswaner
Ronald L. Nyswaner (born October 5, 1956 in Clarksville, Pennsylvania) is an American screenwriter and film director.
Nyswaner wrote his first screenplay for the Susan Seidelman film Smithereens. After two other notable screenplays for Swing Shift and Mrs. Soffel, he gave his directorial debut with The Prince of Pennsylvania in 1988, a film with Keanu Reeves and Fred Ward.
Nyswaner, who is openly gay and an activist for gay rights, has often worked on movies with the subjects homosexuality, homophobia, and AIDS. Examples are the documentary Celluloid Closet and the television drama Soldier's Girl, about the homicide of Private Barry Winchell. In 1993 he came to worldwide prominence for his screenplay to the Academy Award winning movie Philadelphia, directed by Jonathan Demme. It earned him nominations for the Academy Award, the Golden Globe and the BAFTA.
After several years of working for television he wrote the screenplay for the 2006 film The Painted Veil which is based on the novel by W. Somerset Maugham. He received a nomination for the Independent Spirit Award and won the award of the National Board of Review in 2006.

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Ron Shelton
Ron Shelton (September 15, 1945 in Whittier, California) is a U.S. film director and screenwriter, most notable for making movies about sports.
Shelton is an alumnus of Santa Barbara High School and of the University of Arizona and Westmont College. He is the oldest of four brothers, and grew up in Montecito, California.
Before beginning his movie career, Shelton was a minor league baseball player in the Baltimore Orioles' organization from 1967 to 1971.
He is married to Canadian-born actress Lolita Davidovich, who has appeared in three of Shelton's films and with whom he has two children. The couple reside in Los Angeles and Ojai, California.

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Ronald Bass
Ronald Jay Bass (born March 26, 1942), sometimes credited as Ron Bass, is an American screenwriter. Also a film producer, Bass's work is characterized as being highly in demand, and he is thought to be among the most highly paid writers in Hollywood. He is often called the "King of the Pitches".^{[citation needed]} In 1988, he received the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for Rain Man, and films that Bass is associated with are regularly nominated for multiple motion picture awards.
Bass was born in Los Angeles, California. From the age of 3 to 11, Bass was afflicted with an undiagnosed condition that kept him bedridden. His symptoms included respiratory problems and stomach pains with high fevers and nausea. It was during this illness, at age six, that Bass is said to have started writing.
During his teens, Bass began work on a novel, which he entitled Voleur. He completed this work at age 17 and showed it to his English teacher. He took her critique of his first completed project quite hard. She described the writing as very good, but she felt that it was too personal to be published. Bass's response was to later burn his manuscript. Later in life, Bass recalled "it was like the voice of God telling me I didn't have what it takes to be a writer, and I should find something practical to do with my life".^{[citation needed]} Bass would revisit his teenage writings later in life.

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Russell Rouse
Russell Rouse (November 20, 1913 – October 2, 1987) was an American screenwriter, director, and producer who is noted for the "offbeat creativity and originality" of his screenplays and for film noir movies and television episodes produced in the 1950s.
Rouse was the son of film pioneer Edwin Russell; his great uncle was the 1920s actor William Russell. He was educated at UCLA. His first employment in films was in the prop department at Paramount Studios, where he began writing screenplays. His play, Yokel Boy, was filmed in 1942 and became his first film writing credit.
Rouse has 18 credits as a screenwriter between 1942 and 1988.. Commencing with his third writing credit, The Town Went Wild (1944), Rouse co-wrote many stories and scripts with Clarence Greene. The partners are noted for their work on a series of six film noir movies commencing with D.O.A (directed by Rudolph Maté-1950). With the second film in the series, The Well (1951), they also took on directing and producing: Rouse as director, and Greene as producer. This collaboration continued through the noir series (The Thief (1952), Wicked Woman (1953), New York Confidential (1955), and House of Numbers (1957)) and beyond. In the late 1950s Greene and Rouse formed a production company, Greene-Rouse Productions, which created the film noir television series Tightrope that ran for one season (1959-60) as well as two films in the 1960s.

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Ruth Gordon
Ruth Gordon Jones (October 30, 1896 – August 28, 1985), better known as Ruth Gordon, was an American actress and writer. She was perhaps best known for her film roles such as Minnie Castevet, Rosemary's overly solicitous neighbor in Rosemary's Baby, as the eccentric Maude in Harold and Maude and as the mother of Orville Boggs in the Clint Eastwood film Every Which Way but Loose. In addition to her acting career, Gordon wrote numerous well-known plays, film scripts and books. Gordon won an Academy Award, an Emmy and two Golden Globe awards for her acting, as well as three Academy Award nominations for her writing.
Gordon was born at 31 Marion Street in Quincy, Massachusetts. She was the only child of Annie Tapley (née Ziegler) and Clinton Jones, a factory foreman who had been a ship's captain. She was baptized an Episcopalian. Prior to graduating from Quincy High School, she wrote to several of her favorite actresses for an autographed picture. A personal reply she received from Hazel Dawn (whom she had seen in a stage production of The Pink Lady) inspired her to go into acting. Although her father was skeptical of her chances of success in a difficult profession, he took his daughter to New York in 1914, where he enrolled her in the American Academy of Dramatic Arts.

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Sam Peckinpah
David Samuel "Sam" Peckinpah (February 21, 1925 – December 28, 1984) was an American film director and screenwriter who achieved prominence following the release of the Western epic The Wild Bunch (1969). He was known for the innovative and explicit depiction of action and violence, as well as his revisionist approach to the Western genre.
Peckinpah's films generally deal with the conflict between values and ideals, and the corruption of violence in human society. He was given the nickname "Bloody Sam" owing to the violence in his films. His characters are often loners or losers who desire to be honorable, but are forced to compromise in order to survive in a world of nihilism and brutality.
Peckinpah's combative personality, marked by years of alcohol and drug abuse, affected his professional legacy. Many of his films were noted for behind-the-scenes battles with producers and crew members, damaging his reputation and career during his lifetime. Many of his films, such as Straw Dogs (1971), Pat Garrett & Billy the Kid (1973) and Bring Me the Head of Alfredo Garcia (1974), remain controversial.

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Sam Rolfe
Samuel Harris Rolfe (February 18, 1924 – July 10, 1993) was an American screenwriter best known for his work on 1960s television series The Man from U.N.C.L.E. and The Eleventh Hour, both on NBC.
Rolfe was born in New York. He scored an Oscar nomination with his first screenplay, the Anthony Mann Western The Naked Spur in 1953.
Most of Rolfe's subsequent career was spent in television, where he was part of the writing staff on series such as Have Gun - Will Travel and, most famously, The Man from U.N.C.L.E.. When Ian Fleming was unable to continue development of the U.N.C.L.E. concept, producer Norman Felton approached Rolfe, who was at that time working on The Eleventh Hour. Rolfe wrote the pilot for U.N.C.L.E. "The Vulcan Affair", and came up with the U.N.C.L.E. acronym.
Rolfe left the show at the end of its first season. After his departure U.N.C.L.E. changed direction and exchanged tongue-in-cheek humour for more overt gags, culminating in the high-camp third season. Rolfe did not approve of the change in direction and felt the show lost its way after the first season. In an interview given shortly before he death he commented:

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Scott Hicks
Robert Scott Hicks (born 4 March 1953) is a film director from Australia. He is best known as the screenwriter and director of Shine, the Oscar-winning biopic of pianist David Helfgott. Hicks's work has been nominated for an Academy Award as well as winning an Emmy Award.
Hicks was born in Uganda, the son of a homemaker and a civil engineer. He lived in Kenya, just outside Nairobi, until the age of ten. His family then moved, first to England and, when he was 14, on to Adelaide, South Australia. Though British citizens, his father and grandfather were born in Burma and the West Indies respectively, and spent their lives in far-flung locales as civil engineers building railways, bridges and harbours. His mother is Scottish.^{[citation needed]} Scott lives with his wife and collaborator/producer Kerry Heysen in Adelaide, where they maintain their own Yacca Paddock Vineyard on the Fleurieu Peninsula. Their two sons, Scott and Jethro, also live in Adelaide.
Hicks graduated from Flinders University in South Australia (BA Honours) in 1975 and was awarded an honorary doctorate in 1997. He graduated into an industry which was emerging from decades of inactivity, stimulated by renewed government support for the arts. South Australia was at the forefront of this Australian film revival, with established directors Peter Weir and Bruce Beresford coming to Adelaide to make their films. Hicks worked as a crew member on a dozen features over the next few years. At the same time, he was successful in bidding for contracts to write and direct short dramas and sponsored documentaries.

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Scott Silver
Scott Silver is a screenwriter and director.

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Sergio Amidei
Sergio Amidei (30 October 1904 – 14 April 1981) was an Italian screenwriter and an important figure in Italy's neorealist movement.
Amidei was born in Trieste. He worked with famed Italian directors such as Roberto Rossellini and Vittorio De Sica. He was nominated for four Academy Awards: in 1946 for Rome, Open City, in 1947 for Shoeshine, in 1949 for Paisà and in 1961 for Il generale della Rovere.
He died in Rome.

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Shakespeare in Love
Shakespeare in Love is a 1998 British-American romantic comedy-drama film directed by John Madden, written by Marc Norman and playwright Tom Stoppard. The film depicts a love affair involving playwright William Shakespeare (Joseph Fiennes) at the time that he was writing the play Romeo and Juliet. The story is fiction, though several of the characters are based on real people. In addition, many of the characters, lines, and plot devices are references to Shakespeare's plays.
Shakespeare in Love won seven Oscars, including Best Picture, Best Actress (Gwyneth Paltrow) and Best Supporting Actress (Judi Dench).
William Shakespeare (Joseph Fiennes) is a poor playwright for Philip Henslowe (Geoffrey Rush), owner of The Rose Theatre, in 1593 London. After learning that his love was cheating on him with his patron, Shakespeare burns his new comedy, Romeo and Ethel the Pirate's Daughter, rewriting it as the tragedy Romeo and Juliet. Suffering from writer's block, he is unable to complete the play, but begins auditions for Romeo. A young man named Thomas Kent is cast in the role after impressing Shakespeare with his performance and his love of Shakespeare's previous work. Kent is actually Viola de Lesseps (Gwyneth Paltrow), the daughter of a wealthy merchant who desires to act but, since women are banned from the stage, she must disguise herself.

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Sidney Meyers
Sidney Meyers (March 9, 1906 – December 4, 1969) was an American film director and editor.
Sidney Meyers is best known for two documentary films: The Quiet One, which he wrote and directed, and for which he was nominated for an Oscar for Best Original Screenplay; and British Academy of Film and Television Arts winner The Savage Eye, which he co-directed, co-produced and co-scripted with Joseph Strick and Ben Maddow.
Sidney Meyers was born in New York City on March 9, 1906 and grew up in East Harlem, then a teeming immigrant neighborhood. He was the eldest child of Abraham and Ida (née Rudock) Meyers, who had immigrated from Poland to the United States at the turn of the century. Abraham, a paper-hanger and activist in the Painters and Paper-hangers Union, District Council 9, of the AFL, supported the family as best he could. It was noticed early on that Sidney loved music; a Jewish charitable women's organization arranged for him to have the use of a violin and to receive music lessons when he was a young school-child.

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Sidney Sheldon
Sidney Sheldon (February 11, 1917 – January 30, 2007) was an Academy Award-winning American writer. His TV works spanned a 20-year period during which he created The Patty Duke Show (1963–66), I Dream of Jeannie (1965–70) and Hart to Hart (1979–84), but he became most famous after he turned 50 and began writing best-selling novels such as Master of the Game (1982), The Other Side of Midnight (1973) and Rage of Angels (1980). He is the sixth best selling writer of all time.
Sheldon was born Sidney Schechtel in Chicago, Illinois. His parents, of Russian Jewish ancestry, were Ascher "Otto" Schechtel (1894–1967), manager of a jewelry store, and Natalie Marcus. At 10, Sidney made his first sale, $5 for a poem. During the Depression, he worked at a variety of jobs, and after graduating from Denver East High School, he attended Northwestern University and contributed short plays to drama groups. He is the author of 18 novels (which have sold over 300 million copies), over 200 television scripts, 25 major motion pictures and 6 Broadway plays.

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Sofia Coppola
Sofia Carmina Coppola (

/ˈkoʊpələ/ KOH-pə-lə; born May 14, 1971) is an American screenwriter, film director, producer and actress. In 2003, she received the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for Lost in Translation, and became the third woman (and first American woman) to be nominated for an Academy Award for Directing. In 2010, with Somewhere, she became the first American woman (and fourth American filmmaker) to win the Golden Lion, the top prize at the Venice Film Festival.
Coppola was born in New York City, New York, the youngest child and only daughter of set decorator/artist Eleanor Coppola (née Neil) and director Francis Ford Coppola (The Godfather and Apocalypse Now), granddaughter of the composer Carmine Coppola, sister of Roman Coppola and Gian-Carlo Coppola, niece of her father's siblings August Coppola and Talia Shire, and a cousin of Nicolas Cage, Jason Schwartzman and Robert Carmine. When she was just 14 years old, her brother Gian-Carlo was killed in a boating accident. She attended high school at St. Helena High School and graduated class of 1990. She later went to Mills College and the California Institute of the Arts, and interned with Chanel when she was fifteen years old. After dropping out, Coppola started a clothing line called Milkfed that is now sold exclusively in Japan.

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Sonya Levien
Sonya Levien (December 25, 1888 – March 19, 1960) was a Russian screenwriter. She wrote for 72 films between 1921 and 1962. She won the Academy Award for Writing Original Screenplay in 1955 for the film Interrupted Melody.
She was born in Russia and died in Hollywood, California.

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Spike Lee
Shelton Jackson "Spike" Lee (born March 20, 1957) is an American film director, producer, writer, and actor. His production company, 40 Acres & A Mule Filmworks, has produced over 35 films since 1983.
Lee's movies have examined race relations, the role of media in contemporary life, urban crime and poverty, and other political issues. Lee has won numerous awards, including an Emmy Award. He has also received two Academy Award nominations.
Spike Lee was born in Atlanta, Georgia, the son of Jacqueline Carroll (née Shelton), a teacher of arts and black literature, and William James Edward Lee III, a jazz musician and composer. Lee moved with his family to Brooklyn, New York when he was a small child. (The Fort Greene neighborhood is home to Lee's production company, 40 Acres & A Mule Filmworks, and other Lee-owned or related businesses.) As a child, his mother nicknamed him "Spike." In Brooklyn, he attended John Dewey High School. Lee enrolled in Morehouse College where he made his first student film, Last Hustle in Brooklyn. He took film courses at Clark Atlanta University and graduated with a B.A. in Mass Communication from Morehouse College. He then enrolled in New York University's Tisch School of the Arts, where he earned a Master of Fine Arts in Film & Television.

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Stanley Kubrick
Stanley Kubrick (/ˈkuːbrɪk/; July 26, 1928 – March 7, 1999) was an American film director, screenwriter, producer, cinematographer and editor. He is regarded as having been one of America's greatest filmmakers. His films, typically adaptations of novels or short stories, were noted for their "dazzling" and unique cinematography, attention to details to achieve realism and an inspired use of music scores. Kubrick's films covered a variety of genres, including war, black comedy, horror and science fiction. Kubrick was also noted for being a perfectionist, using painstaking care with scene staging and working closely with his actors.
Starting out as a photographer in New York City, he taught himself all aspects of film production and directing after graduating high school. His earliest films were made on a shoestring budget, followed by one Hollywood blockbuster, after which he spent most of the rest of his career living and filming in England. His home became his workplace where he did his writing, research, editing and management of production details. This allowed him to have almost complete artistic control, but with the rare advantage of having financial support from major Hollywood studios.

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Stanley Shapiro
Stanley Shapiro (July 16, 1925 - July 21, 1990) was an American screenwriter and producer responsible for three of Doris Day's most successful films.
Born in Brooklyn, New York, Shapiro earned his first screen credit for South Sea Woman in 1953. His work for Day earned him Oscar nominations for Lover Come Back and That Touch of Mink and a win for Pillow Talk, and Mink won him the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Written American Comedy.
He produced the first season of Ray Bolger's ABC sitcom, Where's Raymond?, and was replaced in the second season by Paul Henning, as the series was renamed The Ray Bolger Show.
Additional writing credits include Operation Petticoat, Come September, Bedtime Story, Me, Natalie, For Pete's Sake, Dirty Rotten Scoundrels, and Carbon Copy.
Shapiro's last project was the television movie Running Against Time, based on his novel A Time to Remember. Broadcast four months after his death from leukemia in Los Angeles, it was dedicated to his memory.

