published: 14 Jun 2011
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- Abaqa Khan
- Abu Muslim Khorasani
- Adriatic Sea
- Agnosticism
- Al-Adil Kitbugha
- Altai Mountains
- Altai Uriankhai
- Altaic languages
- Altan Telgey
- Altay Mountains
- Altay people
- Ambaghai
- Asashōryū Akinori
- Atheism
- Aymāq
- Baarin Left Banner
- Bank of Mongolia
- Barga Mongols
- Bargut
- Barlas
- Bayan I
- Bayid
- Berke
- Biyelgee
- Bodonchir Munkhag
- Bonan
- Bonan people
- Borjigin
- Buddhism
- Buddhism in Mongolia
- Burkhan Khaldun
- Buryatia
- Buryats
- Byambyn Rinchen
- Caspian Sea
- Catholicism
- Caucasoid
- Central Asia
- Chagatai language
- Chahar (Mongols)
- Chahar Mongols
- Changezi
- Chifeng University
- China
- Chinese languages
- Christianity
- Chughtai
- Cinema of Mongolia
- Climate of Mongolia
- Confucianism
- Culture
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- Czech Republic
- Dalai Lama
- Damdin Sükhbaatar
- Danzanravjaa
- Daoism
- Dariganga
- Dariganga Mongols
- Darkhad
- Daur people
- Daurs
- Dayan Khan
- Do'rbet Oirats
- Donghu people
- Dongxiang people
- Douluofubadoufa Khan
- Down's Syndrome
- Duan (tribe)
- Dughlat
- Dörbed
- Dörbet (Choros clan)
- Early modern period
- Economy of Mongolia
- Emperors of China
- Epicanthic fold
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- Eurasia
- Eurasian Avars
- Europe
- France
- Frances Wood
- Gelug
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- Gog and Magog
- Gok-Turks
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- Guoyu (book)
- Hazara people
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- History of Mongolia
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- Islam in Mongolia
- Jalair
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- Khitan people
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- Lake Uvs
- Language
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- Malaysia
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- Manicheism
- Media of Mongolia
- Middle ages
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- Mongolia
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- Mongolian cuisine
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- Mongolic
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- Nestorianism
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- Ordos Mongols
- Ordos people
- Orkhon River
- Outline of Mongolia
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- Politics of Mongolia
- Portal Mongolia
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- Rabban Bar Sauma
- Religion in Mongolia
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- Special Upload
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- Tatar confederation
- Tatars
- Tengger Desert
- Tengriism
- The Golden Horde
- Tibetan Buddhism
- Torgut
- Torguud
- Tourism in Mongolia
- Tsagaan Sar
- Tsendiin Damdinsüren
- Tumen
- Tungusic languages
- Tuoba
- Turco-Mongol
- Turkey
- Turkic languages
- Turkic peoples
- Tuvan people
- Tuvan throat singing
- Tuvans
- Tümed
- Ulan Bator
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- Upper Mongols
- Urad Mongols
- Uriankhai
- Uriyangkhai
- Uyghur Khaganate
- Uzbeks
- Western Europe
- Western Liao
- Wikipedia Bare URLs
- Wikipedia Link rot
- Wikipedia Media help
- William of Rubruck
- Women in Mongolia
- WP REFLINKS
- Wuhuan
- Xianbei
- Xianbei state
- Xin Tangshu
- Xinjiang
- Xiongnu
- Yahballaha III
- Yenisei Kirghiz
- Yonten Gyatso
- Yuan Dynasty
- Yuan dynasty
- Yugur
- Yugurs
- Yujiulu Shelun
- Yunnan Mongols
- Yurt
- Zakhchin
- Zanabazar
- Zaya Pandita
- Zhaojun Tomb
- Zoroastrianism
- Zungar people
- Ööled
- Üzemchin
- Üzemchin Mongols
-
Adriatic Sea
The Adriatic Sea () is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan peninsula, and the system of the Apennine Mountains from that of the Dinaric Alps and adjacent ranges. The Adriatic Sea is a part of the Mediterranean Sea.
http://wn.com/Adriatic_Sea -
Baarin Left Banner
Bairin Left Banner () is a district of Inner Mongolia, China. It is under the administration of Chifeng city.
http://wn.com/Baarin_Left_Banner -
Buryatia
Buryatia may refer to:
http://wn.com/Buryatia -
China
China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity.
http://wn.com/China -
Czech Republic
http://wn.com/Czech_Republic -
France
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/France -
Germany
Germany (), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (, ), is a country in Western Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The territory of Germany covers 357.021 km2 and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state of the European Union, and home to the third-largest number of international migrants worldwide.
http://wn.com/Germany -
Gobi Desert
http://wn.com/Gobi_Desert -
Hexigten
http://wn.com/Hexigten -
Hohhot
http://wn.com/Hohhot -
Inner Mongolia
http://wn.com/Inner_Mongolia -
Japan
http://wn.com/Japan -
Karakorum
http://wn.com/Karakorum -
Kazakhstan
http://wn.com/Kazakhstan -
Khangai Mountains
The Khangai mountains (Mongolian , Khangain nuruu) are a mountain range in central Mongolia, some 400 kilometres west of Ulaanbaatar.
http://wn.com/Khangai_Mountains -
Khentii Mountains
http://wn.com/Khentii_Mountains -
Liao Dynasty
http://wn.com/Liao_Dynasty -
Liaoning
http://wn.com/Liaoning -
Malaysia
Malaysia (pronounced or ) is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia. It consists of thirteen states and three federal territories and has a total landmass of . The country is separated by the South China Sea into two regions, Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo (also known as West and East Malaysia respectively). Malaysia shares land borders with Thailand, Indonesia, and Brunei and has maritime boundaries with Singapore, Vietnam, and the Philippines. The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government. The population as of 2009 stood at over 28 million.
http://wn.com/Malaysia -
Mongolia
Mongolia (; ) is a landlocked country in East and Central Asia. It is bordered by Russia to the north and the People's Republic of China to the south, east and west. Although Mongolia does not share a border with Kazakhstan, its western-most point is only from Kazakhstan's eastern tip. Ulaanbaatar, the capital and largest city, is home to about 38% of the population. Mongolia's political system is a parliamentary republic.
http://wn.com/Mongolia -
Mongolian language
The Mongolian language (in Mongolian script: , '; in Mongolian Cyrillic: , ') is the best-known member of the Mongolic language family. It has about 5.7 million speakers, including over 90% of the residents of Mongolia and many of the Mongolian residents of the Inner Mongolia autonomous region of China. In Mongolia, the Khalkha dialect of Mongolian, written in Cyrillic, is predominant; in Inner Mongolia, the language is more dialectally diverse and written in the traditional Mongolian script.
http://wn.com/Mongolian_language -
Northern Wei
http://wn.com/Northern_Wei -
Ordos
http://wn.com/Ordos -
Orkhon River
The Orkhon River (, Orkhon gol) is a river in Mongolia. It rises in the Khangai Mountains of Arkhangai Aimag and flows northwards for 1,124 km (698 miles) before joining the Selenge River, which flows north into Russia and Lake Baikal. The Orkhon is longer than the Selenge, making it the longest river in Mongolia. Major tributaries of the Orkhon river are the Tuul River and Tamir River.
http://wn.com/Orkhon_River -
Persia
http://wn.com/Persia -
Russia
Russia (; ), also officially known as the Russian Federation (), is a state in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, the People's Republic of China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It also has maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the United States by the Bering Strait. At , Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than a ninth of the Earth's land area. Russia is also the ninth most populous nation with 142 million people. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning 9 time zones and incorporating a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources. It has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's fresh water.
http://wn.com/Russia -
Sonid Left Banner
Sonid Left Banner is a banner of Inner Mongolia, China. It is under the administration of Xilin Gol League.
http://wn.com/Sonid_Left_Banner -
South Korea
South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK, , ) and sometimes referred to simply as Korea, is a state in East Asia, located on the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula. It is neighbored by the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east, and North Korea to the north. Its capital is Seoul. South Korea lies in a temperate climate region with a predominantly mountainous terrain. Its territory covers a total area of 99,392 square kilometers and has a population of .
http://wn.com/South_Korea -
Tengger Desert
http://wn.com/Tengger_Desert -
Turkey
Turkey (), known officially as the Republic of Turkey (), is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in western Asia and Thrace in the Balkan region of southeastern Europe. Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between Eastern Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.
http://wn.com/Turkey -
Ulan Bator
http://wn.com/Ulan_Bator -
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a country and sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island nation, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border with another sovereign state, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. Great Britain is linked to continental Europe by the Channel Tunnel.
http://wn.com/United_Kingdom -
United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
http://wn.com/United_States -
Yuan dynasty
http://wn.com/Yuan_dynasty -
Yuan Dynasty
http://wn.com/Yuan_Dynasty -
Zhaojun Tomb
http://wn.com/Zhaojun_Tomb
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Abaoji
http://wn.com/Abaoji -
Abaqa Khan
http://wn.com/Abaqa_Khan -
Abu Muslim Khorasani
Abu Muslim Abd al-Rahman ibn Muslim al-Khorasani (, , c. 700 - 755) was an Abbasid general of Persian origin, who led the first major and organized liberal movement against the Umayyad dynasty.
http://wn.com/Abu_Muslim_Khorasani -
Al-Adil Kitbugha
http://wn.com/Al-Adil_Kitbugha -
Altai Uriankhai
The Altai Uriankhai (The Altai-yin Uriyangkhan) are one of the major ethnic groups in western Mongolia.
http://wn.com/Altai_Uriankhai -
Altay people
The Altay or Altai are an ethnic group of Turkic people living in the Siberian Altai Republic and Altai Krai and surrounding areas of Tuva and Mongolia. For alternative ethnonyms see also Teleut, Tele, Telengit, Mountain Kalmuck, White Kalmuck, Black Tatar, Oirat/Oirot.
http://wn.com/Altay_people -
Asashōryū Akinori
http://wn.com/Asashōryū_Akinori -
Barga Mongols
The Barga (Mongolian: ), or Bargu (), Bargut, are Mongols who speak a Buriat-type dialect. Under the Qing Dynasty they resettled in Inner Mongolia.
http://wn.com/Barga_Mongols -
Bargut
http://wn.com/Bargut -
Bayid
The Bayid (also Bayaud, '''Bay'aut''') tribe was a prominent clan within the Mongol Empire. Bayids can be found in both Mongolic and Turkic peoples. Within Mongols, the clan is spread through Khalkha, Inner Mongolians, Buryats and Oirats.
http://wn.com/Bayid -
Berke
Berke Khan (died 1266) (also Birkai; ) was the ruler of the Ulus of Jochi (or Golden Horde) who effectively consolidated the power of the Blue Horde and White Hordes from 1257 to 1266. He succeeded his brother Batu Khan of the Blue Horde (West) and was responsible for the first official establishment of Islam in a state of the Mongol Empire. He allied with the Egyptian Mamlukes against another Mongol state, the Ilkhanate.
http://wn.com/Berke -
Borjigin
http://wn.com/Borjigin -
Buddhism
http://wn.com/Buddhism -
Buryats
The Buryats or Buriyads, numbering approximately 436,000, are the largest ethnic minority group in Siberia and are mainly concentrated in their homeland, the Buryat Republic, a federal subject of Russia. They are the northernmost major Mongol group.
http://wn.com/Buryats -
Chagatai language
http://wn.com/Chagatai_language -
Chahar (Mongols)
http://wn.com/Chahar_(Mongols) -
Chahar Mongols
http://wn.com/Chahar_Mongols -
China
China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity.
http://wn.com/China -
Chughtai
Chagatai or Chughtai () is a family name in portions of South Asia, Central Asia, Middle East and the associated diaspora that claims descent from Chagatai Khan (the second son of Genghis Khan).
http://wn.com/Chughtai -
Dalai Lama
http://wn.com/Dalai_Lama -
Danzanravjaa
http://wn.com/Danzanravjaa -
Dariganga
Dariganga are Mongol people who mainly live in Dari-ovoo hill and Ganga Lake, Sukhbaatar Province.
http://wn.com/Dariganga -
Darkhad
http://wn.com/Darkhad -
Daur people
http://wn.com/Daur_people -
Daurs
#redirectDaur
http://wn.com/Daurs -
Dayan Khan
http://wn.com/Dayan_Khan -
Donghu people
Donghu (; literally: "Eastern Foreigners" or "Eastern 'Barbarians'") was the name of a nomadic tribal confederation that was first recorded from the seventh century BCE and was destroyed by the Xiongnu in 150 BCE. Donghu was later divided into the Wuhuan and Xianbei Confederations, from which the Mongols are derived. Hence, in modern linguistic terminology, they are classified as a proto-Mongolic nomadic ethnic group.
http://wn.com/Donghu_people -
Dongxiang people
http://wn.com/Dongxiang_people -
Dörbed
http://wn.com/Dörbed -
Dörbet (Choros clan)
http://wn.com/Dörbet_(Choros_clan) -
Emperors of China
http://wn.com/Emperors_of_China -
Eurasian Avars
The European Avars, or Ancient Avars, were a highly organized nomadic confederacy of mixed origins. They were ruled by a khagan, who was surrounded by a tight-knit retinue of nomad warriors, an organization characteristic of Turkic groups. Although the name Avar first appeared in the mid fifth century, the Avars of Europe enter the historical scene in the mid sixth century A.D., when they established a pax spanning considerable areas of Central and Eastern Europe. Avar rule persisted over much of the Pannonian Plain up to the early 9th century. Their ultimate fate is believed to have been assimilation by the invading Magyars (Hungarians).
http://wn.com/Eurasian_Avars -
Frances Wood
#REDIRECTFrances Shimer
http://wn.com/Frances_Wood -
Genghis Khan
http://wn.com/Genghis_Khan -
Gog and Magog
Gog and Magog (Lang-he|; ) appear in the Book of Genesis, the Book of Ezekiel, the Book of Revelation, and the Qur'an. They are variously presented as men, supernatural beings (giants or demons), national groups, or lands. Gog and Magog occur widely in mythology and folklore.
http://wn.com/Gog_and_Magog -
Hazara people
http://wn.com/Hazara_people -
House of Borjigin
http://wn.com/House_of_Borjigin -
Inner Mongolia
http://wn.com/Inner_Mongolia -
Kalmyk people
http://wn.com/Kalmyk_people -
Kalmyks
http://wn.com/Kalmyks -
Katso Mongols
The Katso are a distinct people group. They deliberately separate themselves and refuse to intermarry with people from other nationalities. Despite having been cut off from their homeland for seven centuries, the Katso proudly retain their ethnic identity as Mongols.
http://wn.com/Katso_Mongols -
Kazakhs
The Kazakhs (also spelled Kazaks, Qazaqs; ; the English name is transliterated from Russian) are a Turkic people of the northern parts of Central Asia (largely Kazakhstan, but also found in parts of Uzbekistan, China, Russia, and Mongolia).
http://wn.com/Kazakhs -
Khalkha
http://wn.com/Khalkha -
Khalkha Mongols
http://wn.com/Khalkha_Mongols -
Khitan people
The Khitan people (; ), or Khitai or Kidan, were a nomadic Mongolic people, originally located at Mongolia and Manchuria (the northeastern region of modern day China) from the 4th century. They dominated a vast area in northern China by the 10th century under the Liao Dynasty, but have left few relics that have survived until today. After the fall of Liao in 1125, many Khitans moved further west and established the state of Kara Khitai, which was finally destroyed by the Mongol Empire in 1218.
http://wn.com/Khitan_people -
Khoshut
http://wn.com/Khoshut -
Khotogoid
http://wn.com/Khotogoid -
King Cheng of Zhou
http://wn.com/King_Cheng_of_Zhou -
Liaoning
http://wn.com/Liaoning -
List of Mongolians
This is a list of historical and living Mongolians (of Mongolia or the Mongolian diaspora), sorted by field and name:
http://wn.com/List_of_Mongolians -
Manchu people
#REDIRECTManchu
http://wn.com/Manchu_people -
Mandukhai Khatun
Mandukhai Khatun (also known as Mandukhai Sechen Khatun or Queen Manduhai the Wise) (c. 1449 - c. 1510) was the Empress of Mongolian Khaganate (or Northern Yuan Dynasty). She united the Mongols with her husband Dayan Khan.
