published: 13 Mar 2009
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![Szeged Bus & Trolleybus [1080p]](http://web.archive.org./web/20121024131328im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/QXBAyBSKiK0/0.jpg "Beside the tram Szeged also has a trolleybus network as one of three cities in Hungary. The fleet consists of different types with the majority of them built by Skoda. However there are also the worldwide unique Citaro trolleybusses that were rebuilt from diesel busses. As for some reasons I don´t know some courses(and line 8 completely) were serviced with diesel busses I decided to mix trolleybusses and normal busses into one video as it doesn´t make that much sense to put them in extra videos. The green diesel busses are owned by SZKT, there are different types in service like Ikarus 280 (ex-Budapest) and Ikarus 417 ex-Wuppertal beside Citaro busses. The blue-white busses are owned by Tisza Volán which serves different lines in Szeged. Their Ikarus-fleet is mainly natural gas-powered. ---------------- Szeged ist eine von drei Städten in Ungarn, die ein O-Bus-System besitzt. Die Fahrzeugflotte umfaßt derzeit verschiedene Typen, wobei die meisten Busse von Skoda sind. Weltweit einmalig sind die zu O-Bussen umgebauten Citaros. Aus irgendwelchen Gründen fuhren einige Kurse mit Dieselbussen, die Linie 8 sogar komplett. Ich habe daher Dieselbusse und O-Busse in ein Video gemischt, da eine Trennung nicht sinnvoll wäre. Die Dieselbus-Flotte von SZKT umfaßt verschiedene Typen wie Ikarus 280(davon einige gebraucht aus Budapest übernommen), Ikarus 417 aus Wuppertal und Citaros. Die blau-weißen Busse hingegen werden von Tisza Volán betrieben, die meisten davon mit Erdgasantrieb.")
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Béla Balázs
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Béla Szőkefalvi-Nagy
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Croats
Croats () are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia, and an estimated 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have since migrated throughout the world, and established a notable Croatian diaspora. Large Croat communities exists in The United States, Chile, Argentina, Germany, Austria, Australia, Canada, Serbia, New Zealand and South Africa. Croats are noted for their culture, which throughout the ages, has been variously influenced by different cultural circles. The strongest influences came from Central Europe and the Mediterranean, where, at the same time, Croats gave their contribution. The Croats are predominantly Catholic and their language is Croatian.
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Dezső Kosztolányi
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Elisabeth of Bavaria
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Esther Jungreis
Esther Jungreis (born in Szeged, Hungary in 1936) is the founder of the international Hineni movement in America. A Holocaust survivor, she has made it her life's mission to bring back Jews to Orthodox Judaism.
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Ferenc Joachim
Ferenc Joachim (May 21, 1882 - September 16, 1964) was a Hungarian (Magyar) painter of portraits and landscapes in oil, watercolors and pastels on canvas, board and paper. He studied and painted in Budapest and Western Europe. Hungarian usage puts the surname before the given name, in the form Joachim Ferenc. As an untitled member of the minor nobility, Joachim was entitled to bear the honorary prefix Csejtei, so prior to the Communist abolition of honorifics in 1947 his name might be found in the form "Csejtei Joachim Ferenc" (or "Cs. Joachim F.") in Hungarian, or in German "Franz Joachim von Csejthey".
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Ferenc Móra
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Franz Joseph
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Frigyes Riesz
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Germans
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Gyula Juhász
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György Sebők
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Gábor Agárdy
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Géza Maróczy
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Hungarians
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Huns
The Huns were a group of nomadic pastoral people who, appearing from beyond the Volga, migrated into Europe c. AD 370 and built up an enormous empire in Europe. Since De Guignes linked them with the Xiongnu who had been northern neighbours of China 300 years earlier to the emergence of Huns, considerable scholarly effort has been devoted in investigating such a connection. However, there is no evidence for a direct connection between the dominant element of the Xiongnu and that of the Huns. A contemporary mentions that the Huns had a language of their own; very little of it has survived and its relationships have been the subject of debate for centuries. According to some theories, it was a Turkic language. Numerous other languages were spoken within the Hun pax including East Germanic. Their main military technique was mounted archery.
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Immanuel Löw
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Ivan Fellegi
Ivan Peter Fellegi, OC () (born June 22, 1935) is a Hungarian-Canadian statistician and was the Chief Statistician of Canada from 1985 to 2008.
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Jenő Huszka
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Julius Stahel
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János Csonka
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Kálmán Mikszáth
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Lajos Kossuth
Lajos Kossuth de Udvard et Kossuthfalva (, English: Louis Kossuth; September 19, 1802 – March 20, 1894) was a Hungarian lawyer, journalist, politician and Regent-President of Hungary in 1849. He was widely honored during his lifetime, including in the United Kingdom and the United States, as a freedom fighter and bellwether of democracy in Europe.
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Leopold Löw
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Lipót Fejér
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Louis I of Hungary
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László Paskai
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Mihály Babits
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Miklós Radnóti
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Ottoman Empire
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Ptolemy
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Rajmund Fodor
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Romanians
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Serbs
Serbs (, Romanization: Srbi ) are a native Balkan South Slavic ethnic group. Majority of Serbs live in their ancestral lands in Central Europe and the Balkans (Southeastern Europe), between the Balkan and Carpathian mountains, in the east, and the Adriatic sea, in the west. Significant percentage of Serb people live in diaspora. The total world Serbian population, however, is difficult to measure. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Serbs are also a significant minority in other republics of the Former Yugoslavia- primarily Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Serbs are an officially recognized minority in both Romania and Hungary, as well as Albania and Slovakia. There is a large Serbian diaspora in Western Europe especially in Germany, Sweden, Switzerland and Austria, as well as in France and Italy (which also contains a historical Serb community). More than a million people of Serbian origin live in German speaking countries: Luxembourg (1%), Austria (1,8%), Switzerland (1%), and Germany (~1%).
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Slovaks
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Tamás Molnár
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Vilmos Zsigmond
Vilmos Zsigmond, A.S.C. (born June 16, 1930) is a Hungarian-American cinematographer.
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Willy Pogany
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World War I
World War I was a military conflict centered on Europe that began in the summer of 1914. The fighting ended in late 1918. This conflict involved all of the world's great powers, assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies (centred around the Triple Entente) and the Central Powers. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilized in one of the largest wars in history. More than 9 million combatants were killed, due largely to great technological advances in firepower without corresponding ones in mobility. It was the second deadliest conflict in history.
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Éva Janikovszky
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SZEGED - HUNGARY
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:15
- Published: 13 Mar 2009
- Updated: 21 Oct 2012
MAGYAR VÁROSOK
http://wn.com/SZEGED_HUNGARY
M43: Mako - Szeged
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:57
- Published: 30 Apr 2011
- Updated: 02 Jun 2012
This video on Hungarian motorway M43 was recorded exactly one week after the road was inaugurated. The most important part of the building process was Ferenc Mora bridge, a cable stayed bridge with the main span of 180 m.
http://wn.com/M43_Mako_Szeged
Szeged, Hungary
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:30
- Published: 26 Sep 2011
- Updated: 21 Oct 2012
Szeged, Hungary guided tour
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:20
- Published: 30 Nov 2008
- Updated: 29 Sep 2012
If you're coming to Hungary, but only planning on visiting Budapest, think again! You can jump on a fast train to the hip and friendly southern university town of Szeged and have a blast. Bask in the gorgeous secessionist architecture, bathe in the odoriferous waters of the Anna Bathhouse, sip espresso and gorge on delicious pastries in an old elegant cafe and be sure to try the famous fisherman's soup. We love this town!
http://wn.com/Szeged,_Hungary_guided_tour
2011 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships Szeged Video Highlights
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:33
- Published: 28 Nov 2011
- Updated: 15 Oct 2012
Make sure you watch the OUTTAKES VIDEO too: tinyurl.com The 2011 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships was held in Szeged, Hungary in August 17-21. The competition served as the major Olympic Qualifier event for canoe-kayak sprint sport where 75% of all the quotes were distributed. As for the number of spectators in Szeged...well...see it for yourself...(and don't forget to turn on the volume before watching this video!) Soundtrack: Def Leppard - Let's Get Rocked Kiss - Rock and Roll All Nite Motörhead - Born to Raise Hell Judas Priest - Rock Hard Ride Free Mötley Crüe - Kickstart My Heart Twisted Sister - The Price AC/DC - It's a Long Way to the Top Twisted Sister - I Wanna Rock Globus - Diem Ex Dei
http://wn.com/2011_ICF_Canoe_Sprint_World_Championships_Szeged_Video_Highlights
Szeged Part 1 of 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:01
- Published: 26 Dec 2007
- Updated: 29 Jul 2012
Szeged, Hungary. Hungary's 4th largest city on the banks of the Tisza river. The video was filmed in 2006 while the river was about to flood the city. This is an educational video clip in 2 parts.
http://wn.com/Szeged_Part_1_of_2
Trams Parade in Szeged
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:20
- Published: 26 May 2012
- Updated: 20 Oct 2012
Szeged keeps the city celebrations on the end of May. Maybe it was coincidence, but a few days before the last tram of the PESA fleet arrived in Szeged. So there was a tram parade, where the SZKT (one of the public transport companies here) showed some tram cars, they used last 104 years. (I filmed the vehicles far from the crowds) 12: Type: MWG (1908-1970) 313 & 314: Type: BVVV F type, later FM3 003: Type: M III maintenance vehicle 813: Type: FVV CSM4 "Bengáli" (1962-2011) 912: Type: CKD Tatra T6A2H (1996 - present) (953: B6A2D-M self-propelling trailer - 2005) 212: Type: CKD Tatra KT4D-ME (2003 - present) 108: PESA 120Nb Swing-Szeged (2012 - present) Bonus: 9-153: ZIU 9 (ZIU-682) Trolleybus (1979-2007)
http://wn.com/Trams_Parade_in_Szeged
Szeged Part 2 of 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:53
- Published: 27 Dec 2007
- Updated: 05 Aug 2012
Szeged, Hungary. Hungary's 4th largest city on the banks of the Tisza river. The video was filmed in 2006 while the river was about to flood the city. (more) This is an EDUCATIONAL video clip in 2 parts.
http://wn.com/Szeged_Part_2_of_2
Szeged Bus & Trolleybus [1080p]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:51
- Published: 06 Sep 2012
- Updated: 20 Oct 2012
Beside the tram Szeged also has a trolleybus network as one of three cities in Hungary. The fleet consists of different types with the majority of them built by Skoda. However there are also the worldwide unique Citaro trolleybusses that were rebuilt from diesel busses. As for some reasons I don´t know some courses(and line 8 completely) were serviced with diesel busses I decided to mix trolleybusses and normal busses into one video as it doesn´t make that much sense to put them in extra videos. The green diesel busses are owned by SZKT, there are different types in service like Ikarus 280 (ex-Budapest) and Ikarus 417 ex-Wuppertal beside Citaro busses. The blue-white busses are owned by Tisza Volán which serves different lines in Szeged. Their Ikarus-fleet is mainly natural gas-powered. ---------------- Szeged ist eine von drei Städten in Ungarn, die ein O-Bus-System besitzt. Die Fahrzeugflotte umfaßt derzeit verschiedene Typen, wobei die meisten Busse von Skoda sind. Weltweit einmalig sind die zu O-Bussen umgebauten Citaros. Aus irgendwelchen Gründen fuhren einige Kurse mit Dieselbussen, die Linie 8 sogar komplett. Ich habe daher Dieselbusse und O-Busse in ein Video gemischt, da eine Trennung nicht sinnvoll wäre. Die Dieselbus-Flotte von SZKT umfaßt verschiedene Typen wie Ikarus 280(davon einige gebraucht aus Budapest übernommen), Ikarus 417 aus Wuppertal und Citaros. Die blau-weißen Busse hingegen werden von Tisza Volán betrieben, die meisten davon mit Erdgasantrieb.
http://wn.com/Szeged_Bus_Trolleybus_1080p_
Szeged - Red Bull Street Parade, Sebastian Vettel
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:31
- Published: 18 May 2009
- Updated: 25 Mar 2011
Sebastian Vettel a rakpartról
http://wn.com/Szeged_Red_Bull_Street_Parade,_Sebastian_Vettel
Marek Twardowski K1 500m men Szeged 2011 Flatwater Kayak World Championship
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:00
- Published: 01 Dec 2011
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
Złoty medal Marka Twardowskiego na mistrzostwach świata w kajakarstwie Szeged 2011 zdobyty w konkurencji K1 500m Komentator mówi wszystko :)
http://wn.com/Marek_Twardowski_K1_500m_men_Szeged_2011_Flatwater_Kayak_World_Championship
SZEGED THE CITY OF SUNSHINE
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:32
- Published: 29 Nov 2010
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
SZEGED A NAPFÉNY VÁROSA SZEGED THE CITY OF SUNSHINE www.szegedvaros.hu Szeged Csongrád megye székhelye, a Dél-alföldi Régió központja, Dél-kelet Magyarország legnagyobb települése, 169 ezer lakossal. a Tisza és a Maros folyók összefolyásánál helyezkedik el. Szeged, the county town of Csongrád County, is in the centre of the South Alföld (Southern Great Plain) Region and will, together with Pécs, be the European Capital of Culture in 2010. It is the largest town in south-eastern Hungary, with 163 thousand inhabitants, and is situated at the confluence of the rivers Tisza and Maros Közúton Budapesttől az M5-ös autópályán 165 km távolságra -- kényelmes autózással -- másfél óra alatt érhető el. Vasúton az elegáns, kényelmes és gyors Inter City járatokkal Budapesttől csak kettő és egynegyed órányira van. A frissen átadott -- kis és közepes gépek fogadására alkalmas -- repülőtér Magyarország mellett a világ vérkeringésébe is bekapcsolta Szegedet és térségét. The journey by road from Budapest takes around one and a half hours and is a comfortable drive along the M5 motorway, a distance of 165km. The elegant, comfortable Inter City trains make the trip from the capital in just two and a quarter hours, whilst the recently inaugurated airport, which can handle small and medium-sized aircraft, has brought Szeged and its region into closer contact not just with the rest of Hungary but with the world.