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Stephen Gaghan
Stephen Gaghan (born May 6, 1965) is an American screenwriter and director. He is noted for writing the screenplay for Steven Soderbergh's film Traffic, based on a Channel 4 series, for which he won the Academy Award, as well as Syriana which he wrote and directed.
Born in Louisville, Kentucky, the son of the former Elizabeth Jane Whorton and her first husband, Stephen Gaghan (d. 1980), and a stepson of Tom Haag, Gaghan attended Kentucky Country Day School, a college preparatory school in Louisville. He was an All-State soccer player where he held the assist record at the school for nearly three decades. He is a grandson of Jerry Gaghan, a newspaper columnist and drama critic for Variety and the Philadelphia Daily News, whose career inspired Gaghan's own professional pursuits. As he wrote in a 2001 article in Newsweek, "I also wanted to be a writer, like my grandfather, who carried a card in his wallet that read, "If you find me, call my son [my father] at this number..."

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Steve Shagan
Steve Shagan (born October 25, 1927) is an American novelist, screenplay writer, television and film producer.
Stephen H. Shagan was born in Brooklyn, New York to Rachel (née Rosenzweig) and Barnard H. "Barney" Shagan.
Barney ran a pharmacy, Shagan's Pharmacy, at 49 Atlantic Avenue, Brooklyn with his brother, Samuel D. Shagan. After Barney's death the pharmacy went bankrupt and Samuel had to liquidate the assets at public auction in 1949.
Steve Shagan dropped out of high school and joined the United States Coast Guard when World War II broke out. While in the Coast Guard he started writing to pass the time.
Shagan came to Hollywood in 1958 with his wife, Elizabeth Florance "Betty" Ricker, whom he had married on 18 November 1956 in New York. At first he did odd jobs, like as a stagehand at a little theater and pulling cables at MGM Studios in the middle of the night. Eventually he started working on scripts and then produced the Tarzan television show on location in Mexico. Betty talked him into to quitting and just concentrate on writing.

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Steve Tesich
Stojan Steve Tesich (Serbian: Стојан Стив Тешић, Stojan Stiv Tešić; September 29, 1942 – July 1, 1996) was a Serbian-American screenwriter, playwright and novelist. He won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay in 1979 for the movie Breaking Away.
Steve Tesich was born as Stojan Tešić (Serbian: Стојан Тешић, pronounced Tesh-ich) in Užice, Yugoslavia (now Serbia) on September 29, 1942, but immigrated to the USA in 1957 with his family when he was 14 years old. His father died in 1962.
His family settled in East Chicago, Indiana. Tesich graduated from Indiana University in 1965 with a BA in Russian, where he was a member of Phi Kappa Psi Fraternity. He went on to do graduate work at Columbia University, receiving an MA in Russian Literature in 1967. He also wrote his first plays while at Columbia University. After graduation, he worked as a Department of Welfare caseworker in Brooklyn, New York in 1968.
He had been an alternate rider in 1962 for the Phi Kappa Psi team in the Little 500 bicycle race. His teammate was Dave Blase, who rode 139 of 200 laps and was the victory rider crossing the finish line for his team. They subsequently developed a friendship. Dave Blase was the model for the main character in Tesich's award-winning screenplay Breaking Away in 1979.

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Steven Knight
Steven Knight (born 1959) is a British screenwriter. Knight has written scripts for numerous British television programmes such as the British version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?, BBC's Commercial Breakdown, The Detectives and others. However, he is best known for screenplays he wrote for films Dirty Pretty Things and Eastern Promises. His work on the screenplay for Dirty Pretty Things earned him the Edgar Award for Best Motion Picture Screenplay and London Film Critics Circle award for British Screenwriter of the Year. The screenplay was also nominated for several other awards including the Academy Award for Writing Original Screenplay and the BAFTA Award for Best Original Screenplay.
Knight wrote a draft of a screenplay based on the book Shutter Island written by Dennis Lehane, but the draft that was used for the movie of the same name was written by Laeta Kalogridis.

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Steven Soderbergh
Steven Andrew Soderbergh (/ˈsoʊdərbɜrɡ/; born January 14, 1963) is an American film producer, screenwriter, cinematographer, editor, and an Academy Award-winning film director. He is best known for directing critically acclaimed commercial Hollywood films like Out of Sight, Erin Brockovich and Traffic, and the remake of Ocean's Eleven. He has also directed smaller, less conventional works, such as Sex, Lies, and Videotape, Schizopolis, Bubble, The Girlfriend Experience and Che. His most recent works are Contagion and Haywire.
Soderbergh was born in Atlanta, the son of Mary Ann (née Bernard) and Peter Andrew Soderbergh, who was a university administrator and educator. His paternal grandfather was a Swedish immigrant, from Stockholm. When he was a child, his family moved from Atlanta to Charlottesville, Virginia, where he lived during his adolescence, then moved to Baton Rouge, Louisiana, where his father became Dean of Education at Louisiana State University (LSU). There he discovered filmmaking as a teenager, directing short Super 8 mm films with equipment borrowed from LSU students.

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Steven Zaillian
Steven Ernest Bernard Zaillian (born January 30, 1953) is an American screenwriter, director, editor, producer, and founder of Film Rites, a film production company. He won an Academy Award for his screenplay for Schindler's List and he has been nominated for Awakenings, Gangs of New York and Moneyball. The Times called him "the most artful and subtle screenwriter Hollywood has had since Robert Towne."^{[citation needed]}
Zaillian was born in Fresno, California, the son of Jim Zaillian, a radio news reporter. He attended Sonoma State University, graduated from San Francisco State University and lives in Los Angeles. He is of Armenian descent.

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Susannah Grant
Susannah Grant (born January 4, 1963) is an award-winning American screenwriter and director. She wrote the screenplays for Ever After, Erin Brockovich, directed by Steven Soderbergh, 28 Days and Disney's Pocahontas. For Erin Brockovich she received an Oscar nomination in 2001. After her nomination Grant adapted In Her Shoes and Charlotte's Web for the screen, as well as wrote and directed Catch and Release, starring Jennifer Garner. She is also an Amherst College alumna, having graduated in 1984. She later was accepted to the American Film Institute, and received the Nicholl Fellowship in screenwriting.
Grant was featured in The Dialogue.

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Suso Cecchi d'Amico
Suso Cecchi d'Amico (21 July 1914, Rome – 31 July 2010, Rome) was an Italian screenwriter and actress. She won the 1980 David di Donatello Award for lifetime career. She worked with virtually all of the most celebrated post-war Italian film directors, and wrote or co-wrote many award winning films—among them:
Cecchi d'Amico wrote the lyrics for Nino Rota's opera I due timidi and collaborated on the script of William Wyler's Roman Holiday. She was a member of the jury at the 1982 Cannes Film Festival. She was awarded the Golden Lion for lifetime achievement at the 1994 Venice film festival.
Suso Cecchi d'Amico was born as Giovanna Cecchi and was the daughter of writer Emilio Cecchi. In 1938, she married the musicologist Fedele D'Amico (nickname: Lele), son of theatre critic Silvio D'Amico. They had three children who have themselves made significant contributions to Italian culture: Masolino, Silvia, and Catherine. Suso Cecchi d'Amico died in Rome at the age of 96.

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Suzanne de Passe
Suzanne de Passe (born July 19, 1948) is an American television, music and film producer as well as the Co-Chairman of de Passe Jones Entertainment Group.
Suzanne began her career at Motown as Creative Assistant to company founder, Berry Gordy. Blessed with a keen eye for talent, early in her career de Passe helped bring the Jackson 5 to his attention during their time with Motown. She was instrumental in taking the legendary record label to television with a host of critically acclaimed and highly rated specials, including the multiple award winning Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever produced while she was President of Motown Productions.
When Motown was sold, she partnered with her mentor in Gordy/de Passe Productions and subsequently established de Passe Entertainment in 1992. Ms. de Passe’s long association with Mr. Gordy was recently featured in the December 2008 issue of Vanity Fair: Motown the Untold Story, The Labels Greatest Legens, In Their Own Words with photography by Annie Liebovitz.

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Suzanne Schiffman
Suzanne Schiffman (née Klochendler, 27 September 1929 – 6 June 2001) was a screenwriter and director for numerous motion pictures. She often worked with François Truffaut. The 'script girl' Joelle, played by Nathalie Baye in Truffaut's Day for Night was based on Schiffman. It accurately portrayed the close collaboration she had with Truffaut and other directors.
Her Jewish mother was detained by the Gestapo during the war, but Klochendler and her sibling were hidden by an order of nuns. Schiffman studied art history at the Sorbonne after the war.
During her career she worked closely with Jean-Luc Godard and Jacques Rivette in addition to Truffaut, latterly on the scripts of his films. She was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for the film Day for Night and won a César Award for writing The Last Metro with Truffaut.
Suzanne Schiffman died of cancer in 2001. She is the mother of French cinematographer, Guillaume Schiffman.

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Sydney Boehm
Sydney Boehm (April 4, 1908 - June 25, 1990) was an American screenwriter and producer. Boehm began his writing career as a newswriter for wire services and newspapers before moving on to screenwriting. His films include High Wall (1947), Anthony Mann-directed Side Street (1950), the sci-fi film When Worlds Collide (1951), and the crime drama The Big Heat (1953), for which Boehm won a 1954 Edgar Award for Best Motion Picture Screenplay.
Sydney Boehm was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on April 4, 1908 and died in Woodland Hills, California on June 25, 1990 at age 82.

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Sydney Box
Sydney Box (29 April 1907 – 25 May 1983) was a British film producer and screenwriter, brother of another prominent British filmmaker, Betty Box. In 1940, he founded the documentary film company Verity Films with Jay Lewis. He produced the postwar screenplay, The Seventh Veil, which earned him the 1946 Oscar for best original screenplay with his then wife Muriel Box after which the couple were hired by the Rank Organisation to run Gainsborough studios. They disapproved of the Gainsborough melodramas which had been the studio's major success in recent years and switched production to a broader range of more "realistic" films with mixed results. Gainsborough was merged into the wider Rank Organisation in 1949. He ended his cinema career in 1958 to concentrate on TV work. Box was part of a consortium that launched Tyne Tees Television in 1959.
Sydney and Muriel divorced in 1969.
Screenwriter

Producer

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Sylvester Stallone
Michael Sylvester Gardenzio Stallone (/stəˈloʊn/; born July 6, 1946), commonly known as Sylvester Stallone, and nicknamed Sly Stallone, is an American actor, filmmaker, screenwriter, film director and occasional painter. Stallone is known for his machismo and Hollywood action roles. Two of the notable characters he has portrayed are boxer Rocky Balboa and soldier John Rambo. The Rocky and Rambo franchises, along with several other films, strengthened his reputation as an actor and his box office earnings.
Stallone's film Rocky was inducted into the National Film Registry as well as having its film props placed in the Smithsonian Museum. Stallone's use of the front entrance to the Philadelphia Museum of Art in the Rocky series led the area to be nicknamed the Rocky Steps. Philadelphia has a statue of his Rocky character placed permanently near the museum, on the right side before the steps. It was announced on December 7, 2010 that Stallone was voted into boxing's Hall of Fame.
Sylvester Stallone was born Michael Sylvester Gardenzio Stallone in New York City, the elder son of Frank Stallone, Sr., a hairdresser, and Jackie Stallone (born Jacqueline Labofish), an astrologer, former dancer, and promoter of women's wrestling. His younger brother is actor and musician Frank Stallone. Stallone's father was born in Gioia del Colle, Apulia, Italy, and emigrated to the United States as a child. Stallone's mother is of half Russian Jewish and half French descent.

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T. E. B. Clarke
Thomas Ernest Bennett "Tibby" Clarke (7 June 1907 - 11 February 1989) was a movie scriptwriter who wrote several of the Ealing Studios comedies. His scripts always feature careful logical development from a slightly absurd premise to a farcical conclusion. In 1952 he was awarded a Best Original Screenplay Oscar for his script for The Lavender Hill Mob, making him one of just a handful of Britons to receive this award. He continued to work as a scriptwriter after Ealing ceased production in the mid-fifties, his later contributions including Sons and Lovers and the Disney film The Horse without a Head.
Clarke was also a novelist and writer of non-fiction, and was not above presenting his fictions as fact - notably the 1981 book Murder at Buckingham Palace, which purports to tell the story of a hushed-up murder in the Royal residence in 1935. Despite its including 'documentary' photographs, there is no external evidence that the book is anything but pure fiction.

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T.E.B. Clarke
Thomas Ernest Bennett "Tibby" Clarke (7 June 1907 - 11 February 1989) was a movie scriptwriter who wrote several of the Ealing Studios comedies. His scripts always feature careful logical development from a slightly absurd premise to a farcical conclusion. In 1952 he was awarded a Best Original Screenplay Oscar for his script for The Lavender Hill Mob, making him one of just a handful of Britons to receive this award. He continued to work as a scriptwriter after Ealing ceased production in the mid-fifties, his later contributions including Sons and Lovers and the Disney film The Horse without a Head.
Clarke was also a novelist and writer of non-fiction, and was not above presenting his fictions as fact - notably the 1981 book Murder at Buckingham Palace, which purports to tell the story of a hushed-up murder in the Royal residence in 1935. Despite its including 'documentary' photographs, there is no external evidence that the book is anything but pure fiction.

wn.com/T.E.B._Clarke

T.S. Cook
T.S. Cook (born Thomas Steven Cook August 25, 1947), is an American screenwriter and producer, perhaps best known for writing The China Syndrome (1979), sharing with Mike Gray and James Bridges, which garned him Academy Award, Emmy Award, and Golden Globe-nominations.
Thomas Steven Cook was born in Cleveland to Horace William, a business executive, and Betty Marion Cook (née Thompson), a homemaker. He began working as a technical editor in 1974 at engineering and manufacturing company ITT Gilfillan in Panorama City. In 1984, Cook was hired as a lecturer at the University of Nevada in 1984.
As a writer, Cook has written several television movies. He got his first writing credit with the 1979 thriller film The China Syndrome, which earned him Oscar, Emmy, and Golden Globe-nominations for Best Screenplay. He continued his career by directing episodes of shows, such as Project UFO (1978), and Airwolf (1984). For Nightbreaker (1989), Cook was the recipient of the Writers Guild of America Award. He received his second Emmy nomination for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Writing for a Miniseries or a Special, sharing with Paris Qualles, Trey Ellis, Ron Hutchinson, and Robert Williams for The Tuskegee Airmen (1995). By 2000s, he wrote The Hive (2008), and NYC: Tornado Terror (2008), both of them which aired on Syfy.

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Tamara Jenkins
Tamara Jenkins (born May 2, 1962) is an American screenwriter, actress and director. She is best known for her two feature films, Slums of Beverly Hills (1998) and The Savages (2007).
Jenkins was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the daughter of Lillian and Manuel Jenkins. Her father was Jewish and her mother was Italian American. After her parents divorced, her father, a car salesman and former nightclub owner, took custody of her and her three brothers, moving the family to California to work as a car salesman. She lived in Beverly Hills with her father and brothers and attended Beverly Hills High for a year and a half, during which legal custody of Jenkins was awarded to her oldest brother.
A stage actor and a performance artist in New York's East Village during the 1980s, she enrolled in the Graduate Filmmaking program at New York University's prestigious Tisch School of the Arts in the '90s. Winner of a Guggenheim Fellowship for filmmaking, Jenkins also attended the Sundance Institute Screenwriting and Filmmakers Lab.

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Terry Gilliam
Terrence Vance "Terry" Gilliam (

/ˈɡɪliəm/; born 22 November 1940) is an American-born British screenwriter, film director, animator, actor and member of the Monty Python comedy troupe. Gilliam is also known for directing several films, including Brazil (1985), The Adventures of Baron Munchausen (1988), The Fisher King (1991), 12 Monkeys (1995), and Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (1998). The only "Python" not born in Britain, he took British citizenship in 1968.
Gilliam was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, the son of Beatrice (née Vance) and James Hall Gilliam, who was a traveling salesman for Folgers before becoming a carpenter. Soon after, they moved to the nearby Medicine Lake.
The family moved to Panorama City, California, in 1952. Gilliam attended Birmingham High School where he was class president and senior prom King, was voted "Most Likely to Succeed", and achieved straight A's. During high school, he began to avidly read Mad magazine, which was then edited by Harvey Kurtzman; this later influenced his work.