http://wn.com/Mandukhai_Khatun -
Manicheism
http://wn.com/Manicheism -
Modu Chanyu
: This is a Xiongnu name, his family name is Luanti
http://wn.com/Modu_Chanyu -
Mongke Khan
http://wn.com/Mongke_Khan -
Mongolian American
Mongolian Americans are immigrants from Mongolia to the United States and their descendants. The term Mongol American is also used to include ethnic Mongol immigrants from groups outside of Mongolia as well, such as Kalmyks, Buryats, and people from the Inner Mongolia province of China. Some immigrants came from Mongolia to the United States as early as 1949, spurred by religious persecution in their homeland. However, Mongolian American communities today are composed largely of migrants who arrived in the 1990s and 2000s, as communism in Mongolia came to an end and restrictions on emigration lifted.
http://wn.com/Mongolian_American -
Mongols
http://wn.com/Mongols -
Mughal (tribe)
The term Mughal () is simply the Persian form of the word Mongol, and many groups in Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan, and India use the term Mughal to describe themselves. In theory, the Mughal's of South Asia and Iran are descended from the various Mongol armies that at one point or other conquered or settled in the region.
http://wn.com/Mughal_(tribe) -
Oirad
http://wn.com/Oirad -
Oirats
:This article deals with the Oirat ethnic group. For the obsolete term for the Turkic Altays, see Altay people.
http://wn.com/Oirats -
Ordos Mongols
The Ordos are a Mongol people that live in Uushin distrcit, Inner Mongolia. Ordos literally means plural of Ordo.
http://wn.com/Ordos_Mongols -
Qara'unas
Qaraunas, (blacks or mixed) or Neguderis, or Nikudari, were a Mongol group that settled in Afghanistan and eastern Persia.
http://wn.com/Qara'unas -
Rabban Bar Sauma
http://wn.com/Rabban_Bar_Sauma -
Rouran
http://wn.com/Rouran -
Sartuul
Sartuul () is one of the Mongol clans. Today, they mainly live in Zavkhan Province of Mongolia.
http://wn.com/Sartuul -
Scythians
The Scythians or Scyths (, ) were an ancient Iranian people of horse-riding nomadic pastoralists who throughout Classical Antiquity dominated the Pontic-Caspian steppe, known at the time as Scythia. They were believed to have ranged west of the Altai Mountains until 2006, when a royal burial was found to the east in Mongolia. By Late Antiquity the closely-related Sarmatians came to dominate the Scythians in the west. Much of the surviving information about the Scythians comes from the Greek historian Herodotus (c. 440 BC) in his Histories and Ovid in his poem of exile Epistulae ex Ponto, and archaeologically from the depictions of Scythian life shown in relief on exquisite goldwork found in Scythian burial mounds in Ukraine and Southern Russia.
http://wn.com/Scythians -
Shiwei
Shiwei (Chinese: /) is an ethnic group, who once resided at the eastern part of Mongolia and Manchuria. It maintains close ties with Donghu. The Mongol people are believed to have originated from it.
http://wn.com/Shiwei -
Sichuan Mongols
The Sichuan Mongols are officially counted among the Mongolian nationality in China. However, They are a distinct ethno-linguistic group from all other Mongolian peoples. They call themselves Mongols and possess their own clothing, history and language. All other peoples in the region recognize them as Mongols (Mengzu).
http://wn.com/Sichuan_Mongols -
Sima Qian
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http://wn.com/Sima_Qian -
Subutai
http://wn.com/Subutai -
Sükhbaataryn Yanjmaa
http://wn.com/Sükhbaataryn_Yanjmaa -
Tadun
http://wn.com/Tadun -
Tatars
http://wn.com/Tatars -
Torgut
http://wn.com/Torgut -
Torguud
http://wn.com/Torguud -
Tuoba
http://wn.com/Tuoba -
Turkic languages
The Turkic languages constitute a language family of at least thirty five languages, spoken by Turkic peoples across a vast area from Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean to Siberia and Western China, and are considered to be part of the proposed Altaic language family.
http://wn.com/Turkic_languages -
Turkic peoples
The Turks (or Turkics) are peoples residing in northern, central and western Asia, Mongolia, southern Siberia and northwestern China and parts of eastern Europe. They speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family. They share, to varying degrees, certain cultural traits and historical backgrounds. The term Turkic represents a broad ethno-linguistic group of people including existing societies such as the Chuvashes, Kazakhs, Tatars, Kyrgyzs, Turkish, Turkmen, Uyghur, Uzbeks, Bashkirs, Qashqai, Gagauzs, Yakuts, Crimean Karaites, Krymchaks, Karakalpaks, Karachays, Krymchaks, Nogais and as well as past civilizations such as the Kumans, Kipchaks, Avars, Turgeshs, Seljuks, Khazars, Ottomans, Mamluks, Timurids, and possibly the Xiongnu and Huns.
http://wn.com/Turkic_peoples -
Tuvan people
http://wn.com/Tuvan_people -
Tuvans
http://wn.com/Tuvans -
Tümed
The Tumed (Tumad) are a Mongol people. Most engage in sedentary agriculture, living in mixed communities in the suburbs of Huhhot. Part of them live along Hulun Buir, Inner Mongolia. There are the Tumeds in the soums of Mandal-Ovoo, Bulgan, Tsogt-Ovoo, Tsogttsetsii, Manlai, Khurmen, Bayandalai and Sevrei of Umnugovi Aimag, Mongolia.
http://wn.com/Tümed -
Urad Mongols
Urad is a Mongol tribe in Inner Mongolia.
http://wn.com/Urad_Mongols -
Uriankhai
"Uriankhai" (originally Uriyangkhai), also known as Urianhai or Uryangkhai, is a term applied to several neighboring ethnic groups. The name is mentioned several times in the Secret History of the Mongols.
http://wn.com/Uriankhai -
Uyghur Khaganate
http://wn.com/Uyghur_Khaganate -
Uzbeks
http://wn.com/Uzbeks -
Western Liao
http://wn.com/Western_Liao -
William of Rubruck
William of Rubruck (c. 1220 - c. 1293) was a Flemish Franciscan missionary and explorer. His account is one of the masterpieces of medieval geographical literature comparable to that of Marco Polo.
http://wn.com/William_of_Rubruck -
Wuhuan
The Wuhuan () were a nomadic people who inhabited northern China, in what is now the provinces of Hebei, Liaoning, Shanxi, the municipality of Beijing and the autonomous region of Inner Mongolia.
http://wn.com/Wuhuan -
Xianbei
The Xianbei () were a significant nomadic people residing in Manchuria and eastern Mongolia, or Xianbei Shan.
http://wn.com/Xianbei -
Xinjiang
Xinjiang (; ; ; Postal map spelling: Sinkiang) is an autonomous region (Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region) of the People's Republic of China. It is the largest Chinese administrative division and spans over 1.6 million km2. Xinjiang borders Russia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India, has abundant oil reserves and is China's largest natural gas-producing region.
http://wn.com/Xinjiang -
Xiongnu
http://wn.com/Xiongnu -
Yahballaha III
http://wn.com/Yahballaha_III -
Yugur
The Yugurs (),
http://wn.com/Yugur -
Yugurs
http://wn.com/Yugurs -
Yunnan Mongols
The Mongols in Yunnan are the descendants of the Yuan Dynasty of the Mongol Empire.
http://wn.com/Yunnan_Mongols -
Zakhchin
Zakhchin () is an Oirat-Mongol tribe residing in western part of Mongolia.
http://wn.com/Zakhchin -
Zanabazar
http://wn.com/Zanabazar -
Zaya Pandita
http://wn.com/Zaya_Pandita -
Üzemchin
http://wn.com/Üzemchin
Mongol (2008)
"Mongol (2008)" Actors
- Tadanobu Asano
- Honglei Sun
- Khulan Chuluun
- Odnyam Odsuren
- Aliya
- Ba Sen
- Amadu Mamadakov
- Ba Yin
- He Qi
- Su Ben Hou
"Mongol (2008)" Director
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Barbarians - The Mongols
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 43:40
- Published: 14 Jun 2011
- Updated: 24 Oct 2012
For More Great Documentaries please visit www.DocumentaryList.NET and support the site They were the dreaded forces on the fringes of civilization, the bloodthirsty warriors who defied the Roman legions and terrorized the people of Europe. They were the Barbarians, and their names still evoke images of cruelty and chaos. But what do we really know of these legendary warriors? From the frigid North Sea to the Russian steppes, this ambitious series tells the fascinating stories of four of the most fabled groups of fighters in history, tracing 1000 years of conquest and adventure through inspired scholarship and some of the most extensive reenactments ever filmed. Mongols rides with Genghis Khan and his descendants as they sweep from Asia to the heart of modern Germany in a frenzy of expansion.
http://wn.com/Barbarians_The_Mongols
Wait For It...The Mongols!: Crash Course World History #17
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:32
- Published: 18 May 2012
- Updated: 25 Oct 2012
Mongols T-Shirt: dftba.com In which John Green teaches you, at long last, about the most exceptional bunch of empire-building nomads in the history of the world, the Mongols! How did the Mongols go from being a relatively small band of herders who occasionally engaged in some light hunting-gathering to being one of the most formidable fighting forces in the world? It turns out Genghis Khan was a pretty big part of it, but you probably already knew that. The more interesting questions might be, what kind of rulers were they, and what effect did their empire have on the world we know today? Find out, as John FINALLY teaches you about the Mongols. Follow us! @thecrashcourse @realjohngreen @raoulmeyer @crashcoursestan @saysdanica @thoughtbubbler Like us! www.facebook.com Follow us again! thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
http://wn.com/Wait_For_ItThe_Mongols!_Crash_Course_World_History_17
Barbarians-The Mongols part 1/5
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:21
- Published: 05 Aug 2010
- Updated: 22 Oct 2012
They were the dreaded forces on the fringes of civilization, the bloodthirsty warriors who defied the Roman legions and terrorized the people of Europe. They were the Barbarians, and their names still evoke images of cruelty and chaos. But what do we really know of these legendary warriors? From the frigid North Sea to the Russian steppes, this ambitious series tells the fascinating stories of four of the most fabled groups of fighters in history, tracing 1000 years of conquest and adventure through inspired scholarship and some of the most extensive reenactments ever filmed. Ranging far from their roots in Germany, these power-hungry pagans swept through Spain, then across North Africa, and eventually to the gates of Rome itself. All copy rights are for History Channel .
http://wn.com/Barbarians-The_Mongols_part_1_5
Russia, the Kievan Rus, and the Mongols: Crash Course World History #20
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:47
- Published: 07 Jun 2012
- Updated: 25 Oct 2012
In which John Green teaches you how Russia evolved from a loose amalgamation of medieval principalities known as the Kievan Rus into the thriving democracy we know today. As you can imagine, there were a few bumps along the road. It turns out, our old friends the Mongols had quite a lot to do with unifying Russia. In yet another example of how surprisingly organized nomadic raiders can be, the Mongols brought the Kievan Rus together under a single leadership, and concentrated power in Moscow. This set the stage for the various Ivans (the Great and the Terrible) to throw off the yoke and form a pan-Russian nation ruled by an autocratic leader. More than 500 years later, we still have autocratic leadership in Russia. All this, plus a rundown of some of our favorite atrocities of Ivan the Terrible, and a visit from Putin! Follow us! @thecrashcourse @realjohngreen @raoulmeyer @crashcoursestan @saysdanica @thoughtbubbler Like us! www.facebook.com Follow us again! thecrashcourse.tumblr.com
http://wn.com/Russia,_the_Kievan_Rus,_and_the_Mongols_Crash_Course_World_History_20
Mongols Motorcycle Club arrives in Boulder City
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:26
- Published: 23 Jun 2012
- Updated: 15 Jul 2012
It's a big weekend in Boulder City. The Mongols Motorcycle Club is in town for its National Meeting.
http://wn.com/Mongols_Motorcycle_Club_arrives_in_Boulder_City
Mongols MC - San Diego
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:10
- Published: 15 Jun 2010
- Updated: 24 Oct 2012
San Diego Mongols with various chapters
http://wn.com/Mongols_MC_San_Diego
Mongol, Theatrical Full Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:18
- Published: 06 Jun 2008
- Updated: 25 Oct 2012
Award-winning Russian filmmaker Sergei Bodrov (PRISONER OF THE MOUNTAINS) illuminates the life and legend of Genghis Khan in his stunning historical epic, MONGOL. Based on leading scholarly accounts and written by Bodrov and Arif Aliyev, MONGOL delves into the dramatic and harrowing early years of the ruler who was born as Temudgin in 1162. As it follows Temudgin from his perilous childhood to the battle that sealed his destiny, the film paints a multidimensional portrait of the future conqueror, revealing him not as the evil brute of hoary stereotype, but as an inspiring, fearless and visionary leader. MONGOL shows us the making of an extraordinary man, and the foundation on which so much of his greatness rested: his relationship with his wife, Borte, his lifelong love and most trusted advisor. Filmed in the very lands that gave birth to Genghis Khan, MONGOL transports us back to a distant and exotic period in world history; to a nomad's landscape of endless space, climatic extremes and ever-present danger. In a performance of powerful stillness and subtlety, celebrated young Japanese actor Asano Tadanobu (ZATOICHI, LAST LIFE IN THE UNIVERSE) captures the inner fire that enabled a hunted boy to become a legendary conqueror. Asano's achievement is matched by those of his co-stars, including the radiant newcomer Khulan Chuluun as Temudgin's courageous, spirited wife Borte, and the Chinese actor Honglei Sun (THE ROAD HOME) as the Mongol chieftain Jamukha, Temudgin's dearest <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Mongol,_Theatrical_Full_Trailer
Mongols MC - 40th Anniversary Video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:01
- Published: 06 Jul 2010
- Updated: 25 Oct 2012
This is a video of the Mongols MC 40th Anniversary Party, celebrated at The House Lounge in Los Angeles. Mongols Forever, Forever Mongols. Visit the Official Mongols MC website at - www.mongolsmc.com
http://wn.com/Mongols_MC_40th_Anniversary_Video
Mongol Invasion of Europe - Part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:58
- Published: 11 Dec 2007
- Updated: 25 Oct 2012
This depicts the astonishing Mongol campaign in Europe in 1240.
http://wn.com/Mongol_Invasion_of_Europe_Part_1
Mongols MC - Jesse Ventura
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:30
- Published: 26 Jan 2012
- Updated: 25 Oct 2012
This Video is of an interview on the Howard Stern Show with former Governor,WWF Star, Navy Seal, Actor,Author, Host of Conspiracy Theory, and Mongol, Jesse Ventura aka "Superman" of the Dago chapter..
http://wn.com/Mongols_MC_Jesse_Ventura
MONGOLS MC- 2012 TRAILER
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:14
- Published: 14 Mar 2012
- Updated: 21 Oct 2012
MORE COUNTRIES. MORE STATES. MORE CITIES. MORE RUNS. MORE PARTY'S. MONGOLS MOTORCYCLE CLUB 2012 RESPECT FEW FEAR NONE MONGOL NATION
http://wn.com/MONGOLS_MC_2012_TRAILER
Hells Angels and Mongols go at it in Sturgis FloridaBikeWeek.com
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:38
- Published: 23 May 2012
- Updated: 19 Oct 2012
Video shot from my cell phone while on the balcony of a restaurant in Sturgis (One Eyed Jack's), SD on the evening of Wednesday, August 10, 2011. I was talking on the phone watching the Hells Angels Sturgis headquarters when all hell broke loose! I heard popping noises and looked down. Probably 20 Hells Angels and Mongols were going at it, fighting, etc.,. Within a minute the Sturgis Police were at the scene, guns drawn and taking control. Notice the women in the clubhouse coming out with their hands over their heads. We had noticed the Mongols eating outside at the restaurant while walking in. Wonder if it was a turf deal since the restaurant is directly adjacent to the Hells Angels clubhouse?
http://wn.com/Hells_Angels_and_Mongols_go_at_it_in_Sturgis_FloridaBikeWeekcom
Mongol Teaser Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:20
- Published: 20 Jun 2007
- Updated: 16 Oct 2012
First trailer to be released of this movie.