http://wn.com/SZEGED_THE_CITY_OF_SUNSHINE
Will Smith - Szeged (Miami)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:01
- Published: 06 Jan 2008
- Updated: 20 Oct 2012
Will Smith - Szeged (Miami)
http://wn.com/Will_Smith_Szeged_Miami
F1 in the Streets of Szeged demonstration
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:24
- Published: 22 May 2009
- Updated: 15 Oct 2012
Vettel and Buemi
http://wn.com/F1_in_the_Streets_of_Szeged_demonstration
Classic cars parade, Szeged, 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:39
- Published: 17 Aug 2011
- Updated: 15 Oct 2012
There was a classic car race in my town, and next day I recorded the parade. The cars: 0:13 - Nash Six Touring (?) and Ford T 0:21 - Oldsmobile 0:27 - Buick series 115 (1928) and Chevrolet 0:34 - Hupmobile 0:36 - DKV F8 (1939) 0:38 -unknown DKV, maybe F8 again 0:40 - Citroen Traction Avant (?) 0:44 - BMW 700 (1959) 0:47 - Moszkvics 403 (1965) 0:50 - Volkswagen Beetle 0:53 - Ford Taunus P2 (1958) 0:57 - Moszkvics 401 (1947) and Volvo De Luxe 1:02 - Volkswagen 181 1:08 - DKV F91 (1954) 1:31 - Three Velorexes 1:48 - Fiat 500 Topolino (1938) 1:51 - Lancia Fluvia GT (1968) and Fiat 500 1:54 - Porsche 924 1:57 - BMW 2002 ti 2:00 - Skoda 1000 MB and Peugeot 505 STI 2:04 - DKW F102 2:09 - Mercedes Benz 280 CE 2:11 - Opel Admiral 2:15 - Lada 1200 and Gaz (?) 2:18 - Peugeot 404 2:23 - Mercedes Benz (which?) 2:30 - Dodge Army truck If you know the correct type, please comment! Thanks.
http://wn.com/Classic_cars_parade,_Szeged,_2011
Truck Parede, Szeged, 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:03
- Published: 17 Jul 2011
- Updated: 16 Oct 2012
There was the International Meeting of the Truckers in my city. I only recorded this parade, because I had to take a trip this weekend. The video is long, but there were some sights. For example: Trucker from USA (Freightliner, Kenworth, Mack) 1:07 - 1:35 - 5:51 - 5:59 and 6:45 Old Volvo - 8:59 Old Man - 9:30 Funny - 12:26 Odd-one-out: 5:18
http://wn.com/Truck_Parede,_Szeged,_2011
Szeged Tarján város 1973-74
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:04
- Published: 06 Jun 2009
- Updated: 15 Oct 2012
Véletlenül került hozzám ez a film, muszáj volt feltöltenem. Ezt sokan szeretnék látni, azt hiszem.
http://wn.com/Szeged_Tarján_város_1973-74
ICF Canoe-Kayak World Championships 2006 Szeged
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:08
- Published: 14 Mar 2007
- Updated: 08 Sep 2012
Best moments of the 2006 World Championships.
http://wn.com/ICF_Canoe-Kayak_World_Championships_2006_Szeged
Szeged Kayak World Championship 2011 Tribute
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:32
- Published: 26 Oct 2011
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
watch in HD :) Song: Chris Brown - Yeah 3x
http://wn.com/Szeged_Kayak_World_Championship_2011_Tribute
![The Ultimative Canoe SloMo Paddling Video [Szeged 2011]](http://web.archive.org./web/20121024131328im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/pv3TVI4Ysrw/0.jpg "The Ultimative Canoe SloMo Paddling Video [Szeged 2011]")
The Ultimative Canoe SloMo Paddling Video [Szeged 2011]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:13
- Published: 23 Sep 2011
- Updated: 22 Oct 2012
A short Compilation of some athles, how paddeld in Szeged 2011. Original footage: 60fps - slowed down to 24fps - about 3 times slower. Camera: Canon 550D - T2i All athles in the video: Max Hoff - Germany Anders Gustafsson - Sweden Aleh Yurenia - Belarus Marko Tomicevic - Serbia Adam van Koeverden - Canada Attila Kugler - Hungary Ben Fouhy - New Zealand Dombvàri Bence - Hungary Martin Hollstein - Andreas Ihle - Germany Yurchenko Vitaly - Pogreban Vasily - Russia Vereckei Àkos - Kammerer Zoltàn - Kucsera Gàbor - Boros Gergely - Hungary Vadim Menkov - Uzbekistan Vajda Attila - Hungary Tamara Csipes - Hungary
http://wn.com/The_Ultimative_Canoe_SloMo_Paddling_Video_Szeged_2011_
2011 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships Szeged Highlights
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:33
- Published: 20 Dec 2011
- Updated: 06 Aug 2012
Make sure you watch the OUTTAKES VIDEO too: tinyurl.com The 2011 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships was held in Szeged, Hungary in August 17-21. The competition served as the major Olympic Qualifier event for canoe-kayak sprint sport where 75% of all the quotes were distributed. As for the number of spectators in Szeged...well...see it for yourself...(and don't forget to turn on the volume before watching this video!) Soundtrack: Def Leppard - Let's Get Rocked Kiss - Rock and Roll All Nite Motörhead - Born to Raise Hell Judas Priest - Rock Hard Ride Free Mötley Crüe - Kickstart My Heart Twisted Sister - The Price AC/DC - It's a Long Way to the Top Twisted Sister - I Wanna Rock Globus - Diem Ex Dei Visit the Sportscene website for all canoe & kayak news, videos and photos: sportscene.tv
http://wn.com/2011_ICF_Canoe_Sprint_World_Championships_Szeged_Highlights
Fit World Szeged - Spinracing óra
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:15
- Published: 13 Feb 2009
- Updated: 09 Jun 2012
2010 Canoe Sprint World Cup, Szeged - Highlights
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 25:45
- Published: 14 Jun 2010
- Updated: 01 Jun 2012
Here is the second set of highlights with all the Canoe Sprint World Cup action from Szeged.
http://wn.com/2010_Canoe_Sprint_World_Cup,_Szeged_Highlights
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Creative Commons / Uzo
Creative Commons / Váradi Zsolt
Creative Commons / Pataki Márta
Creative Commons / Pataki Márta
Creative Commons / Váradi Zsolt
Creative Commons / Váradi Zsolt
Creative Commons / Váradi Zsolt
Creative Commons / Váradi Zsolt
Creative Commons / Civertan![Capsicum fruits in Szeged is one of the centres of the food industry in Hungary, especially known for its paprika,[2] Szekelygulyas,](http://web.archive.org./web/20121024131328im_/http://cdn8.wn.com/pd/fe/05/3a54e1632a2878a55f55ffa14cab_small.jpg "Capsicum fruits in Szeged is one of the centres of the food industry in Hungary, especially known for its paprika,[2] Szekelygulyas,")
Creative Commons / Váradi Zsolt![Anna Thermal-Bath Szeged is one of the centers of the food industry in Hungary, especially known for its paprika,[2] Szekelygulyas,[3] Szegedi Halászlé and Pick salami.](http://web.archive.org./web/20121024131328im_/http://cdn5.wn.com/pd/a6/78/203592c6f8d6b7590314b099ff18_small.jpg "Anna Thermal-Bath Szeged is one of the centers of the food industry in Hungary, especially known for its paprika,[2] Szekelygulyas,[3] Szegedi Halászlé and Pick salami.")
Creative Commons / Csanády![Szeged (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈsɛɡɛd] ( listen); see also alternative names) is the fourth largest city of Hungary, the regional centre of South-Eastern Hungary and the capital of the county of Csongrád.](http://web.archive.org./web/20121024131328im_/http://cdn4.wn.com/pd/a6/0f/c9a56ac82f04561e678cf09c6763_small.jpg "Szeged (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈsɛɡɛd] ( listen); see also alternative names) is the fourth largest city of Hungary, the regional centre of South-Eastern Hungary and the capital of the county of Csongrád.")
Creative Commons / Uzo19
Creative Commons / Koga
AP /
![Capsicum fruits in Szeged is one of the centres of the food industry in Hungary, especially known for its paprika,[2] Szekelygulyas,](http://web.archive.org./web/20121024131328/http://cdn2.wn.com/pd/fe/05/3a54e1632a2878a55f55ffa14cab_medium.jpg "Capsicum fruits in Szeged is one of the centres of the food industry in Hungary, especially known for its paprika,[2] Szekelygulyas,")
![Anna Thermal-Bath Szeged is one of the centers of the food industry in Hungary, especially known for its paprika,[2] Szekelygulyas,[3] Szegedi Halászlé and Pick salami.](http://web.archive.org./web/20121024131328/http://cdn9.wn.com/pd/a6/78/203592c6f8d6b7590314b099ff18_medium.jpg "Anna Thermal-Bath Szeged is one of the centers of the food industry in Hungary, especially known for its paprika,[2] Szekelygulyas,[3] Szegedi Halászlé and Pick salami.")
![Szeged (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈsɛɡɛd] ( listen); see also alternative names) is the fourth largest city of Hungary, the regional centre of South-Eastern Hungary and the capital of the county of Csongrád.](http://web.archive.org./web/20121024131328/http://cdn8.wn.com/pd/a6/0f/c9a56ac82f04561e678cf09c6763_medium.jpg "Szeged (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈsɛɡɛd] ( listen); see also alternative names) is the fourth largest city of Hungary, the regional centre of South-Eastern Hungary and the capital of the county of Csongrád.")
| Seged | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 |
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| Nickname(s): The Sun City, The Poor Man's Cambridge | |||
 Seged
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| Coordinates: 46°15′18″N 20°08′42″E / 46.255°N 20.145°E / 46.255; 20.145Coordinates: 46°15′18″N 20°08′42″E / 46.255°N 20.145°E / 46.255; 20.145 | |||
| Country |  Hungary |
||
| County | Csongrád | ||
| Government | |||
| • Mayor | László Botka (MSZP) | ||
| Area | |||
| • Total | 280.84 km2 (108.43 sq mi) | ||
| Population (2011) | |||
| • Total | 170,285 |
||
| • Density | 606.34/km2 (1,570.4/sq mi) | ||
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||
| Area code(s) | 62 | ||
| Website | http://www.szegedvaros.hu/ | ||
Szeged (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈsɛɡɛd] (
listen); German: Szegedin; Romanian: Seghedin; Serbo-Croatian: Segedin, Сегедин; see also other alternative names) is the third largest city of Hungary, the largest city and regional centre of the Southern Great Plain and the county town of Csongrád county. The University of Szeged is one of the most distinguished universities in Hungary.
The famous Open Air Plays of Seged (first held in 1931) are one of the main attractions; they are held every summer. Seged celebrates the Day of the city on May 21.
Contents |
Etymology[link]
The name Seged might come from an old Hungarian word for corner (szeg), pointing to the turn of the river Tisza that flows through the city. Others say it derives from the Hungarian word sziget which means 'island'. Others still contend that szeg means 'dark blond' (sötétszőkés) – a reference to the color of the water where the rivers Tisza and Maros merge.[1]
The city has its own name in a number of foreign languages: Serbo-Croatian, Segedin (Сегедин); Romanian, Seghedin; Bulgarian, Belarusian, Russian and Ukrainian, Сегед (Seged); German, Szegedin / Segedin; Italian, Seghedino; Latin, Partiscum; Latvian, Segeda; Lithuanian, Segedas; Polish, Segedyn; Slovak, Segedín; Turkish, Segedin.
History[link]
Seged and its area have been inhabited since ancient times. Ptolemy mentions the oldest known name of the city: Partiscum. It is possible that Attila, king of the Huns had his seat somewhere in this area. The name Seged was first mentioned in 1183, in a document of King Béla III.
During the Mongol invasion the town was destroyed and its inhabitants fled to the nearby swamps, but they soon returned and rebuilt their town. In the 14th century, during the reign of Louis the Great, Seged became the most important town of Southern Hungary, and – as the Turkish armies got closer to Hungary – the strategic importance of Szeged grew. King Sigismund of Luxembourg had a wall built around the town. Szeged was raised to free royal town status in 1498.
Szeged was first pillaged by the Turkish army on 28 September 1526, but was occupied only in 1543, and became an administrative centre of the Ottomans (see Ottoman Hungary). She was a sanjak centre at first in Budin Eyaleti (1543–1596), after in Eğri Eyaleti. The town was freed from Turkish rule on 23 October 1686, and regained the free royal town status in 1715. In 1719 Szeged got its coat of arms (still used today) from Charles III. During the next years Szeged grew and prospered. Piarist monks arrived in Szeged in 1719 and opened a new grammar school in 1721. They also held scientific lectures and theatrical plays. However, these years brought not only prosperity and enlightenment; between 1728 and 1744 witch trials were frequent in the town; in 1728-29, the perhaps largest Hungarian witch trial was held here. In 1720, the population of the city totalled 193 households, of which 99 were Serbian.
Szeged is known as the home of paprika, a spice made from dried, powdered capsicum fruits. Paprika arrived in Hungary in the second half of the 16th century as an ornamental plant. About 100 years later the plant was cultivated as a herb, and paprika as we know it was born.[2] Szeged is also famous for their Szekelygulyas, a goulash made with pork, sauerkraut and sour cream.[3] And also famous for their Halászlé, fish soup made of carp and catfish.
The citizens of Szeged played an important part in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. Lajos Kossuth delivered his famous speech here. Szeged was the last seat of the revolutionary government in July 1849. The Habsburg rulers punished the leaders of the town, but later Szeged began to prosper again, the railway reached it in 1854, and the town got its free royal town status back in 1860. Mark Pick's shop – the predecessor of today's world famous Pick Salami Factory – was opened in 1869.
Today the inner city of Szeged has beautiful buildings and wide avenues. This is mainly due to the great flood of 1879, which literally wiped away the whole town (only 265 of the 5723 houses remained and 165 people died). Emperor Franz Joseph visited the town and promised that "Szeged will be more beautiful than it used to be". He kept his promise. During the next years a new, modern city emerged from the ruins, with palaces and wide streets.
During the twentieth century[link]
After the first World War Hungary lost its southern territories to Romania and Serbia, thus Seged became a city close to the border, and its importance lessened, but as it took over roles that formerly belonged to the now lost cities, it slowly recovered. The University of Kolozsvár (now Cluj-Napoca, Romania) moved to Seged in 1921 (see University of Seged). In 1923 Seged took over the role of episcopal seat from Temesvár (now Timişoara, Romania). It was briefly occupied by Romanian army during Hungarian-Romanian War in 1919. During the 1920s the Jewish population of Seged grew and reached its zenith.
Seged suffered heavily during the World War II. 6,000 inhabitants of the city were killed, the Jewish citizens were confined to ghettos, then taken to death camps, and the Soviet Army occupied the city in late-1944. During the Communist-era, Seged became a centre of light industry and food industry. In 1965 oil was found near the city; the area now satisfies 67% of the country's oil demand.
In 1962 Seged became the county seat of Csongrád. Whole new districts were built, and lots of nearby villages (e.g. Tápé, Sőreg, Kiskundorozsma, Sentmihálytelek, Gyálarét) were annexed to the city in 1973 (as was a tendency during the Communist era).
Today's Seged is an important university town and a popular tourist attraction.
Geography[link]
Szeged is situated near the southern border of Hungary, just to the south of the mouth of the Maros River, on both banks of the Tisza River.