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Todd Haynes
Todd Haynes (born January 2, 1961) is an American independent film director and screenwriter. He is best known for his feature films Superstar: The Karen Carpenter Story, Poison, Velvet Goldmine, Safe, and the Academy Award-nominated Far from Heaven and I'm Not There.
The All Movie Guide writes that "Haynes is known for making provocative films that subvert narrative structure and resound with transgressive, complex eroticism…. Although he doesn't characterize himself as a gay filmmaker who makes gay films… Haynes' name has become synonymous with the New Queer Cinema movement and its work to both explore and redefine the contours of queer culture in America and beyond."
Haynes’ work is preoccupied with postmodernist ideas of identity and sexuality as socially constructed concepts, and personal identity as a fluid and changeable state. His protagonists are invariably social outsiders whose "subversive" identity and sexuality pits them at odds with the received norms of their society. In the Haynes universe, sexuality (especially “deviant” or unconventional sexuality) is a subversive and dangerous force that disrupts social norms and is often repressed brutally by dominant power structures. Haynes presents artists as the ultimate subversive force, since they must necessarily stand outside of societal norms, with an artist's creative output representing the greatest opportunity for personal and social freedom. Unsurprisingly, many of his films are unconventional portraits of pop artists and musicians (Karen Carpenter in Superstar, David Bowie in Velvet Goldmine and Bob Dylan in I’m Not There).

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Tom Schulman
Thomas H. Schulman (born October 20, 1950 in Nashville) is an American screenwriter most famous for his screenplay Dead Poets Society which won the Best Screenplay Academy Award for 1989.
Other scripts include Honey, I Shrunk the Kids, Welcome to Mooseport, What About Bob?, 8 Heads In A Duffel Bag and Medicine Man.
In 2009, Schulman was elected vice president of the Writers Guild of America, West.
Tom Schulman lives in Los Angeles, California with his wife Miriam and children Peter and Dolf.

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Tom Stoppard
Sir Tom Stoppard, OM, CBE, FRSL (born Tomáš Straüssler; 3 July 1937) is a British playwright, knighted in 1997. He has written prolifically for TV, radio, film and stage, finding prominence with plays such as Arcadia, The Coast of Utopia, Every Good Boy Deserves Favour, Professional Foul, The Real Thing, and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead. He co-wrote the screenplays for Brazil and Shakespeare in Love and has won one Academy Award and four Tony Awards. Themes of human rights, censorship and political freedom pervade his work along with exploration of linguistics and philosophy. Stoppard has been a key playwright of the National Theatre and is one of the most internationally performed dramatists of his generation.
In 1939, Stoppard left Czechoslovakia as a child refugee, fleeing imminent Nazi occupation. He settled with his family in Britain after the war, in 1946. After being educated at schools in Nottingham and Yorkshire, Stoppard became a journalist, a drama critic and then, in 1960, a playwright. He has been married twice, to Josie Ingle (1965–1972) and Miriam Stoppard (1972–1992), and has two sons from each marriage, one of whom is actor Ed Stoppard.

wn.com/Tom_Stoppard

Tonino Guerra
Antonio "Tonino" Guerra (16 March 1920 – 21 March 2012) was an Italian concentration camp survivor, poet, writer and screenwriter who has collaborated with some of the most prominent film directors of the world.
Guerra was born in Santarcangelo di Romagna.
According to his obituary in The Guardian, Guerra first started writing poetry when interned in a prison camp in Germany, after being rounded up at the age of 22 with other antifascists from Santarcangelo.
At age 30 he moved to Rome and worked as a schoolteacher. During this time he met Elio Petri, the future director of Investigation of a Citizen Above Suspicion (1970), who was working as assistant to Giuseppe De Santis. Guerra was able to get his first credit as a screenwriter after he and Petri went to the Abruzzi mountains to find out about wolf-hunting an "though they discovered that wolf hunters no longer existed, De Santis went ahead anyway with the film, Uomini e Lupi (Men and Wolves, 1957)".
Descendant of Cesare Zavattini,^{[citation needed]} the screenwriter who essentially defined the style and morals of Italian neorealism, Guerra deviates from his great mentor: while Zavattini brought the directors with whom he collaborated over to his own social and moral speculation, Guerra goes to the filmmakers and helps them advance their own concept.

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Tony Gilroy
Anthony Joseph "Tony" Gilroy (born September 11, 1956) is an American screenwriter and filmmaker. He wrote the screenplays for the Bourne series starring Matt Damon, among other successful films. He has been nominated for Academy Awards for his direction and script for Michael Clayton, starring George Clooney. Gilroy wrote and directed Duplicity, starring Julia Roberts and Clive Owen.
Gilroy was born in Manhattan, New York, the son of Ruth Dorothy (née Gaydos), a sculptor and writer, and Frank D. Gilroy, a playwright. He is the brother of screenwriter Dan Gilroy and editor John Gilroy. He lives in Manhattan with his family.
Gilroy has written many scripts for film, starting with the script for The Cutting Edge in 1992. This was followed by Dolores Claiborne in 1995 and The Devil's Advocate in 1997. He also wrote the script for Armageddon, the highest-grossing film of 1998. Gilroy's next script was Proof of Life in 2000. In 2002, 2003 and 2007 he wrote the screenplays for The Bourne Identity, The Bourne Supremacy and The Bourne Ultimatum, and he is scheduled to write and direct the next installment of the Bourne series.

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Trevor Griffiths
Trevor Griffiths (born 4 April 1935, Ancoats, Manchester) is an English dramatist.
Raised as a Roman Catholic, he attended Saint Bede's College, before being accepted into Manchester University in 1952 to read English. After a brief involvement with professional football and a year in National Service, he became a teacher.
He became chairman of the Manchester Left Club, and the editor of the Labour Party's Northern Voice newspaper. Gradually he tired of political journalism, began writing plays, and was eventually commissioned by Tony Garnett to provide a script for The Wednesday Play (BBC, 1964–70). The play, "The Love Maniac", was about a teacher, but even though Garnett took the commission with him when he moved to London Weekend Television and formed Kestrel Productions, it was never produced. Buoyed by Garnett's enthusiasm and influenced by the Paris evenements of May 1968, he wrote Occupations, a stage play about Gramsci and the Fiat factory occupations of 1920s Italy.^{[citation needed]}

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Tullio Pinelli
Tullio Pinelli (24 June 1908 – 7 March 2009) was an Italian screenwriter best known for his work on the Federico Fellini classics I Vitelloni, La strada, La Dolce Vita and 8½.
Born in Turin, Piedmont, Italy, Pinelli began his career as a civil lawyer but spent his free time working in the theatre as a playwright. Descended from a long line of Italian patriots, his great-uncle General Ferdinando Pinelli quashed the bandit revolt in Calabria following Italian unification.
He first met Fellini in a Rome kiosk in 1947 while they were reading opposite pages of the same newspaper. "Meeting each other," explained Pinelli, "was a creative lightning bolt. We spoke the same language from the start... We were fantasizing about a screenplay that would be the exact opposite of what was fashionable then: the story of a very shy and modest office worker who discovered he can fly; so he flaps his arms and escapes out the window. It certainly wasn't Italian neorealism. But the idea never went anywhere either." The anecdote about flying presages their 1963 film, 8½, which begins with the protagonist, a prominent film director, who dreams of escape by flying out of his car caught in a traffic jam.

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Ugo Pirro
Ugo Pirro (April 20, 1920 – January 18, 2008) was an Italian screenwriter.
Born Ugo Mattone in Salerno, he debuted as screenwriter for director Carlo Lizzani (Achtung! Banditi!, 1951, and Il gobbo, 1960).
His screenplays of the 1970s include films Indagine su un cittadino al di sopra di ogni sospetto and Il giardino dei Finzi-Contini, for which he won two Academy Awards as Best Foreign Film. Pirro was also a literature author, his most notable works being Le soldatesse (1956), set in the Italian occupation of Greece during World War II, and Celluloide, adapted for cinema by Lizzani in 1996.
He died in Rome in 2008.

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Valentine Davies
Valentine Davies (August 25, 1905 - July 23, 1961) was an American film and television writer, producer, and director. His credits included Miracle on 34th Street (1947), Chicken Every Sunday (1949), The Bridges at Toko-Ri (1954), and The Benny Goodman Story (1955). He was nominated for the 1954 Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for The Glenn Miller Story.
Davies was born in New York City, served in the Coast Guard, and graduated from the University of Michigan. He wrote a number of Broadway plays and was president of the Screen Writers Guild and general chairman of the Academy Awards program.
Davies' 1947 novel Miracle on 34th Street was adapted for the screen the same year, earning the author the Academy Award for Best Story.

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Valerie Curtin
Valerie Curtin (born March 31, 1945) is an American actress and screenwriter.
Curtin was born in New York City, the daughter of radio actor Joseph Curtin. She is a cousin of TV comedian/actress Jane Curtin (Saturday Night Live, Kate & Allie, Third Rock from the Sun). She was married to writer and director Barry Levinson from 1975-1982.
Curtin began her writing career in the 1970s working on episodes of the popular television sitcom The Mary Tyler Moore Show. Curtin and her then-husband Barry Levinson were nominated for an Academy Award (in the category of Best Writing, Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen) for ...And Justice for All (1979) starring Al Pacino. They also co-wrote the semi-autobiographical Best Friends (1982), which featured Burt Reynolds and Goldie Hawn.
Curtin's acting career has run concurrently with her writing career. During the 1970s, she made various guest appearances on television playing in shows such as Happy Days, Welcome Back, Kotter, Rhoda, The Rockford Files and Barney Miller. In 1976, ABC shot the pilot episode for Three's Company, in which Curtin appeared alongside John Ritter and Susanne Zenor. Curtin played a character named Jenny, who eventually became Janet Wood, played by Joyce DeWitt.

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Vasco Pratolini
Vasco Pratolini (October 19, 1913 - January 12, 1991) was one of the most noted Italian writers of the twentieth century.
Born in Florence, Pratolini worked at various jobs before entering the literary world thanks to his acquaintance with Elio Vittorini. In 1938 he founded, together with Alfonso Gatto, the magazine Campo di Marte. His work is based on firm political principles and much of it is rooted in the ordinary life and sentiments of ordinary, modest working-class people in Florence.
During World War II he fought with the Italian partisans against the German occupation. After the war he also worked in the cinema, collaborating as screenwriter to films such as Luchino Visconti's Rocco e i suoi fratelli , Roberto Rossellini's Paisà and Nanni Loy's Le quattro giornate di Napoli. In 1954 and 1961 Valerio Zurlini turned two of his novels, Le ragazze di San Frediano and Cronaca familiare, into films.
His most important literary works are the novels Cronaca familiare (1947), Cronache di poveri amanti (1947) and Metello (1955).

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Virginia Kellogg
Virginia Kellogg (December 3, 1907 – April 8, 1981) was a film writer whose scripts for White Heat (1949) and Caged (1950) were nominated for Oscars.
At one time, she was married to director Frank Lloyd.
Virginia Kellogg at the Internet Movie Database

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W. D. Richter
W. D. Richter (born 7 December 1945, New Britain, Connecticut) is a screenwriter and film director and producer. He is best known for adapting Invasion of the Body Snatchers, directing The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the 8th Dimension and co-writing Big Trouble in Little China.
Richter graduated from Dartmouth College and attended USC film school. He began script writing for Hollywood in the 1970s. He wrote the hit comedy Slither (1973), followed by two similarly styled comedies, Peeper (1975) and Nickelodeon (1976). He branched into other genres starting with the Invasion of the Body Snatchers remake in 1978. He continued writing scripts throughout the 1980s and 1990s. In the early 1980s Richter formed his own production company (with producer Neil Canton), Canton/Richter, and directed the sci-fi cult classic The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the 8th Dimension. The film did poorly at the box-office and the company broke-up. Richter continued to write screenplays however, and has since written Home For The Holidays and Stealth.

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W. R. Burnett
William Riley Burnett (November 25, 1899 - April 25, 1982), often credited as W. R. Burnett, was an American novelist and screenwriter. He is best known for the crime novel Little Caesar, whose film adaptation is considered the first of the classic American gangster movies.
Burnett was born in Springfield, Ohio, U.S. He left his civil service job there to move to Chicago when he was 28, by which time he had written over a hundred short stories and five novels, all unpublished.
In Chicago he found a job as a night clerk in a seedy hotel. Suddenly Burnett found himself associating with a cornucopia of characters straight from the mean streets: prize fighters, hoodlums, hustlers, and hobos. They inspired Little Caesar (novel 1929, film 1931). Its overnight success landed him a job as a Hollywood screenwriter. Little Caesar became a classic movie, produced by First National Pictures (Warner Brothers) and starring the then-unknown Edward G. Robinson. The Al Capone theme was one he returned to in 1932 with Scarface. In addition to this, Burnett had won the 1930 O. Henry Award for his short story "Dressing-Up" published in Harper's Magazine in November 1929.

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Waldo Salt
Waldo Miller Salt (October 18, 1914 – March 7, 1987) was an American screenwriter who was blacklisted by the Hollywood movie studio bosses during the era of McCarthyism.
Salt was born in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Winifred (née Porter) and William Haslem Salt, an artist and business executive. He graduated from Stanford University at age eighteen.^{[citation needed]} The first of his nineteen films he wrote or in which he participated in the writing, was released in 1937 with the title The Bride Wore Red. He joined the American Communist Party in 1938, and was a civilian consultant to the U.S. Office of War Information during World War II.^{[citation needed]}
Salt's career in Hollywood was interrupted when he was blacklisted after refusing to testify before the House Committee on Un-American Activities in 1951. Like many other blacklisted writers, while he was unable to work in Hollywood Salt wrote pseudonymously for the British television series The Adventures of Robin Hood. After the collapse of the blacklist, Salt won Academy Awards for Midnight Cowboy and Coming Home, and a nomination for his work on Serpico.

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Walon Green
Walon Green (born December 15, 1936) is an American documentary film director and screenwriter for both TV and films. He is currently the showrunner/executive producer for the USA Network television series, Law & Order: Criminal Intent.
Born in Baltimore, Maryland, he produced and directed documentaries for National Geographic and David Wolper, including The Hellstrom Chronicle, for which he was accorded the Academy Award and the BAFTA in 1972, and The Secret Life of Plants in 1979. Among his screenwriting credits are the films The Wild Bunch, Sorcerer, The Brink's Job, Eraser, The Hi-Lo Country and RoboCop 2. On television, he wrote and produced episodes of Hill Street Blues, Law & Order, ER and NYPD Blue for which he received a 1995 Edgar Award. More recently, he was a Creative Consultant for the Chris Carter science fiction TV series Millennium. He is also notable for allowing a centipede to crawl over his face in the tunnel scene of Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory.
Green is the father of Darwin Green, a writer and film editor, and Collin Green, a teacher and photographer.

wn.com/Walon_Green

Walter F. Parkes
Walter F. Parkes (born April 15, 1951 in Bakersfield, California) is an American film producer, writer and former studio head.
Parkes has been associated with DreamWorks Pictures, which he ran from its inception in 1994 until 2005. A three-time Academy Award nominee as both producer and screenwriter, his upcoming movies include Men in Black 3, which will be released May 25, 2012 and Flight directed by Robert Zemeckis and starring Denzel Washington.
Other films produced or executive produced by Mr. Parkes include, the Men in Black series, The Kite Runner, Golden Globe-winning Sweeney Todd, Dinner for Schmucks, Gladiator, Minority Report, Catch Me If You Can, The Ring, The Terminal, Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events, Road to Perdition, A.I. Artificial Intelligence, Deep Impact, Twister, The Legend of Zorro and Amistad.
Parkes graduated from Yale College cum laude in 1973, and then studied communications and documentary film at Stanford University where he began his first feature length film, a documentary about the rebirth of the Nazi party in America, The California Reich. The film was nominated for an Oscar and was a special selection at the Cannes Film Festival. His next film, WarGames, in collaboration with Lawrence Lasker, garnered a “Best Original Screenplay” Oscar nomination. Parkes and Lasker co-produced several films, including Sneakers and Awakenings, a Best Picture Oscar nominee in 1990.

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Walter Reisch
Walter Reisch (May 23, 1903 - March 28, 1983) was an Austrian-born director and screenwriter. He also wrote lyrics to several songs featured in his films, one popular title is "Flieger, grüß mir die Sonne".