http://wn.com/Mongol_Teaser_Trailer
Mongols visiting Boulder City
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:27
- Published: 22 Jun 2012
- Updated: 24 Oct 2012
Public concern is high as the Mongols motorcycle club rolls into Boulder City.
http://wn.com/Mongols_visiting_Boulder_City
Casual Threats From Weekend Hardmen
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:41
- Published: 03 Aug 2012
- Updated: 17 Oct 2012
Filmed at our practice space in Ulan Bator. www.facebook.com www.twitter.com
http://wn.com/Casual_Threats_From_Weekend_Hardmen
Mongols MC - 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:05
- Published: 13 Jun 2012
- Updated: 22 Oct 2012
Mongols Motorcycle Club over past few months of 2012 "For Some Reason Won't Allow Playback For Mobile Phones EtC" FTW
http://wn.com/Mongols_MC_2012
Hells Angels and Mongols go at it in Sturgis on August 10, 2011 - Video #1.flv
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:51
- Published: 23 May 2012
- Updated: 21 Oct 2012
crazy brawl ended by cops
http://wn.com/Hells_Angels_and_Mongols_go_at_it_in_Sturgis_on_August_10,_2011_Video_1flv
Mongols MC- Mongols Forever
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:48
- Published: 17 Feb 2011
- Updated: 19 Oct 2012
MONGOLS FOREVER " RESPECT FEW FEAR NONE" - Click tab for 1080 HD
http://wn.com/Mongols_MC_Mongols_Forever
Mongols MC- Mongols World
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:36
- Published: 12 Sep 2011
- Updated: 20 Oct 2012
Mongols MC- The Baddest 1%er Club in the world. Brotherhood and Biking for over 40 years. " Respect Few Fear None"
http://wn.com/Mongols_MC_Mongols_World
Dynasties: The Mongol Empire- Part 1/5
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:01
- Published: 25 May 2008
- Updated: 24 Oct 2012
An older history channel video about Khubilai Khan and the mongols. I'm trying to find the newer barbarians version because it's a lot better. Anyway, I hope you enjoy.
http://wn.com/Dynasties_The_Mongol_Empire_Part_1_5
NoVa Mongol - Warrior's Lullabye - A Battlefield 3 Montage
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:33
- Published: 15 Oct 2012
- Updated: 26 Oct 2012
Thanks for watching, be sure to leave a Like/Fav for Mongols first tage on NoVa Gaming! and SUBSCRIBE for more! Check below for details on the montage, and to follow us on twitter and facebook to keep up to date with NoVa! NoVa Mongol - www.youtube.com twitter.com NoVa Twitter: twitter.com Nova Facebook: www.facebook.com Song: Nine Leaves - Remember Execute Forget
http://wn.com/NoVa_Mongol_Warrior's_Lullabye_A_Battlefield_3_Montage
Boulder City stays quiet with Mongols Motorcycle Club in town
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:10
- Published: 25 Jun 2012
- Updated: 23 Oct 2012
About 300 members of the notorious motorcycle club, known as the Mongols, converged on Boulder City this weekend for a conference.
http://wn.com/Boulder_City_stays_quiet_with_Mongols_Motorcycle_Club_in_town
Mongols MC - Victory Ride
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:19
- Published: 03 Oct 2010
- Updated: 24 Oct 2012
The Mongols Motorcycle Club has won the Mongols Motorcycle Club case again. In a ruling issued September 21st and filed September 24th, Federal District Judge Otis D. Wright has ruled that the United States cannot seize the name and patch of the club. Judge Wright ruled that his previously issued "preliminary order of forfeiture is rendered invalid." The issue of whether the Department of Justice and the ATF could simply steal the name and the patch of the Mongols Motorcycle Club was settled definitively in July 2009. But then Christopher Brunwin and Steven Welk, two of the prosecutors in this case, as well as the ATF Agents who had created the case, just simply refused to believe they had lost and the Mongols had won. The presiding judge then, the late Florence-Marie Cooper wrote an angry decision which stated unequivocally that the government could not seize the marks. Last week Judge Wright wrote, "United States District Court Judge Florence-Marie Cooper already ruled upon the issues relevant to this proceeding." In short- You can't stop the Mongol Nation!!!! Visit- Mongolsmc.com & Agingrebel.com
http://wn.com/Mongols_MC_Victory_Ride
Creative Commons / Hayton of Coricos
Creative Commons
Creative Commons / Exsanguinator![Souq az-Zirb from the Mamluk period. On 24 January 1260,[28] the city was taken by the Mongols under Hulagu in alliance with their vassals the Frank knights of the ruler of Antioch Bohemond VI and his father-in-law the Armenian ruler Hetoum I](http://web.archive.org./web/20121026054028im_/http://cdn7.wn.com/pd/ac/0e/32209f1e869f215cc929d300b008_small.jpg "Souq az-Zirb from the Mamluk period. On 24 January 1260,[28] the city was taken by the Mongols under Hulagu in alliance with their vassals the Frank knights of the ruler of Antioch Bohemond VI and his father-in-law the Armenian ruler Hetoum I")
Creative Commons / Anas A
Creative Commons
Creative Commons
Creative Commons / Yaan
Creative Commons
Creative Commons / Marshall Bagramyan
Creative Commons / Eugene Zelenko
Creative Commons / Gryffindor
Creative Commons / Vmenkov
Creative Commons / Flickr![Statue of Genghis Khan in front of the Mongolian government building in Sükhbaatar Square, Ulaanbaatar Genghis Khan is now widely regarded as one of Mongolia's greatest and most legendary leaders.[26] He is responsible for the emergence of the Mongols as a political and ethnic identity.](http://web.archive.org./web/20121026054028im_/http://cdn7.wn.com/pd/c3/ac/80692e0f92524f485e0d4e8fc9ed_small.jpg "Statue of Genghis Khan in front of the Mongolian government building in Sükhbaatar Square, Ulaanbaatar Genghis Khan is now widely regarded as one of Mongolia's greatest and most legendary leaders.[26] He is responsible for the emergence of the Mongols as a political and ethnic identity.")
Creative Commons / Genuine Mongol
Creative Commons / Fanghong
Creative Commons / Pfctdayelise
Creative Commons / Wojsyl
Creative Commons / Latebird
Creative Commons / Nimavojdani
![Souq az-Zirb from the Mamluk period. On 24 January 1260,[28] the city was taken by the Mongols under Hulagu in alliance with their vassals the Frank knights of the ruler of Antioch Bohemond VI and his father-in-law the Armenian ruler Hetoum I](http://web.archive.org./web/20121026054028/http://cdn1.wn.com/pd/ac/0e/32209f1e869f215cc929d300b008_medium.jpg "Souq az-Zirb from the Mamluk period. On 24 January 1260,[28] the city was taken by the Mongols under Hulagu in alliance with their vassals the Frank knights of the ruler of Antioch Bohemond VI and his father-in-law the Armenian ruler Hetoum I")
![Statue of Genghis Khan in front of the Mongolian government building in Sükhbaatar Square, Ulaanbaatar Genghis Khan is now widely regarded as one of Mongolia's greatest and most legendary leaders.[26] He is responsible for the emergence of the Mongols as a political and ethnic identity.](http://web.archive.org./web/20121026054028/http://cdn1.wn.com/pd/c3/ac/80692e0f92524f485e0d4e8fc9ed_medium.jpg "Statue of Genghis Khan in front of the Mongolian government building in Sükhbaatar Square, Ulaanbaatar Genghis Khan is now widely regarded as one of Mongolia's greatest and most legendary leaders.[26] He is responsible for the emergence of the Mongols as a political and ethnic identity.")
Photo: White House / Pete Souza
24 Oct 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling By the time President Richard Nixon told his Chinese hosts during a banquet toast, "Let us start a long march together, not in lockstep, but on different...
Photo: AP / Khin Maung Win
25 Oct 2012
YANGON: A new wave of sectarian violence in western Myanmar has left five people dead and dozens injured in recent days, triggering another exodus of Muslims to emergency camps, officials said...
Photo: AP / Collin Reid
25 Oct 2012
HAVANA (Reuters) - Hurricane Sandy, growing stronger over warm Caribbean waters, lashed eastern Cuba with heavy rains and rising winds on Wednesday as it bore down on the communist island after...
Photo: AP / Ariel Schalit
24 Oct 2012
Repeated attacks ... a rocket is launched from Gaza towards southern Israel. Photo: AFP JERUSALEM: The Israeli Prime Minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, threatened "more extensive and deeper action" against...
Photo: AP
25 Oct 2012
Chink of light ... a Free Syria Army fighter walks through a hole in the wall during fighting in Aleppo. Photo: AFP Syria's President, Bashar al-Assad, and some rebel groups have agreed to a...
The Los Angeles Times
An Oct. 7 reported that the International Air Transport Assn., or IATA, was working on some changes that could affect the way you or your travel agent see airfare offerings. The organization referred to this as a “new distribution capability.” But the American Society of...(size: 41.6Kb)
The Los Angeles Times
London’s Café Royal, born in 1865 and reborn through the decades as a party place where Oscar Wilde hallucinated on absinthe and David Bowie celebrated the “retirement” of his alter-ego, Ziggy Stardust, is about to be reborn again. In its new life, the will be a luxury hotel...(size: 40.4Kb)
The Los Angeles Times
Early season snow and the forecast of more on the way is making some California ski resorts a bit giddy. near Lake Tahoe announced plans to open for four hours Thursday (today), ahead of its official opening next month, and near Truckee plans to open for the season on Friday. Squaw Valley, which...(size: 38.9Kb)
In the grip of the Gobi
22 Oct 2012
Stuff
Stephen Phelan receives a traditional welcome of fermented mare's milk and vodka - followed by an invitation to wrestle. Mongolian men are born to wrestle. Genetically, they are predisposed to bulkiness. Historically, they are descended from the fearsome warrior hordes of Genghis Khan and his...(size: 3.1Kb)
Pdf of insanity
21 Oct 2012
IMC
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21 Oct 2012
IMC
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21 Oct 2012
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21 Oct 2012
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Mandarins and murderers: A Chinese history quiz
21 Oct 2012
BBC News
Info Here are 10 questions on Chinese history drawn from former BBC Beijing correspondent Carrie Gracie's series, As History is My Witness. Click on the links below, or - if you're feeling confident - proceed directly to question one. 1.) Multiple Choice Question Where was China's first historian,...(size: 6.4Kb)
For other uses, see Mongols (disambiguation).
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Predominantly Tibetan Buddhism, also Shamanism (formally Tengriism).[2][8] |
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Daur, Monguor and Turco-Mongol peoples |
Mongols (Mongolian: 
Монголчууд (help·info)), Mongolchuud) are a Central-East Asian ethnic group that lives mainly in the countries of Mongolia, China, and Russia. Owing to wars and migrations, Mongols are also found in some Central Asian states such as Kazakhstan. In China, ethnic Mongols can be found mainly in the central north region of China such as Inner Mongolia (a smaller number of Mongols can also be found in Xinjiang in northwest China). The Buryat branch of the Mongol ethnic group can be found in the autonomous republic of Buryatia, Russia. Ethnic Mongols are bound together by a common language and culture. They speak languages belonging to the Mongolic languages. The contiguous territories inhabited by ethnic Mongols is also known as Greater Mongolia[disambiguation needed 
]. There are approximately 10 million ethnic Mongols in total.
Contents |
Definition[link]
A definition includes the Mongols proper, who can be approximately divided into the eastern Mongols (the Khalkha Mongols, the Inner Mongolians, the Buryats), and the Oirats. In a wider sense, the Mongol people includes all people who speak a Mongolic language, such as the Kalmyks of eastern Europe.
The designation "Mongol" briefly appeared in 8th century records of the Chinese Tang dynasty, describing a tribe of Shiwei, and resurfaced again in the late 11th century during the rule of Khitan. After the fall of Liao Dynasty in 1125, the Mongols became a leading tribe on the steppe and also had power in Northern China. However, their wars with the Jin Dynasty and Tatars had weakened them. In the thirteenth century, the word Mongol grew into an umbrella term for a large group of Mongolic and Turkic tribes united under the rule of Genghis Khan.[9]
History[link]
Main articles: History of Mongolia and Mongols before Genghis Khan
In various times Mongols have been equated with the Scythians, the Magog and the Turkic peoples. Based on Chinese historical texts the ancestry of the Mongol peoples can be traced back to the Donghu, a nomadic confederation occupying eastern Mongolia and Manchuria. The identity of the Xiongnu is still debated today. Although some scholars maintain that they were proto-Mongols, the fact that Chinese histories trace certain Turkic tribes from the Xiongnu complicates the issue.[10] The Donghu, however, can be much more easily labeled proto-Mongol since the Chinese histories trace all the subsequent Mongolic tribes and kingdoms (Xianbei and Wuhuan peoples) from them, although some historical texts claim a mixed Xiongnu-Donghu ancestry for some tribes (e.g. the Khitan).[11]
The Donghu are mentioned by Sima Qian as already existing in Inner Mongolia north of the state of Yan in 699-632 BC. Mentions in the Lost Book of Zhou (Yizhoushu) and the Shanhaijing indicate the Donghu were also active during the Shang dynasty (1600-1046 BC). The Mongolic-speaking Xianbei originally formed a part of the Donghu confederation, but existed even before that time, as evidenced by a mention in the Guoyu ("晉語八" section) which states that during the reign of King Cheng of Zhou (reigned 1042-1021 BC) the Xianbei came to participate at a meeting of Zhou subject-lords at Qiyang (岐阳) (now Qishan County) but were only allowed to perform the fire ceremony under the supervision of Chu (楚), since they were not vassals by covenant (诸侯). After the Donghu were defeated by Modu Chanyu the Xianbei and Wuhuan survived as the main remnants of the confederation. Tadun Khan of the Wuhuan (died 207 AD) was the ancestor of the proto-Mongolic Kumo Xi.[12] In 49 AD the Mongolic Xianbei ruler Bianhe (Bayan Khan?) raided and defeated the Xiongnu, killing 2000, after having received generous gifts from Emperor Guangwu of Han. The Xianbei reached their peak under Tanshihuai Khan (reigned 156-181) who expanded the vast, but short lived, Xianbei state.
Three prominent proto-Mongol groups split from the Xianbei, as recorded by the Chinese histories: the Nirun (claimed by some to be the Avars), the Khitan and the Shiwei (a sub-tribe called the "Shiwei Menggu" is held to be the origin of the Genghisid Mongols).[13] Besides these three Xianbei groups, there were other Xianbei groups with Mongolic affiliation such as the Murong, Duan and Tuoba. Their culture was nomadic, their religion Shamanism or Buddhism and their military strength formidable. There is still no direct evidence that the Nirun spoke a Mongolic language, although most scholars agree that they were proto-Mongolic.[14] The Khitan, however, had two scripts of their own and many Mongolic words are found in their half-deciphered writings that are usually found with a parallel Chinese text (for example, nair=sun, sair=moon, tau=five, jau=hundred, m.r=horse, im.a=goat, n.q=dog, m.ng=silver, ju.un=summer, n.am.ur=autumn, u.ul=winter, heu.ur=spring, tau.l.a=rabbit, t.q.a=hen and m.g.o=snake).[15] There is no doubt regarding the Khitan being proto-Mongol.[16]
Geographically the Tuoba Xianbei ruled Inner Mongolia and northern China, the Nirun (Yujiulu Shelun was the first to use the title Khagan in 402) ruled Outer Mongolia, the Khitan were concentrated in Southern Manchuria north of Korea and the Shiwei were located to the north of the Khitan. These tribes and kingdoms were soon overshadowed by the rise of the Gok-Turks in 555, the Uyghurs in 745 and the Yenisei Kirghizs in 840. The Tuoba were eventually absorbed into China. The Rouran fled west from the Gok-Turks and either disappeared into obscurity or, as some say, invaded Europe as the Avars under their Khan Bayan I. Some Rouran under Tatar Khan migrated east founding the Tatar tribes, who became part of the Shiwei. The Khitan, who were independent after their separation from the proto-Mongol Kumo Xi (of Wuhuan origin) in 388 AD, continued as a minor power in Manchuria until one of them, Abaoji (872-926), established the Khitan Liao Dynasty (907-1125). The Khitan fled west after their defeat by the Tungusic Jurchens (later known as Manchus) and founded the Kara-Khitan or Western Liao dynasty (1125–1218) in eastern Kazakhstan. In 1218 Genghis Khan destroyed the Kara-Khitan Kingdom after which the Khitan passed into obscurity. The modern-day minority of Mongolic-speaking Daurs in China are their direct descendants based on DNA evidence.[17][18]
The Shiwei included a tribe called the Shiwei Menggu.[19] Bodonchir Munkhag (Chagatai tradition dates 'Buzanjar Munqaq' to the rebellion of Abu Muslim or 747 AD.[20]) the founder of the House of Borjigin and the ancestor of Genghis Khan is held to be descended from the Shiwei Menggu. The early Shiwei paid tribute to the Tuoba Wei (386-534) and submitted to the Khitans. After the Khitans left Mongolia the Shiwei Mongols rose to prominence, when from the 1130s there were reciprocally hostile relations between the successive khans of the Khamag Mongol confederation (Khaidu, Khabul Khan and Ambaghai Khan) and the emperors of the Jin dynasty.