Climate[link]
Seged's climate is transitional between oceanic (Köppen Cfb) and continental (Köppen Dfb), with cold winters, hot summers, and fairly low precipitation.
| Climate data for Seged | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 1.7 (35.1) |
5.1 (41.2) |
11.2 (52.2) |
17.1 (62.8) |
22.3 (72.1) |
25.3 (77.5) |
27.4 (81.3) |
27.0 (80.6) |
23.4 (74.1) |
17.6 (63.7) |
9.5 (49.1) |
3.8 (38.8) |
15.95 (60.71) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.8 (28.8) |
0.9 (33.6) |
5.6 (42.1) |
11.1 (52.0) |
16.2 (61.2) |
19.2 (66.6) |
20.8 (69.4) |
20.2 (68.4) |
16.5 (61.7) |
11.0 (51.8) |
5.1 (41.2) |
0.6 (33.1) |
10.45 (50.81) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −4.8 (23.4) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
0.9 (33.6) |
5.5 (41.9) |
10.3 (50.5) |
13.4 (56.1) |
14.4 (57.9) |
13.9 (57.0) |
10.4 (50.7) |
5.6 (42.1) |
1.7 (35.1) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
5.56 (42.00) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 29 (1.14) |
25 (0.98) |
29 (1.14) |
41 (1.61) |
51 (2.01) |
72 (2.83) |
50 (1.97) |
57 (2.24) |
34 (1.34) |
26 (1.02) |
41 (1.61) |
40 (1.57) |
495 (19.49) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 62.0 | 87.6 | 142.6 | 180.0 | 235.6 | 255.0 | 288.3 | 266.6 | 210.0 | 170.5 | 81.0 | 49.6 | 2,028.8 |
| Source: Hong Kong Observatory [4] | |||||||||||||
Due to the high number of sunshine hours annually, Seged is often called City of Sunshine.
Education[link]
The city of Szeged has 62 kindergartens, 32 elementary schools, 18 high schools and a university, which were established by the unification of the past existing higher education centres. The two most prominent high schools (Ságvári Endre Gyakorló Gimnázium and Radnóti Miklós Kísérleti Gimnázium) are among the fifteen best in the country.
Szeged is the higher education centre of southern Hungary and has built quite a reputation for itself. Thousands of students study here, many of whom are foreign students from all around the world. The Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, which was built with the help of UNESCO funds, has also been a considerable source of advanced research. Scientists at this laboratory were first in the world to produce artificial heredity material in the year 2000. The building has served as a home to many well known conferences and continues to make contributions to the world of science. The University of Szeged was ranked as the best university of the country on Academic Ranking of World Universities - 2005, and one of the best 100 in Europe.
Demographics[link]
| Historical populations | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1870 | 56,901 | — |
| 1880 | 59,143 | +3.9% |
| 1890 | 68,924 | +16.5% |
| 1900 | 82,803 | +20.1% |
| 1910 | 96,063 | +16.0% |
| 1920 | 100,175 | +4.3% |
| 1930 | 108,448 | +8.3% |
| 1941 | 110,740 | +2.1% |
| 1949 | 104,867 | −5.3% |
| 1960 | 117,515 | +12.1% |
| 1970 | 145,312 | +23.7% |
| 1980 | 164,437 | +13.2% |
| 1990 | 175,301 | +6.6% |
| 2000 | 158,158 | −9.8% |
| 2010 | 169,731 | +7.3% |
| 2011 | 170,285 | +0.3% |
Ethnic groups (2001 census):
- Hungarians - 93.5%
- Roma - 0.7%
- Germans - 0.5%
- Serbs - 0.2%
- Romanians - 0.2%
- Croats - 0.1%
- Slovaks - 0.1%
- No answer (unknown) - 4.7%
Religions (2001 census):
- Roman Catholic - 54.5%
- Calvinist - 6.7%
- Lutheran - 1.6%
- Greek Catholic - 0.6%
- Others (Christian) - 1.3%
- Others (non-Christian) - 0.4%
- Atheist - 21.8%
- No answer (unknown) - 13.1%
Economy[link]
Szeged is one of the centres of the food industry in Hungary, especially known for its paprika,[2] Szekelygulyas,[3] Szegedi Halászlé and Pick salami.
Main sights[link]
| City centre, Dóm tér ("Cathedral Square") with the Votive Church |
 |
Church of Grey Friars (Gothic, 15th century) |  |
The Water Tower |  |
| Dömötör Tower (13th century) |  |
Ferenc Móra Museum |  |
Reök Palace |  |
| Szeged Synagogue |  |
Szeged City Hall | .JPG) |
National Theatre of Szeged |  |
| Gróf-palace (1913) |  |
Minorite Church | 100.jpg) |
Fekete Ház "Black House", Museum of Currency |  |
Famous people[link]
Born in Szeged[link]
 |
This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability. |
- Adrián Annus (1975), hammer thrower
- Laurenz "Loz" Lipworthz, Scally Manc
- Gábor Agárdy (1922–2006), actor
- Béla Balázs (1884–1949), writer, poet, film critic
- Zsolt Becsey (1964), politician
- Joseph Csaky (1888-1971) sculptor
- Attila Czene (1974), Olympic champion medley swimmer
- János Csonka (1852–1939), engineer, co-inventor of the carburetor
- Sophie Evans (1976), adult movie star
- Ivan Fellegi (1935), Chief Statistician of Canada
- Rajmund Fodor (1976), Olympic champion water polo player
- Jenő Huszka (1875–1960), composer
- Éva Janikovszky (1926–2003), writer
- Ferenc Joachim (1882–1964), painter
- Gyula Juhász (1883–1937), poet
- Esther Jungreis, Orthodox Jewish outreach speaker
- Géza Maróczy (1870–1951), chess grand master
- Tamás Molnár (1975), Olympic champion water polo player
- Robert Nagy (1967), speedway rider
- László Paskai (1927), Archbishop of Esztergom
- Willy Pogany (1882–1955), illustrator
- György Sebők (1922–1999), pianist
- Julius Stahel (1825–1912), American Civil War general and diplomat
- Ágnes Péter (1983), famous singer
- Attila Vajda (1983), Olympic champion canoer
- Vilmos Zsigmond (1930), cinematographer
Who lived in Szeged[link]
|
This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability. |
- Mihály Babits poet, writer
- Lipót Fejér mathematician
- Alfréd Haar mathematician
- Attila József poet
- László Kalmár mathematician
- Dezső Kosztolányi poet, novelist
- Leopold Löw rabbi, historian and Judaic scholar
- Immanuel Löw rabbi, Judaic scholar, politician
- Kálmán Mikszáth writer
- Ferenc Móra writer, archaeologist
- Miklós Radnóti poet
- Frigyes Riesz mathematician
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Nobel prize winner chemist and biologist
- Béla Szőkefalvi-Nagy mathematician
Gallery[link]
-
Szeged City Hall.
-
Posta Palace.
-
MÁV Palace.
-
Votive Church at night.
-
Elisabeth (Sissi) was Queen of Hungary.
-
City Hall Square.
-
Franz Joseph (Apostolic King of Hungary) "Bridge" or Bridge of Sighs.
-
Unger–Mayer House (1911).
-
Statue of Kuno Klebelsberg.
-
Szeged Railway Station.
-
The Great Flood (1879) Statue.
-
Rector's Buliding, University of Szeged
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Institute of Informatics, University of Szeged
-
Institute of Biology, University of Szeged
-
TIK, the Central Library, University of Szeged
-
View from Votive Church Dome.
-
View from Votive Church Dome.
-
Aerial photography.
-
Szeged bridge on Tisza.
-
Capsicum fruits in Szeged.
-
Móra Ferenc Museum.
-
Anna Thermal-Bath.
Twin towns - Sister cities[link]
Szeged is twinned with:
Cambridge, United Kingdom, since 1977
Darmstadt, Germany, since 1990[5]
Nice, France, since 1969
Odessa, Ukraine, since 1977- Rakhiv, Ukraine, since 1939 and 1997
Parma, Italy, since 1988
Liège, Belgium, since 2001
Kotor, Montenegro, since 2001
Rotterdam, Netherlands
Târgu Mureş, Romania, since 1997
Subotica, Serbia, since 1966 and 2004- Timişoara, Romania, since 1998
Toledo, United States, since 1990
Turku, Finland, since 1971
Łódź, Poland, since 2004
Weinan, China, since 1999
Larnaca, Cyprus, since 1994
Pula, Croatia, since 2003
Varna, Bulgaria, since 2010
İzmir, Turkey, since 2010
See also[link]
References[link]
- Notes
- ^ On etymology
- ^ a b Paprika
- ^ a b Szeged Gulyas Recipe
- ^ "Climatological Normals of Seged". Hong Kong SAR Government. http://www.hko.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/europe/ger_pl/szeged_e.htm. Retrieved 2011-01-06.
- ^ Town Twinnings and international relations (from the official city website. Accessed 2008-08-11.)
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Szeged |
- Szeged travel guide from Wikitravel
- Szeged(photo album) (English)
- Szeged, city of sunshine (English)
- Panoramas
- Szeged in Pictures (English)
- Official site with webcam (Hungarian) (English)
- Another site (English)
- Official site of the Open Air Festival
- Official site of Young Summer Festival
- Local Radio Station - Radio Plusz
- Aerial photography: Szeged
- Pick Salami and Szeged Paprika Museum
- SZTE Congress Center
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http://wn.com/Szeged
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Seghedino
http://cs.wn.com/Szeged
http://id.wn.com/Szeged
http://es.wn.com/Szeged
http://ru.wn.com/Сегед
http://nl.wn.com/Szeged
http://pl.wn.com/Segedyn
http://fr.wn.com/Szeged
http://de.wn.com/Szeged
http://pt.wn.com/Szeged
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szeged
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
 Vettel at 2012 Bahrain Grand Prix |
|
| Born | (1987-07-03) 3 July 1987 (age 24) Heppenheim, Hesse, West Germany |
|---|---|
| Formula One World Championship career | |
| Nationality | German |
| 2012 team | Red Bull-Renault |
| 2012 car # | 1 |
| Races | 87 |
| Championships | 2 (2010, 2011) |
| Wins | 22 |
| Podiums | 38 |
| Career points | 846 |
| Pole positions | 31 |
| Fastest laps | 10 |
| First race | 2007 United States Grand Prix |
| First win | 2008 Italian Grand Prix |
| Last win | 2012 Bahrain Grand Prix |
| Last race | 2012 Monaco Grand Prix |
| 2011 position | 1st (392 pts) |
Sebastian Vettel (German pronunciation: [zeˈbasti̯an ˈfɛtəl]; born 3 July 1987) is a German Formula One racing driver, currently driving for Red Bull Racing. He is the current World Champion, having won the championship in 2010 and 2011.
In his first year driving for Red Bull in 2009, Vettel finished the season as the youngest-ever World Drivers' championship runner-up. He also secured Red Bull's first pole position and race win in the team's history. The following year he went on to become the youngest driver ever to win the World Drivers' Championship. In the same year he helped Red Bull win the team's first World Constructors' Championship. He followed up his first championship with a second in 2011, becoming the youngest double as well as youngest consecutive champion.
Vettel holds numerous other "youngest" Formula One records, among them: the youngest driver to have taken part in an official practice session of a Grand Prix, to score championship points, to lead a race, to secure pole position,[1] and to win a race.[2]
Contents |
Early and personal life[link]
Vettel was born in Heppenheim, West Germany. He has one younger brother, Fabian, and two older sisters, Melanie and Stefanie. Vettel suggested in an interview that he was terrible at school, but he actually earned his Abitur (high school diploma) with a respectable grade.[3] He also mentioned that his childhood heroes were "The three Michaels", who were Michael Schumacher, Michael Jordan and Michael Jackson. He stated that he wanted to be a singer like Michael Jackson but realised that he could not as he did not have the voice.[4] Vettel is also a fan of The Beatles, collecting several records, including Abbey Road and his favourite song being Drive My Car. In an interview on Top Gear, Vettel stated that he was a fan of British comedy such as Little Britain and Monty Python's Life of Brian. Vettel lives in Switzerland amongst other racing drivers and is a fan of German football team Eintracht Frankfurt. Vettel has described himself as competitive, private and impatient. Vettel also appears in advertisements for Head & Shoulders. In the German version of Cars 2, Vettel featured as a voice-over.
Early career[link]
Junior series[link]
Vettel started racing karts in 1995, winning various titles such as the Junior Monaco Kart Cup in 2001. In 2003, he upgraded to open-wheel cars and won the 2004 German Formula BMW Championship with 18 victories from 20 races. In 2005 he drove for ASL Mucke Motorsport in the Formula Three Euroseries. He was placed fifth in the final standings with 64 points, winning the year's top rookie honours. He tested the Williams FW27 Formula One car on 27 September as a reward for this Formula BMW success. He then went on to test for the BMW Sauber team.
Vettel finished as runner-up in the 2006 F3 Euroseries, behind series leader and team mate Paul di Resta. He also made his debut in the World Series by Renault at Misano, winning after Pastor Maldonado was disqualified.[5] However, at the next round at Spa-Francorchamps, his finger was almost sliced off by flying débris in an accident, and he was expected to be out of racing for several weeks.[6] Nevertheless, he managed to compete in the Ultimate Masters of F3 at Zandvoort the following weekend, finishing in sixth place. He also set the third-fastest lap time, and it surprised his ASM team boss Frédéric Vasseur. Vasseur said: "I was impressed for sure, because at the beginning of the week I was sure he wouldn't race! But he showed good pace from the first practice session. I can't imagine he's 100 per cent but at least we know we can be competitive in the next F3 Euroseries round at the Nürburgring next weekend – that's important."[7]
Vettel competed in the World Series by Renault in 2007, and took his first win at the Nürburgring. He was leading the championship when he was called up to Formula One permanently. His seat was taken by Michael Ammermüller.[8]
Formula One[link]
2006–2007: BMW Sauber[link]
2006[link]
See also: 2006 Formula One season
Vettel became BMW Sauber third driver at the 2006 Turkish Grand Prix, when former incumbent Robert Kubica was called up to replace Jacques Villeneuve for the 2006 Hungarian Grand Prix.
On his testing debut, Vettel set the fastest time in the second Friday Free Practice before the race.[9] In his second testing session in the 2006 Italian Grand Prix, he set the fastest time in both Friday practice sessions, a race weekend in which all the BMW cars were quick, with his predecessor Robert Kubica finishing on the podium in the race.