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Warren Beatty
Warren Beatty (

/ˈbeɪti/ BAY-tee; born March 30, 1937) is an American actor, producer, screenwriter and director. He has been nominated for 15 Academy Awards, including winning the Best Director Award and its highest honor, the Irving G. Thalberg Award. He has been nominated for 16 Golden Globe Awards and won six, including the Cecil B. DeMille Award, which he received in 2007. Only Beatty and Orson Welles have been nominated for producer, director, writer and actor in the same film. Welles did it once (for Citizen Kane), Beatty did it twice (for Heaven Can Wait and Reds).
Beatty was born Henry Warren Beaty in Richmond, Virginia. His mother, Kathlyn Corinne (née MacLean), was a Nova Scotia-born teacher, and his father, Ira Owens Beaty, was a Ph.D. of educational psychology, a public school administrator, and dealt in real estate. Beatty's grandparents were also educators. The family was Baptist. In 1945, the family moved from Richmond to Arlington, Virginia. Beatty's sister is the multi-award winning actress and writer Shirley MacLaine.

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Wes Anderson
Wesley Wales Mortimer "Wes" Anderson (born May 1, 1969) is an American film director, screenwriter, actor, and producer of features, short films and commercials. He was nominated for a 2001 Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for The Royal Tenenbaums and a 2010 Academy Award for Best Animated Feature for Fantastic Mr. Fox. His films employ similar aesthetics, using a deliberate, methodical cinematography, with mostly primary colors. His soundtracks feature folk and early rock music, in particular classic British rock. Anderson's films combine dry humor with poignant portrayals of flawed characters – often a mix of the wealthy and the working class. He is also known for working with many of the same actors and crew on varying projects.
Wes Anderson's Moonrise Kingdom opened the Cannes Film Festival 2012.

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Whit Stillman
Whit Stillman (born January 25, 1952) is an American writer-director known for his sly depictions of the "urban haute bourgeoisie." He is perhaps best known for his 1990 film Metropolitan, which earned him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay.
Stillman was born John Whitney Stillman on January 25, 1952, in Washington, D.C., the son of Margaret Drinker (née Riley), from Philadelphia, and a Democratic politician, John Sterling Stillman, an assistant secretary of commerce under President John F. Kennedy, from Washington, D.C. He grew up in the downstate New York town of Cornwall. His godfather is academic E. Digby Baltzell. He attended Harvard University, where he was a member of the Fly Club^{[citation needed]} and wrote for The Harvard Crimson.
After graduating from Harvard in 1973, Stillman began working as a journalist in New York City.^{[citation needed]}
He was introduced to some film producers from Madrid and persuaded them that he could sell their films to Spanish-language television in the U.S. He worked for the next few years in Barcelona and Madrid as a sales agent for directors Fernando Trueba and Fernando Colomo,^{[citation needed]} and sometimes acted in their films, usually playing comic Americans, such as his role in Trueba's Sal Gorda.

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Willard Huyck
Willard Huyck (born September 8, 1945) is an American screenwriter, director and producer, best known for his association with George Lucas. They met as students at the USC School of Cinematic Arts, and became members of Francis Ford Coppola's American Zoetrope group of filmmakers. Along with his wife Gloria Katz, Huyck has created the screenplays of films including American Graffiti, Lucky Lady, Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, Radioland Murders, as well as uncredited work on the original Star Wars. He also directed four films he co-wrote with Gloria Katz, Messiah of Evil, French Postcards, Best Defense, and Howard the Duck. One of his relatives (also Willard Huyck) is a filmmaker and many of his works can be found on YouTube.

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William Bowers
William Bowers (Las Cruces, 1916 - Woodland Hills, California, 1987) was a reporter in Long Beach, California before becoming a screenwriter and specializing in writing comedy westerns and also turned out several thrillers. His first credited screenplay was My Favorite Spy in 1942.
During World War II Bowers served in the United States Army Air Forces where he met Arch Hall Sr.. Bowers later wrote a screenplay based in his experiences called The Last Time I Saw Archie where Jack Webb played Bowers.
His career noticeably picked up after his Oscar nomination for the gritty Gregory Peck Western The Gunfighter in 1950, leading to such assignments as the remake of My Man Godfrey in 1957 and The Sheepman in 1958 (a second Oscar nomination).
Bowers produced the last film that he wrote, the Western parody Support Your Local Sheriff! (1969). He also had a bit part as an actor in The Godfather Part II (1974).

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William Goldman
William Goldman (born August 12, 1931) is an American novelist, playwright, and Academy Award-winning screenwriter.
Goldman grew up in a Jewish family in the Chicago suburb of Highland Park, Illinois, the son of Marion (née Weil) and Maurice Clarence Goldman, who worked in business. He obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree from Oberlin College in 1952 and a Master of Arts degree from Columbia University in 1956. Goldman lives in a penthouse apartment in New York City. His brother, James Goldman, who died in 1998, was a playwright and screenwriter.
According to his memoir, Adventures in the Screen Trade (1983), Goldman began writing when he took a creative-writing course in college. His grades in the class were "horrible". An editor of Oberlin's literary magazine, he would submit short stories to the magazine anonymously; he recalls that the other editors, upon reading his submissions, remarked "We can't possibly publish this shit." He did not originally intend to become a screenwriter. His main interests were poetry, short stories, and novels. In 1956 he completed an MA thesis at Columbia University on the comedy of manners in America.

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William Inge
William Motter Inge (

/ˈɪndʒ/;May 3, 1913 – June 10, 1973) was an American playwright and novelist, whose works typically feature solitary protagonists encumbered with strained sexual relations. In the early 1950s, he had a string of memorable Broadway productions, and one of these, Picnic, earned him a Pulitzer Prize. With his portraits of small-town life and settings rooted in the American heartland, Inge became known as the "Playwright of the Midwest".
Born in Independence, Kansas, Inge attended Independence Community College and graduated from the University of Kansas in 1935 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Speech and Drama. While at the University of Kansas, Inge was a member of the Nu Chapter of Sigma Nu. Offered a scholarship to work on a Master of Arts degree, he moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to attend the George Peabody College for Teachers, but later dropped out.
Back in Kansas, he worked as a laborer on the state highway and a Wichita news announcer. In 1937–38 he taught English and drama at Cherokee County Community High School in Columbus, Kansas. After returning and completing his Master's at Peabody in 1938, he taught at Stephens College, in Columbia, Missouri, from 1938 to 1943.

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William Ludwig
William Ludwig (May 16, 1912 – February 7, 1999) was an American screenwriter. He won, with Sonya Levien, an Oscar for "Best Writing, Story and Screenplay" in 1956 for Interrupted Melody. Other notable works include the screenplay for the 1955 production of Oklahoma!.

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Woody Allen
Woody Allen (born Allan Stewart Konigsberg, December 1, 1935) is an award-winning American screenwriter, director, actor, comedian, author, and playwright, whose career spans over half a century.
He began as a comedy writer in the 1950s, penning jokes and scripts for television and also publishing several books of short humor pieces. In the early 1960s, Allen started performing as a stand-up comic, emphasizing monologues rather than traditional jokes. As a comic, he developed the persona of an insecure, intellectual, fretful nebbish, which he insists is quite different from his real-life personality. In 2004, Comedy Central ranked Allen in fourth place on a list of the 100 greatest stand-up comics, while a UK survey ranked Allen as the third greatest comedian.
By the mid-1960s Allen was writing and directing films, first specializing in slapstick comedies before moving into more dramatic material influenced by European art films during the 1970s. He is often identified as part of the New Hollywood wave of filmmakers of the mid-1960s to late '70s. Allen often stars in his own films, typically in the persona he developed as a standup. The best-known of his over 40 films include the Academy Award-winners Annie Hall (1977), Hannah and Her Sisters (1986) and Midnight in Paris (2011); and the Golden Globe-winning The Purple Rose of Cairo (1985). Critic Roger Ebert has described Allen as "a treasure of the cinema."

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Éric Rohmer
Éric Rohmer (French: [eʁik ʁomɛʁ]; 1920–2010) was a French film director, film critic, journalist, novelist, screenwriter and teacher. A figure in the post-war New Wave cinema, he was a former editor of Cahiers du cinéma.
Rohmer was the last of the French New Wave directors to become established. He worked as the editor of the Cahiers du cinéma periodical from 1957 to 1963, while most of his Cahiers colleagues – among them Jean-Luc Godard and François Truffaut – were beginning their careers and gaining international attention. René Schérer, a philosopher, is his brother and René Monzat, a journalist, is his son.
Rohmer came to international attention around 1969 when his film Ma nuit chez Maud (My Night at Maud's) was nominated at the Academy Awards. He won the San Sebastián International Film Festival with Claire's Knee in 1971. In 2001, Rohmer received the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival. His works were viewed by audiences around the world. He died of unspecified causes on 11 January 2010. In his obituary in The Daily Telegraph he was described as "the most durable film-maker of the French New Wave", outlasting his peers and "still making movies the public wanted to see" late in his career.

wn.com/Éric_Rohmer

Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay
Presented by	Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
Country	United States
Currently held by	Midnight in Paris
Official website	http://www.oscars.org

Year	Film	Screenwriter(s)
1940 (13th)
	The Great McGinty	Preston Sturges
	Angels Over Broadway	Ben Hecht
	Dr. Ehrlich's Magic Bullet	Norman Burnside (story/screenplay) Heinz Herald (screenplay) John Huston (screenplay)
	Foreign Correspondent	Charles Bennett Joan Harrison
	The Great Dictator	Charlie Chaplin
1941 (14th)
	Citizen Kane	Herman J. Mankiewicz Orson Welles
	The Devil and Miss Jones	Norman Krasna
	Sergeant York	Harry Chandlee Abem Finkel John Huston Howard Koch
	Tall, Dark and Handsome	Karl Tunberg Darrell Ware
	Tom, Dick and Harry	Paul Jarrico
1942 (15th)
	Woman of the Year	Michael Kanin Ring Lardner Jr.
	One of Our Aircraft Is Missing	Michael Powell (screenplay) Emeric Pressburger (story/screenplay)
	Road to Morocco	Frank Butler Don Hartman
	Wake Island	W. R. Burnett Frank Butler
	The War Against Mrs. Hadley	George Oppenheimer
1943 (16th)
	Princess O'Rourke	Norman Krasna
	Air Force	Dudley Nichols
	In Which We Serve	Noël Coward
	The North Star	Lillian Hellman
	So Proudly We Hail!	Allan Scott
1944 (17th)
	Wilson	Lamar Trotti
	Hail the Conquering Hero	Preston Sturges
	The Miracle of Morgan's Creek	Preston Sturges
	Two Girls and a Sailor	Richard Connell Gladys Lehman
	Wing and a Prayer	Jerome Cady
1945 (18th)
	Marie-Louise	Richard Schweizer
	Dillinger	Philip Yordan
	Music for Millions	Myles Connolly
	Salty O'Rourke	Milton Holmes
	What Next, Corporal Hargrove?	Harry Kurnitz
1946 (19th)
	The Seventh Veil	Muriel Box Sydney Box
	The Blue Dahlia	Raymond Chandler
	Children of Paradise	Jacques Prévert
	Notorious	Ben Hecht
	Road to Utopia	Norman Panama Melvin Frank
1947 (20th)
	The Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxer	Sidney Sheldon
	Body and Soul	Abraham Polonsky
	A Double Life	Ruth Gordon Garson Kanin
	Monsieur Verdoux	Charlie Chaplin
	Shoeshine	Sergio Amidei Adolfo Franci C. G. Viola Cesare Zavattini
1948 (21st)^[4]
1948 (21st)^[4]	— (no award given)	— (no award given)
1949 (22nd)^[5]
	Battleground	Robert Pirosh
	Jolson Sings Again	Sidney Buchman
	Paisà	V. Hayes (story) Federico Fellini (story/screenplay) Sergio Amidei (story/screenplay) Marcello Pagliero (story) Roberto Rossellini (story/screenplay)
	Passport to Pimlico	T. E. B. Clarke
	The Quiet One	Helen Slote Levitt Janice Loeb Sidney Meyers

Year	Film	Screenwriter(s)
1950 (23rd)
	Sunset Boulevard	Charles Brackett D.M. Marshman, Jr. Billy Wilder
	Adam's Rib	Ruth Gordon, Garson Kanin
	Caged	Virginia Kellogg (story/screenplay) Bernard C. Schoenfeld (story)
	The Men	Carl Foreman
	No Way Out	Joseph L. Mankiewicz Lesser Samuels
1951 (24th)
	An American in Paris	Alan Jay Lerner
	The Big Carnival	Billy Wilder Lesser Samuels Walter Newman
	David and Bathsheba	Philip Dunne
	Go for Broke!	Robert Pirosh
	The Well	Clarence Greene Russell Rouse
1952 (25th)
	The Lavender Hill Mob	T.E.B. Clarke
	The Atomic City	Sydney Boehm
	The Sound Barrier	Terence Rattigan
	Pat and Mike	Ruth Gordon Garson Kanin
	Viva Zapata!	John Steinbeck
1953 (26th)
	Titanic	Charles Brackett Richard Breen Walter Reisch
	The Band Wagon	Betty Comden Adolph Green
	The Desert Rats	Richard Murphy
	The Naked Spur	Sam Rolfe Harold Jack Bloom
	Take the High Ground!	Millard Kaufman
1954 (27th)
	On the Waterfront	Budd Schulberg
	The Barefoot Contessa	Joseph L. Mankiewicz
	Genevieve	William Rose
	The Glenn Miller Story	Valentine Davies Oscar Brodney
	Knock on Wood	Norman Panama Melvin Frank
1955 (28th)
	Interrupted Melody	Sonya Levien William Ludwig
	The Court-Martial of Billy Mitchell	Milton Sperling Emmet Lavery
	It's Always Fair Weather	Betty Comden Adolph Green
	Mr. Hulot's Holiday	Jacques Tati Henri Marquet
	The Seven Little Foys	Melville Shavelson Jack Rose
1956 (29th)
	The Red Balloon	Albert Lamorisse
	The Bold and the Brave	Robert Lewin
	Julie	Andrew L. Stone
	La Strada	Federico Fellini Tullio Pinelli
	The Ladykillers	William Rose
1957 (30th)
	Designing Woman	George Wells
	Funny Face	Leonard Gershe
	Man of a Thousand Faces	Ralph Wheelwright (story) R. Wright Campbell (screenplay) Ivan Goff (screenplay) Ben Roberts (screenplay)
	The Tin Star	Barney Slater (story) Joel Kane (story) Dudley Nichols (screenplay)
	I Vitelloni	Federico Fellini (story/screenplay) Ennio Flaiano (story/screenplay) Tullio Pinelli (story)
1958 (31st)
	The Defiant Ones	Nathan E. Douglas^[6] Harold Jacob Smith
	The Goddess	Paddy Chayefsky
	Houseboat	Melville Shavelson Jack Rose
	The Sheepman	James Edward Grant (story/screenplay) William Bowers (screenplay)
	Teacher's Pet	Fay Kanin Michael Kanin
1959 (32nd)
	Pillow Talk	Clarence Greene (story) Maurice Richlin (screenplay) Russell Rouse (story) Stanley Shapiro (screenplay)
	The 400 Blows	François Truffaut (story/screenplay) Marcel Moussy (screenplay)
	North by Northwest	Ernest Lehman
	Operation Petticoat	Paul King (story) Joseph Stone (story) Stanley Shapiro (screenplay) Maurice Richlin (screenplay)
	Wild Strawberries	Ingmar Bergman