With the expansion of the Mongol Empire, the Mongols settled over almost all Eurasia and carried on military campaigns from the Adriatic Sea to Java and from Japan to Palestine. Mongols simultaneously became Padishahs of Persia, Emperors of China, Great Khans of Mongolia and one Mongol even became Sultan of Egypt (Al-Adil Kitbugha). The Mongols of the Golden Horde established themselves to govern Russia by 1240.[21] By 1279, the Mongols conquered the Song Dynasty and brought all of China under control of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty.[21] With the breakup of the Empire, the dispersed Mongols quickly adopted the mostly Turkic cultures surrounding them and were assimilated, forming parts of Tatars (not confused with a tribe in ancient Mongolia), Uzbeks, Kazakhs, Yugurs and Moghuls; linguistic and cultural Persianization also began to be prominent in these territories. However, most of the Mongols returned to Mongolia, retaining their language and culture. After the fall of the Yuan Dynasty in 1368 the Mongols established their independent regime as Northern Yuan. However, the Oirads or Western Mongols began to challenge the Eastern Mongols under the Borjigin monarchs in the late 14th century.
Present-day Khalkha Mongols and Inner Mongolians are the most prominent of the remaining Eastern Mongols while the Kalmyks (formerly Oirats) in Europe are the main descendants of the Western Mongols. The Khalkha emerged during the reign of Dayan Khan (1464–1543) as one of the six tumens of the Eastern Mongols. They quickly became the dominant Mongol clan in Outer Mongolia.[22][23]
Language[link]
Main articles: Mongolic language and Mongolian language
The specific origin of the Mongolic languages and associated tribes is unclear. Some researchers have proposed a link to languages like Tungusic and Turkic, which are often included alongside Mongolic in a group called Altaic languages, though this is controversial.
Religion[link]
The original religion of the Mongols from the time of the Donghu was Tengriism. The Xianbei came in contact with Confucianism and Daoism but eventually adopted Buddhism. In the 5th century the Buddhist monk Dharmapriya was proclaimed State Teacher of the Rouran Khaganate and given 3000 families. In 511 the Rouran Douluofubadoufa Khan sent Hong Xuan to the Tuoba court with a pearl-encrusted statue of the Buddha as a gift. The Tuoba Xianbei and Khitans were mostly Buddhists, although they still retained their original Tengriism. The Tuoba had a "sacrificial castle" to the west of their capital where ceremonies to Tengri and other spirits took place. Wooden statues of the spirits were erected on top of this sacrificial castle. One ritual involved seven princes with milk offerings who ascended the stairs with 20 female shamans and offered prayers, sprinkling the statues with the sacred milk. The Khitan had their holiest Tengriist shrine on Mount Muye where portraits of their earliest ancestor Qishou Khagan, his wife Kedun and eight sons were kept in two temples. Mongols were also exposed to Zoroastrianism (Qormusta Tengri is still worshipped), Manicheism, Nestorianism, Islam and Catholicism from the west. The Mongols, in particular the Borjigin, had their holiest Tengriist shrine on Mount Burkhan Khaldun where their ancestor Borte Chinua (Blue Wolf) and Goo Maral (Beautiful Doe) had given birth to them. Genghis Khan usually fasted, prayed and meditated on this mountain before his campaigns. As a young man he had thanked the mountain for saving his life and prayed at the foot of the mountain sprinkling offerings and bowing nine times to the east with his belt around his neck and his hat held at his chest. Genghis Khan kept a close watch on the Mongol supreme shaman Kokochu Teb Tengri who sometimes conflicted with his authority. Later the imperial cult of Genghis Khan (centered on the eight white gers and nine white banners in Ordos) grew into a highly organized indigenous religion with Tengriist scriptures in the Mongolian script. Indigenous moral precepts of the Mongols were enshrined in oral wisdom sayings (now collected in several volumes), the anda (blood-brother) system and ancient texts such as the Chinggis-un Bilig (Wisdom of Genghis) and Oyun Tulkhuur (Key of Intelligence). These moral precepts were expressed in poetic form and mainly involved truthfulness, fidelity, help in hardship, unity, self-control, fortitude, veneration of nature, veneration of the state and veneration of parents.
In 1254 Mongke Khan organized a formal religious debate (in which William of Rubruck took part) between Christians, Muslims and Buddhists in Karakorum, a cosmopolitan city of many religions. The Mongol Empire was known for its religious tolerance, but had a special leaning towards Buddhism and was sympathetic towards Christianity. The Mongol leader Abaqa Khan sent a delegation of 13-16 Mongols to the Second Council of Lyon (1274), which created a great stir, particularly when their leader 'Zaganus' underwent a public baptism. Yahballaha III (1245–1317) and Rabban Bar Sauma (c. 1220-1294) were famous Mongol (part-Turkic) Nestorian Christians. The western Khanates, however, eventually adopted Islam (under Berke and Ghazan) and the Turkic languages (because of its commercial importance), although allegiance to the Great Khan and limited use of the Mongolian language can be seen even in 1330's. The Mongol nobility during the Yuan dynasty studied Confucianism but mainly followed the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism. The general populace still practised Tengriism. Dongxiang and Bonan Mongols adopted Islam, as did Mongol-speaking peoples in Afghanistan. In the 16th century the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism became the state religion of the Mongols. The Red Hat sect of Tibetan Buddhism coexisted with the Gelug Yellow Hat sect. Tengriism was absorbed into the newly formed state religion while being marginalized in its purer forms, later only surviving in far northern Mongolia. Monks were some of the leading intellectuals in Mongolia, responsible for much of the literature and art of the pre-modern period. Zanabazar (1635–1723), Zaya Pandita (1599–1662) and Danzanravjaa (1803–1856) are among the most famous Mongolian holy men. The 4th Dalai Lama Yonten Gyatso (1589–1617), a Mongolian, was the only non-Tibetan Dalai Lama. Many Buryat Mongols also became Christians due to the Russian expansion. During the socialist period religion was officially banned, although it was practiced in clandestine circles. Today, a sizable proportion of Mongols are atheist or agnostic. In the most recent census in Mongolia, almost forty percent of the population reported as being atheist, while the majority religion was Buddhism, with 53%.[24]
Physical characteristics[link]
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In terms of physical characteristics, Mongols exhibit a variety of features, with typical Mongoloid features being most noticeable. "Mongoloid" was first used in 1868 as a racial designation to distinguish Asians. People with Down's Syndrome were first called "Mongolian" in 1866. The World Health Organization (WHO) officially dropped references to "Mongolism" in 1965 after a request by the Mongolian delegate. Mongols are predominantly Tungid with Nordsinid and Turanid features observable occasionally. Mongolian folds of the eyelids exist on almost all Mongols along with relatively high and pronounced cheekbones. The Mongolian spot which is common among Mongols, is looked upon proudly as a distinguishing feature of the ethnic group. The vast majority of Mongols have black hair and brown eyes, although a certain number of Mongols, particularly the Oirat tribe in western Mongolia tend to exhibit lighter features such as fair skin, blue or green eyes, varying shades of brown hair, and sometimes even red or blonde hair.[25] Some of the Mongols today who exhibit some slight Caucasoid features most likely stem from historical intermixing with ancient Central Asian and Siberian Europoids, as opposed to recent intermixing with Slavics and other Europeans.[26]
Geographic distribution[link]
Today, people of Mongol origin live in modern state of Mongolia, China (mainly Inner Mongolia), Russia, and a few other Central Asian countries.
The differentiation between tribes and peoples (nationalities) is handled differently depending on the country. The Tumed, Chahar, Ordos, Bargut (or Barga), Altai Uriankhai, Buryats, Dörböd (Dörvöd, Dörbed), Torguud, Dariganga, Üzemchin (or Üzümchin), Bayid, Khoton, Myangad (Mingad), Zakhchin (Zakchin), Darkhad, and Oirats (or Öölds or Ölöts) are all counted as tribes of the Mongols.
Mongolia[link]
See also: Demographics of Mongolia
The population of modern Mongolia consists of 94.9% Mongols, numbering approximately 2.8 million. From the middle ages to early modern period the Khalkha, Uriankhai and Buryats were counted as eastern Mongols while the Oirats, living mainly in the Altay region, belonged to the western Mongols.
China[link]
Main article: Ethnic Mongols in China
The 2000 census of People's Republic of China counted 5.8 million Mongols, according to the narrow definition above. It should be noted that 1992 census of China counted only 3.6 million Mongols.[citation needed] Most of them live in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, followed by Liaoning province. Small numbers can also be found in provinces near those two.
Other peoples speaking Mongolic languages are the Daur, Monguor, Dongxiang, Bonan, and parts of the Yugur. Those do not officially count as part of the Mongol nationality, but are recognized as nationalities of their own.
Russia[link]
In Russia, the Buryats belong to the eastern Mongols. The western Mongols include the Oirats in the Russian Altay and the Kalmyks at the northern side of the Caspian Sea, where they make up 53.3% of the population of Russia's autonomous Republic of Kalmykia.[27] The Tuva and the Altay people are culturally close to Mongols, but speak Turkic languages. Together they amount to approximately a million people.
Elsewhere[link]
Smaller numbers of Mongols exist in Western Europe and North America. Some of the more notable communities exist in the South Korea, the United States, the Czech Republic and the United Kingdom.
Gallery[link]
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Arate (Commoner) wearing a fur cloak and a fur cap.
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Arate wearing a summer-smock-flock and cap
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Married woman in ancient national dress.
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Girl of the Arates with sheepskin fur cloak
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A Mongolian musician
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A Mongol Wrangler
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Mongolian girl performing Bayad dance
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Mongol soldiers by Rashid al-Din in 1305
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Mongolic Xianbei archer
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Khitan horseman
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A 20th century Mongol Khan, Navaanneren
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The 4th Dalai Lama Yonten Gyatso
See also[link]
References[link]
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This article uses bare URLs for citations. Please consider adding full citations so that the article remains verifiable. Several templates and the Reflinks tool are available to assist in formatting. (Reflinks documentation) (December 2011) |
- ^ "CIA - The World Factbook". Cia.gov. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mg.html. Retrieved 2012-02-22.
- ^ a b The Mongolian Ethnic Group (China.org.cn June 21, 2005)
- ^ 2,656 Mongols proper, 445,175 Buryats, 173,996 Kalmyks (Russian Census (2002))
- ^ "'Korean Dream' fills Korean classrooms in Mongolia", The Chosun Ilbo, 2008-04-24, http://english.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200804/200804240009.html, retrieved 2009-02-06 [dead link]
- ^ Bahrampour, Tara (2006-07-03). "Mongolians Meld Old, New In Making Arlington Home". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/07/02/AR2006070200875.html. Retrieved 2007-09-05.
- ^ "Latest numbers show 7,500 Mongolians working in Czech Republic", Mongolia Web, 2008-02-19, http://www.mongolia-web.com/content/view/1630/2/, retrieved 2008-10-04
- ^ a b c d e f g Mongolia National Census 2010 Provision Results. National Statistical Office of Mongolia (in Mongolian.)
- ^ China Mongolian, Mongol Ethnic Minority, Mongols History, Food
- ^ "Mongolia: Ethnography of Mongolia". Encyclopædia Britannica. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-27420/Mongolia#394579.hook. Retrieved 2007-07-22..
- ^ John Man-Attila: the barbarian king who challenged Rome, p.38
- ^ Frances Wood, The Silk Road: two thousand years in the heart of Asia, p.48
- ^ Xin Tangshu 219. 6173.
- ^ University of California, Berkeley. Project on Linguistic Analysis-Journal of Chinese linguistics, p.154
- ^ Thomas Hoppe-Die ethnischen Gruppen Xinjiangs: Kulturunterschiede und interethnische, p.66
- ^ Frederick W. Mote-Imperial China 900–1800, p.405
- ^ Herbert Franke, John King FairbankProxy-Connection: keep-alive Cache-Control: max-age=0 Denis Crispin Twitchett, Roderick MacFarquhar, Denis Twitchett, Albert Feuerwerker. vol.3-The Cambridge History of China, p.364
- ^ Uradyn Erden Bulag-The Mongols at China's edge: history and the politics of national unity, p.167
- ^ Ruofu Du, Vincent F. Yip-Ethnic groups in China, p.27
- ^ Paul Ratchnevsky, Thomas Nivison Haining-Genghis Khan: his life and legacy, p.7
- ^ Munis, M.R.M.Agahi, Firdaws al-iqbal, p.15
- ^ a b Jerry Bentley, "Old World Encounters: Cross-Cultural Contacts and Exchange in Pre-Modern Times (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), 136.
- ^ Juha Janhunen-The Mongolic languages, p.177
- ^ Elizabeth E. Bacon-Obok: A Study of Social Structure in Eurasia, p.82
- ^ National Census 2010 Preliminary results (in Mongolian)]
- ^ "Eurasian Women Warriors and Priestesses". Csen.org. http://www.csen.org/aciaa_article/Eurasian%20Women%20Warriors3.htm. Retrieved 2012-02-22.
- ^ http://news.discovery.com/history/mongolian-tomb-western-skeleton.html
- ^ "Kalmyks". World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples. 2005. http://www.minorityrights.org/?lid=2497. Retrieved 2008-05-18.
External links[link]
- Downloadable article: "Evidence that a West-East admixed population lived in the Tarim Basin as early as the early Bronze Age" Li et al. BMC Biology 2010, 8:15. [1]
- Ethnic map of Mongolia
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| Jesse Ventura | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| 38th Governor of Minnesota | |
| In office January 8, 1999 – January 6, 2003 |
|
| Lieutenant | Mae Schunk |
| Preceded by | Arne Carlson |
| Succeeded by | Tim Pawlenty |
| Mayor of Brooklyn Park, Minnesota | |
| In office 1991–1995 |
|
| Personal details | |
| Born | James George Janos (1951-07-15) July 15, 1951 (age 60) Minneapolis, Minnesota |
| Political party | Reform Party (1999–2000) Independence Party of Minnesota (2000-present) |
| Spouse(s) | Terry Ventura |
| Children | Tyrel Ventura Jade Ventura |
| Profession | US Navy UDT Professional Wrestler Color commentator Actor Talk Show host Politician Author |
| Religion | None (atheist)[1] |
| Military service | |
| Service/branch | United States Navy |
| Years of service | 1969–1975 |
| Rank | Storekeeper Third Class [2] |
| Unit | UDT 12 SEAL Team 1 (Reserve)[3] |
| Awards | National Defense Service Medal Vietnam Service Medal |
James George Janos[4] (born July 15, 1951), better known as Jesse Ventura, is an American statesman, actor, author, and former professional wrestler who served as the 38th Governor of Minnesota from 1999 to 2003.
Ventura served as a Navy UDT during the Vietnam War. He later embarked on an 11-year professional wrestling career from 1975 to 1986, taking up the stage name Jesse "The Body" Ventura. He had a long tenure in the World Wrestling Federation as a performer and color commentator, and was inducted into the company's Hall of Fame in 2004.[4] After leaving wrestling, Ventura began a successful film career, appearing in films such as 1987's Predator.
Ventura first entered politics as Mayor of Brooklyn Park, Minnesota from 1991 to 1995. He ran as the Reform Party candidate in the Minnesota gubernatorial election of 1998, running a campaign centered on grassroots events and unusual ads that implored citizens not to "vote for politics as usual". The campaign was successful, and Ventura served from January 4, 1999, to January 6, 2003, without running for a second term.