2007[link]
See also: 2007 Formula One season
Vettel was confirmed as BMW's test driver for 2007.[10] Following the serious crash of regular BMW driver Kubica at the Canadian Grand Prix, Vettel substituted for him at the United States Grand Prix. Vettel was pulled mid-season from the Formula Renault series, which he was leading at that time. He started in seventh position on the grid,[11] finishing in eighth position to take his first World Championship point and became the youngest driver ever to score a point in Formula One (at the age of 19 years and 349 days), a record previously held by Jenson Button – who was 20 years and 67 days old when he finished sixth at the 2000 Brazilian Grand Prix.[12]
2007–2008: Toro Rosso[link]
2007[link]
On 31 July 2007, BMW released Vettel to join Red Bull's Scuderia Toro Rosso team, replacing Scott Speed as one of its drivers from the Hungarian Grand Prix onwards.[13] He earned approximately US$165,000 for finishing the season with Toro Rosso.[14] Before the race, it was also announced that Vettel would drive for Toro Rosso in 2008,[15] alongside Sébastien Bourdais.[16]
Vettel struggled for his first couple of races while cutting his teeth with his new team, but managed two impressive drives in his 5th and 6th drives for Toro Rosso, a team that was averaging a little worse than 14th place in the 2007 season before Vettel's arrival. In the rain-hit Japanese Grand Prix at Fuji, Vettel worked his way up to third, behind Lewis Hamilton and Red Bull Racing's Mark Webber, and seemed to be on course for not only his but also Toro Rosso's maiden podium finish. However, Vettel crashed into Webber under safety car conditions taking them both out of the race and prompting Webber to say to ITV reporter Louise Goodman "It's kids isn't it... kids with not enough experience – you do a good job and then they fuck it all up." Webber also specifically criticized Lewis Hamilton's erratic behaviour in contributing to the accident, describing his antics behind the safety car as 'shit'."[17][18] Vettel was initially punished with a ten-place grid penalty for the following race, but this was lifted after a spectator video on YouTube showed the incident may have been caused by Hamilton's behaviour behind the safety car.[19] Vettel bounced back to finish a career-best fourth a week later at the Chinese Grand Prix having started 17th on the grid while in mixed conditions. He collected five championship points, making it both his and Toro Rosso's best race result.[20]
Red Bull owner Dietrich Mateschitz stated his belief Vettel would be one of Formula One's big stars in the future. "Vettel is one of the young guys with extraordinary potential [...] He is fast, he is intelligent, and he is very interested in the technical side."[21]
2008[link]
See also: 2008 Formula One season
After four races of the 2008 season, Vettel was the only driver to have failed to finish a single race, having retired on the first lap in three of them. In each of these three instances, he was involved in accidents caused by other drivers, the other being an engine failure. However, at the fifth round at the Turkish Grand Prix, he finally saw the chequered flag, albeit finishing in 17th after qualifying 14th and suffering a puncture on the opening lap. In the next race at the Monaco Grand Prix, Vettel scored his first points of the season with a fifth place finish, after qualifying 17th. He scored again at the Canadian Grand Prix fighting off Heikki Kovalainen in the last few laps for the final championship point, having started from pit lane. Vettel finished 12th in France, before retiring on lap one at the wet British Grand Prix after being clipped by David Coulthard and aquaplaned into the gravel trap along with Coulthard. He earned another point at the German Grand Prix, fending off Fernando Alonso and securing eighth after Jarno Trulli ran wide. Vettel retired in Hungary after his engine overheated during his first pit stop. He impressed many at the European Grand Prix by setting the fastest times in the first practice session and second qualifying session, before qualifying sixth on the grid. Vettel finished the race in sixth, two seconds behind Jarno Trulli.
At the 2008 Italian Grand Prix, Vettel became the youngest driver in history to win a Formula One Grand Prix.[22] Aged 21 years and 74 days, Vettel broke the record set by Fernando Alonso at the 2003 Hungarian Grand Prix by 317 days when he won in wet conditions at Monza.[23] Vettel led for the majority of the Grand Prix and crossed the finish line 12.5 seconds ahead of McLaren's Heikki Kovalainen. It was the first podium and win for his Toro Rosso team.[24] Earlier in the weekend, he had already become the youngest polesitter, after setting the fastest times in both Q2 and Q3 qualifying stages,[25] and his win also gave him the record of youngest podium-finisher. Toro Rosso team boss Gerhard Berger said, "As he proved today, he can win races, but he's going to win world championships. He's a cool guy".[26] Hamilton praised the German, stating that this victory showed "how good he is".[26] The nature of the victory and the story of the 21 year old's fledgling career led the German media to dub him "baby Schumi", although Vettel was quick to downplay the expectation the result has brought, particularly the comparison with the seven-time World Champion: "To compare me with Michael Schumacher is just a bit ridiculous...It will be difficult in normal conditions for us to repeat this achievement".[27] He then went on to finish fifth in Singapore. In Japan, he finished sixth after being promoted from seventh after team-mate Bourdais was penalised for contact with Felipe Massa.
In the Brazilian Grand Prix, after running as high as second in the race on a 3-stop strategy, Vettel overtook Lewis Hamilton in the rain for fifth place on the penultimate lap to contribute to a thrilling climax to the season. He nearly deprived the McLaren driver of the championship before Timo Glock slowed dramatically on the last lap (he was struggling with dry tyres in the ever increasing rain) enabling both Vettel and Hamilton to pass him, earning Hamilton the title, and Vettel fourth place.
After the season had finished Vettel was named Autosport Rookie of the Year.
Red Bull Racing[link]
2009[link]
See also: 2009 Formula One season
At the start of the 2009 season, Vettel replaced the retired David Coulthard at Red Bull Racing, and began strongly at the Australian Grand Prix, qualifying third and running in second for the majority of the race. However, a clash with Robert Kubica over second place on the third to last lap of the race forced both to retire. Vettel attempted to finish the race on three wheels behind the safety car to salvage some points, but eventually pulled off to the side. He thought that he would be able to attempt this because the yellow flag resulting from his incident forbids overtaking; instead he was given a ten-place grid penalty for the next race, the Malaysian Grand Prix, and his team was fined for instructing him to stay on track after the damage occurred.[28] In Malaysia he qualified in third position, but was demoted down to 13th due to his ten-place grid drop. He spun out of the race while eighth, just before the race was stopped due to adverse weather conditions.[29] However in China he went on to take pole position, the first for the Red Bull Racing team. He went on to win the race ahead of team-mate Mark Webber, again a first for his team, which scored its first victory and one-two finish in the same race.[30] At the age of 21 years and 287 days, Vettel became the youngest Grand Prix driver in history to win for two different teams, having won the 2008 Italian Grand Prix for the Toro Rosso team.
In the Bahrain Grand Prix, Vettel qualified in third, and finished second behind Jenson Button in the race. In Spain, he qualified in second but finished the race in fourth, behind his team-mate Mark Webber who finished in third. Vettel won the British Grand Prix after claiming pole position in qualifying.[31] At the German Grand Prix he qualified fourth and finished second, behind Webber, who won his first Grand Prix.[32] At the Hungarian Grand Prix, Vettel qualified second after an eventful qualifying, but had to retire from the race on lap 30 after his car sustained damage from contact with Kimi Räikkönen's car on the first lap.[33]
At the European Grand Prix, he qualified fourth but had to retire from the race with an engine failure. It was the second engine failure for Vettel during the weekend, and the RB5's reliability issues began to show.[34] He finished third at Spa-Francorchamps, and struggled for pace at Monza, finishing 8th at a race he previously won. He qualified 2nd at Singapore, but was given a drive-though penalty for speeding in the pit lane and damaged the diffuser on a kerb, struggling to 4th. He subsequently won the Japanese Grand Prix from pole position, leading every lap and only being denied of the fastest lap by 0.002 seconds by teammate Mark Webber, who did so on the final lap.[35] He would have to wait until the 2011 Indian Grand Prix until he finally achieved a Grand Chelem.
At the Brazilian Grand Prix, Vettel qualified 16th in a rain-hit session, behind title rival Jenson Button (14th) and Rubens Barrichello (1st), while his team-mate Webber qualified second with Adrian Sutil in third. Vettel needed to score at least second place in the race to keep his title hopes alive. He finished fourth with Button behind, giving Button the Championship and moving Vettel up into second place. He officially claimed second place by winning the inaugural Abu Dhabi Grand Prix, again ahead of Webber with Button completing the podium. He also scored his third fastest lap of the year, drawing him level with team-mate Webber. However, as Vettel had more second fastest laps, he won the 2009 DHL Fastest Lap Award.[36]
2010[link]
See also: 2010 Formula One season
Vettel continued with Red Bull for 2010, and took the first pole position of the season at the Bahrain Grand Prix. Vettel went on to lead most of the race but a spark-plug failure meant that his lap times slowed down, and as a result the two Ferraris and the McLaren of Lewis Hamilton passed him. After a brief challenge from Rosberg he brought the car home in fourth.
At the Australian Grand Prix, Vettel was appointed as a director of the Grand Prix Drivers' Association.[37] He took his second consecutive pole position in Australia, ahead of team-mate Mark Webber, but spun off when leading the race, due to a loose wheel nut. In Malaysia, he took his first win of the 2010 season with Webber coming in second place, having passed both him and Nico Rosberg at turn one.[38]
Vettel qualified on pole at China alongside Webber. At the start of the wet race Fernando Alonso jump-started[39] and Vettel was passed by Webber, dropping back to third. The increasing rain forced Vettel and Webber to pit at the same time for intermediate tyres that wore out after only a few laps and dropped them back into the midfield. Vettel slowly climbed back up to finish sixth, ahead of Webber. In Spain, Vettel was outqualified by team-mate Webber and claimed second on the grid. Despite having a major brake problem during the last eight laps, Vettel managed third place after Hamilton crashed on the penultimate lap.
In Monaco Vettel was again outqualified by Webber. In the race he passed Kubica at the start and stayed there for the remainder of the Grand Prix and made it a Red Bull 1–2. After the race the two Red Bull drivers were equal on points in the drivers' championship, with Webber championship leader based on total wins. At the Turkish Grand Prix he qualified third and was running second behind Webber when he made a passing move on the Australian. The two collided, putting Vettel out of the race and dropping him to fifth in the drivers' championship, with neither driver accepting responsibility for causing the collision. He finished fourth at the Canadian Grand Prix, maintaining his position in the standings. He started the European Grand Prix in pole position and led from start to finish to score his second win of the season.
At Silverstone, both Vettel and Webber's cars were fitted with a new design of front wing. Vettel's front wing was damaged in the third practice session, and Webber's sole surviving example was removed and given to Vettel.[40] Vettel qualified in pole position ahead of his team-mate, but suffered a puncture caused by driving wide off the track on the first lap of the race and fell to the tail of the field. He fought back to finish seventh while Webber took the victory. At the German Grand Prix he took pole by 0.002 seconds, and finished in third position in the race, behind the Ferraris of Alonso and Felipe Massa, after a poor start. He also finished third in Hungary after serving a drive-through penalty for exceeding ten lengths behind the previous car, team-mate Webber, under neutralised safety car conditions. In Belgium, he had a tough race, hitting Button's car whilst attempting to pass, causing Button to retire. Vettel pitted and carried on, but then suffered a puncture whilst passing Liuzzi at the same place, completing a whole lap with a puncture. He eventually finished 15th, which was (other than his retirements in Australia and Turkey) was his worst finish of the season. At Monza he finished fourth after an engine problem scare, and at the Singapore Grand Prix, Vettel qualified and finished second, sticking on Alonso's tail for most of the race. He passed Button for fourth place in the championship. At the Japanese Grand Prix, he dominated all practice sessions bar one, as it was postponed after heavy rain. He qualified on pole ahead of team mate Webber and went on to win with a lights-to-flag victory. Aged 23 years and 98 days, Vettel became the youngest Grand Prix driver to win at the same track on two occasions, having also won the Japanese Grand Prix at Suzuka in 2009. At the first Korean Grand Prix, Vettel took pole and led the first 45 laps of the race before retiring with engine failure, handing victory to Alonso.
At the Brazilian Grand Prix, Vettel qualified second but took the lead at the first corner and led for the entire race to victory. With Webber taking second place, and Alonso finishing third, Vettel went into the final race of the season with a 15-point deficit to Alonso, and a 7-point gap to Webber. With the one-two finish in Brazil, Vettel and Webber secured Red Bull Racing's first Formula One World Constructors' Championship. He won the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix from pole again, to take the drivers' championship lead for the first time in his career and became the youngest world champion in the sport's history.[41][42][43] Following James Hunt in the 1976 season, this was also only the second time in Formula One history when the World Champion had not been championship leader at any earlier point in the season.
2011[link]
See also: 2011 Formula One season
After the postponement of the Bahrain Grand Prix, Vettel started his title defence in style in the Australian Grand Prix with pole position and a victory of 22 seconds over title rival Lewis Hamilton, who was nursing home his broken McLaren. Vettel continued his title defence in the Malaysian Grand Prix, where he pipped Hamilton for pole position by a tenth of a second, and went on to win the race from Jenson Button. Vettel completed his third pole position of the season at the Chinese Grand Prix, and appeared to be in dominating form for the majority of the race. However, poor tyre management haunted him in the last several laps, possibly being related to him being unable to properly communicate with his team as his radio was broken. He finished the race second, his championship lead cut to 21 points, by Hamilton, after three races.[44]
The Turkish Grand Prix started out poorly for Vettel, where he had very little practice time during the Friday free practice sessions, including a crash in the first session. Even with the limited practice, he claimed his fifth consecutive pole position and converted it into a win, extending his championship lead over Hamilton to 34 points. At the Spanish Grand Prix, his pole position streak ended as his KERS failed him during qualifying. His teammate Webber took pole, but Vettel went on to win the race by 0.6 seconds over Hamilton, as Hamilton chased him down at the end on prime tyres, despite Vettel having to deal with a frequently malfunctioning KERS.[45] The following weekend, in the Monaco Grand Prix, he took pole with the second fastest qualifying time in Monaco's history. Vettel was leading the race with a 5 second gap to second placed Button. Due to a radio malfunction the Red Bull pit crew was not prepared for Vettel when he pitted. The net result was that the pitstop was slow, and that he was sent out on the wrong tyres, handing the lead to Button as well. Vettel switched to a one-stop strategy, and stuck with one set of soft tyres for 56 laps. He was caught by Alonso and Button as his tyres deteriorated, but neither were able to pass him. With a few laps remaining, the race was red-flagged after Vitaly Petrov required an ambulance after an accident. The suspended race allowed teams to change tyres and work on the cars, and when the race was restarted under the safety car, Vettel was able to retain the lead during the last few laps.[46]
In Canada, he took his sixth pole position in seven races ahead of Fernando Alonso and Felipe Massa. Vettel kept his lead from the start of the race, and for the vast majority of the race he held on to it. The record six safety car periods due to the down-pouring rain and 2 hour race suspension profoundly hurt Vettel's chances of victory, however, as after every safety car restart Vettel would lose the gap he had previously built up on the other drivers. With much fresher tyres, Button caught Vettel and began to pressure him in the last lap. Vettel slid on a damp part of the track at Turn 6, and Button used the opportunity to slip past him to take the victory. Vettel finished second, yet still extended his championship lead to 60 points ahead of Button.