Year	Film	Screenwriter(s)
1960 (33rd)
	The Apartment	I.A.L. Diamond Billy Wilder
	The Angry Silence	Bryan Forbes (screenplay) Richard Gregson (story) Michael Craig (story)
	The Facts of Life	Norman Panama Melvin Frank
	Hiroshima Mon Amour	Marguerite Duras
	Never on Sunday	Jules Dassin
1961 (34th)
	Splendor in the Grass	William Inge
	Ballad of a Soldier	Valentin Yoshov Grigori Chukhrai
	La Dolce Vita	Federico Fellini (story/screenplay) Tullio Pinelli (story/screenplay) Ennio Flaiano (story/screenplay) Brunello Rondi (screenplay)
	General della Rovere	Sergio Amidei (screenplay) Diego Fabbi (screenplay) Indro Montanelli (story/screenplay)
	Lover Come Back	Stanley Shapiro Paul Henning
1962 (35th)
	Divorce, Italian Style	Ennio de Concini Pietro Germi Alfredo Giannetti
	Freud	Charles Kaufman (story/screenplay) Wolfgang Reinhardt (screenplay)
	Last Year at Marienbad	Alain Robbe-Grillet
	That Touch of Mink	Stanley Shapiro Nate Monaster
	Through a Glass Darkly	Ingmar Bergman
1963 (36th)
	How the West Was Won	James Webb
	8½	Federico Fellini (story/screenplay) Ennio Flaiano (story/screenplay) Tullio Pinelli (screenplay) Brunello Rondi (screenplay)
	America, America	Elia Kazan
	The Four Days of Naples	Pasquale Festa Campanile (story/screenplay) Massimo Franciosa (story/screenplay) Nanni Loy (story/screenplay) Vasco Pratolini (story) Carlo Bernari (screenplay)
	Love with the Proper Stranger	Arnold Schulman
1964 (37th)
	Father Goose	Peter Stone Frank Tarloff
	A Hard Day's Night	Alun Owen
	One Potato, Two Potato	Raphael Hayes (screenplay) Orville H. Hampton (story)
	The Organizer	Age Scarpelli Mario Monicelli
	That Man from Rio	Jean-Paul Rappeneau Ariane Mnouchkine Daniel Boulanger Philippe de Broca
1965 (38th)
	Darling	Frederic Raphael
	Casanova 70	Age Scarpelli Mario Monicelli Tonino Guerra Giorgio Salvioni Suso Cecchi d'Amico
	Those Magnificent Men in Their Flying Machines	Jack Davies Ken Annakin
	The Train	Franklin Coen Frank Davis
	The Umbrellas of Cherbourg	Jacques Demy
1966 (39th)
	A Man and a Woman	Claude Lelouch (story/screenplay) Pierre Uytterhoeven (screenplay)
	Blowup	Michelangelo Antonioni (story/screenplay) Tonino Guerra (screenplay) Edward Bond (screenplay)
	The Fortune Cookie	Billy Wilder I.A.L. Diamond
	Khartoum	Robert Ardrey
	The Naked Prey	Clint Johnston Don Peters
1967 (40th)
	Guess Who's Coming to Dinner	William Rose
	Bonnie and Clyde	David Newman Robert Benton
	Divorce American Style	Robert Kaufman (story) Norman Lear (screenplay)
	La Guerre Est Finie	Jorge Semprún
	Two for the Road	Frederic Raphael
1968 (41st)
	The Producers	Mel Brooks
	2001: A Space Odyssey	Stanley Kubrick Arthur C. Clarke
	The Battle of Algiers	Franco Solinas Gillo Pontecorvo
	Faces	John Cassavetes
	Hot Millions	Ira Wallach Peter Ustinov
1969 (42nd)^[7]
	Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid	William Goldman
	Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice	Paul Mazursky Larry Tucker
	The Damned	Nicola Badalucco (story/screenplay) Enrico Medioli (screenplay) Luchino Visconti (screenplay)
	Easy Rider	Peter Fonda Dennis Hopper Terry Southern
	The Wild Bunch	Walon Green (story/screenplay) Roy N. Sickner (story) Sam Peckinpah (screenplay)

Year	Film	Screenwriter(s)
1970 (43rd)
	Patton	Francis Ford Coppola Edmund H. North
	Five Easy Pieces	"Adrien Joyce" (story/screenplay) "Adrien Joyce" (story)
	Joe	Norman Wexler
	Love Story	Erich Segal
	My Night at Maud's	Éric Rohmer
1971 (44th)
	The Hospital	Paddy Chayefsky
	Investigation of a Citizen Above Suspicion	Elio Petri Ugo Pirro
	Klute	Andy Lewis David Lewis
	Summer of '42	Herman Raucher
	Sunday Bloody Sunday	Penelope Gilliatt
1972 (45th)
	The Candidate	Jeremy Larner
	The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie	Luis Buñuel Jean-Claude Carrière
	Lady Sings the Blues	Terrence McCloy Chris Clark Suzanne de Passe
	Murmur of the Heart	Louis Malle
	Young Winston	Carl Foreman
1973 (46th)
	The Sting	David S. Ward
	American Graffiti	George Lucas Gloria Katz Willard Huyck
	Cries and Whispers	Ingmar Bergman
	Save the Tiger	Steve Shagan
	A Touch of Class	Melvin Frank (story/screenplay) Jack Rose (screenplay)
1974 (47th)
	Chinatown	Robert Towne
	Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore	Robert Getchell
	The Conversation	Francis Ford Coppola
	Day for Night	François Truffaut Jean-Louis Richard Suzanne Schiffman
	Harry and Tonto	Paul Mazursky Josh Greenfeld
1975 (48th)
	Dog Day Afternoon	Frank Pierson
	Amarcord	Federico Fellini (screenplay) Tonino Guerra (story/screenplay)
	And Now My Love	Claude Lelouch Pierre Uytterhoeven
	Lies My Father Told Me	Ted Allan
	Shampoo	Robert Towne Warren Beatty
1976 (49th)^[8]
	Network	Paddy Chayefsky
	Cousin, cousine	Jean-Charles Tacchella (story/screenplay) Daniele Thompson (adaptation)
	The Front	Walter Bernstein
	Rocky	Sylvester Stallone
	Seven Beauties	Lina Wertmüller
1977 (50th)
	Annie Hall	Woody Allen Marshall Brickman
	The Goodbye Girl	Neil Simon
	The Late Show	Robert Benton
	Star Wars	George Lucas
	The Turning Point	Arthur Laurents
1978 (51st)^[9]
	Coming Home	Robert C. Jones (screenplay) Waldo Salt (screenplay) Nancy Dowd (story)
	Autumn Sonata	Ingmar Bergman
	The Deer Hunter	Deric Washburn (screenplay) Michael Cimino (story) Deric Washburn (story) Louis Garfinkle (story) Quinn K. Redeker (story)
	Interiors	Woody Allen
	An Unmarried Woman	Paul Mazursky
1979 (52nd)
	Breaking Away	Steve Tesich
	All That Jazz	Robert Alan Aurthur (posthumous nomination) Bob Fosse
	...And Justice for All	Valerie Curtin Barry Levinson
	The China Syndrome	Mike Gray T.S. Cook James Bridges
	Manhattan	Woody Allen Marshall Brickman

Year	Film	Screenwriter(s)
1980 (53rd)
	Melvin and Howard	Bo Goldman
	Brubaker	W. D. Richter (story/screenplay) Arthur A. Ross (story)
	Fame	Christopher Gore
	Mon oncle d'Amérique	Jean Gruault Henri Laborit
	Private Benjamin	Nancy Meyers Charles Shyer Harvey Miller
1981 (54th)
	Chariots of Fire	Colin Welland
	Absence of Malice	Kurt Luedtke
	Arthur	Steve Gordon
	Atlantic City	John Guare
	Reds	Warren Beatty Trevor Griffiths
1982 (55th)
	Gandhi	John Briley
	Diner	Barry Levinson
	E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial	Melissa Mathison
	An Officer and a Gentleman	Douglas Day Stewart
	Tootsie	Larry Gelbart (story/screenplay) Murray Schisgal (screenplay) Don McGuire (story)
1983 (56th)
	Tender Mercies	Horton Foote
	The Big Chill	Lawrence Kasdan Barbara Benedek
	Fanny and Alexander	Ingmar Bergman
	Silkwood	Nora Ephron Alice Arlen
	WarGames	Lawrence Lasker Walter F. Parkes
1984 (57th)
	Places in the Heart	Robert Benton
	Beverly Hills Cop	Daniel Petrie, Jr. (story/screenplay) Danilo Bach (story)
	Broadway Danny Rose	Woody Allen
	El Norte	Gregory Nava (story) Anna Thomas (screenplay)
	Splash	Lowell Ganz (screenplay) Babaloo Mandel (screenplay) Bruce Jay Friedman (story/screenplay) Brian Grazer (story)
1985 (58th)
	Witness	William Kelley (story/screenplay) Earl Wallace (story/screenplay) Pamela Wallace (story)
	Back to the Future	Robert Zemeckis Bob Gale
	Brazil	Terry Gilliam Tom Stoppard Charles McKeown
	The Official Story	Luis Puenzo Aída Bortnik
	The Purple Rose of Cairo	Woody Allen
1986 (59th)
	Hannah and Her Sisters	Woody Allen
	"Crocodile" Dundee	Paul Hogan (story/screenplay) Ken Shadie (screenplay) John Cornell (screenplay)
	My Beautiful Laundrette	Hanif Kureishi
	Platoon	Oliver Stone
	Salvador	Oliver Stone Richard Boyle
1987 (60th)
	Moonstruck	John Patrick Shanley
	Au revoir, les enfants	Louis Malle
	Broadcast News	James L. Brooks
	Hope and Glory	John Boorman
	Radio Days	Woody Allen
1988 (61st)
	Rain Man	Ronald Bass (screenplay) Barry Morrow (story/screenplay)
	Big	Gary Ross Anne Spielberg
	Bull Durham	Ron Shelton
	A Fish Called Wanda	John Cleese (story/screenplay) Charles Crichton (story)
	Running on Empty	Naomi Foner
1989 (62nd)
	Dead Poets Society	Tom Schulman
	Crimes and Misdemeanors	Woody Allen
	Do the Right Thing	Spike Lee
	Sex, Lies, and Videotape	Steven Soderbergh
	When Harry Met Sally...	Nora Ephron

Year	Film	Screenwriter(s)
1990 (63rd)
	Ghost	Bruce Joel Rubin
	Alice	Woody Allen
	Avalon	Barry Levinson
	Green Card	Peter Weir
	Metropolitan	Whit Stillman
1991 (64th)
	Thelma & Louise	Callie Khouri
	Boyz n the Hood	John Singleton
	Bugsy	James Toback
	The Fisher King	Richard LaGravenese
	Grand Canyon	Lawrence Kasdan Meg Kasdan
1992 (65th)
	The Crying Game	Neil Jordan
	Husbands and Wives	Woody Allen
	Lorenzo's Oil	Nick Enright George Miller
	Passion Fish	John Sayles
	Unforgiven	David Webb Peoples
1993 (66th)
	The Piano	Jane Campion
	Dave	Gary Ross
	In the Line of Fire	Jeff Maguire
	Philadelphia	Ron Nyswaner
	Sleepless in Seattle	Jeff Arch (story/screenplay) Nora Ephron (screenplay) David S. Ward (screenplay)
1994 (67th)
	Pulp Fiction	Quentin Tarantino (story/screenplay) Roger Avary (story)
	Bullets Over Broadway	Woody Allen Douglas McGrath
	Four Weddings and a Funeral	Richard Curtis
	Heavenly Creatures	Peter Jackson Fran Walsh
	Three Colors: Red	Krzysztof Kieślowski Krzysztof Piesiewicz
1995 (68th)
	The Usual Suspects	Christopher McQuarrie
	Braveheart	Randall Wallace
	Mighty Aphrodite	Woody Allen
	Nixon	Stephen J. Rivele Christopher Wilkinson Oliver Stone
	Toy Story	Joss Whedon (screenplay) Andrew Stanton (story/screenplay) Joel Cohen (screenplay) Alec Sokolow (screenplay) John Lasseter (story) Pete Docter (story) Joe Ranft (story)
1996 (69th)
	Fargo	Joel Coen Ethan Coen
	Jerry Maguire	Cameron Crowe
	Lone Star	John Sayles
	Secrets & Lies	Mike Leigh
	Shine	Jan Sardi (screenplay) Scott Hicks (story)
1997 (70th)
	Good Will Hunting	Ben Affleck Matt Damon
	As Good as It Gets	Mark Andrus (story/screenplay) James L. Brooks (screenplay)
	Boogie Nights	Paul Thomas Anderson
	Deconstructing Harry	Woody Allen
	The Full Monty	Simon Beaufoy
1998 (71st)
	Shakespeare in Love	Marc Norman Tom Stoppard
	Bulworth	Warren Beatty (story/screenplay) Jeremy Pikser (screenplay)
	Life Is Beautiful	Roberto Benigni Vincenzo Cerami
	Saving Private Ryan	Robert Rodat
	The Truman Show	Andrew Niccol
1999 (72nd)
	American Beauty	Alan Ball
	Being John Malkovich	Charlie Kaufman
	Magnolia	Paul Thomas Anderson
	The Sixth Sense	M. Night Shyamalan
	Topsy-Turvy	Mike Leigh

Year	Film	Screenwriter(s)
2000 (73rd)
	Almost Famous	Cameron Crowe
	Billy Elliot	Lee Hall
	Erin Brockovich	Susannah Grant
	Gladiator	David Franzoni (story/screenplay) John Logan (screenplay) William Nicholson (screenplay)
	You Can Count on Me	Kenneth Lonergan
2001 (74th)
	Gosford Park	Julian Fellowes
	Amélie	Jean-Pierre Jeunet (story) Guillaume Laurant (story/screenplay)
	Memento	Christopher Nolan (screenplay) Jonathan Nolan (story)
	Monster's Ball	Milo Addica Will Rokos
	The Royal Tenenbaums	Wes Anderson Owen Wilson
2002 (75th)
	Talk to Her	Pedro Almodóvar
	Far from Heaven	Todd Haynes
	Gangs of New York	Jay Cocks (story/screenplay) Kenneth Lonergan (screenplay) Steven Zaillian (screenplay)
	My Big Fat Greek Wedding	Nia Vardalos
	Y tu mamá también	Alfonso Cuarón Carlos Cuarón
2003 (76th)
	Lost in Translation	Sofia Coppola
	The Barbarian Invasions	Denys Arcand
	Dirty Pretty Things	Steven Knight
	Finding Nemo	Andrew Stanton (story/screenplay) Bob Peterson (screenplay) David Reynolds (screenplay)
	In America	Jim Sheridan Kirsten Sheridan Naomi Sheridan
2004 (77th)
	Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind	Pierre Bismuth (story) Michel Gondry (story) Charlie Kaufman (story/screenplay)
	The Aviator	John Logan
	Hotel Rwanda	Terry George Keir Pearson
	The Incredibles	Brad Bird
	Vera Drake	Mike Leigh
2005 (78th)
	Crash	Paul Haggis (story/screenplay) Bobby Moresco (screenplay)
	Good Night, and Good Luck	George Clooney Grant Heslov
	Match Point	Woody Allen
	The Squid and the Whale	Noah Baumbach
	Syriana	Stephen Gaghan
2006 (79th)
	Little Miss Sunshine	Michael Arndt
	Babel	Guillermo Arriaga
	Letters from Iwo Jima	Paul Haggis (story) Iris Yamashita (story/screenplay)
	Pan's Labyrinth	Guillermo del Toro
	The Queen	Peter Morgan
2007 (80th)
	Juno	Diablo Cody
	Lars and the Real Girl	Nancy Oliver
	Michael Clayton	Tony Gilroy
	Ratatouille	Brad Bird
	The Savages	Tamara Jenkins
2008 (81st)
	Milk	Dustin Lance Black
	Frozen River	Courtney Hunt
	Happy-Go-Lucky	Mike Leigh
	In Bruges	Martin McDonagh
	WALL-E	Andrew Stanton (story/screenplay) Jim Reardon (screenplay) Pete Docter (story)
2009 (82nd)
	The Hurt Locker	Mark Boal
	Inglourious Basterds	Quentin Tarantino
	The Messenger	Alessandro Camon Oren Moverman
	A Serious Man	Joel Coen Ethan Coen
	Up	Bob Peterson (story/screenplay) Pete Docter (story/screenplay) Tom McCarthy (story)

Year	Film	Screenwriter(s)
2010 (83rd)
	The King's Speech	David Seidler
	Another Year	Mike Leigh
	The Fighter	Scott Silver (screenplay) Paul Tamasy (story/screenplay) Eric Johnson (screenplay) Keith Dorrington (story)
	Inception	Christopher Nolan
	The Kids Are All Right	Lisa Cholodenko Stuart Blumberg
2011 (84th)
	Midnight in Paris	Woody Allen
	The Artist	Michel Hazanavicius
	Bridesmaids	Kristen Wiig Annie Mumolo
	Margin Call	J.C. Chandor
	A Separation (جدایی نادر از سیمین/Jodái-e Náder az Simin)	Asghar Farhadi