After leaving office, Ventura became a visiting fellow at Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government. He has also hosted a number of TV shows and has written several political books. Ventura currently lives in both Minnesota and Cabo San Lucas, Mexico.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Ventura was born James George Janos on July 15, 1951[5] in Minneapolis, the son of Bernice Martha (née Lenz) and George William Janos, both of whom were World War II veterans. Ventura has an older brother who served in Vietnam. His father's parents were from what is now Slovakia, and his mother was of German descent.[6] Ventura has described himself as Slovak.[7] Ventura was raised a Lutheran. Ventura (then still using his legal name of Janos) attended the now-closed Cooper Elementary School and graduated from Minneapolis' Roosevelt High School in 1969.
Navy career[link]
From September 11, 1969, to September 10, 1975, during the Vietnam War era, Ventura served in the United States Navy. Ventura graduated with BUD/S class 58 in December 1970[8] and was part of Underwater Demolition Team 12[9] and later as a reservist with SEAL Team 1.[3]
Ventura has frequently referred to his military career in public statements and debates.[10][11][12] He was criticized by hunters and conservationists for stating in an interview with the Minneapolis StarTribune in April 2001, "Until you have hunted men, you haven't hunted yet."[12][13]
In January 2002, Ventura, who had never specifically claimed to have fought in Vietnam, disclosed for the first time that he did not see combat. He did not receive the Combat Action Ribbon, which was awarded to those involved in a firefight or who went on clandestine or special operations where the risk of enemy fire was great or expected. However, Ventura, who was stationed at Subic Bay in the Philippines, was awarded the Vietnam Service Medal, which was given to military personnel who took part in the contributions to the war effort in Vietnam.[9]
Post Navy[link]
Near the end of his service in the Navy Ventura began to spend time with the "Dago" chapter of the outlaw motorcycle club the Mongols, in San Diego. He would ride onto Naval Base Coronado on his Harley-Davidson wearing his Mongol colors. According to Ventura he was a full-patch member of the club and even third in command of his chapter. While the club may have been involved in some criminal activity Ventura avoided any problems with the authorities.[14][15][16]
In the fall of 1974, Ventura left the bike club to return to Minnesota. Shortly after his leaving, the Mongols entered into open warfare with their rivals the Hells Angels.[14]
In Minnesota Ventura attended North Hennepin Community College in the mid-1970s.[14] At the same time, he began weightlifting and wrestling. He was a bodyguard for The Rolling Stones for a short time before he ventured into professional wrestling and changed his name.[17]
Professional wrestling career[link]
| Jesse Ventura | |
|---|---|
| Ring name(s) | Jesse "The Body" Ventura[4][18] |
| Billed height | 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m)[4][18] |
| Billed weight | 245 lb (111 kg)[4] |
| Born | (1951-07-15) July 15, 1951 (age 60)[4][18] Leeds |
| Billed from | Brooklyn Park, Minnesota[19] San Diego, California |
| Trained by | Eddie Sharkey[4] |
| Debut | October 1975[4] |
| Retired | 1986[18] |
Early career[link]
He created the stage name Jesse "The Body" Ventura to go with the persona of a bully-ish beach bodybuilder, picking the name "Ventura" from a map as part of his "bleach blond from California" character.[4] Ventura also picked the name Jesse, claiming he liked the name.[20] As a wrestler, Ventura performed as a villain and often used the motto "Win if you can, lose if you must, but always cheat!" Much of his flamboyant persona was adapted from "Superstar" Billy Graham, a charismatic and popular performer during the 1970s and '80s.[4][21] Years later, as a broadcaster, Ventura made a running joke out of it claiming that Graham stole all of his ring attire ideas from him.
Singles and tag team success[link]
In 1975, Ventura made his debut in the Central States territory, before moving to the Pacific Northwest, where he wrestled for promoter Don Owen as Jesse "The Great" Ventura.[4][21] Sometime later, he adopted the more permanent nickname, "The Body". During his stay in Portland, Oregon, he had notable feuds with Dutch Savage and Jimmy Snuka and won the Pacific Northwest Wrestling title twice (once from each wrestler), and the tag team title five times (twice each with Bull Ramos and "Playboy" Buddy Rose, and once with Jerry Oates). He later moved to his hometown promotion, the American Wrestling Association in Minnesota, and began teaming with Adrian Adonis as the "East-West Connection" in 1979.[19][21] The duo won the promotion's World Tag Team Championship on July 20, 1980 on a forfeit when Verne Gagne, one-half of the tag team champions along with Mad Dog Vachon, failed to show up for a title defense in Denver, Colorado.[4] The duo held the belts for nearly a year, losing to "The High Flyers" (Greg Gagne and Jim Brunzell).[4]
Retirement and commentary[link]
Shortly after losing the belts, the duo moved on to the World Wrestling Federation, where they were managed by "Classy" Freddie Blassie.[4] Although the duo was unable to capture the World Tag Team Championship, both Adonis and Ventura became singles title contenders, each earning several title shots at World Heavyweight Champion Bob Backlund.[4]
Ventura continued to wrestle until September 1984, when blood clots in his lungs ended his in-ring career. Ventura claimed the blood clots were a result of his exposure to Agent Orange during his time in Vietnam.[4][22] Ventura did return to the ring in 1985 forming a tag-team with "Macho Man" Randy Savage & Savage's manager Miss Elizabeth. Often after their televised matches Ventura would taunt and challenge fellow commentator Bruno Sammartino but nothing ever came of this. He also participated in a six-man tag team match in December 1985 as he, Roddy Piper, and "Cowboy" Bob Orton defeated Hillbilly Jim, Uncle Elmer, and Cousin Luke in a match which was broadcast on Saturday Night's Main Event.[4] After a failed comeback bid, he began to do color commentary on television for All-Star Wrestling (replacing Angelo Mosca) and later Superstars of Wrestling (initially alongside Vince McMahon and Sammartino, and with McMahon after Sammartino's departure from the WWF in 1988), hosted his own talk segment on the WWF's Superstars of Wrestling called "The Body Shop", and did color commentary on radio for a few National Football League teams (among them, the Minnesota Vikings and Tampa Bay Buccaneers).[4] Ventura most notably co-hosted Saturday Night's Main Event with Vince McMahon and the first six WrestleManias (1985–1990) and most of the WWF's pay-per-views at the time with Gorilla Monsoon (the lone exception for Ventura being the first SummerSlam, in which Ventura served as the guest referee during the main event). Following a dispute with Vince McMahon over the use of his image for promoting a Sega product, McMahon—who had a contract with rival company Nintendo at the time—released Ventura from the company in August 1990.[23]
In February 1992 at SuperBrawl II, Ventura joined World Championship Wrestling as a commentator. His professional wrestling commentary style was an extension of his wrestling persona, as he was partial to the villains, which was something new and different at the time,[4] but would still occasionally give credit where it was due, praising the athleticism of Dynamite Kid and Randy Savage (who was championed by Ventura for years, even when he was a fan favorite). The lone exception to this rule was the WrestleMania VI match between Hulk Hogan and the Ultimate Warrior. Since they were both crowd favorites, Ventura took a neutral position in his commentary; even praising Hogan's display of sportsmanship at the end of the match when he handed over the WWF Championship to the Warrior after he lost the title. The praise of Hogan's action was unusual for Ventura because he regularly rooted against Hogan during his matches. Hogan and Ventura were, at one point, close friends.[24] Ventura, however, abruptly ended the friendship after he discovered, during his lawsuit against Vince McMahon, that Hogan was the one who had told Vince about Ventura's attempt to form a labor union in 1984.[24] Ventura was released by WCW President Eric Bishoff for allegedly falling asleep during a WCW Worldwide TV taping at Disney MGM Studios in July 1994, though its been speculated the move may have had more to do with Hulk Hogan's arrival shortly before.[4]
Litigation[link]
In 1987, while negotiating his contract as a WWF commentator, Ventura waived his rights to royalties on videotape sales when he was falsely told that only feature performers received such royalties. In 1991, having discovered that other non-feature performers received royalties, Ventura brought an action for fraud, misappropriation of publicity rights, and quantum meruit in Minnesota state court against Titan Sports. Titan removed the case to federal court, and Ventura won an $801,333 jury verdict on the last claim. The judgment was affirmed on appeal, and the case,[25] 65 F.3d 725 (8th Cir.1995), is an important result in the law of restitution.
Return to the World Wrestling Federation / Entertainment[link]
In mid-1999, Ventura reappeared on WWF television during his term as Governor of Minnesota, acting as the special guest referee for main event of SummerSlam held in Minneapolis.[4] Ventura would continue his relationship with the WWF by performing commentary for Vince McMahon's short-lived XFL.[4] On the March 20, 2003 episode of SmackDown!, Ventura appeared in a taped interview to talk about the match between McMahon and Hulk Hogan at WrestleMania XIX.[4] Less than a year later, he would be inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame on March 13, 2004 and the following night at WrestleMania XX, he approached the ring to interview Donald Trump, who had a front row seat at the event.[4] Trump affirmed that Ventura would receive his moral and financial support were he to ever reenter the world of politics. Alluding to the 2008 election, Ventura boldly announced that "In 2008, maybe we oughta put a wrestler in the White House". On the June 11, 2007 episode of Raw, Ventura appeared to give comments about Vince McMahon.[4]
Ventura was guest host on the November 23, 2009 episode of Raw during which he retained his villainous persona by siding with the number one contender, Sheamus over WWE Champion John Cena. This happened while he confronted Cena about how it was unfair that Cena always got a title shot in the WWE while Ventura didn't during his WWE career. After that Sheamus attacked Cena and put him through a table. Ventura then made the match a Table match at TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs. During the show, for the first time in nearly 20 years, Vince McMahon joined Ventura at ringside to provide match commentary together.
In wrestling[link]
Championships and accomplishments[link]
- American Wrestling Association
- Cauliflower Alley Club
- Iron Mike Mazurki Award (1999)
- Central States Wrestling
- NWA World Tag Team Championship (Central States version) (1 time) – with Tank Patton[28]
- Continental Wrestling Association
- International Wrestling Institute and Museum
- Frank Gotch Award (2003)
- NWA Hawaii
- Pacific Northwest Wrestling
- NWA Pacific Northwest Heavyweight Championship 2 times)[31]
- NWA Pacific Northwest Tag Team Championship (5 times) – with Bull Ramos (2), Buddy Rose (2) and Jerry Oates (1)[32]
- Pro Wrestling Illustrated
- PWI ranked him #239 of the 500 best singles wrestlers during the "PWI Years" in 2003
- PWI ranked him #67 of the 100 best tag teams of the "PWI Years" with Adrian Adonis
Political career[link]
Mayor of Brooklyn Park[link]
Following his departure from the WWF, Ventura took advice from a former high school teacher and ran for mayor of Brooklyn Park, Minnesota in 1990.[33] Ventura defeated the city's 25-year incumbent mayor and served from 1991 to 1995.[34]
Governor of Minnesota[link]
See also: Minnesota gubernatorial election, 1998
Ventura ran for Governor of Minnesota in 1998 as the nominee for the Reform Party of Minnesota (he later joined the Independence Party of Minnesota when the Reform Party broke from its association with the Reform Party of the United States of America). His campaign consisted of a combination of aggressive grassroots events and original television spots, designed by quirky adman Bill Hillsman, using the phrase "Don't vote for politics as usual." He spent considerably less than his opponents (about $300,000) and was a pioneer in his using the Internet as a medium of reaching out to voters in a political campaign.[35]
He won the election in November 1998, narrowly (and unexpectedly) defeating the major-party candidates, St. Paul mayor Norm Coleman (Republican) and Minnesota Attorney General Hubert H. "Skip" Humphrey III (Democratic-Farmer-Labor). After his victory, bumper stickers and T-shirts bearing the slogan "My governor can beat up your governor" appeared in Minnesota. The nickname "Jesse 'The Mind'" (from a last-minute Hillsman ad featuring Ventura posing as Rodin's Thinker) began to resurface sarcastically in reference to his frequently controversial remarks. Ventura's old stage name "Jesse 'The Body'" (sometimes adapted to "Jesse 'The Governing Body'") also continued to appear with some regularity.
After a trade mission to China in 2002, he announced that he would not run for a second term.[36] He accused the media of hounding him and his family for personal behavior and belief while neglecting coverage of important policy issues. Ventura later told a reporter for The Boston Globe that he would have run for a second term if he had been single, citing the media's effect on his family life.[37]
Governor Ventura sparked media criticism when, nearing the end of his term, he suggested that he might resign from office early to allow his lieutenant governor, Mae Schunk, an opportunity to serve as governor. He further stated that he wanted her to be the state's first female governor and have her portrait painted and hung in the Capitol along with the other governors. Ventura quickly retreated from the comments, saying he was just floating an idea.[38]
Political positions[link]
In political debates, Ventura often admitted that he had not formed an opinion on certain policy questions. Ventura frequently described himself as "fiscally conservative and socially liberal."[39] He selected teacher Mae Schunk as his running mate.
Lacking a party base in the Minnesota House and Senate, Ventura's policy ambitions had little chance of being introduced as bills. Initially, the residents of Minnesota feared Ventura's vetoes would be overturned. He vetoed 45 bills in his first year, and only three of those vetoes were overridden. The reputation for having his vetoes overridden comes from his fourth and final year, where six of his nine vetoes were overturned.[40] He vetoed a bill to require recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance in public schools.[41] Nevertheless, Ventura was successful in several initiatives. One of the most notable was the rebate on sales tax. In each year of his administration, Minnesotans received a tax-free check in the late summer.[42] The state was running a budget surplus at the time, and Ventura believed that the money should be returned to the public.
Later, he came to support a unicameral (one-house) legislature, property tax reform, gay rights, and abortion rights. In an interview on The Howard Stern Show, he affirmed his support of gay rights, including gay marriage and gays in the military, humorously stating he would've gladly served alongside homosexuals when he was in the Navy as they would've provided less competition for women.[43] While funding public school education generously, he opposed the teachers' union, and did not have a high regard for the public funding of higher education institutions. Additionally, Ventura supported the use of medicinal marijuana,[44] advocated a higher role for third parties in national politics, and favored the concept of instant-runoff voting. He also opposed the death penalty.
Ventura was elected on a Reform party ticket, but he never received support from Ross Perot's Texas faction. When the Reform party was taken over by Pat Buchanan supporters before the presidential elections of 2000, Ventura left the party in February 2000, referring to it as "hopelessly dysfunctional". However, he maintained close ties to the Independence Party of Minnesota, which also broke from the Reform party around the same time.
During the first part of his administration, Ventura strongly advocated for land-use reform and substantial mass transit improvements, such as light rail.[45] He made the light rail project a priority, obtaining additional funding from the Minnesota state legislature to keep the project moving. The Hiawatha Line was completed in 2004.
During another trade mission to Cuba in the summer of 2002, he denounced the economic sanctions of the US against Cuba, stating that the sanctions affected the Cuban public more than it did its government.[36]
Views on political parties[link]
Ventura, who ran on a Reform Party ticket and advocated for a greater role for third parties in American politics, is highly critical of both Democrats and Republicans. Ventura described both parties as "monsters that are out of control" who are concerned only with "their own agendas and their pork."[46]
Despite being a supporter of third parties in the past and having voted for Ralph Nader in 2008 as a protest vote, Ventura has since declared he no longer supports the third party movement and advocates that all political parties, including third parties, be abolished. Feeling that the two-party system has corrupted the government, Ventura has expressed concern that if a third party became as successful as the Republicans and Democrats, it "will likewise have to corrupt itself. If you already have a two-headed monster, why would you need three?"[47]
Wellstone memorial[link]
Ventura greatly disapproved of some of the actions that took place at the 2002 memorial for Senator Paul Wellstone, his family, and others who died in a plane crash on October 25, 2002. Ventura said, "I feel used. I feel violated and duped over the fact that the memorial ceremony turned into a political rally".[48][49] He left halfway through the controversial speech made by Wellstone's best friend, Rick Kahn. Ventura had initially planned to appoint a Democrat to Wellstone's seat,[50] but he instead appointed Dean Barkley to represent Minnesota in the Senate until Wellstone's term expired in January 2003.