At the European Grand Prix, the FIA began enforcing a controversial ban on engine mappings. It was believed by many in the press that it was an attempt by the FIA to thwart Vettel's domination of the season.[47] The changes appeared to do little to hinder Vettel, as he took pole with the fastest qualifying lap in the track's history. He dominated the race with his first triple of 2011 with pole, fastest lap, and won his sixth race out of eight races. It was the first time in Formula One history where, in the first eight races, a driver finished first in six or more races and second or better in the remaining races.
The second set of controversial mid-season changes were implemented at Silverstone, targeting the blown diffusers. Red Bull believed the changes cost them about half a second per lap.[48] Webber just edged Vettel for pole position by 0.032 seconds in qualifying. On race day, Vettel made a better start, immediately took the lead and led the first half of the race. A delay at one of his pit stops gave the race lead to Alonso, who passed him in the pit lane, and dropped Vettel back to third, behind Hamilton. Despite a malfunctioning KERS unit, he was able to jump Hamilton in the stops and held off the faster Webber, who ignored a radio message from team principal Christian Horner to hold position, for second place, extending his lead in the championship.[49]
Vettel's run of fourteen successive front-row starts and eleven successive top two finishes ended at his home race, where he qualified third and finished fourth. McLaren's mechanical grip outclassed Red Bull in the wet in Hungary, and despite leading into the first corner from pole, he was quickly passed by both Hamilton and Button. Vettel eventually finished second in the race, held in mixed conditions. In Belgium, Vettel qualified on pole and won the race, his seventh victory of the season and seventeenth of his career. In victory, Vettel extended his lead in the championship to 92 points and, even with seven races left, his tally of 259 points surpassed his own record, from 2010 for the highest number of championship points accumulated in a season. At the Italian Grand Prix at Monza, he took his tenth pole position of the year – joining Ayrton Senna as the only drivers to have taken ten pole positions in two separate seasons – and the 25th of his career,[50] and eventually won the race after passing Alonso, who had overtaken Vettel at the start. Vettel led every lap from pole position in Singapore, despite a safety car period eliminating a 22 second lead that he had held. His ninth win of the season left only Jenson Button in championship contention, who was 124 points behind with five races remaining.
Vettel arrived in Japan needing only a single championship point, tenth place, to secure his second championship. In qualifying, Vettel recorded his twelfth pole position of the season, his fifth in succession, edging Button by 0.009 seconds. In the race Vettel held the lead until the second pit-stop phase, when Button used the undercut to get past.[51] He remained second after a safety car restart, but because he his tyres wore out not long after that, he slipped down to third behind Alonso. He tried to fight Alonso for the position, but after not getting past his race engineer told him to hold position to take the championship. Another podium secured his second successive title with four races remaining, making him the youngest ever double World Champion and also the youngest back-to-back Champion, joining only eight other drivers who had won consecutive titles.[52] In Korea, Vettel started second, but won the race – becoming the second driver to take at least ten wins in a season after Michael Schumacher[53] – after overtaking Lewis Hamilton on the first lap, building a healthy gap for the rest of the race and securing the fastest lap of the race, on the final lap. He helped secure Red Bull's second successive Constructors' World Championship in the process.[54][55] Vettel took his eleventh victory of the season in the inaugural Indian Grand Prix, leading every lap from pole position, as well as setting the race's fastest lap on the final lap, despite Red Bull turning down his engine in an effort not to risk the race victory.[56][57]
At the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix, Vettel took his fourteenth pole position of 2011 to equal the record of poles in a season set by Nigel Mansell in 1992. Vettel had a good start to maintain the lead by the first corner, but at the second corner, a right rear puncture saw him go sliding off the track. He returned to the pits, but suspension damage forced his first retirement since the 2010 Korean Grand Prix. Vettel then broke the record for the most poles in a season at the next round, the season finale in Brazil. He maintained his lead into the first corner but was slowed by gearbox trouble early in the race. He allowed teammate Webber to pass him as his problem worsened, but eventually finished second ahead of Button to complete a 1–2 for the team upon Webber's only victory of the year. Vettel completed the year with 15 poles, 11 victories and 17 podiums from 19 races; he also gained a total of 392 points in the process.
2012[link]
Vettel remained at Red Bull for the 2012 season,[58] and is again partnered by Mark Webber. He scored a second place finish at the opening race of the season in Australia.[59] Vettel started fifth in Malaysia, promoted from sixth after Kimi Räikkönen suffered a five-place grid penalty. Vettel spent the majority of the rain-affected race in fourth place, but picked a puncture from a collision with the HRT of Narain Karthikeyan on lap 47. He dropped to twelfth after pitting to replace the tyre, and finished eleventh after Pastor Maldonado retired late in the race with an engine failure. This was Vettel's first finish outside the points since the 2010 Belgian Grand Prix; Karthikeyan was given a 20-second post-race penalty for his part in the collision, which dropped Karthikeyan from 21st to 22nd and last.
After the race, Vettel and Red Bull boss Christian Horner criticised Karthikeyan's driving, with Vettel calling Karthikeyan an "idiot".[60] Karthikeyan hit back at Vettel, calling him a "cry-baby".[61] Later, Karthikeyan decided to call a truce with Vettel, stating his respect for Vettel's abilities and saying "I think we have to deal with it in a mature way and forget about it."[61] Vettel qualified eleventh for the Chinese Grand Prix; the first time he had qualified outside the top ten since the 2009 Brazilian Grand Prix,[62] although he ran as high as 2nd with 7 laps remaining until tyre wear on a 2-stop strategy took its toll and he dropped to 5th by the flag.
Vettel qualified in pole position for the first time in 2012 at the Bahrain Grand Prix. Vettel was able to lead for most of the race, despite coming under pressure from Kimi Räikkönen, and crossed the line in first place to take his first victory of the season; the result also saw Vettel go top of the driver's standings for the first time in 2012. At the Spanish GP, he maintained his championship lead, albeit only on countback, after a 6th place finish having started 7th following on from a qualifying session in which he didn't set a time in Q3. Vettel received a drive-through penalty for failing to slow for yellow flags during the race as well as having to change his front wing as a result of debris from an incident involving Michael Schumacher and Bruno Senna. After an eventful race at Monaco where he placed fourth, gaining 5 places from his ninth-place grid position, he is currently second in the Drivers' Championship, behind Alonso who finished third in the race.
Future[link]
On 21 August 2009 it was announced that Red Bull and Vettel have extended his contract until the end of the 2011 season[63] with an option for 2012. The option was taken up on 14 March 2011, as Vettel extended his contract with the team until the end of 2014.[64] Vettel has mentioned he would like to at some point in his career drive for Ferrari, while Red Bull believes he will stay with them for as long as they supply a competitive car.[65] Prior to the Japanese Grand Prix, Red Bull's advisor Helmut Marko expressed his wish to extend Vettel's contract for another two years, to 2016.[66]
Race of Champions[link]
Vettel competed in the 2007 Race of Champions at Wembley Stadium, representing the German team alongside Michael Schumacher.[67] Vettel and Schumacher won the Nations' Cup Title, after exciting finals. Vettel had to beat two RoC champions, Heikki Kovalainen and Marcus Grönholm, after Schumacher stalled his car. Vettel lost the individual competition however, in first heat, in his second battle against Kovalainen.
Vettel also competed in the 2008 Race of Champions, alongside Michael Schumacher. Once again they won the Nations' Cup Title after a close final against Scandinavia. In the Driver's Cup, Vettel beat Troy Bayliss in Round One, but lost to Sébastien Loeb in the Quarter-Finals. Again Vettel teamed up with Michael Schumacher for the 2009 RoC Nations Cup, which they went on to win in a run-off against the Great Britain team of Jenson Button and Andy Priaulx. In the 2010 edition, on home ground in Düsseldorf, Vettel again teamed up with Schumacher to win the Nations Cup for the fourth time in a row.[68] In the Driver's Cup, Vettel was eliminated in the semi-finals by Filipe Albuquerque, who went on to win the event.
In 2011, Vettel and Schumacher completed their fifth consecutive Nations Cup win, beating the Nordic team of Tom Kristensen and Juho Hänninen 2–0 in the final. In the semi-finals, Vettel had to beat both Andy Priaulx and Jenson Button, after Schumacher lost to Button.
Top Gear[link]
Vettel holds the fastest lap-time for a Formula One driver on BBC2's Top Gear programme in the "Star in a Reasonably-Priced Car" segment, with a lap of 1:44.0, beating previous holder Rubens Barrichello, and the old Stig, Ben Collins.
Helmet design[link]
Vettel's helmet, like most Red Bull-backed drivers, is heavily influenced by the energy drink company logo.
New to Vettel's helmet since the start of 2008 has been the incorporation of the red cross of the Kreis Bergstraße coat of arms on the front, just underneath the visor, in honour of the region of his birthplace, Heppenheim.
During pre-season testing for 2010, Vettel debuted a helmet resembling a Red Bull drink can complete with graphics of a stay-tab opener on top—which would become a recurring element in his helmets for this season. During the 2010 season, Vettel has used three main helmet designs, although he made some minor changes to some in certain races: besides his standard black helmet, he has used one with the same design but in chrome colors. For the 2010 Japanese Grand Prix, Vettel had a special white-red helmet design, with black kanji and hiragana for "gives you wings". In 2011 he uses his traditional helmet, with some regular changes, like the black top and chin area with blue stylized dots, similar to his black helmet used in 2010. Helmet manufacturer Arai have said that Vettel 'retires' a helmet design after each win.
Comparison to Michael Schumacher[link]
After Vettel's unexpected win in Monza, this led for the media to dub him the "Baby Schumi", "New Schumacher", but Vettel plays down the comparison stating he wanted to be the "New Vettel".[69] He was not just dubbed for his nationality but also because of his driving style, his concentration and the hands-on role he plays behind the scenes with his team of engineers. One difference is that Schumacher does not name his car but Vettel does, Julie (2008), Kate, Kate's Dirty Sister (2009), Luscious Liz, Randy Mandy (2010), Kinky Kylie (2011),[70] and Abbey (2012).[71]
Nevertheless, the similarities are marked. Like Schumacher, Vettel grew up in a small town with an everyday background—Schumacher's father a bricklayer and Vettel's a carpenter. Both had their first taste of racing at the Kerpen karting track near Cologne, not far from the Nürburgring. Vettel began driving in his garden lapping the garden many times, not even stopping to eat or shower, before he could legally take to the roads, and says his passion for cars was nurtured by watching Schumacher compete. He did not know that he would actually get to race his hero.[72]
Both Schumacher and Vettel impressed in their debut races, both of which took place in the middle of a Formula One season, and both drivers qualified seventh. Neither would ever drive for their debut teams again. Instead, both immediately joined with non-manufacturer teams founded upon sales of non-automobile-related products. Approximately a year after joining their new teams, as underdogs they would stun the Formula One world by winning races in cars few believed capable of winning. They would both add extra victories to their names in the following season before their cars' performance improved. In their third full Formula One season and both driving cars numbered 5, both won their first World Drivers' Championship, at which point both drivers had 10 Grand Prix wins on their records. Vettel became the youngest ever driver to win the World Drivers' Championship, while Schumacher, by a little over a week, only narrowly missed out on achieving the very same feat. Both drivers won their non-manufacturer teams' maiden World Drivers' Championship as well as World Constructors' Championship.
After winning his first championship in 2010, and being hailed as the 'Next Schumacher', Vettel has stated he did not want to aim for Schumacher's record after learning how hard it was to get one championship under his belt, though he would have liked to win more.[73] It was in their next seasons that the two drivers began to dominate the sport, both clinching their second successive title before the season was finished, (unlike the previous year) in only their fourth full season. Both drivers became the youngest ever double World Champion at the time, by doing this.
Infiniti FX Sebastian Vettel version[link]
In early 2011, Red Bull Racing's sponsor and partner Infiniti entered into discussions with Vettel regarding the possibility of a Formula One-inspired Infiniti FX. Vettel, who already owned his own FX50, expressed his interest in the performance capabilities of the FX platform, and as a result of six months of intense research and development, the 2012 Infiniti FX Sebastian Vettel Version Concept was officially unveiled at the Frankfurt Motor Show on 13 September 2011. On 10 October 2011, Infiniti confirmed that the FX Sebastian Vettel version would go into production.[74]
Honours[link]
In February 2012 Vettel was honoured with the highest sports award in Germany, the Silberne Lorbeerblatt – Silver Bay Laurel Leaf – in recognition of his multiple world titles and his exemplary character.[75]
Racing record[link]
Career summary[link]
* Season in progress.
Complete Formula 3 Euro Series results[link]
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position, races in italics indicate fastest lap)
| Year | Entrant | Chassis | Engine | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | DC | Points |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2005 | ASL Mücke Motorsport | Dallara F305/011 | Mercedes | HOC1 1 15 |
HOC1 2 5 |
PAU 1 7 |
PAU 2 11 |
SPA 1 DSQ |
SPA 2 13 |
MON 1 18 |
MON 2 17 |
OSC 1 5 |
OSC 2 5 |
NOR 1 2 |
NOR 2 4 |
NÜR 1 11 |
NÜR 2 2 |
ZAN 1 2 |
ZAN 2 2 |
LAU 1 3 |
LAU 2 15 |
HOC2 1 13 |
HOC2 2 3 |
5th | 57 |
| 2006 | ASM Formule 3 | Dallara F305/059 | Mercedes | HOC1 1 5 |
HOC1 2 1 |
LAU 1 3 |
LAU 2 6 |
OSC 1 5 |
OSC 2 14 |
BRH 1 2 |
BRH 2 7 |
NOR 1 2 |
NOR 2 Ret |
NÜR 1 1 |
NÜR 2 1 |
ZAN 1 24 |
ZAN 2 2 |
CAT 1 1 |
CAT 2 Ret |
LMS 1 9 |
LMS 2 9 |
HOC2 1 3 |
HOC2 2 12 |
2nd | 75 |
Complete Formula Renault 3.5 Series results[link]
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position, races in italics indicate fastest lap)
| Year | Entrant | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | DC | Points |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2006 | Carlin Motorsport | ZOL 1 |
ZOL 2 |
MON 1 |
IST 1 |
IST 2 |
MIS 1 1 |
MIS 2 2 |
SPA 1 Ret |
SPA 2 DNS |
NÜR 1 |
NÜR 2 |
DON 1 |
DON 2 |
LMS 1 |
LMS 2 |
CAT 1 |
CAT 2 |
15th | 28 |
| 2007 | Carlin Motorsport | MNZ 1 5 |
MNZ 2 3 |
NÜR 1 1 |
NÜR 2 6 |
MON 1 2 |
HUN 1 4 |
HUN 2 3 |
SPA 1 |
SPA 2 |
DON 1 |
DON 2 |
MAG 1 |
MAG 2 |
EST 1 |
EST 2 |
CAT 1 |
CAT 2 |
5th | 74 |
Complete Formula One results[link]
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
* Season in progress.