Year	Film	Screenwriter(s)	Adapted from
1927/28 (1st)^[3]
	Seventh Heaven	Benjamin Glazer	The play Seventh Heaven by Austin Strong
	Glorious Betsy	Anthony Coldeway	The play Glorious Betsy by Rida Johnson Young
	The Jazz Singer	Alfred A. Cohn	The play Day of Atonement by Samson Raphaelson
1928/29 (2nd)^[4]
	The Patriot	Hanns Kräly	Ashley Dukes' translation of the play Der Patriot by Alfred Neumann The story "Paul I" by Dmitry Merezhkovsky
	The Cop	Elliott J. Clawson	— (original)
	In Old Arizona	Tom Barry	The story "The Caballero's Way" by O. Henry
	The Last of Mrs. Cheyney	Hanns Kräly	The play The Last of Mrs. Cheyney by Frederick Lonsdale
	The Leatherneck	Elliott J. Clawson	— (original)
	Our Dancing Daughters	Josephine Lovett	— (original)
	Sal of Singapore	Elliott J. Clawson	The story "The Sentimentalists" by Dale Collins
	Skyscraper	Elliott J. Clawson	A story by Dudley Murphy
	The Valiant	Tom Barry	The play The Valiant by Halworthy Hall and Robert Middlemass
	A Woman of Affairs	Bess Meredyth	The novel The Green Hat by Michael Arlen
	Wonder of Women	Bess Meredyth	The novel Die Frau des Steffen Tromholt by Hermann Sudermann

Year	Film	Screenwriter(s)	Adapted from
1929/30 (3rd)
	The Big House	Frances Marion	– (original)
	All Quiet on the Western Front	Maxwell Anderson (adaptation/dialogue) George Abbott (screenplay) Del Andrews (adaptation)	The novel All Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Maria Remarque
	Disraeli	Julien Josephson	The play Disraeli by Louis N. Parker
	The Divorcee	John Meehan	The novel Ex-Wife by Ursula Parrott
	Street of Chance	Howard Estabrook	A story by Oliver H. P. Garrett
1930/31 (4th)^[5]
	Cimarron	Howard Estabrook	*The novel Cimarron* by Edna Ferber**
	The Criminal Code	Seton I. Miller Fred Niblo, Jr.	The play The Criminal Code by Martin Flavin
	Holiday	Horace Jackson	The play Holiday by Philip Barry
	Little Caesar	Francis Edward Faragoh (screen version/dialogue) Robert N. Lee (continuity)	The novel Little Caesar by William R. Burnett
	Skippy	Joseph L. Mankiewicz Sam Mintz	The comic strip Skippy by Percy Crosby
1931/32 (5th)
	Bad Girl	Edwin J. Burke	The novel Bad Girl by Viña Delmar The play Bad Girl by Viña Delmar
	Arrowsmith	Sidney Howard	The novel Arrowsmith by Sinclair Lewis
	Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde	Percy Heath Samuel Hoffenstein	The novel Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson
1932/33 (6th)
	Little Women	Victor Heerman Sarah Y. Mason	*The novel Little Women* by Louisa May Alcott**
	Lady for a Day	Robert Riskin	The story "Madame la Gimp" by Damon Runyon
	State Fair	Paul Green Sonya Levien	The novel State Fair by Philip Stong
1934 (7th)
	It Happened One Night	Robert Riskin	The story "Night Bus" by Samuel Hopkins Adams
	The Thin Man	Albert Hackett Frances Goodrich	The novel The Thin Man by Dashiell Hammett
	Viva Villa!	Ben Hecht	The book Viva Villa! by Edgecumb Pinchon and O. B. Stade
1935 (8th)^[6]
	The Informer	Dudley Nichols (declined)	*The novel The Informer* by Liam O'Flaherty**
	The Lives of a Bengal Lancer	Waldemar Young (screenplay) John L. Balderston (screenplay) Achmed Abdullah (screenplay) Grover Jones (adaptation) William Slavens McNutt (adaptation)	The novel The Lives of a Bengal Lancer by Francis Yeats-Brown
	Mutiny on the Bounty	Talbot Jennings Jules Furthman Carey Wilson	The novel Mutiny on the Bounty by Charles Nordhoff and James Norman Hall
	Captain Blood (write-in candidate) (3rd)	Casey Robinson	The novel Captain Blood by Rafael Sabatini
1936 (9th)
	The Story of Louis Pasteur	Pierre Collings Sheridan Gibney	– (original)
	After the Thin Man	Frances Goodrich Albert Hackett	A story by Dashiell Hammett
	Dodsworth	Sidney Howard	The play Dodsworth by Sidney Howard, based on the novel Dodsworth by Sinclair Lewis
	Mr. Deeds Goes to Town	Robert Riskin	The story "Opera Hat" by Clarence Budington Kelland
	My Man Godfrey	Morrie Ryskind Eric Hatch	The story "1101 Park Avenue" by Eric Hatch
1937 (10th)
	The Life of Emile Zola	Heinz Herald Geza Herczeg Norman Reilly Raine	*The book Zola and His Time* by Matthew Josephson**
	The Awful Truth	Viña Delmar	The play The Awful Truth by Arthur Richman
	Captains Courageous	Marc Connelly John Lee Mahin Dale Van Every	The novel Captains Courageous by Rudyard Kipling
	Stage Door	Morrie Ryskind Anthony Veiller	The play Stage Door by Edna Ferber and George S. Kaufman
	A Star Is Born	Dorothy Parker Alan Campbell Robert Carson	A story by William A. Wellman and Robert Carson
1938 (11th)
	Pygmalion	Ian Dalrymple Cecil Lewis (scenario) W.P. Lipscomb (scenario) George Bernard Shaw (scenario and dialogue)	*The play Pygmalion* by George Bernard Shaw**
	Boys Town	John Meehan Dore Schary	A story by Dore Schary and Eleanore Griffin
	The Citadel	Ian Dalrymple Frank Wead Elizabeth Hill	The novel The Citadel by A. J. Cronin
	Four Daughters	Lenore J. Coffee Julius J. Epstein	The novel Sister Act by Fannie Hurst
	You Can't Take It with You	Robert Riskin	The play You Can't Take It with You by George S. Kaufman and Moss Hart
1939 (12th)
	Gone with the Wind	Sidney Howard (posthumous win)	*The novel Gone with the Wind* by Margaret Mitchell**
	Goodbye, Mr. Chips	R. C. Sherriff Claudine West Eric Maschwitz	The novel Goodbye, Mr. Chips by James Hilton
	Mr. Smith Goes to Washington	Sidney Buchman	A story by Lewis R. Foster
	Ninotchka	Charles Brackett Billy Wilder Walter Reisch	A story by Melchior Lengyel
	Wuthering Heights	Charles MacArthur Ben Hecht	The novel Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë

Year	Film	Screenwriter(s)	Adapted from
1940 (13th)
	The Philadelphia Story	Donald Ogden Stewart	*The play The Philadelphia Story* by Philip Barry**
	The Grapes of Wrath	Nunnally Johnson	The novel The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck
	Kitty Foyle: The Natural History of a Woman	Dalton Trumbo	The novel Kitty Foyle by Christopher Morley
	The Long Voyage Home	Dudley Nichols	The short play The Moon of the Caribees, by Eugene O'Neill The short play In the Zone by Eugene O'Neill The short play Bound East for Cardiff by Eugene O'Neill The short play The Long Voyage Home by Eugene O'Neill
	Rebecca	Robert E. Sherwood Joan Harrison	The novel Rebecca by Daphne du Maurier
1941 (13th)
	Here Comes Mr. Jordan	Sidney Buchman Seton I. Miller	*The play Heaven Can Wait* by Harry Segall**
	Hold Back the Dawn	Charles Brackett Billy Wilder	The story "Memo to a Movie Producer" by Ketti Frings
	How Green Was My Valley	Philip Dunne	The novel How Green Was My Valley by Richard Llewellyn
	The Little Foxes	Lillian Hellman	The play The Little Foxes by Lillian Hellman
	The Maltese Falcon	John Huston	The novel The Maltese Falcon by Dashiell Hammett\|-
1942 (15th)
	Mrs. Miniver	George Froeschel James Hilton Claudine West Arthur Wimperis	The character Mrs. Miniver, from the newspaper columns by Jan Struther
	49th Parallel	Rodney Ackland Emeric Pressburger	A story by Emeric Pressburger
	The Pride of the Yankees	Herman J. Mankiewicz Jo Swerling	A story by Paul Gallico
	Random Harvest	George Froeschel Claudine West Arthur Wimperis	The novel Random Harvest by James Hilton
	The Talk of the Town	Sidney Buchman Irwin Shaw	A story by Sidney Harmon
1943 (16th)
	Casablanca	Philip G. Epstein Julius J. Epstein Howard Koch	*The play Everybody Comes to Rick's* by Murray Burnett and Joan Alison**
	Holy Matrimony	Nunnally Johnson	The novel Buried Alive by Arnold Bennett
	The More the Merrier	Richard Flournoy Lewis R. Foster Frank Ross Robert Russell	A story by Frank Ross and Robert Russell
	The Song of Bernadette	George Seaton	The novel The Song of Bernadette by Franz Werfel
	Watch on the Rhine	Dashiell Hammett	The play Watch on the Rhine by Lillian Hellman
1944 (17th)
	Going My Way	Frank Butler Frank Cavett	A story by Leo McCarey
	Double Indemnity	Billy Wilder Raymond Chandler	The novel Double Indemnity in Three of a Kind by James M. Cain
	Gaslight	John Van Druten Walter Reisch John L. Balderston	The play Angel Street by Patrick Hamilton
	Laura	Jay Dratler Samuel Hoffenstein Betty Reinhardt	The novel Laura by Vera Caspary
	Meet Me in St. Louis	Irving Brecher Fred F. Finklehoffe	The novel Meet Me in St. Louis by Sally Benson
1945 (18th)
	The Lost Weekend	Charles Brackett Billy Wilder	*The novel The Lost Weekend* by Charles R. Jackson**
	Mildred Pierce	Ranald MacDougall	The novel Mildred Pierce by James M. Cain
	Pride of the Marines	Albert Maltz	The book Al Schmid, Marine by Roger Butterfield
	Story of G.I. Joe	Leopold Atlas Guy Endore Philip Stevenson	The book Brave Men by Ernie Pyle The book Here Is Your War by Ernie Pyle
	A Tree Grows in Brooklyn	Frank Davis Tess Slesinger (posthumous nomination)	The novel A Tree Grows in Brooklyn by Betty Smith
1946 (19th)
	The Best Years of Our Lives	Robert Sherwood	*The novel Glory for Me* by MacKinlay Kantor**
	Anna and the King of Siam	Sally Benson Talbot Jennings	The novel Anna and the King of Siam by Margaret Landon
	Brief Encounter	Anthony Havelock-Allan David Lean Ronald Neame	The play Still Life by Noël Coward
	The Killers	Anthony Veiller	The short story "The Killers" by Ernest Hemingway
	Rome, Open City	Sergio Amidei Federico Fellini	A story by Sergio Amidei and Alberto Consiglio
1947 (20th)
	Miracle on 34th Street	George Seaton	A story by Valentine Davies
	Boomerang	Sally Benson Talbot Jennings	The Reader's Digest article by Anthony Abbot
	Crossfire	John Paxton	The novel The Brick Foxhole by Richard Brooks
	Gentleman's Agreement	Moss Hart	The novel Gentleman's Agreement by Laura Z. Hobson
	Great Expectations	David Lean Ronald Neame Anthony Havelock-Allan	The novel Great Expectations by Charles Dickens
1948 (21st)
	The Treasure of the Sierra Madre	John Huston	*The novel The Treasure of the Sierra Madre* by B. Traven**
	A Foreign Affair	Charles Brackett Billy Wilder Richard L. Breen	A story by David Shaw
	Johnny Belinda	Irma von Cube Allen Vincent	The play Johnny Belinda by Elmer Blaney Harris
	The Search	Richard Schweizer David Wechsler	– (original)
	The Snake Pit	Frank Partos Millen Brand	The novel The Snake Pit by Mary Jane Ward
1949 (22nd)
	A Letter to Three Wives	Joseph L. Mankiewicz	*The novel Letter to Five Wives* by John Klempner**
	All the King's Men	Robert Rossen	The novel All the King's Men by Robert Penn Warren
	The Bicycle Thieves	Cesare Zavattini	The novel Bicycle Thief by Luigi Bartolini
	Champion	Carl Foreman	The short story "Champion" by Ring Lardner
	The Fallen Idol	Graham Greene	The short story "The Basement Room" by Graham Greene

Year	Film	Screenwriter(s)	Adapted from
1950 (23rd)
	All About Eve	Joseph L. Mankiewicz	The short story "The Wisdom of Eve" by Mary Orr
	The Asphalt Jungle	Ben Maddow John Huston	The novel The Asphalt Jungle by W.R. Burnett
	Born Yesterday	Albert Mannheimer	The play Born Yesterday by Garson Kanin
	Broken Arrow	Albert Maltz (front: Michael Blankfort)	The novel Blood Brother by Elliott Arnold
	Father of the Bride	Frances Goodrich Albert Hackett	The novel Father of the Bride by Edward Streeter
1951 (24th)
	A Place in the Sun	Harry Brown Michael Wilson	The novel An American Tragedy by Theodore Dreiser The play An American Tragedy by Patrick Kearney
	The African Queen	James Agee John Huston	The novel The African Queen by C.S. Forester
	Detective Story	Robert Wyler Philip Yordan	The play Detective Story by Sidney Kingsley
	La Ronde	Jacques Natanson Max Ophüls	The play Reigen by Arthur Schnitzler
	A Streetcar Named Desire	Tennessee Williams	The play A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams
1952 (25th)
	The Bad and the Beautiful	Charles Schnee	The story "Tribute to a Badman" by Charles Bradshaw
	5 Fingers	Michael Wilson	The novel Operation Cicero by L.C. Moyzisch
	High Noon	Carl Foreman	The story "The Tin Star" by John W. Cunningham
	The Man in the White Suit	John Dighton Roger MacDougall Alexander Mackendrick	The play The Man in the White Suit by Roger MacDougall
	The Quiet Man	Frank S. Nugent	The story "Green Rushes" by Maurice Walsh
1953 (26th)
	From Here to Eternity	Daniel Taradash	*The novel From Here to Eternity* by James Jones**
	The Cruel Sea	Eric Ambler	The novel The Cruel Sea by Nicholas Monsarrat
	Lili	Helen Deutsch	The story "Love of Seven Dolls" by Paul Gallico
	Roman Holiday	Ian McLellan Hunter John Dighton	A story by Dalton Trumbo (front: Ian McLellan Hunter)
	Shane	A.B. Guthrie Jr.	The novel Shane by Jack Schaefer
1954 (27th)
	The Country Girl	George Seaton	*The play The Country Girl* by Clifford Odets**
	The Caine Mutiny	Stanley Roberts	The novel The Caine Mutiny by Herman Wouk
	Rear Window	John Michael Hayes	The story "It Had to Be Murder" by Cornell Woolrich
	Sabrina	Billy Wilder Samuel Taylor Ernest Lehman	The novel Sabrina Fair by Samuel Taylor
	Seven Brides for Seven Brothers	Albert Hackett Frances Goodrich Dorothy Kingsley	The story "The Sobbin' Women" by Stephen Vincent Benét
1955 (28th)
	Marty	Paddy Chayefsky	*The teleplay Marty, written by Paddy Chayefsky*
	Bad Day at Black Rock	Millard Kaufman	The short story "Bad Time at Honda" by Howard Breslin
	Blackboard Jungle	Richard Brooks	The novel Blackboard Jungle by Evan Hunter
	East of Eden	Paul Osborn	The novel East of Eden by John Steinbeck
	Love Me or Leave Me	Daniel Fuchs Isobel Lennart	A story by Daniel Fuchs
1956 (29th)^[7]
	Around the World in Eighty Days	John Farrow S. J. Perelman James Poe	*The novel Around the World in Eighty Days* by Jules Verne**
	Baby Doll	Tennessee Williams	The short play Twenty-seven Wagons Full of Cotton by Tennessee Williams The short play The Unsatisfactory Supper by Tennessee Williams
	Friendly Persuasion	Michael Wilson (withdrawn from final ballot)^[8]	The novel The Friendly Persuasion by Jessamyn West
	Giant	Fred Guiol Ivan Moffat	The novel Giant by Edna Ferber
	Lust for Life	Norman Corwin	The novel Lust for Life by Irving Stone
1957 (30th)^[9]
	The Bridge on the River Kwai	Pierre Boulle Carl Foreman (front: Pierre Boulle) Michael Wilson (front: Pierre Boulle)^[1]^[10]	*The novel The Bridge over the River Kwai* by Pierre Boulle**
	Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison	John Huston John Lee Mahin	The novel Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison by Charles Shaw
	Peyton Place	John Michael Hayes	The novel Peyton Place by Grace Metalious
	Sayonara	Paul Osborn	The novel Sayonara by James Michener
	12 Angry Men	Reginald Rose	The teleplay Twelve Angry Men, written by Reginald Rose
1958 (31st)
	Gigi	Alan Jay Lerner	*The novella Gigi* by Colette**
	Cat on a Hot Tin Roof	Richard Brooks James Poe	The play Cat on a Hot Tin Roof by Tennessee Williams
	The Horse's Mouth	Alec Guinness	The novel The Horse's Mouth by Joyce Cary
	I Want to Live!	Nelson Gidding Don Mankiewicz	Articles by Ed Montgomery Letters by Barbara Graham
	Separate Tables	John Gay Terence Rattigan	The play Separate Tables by Terence Rattigan
1959 (32nd)
	Room at the Top	Neil Paterson	*The novel Room at the Top* by John Braine**
	Anatomy of a Murder	Wendell Mayes	The novel Anatomy of a Murder by Robert Traver
	Ben-Hur	Karl Tunberg	The novel Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ by General Lew Wallace
	The Nun's Story	Robert Anderson	The novel The Nun's Story by Kathryn Hulme
	Some Like It Hot	Billy Wilder I.A.L. Diamond	A story suggested by Robert Thoeren and M. Logan