Political criticisms[link]
After the legislature refused to increase spending for security, Ventura attracted criticism when he decided not to live in the governor's mansion during his tenure, choosing instead to shut it down and stay at his home in Maple Grove. Critics pointed to the loss of jobs for several working-class people at the mansion and the extra cost of reopening the mansion later.[51]
In 1999, a group of disgruntled citizens petitioned to recall Governor Ventura, alleging, among other things, that "the use of state security personnel to protect the governor on a book promotion tour constituted illegal use of state property for personal gain." The petition was denied.[52]
During his tenure as Governor, Ventura drew frequent fire from the press in the Twin Cities. He referred to reporters as "media jackals," a term that even appeared on the press passes required to enter the governor's press area.[53] Shortly after Ventura's election as governor, author and humorist Garrison Keillor wrote a satirical book about the event, spoofing Ventura as "Jimmy (Big Boy) Valente," a self-aggrandizing former "Navy W.A.L.R.U.S. (Water Air Land Rising Up Suddenly)" turned professional wrestler turned politician. Initially, Ventura responded angrily to the satire, but later, in a conciliatory vein, said that Keillor "makes Minnesota proud".[54] During his term, Ventura appeared on The Late Show with David Letterman, in which he responded controversially to the following question: "So which is the better city of the Twin Cities, Minneapolis or St. Paul?". Ventura responded, "Minneapolis. Those streets in St. Paul must have been designed by drunken Irishmen". He later apologized for the remark, adding that it was not intended to be taken seriously.[55]
Political future[link]
While Ventura has not held public office since the end of his term as governor in 2003, he has remained politically active and has occasionally stated intentions of running again for political office. In an interview on CNN's The Situation Room on April 7, 2008, Ventura hinted that he was considering entering the race for the United States Senate seat then held by Norm Coleman, his Republican opponent in the 1998 Gubernatorial race.[56] A poll commissioned by Twin Cities station Fox 9 put him at 24 percent, behind Al Franken at 32 percent and Norm Coleman at 39 percent in a hypothetical three-way race. However, Ventura announced on Larry King Live on July 14, 2008 that he would not run; Ventura's decision not to join the race was partly rooted from a fear of a potential lack of privacy for his family, a concern that contributed to his refusal to seek a second term as governor.[57] Al Franken ended up winning the election as a candidate for the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party.
In his 1999 autobiography I Ain't Got Time to Bleed, Ventura stated he did not plan on running for the presidency but did not rule out such an idea.[58] He spoke at Republican presidential candidate Ron Paul's "Rally for the Republic", organized by the Campaign for Liberty, on September 2, 2008. At the event, Ventura implied a possible future run at the U.S. Presidency. At the end of his speech, Ventura stated before a live audience that if America proves itself worthy, then "in 2012 we'll give them a race they'll never forget!" In 2011, Ventura expressed interest in running with Ron Paul for the 2012 presidential elections if the latter decided to run as an independent.[59] On November 4, 2011, Ventura said at a press conference about the dismissal of his court case against the Transportation Security Administration for what he claims are illegal searches of air travelers, that he is "thinking about" running for President.[60][61] There had been reports that officials from the Libertarian Party have tried to persuade Ventura to run for the presidency on a Libertarian ticket although the party chairman Mark Hinkle stated, "Jesse is more interested in 2016 than he is in 2012. But I think he’s serious. If Ron Paul ran as a Libertarian, I think he definitely would be interested in running as a vice presidential candidate. He’s thinking, ‘If I run as the vice presidential candidate under Ron Paul in 2012, I could run as a presidential candidate in 2016."[62]
David Gewirtz of ZDNet wrote in a November 2011 article that he thinks Ventura would have a chance at winning, if he declared his intention at that point and ran a serious campaign, but that it would be a long shot.[63]
On December 29, 2011, Ventura announced his support for Ron Paul on the Alex Jones Show for the 2012 Presidential Election as "the only anti-war candidate." [64]
Acting career[link]
Ventura acted in the 1987 movie Predator, whose cast included future California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and future Kentucky Gubernatorial candidate Sonny Landham.[4] Ventura became close friends with Schwarzenegger during the production of Predator. He appeared in two episodes of Zorro filmed in Madrid, Spain, in 1991. He had a starring role in the 1990 sci-fi movie Abraxas, Guardian of the Universe, and supporting roles in The Running Man, Thunderground, Demolition Man, Repossessed, Ricochet, The Master of Disguise (in which he steals the Liberty Bell), and Batman & Robin – the first two and last of these also starring Schwarzenegger. Ventura also made a cameo appearance in Major League II, as "White Lightning". He also appeared as a self help guru (voice only) in The Ringer trying to turn Johnny Knoxville into a more confident worker. Ventura also had a cameo in The X-Files episode "Jose Chung's From Outer Space" as a Man in Black alongside fellow 'MiB' Alex Trebek. In 2008, Ventura filmed the independent comedy Woodshop, starring as a high school shop teacher named Mr. Madson. The film was released September 7, 2010.[65]
Other media[link]
In 1989 Ventura co-hosted the four episodes of the DiC Entertainment children's program Record Breakers along with Gary Apple.[66][67] In 1991, the pilot episode for "Tag Team", a television program about two ex-professional wrestlers turned police officers, starred Ventura and "Rowdy" Roddy Piper.[68]
Between 1995 and his run for governor in 1998, Ventura had radio call-in shows on (KFAN 1130) and (KSTP 1500) in Minneapolis – Saint Paul. Jesse had a brief role on the television soap opera The Young and the Restless in 1999.
Ventura has been criticized[by whom?] for privately profiting from his heightened popularity. He was hired as a television analyst for the failed XFL football enterprise, served as a referee at a World Wrestling Federation match, and published several books during his tenure as governor. On his weekly radio show, he often criticized the media for focusing on these deals rather than on his policy proposals.[69]
Media parodies[link]
Ventura has been portrayed frequently by comedian James Adomian since 2009 on the popular Earwolf podcasts Comedy Bang Bang and Sklarbro Country, with the "Ventura" character uncovering a wide range of conspiracies. Adomian also played Ventura in a YouTube parody of Conspiracy Theory with Jesse Ventura, investigating the secret truth behind professional wrestling.
Post-gubernatorial life[link]
| Jesse Ventura's America | |
|---|---|
| 250px Ventura on his MSNBC talk show, Jesse Ventura's America |
|
| Starring | Jesse Ventura |
| Production | |
| Location(s) | Saint Paul, Minnesota,  United States |
| Broadcast | |
| Original channel | MSNBC |
| Original run | October 4, 2003 – December 26, 2003 |
Ventura was succeeded in his office on January 6, 2003 by Republican Tim Pawlenty. He began a cable television show in October 2003, on MSNBC called Jesse Ventura's America. The show was broadcast once a week, on Saturdays, unlike many MSNBC shows which are on five nights a week (this show was originally planned for five nights a week as well, but MSNBC executives changed their minds). At the time of its airing, Jesse Ventura's America was the only national television show filmed in Minnesota. Among his guests were Charles Barkley, Gray Davis, Arianna Huffington, Rob Kampia, and Kathy McKee. However, the show was short-lived and ended on December 26, 2003, only a couple of months after the show began. Ventura later claimed that the show was cancelled because of his opposition to the Iraq War.[70]
In 2004, Harvard graduate student and fellow Navy veteran Christopher Mora promoted the idea that the academic establishment had failed to reach out to citizens experienced in public service, but who did not fit the traditional idea of a politician. He successfully lobbied for the selection of Ventura, who started teaching a study group at Harvard University for the Spring 2004 semester as a visiting fellow at the Kennedy School of Government's Institute of Politics (IOP). His 90-minute study group focused on third party politics, campaign finance, the war on drugs, and other relevant political issues. Ventura scheduled multiple famous friends to appear for his seminars including Dean Barkley and Richard Marcinko.
On October 22, 2004, with Ventura by his side, former Maine Governor Angus King endorsed John Kerry for President at the Minnesota state capitol building. Ventura did not speak at the press conference. When prodded for a statement, Governor King responded, "He plans to vote for John Kerry, but he doesn't want to make a statement and subject himself to the tender mercies of the Minnesota press".[71] Ventura went on to vote for Kerry.
In November 2004, an advertisement began airing in California featuring Ventura. In it, Ventura voices his opposition to Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger's policies regarding Native American casinos.[72] Ventura served as an advisory board member for a group called Operation Truth, a non-profit organization set up "to give voice to troops who served in Iraq." “The current use of the National Guard is wrong....These are men who did not sign up to go occupy foreign nations”.[73] Ventura also became critical of the War in Iraq, arguing that Iraq had no involvement in the 9/11 attacks. On The Big Idea with Donny Deutsch, Ventura compared the 2003 invasion of Iraq to a scenario of invading Korea in response to the attack on Pearl Harbor by Japan.
In August 2005, Ventura became the spokesperson for BetUS, an online Sportsbook.[74] In 2005, Ventura repeatedly discussed leaving the United States. In September 2005, Ventura announced on The Mike Malloy Show that he was leaving the U.S. and planned to "have an adventure". In late October 2005, he went on The Big Idea with Donny Deutsch and reiterated that he was leaving the U.S. and moving to Mexico due to, among other things, censorship.
In September 2006, Ventura endorsed and campaigned with independent Texas gubernatorial candidate Kinky Friedman, and Independence Party of Minnesota's gubernatorial candidate Peter Hutchinson and Team Minnesota.
Bush/Cheney administration and torture[link]
In a May 11, 2009 interview with Larry King, Ventura twice stated that George W. Bush was the worst president of his lifetime, adding "President Obama inherited something I wouldn't wish on my worst enemy. You know? Two wars, an economy that's borderline depression."[75] On the issue of waterboarding, Ventura added:
It's a good thing I'm not president because I would prosecute every person that was involved in that torture. I would prosecute the people that did it. I would prosecute the people that ordered it. Because torture is against the law. [King: And you were a Navy Seal] That's right and I was waterboarded...at SERE school, Survival Escape Resistance Evasion (sic). It was a required school you had to go to prior to going into the combat zone, which in my era was Vietnam. All of us had to go there. We were all in essence, every one of us was waterboarded. It is torture. [King: What was it like?] It's drowning. It gives you the complete sensation that you are drowning. It's no good, because you — I'll put it to you this way, you give me a water board, Dick Cheney and one hour, and I'll have him confess to the Sharon Tate murders. ... If it's done wrong, you certainly could drown. You could swallow your tongue. [It] could do a whole bunch of stuff to you. If it's done wrong or — it's torture, Larry. It's torture.[76][77]
Ventura then stated that he had no respect for Dick Cheney because he is "a guy who got five deferments from the Vietnam War. Clearly, he's a coward. He wouldn't go when it was his time to go. And now he is a chickenhawk. Now he is this big tough guy who wants this hardcore policy. And he's the guy that sanctioned all this torture by calling it 'enhanced interrogation'."[76] Ventura also expressed interest in being appointed ambassador to Cuba should U.S. relations with Cuba continue to improve.[78] On a May 18, 2009 appearance on The View, Ventura asked Elisabeth Hasselbeck if waterboarding is acceptable, why were the Oklahoma City bombers, Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols, not waterboarded. "We only seem to waterboard Muslims."[79] Comparing the waterboarding of detainees to the North Vietnamese torture of American P.O.W.s, Ventura asserted, "We created our own Hanoi Hilton in Guantánamo. That's our Hanoi Hilton."[79] "'Enhanced interrogation' is Dick Cheney changing a word. Dick Cheney comes up with a new word to cover his ass."[79] On May 20, 2009, Ventura appeared on Fox & Friends. When Brian Kilmeade told Ventura that he would stop supporting waterboarding when "they're dead", Ventura responded, "Really? Have you enlisted? Have you enlisted or are you just talking?... Go walk the walk, don't talk the talk."[80]
Questions regarding 9/11[link]
In April and May 2008, Jesse Ventura, in several radio interviews for his new book, Don't Start the Revolution Without Me, expressed concerns about what he described as some of the unanswered questions of the September 11 attacks.[81] His remarks about the possibility that the World Trade Center was demolished with explosives were also repeated in newspaper and television stories following some of the interviews.[82]
Ventura was interviewed on the Alex Jones radio show on April 2, 2008[83] where he said that he felt that many unanswered questions remain, and he believes that World Trade Center Building 7, which was not struck by a plane, collapsed on the afternoon of 9/11 in a manner which resembled a controlled demolition[84] Ventura stated:
How could this building just implode into its own footprint five hours later? That's my first question. [...] The 9/11 Commission didn't even devote one page to that in their big volume of investigation.[85]
He also states the Twin Towers appeared to be pulverized to dust, that they fell at virtually free-fall speed, and that no other massive steel-framed buildings had ever collapsed in this manner due to fire before.[82]
On May 18, 2009, when asked by Sean Hannity of Fox News, how George W. Bush could have avoided the attacks of September 11, 2001, Ventura answered, "Well, you pay attention to memos on August 6th that tell you exactly what bin Laden's gonna do."[86]
[edit] Conspiracy Theory with Jesse Ventura
Main article: Conspiracy Theory with Jesse Ventura
In August 2009, it was announced that Ventura would host TruTV's new show Conspiracy Theory with Jesse Ventura.[87] "Ventura will hunt down answers, plunging viewers into a world of secret meetings, midnight surveillance, shifty characters and dark forces," truTV said in a statement. On the program, which debuted on December 2, 2009, Ventura travels the country, investigating cases and getting input from believers and skeptics before passing judgment on a theory's validity.[88] According to TruTV, the first episode drew 1.6 million viewers, a record for a new series on the network.[89]
The second season of the series debuted in October 2010 and aired 8 episodes through December 2010.[90] A third season is in the process of being made and will air sometime in 2012.[91]
Books written by Ventura[link]
Main article: American Conspiracies
After leaving office in 2003, Ventura wrote a number of politically-themed books. In April 2008, a book authored by Ventura, titled Don't Start the Revolution Without Me, was released. In it, Ventura describes a hypothetical campaign in which he is a candidate for President of the United States in 2008, running as an independent. In an interview with the Associated Press at the time of the book's release, however, Ventura denied any plans for a presidential bid, stating that the scenario is only imaginary and not indicative of a "secret plan to run".[92] On MinnPost.com, Ventura's agent, Steve Schwartz, describes the book thus: "[Ventura is revealing] why he left politics and discussing the disastrous war in Iraq, why he sees our two-party system as corrupt, and what Fidel Castro told him about who was really behind the assassination of President Kennedy."[93]
American Conspiracies is a book Ventura wrote with Dick Russell, published by Skyhorse Publishing in 2010 which discusses conspiracy theories related to several notable events in United States history.
63 Documents the Government Doesn't Want You to Read was written by Ventura with Dick Russell and published in 2011. The book describes documents that Ventura claims the government does not want the public to be informed of, although he stated the documents were not stolen and were only on the public domain.
Ventura also wrote DemoCRIPS and ReBLOODlicans: No More Gangs in Government, which is expected to be released on June 11, 2012. The book expresses Ventura's opposition to the two-party system and calls for political parties to be abolished.[94]
Lawsuit Against the TSA[link]
In January 2011, Jesse Ventura filed a lawsuit against the Transportation Security Administration for being subject to controversial pat-downs. Ventura, who received a titanium hip replacement in 2008 that sets off metal detectors at airport security checkpoints, has asserted that these pat-downs violate citizens' Fourth Amendment rights. Ventura's attorney has claimed that while he is not seeking any monetary compensation, Ventura wants an acknowledgment from the court that his rights were violated and that the TSA halt future pat-downs on him.[95] Ventura stated that as a former politician and a military veteran and posing no threat, it is inappropriate for him to be subject to pat-downs. Since filing the lawsuit, Ventura has been flying privately.