Formula One records[link]
Vettel, enjoying considerable success in the sport whilst still relatively young, holds the following Formula One records:
- Footnotes
- ^ Record shared with Nigel Mansell (1992).
References[link]
- ^ "Vettel makes history in taking pole at Italian Grand Prix". TSN. 13 September 2008. http://www.tsn.ca/auto_racing/story/?id=249341&lid=headline&lpos=secStory_main. Retrieved 13 September 2008.
- ^ "Vettel makes history with Italian Grand Prix win". TSN. 14 September 2008. http://www.tsn.ca/auto_racing/story/?id=249484&lid=headline&lpos=topStory_main. Retrieved 14 September 2008.
- ^ "Heldenverehrung: Gymnasium nach Rennfahrer Sebastian Vettel benannt". Der Spiegel. http://www.spiegel.de/schulspiegel/abi/0,1518,579026,00.html. Retrieved 25 September 2011.
- ^ "The Secret Life of Sebastian Vettel". formula1.com (Formula One Administration). 17 March 2010. http://www.formula1.com/news/interviews/2010/3/10542.html. Retrieved 18 March 2010.
- ^ "WS: Misano 2006 – Maldonado DQ gives Vettel win.". crash.net. 17 July 2006. http://www.crash.net/feature_view~t~WS--Misano-2006---Maldonado-DQ-gives-Vettel-win-~cid~7~id~9702.htm. Retrieved 1 June 2007.
- ^ "WS: Injury to sideline Vettel for weeks.". crash.net. 30 July 2006. http://www.crash.net/news_View~t~WS--Injury-to-sideline-Vettel-for-weeks-~cid~7~id~134663.htm. Retrieved 1 June 2007.
- ^ Autosport magazine, 10 August 2006, page 27
- ^ "Ammermuller replaces Vettel at Carlin". autosport.com. 15 August 2007. http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/61531. Retrieved 19 August 2007.
- ^ "2006 Turkish Grand Prix – Fri Prac 2". formula1.com. 25 August 2006. http://www.formula1.com/results/season/2006/764/6330/. Retrieved 1 June 2007.
- ^ "BMW names same drivers for 2007". grandprix.com. 19 October 2006. http://www.grandprix.com/ns/ns17640.html. Retrieved 1 June 2007.
- ^ "Vettel to replace Kubica at Indianapolis". autosport.com. 14 June 2007. http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/59765. Retrieved 14 June 2007.
- ^ "Vettel becomes F1's youngest scorer". itv-f1.com. 17 June 2007. http://www.itv-f1.com/News_Article.aspx?PO_ID=39687. Retrieved 18 June 2007.
- ^ "U.S. driver Scott Speed dropped by Toro Rosso, replaced by Sebastian Vettel". Associated Press. 31 July 2007. http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/07/31/sports/EU-SPT-CAR-F1-Speed-Dropped.php. Retrieved 21 July 2008.
- ^ "Vettel to earn $165, 000 at STR". flagworld.auto123.com. 1 August 2007. http://flagworld.auto123.com/en/racing/news/index,view.spy?artid=87349. Retrieved 1 August 2007.
- ^ "Vettel to race for Toro Rosso in 2008". autosport.com. 2 August 2007. http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/61270. Retrieved 2 August 2007.
- ^ "Toro Rosso confirm Bourdais for 2008". grandprix.com. 10 August 2008. http://www.grandprix.com/ns/ns19520.html. Retrieved 10 August 2008.
- ^ "Webber defends Hamilton comments". pitpass.com (Pitpass). 10 October 2007. http://www.pitpass.com/33132-Webber-defends-Hamilton-comments. Retrieved 6 June 2011.
- ^ "Webber Slams Hamilton For Erratic Driving". Dalje (Kontineo oglašavanje d.o.o.). 4 October 2007. http://dalje.com/en-sports/webber-slams-hamilton-for-erratic-driving/86755. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
- ^ "Stewards investigating Hamilton for Webber-Vettel crash". GPUpdate.net. 2007. http://www.gpupdate.net/en/f1-news/169614/stewards-investigating-hamilton-for-webber-vettel-crash/. Retrieved 1 February 2011.
- ^ "Flawless Vettel storms to fourth". F1Fanatic.co.uk. 2007. http://www.f1fanatic.co.uk/2007/10/07/flawless-vettel-storms-to-fourth/. Retrieved 7 October 2007.
- ^ www.autosport.com. Retrieved 30 January 2008.
- ^ Benson, Andrew (14 September 2008), "French Grand Prix", BBC Sport, http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/motorsport/formula_one/7615250.stm
- ^ Henry, Alan (15 September 2008), "Aged just 21 years and 74 days, Vettel is youngest ever grand prix winner", The Guardian (London), http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2008/sep/15/formulaone.motorsports1
- ^ "Vettel scores stunning maiden GP win", ITV Sport, 14 September 2008, http://www.itv-f1.com/news_article.aspx?id=43959
- ^ "Vettel claims Italian pole", Sky Sports, 13 September 2008, http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,12433_4139388,00.html
- ^ a b Benson, Andrew (14 September 2008), "French Grand Prix", BBC Sport, http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/motorsport/formula_one/7615755.stm
- ^ "Vettel: I'm not the next Michael Schumacher", Formula One News, 15 September 2008, http://www.planet-f1.com/story/0,18954,3213_4148169,00.html
- ^ "Vettel gets grid penalty for Malaysia". autosport.com. http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/74059. Retrieved 31 March 2009.
- ^ Cheese, Caroline (5 April 2009). "Malaysian Grand Prix as it happened". bbc.co.uk/sport. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/motorsport/formula_one/7984059.stm. Retrieved 5 April 2009.
- ^ Whyatt, Chris (19 April 2009). "Vettel seals first Red Bull win". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/motorsport/formula_one/8006717.stm. Retrieved 23 May 2010.
- ^ Cary, Tom (21 June 2009). "British Grand Prix: Sebastian Vettel claims win to chip away at Jenson Button's lead". The Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/motorsport/formulaone/5594381/British-Grand-Prix-Sebastian-Vettel-claims-win-to-chip-away-at-Jenson-Buttons-lead.html. Retrieved 25 June 2009.
- ^ "Mark Webber takes first win at German GP". Grandprix.com. 12 July 2009. http://www.grandprix.com/race/r812racenotes.html. Retrieved 19 July 2010.
- ^ "Lewis Hamilton wins Hungarian GP". Grandprix.com. 26 July 2009. http://www.grandprix.com/race/r813racenotes.html. Retrieved 19 July 2010.
- ^ "autosport.com". autosport.com. http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/77920. Retrieved 10 July 2010.
- ^ Spurgeon, Brad (4 October 2009). "Perfect Weekend for a German at Japanese Grand Prix". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/05/sports/autoracing/05iht-PRIX.html. Retrieved 17 November 2010.
- ^ "DHL Fastest Lap Award – 2009 Results". The Official Formula 1 Website. http://www.formula1.com/results/season/2009/dhl_fastest_laps.html. Retrieved 11 February 2009.
- ^ Noble, Jonathan (26 March 2010). "Heidfeld appointed GPDA chairman". autosport.com (Haymarket Publications). http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/82402. Retrieved 26 March 2010.
- ^ Weaver, Paul (4 April 2010). "Sebastian Vettel of Red Bull wins Formula One's Malaysian grand prix". The Guardian (Kuala Lumpur: Guardian Media Group). http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2010/apr/04/f1-formula-one-malaysian-grand-prix. Retrieved 6 April 2010.
- ^ "Chinese GP – Sunday – Race Report: Button rains on Red Bull parade". grandprix.com (Inside F1, Inc.). 18 April 2010. http://www.grandprix.com/race/r824racereport.html. Retrieved 10 August 2010.
- ^ Noble, Jonathan; Beer, Matt (10 July 2010). "Webber unhappy with wing situation". autosport.com (Haymarket Publications). http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/85160. Retrieved 8 August 2010.
- ^ "Sebastian Vettel wins Formula One world championship in Abu Dhabi". The Guardian (London: Guardian Media Group). 14 November 2010. http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2010/nov/14/sebastian-vettel-champion. Retrieved 15 November 2010.
- ^ Cary, Tom (14 November 2010). "Red Bull's Sebastian Vettel is crowned Formula One world champion". The Daily Telegraph (Yas Marina Circuit, Abu Dhabi: Telegraph Media Group). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/motorsport/formulaone/8132344/F1-Abu-Dhabi-Grand-Prix-2010-Red-Bulls-Sebastian-Vettel-is-crowned-Formula-One-world-champion.html. Retrieved 15 November 2010.
- ^ "Sebastian Vettel is youngest F1 champ". Associated Press. ESPN. 14 November 2010. http://sports.espn.go.com/rpm/racing/f1/news/story?id=5805142. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
- ^ "Hamilton stuns Vettel". Sky Sports (British Sky Broadcasting). 17 April 2011. http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,12433_6879510,00.html. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
- ^ "Lewis can't break Vettel KERS". Milton Keynes Citizen (Johnston Press). 23 May 2011. http://www.miltonkeynes.co.uk/sport/lewis_can_t_break_vettel_kers_1_2706038. Retrieved 24 May 2011.
- ^ "Drama on the Monaco streets". GP.com. 29 May 2011. http://www.grandprix.com/race/r845racereport.html.
- ^ "Webber: If Lewis wins by 50s, it's not down to regs". crash.net (Crash Media Group). 26 June 2011. http://www.crash.net/f1/news/170683/1/webber_if_lewis_wins_by_50s_its_not_down_to_regs.html. Retrieved 1 July 2011.
- ^ "Marko: Diffuser ban will cost Bulls". Planet F1 (TEAMtalk media). 29 June 2011. http://www.planet-f1.com/driver/18227/7009904/Marko-Diffuser-ban-will-cost-Bulls. Retrieved 1 July 2011.
- ^ Noble, Jonathan (11 July 2011). "Mark Webber says British GP team orders were 'unnecessary'". autosport.com (Haymarket Publications). http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/93033. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
- ^ Holt, Sarah (10 September 2011). "Sebastian Vettel pips Lewis Hamilton to Monza pole position". BBC Sport (BBC). http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/motorsport/formula_one/9586495.stm. Retrieved 21 September 2011.
- ^ Benammar, Emily (9 October 2011). "Japanese Grand Prix 2011: live". The Daily Telegraph (Telegraph Media Group). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/motorsport/formulaone/8816265/Japanese-Grand-Prix-2011-live.html. Retrieved 10 October 2011.
- ^ Richards, Giles (9 October 2011). "Sebastian Vettel secures back-to-back F1 world titles in Japan". The Guardian (Guardian Media Group). http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2011/oct/09/sebastian-vettel-wins-world-title. Retrieved 10 October 2011.
- ^ Allen, James (16 October 2011). "Red Bull constructors’ champions as Vettel wins Korean Grand Prix". James Allen on F1. James Allen. http://www.jamesallenonf1.com/2011/10/red-bull-constructors-champions-as-vettel-wins-korean-grand-prix/. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
- ^ Holt, Sarah (16 October 2011). "Sebastian Vettel wins Korean Grand Prix from Lewis Hamilton". BBC Sport (BBC). http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/formula_one/15326210.stm. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
- ^ "Red Bull celebrate second constructors' title". BBC Sport (BBC). 16 October 2011. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/formula_one/15326362.stm. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
- ^ Holt, Sarah (30 October 2011). "Vettel eases to inaugural Indian victory". Formula1.com (Formula One Administration). http://www.formula1.com/news/headlines/2011/10/12725.html. Retrieved 30 October 2011.
- ^ "Vettel Ignores Team To Take 'Clean Sweep'". The Motor Report (TMR Unit Trust). 30 October 2011. http://www.themotorreport.com.au/52769/f1-vettel-ignores-team-to-take-clean-sweep. Retrieved 2 November 2011.
- ^ "Sebastian Vettel On The Season Ahead". Red Bull Racing (Red Bull). 6 February 2012. http://www.redbullracing.com/cs/Satellite/en_INT/Article/F1-2012--Sebastian-Vettel-On-The-Season-Ahead-021243159170581. Retrieved 14 February 2012.
- ^ Benson, Andrew (18 March 2012). "Jenson Button wins Australian Grand Prix for McLaren". BBC Sport (BBC). http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/formula1/17419682. Retrieved 18 March 2012.
- ^ Benson, Andrew (26 March 2012). "Sebastian Vettel criticises ‘idiot’ backmarker in Malaysian GP". BBC Sport (BBC). http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/formula1/17506568. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
- ^ a b Benson, Andrew (30 March 2012). "Karthikeyan keen to move on from Vettel 'cry baby' comment". BBC Sport (BBC). http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/formula1/17550940. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
- ^ "We're doing our best – Vettel". Sporting Life (365 Media Group Ltd.). 14 April 2012. http://www.sportinglife.com/others/news/story_get.cgi?STORY_NAME=others/12/04/14/AUTO_Chinese_Vettel.html&BID=678. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
- ^ "Red Bull extend Vettel contract". gpupdate.net (GPUpdate). 21 August 2009. http://f1.gpupdate.net/en/formula-1-news/217838/red-bull-extend-vettel-contract/. Retrieved 1 April 2010.
- ^ Benson, Andrew (14 March 2011). "Sebastian Vettel extends contract with Red Bull". BBC Sport (BBC). http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/motorsport/formula_one/9424199.stm. Retrieved 14 March 2011.
- ^ "I've got wings! Sebastian Vettel shuns Ferrari to commit to Red Bull to 2014". Daily Mail (Associated Newspapers). 14 March 2011. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/formulaone/article-1366077/Sebastian-Vettel-shuns-Ferrari-commit-Red-Bull-2014.html. Retrieved 2 June 2011.
- ^ "Marko eyes Vettel contract extension to 2016". GMM. Speed. 5 October 2011. http://formula-one.speedtv.com/article/f1-helmut-marko-eyes-sebastian-vettel-contract-extension-to-2016/work=SPEEDTV.com. Retrieved 9 October 2011.
- ^ "Vettel to represent Germany at RoC". planet-f1.com. 26 October 2007. http://www.planet-f1.com/story/0,18954,3213_2826546,00.html. Retrieved 26 October 2007.
- ^ "Schumacher, Vettel win Nations Cup". AutoWeek (Crain Communications). 27 November 2010. http://www.autoweek.com/article/20101127/MOTORSPORTS/101129928. Retrieved 30 November 2010.