Year	Film	Screenwriter(s)	Adapted from
1960 (33rd)
	Elmer Gantry	Richard Brooks	*The novel Elmer Gantry* by Sinclair Lewis**
	Inherit the Wind	Nedrick Young (front: Nathan E. Douglas)^[11] Harold Jacob Smith	The play Inherit the Wind by Jerome Lawrence and Robert Edwin Lee
	Sons and Lovers	Gavin Lambert T.E.B. Clarke	The novel Sons and Lovers by D. H. Lawrence
	The Sundowners	Isobel Lennart	The novel The Sundowners by Jon Cleary
	Tunes of Glory	James Kennaway	The novel Tunes of Glory by James Kennaway
1961 (34th)
	Judgment at Nuremberg	Abby Mann	*The teleplay Judgment at Nuremberg, written by Abby Mann*
	Breakfast at Tiffany's	George Axelrod	The novella Breakfast at Tiffany's by Truman Capote
	The Guns of Navarone	Carl Foreman	The novel The Guns of Navarone by Alistair MacLean
	The Hustler	Sydney Carroll Robert Rossen	The novel The Hustler by Walter Tevis
	West Side Story	Ernest Lehman	The play West Side Story, book by Arthur Laurents, lyrics by Stephen Sondheim
1962 (35th)
	To Kill a Mockingbird	Horton Foote	*The novel To Kill a Mockingbird* by Harper Lee**
	David and Lisa	Eleanor Perry	The story "Lisa and David" by Theodore Isaac Rubin
	Lawrence of Arabia	Robert Bolt Michael Wilson (not on original ballot)^[12]	The writings of T. E. Lawrence
	Lolita	Vladimir Nabokov	The novel Lolita by Vladimir Nabokov
	The Miracle Worker	William Gibson	The play The Miracle Worker by William Gibson
1963 (36th)
	Tom Jones	John Osborne	*The novel The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling* by Henry Fielding**
	Captain Newman, M.D.	Richard L. Breen Henry Ephron Phoebe Ephron	The novel Captain Newman, M.D. by Leo Rosten
	Hud	Irving Ravetch Harriet Frank, Jr.	The novel Horseman, Pass By by Larry McMurtry
	Lilies of the Field	James Poe	The novel Lilies of the Field by William E. Barrett
	Sundays and Cybele	Serge Bourguignon (scenario/dialogue) Antoine Tudal (scenario)	The novel Les Dimanches de Ville d'Avray by Bernard Eschassériaux
1964 (37th)
	Becket	Edward Anhalt	*The play Becket* by Jean Anouilh**
	Dr. Strangelove	Stanley Kubrick Terry Southern Peter George	The novel Red Alert by Peter George
	Mary Poppins	Bill Walsh Don DaGradi	The Mary Poppins series by P.L. Travers
	My Fair Lady	Alan Jay Lerner	The play My Fair Lady, book by Alan Jay Lerner The play Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw
	Zorba the Greek	Michael Cacoyannis	The novel The Life of Alexis Zorba by Nikos Kazantzakis
1965 (38th)
	Doctor Zhivago	Robert Bolt	*The novel Doctor Zhivago* by Boris Pasternak**
	Cat Ballou	Walter Newman Frank R. Pierson	The novel The Ballad of Cat Ballou by Roy Chanslor
	The Collector	Stanley Mann John Kohn	The novel The Collector by John Fowles
	Ship of Fools	Abby Mann	The novel Ship of Fools by Katherine Anne Porter
	A Thousand Clowns	Herb Gardner	The play A Thousand Clowns by Herb Gardner
1966 (39th)
	A Man for All Seasons	Robert Bolt	*The play A Man for All Seasons* by Robert Bolt**
	Alfie	Bill Naughton	The play Alfie by Bill Naughton
	The Professionals	Richard Brooks	The novel A Mule for the Marquesa by Frank O'Rourke
	The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming	William Rose	The novel Off-Islanders by Nathaniel Benchley
	Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?	Ernest Lehman	The play Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? by Edward Albee
1967 (40th)
	In the Heat of the Night	Stirling Silliphant	*The novel In the Heat of the Night* by John Ball**
	Cool Hand Luke	Donn Pearce Frank R. Pierson	The novel Cool Hand Luke by Donn Pearce
	The Graduate	Calder Willingham Buck Henry	The novel The Graduate by Charles Webb
	In Cold Blood	Richard Brooks	The novel In Cold Blood by Truman Capote
	Ulysses	Joseph Strick Fred Haines	The novel Ulysses by James Joyce
1968 (41st)
	The Lion in Winter	James Goldman	*The play The Lion in Winter* by James Goldman**
	The Odd Couple	Neil Simon	The play The Odd Couple by Neil Simon
	Oliver!	Vernon Harris	The musical Oliver!, book by Lionel Bart The novel Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens
	Rachel, Rachel	Stewart Stern	The novel A Jest of God by Margaret Laurence
	Rosemary's Baby	Roman Polanski	The novel Rosemary's Baby by Ira Levin
1969 (42nd)
	Midnight Cowboy	Waldo Salt	*The novel Midnight Cowboy* by James Leo Herlihy**
	Anne of the Thousand Days	John Hale (writer) Bridget Boland (writer) Richard Sokolove (adaptation)	The play Anne of the Thousand Days by Maxwell Anderson
	Goodbye, Columbus	Arnold Schulman	The novel Goodbye, Columbus by Philip Roth
	They Shoot Horses, Don't They?	James Poe Robert E. Thompson	The novel They Shoot Horses, Don't They? by Horace McCoy
	Z	Jorge Semprún Costa-Gavras	The novel Z by Vassilis Vassilikos

Year	Film	Screenwriter(s)	Adapted from
1970 (43rd)
	MASH	Ring Lardner Jr.	*The novel MASH: A Novel About Three Army Doctors* by Richard Hooker**
	Airport	George Seaton	The novel Airport by Arthur Hailey
	I Never Sang for My Father	Robert Anderson	The play I Never Sang for My Father by Robert Anderson
	Lovers and Other Strangers	Joseph Bologna David Zelag Goodman Renée Taylor	The play Lovers and Other Strangers by Joseph Bologna and Renée Taylor
	Women in Love	Larry Kramer	The novel Women in Love by D. H. Lawrence
1971 (44th)
	The French Connection	Ernest Tidyman	*The book The French Connection: A True Account of Cops, Narcotics, and International Conspiracy* by Robin Moore**
	A Clockwork Orange	Stanley Kubrick	The novel A Clockwork Orange by Anthony Burgess
	The Conformist	Bernardo Bertolucci	The novel Il Conformista by Alberto Moravia
	The Garden of the Finzi Continis	Ugo Pirro Vittorio Bonicelli	The novel The Garden of the Finzi-Continis by Giorgio Bassani
	The Last Picture Show	Larry McMurtry Peter Bogdanovich	The novel The Last Picture Show by Larry McMurtry
1972 (45th)
	The Godfather	Mario Puzo Francis Ford Coppola	*The novel The Godfather* by Mario Puzo**
	Cabaret	Jay Presson Allen	The musical Cabaret, book by Joe Masteroff
	The Emigrants	Bengt Forslund Jan Troell	The novel The Emigrants by Vilhelm Moberg The novel Unto a Good Land by Vilhelm Moberg
	Pete 'n' Tillie	Julius J. Epstein	The story "Witch's Milk" by Peter De Vries
	Sounder	Lonne Elder III	The novel Sounder by William H. Armstrong
1973 (46th)
	The Exorcist	William Peter Blatty	*The novel The Exorcist* by William Peter Blatty**
	The Last Detail	Robert Towne	The novel The Last Detail by Darryl Ponicsan
	The Paper Chase	James Bridges	The novel The Paper Chase by John Jay Osborn, Jr.
	Paper Moon	Alvin Sargent	The novel Addie Pray by Joe David Brown
	Serpico	Waldo Salt Norman Wexler	The book Serpico by Peter Maas
1974 (47th)^[13]
	The Godfather Part II	Francis Ford Coppola Mario Puzo	*The novel The Godfather* by Mario Puzo**
	The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz	Lionel Chetwynd (adaptation) Mordecai Richler (novel)	The novel The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz by Mordecai Richler
	Lenny	Julian Barry	The play Lenny by Julian Barry
	Murder on the Orient Express	Paul Dehn	The novel Murder on the Orient Express by Agatha Christie
	Young Frankenstein	Gene Wilder Mel Brooks	The novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley
1975 (48th)
	One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest	Bo Goldman Laurence Hauben	*The novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest* by Ken Kesey**
	Barry Lyndon	Stanley Kubrick	The novel The Memoirs of Barry Lyndon, Esq. by William Makepeace Thackeray
	The Man Who Would Be King	John Huston Gladys Hill	The story "The Man Who Would Be King" by Rudyard Kipling
	Profumo di donna	Ruggero Maccari Dino Risi	The novel Il buio e il mare by Giovanni Arpino
	The Sunshine Boys	Neil Simon	The play The Sunshine Boys by Neil Simon
1976 (49th)^[14]
	All the President's Men	William Goldman	*The book All the President's Men* by Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward**
	Bound for Glory	Robert Getchell	The book Bound for Glory by Woody Guthrie
	Fellini's Casanova	Federico Fellini Bernardino Zapponi	The autobiography Histoire de ma vie by Giacomo Casanova
	The Seven-Per-Cent Solution	Nicholas Meyer	The novel The Seven-Per-Cent Solution by Nicholas Meyer
	Voyage of the Damned	David Butler Steve Shagan	The book Voyage of the Damned by Gordon Thomas; co-authored by Max Morgan Witts
1977 (50th)
	Julia	Alvin Sargent	*The novel Pentimento* by Lillian Hellman**
	Equus	Peter Shaffer	The play Equus by Peter Shaffer
	I Never Promised You a Rose Garden	Gavin Lambert Lewis John Carlino	The novel I Never Promised You a Rose Garden by Hannah Greene
	Oh, God!	Larry Gelbart	The novel Oh, God! by Avery Corman
	That Obscure Object of Desire	Luis Buñuel (scenario) Jean-Claude Carrière (collaboration)	The novel La femme et le pantin by Pierre Louÿs
1978 (51st)
	Midnight Express	Oliver Stone	*The book Midnight Express* by Billy Hayes and William Hoffer**
	Bloodbrothers	Walter Newman	The novel Bloodbrothers by Richard Price
	California Suite	Neil Simon	The play California Suite by Neil Simon
	Heaven Can Wait	Elaine May Warren Beatty	The play Heaven Can Wait by Harry Seagal
	Same Time, Next Year	Bernard Slade	The play Same Time, Next Year by Bernard Slade
1979 (52nd)
	Kramer vs. Kramer	Robert Benton	*The novel Kramer vs. Kramer* by Avery Corman**
	Apocalypse Now	John Milius Francis Ford Coppola	The novel Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad
	La Cage aux folles	Marcello Danon Edouard Molinaro Jean Poiret Francis Veber	The play La Cage aux Folles by Jean Poiret
	A Little Romance	Allan Burns	The novel E=MC2 mon amour by Patrick Cauvin
	Norma Rae	Harriet Frank, Jr. Irving Ravetch	The book Crystal Lee, a Woman of Inheritance by Hank Leiferman

Year	Film	Screenwriter(s)	Adapted from
1980 (53rd)
	Ordinary People	Alvin Sargent	*The novel Ordinary People* by Judith Guest**
	Breaker Morant	Jonathan Hardy David Stevens Bruce Beresford	The play Breaker Morant by Kenneth G. Ross
	Coal Miner's Daughter	Tom Rickman	The book Coal Miner's Daughter by Loretta Lynn and George Vecsey
	The Elephant Man	Christopher De Vore Eric Bergren David Lynch	The book The Elephant Man and Other Reminiscences by Sir Frederick Treves The book The Elephant Man: A Study in Human Dignity by Ashley Montagu
	The Stunt Man	Lawrence B. Marcus (screenplay) Richard Rush (adaptation)	The novel The Stunt Man by Paul Brodeur
1981 (54th)
	On Golden Pond	Ernest Thompson	*The play On Golden Pond* by Ernest Thompson**
	The French Lieutenant's Woman	Harold Pinter	The novel The French Lieutenant's Woman by John Fowles
	Pennies from Heaven	Dennis Potter	The television miniseries Pennies from Heaven, written by Dennis Potter
	Prince of the City	Jay Presson Allen Sidney Lumet	The book Prince of the City: The True Story of a Cop Who Knew Too Much by Robert Daley
	Ragtime	Michael Weller	The novel Ragtime by E.L. Doctorow
1982 (55th)
	Missing	Costa-Gavras Donald Stewart	*The book The Execution of Charles Horman: An American Sacrifice* by Thomas Hauser**
	Das Boot	Wolfgang Petersen	The novel Das Boot by Lothar G. Buchheim
	Sophie's Choice	Alan J. Pakula	The novel Sophie's Choice by William Styron
	The Verdict	David Mamet	The novel The Verdict by Barry Reed
	Victor/Victoria	Blake Edwards	The film Viktor und Viktoria, written by Reinhold Schünzel
1983 (56th)
	Terms of Endearment	James L. Brooks	*The novel Terms of Endearment* by Larry McMurtry**
	Betrayal	Harold Pinter	The play Betrayal by Harold Pinter
	The Dresser	Ronald Harwood	The play The Dresser by Ronald Harwood
	Educating Rita	Willy Russell	The play Educating Rita by Willy Russell
	Reuben, Reuben	Julius J. Epstein	The play Spoonford by Herman Shumlin
1984 (57th)
	Amadeus	Peter Shaffer	*The play Amadeus* by Peter Shaffer**
	Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes	P.H. Vazak^[15] Michael Austin	The novel Tarzan of the Apes by Edgar Rice Burroughs
	The Killing Fields	Bruce Robinson	The article "The Death and Life of Dith Pran" by Sydney Schanberg
	A Passage to India	David Lean	The novel A Passage to India by E.M. Forster
	A Soldier's Story	Charles Fuller	The play A Soldier's Play by Charles Fuller
1985 (58th)
	Out of Africa	Kurt Luedtke	The memoir Out of Africa Isak Dinesen The book Silence Will Speak by Errol Trzebinski The book Isak Dinesen: The Life of a Storyteller by Judith Thurman
	The Color Purple	Menno Meyjes	The novel The Color Purple by Alice Walker
	Kiss of the Spider Woman	Leonard Schrader	The novel Kiss of the Spider Woman by Manuel Puig
	Prizzi's Honor	Richard Condon Janet Roach	The novel Prizzi's Honor by Richard Condon
	The Trip to Bountiful	Horton Foote	The teleplay play The Trip to Bountiful, written by Horton Foote
1986 (59th)
	A Room with a View	Ruth Prawer Jhabvala	*The novel A Room with a View* by E.M. Forster**
	Children of a Lesser God	Hesper Anderson Mark Medoff	The play Children of a Lesser God by Mark Medoff
	The Color of Money	Richard Price	The novel The Color of Money by Walter Tevis
	Crimes of the Heart	Beth Henley	The play Crimes of the Heart by Beth Henley
	Stand by Me	Raynold Gideon Bruce A. Evans	The novella The Body by Stephen King
1987 (60th)
	The Last Emperor	Bernardo Bertolucci Mark Peploe	*The autobiography From Emperor to Citizen: The Autobiography of Aisin-Gioro Pu Yi* by Henry Pu Yi**
	The Dead	Tony Huston	The short story "The Dead" by James Joyce
	Fatal Attraction	James Dearden	The teleplay Diversion, written by James Dearden
	Full Metal Jacket	Gustav Hasford Michael Herr Stanley Kubrick	The novel The Short-Timers by Gustav Hasford
	My Life as a Dog	Brasse Brännström Per Berglund Lasse Hallström Reidar Jönsson	The novel Mitt liv som hund by Reidar Jönsson
1988 (61st)
	Dangerous Liaisons	Christopher Hampton	*The play Les Liaisons Dangereuses* by Christopher Hampton from the novel of the same name by Pierre Choderlos de Laclos**
	The Accidental Tourist	Frank Galati Lawrence Kasdan	The novel The Accidental Tourist by Anne Tyler
	Gorillas in the Mist: The Story of Dian Fossey	Anna Hamilton Phelan (story/screenplay) Tab Murphy (story)	An article by Harold T.P. Hayes
	Little Dorrit	Christine Edzard	The novel Little Dorrit by Charles Dickens
	The Unbearable Lightness of Being	Jean-Claude Carrière Philip Kaufman	The novel The Unbearable Lightness of Being by Milan Kundera
1989 (62nd)
	Driving Miss Daisy	Alfred Uhry	*The play Driving Miss Daisy* by Alfred Uhry**
	Born on the Fourth of July	Ron Kovic Oliver Stone	The book Born on the Fourth of July by Ron Kovic
	Enemies, A Love Story	Paul Mazursky Roger L. Simon	The novel Enemies, a Love Story by Isaac Bashevis Singer
	Field of Dreams	Phil Alden Robinson	The novel Shoeless Joe by W.P. Kinsella
	My Left Foot	Shane Connaughton Jim Sheridan	The book My Left Foot by Christy Brown