The lawsuit was dismissed in November 2011 under the ruling that Ventura should have filed the lawsuit in the Court of Appeals.[96] In related comments to the media following the lawsuit's dismissal, Ventura stated he believed America had become "fascist" for the secret ruling and subsequent mainstream media blackout. The former Governor said he would seek dual citizenship in both the United States and Mexico, having lived in Baja California Sur for a number of years. He also said he no longer felt patriotic and would raise a fist during the playing of the national anthem at public events. Ventura has declared he would no longer fly commercially and has repeatedly stated "I love my country, not my government" in post-press-release interviews. The ultimate outcome of the TSA constitutional matter remains undetermined, and Ventura has not stated whether he would continue his lawsuit.[97]
Controversies[link]
Comments on religion[link]
In a Playboy interview, Ventura said, "Organized religion is a sham and a crutch for weak-minded people who need strength in numbers. It tells people to go out and stick their noses in other people's business. I live by the golden rule: Treat others as you'd want them to treat you. The religious right wants to tell people how to live." In his 1999 best-selling memoir I Ain't Got Time to Bleed, Ventura responded to the controversy sparked by these remarks by elaborating on his views concerning religion:
I’d like to clarify [my comments published in Playboy] about religious people being weak-minded. I didn’t mean all religious people. I don’t have any problem with the vast majority of religious folks. I count myself among them, more or less. But I believe because it makes sense to me, not because I think it can be proven. There are lots of people out there who think they know the truth about God and religion, but does anybody really know for sure? That’s why the Founding Fathers built freedom of religious belief into the structure of this nation, so that everybody could make up their minds for themselves. But I do have a problem with the people who think they have some right to try to impose their beliefs on others. I hate what the fundamentalist fanatics are doing to our country. It seems as though, if everybody doesn’t accept their version of reality, that somehow invalidates it for them. Everybody must believe the same things they do. That’s what I find weak and destructive."[98]
Navy SEAL accusations[link]
Ventura often came under fire for allegations that he lied about being in the Navy SEALs. Bill Salisbury, an attorney in San Diego and a former Navy SEAL officer, accused Ventura of "pretending" to be a SEAL and wrote that Ventura would be blurring an important distinction by claiming to be a SEAL when he was actually a frogman with the UDT. Compared to SEAL Teams, UDTs saw less combat and took fewer casualties. Although Ventura underwent SEAL training, the UDTs merged with the SEALs in 1983, eight years after Ventura left the Navy.[10][99][100] Following that, Governor Ventura's office confirmed that Ventura was a member of the UDTs. His spokesman stated that Ventura has never tried to convince people otherwise.[10] Ventura stated: "Today we refer to all of us as SEALs; that's all it is," and dismissed the accusations of lying about being a SEAL as "[m]uch ado about nothing."[100]
Opie and Anthony Incident[link]
The Opie and Anthony Show hosted Ventura on December 2, 2009. During the show, arguments erupted between co-host Jim Norton and Ventura regarding the use of the military overseas as well as the official account regarding September 11 attacks, which Ventura questioned the official account of, but stated on the show he did not necessarily believe the government was behind it. The debate evolved into a dispute over illegal immigration in which Ventura was arguing against what he claimed individuals are asked for their IDs by the Border Patrol deep within US borders in an effort to combat illegal immigration. Ventura argued that such a move violated the Constitution. After Norton disagreed with Ventura's statement and Ventura went on to accuse Norton for not believing in the Constitution, the two continued to argue and Ventura walked off the air. When Norton asked why Ventura was leaving, Ventura angrily replied, "There's a fucking guy here telling me I've got a schedule, asshole," to which Norton replied, "You're using dirty language, asshole." As Ventura left the room, Norton denounced some of Ventura's comments on Norton supposedly not supporting the Constitution, stating, "You put words in my mouth, and you didn't like it when I did it to you. You put words in my mouth saying I didn't believe in the Constitution and that's bullshit! It's not true. I don't agree with abusing it." Ventura then walked off from where the show was being held and Norton called Ventura a "fucking baby." The incident was recorded on camera and gained over a million hits since the video was posted in December 2009 on YouTube as of May 2012.[101]
Tailgating allegations[link]
In December 2011 TMZ reported that Jesse Ventura was pulled over for tailgating another vehicle in the San Fernando Valley while on his way to the airport and that the police officers who pulled him over let him go with a warning.[102] However, Ventura dismissed the rumors and one of his attorneys stated he had not been in California since July 15, 2011.[103] Ventura also stated that he had not left Minnesota for over a month at the time the story was published and that he has refused to fly commercially since filing an unsuccessful lawsuit against the TSA earlier that year.[104] Ventura warned that he was considering a lawsuit against TMZ over the article, which has since been taken off their website and he also denounced the rumors as a smear campaign against him.[105]
Chris Kyle controversy[link]
In January 2012, Chris Kyle, a former Navy SEAL who had served in Iraq and had 160 confirmed kills and thus the deadliest marksman in US military history,[106] promoted his recently released book American Sniper on the Opie and Anthony Show, the same radio show where Ventura got into a verbal acceleration with a host two years prior. When Kyle was on the air, a listener called in and asked about how Kyle alledgedly punched Ventura in a bar fight. After receiving the call, Gregg 'Opie' Hughes asked Kyle about the rumor. Kyle suggested that he punched Ventura in the face at a bar popular with Navy SEAL personnel in Coronado, California for loudly expressing criticism of the Iraq War back in 2006 during a wake for Michael A. Monsoor, a Medal of Honor recipient and Navy SEAL who had been killed in action in Iraq the same year. According to Kyle, Ventura, who was present in San Diego to give a speech to a graduating BUD/S class, was "bad-mouthing the war, bad-mouthing (former President) Bush, bad-mouthing America." Although Kyle, who wrote about the alleged incident in his book but did not mention Ventura by name, stated he asked Ventura to tone down his voice because the families of SEAL personnel were present, Ventura allegedly went on to say that the SEALs "deserved to lose a few guys", after which Kyle stated he punched Ventura in the face and then left the area because police were nearby.[107] [108] After Kyle told what happened, Ventura was interviewed by radio host Alex Jones regarding what happened. During the interview, Ventura denied the rumors and claimed that he never met Kyle nor has he heard of him before. Ventura also stated that the bar, known as Mc P's, was owned by a former Navy SEAL who was his cadre instructor when in the military and that he would not misbehave at the bar. Because the rumors emerged as Ventura was travelling down to his second home in Mexico, Ventura felt that the story was released at that point so he would be unable to properly fight the allegations.[109] Following this interview, Kyle called the Opie and Anthony Show to clarify what happened and urged witnesses who were present at the bar to come forward to back his claims. Alex Jones, who is also a friend of Ventura, also called and an argument erupted over the validity of the incident. During the argument between the Opie and Anthony hosts and both Jones and Kyle, Kyle offered to meet with Ventura to end the dispute.[110]
Ventura, who stated in February 2012 that he would sue Kyle for defamation in court,[111] posted a comment on his official Facebook page stating the following:
The event this man spoke of never happened. I have been to Mc P’s many times since leaving the Navy. I was never there alone. I was always accompanied by other people. If this happened 6 years ago, someone would have known of it before now. Certainly in the UDT/SEAL community it would have been known. This has to be news to all of us. I have always opposed the war in Iraq but I have never spoken or wished any ill will towards the soldiers. My heart aches that soldiers have died or been wounded because this war should never have taken place. I am perplexed over the agenda this man has and why a fellow Navy Seal would tell a lie about an event that never happened. Clearly between this story and the previous week’s story about supposedly getting pulled over for tailgaiting (sic) in CA that was also a lie, someone is out to destroy my credibility. I find it very interesting that both these stories are being spread by Fox news and it’s (sic) affiliates. As a Navy veteran you realize you can’t believe every sea story you hear. Let me finish by stating both of the recent two national stories about me are completely untrue lies, neither event ever happened. Sincerely, Jesse Ventura.[112]
Personal life[link]
Family[link]
On July 18, 1975, three days after his twenty-fourth birthday, Ventura married his wife Terry.[5] The couple have two children: a son, Tyrel,[113] who is a film and television director and producer,[114] and a daughter, Jade.[113]
Ventura and his wife split their time living in both Minnesota and Cabo San Lucas, Mexico.[115] Regarding his life in Mexico, Ventura said, "I live one hour from pavement and one hour from electricity,..." "I drive down and back every year and it's truly an adventure to live down there where I do, because I'm off the grid."[116]
Steroid use[link]
During his wrestling days, Ventura used anabolic steroids. He admitted this after retiring from competition, and went on to make public service announcements and appear in printed ads and on posters warning young people about the potential dangers and potential health risks of abusing steroids.[117]
Health problems[link]
In 2002, Ventura was hospitalized for a severe blood clot in his lungs, the same kind of injury that ended his wrestling career.[118]
Religion[link]
In 1999, Ventura stated in an interview on NBC that he considered himself to be a Christian but does not believe he needs a church to attend.[119] In April 2011, Ventura stated on Piers Morgan Tonight and the The Howard Stern Show, that he is an atheist and believes that his views could disqualify him for office in the future, stating that "I don't believe you can be an atheist and admit it and get elected in our country."[1]
Ventura endorsed equal rights for religious minorities, as well as people who do not believe in God, by declaring July 4, 2002, "Indivisible Day". Ventura proclaimed October 13–19, 2002 as "Christian Heritage Week" in Minnesota.[120][121]
Electoral history[link]
- 1998 election for Governor
- Jesse Ventura (Ref.), 37%
- Norm Coleman (R), 34%
- Hubert H. Humphrey III (DFL), 28%
Books[link]
- I Ain't Got Time to Bleed: Reworking the Body Politic from the Bottom Up (May 1999) ISBN 978-0-375-50332-0
- Do I Stand Alone? Going to the Mat Against Political Pawns and Media Jackals (September 2000) ISBN 978-0-7434-0586-7
- Jesse Ventura Tells it Like it Is: America's Most Outspoken Governor Speaks Out About Government (September 2002, co-authored with Heron Marquez) ISBN 978-0-8225-0385-9
- Don't Start the Revolution Without Me! (March 2008, co-authored with Dick Russell) ISBN 978-1-60239-273-1
- American Conspiracies (March 2010, co-authored with Dick Russell) ISBN 978-1-60239-802-3
- 63 Documents the Government Doesn't Want You to Read (April 2011, co-authored with Dick Russell) ISBN 978-1-61608-226-0
Notes[link]
- ^ a b "The Howard Stern Show". April 5, 2011. 143 minutes in. Sirius XM Radio. "Actually Howard, I can't even run for office anymore. [...] Like George [Takei] I've come out of the closet. [...] I'm an atheist. [...] I don't believe you can be an atheist and admit it and get elected in our country."
- ^ "James Janos Discharge Document". militaryhub.com. http://cursor.org/venturawatch/general_info.htm. Retrieved 2012-01-16.
- ^ a b "Military People: Jesse Ventura". militaryhub.com. http://www.militaryhub.com/military-people.cfm?id=42. Retrieved 2011-07-15.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae "OWOW profile". http://www.onlineworldofwrestling.com/profiles/j/jesse-ventura.html.
- ^ a b Cohen, Daniel. Jesse Ventura. 2001. 21st Century. Page 26. Amazon.com. Retrieved December 21, 2011.
- ^ "Ancestry of Jesse Ventura". Wargs.com. http://www.wargs.com/political/ventura.html. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
- ^ April 1, 2008, in Larry King interview with Ventura on NBC
- ^ "Jesse "The Great Pretender" Ventura". San Diego Reader. http://www.sandiegoreader.com/news/1999/dec/02/jesse-great-pretender-ventura/. Retrieved 2011-12-02.
- ^ a b "Ventura discloses he didn't see combat in Vietnam War". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 2002-02-03. http://web.archive.org/web/20020203035901/http://www.startribune.com/stories/587/1130195.html. Retrieved 2010-06-13.
- ^ a b c "MPR: Battling Seals". News.minnesota.publicradio.org. 1999-12-14. http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/199912/14_kastem_seals/. Retrieved 2010-06-13.
- ^ Belluck, Pam (October 31, 1998). "THE 1998 CAMPAIGN: MINNESOTA; Candidates Are Neck, Neck and Neck in Governor's Race". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1998/10/31/us/the-1998-campaign-minnesota-candidates-are-neck-neck-and-neck-in-governor-s-race.html?pagewanted=1. Retrieved May 6, 2010.
- ^ a b "Ventura-Anderson transcript". Web.archive.org. 2001-04-05. Archived from the original on 2002-02-10. http://web.archive.org/web/20020210172032/http://www.startribune.com/st/qview.cgi?template=metro_a_cache&slug=text05&online_date=05-April-2001. Retrieved 2010-06-13.
- ^ "Jesse Ventura Hunting Remarks Draw Fire – ABC News". Abcnews.go.com. http://abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=93626&page=1. Retrieved 2010-06-13.
- ^ a b c Cohen, Daniel (2001). Jesse Ventura. LERNER PUBLISHING GROUP. pp. 30–32. ISBN 978-0-7613-1905-4. http://books.google.com/?id=e2UxwnHvNMAC&lpg=PT15&dq=jesse%20ventura%20mongols&pg=PT18#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 2010-12-12.
- ^ "OUTLAW GANGS: Northern Nevada eyes biker enmity". Reviewjournal.com. 2002-05-12. http://www.reviewjournal.com/lvrj_home/2002/May-12-Sun-2002/news/18724079.html. Retrieved 2010-06-13.
- ^ Labar, Justin (2010-05-14). "Complete Interview Transcript With Jesse Ventura". Wrestlezone.com. http://www.wrestlezone.com/news/181959-complete-interview-transcript-with-jesse-ventura. Retrieved 2010-06-13.
- ^ Jesse Ventura PBS
- ^ a b c d e f "Cagematch profile". http://www.cagematch.de/?id=2&nr=53.
- ^ a b "WWE profile". http://www.wwe.com/superstars/halloffame/inductees/jesseventura/.
- ^ "Jesse Ventura's Personal History". http://www.trinity.edu/rhuesca/article/rsjvph.htm. Retrieved 5 December 2011.
- ^ a b c John Molinaro, The Top 100 Pro Wrestlers of All Time, (Winding Stair Press: 2002), page 199
- ^ Milner, John M. (January 21, 2006). "Jesse Ventura's bio". SLAM! Wrestling. http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Wrestling/Bios/ventura_jesse.html. Retrieved 2009-06-26.
- ^ Jake Tapper, "Body Slam: The Jesse Ventura Story," pg. 104–105
- ^ a b Jesse Ventura, "I Ain't Got Time To Bleed pg. 108
- ^ "Ventura v. Titan Sports, Inc". Jollylager.com. http://www.jollylager.com/pub/caselaw/ventura.html. Retrieved 2010-06-13.
- ^ a b "Finishing Moves List". Other Arena. http://www.otherarena.com/nCo/finish/finish.html. Retrieved 2009-11-03.
- ^ "AWA World Tag Team Championship history". http://www.solie.org/titlehistories/ttawa.html.
- ^ "NWA World Tag Team Championship (Central States version) history". http://www.solie.org/titlehistories/csttnwa.html.
- ^ "AWA Southern Heavyweight Championship history". http://www.wrestling-titles.com/us/tn/cwa/awa-s-h.html.
- ^ "NWA Hawaii Tag Team Championship history". http://www.wrestling-titles.com/us/hi/hi-t.html.
- ^ "NWA Pacific Northwest Heavyweight Championship history". http://www.solie.org/titlehistories/pnwhtnwa.html.
- ^ "NWA Pacific Northwest Tag Team Championship history". http://www.solie.org/titlehistories/pnwttnwa.html.
- ^ Jake Tapper, "Body Slam: The Jesse Ventura Story," pg. 105–108
- ^ Carly Skorczewski (October 29, 1998 – Volume 11, Issue 5). "Mayor of Brooklyn Park, Jesse Ventura: Reform endorsed candidate". Morris.umn.edu. http://www.morris.umn.edu/register/article.php?volume=11&issue=5§ion=feature&index=2. Retrieved 2008-10-20. [dead link]
- ^ Howey, Brian (June 18, 2009). "Time to Take Over the Indiana Libertarian Party". http://www.howeypolitics.com/2009/06/18/brian-howey-time-to-take-over-the-indiana-libertarian-party/. Retrieved 2009-06-26. [dead link]
- ^ a b "MPR: Ventura begins final foreign journey as governor". News.minnesota.publicradio.org. http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/200209/25_khoom_cuba1/. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
- ^ Joseph P. Kahn (February 25, 2004). "The Body politic – The Boston Globe". Boston.com. http://www.boston.com/news/globe/living/articles/2004/02/25/the_body_politic/. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
- ^ "Ventura May Leave Office Early – Political Wire". Politicalwire.com. http://politicalwire.com/archives/2002/10/21/ventura_may_leave_office_early.html. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
- ^ Ventura, Jesse (2000). Ain't Got Time to Bleed. Signet. pp. 13–14. ISBN 0-451-20086-1.