- ^ Arron, Simon (15 September 2008). "Sebastian Vettel joins Formula One's young fast set with Monza victory". The Daily Telegraph (London: Telegraph Media Group). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/motorsport/formulaone/2964390/Sebastian-Vettel-joins-Formula-Ones-young-fast-set-with-Monza-victory-F1.html. Retrieved 11 August 2010.
- ^ "Sebastian Vettel, Luscious Liz...and police called Michael Schumacher". crash.net (Crash Media Group). 9 March 2010. http://www.crash.net/f1/news/157557/1/sebastian_vettel_luscious_lizand_police_called_michael_schumacher.html. Retrieved 11 August 2010.
- ^ "Sebastian Vettel names 2012 Red Bull car Abbey as he looks to defend Formula One world title". The Daily Telegraph (Telegraph Media Group). 14 March 2012. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/motorsport/formulaone/sebastian-vettel/9142718/Sebastian-Vettel-names-2012-Red-Bull-car-Abbey-as-he-looks-to-defend-Formula-One-world-title.html. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
- ^ Gray, Will (9 August 2009). "My life in cars: Sebastian Vettel". The Sunday Times (London: News Corporation). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/driving/features/article6779690.ece. Retrieved 19 July 2010.
- ^ Harley, Donald (23 November 2010). "Sebastian Vettel refuses to compare himself to Michael Schumacher". Bettor. Ibetx Ltd.. http://blogs.bettor.com/Sebastian-Vettel-refuses-to-compare-himself-to-Michael-Schumacher-a43079. Retrieved 23 November 2010.
- ^ Condon, Joshua (10 October 2011). "Sebastian Vettel-Inspired Infiniti FX Headed for Production". MSN Autos (Microsoft). http://editorial.autos.msn.com/blogs/autosblogpost.aspx?post=f52605fd-234e-4ca7-874d-cf5cf5d41ce2. Retrieved 12 October 2011.
- ^ Allen, James (24 February 2012). "Vettel Honoured by German Nation". James Allen on F1. James Allen. http://www.jamesallenonf1.com/2012/02/vettel-honoured-by-german-nation/. Retrieved 24 February 2012.
- ^ http://f1-grandprix.com/?page_id=3158
- ^ "Sebastian Vettel – A Short Biography". redbullreporter.com. 23 March 2011. http://www.redbullreporter.com/submission/sebastian-vettel-a-short-biography. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
- ^ "Today's race in Montreal gives Austin a glimpse of its F1 future". Statesman.com. 11 June 2011. http://www.statesman.com/sports/formula1/todays-race-in-montreal-gives-austin-a-glimpse-1534218.html.
- ^ a b c d "Superman Seb! Youngest F1 champion cried with joy at his triumph for Red Bull". Daily Mail. 14 November 2010. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/formulaone/article-1329665/Sebastian-Vettel-cried-joy-triumph-Red-Bull.html. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
- ^ a b "Sebastian Vettel: F1 driver profile". Daily Telegraph. 9 March 2010. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/motorsport/formulaone/redbull/7404664/Sebastian-Vettel-F1-driver-profile.html. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
- ^ "I don't have blood, but engine fuel, running through my veins!". redbullreporter.com. 4 April 2011. http://www.redbullreporter.com/submission/i-don-t-have-blood-but-engine-fuel-running-through-my-veins-give-me-wings-and-watch-me-take-off-make-me-the-f1-red-bull-reporter-and-you-won-t-regret-it. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Sebastian Vettel |
- Sebastian Vettel official site (German)
- Sebastian Vettel at the Internet Movie Database
- Profile – from Formula 1 official website
- Profile – from BBC F1
- Profile – from ESPN
- Vettel's career details
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Vettel, Sebastian |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | German racing driver |
| Date of birth | 3 July 1987 |
| Place of birth | Heppenheim, Hesse, West Germany |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Sebastian_Vettel
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Sebastian Vettel
http://cs.wn.com/Sebastian Vettel
http://id.wn.com/Sebastian Vettel
http://es.wn.com/Sebastian Vettel
http://ru.wn.com/Феттель, Себастьян
http://pt.wn.com/Sebastian Vettel
http://pl.wn.com/Sebastian Vettel
http://fr.wn.com/Sebastian Vettel
http://de.wn.com/Sebastian Vettel
http://nl.wn.com/Sebastian Vettel
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebastian_Vettel
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Medal record | ||
|---|---|---|
| Men's canoe sprint | ||
| World Championships | ||
| Gold | 1999 Milan | K-2 500 m |
| Gold | 2006 Szeged | K-1 500 m |
| Gold | 2011 Szeged | K-1 500 m |
| Silver | 1999 Milan | K-2 1000 m |
| Silver | 1999 Milan | K-4 200 m |
| Silver | 2002 Seville | K-2 200 m |
| Silver | 2002 Seville | K-2 500 m |
| Silver | 2003 Gainesville | K-2 200 m |
| Silver | 2005 Zagreb | K-2 500 m |
| Silver | 2006 Szeged | K-2 200 m |
| Silver | 2006 Szeged | K-4 1000 m |
| Silver | 2007 Duisburg | K-4 1000 m |
| Bronze | 1999 Milan | K-2 200 m |
| Bronze | 2005 Zagreb | K-2 200 m |
| Bronze | 2005 Zagreb | K-4 1000 m |
| Bronze | 2007 Duisburg | K-1 500 m |
Marek Twardowski (born October 6, 1979 in Białystok) is a Polish sprint canoer who has competed since the late 1990s. He won fifteen medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with two golds (K-1 500 m: 2006, K-2 500 m: 1999), nine silvers (K-2 200 m: 2002, 2003, 2006; K-2 500 m: 2002, 2005; K-2 1000 m: 1999, K-4 200 m: 1999, K-4 1000 m: 2006, 2007), and four bronzes (K-1 500 m: 2007, K-2 200 m: 1999, 2005; K-4 1000 m: 2007).
Twardowski also competed in three Summer Olympics, earning his best finish of fourth in the K-2 500 m event at Athens in 2004.
Nicknamed Twardy, he is 182 cm (6'0) tall and weighs 85 kg (187 lbs). Twardowski is a member of the Sparta Augustów club where he is coached by Andrzej Siemion.
On July 9, 2008 he was named the Polish national flag bearer for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing.
References[link]
- ICF medalists for Olympic and World Championships - Part 1: flatwater (now sprint): 1936-2007.
- ICF medalists for Olympic and World Championships - Part 2: rest of flatwater (now sprint) and remaining canoeing disciplines: 1936-2007.
- Sports-reference.com profile
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Twardowski, Marek |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Polish canoeist |
| Date of birth | October 6, 1979 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
   |
This article about a Polish canoeist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
http://wn.com/Marek_Twardowski
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Твардовский, Марек
http://pl.wn.com/Marek Twardowski
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marek_Twardowski
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For other people named Will Smith, see William Smith (disambiguation).
| Will Smith | |
|---|---|
 Smith in 2011 |
|
| Born | Willard Christopher Smith, Jr. (1968-09-25) September 25, 1968 (age 43) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States |
| Other names | The Fresh Prince |
| Occupation | Actor, producer, rapper |
| Years active | 1985–1993, 1997–2005 (rapping), 1990–present (acting) |
| Spouse |
Sheree Zampino (m. 1992–1995) «start: (1992)–end+1: (1996)»"Marriage: Sheree Zampino to Will Smith" Location: (linkback:http://en-wiki.pop.wn.com/index.php/Will_Smith) |
| Children | Trey Smith Jaden Smith Willow Smith |
| Website | |
| www.willsmith.com | |
Willard Christopher "Will" Smith, Jr. (born September 25, 1968),[1] also known by his stage name The Fresh Prince, is an American actor, producer, and rapper. He has enjoyed success in television, film and music. In April 2007, Newsweek called him the most powerful actor in Hollywood.[2] Smith has been nominated for four Golden Globe Awards, two Academy Awards, and has won multiple Grammy Awards.
In the late 1980s, Smith achieved modest fame as a rapper under the name The Fresh Prince. In 1990, his popularity increased dramatically when he starred in the popular television series The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air. The show ran for nearly six years (1990–1996) on NBC and has been syndicated consistently on various networks since then. In the mid-1990s, Smith moved from television to film, and ultimately starred in numerous blockbuster films. He is the only actor to have eight consecutive films gross over $100 million in the domestic box office and the only one to have eight consecutive films in which he starred open at #1 spot in the domestic box office tally.[3]
Fourteen of the nineteen fiction films he has acted in have accumulated worldwide gross earnings of over $100 million, and four took in over $500 million in global box office receipts. As of 2011, his films have grossed $5.7 billion in global box office.[4] His most financially successful films have been Bad Boys, Bad Boys II, Independence Day, Men in Black, Men in Black II, I, Robot, I Am Legend, Hancock, Wild Wild West, Enemy of the State, Shark Tale, Hitch and Seven Pounds. He also earned critical praise for his performances in Six Degrees of Separation, Ali and The Pursuit of Happyness, receiving Best Actor Oscar nominations for the latter two.
Contents |
Family and early life[link]
Born and raised in the Wynnefield section of West Philadelphia, Smith also lived in Germantown in Northwest Philadelphia. His mother, Caroline (née Bright), was a school administrator who worked for the Philadelphia school board, and his father, Willard Christopher Smith, Sr., was a refrigeration engineer.[5][6] He was raised Baptist.[7] His parents separated when he was thirteen,[8] and did not actually divorce until around 2000.[9]
It is untrue, though widely reported, that Smith turned down a scholarship to attend the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); he never applied to the school,[10] although he was admitted to a "pre-engineering program" there.[9] According to Smith, "My mother, who worked for the School Board of Philadelphia, had a friend who was the admissions officer at MIT. I had pretty high SAT scores and they needed black kids, so I probably could have gotten in. But I had no intention of going to college."[11]
Recording and acting career[link]
Early work (1985–1995)[link]
Smith started as the MC of the hip-hop duo DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince, with his childhood friend Jeffrey "DJ Jazzy Jeff" Townes as turntablist and producer,[12] as well as Ready Rock C (Clarence Holmes) as the human beat box. The trio was known for performing humorous, radio-friendly songs, most notably "Parents Just Don't Understand" and "Summertime".[12] They gained critical acclaim and won the first Grammy awarded in the Rap category (1988).[12]
Smith had a line in "Voices That Care", a 1991 Persian Gulf War song by a celebrity group. Smith spent money freely during his early career and underpaid his income taxes.[12] The Internal Revenue Service eventually assessed a $2.8 million tax debt against Smith, took many of his possessions, and garnished his income.[13] Smith was nearly bankrupt in 1990, when the NBC television network signed him to a contract and built a sitcom, The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, around him.[12]
The show was successful and began his acting career. Smith set for himself the goal of becoming "the biggest movie star in the world," studying box office successes' common characteristics.[8] His first major roles were in the drama Six Degrees of Separation (1993) and the action film Bad Boys (1995) which he starred opposite of Martin Lawrence.
Breakthrough (1996–2000)[link]
In 1996, Smith starred as part of an ensemble cast in Roland Emmerich's Independence Day. The film was a massive blockbuster, becoming the second highest grossing film in history at the time and establishing Smith as a prime box office draw.[14] He later struck gold again in the summer of 1997 alongside Tommy Lee Jones in the summer hit Men in Black playing Agent J. In 1998, Smith starred with Gene Hackman in Enemy of the State.[12]
He turned down the role of Neo in The Matrix in favor of Wild Wild West (1999). Despite the disappointment of Wild Wild West, Smith has said that he harbors no regrets about his decision, asserting that Keanu Reeves's performance as Neo was superior to what Smith himself would have achieved.[15] Though in interviews subsequent to the release of Wild Wild West he stated that he "made a mistake on Wild Wild West. That could have been better."[16]
2001–present[link]
In 2005, Smith was entered into the Guinness Book of World Records for attending a record breaking three premieres in a 24-hour time span.[17]
He has planned to star in a feature film remake of the television series It Takes a Thief.[18]
On December 10, 2007, Smith was recognized at Grauman's Chinese Theatre on Hollywood Boulevard. Smith left an imprint of his hands and feet outside the world renowned theater in front of many fans.[19] Later that month, Smith starred in the film I Am Legend, released December 14, 2007. Despite marginally positive reviews,[20] its opening was the largest ever for a film released in the United States during December. Smith himself has said that he considers the film to be "aggressively unique".[21] A reviewer said that the film's commercial success "cemented [Smith's] standing as the number one box office draw in Hollywood."[22] On December 1, 2008, TV Guide reported that Smith has been selected as one of America’s top ten most fascinating people of 2008 for a Barbara Walters ABC special that aired on December 4, 2008.[23]
Smith is currently developing a film entitled The Last Pharaoh, in which he will star as Taharqa.[24]
President Barack Obama has stated that if a film were to ever be made about his life, he would have Smith play his part, because "he has the ears". Obama stated that the two have discussed a possibility of a film based on the 2008 election, but this may not happen until the end of the Obama presidency.[25]
Men in Black III opened on May 25, 2012. In it, Smith will play Agent J for the third time, being one of his more popular earlier roles coincides with the fact that it will be his first major starring role in four years.
On August 19, 2011, it was announced[26] that Smith had returned to the studio with producer La Mar Edwards to make a new album. Edwards has worked with artists such as T.I., Chris Brown, and Game.
Smith and his son, Jaden, are currently filming After Earth, which is set for a 2013 release.
Personal life[link]
Smith was raised by his parents in West Philadelphia. Smith credits his father's dedication when discussing his involvement in the lives of his own children: "I look at my father and how he was able to keep four kids fed and clothed and still managed to find time to spend with us."[27] Smith married Sheree Zampino in 1992. They had a son, Willard Christopher Smith III, also known as "Trey", but divorced in 1995. Trey appeared in his father's music video for the 1998 single "Just the Two of Us".
Smith married actress Jada Pinkett in 1997. Together they have had two children: Jaden Christopher Syre (born 1998), his co-star in The Pursuit of Happyness, and Willow Camille Reign (born 2000), who appeared as his daughter in I Am Legend. Along with his brother, Harry Smith, he owns Treyball Development Inc.,[28] a Beverly Hills-based company named after his first son. Smith and his family reside on Star Island in Miami Beach, Florida and in Los Angeles, Stockholm, Sweden[29] and Philadelphia.