Year	Film	Screenwriter(s)	Adapted from
1990 (63rd)
	Dances with Wolves	Michael Blake	*The novel Dances with Wolves* by Michael Blake**
	Awakenings	Steven Zaillian	The book Awakenings by Oliver Sacks
	Goodfellas	Nicholas Pileggi Martin Scorsese	The book Wiseguy by Nicholas Pileggi
	The Grifters	Donald E. Westlake	The novel The Grifters by Jim Thompson
	Reversal of Fortune	Nicholas Kazan	The book Reversal of Fortune: Inside the von Bülow Case by Alan M. Dershowitz
1991 (64th)^[16]
	The Silence of the Lambs	Ted Tally	*The novel The Silence of the Lambs* by Thomas Harris**
	Europa Europa	Agnieszka Holland	The book I Was Hitler Youth Salomon by Solomon Perel
	Fried Green Tomatoes	Fannie Flagg Carol Sobieski (posthumous nomination)	The novel Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafe by Fannie Flagg
	JFK	Oliver Stone Zachary Sklar	The book Crossfire: The Plot That Killed Kennedy by Jim Marrs the book On the Trail of the Assassins by Jim Garrison
	The Prince of Tides	Pat Conroy Becky Johnston	The novel The Prince of Tides by Pat Conroy
1992 (65th)
	Howards End	Ruth Prawer Jhabvala	*The novel Howards End* by E.M. Forster**
	Enchanted April	Peter Barnes	The novel Enchanted April by Elizabeth von Arnim
	The Player	Michael Tolkin	The novel The Player by Michael Tolkin
	A River Runs Through It	Richard Friedenberg	The short story "A River Runs Through It" by Norman Maclean
	Scent of a Woman	Bo Goldman	The novel Il Buio E Il Miele by Giovanni Arpino The film Profuma di Donna, written by Ruggero Maccari and Dino Risi
1993 (66th)
	Schindler's List	Steven Zaillian	*The novel Schindler's Ark* by Thomas Keneally**
	The Age of Innocence	Jay Cocks Martin Scorsese	The novel The Age of Innocence by Edith Wharton
	In the Name of the Father	Terry George Jim Sheridan	The book Proved Innocent by Gerry Conlon
	The Remains of the Day	Ruth Prawer Jhabvala	The novel The Remains of the Day by Kazuo Ishiguro
	Shadowlands	William Nicholson	The play Shadowlands by William Nicholson
1994 (67th)
	Forrest Gump	Eric Roth	*The novel Forrest Gump* by Winston Groom**
	The Madness of King George	Alan Bennett	The play The Madness of George III by Alan Bennett
	Nobody's Fool	Robert Benton	The novel Nobody's Fool by Richard Russo
	Quiz Show	Paul Attanasio	The book Remembering America: A Voice from the Sixties by Richard N. Goodwin
	The Shawshank Redemption	Frank Darabont	The short story "Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption" by Stephen King
1995 (68th)
	Sense and Sensibility	Emma Thompson	*The novel Sense and Sensibility* by Jane Austen**
	Apollo 13	William Broyles, Jr. Al Reinert	The book Lost Moon by Jim Lovell and Jeffrey Kluger
	Babe	George Miller Chris Noonan	The novel The Sheep-Pig by Dick King-Smith
	Leaving Las Vegas	Mike Figgis	The novel Leaving Las Vegas by John O'Brien
	Il Postino	Anna Pavignano (screenplay) Michael Radford (screenplay) Furio Scarpelli (story/screenplay) Giacomo Scarpelli (story/screenplay) Massimo Troisi (screenplay) (posthumous nomination)	The novel Ardiente Paciencia by Antonio Skármeta
1996 (69th)
	Sling Blade	Billy Bob Thornton	*The short film Some Folks Call It a Sling Blade, written by Billy Bob Thornton*
	The Crucible	Arthur Miller	The play The Crucible by Arthur Miller
	The English Patient	Anthony Minghella	The novel The English Patient by Michael Ondaatje
	Hamlet	Kenneth Branagh	The play Hamlet by William Shakespeare
	Trainspotting	John Hodge	The novel Trainspotting by Irvine Welsh
1997 (70th)
	L.A. Confidential	Curtis Hanson Brian Helgeland	*The novel L.A. Confidential* by James Ellroy**
	Donnie Brasco	Paul Attanasio	The book Donnie Brasco: My Undercover Life in the Mafia by Joseph D. Pistone and Richard Woodley
	The Sweet Hereafter	Atom Egoyan	The novel The Sweet Hereafter by Russell Banks
	Wag the Dog	Hilary Henkin David Mamet	The novel American Hero by Larry Beinhart
	The Wings of the Dove	Hossein Amini	The novel The Wings of the Dove by Henry James
1998 (71st)
	Gods and Monsters	Bill Condon	*The novel Father of Frankenstein* by Christopher Bram**
	Out of Sight	Scott Frank	The novel Out of Sight by Elmore Leonard
	Primary Colors	Elaine May	The novel Primary Colors by Joe Klein
	A Simple Plan	Scott Smith	The novel A Simple Plan by Scott Smith
	The Thin Red Line	Terrence Malick	The novel The Thin Red Line by James Jones
1999 (72nd)
	The Cider House Rules	John Irving	*The novel The Cider House Rules* by John Irving**
	Election	Alexander Payne Jim Taylor	The novel Election by Tom Perrotta
	The Green Mile	Frank Darabont	The novel The Green Mile by Stephen King
	The Insider	Michael Mann Eric Roth	The article "The Man Who Knew Too Much" by Marie Brenner
	The Talented Mr. Ripley	Anthony Minghella	The novel The Talented Mr. Ripley by Patricia Highsmith

Year	Film	Screenwriter(s)	Adapted from
2000 (73rd)
	Traffic	Stephen Gaghan	*The teleplay Traffik, written by Simon Moore*
	Chocolat	Robert Nelson Jacobs	The novel Chocolat by Joanne Harris
	Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon	Hui-Ling Wang James Schamus Kuo Jung Tsai	The novel Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon by Wang Dulu
	O Brother, Where Art Thou?	Joel Coen Ethan Coen	The epic poem The Odyssey by Homer
	Wonder Boys	Steve Kloves	The book Wonder Boys by Michael Chabon
2001 (74th)
	A Beautiful Mind	Akiva Goldsman	*The book A Beautiful Mind* by Sylvia Nasar**
	Ghost World	Daniel Clowes Terry Zwigoff	The graphic novel Ghost World by Daniel Clowes
	In the Bedroom	Todd Field Rob Festinger	The short story "Killings" by Andre Dubus
	The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring	Fran Walsh Philippa Boyens Peter Jackson	The novel The Fellowship of the Ring by J. R. R. Tolkien
	Shrek	Ted Elliott Terry Rossio Joe Stillman Roger S. H. Schulman	The picture book Shrek! by William Steig
2002 (75th)^[17]
	The Pianist	Ronald Harwood	*The book The Pianist* by Władysław Szpilman**
	About a Boy	Peter Hedges Chris Weitz Paul Weitz	The novel About a Boy by Nick Hornby
	Adaptation	Charlie Kaufman Donald Kaufman^[18]	The book The Orchid Thief by Susan Orlean
	Chicago	Bill Condon	The musical play Chicago, book by Bob Fosse and Fred Ebb
	The Hours	David Hare	The novel The Hours by Michael Cunningham
2003 (76th)
	The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King	Fran Walsh Philippa Boyens Peter Jackson	*The novel The Return of the King* by J. R. R. Tolkien**
	American Splendor	Shari Springer Robert Pulcini	The comic book series American Splendor by Harvey Pekar The comic book series Our Cancer Year by Joyce Brabner
	City of God	Bráulio Mantovani	The novel City of God by Paulo Lins
	Mystic River	Brian Helgeland	The novel Mystic River by Dennis Lehane
	Seabiscuit	Gary Ross	The book Seabiscuit: An American Legend by Laura Hillenbrand
2004 (77th)
	Sideways	Alexander Payne Jim Taylor	*The novel Sideways* by Rex Pickett**
	Before Sunset	Richard Linklater (story/screenplay) Kim Krizan (story) Julie Delpy (screenplay) Ethan Hawke (screenplay)	Characters from the film Before Sunrise, written by Richard Linklater and Kim Krizan
	Finding Neverland	David Magee	The play The Man Who Was Peter Pan by Allan Knee
	Million Dollar Baby	Paul Haggis	The book Rope Burns: Stories from the Corner by F.X. Toole
	The Motorcycle Diaries	José Rivera	The book Con el Che por America Latina by Alberto Granado The book The Motorcycle Diaries by Che Guevara
2005 (78th)
	Brokeback Mountain	Larry McMurtry Diana Ossana	The short story "Brokeback Mountain" by Annie Proulx
	Capote	Dan Futterman	The book Capote by Gerald Clarke
	The Constant Gardener	Jeffrey Caine	The novel The Constant Gardener by John le Carré
	A History of Violence	Josh Olson	The graphic novel A History of Violence by John Wagner and Vince Locke
	Munich	Tony Kushner Eric Roth	The book Vengeance: The True Story of an Israeli Counter-Terrorist Team by George Jonas
2006 (79th)
	The Departed	William Monahan	*The film Infernal Affairs, written by Alan Mak and Felix Chong*
	Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan	Sacha Baron Cohen (story/screenplay) Peter Baynham (story/screenplay) Anthony Hines (story/screenplay) Dan Mazer (screenplay) Todd Phillips (story)	The character Borat Sagdiyev, from the television series Da Ali G Show, created by Sacha Baron Cohen
	Children of Men	Alfonso Cuarón Timothy J. Sexton David Arata Mark Fergus Hawk Ostby	The novel The Children of Men by P. D. James
	Little Children	Todd Field Tom Perrotta	The novel Little Children by Tom Perrotta
	Notes on a Scandal	Patrick Marber	The novel Notes on a Scandal by Zoë Heller
2007 (80th)
	No Country for Old Men	Joel Coen Ethan Coen	*The novel No Country for Old Men* by Cormac McCarthy**
	Atonement	Christopher Hampton	The novel Atonement by Ian McEwan
	Away from Her	Sarah Polley	The short story "The Bear Went Over the Mountain" by Alice Munro
	The Diving Bell and the Butterfly	Ronald Harwood	The book The Diving Bell and the Butterfly by Jean-Dominique Bauby
	There Will Be Blood	Paul Thomas Anderson	The novel Oil! by Upton Sinclair
2008 (81st)
	Slumdog Millionaire	Simon Beaufoy	*The novel Q & A* by Vikas Swarup**
	The Curious Case of Benjamin Button	Eric Roth (story/screenplay) Robin Swicord (story)	The short story "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button" by F. Scott Fitzgerald
	Doubt	John Patrick Shanley	The play Doubt: A Parable by John Patrick Shanley
	Frost/Nixon	Peter Morgan	The play Frost/Nixon by Peter Morgan
	The Reader	David Hare	The novel The Reader by Bernhard Schlink
2009 (82nd)
	Precious: Based on the Novel "Push" by Sapphire	Geoffrey Fletcher	*The novel Push* by Sapphire**
	District 9	Neill Blomkamp Terri Tatchell	The short film Alive in Joburg written by Neill Blomkamp
	An Education	Nick Hornby	The book An Education by Lynn Barber
	In the Loop	Jesse Armstrong Simon Blackwell Armando Iannucci Tony Roche	The character Malcolm Tucker, from the television series The Thick of It, created by Armando Iannucci
	Up in the Air	Jason Reitman Sheldon Turner	The novel Up in the Air by Walter Kirn

Year	Film	Screenwriter(s)	Adapted from
2010 (83rd)
	The Social Network	Aaron Sorkin	*The book The Accidental Billionaires* by Ben Mezrich**
	127 Hours	Danny Boyle Simon Beaufoy	The book Between a Rock and a Hard Place by Aron Ralston
	Toy Story 3	Michael Arndt (screenplay) John Lasseter (story) Andrew Stanton (story) Lee Unkrich (story)	Characters from the film Toy Story, written by John Lasseter, Pete Docter, Andrew Stanton, Joe Ranft, Joss Whedon, Joel Cohen, and Alec Sokolow Characters from the film Toy Story 2, written by John Lasseter, Pete Docter, Ash Brannon, Andrew Stanton, Rita Hsiao, Doug Chamberlin, and Chris Webb
	True Grit	Joel Coen Ethan Coen	The novel True Grit by Charles Portis.
	Winter's Bone	Debra Granik Anne Rosellini	The novel Winter's Bone by Daniel Woodrell
2011 (84th)
	The Descendants	Alexander Payne Nat Faxon Jim Rash	*The novel The Descendants* by Kaui Hart Hemmings**
	Hugo	John Logan	The novel The Invention of Hugo Cabret by Brian Selznick
	The Ides of March	George Clooney Grant Heslov Beau Willimon	The play Farragut North by Beau Willimon
	Moneyball	Steven Zaillian (screenplay) Aaron Sorkin (screenplay) Stan Chervin (story)	The book Moneyball by Michael Lewis.
	Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy	Bridget O'Connor (posthumous nomination) Peter Straughan	The novel Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy by John le Carré

Dustin Lance Black
Dustin Lance Black at the 81st Academy Awards.
Born	(1974-06-10) June 10, 1974 (age 38) Sacramento, California
Occupation	Screenwriter, film director, film producer
Nationality	American
Alma mater	UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television '96
Notable work(s)	Big Love (2006 – 2011) Milk (2008) 8 (2011)
Notable award(s)	Academy Awards Best Original Screenplay 2008 Milk
www.dustinlanceblack.com

Persondata
Name	Black, Dustin Lance
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	June 10, 1974
Place of birth	San Antonio, Texas
Date of death
Place of death

David Seidler
Born	1937 London, ^[1] England, United Kingdom
Occupation	playwright, screenwriter
Notable work(s)	The King's Speech

Persondata
Name	Seidler, David
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	1937
Place of birth	London, England, United Kingdom
Date of death
Place of death

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