Smith was consistently listed in Fortune Magazine's "Richest 40" list of the forty wealthiest Americans under the age of 40. He donated $4,600 to the presidential campaign of Democrat Barack Obama.[30] On December 11, 2009, Smith and his wife hosted the Nobel Peace Prize Concert in Oslo, Norway, when Obama had won the prize.[31]
Smith has said he has studied multiple religions, including Scientology, and he has said many complimentary things about Scientology and other faiths. Despite his praise of Scientology, Smith said "I just think a lot of the ideas in Scientology are brilliant and revolutionary and non-religious"[32][33] and "Ninety-eight percent of the principles in Scientology are identical to the principles of the Bible.... I don't think that because the word someone uses for spirit is 'thetan' that the definition becomes any different."[34] He has denied having joined the Church of Scientology, saying "I am a Christian. I am a student of all religions, and I respect all people and all paths."[35]
Smith gave $1.3 million to charities in 2007, of which $450,000 went to two Christian ministries, and $122,500 went to three Scientology organizations; the remaining beneficiaries included "a Los Angeles mosque, other Christian-based schools and churches, and [...] the Yitzhak Rabin Memorial Center in Israel".[36] Smith and his wife have also founded a private elementary school in Calabasas, California, the New Village Leadership Academy, which uses Study Technology, a teaching methodology developed by L. Ron Hubbard, the founder of Scientology.[37] Federal tax filing showed that Will Smith donated $1.2 million to the school in 2010.[38]
In 2012 he expressed support for the legalizing of same-sex marriage, in an endorsement of president Barack Obama's declaration to adopt this stance on the issue.[39]
Discography[link]
Main articles: Will Smith discography and DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince discography
With DJ Jazzy Jeff[link]
- Rock the House (1987)
- He's the DJ, I'm the Rapper (1988)
- And in This Corner... (1989)
- Homebase (1991)
- Code Red (1993)
Solo[link]
- Big Willie Style (1997)
- Willennium (1999)
- Born to Reign (2002)
- Lost and Found (2005)
Filmography[link]
Television[link]
| Year | Show | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | Saturday Morning Videos | Host | |
| ABC Afterschool Special – "The Perfect Date" | Hawker | ||
| The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air | Will Smith | 1990–1996 | |
| 1992 | Blossom | Himself | Cameo, episode 18 "I'm with the Band" |
| 1997 | Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child | Pinocchio | Episode 14 of Season 2 which aired on April 13, 1997. |
| 2003 | All of Us | Johnny | 2003–2004; 3 episodes; Creator/Executive Producer |
| 2004 | American Chopper | Himself | Cameo |
Film[link]
| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1992 | Where the Day Takes You | Manny | |
| 1993 | Made in America | Tea Cake Walters | |
| Six Degrees of Separation | Paul | ||
| 1995 | Bad Boys | Detective Mike Lowrey | |
| 1996 | Independence Day | Captain Steven "Steve" Hiller, USMC | MTV Movie Award for Best Kiss |
| 1997 | Men in Black | James Darrell Edwards / Agent J | MTV Movie Award for Best Fight MTV Movie Award for Best Song from a Movie |
| 1998 | Enemy of the State | Robert Clayton Dean | Nominated—NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture |
| 1999 | Torrance Rises | Himself | Cameo |
| Wild Wild West | Captain James "Jim" West | ||
| 2000 | Welcome to Hollywood | Himself | |
| The Legend of Bagger Vance | Bagger Vance | Nominated—NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture | |
| 2001 | Ali | Muhammad Ali | MTV Movie Award for Best Performance Nominated—Academy Award for Best Actor Nominated—Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama Nominated—NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture |
| 2002 | Men in Black II | James Darrell Edwards / Agent J | BET Award for Best Actor Nominated—Black Reel Award for Best Actor |
| "Girlfriend" by B2K | The Godfather | Music video | |
| 2003 | Bad Boys II | Detective Mike Lowrey | Nominated—NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture |
| 2004 | A Closer Walk | Narrator | Documentary |
| Jersey Girl | Himself | Uncredited Cameo | |
| I, Robot | Detective Del Spooner | Producer Nominated—NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture |
|
| The Seat Filler | Executive Producer; Independent Film | ||
| Saving Face | Producer | ||
| Shark Tale | Oscar | Voice | |
| 2005 | There's a God on the Mic | Documentary | |
| Hitch | Alex "Hitch" Hitchens | Producer Nominated—BET Award for Best Actor Nominated—Black Movie Award for Best Actor Nominated—Black Reel Award for Best Actor Nominated—NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture |
|
| 2006 | The Pursuit of Happyness | Chris Gardner | Producer Nominated—Academy Award for Best Actor Nominated—Black Reel Award for Best Actor Nominated—Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor Nominated—Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama Nominated—NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture Nominated—Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role |
| 2007 | I Am Legend | Dr. Robert Neville | Producer MTV Movie Award for Best Performance Saturn Award for Best Actor Nominated—BET Award for Best Actor Nominated—NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture |
| 2008 | Hancock | John Hancock | Producer Nominated – Saturn Award for Best Actor |
| Lakeview Terrace | Producer | ||
| The Secret Life of Bees | Producer | ||
| Seven Pounds | Ben Thomas | Producer | |
| 2010 | The Karate Kid | Producer | |
| 2012 | This Means War | Producer |
|
| Men in Black III[40] | James Darrell Edwards / Agent J | ||
| 2013 | After Earth | Jack | Producer |
Box office grosses[link]
| Year | Title | Budget | U.S. gross[41] | Worldwide gross[41] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1992 | Where the Day Takes You | N/A | $390,152 | $390,152 |
| 1993 | Made in America | $44,942,695 | $104,942,695 | |
| Six Degrees of Separation | $6,284,090 | $6,284,090 | ||
| 1995 | Bad Boys | $23m | $65,647,413 | $141,247,413 |
| 1996 | Independence Day | $75m | $306,169,255 | $817,400,878 |
| 1997 | Men in Black | $90m | $250,690,539 | $587,790,539 |
| 1998 | Enemy of the State | $111,549,836 | $250,649,836 | |
| 1999 | Wild Wild West | $170m | $113,805,681 | $222,105,681 |
| 2000 | The Legend of Bagger Vance | $80m | $30,695,227 | $39,235,486 |
| 2001 | Ali | $107m | $58,183,966 | $84,383,966 |
| 2002 | Men in Black II | $140m | $190,418,803 | $441,818,803 |
| 2003 | Bad Boys II | $60m | $138,540,870 | $272,940,870 |
| 2004 | I, Robot | $120m | $144,801,023 | $348,601,023 |
| Shark Tale | $75m | $161,192,000 | $367,192,000 | |
| 2005 | Hitch | $70m | $177,784,257 | $366,784,257 |
| 2006 | The Pursuit of Happyness | $55m | $162,586,036 | $306,086,036 |
| 2007 | I Am Legend | $150m | $256,393,010 | $585,055,701 |
| 2008 | Hancock | $227,946,274 | $624,346,274 | |
| Seven Pounds | $55m | $69,369,933 | $166,617,328 | |
| 2012 | Men in Black 3 | $69,254,717[42] | $202,454,717 |
References[link]
- ^ Ankeny, Jason. "Will Smith > Overview". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p278403. Retrieved June 30, 2010.
- ^ Sean Smith (2007-04-09). "The $4 Billion Man". Newsweek. http://www.newsweek.com/2007/04/15/the-4-billion-man.html. Retrieved July 7, 2011.
- ^ "WEEKEND ESTIMATES: 'Hancock' Delivers $107M 5-Day Opening, Giving Will Smith a Record Eighth Consecutive $100M Grossing Movie!; 'WALL-E' with $33M 3-Day; 'Wanted' Down 60 Percent for $20.6M; 'Kit Kittredge' a Disaster!". Fantasy Moguls. 2008-07-03. http://news.fantasymoguls.com/originalcontent/2008/07/early-wednesday.html. Retrieved 2008-07-07.
- ^ Staskiewicz, Keith. "Will Smith's Road to Superstardom". Entertainment Weekly. July 8, 2011. page 10
- ^ "Will Smith Biography (1968–)". Filmreference.com. http://www.filmreference.com/film/92/Will-Smith.html. Retrieved 2010-06-23.
- ^ "Where there's a Will, there's a way". Taipei Times. 2004-08-09. http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2004/08/09/2003198111.
- ^ Strauss, Bob (2007-12-14). "Will Smith on power, dogs and Cruise". Houston Chronicle. http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/ent/movies/5377381.html. Retrieved 2011-07-24.
- ^ a b Rebecca Winters Keegan (2007-11-29). "The Legend of Will Smith". Time. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1689234,00.html.
- ^ a b James Lipton (producer) (2002-01-13). "Will Smith". Inside the Actors Studio. episode 806. season 8. Bravo. http://www.bravotv.com/Inside_the_Actors_Studio/guest/Will_Smith.
- ^ Jennifer Hillner; Wu, JS; Hyland, B; Lu, XD; Chen, JJ (December 2007). "I, Robocop". Wired 46 (8): 833–9. DOI:10.1007/s11517-008-0355-6. PMID 18509686. http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/12.07/smith.html.
- ^ Meg Grant (December 2006). "Will Smith Interview: Will's Roots". Reader's Digest. http://www.rd.com/content/openContent.do?contentId=31133. Retrieved 2006-06-27.
- ^ a b c d e f Stated on Inside the Actors Studio, 2002
- ^ Smith, Will (2007-12-02). Interview with Steve Kroft. 60 Minutes. CBS.
- ^ "Independence Day". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=independenceday.htm. Retrieved 2011-07-24.
- ^ "Smith has no Matrix Regrets". Contactmusic.com. http://www.contactmusic.com/new/xmlfeed.nsf/mndwebpages/smith%20has%20no%20matrix%20regrets. Retrieved 2010-06-23.
- ^ Total Film magazine, Feb 2009 Issue 151, pp 120-125, Will Smith: The Total Film Interview, by Lesley O'Toole, Future Publishing Ltd., London England
- ^ Daniel Saney (2005-02-23). "Will Smith in Guinness Book of Records". Digital Spy. http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/showbiz/a19424/will-smith-in-guinness-book-of-records.html.
- ^ Gabriel Snyder; Michael Fleming (2006-03-21). "U finds man of steal for 'Thief' feature". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117940129.html.
- ^ "''HHWorlds.com'' – Will Smith Immortalized At Grauman's Chinese Theater". Hhworlds.com. http://www.hhworlds.com/f11/12-11-07-will-smith-immortalized-grauman-s-chinese-theater-9841.html#post102972. Retrieved 2010-06-23.
- ^ "I Am Legend". Rotten Tomatoes. http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/i_am_legend/. Retrieved 2010-06-23.
- ^ Will Smith: He is a legend video interview with stv.tv, December 2007
- ^ Gitesh Pandya (2007-12-16). "Box Office Guru Wrapup: Will Smith Rescues Industry With Explosive Opening For I Am Legend". Rotten Tomatoes. http://www.rottentomatoes.com/news/1697664. Retrieved 2007-12-17.
- ^ Barbara Walters Gets Up Close with 2008's Most Fascinating People" TV Guide. December 1, 2008. Retrieved on December 3, 2008.
- ^ "Will Smith set to conquer Egypt?". Jam Showbiz. 2008-03-23. http://jam.canoe.ca/Movies/Artists/S/Smith_Will/2008/03/23/5078376-sun.html. Retrieved 2008-03-23.
- ^ "In the movie of Obama's life, he'd pick Will Smith to star". Sun-Times. 2008-02-26. http://www.suntimes.com/entertainment/people/813369,obamamovies022608.article. Retrieved 2009-12-09. "Will and I have talked about this because he has the ears!"
- ^ "Will Smith making a new album? A producer says yes". Entertainment Weekly. http://music-mix.ew.com/2011/08/19/will-smith-new-album/.
- ^ "Becoming ... Will Smith". People. 2005-03-28. http://www.people.com/people/gallery/0,,661258_5,00.html. Retrieved 2010-05-16.
- ^ "Treyball Development". Treyball Development. http://www.treyballdevelopment.com. Retrieved 2010-06-23.
- ^ "Hail to the chief: Mr Will Smith shall go to Washington". Daily Mail. UK. 2007-12-27. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/moslive/article-500394/Hail-chief-Mr-Will-Smith-shall-Washington.html. Retrieved 2010-05-16.
- ^ "Will Smith's Federal Campaign Contribution Report". newsmeat.com. http://www.newsmeat.com/celebrity_political_donations/Will_Smith.php. Retrieved 2008-01-11.
- ^ "The Nobel Peace Prize Concert". nobelpeaceprize.org. http://nobelpeaceprize.org/concert/history/2009.php. Retrieved 2011-01-11.
- ^ "Smith Turns Down Cruise's Scientology Bid". Hollywood.com. 2006-12-01. http://www.hollywood.com/news/Smith_Turns_Down_Cruises_Scientology_Bid/3591886.
- ^ Clark Collis (June 2005). "Dear Superstar: Will Smith". Blender. http://www.blender.com/guide/articles.aspx?id=1604.
- ^ "Will Smith Admits to Studying Scientology With Tom Cruise". US Magazine. 2007-11-20. http://www.usmagazine.com/node/13443.
- ^ "Will and Jada are not Scientologists". MSN Entertainment. 2008-03-18. Archived from the original on 2008-04-08. http://web.archive.org/web/20080408090704/http://entertainment.uk.msn.com/news/article.aspx?cp-documentid=7843428.
- ^ Friedman, Roger (December 17, 2008). "Will Smith Gives $1.3 Million to Charities". Fox News. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,468644,00.html. Retrieved 2010-07-08.
- ^ Downie, Heather (2000-09-11). "What Goes on Inside Will Smith, Jada Pinkett-Smith's School? The New Village Leadership Academy Allegedly Mimics Some Scientology Teaching Methods". ABC News. http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/smiths-alleged-scientology-school/story?id=8331367&page=1.
- ^ http://www.forbes.com/sites/rogerfriedman/2012/04/24/will-smith-invested-1-2-mil-into-school-with-scientology-ties-in-2010/
- ^ Will Smith supports gay marriage retrieved 16 May 2012
- ^ Brendon Connelly (April 21, 2010). "Barry Sonnenfeld Confirms Will Smith and Tommy Lee Jones For Men in Black 3D". /Film. http://www.slashfilm.com/2010/04/21/barry-sonnenfeld-confirms-will-smith-and-tommy-lee-jones-for-men-in-black-3d/. Retrieved April 20, 2010.
- ^ a b "Will Smith – Box Office Data". The Numbers. http://www.the-numbers.com/people/WSMIT.php. Retrieved 2009-01-08.
- ^ http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=mib3.htm
Further reading[link]
- Iannucci, Lisa (2009). Will Smith: A Biography. Greenwood. ISBN 0-313-37610-7.
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Will Smith |
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Will Smith |
- Official website
- Will Smith at the Internet Movie Database
- Will Smith at Yahoo! Movies
- Will Smith on Charlie Rose in 2002
- Will Smith at People.com
- Will Smith discography at MusicBrainz
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Smith Jr., Willard Christopher |
| Alternative names | Smith, Will |
| Short description | Actor, producer, and rapper |
| Date of birth | September 25, 1968 |
| Place of birth | Wynnefield, West Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Will_Smith
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