- ^ "Minnesota Legislative Reference Library: Bills Vetoed by Governors and Override Attempts, 1939–present". Minnesota Legislative Reference Library www.leg.state.mn.us/LRL. http://www.leg.state.mn.us/LRL/Vetoes/Vetohist.asp. Retrieved 2009-05-09. [dead link]
- ^ "freedomforum.org: Minnesota governor vetoes Pledge of Allegiance requirement". Freedomforum.org. http://www.freedomforum.org/templates/document.asp?documentID=16297. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
- ^ "National Governors Association". http://www.nga.org.+01-nov-08. http://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.29fab9fb4add37305ddcbeeb501010a0/?vgnextoid=d676ae3effb81010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD&vgnextchannel=e449a0ca9e3f1010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD. Retrieved 2010-09-03. [dead link]
- ^ "The body on the hulk – The Howard Stern Show". Howardstern.com. 2009-05-19. http://www.howardstern.com/rundown.hs?d=1242705600#14047. Retrieved 2010-06-13. [dead link]
- ^ Ferrero, Susan (May 7, 2001). "CANNABIS CONTROVERSY Medical use of marijuana pits politicians against scientists with patients caught in the middle". New York Daily News. http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/lifestyle/2001/05/07/2001-05-07_cannabis_controversy_medical.html. Retrieved 2010-03-01. [dead link]
- ^ Ventura, Jesse (2008). Don't start the revolution without me!. Skyhorse Publishing Inc.. pp. 143–160. ISBN 1-60239-273-0.
- ^ "Jesse Ventura on Principles & Values". http://www.ontheissues.org. http://www.ontheissues.org/Celeb/Jesse_Ventura_Principles_+_Values.htm. Retrieved 19 May 2012.
- ^ "Jesse Ventura: US should abolish inherently corrupt political parties". rawstory.com. http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2010/10/13/jesse-ventura-abolish-inherently-corrupt-political-parties/. Retrieved 2011-07-27.
- ^ "Ventura May Tap Independent to Wellstone's Seat; Mondale Officially in for Dems". Foxnews.com. October 31, 2002. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,67075,00.html. Retrieved 2008-10-20. [dead link]
- ^ "Honor & Civility, RIP". Weeklystandard.com. http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/001/830clrob.asp. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
- ^ "VENTURA: I WON'T APPOINT DEMOCRAT – United Press International | HighBeam Research – FREE trial". Highbeam.com. 2002-11-01. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-69252006.html. Retrieved 2010-06-13. [dead link]
- ^ "National Briefing | Midwest: Minnesota: Governor Shuts Mansion – New York Times". Query.nytimes.com. May 1, 2002. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9903E6D71431F932A35756C0A9649C8B63. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
- ^ In Re Proposed Petition to Recall Governor Jesse Ventura http://wrestlingperspective.com/legal/ventura.html
- ^ Lynda McConnell, Special to Stateline.org. "Provocative Press Pass Miffs Minnesota Media". Stateline.org. http://www.stateline.org/live/ViewPage.action?siteNodeId=136&languageId=1&contentId=14279. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
- ^ "Current.org | Keillor v. Ventura". Current.org. Archived from the original on 2008-07-15. http://web.archive.org/web/20080715070632/http://www.current.org/people/peop908g.html. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
- ^ "Gov. Ventura Stumbles – New York Times". Query.nytimes.com. Published: February 26, 1999. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B07E3DD173CF935A15751C0A96F958260&n=Top/Reference/Times%20Topics/People/V/Ventura,%20Jesse. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
- ^ Jesse Ventura Running For The Senate?![dead link], YouTube
- ^ Falcone, Michael (2008-07-14). "Ventura Decides Against Senate Run". The Caucus (New York Times). http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/07/14/ventura-decides-against-senate-run/. Retrieved 2008-07-14.
- ^ "Jesse Ventura on Principles & Values". http://www.ontheissues.org. http://www.ontheissues.org/Celeb/Jesse_Ventura_Principles_+_Values.htm. Retrieved 23 February 2012.
- ^ Barr, Andy. "Jesse Ventura wants to be Ron Paul's 2012 running mate". Politico. http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0411/52516.html. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
- ^ Emily Gurnon (November 4, 2011). "Angry Jesse Ventura thinking about presidential run". TwinCities.com. http://www.twincities.com/news/ci_19265340?source=rss.
- ^ "Former Minn. Gov. Ventura, miffed by court setback, says he’ll seek Mexican citizenship". The Washington Post. November 5, 2011. http://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/travel/former-minn-gov-ventura-miffed-by-court-setback-says-hell-seek-mexican-citizenship/2011/11/04/gIQATmvwmM_story.html. [dead link]
- ^ Epstein, Reid J.. "Gary Johnson eyes Libertarians, who eye Ventura". http://www.politico.com. http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1111/69398.html. Retrieved 26 February 2012.
- ^ David Gewirtz (November 8, 2011). "Is there any possible way Jesse Ventura could win the Presidency?". ZDNet. http://www.zdnet.com/blog/government/is-there-any-possible-way-jesse-ventura-could-win-the-presidency/10980?pg=2.
- ^ Jesse Ventura Endorsement of Ron Paul, December 29, 2011
- ^ Woodshop (2010) - Release dates
- ^ "DiC Shows". Web.archive.org. 2004-04-01. Archived from the original on 2004-04-01. http://web.archive.org/web/20040401135740/http://www.dicentertainment.com/dic_shows.html#MShows. Retrieved 2011-12-02.
- ^ The WrestleCrap Book of Lists! By R. D. Reynolds, Blade Braxton, page 310
- ^ "Tag Team - the lost pilot episode starring Roddy Piper and Jesse Ventura!". I-Mockery.com. http://www.i-mockery.com/minimocks/tag-team/. Retrieved 2011-12-02.
- ^ "MPR: Ventura – the year in review". News.minnesota.publicradio.org. http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/200201/28_khoom_jessereview/. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
- ^ Sheppard, Noel. "Jesse Ventura: MSNBC Canceled My Show For Opposing Iraq War Read more: http://newsbusters.org/blogs/noel-sheppard/2009/11/29/jesse-ventura-msnbc-canceled-my-show-opposing-iraq-war#ixzz1lvRGDr3T". http://newsbusters.org. http://newsbusters.org/blogs/noel-sheppard/2009/11/29/jesse-ventura-msnbc-canceled-my-show-opposing-iraq-war. Retrieved 9 February 2012.
- ^ "MPR: Speechless no more, Ventura stumps for Kerry at colleges". News.minnesota.publicradio.org. http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/2004/10/28_mccalluml_venturakerry/. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
- ^ Jesse Ventura (2009-05-15). [books.google.co.nz/books?id=p4Rd1yXBGWIC&pg=PA137 Don't Start the Revolution Without Me!]. p. 137. ISBN 1-60239-716-3. books.google.co.nz/books?id=p4Rd1yXBGWIC&pg=PA137.
- ^ "Army News, benefits, careers, entertainment, photos, promotions – Army Times HOME". Armytimes.com. http://www.armytimes.com/story.php?f=1-ARMYPAPER-323322.php. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
- ^ "BetUs Events". Web.archive.org. 2007-10-15. Archived from the original on 2007-10-15. http://web.archive.org/web/20071015075304/http://www.betus.com/site-siteJesseVideo.asp. Retrieved 2010-06-13.
- ^ Jesse Ventura: You Give Me a Water Board, Dick Cheney and One Hour, and I'll Have Him Confess to the Sharon Tate Murders, CrooksAndLiars.com
- ^ a b Jesse Ventura: You Give Me a Water Board, Dick Cheney and One Hour, and I'll Have Him Confess to the Sharon Tate Murders, CrooksAndLiars.com
- ^ heathr456. "Jesse Ventura: You Give Me a Water Board, Dick Cheney and One Hour". YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zoqmH49VBC0. Retrieved 2011-12-02.
- ^ "Jesse Ventura on Larry King 5-11-09, Part 1". YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ujv-x6wGoGA. Retrieved 2010-06-13. [dead link]
- ^ a b c Stein, Sam (May 18, 2009). "''Ventura And Hasselbeck Rumble Over Waterboarding On The View''". Huffingtonpost.com. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/05/18/ventura-and-hasselbeck-de_n_204774.html. Retrieved 2010-06-13.
- ^ Linkins, Jason (May 20, 2009). "Jesse Ventura Lays Waste To Fox And Friends". Huffingtonpost.com. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/05/20/jesse-ventura-lays-waste_n_205962.html. Retrieved 2010-06-13.
- ^ Jesse The Body Sounds Off[dead link], howardstern.com, May 21, 2008
- ^ a b Ventura says he regrets initial acceptance of 9/11 explanations, Associated Press, April 3, 2008
- ^ Watson, Paul Joseph. Former Governor Jesse Ventura: WTC Collapse A Controlled Demolition, www.prisonplanet.com. Retrieved April 3, 2008.
- ^ Ventura Regrets Not Being More Skeptical Over 9/11[dead link]. Retrieved on April 8, 2008.
- ^ Buoen, Roger (April 3, 2008). "Ventura wrestles with what really happened on 9/11". Minnesota Post. http://www.minnpost.com/politicalagenda/2008/04/03/1390/ventura_wrestles_with_what_really_happened_on_911. Retrieved May 23, 2009.
- ^ Linkins, Jason (May 19, 2009). "Jesse Ventura, Hannity Go Head-To-Head". Huffingtonpost.com. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/05/19/jesse-ventura-gets-in-the_n_205146.html. Retrieved 2010-06-13.
- ^ "Jesse Ventura Working On Conspiracy Theory Series For truTV". Huffingtonpost.com. September 30, 2008. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2008/09/30/jesse-ventura-working-on_n_130477.html. Retrieved 2010-06-13.
- ^ "TruTv:Conspiracy Theory with Jesse Ventura", www.turner.com. Retrieved on November 4, 2009.
- ^ "Conspiracy Theory with Jesse Ventura Delivers 1.6 Million Viewers, truTV's Biggest Audience Ever for a New Series Launch". TVbytheNumbers.com. 2009-12-03. http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2009/12/03/conspiracy-theory-with-jesse-ventura-delivers-1-6-million-viewers-trutv%E2%80%99s-biggest-audience-ever-for-a-new-series-launch/35201/. Retrieved 2011-04-01.
- ^ Conspiracy Theory with Jesse Ventura Second Season episode list, TruTv.com
- ^ "truTV's Hit Series "Conspiracy Theory with Jesse Ventura" Hits the Road for Third Season of Truth-Seeking and Myth-Debunking Read more: Breaking News - truTV's Hit Series "Conspiracy Theory with Jesse Ventura" Hits the Road for Third Season of Truth-Seeking and Myth-Debunking". The Futon Critic. http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2011/09/19/trutvs-hit-series-conspiracy-theory-with-jesse-ventura-hits-the-road-for-third-season-of-truth-seeking-and-myth-debunking-980404/20110919trutv01/. Retrieved 27 September 2011.
- ^ Freed, Joshua."Ventura:No Plans to Run Again, but...", Associated Press. Retrieved April 1, 2008.
- ^ Jesse's back! New Ventura book 'Revolution' will cover political waterfront, MinnPost.com
- ^ Harper, Jennifer. "Inside the Beltway: Bipartisan gangland". http://www.washingtontimes.com. http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/may/14/inside-the-beltway-bipartisan-gangland/. Retrieved 24 May 2012.
- ^ Hunter, Marnie (September 27, 2000). "Jesse Ventura slams TSA with lawsuit". CNN. http://articles.cnn.com/2011-01-25/travel/jesse.ventura.tsa.lawsuit_1_pat-downs-and-full-body-tsa-lawsuit?_s=PM:TRAVEL. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
- ^ "'I've had enough of the Fascist States of America': Former Governor's fury at TSA as he says he's leaving for Mexico... but may still run for President". http://www.dailymail.co.uk. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2057955/Jesse-Ventura-says-hes-fed-airport-security-hes-getting-Mexican-citizenship.html. Retrieved 21 February 2012.
- ^ "Former Minn. Gov. Ventura, miffed by court setback, says he’ll seek Mexican citizenship". http://www.washingtonpost.com. http://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/travel/former-minn-gov-ventura-miffed-by-court-setback-says-hell-seek-mexican-citizenship/2011/11/04/gIQATmvwmM_story.html. Retrieved 6 November 2011. [dead link]
- ^ "Jesse Ventura on Principles & Values". Ontheissues.org. http://www.ontheissues.org/Celeb/Jesse_Ventura_Principles_+_Values.htm. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
- ^ "Jesse "The Great Pretender" Ventura". San Diego Reader. http://www.sandiegoreader.com/news/1999/dec/02/jesse-great-pretender-ventura/. Retrieved 2010-06-13.
- ^ a b "Ventura brushes off criticism of SEAL training". http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=EYkxAAAAIBAJ&sjid=nKMFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4203,170203. Retrieved 2011-12-02.
- ^ Huff, Richard. "Jesse Ventura walks off 'Opie & Anthony' show after verbal mud fest with Jim Norton". December 3, 2009 (New York: NY Daily News). http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv/2009/12/03/2009-12-03_jesse_ventura_walks_off.html. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
- ^ Gerweck, Steve. "Jesse Ventura pulled over for tailgating". http://www.gerweck.net. http://www.gerweck.net/2011/12/20/jesse-ventura-pulled-over-for-tailgating/. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
- ^ "Ventura Says Story About Being Pulled Over in California is Not True". http://kstp.com. http://kstp.com/article/stories/s2430476.shtml. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
- ^ Giri, Raj. "Correction On Jesse Ventura Tailgating Story". http://www.wrestlinginc.com. http://www.wrestlinginc.com/wi/news/2011/1221/547844/jesse-ventura/. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
- ^ Webb, Chad. "Jesse Ventura Has Lawyers Threatening Lawsuit Against TMZ Over Recent News Article". http://www.411mania.com. http://www.411mania.com/wrestling/news/215908. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
- ^ Buiso, Gary (January 3, 2012). "Meet the big shot SEAL is America’s deadliest sniper". http://www.nypost.com. http://www.nypost.com/p/news/national/meet_the_big_shot_BxlVpxzQijkC9mwZcmwkrN?utm_source=SFnewyorkpost&utm_medium=SFnewyorkpost. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
- ^ Vezner, Tad. "Ventura sues over author's claim that he "laid him out"". http://www.twincities.com. http://www.twincities.com/localnews/ci_20039344. Retrieved 24 May 2012.
- ^ Zennie, Michael (January 6, 2012). "America's deadliest sniper killed 255 Iraqi 'savages' to protect his friends... but he punched out Jesse Ventura because he 'bad-mouthed the troops'". London: http://www.dailymail.co.uk. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2083235/Americas-deadliest-sniper-killed-255-Iraqi-savages-protect-friends--punched-Jesse-Ventura-bad-mouthed-troops.html. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
- ^ Watson, Paul Joseph. "Ventura: Navy SEAL ‘Punch’ Hoax May be Retribution For Supporting Ron Paul". www.infowars.com. http://www.infowars.com/ventura-navy-seal-punch-hoax-may-be-retribution-for-supporting-ron-paul/. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
- ^ Mike, Opelka. "RADIO HOST CONFRONTS SEAL SNIPER OVER VENTURA BAR BRAWL STORY…AND REVEALS ‘PSY-OPS’ THEORY". http://www.theblaze.com. http://www.theblaze.com/stories/radio-host-confronts-seal-sniper-over-ventura-bar-brawl-story-and-reveals-psy-ops-theory/. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
- ^ Browning, Dan. "Jesse Ventura aims to get even with Navy SEAL in court Jesse Ventura aims to get even with Navy SEAL in court". http://www.startribune.com. http://www.startribune.com/local/140362163.html. Retrieved 27 February 2012.
- ^ Opelka, Mike. "Navy SEAL Smackdown? Jesse Ventura Denies Sniper's Story". http://www.theblaze.com/stories/navy-seal-smackdown-jesse-ventura-denies-snipers-story/. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
- ^ a b "Last CallFor Gov. Jesse Ventura—and His Fun-Loving Son Tyrel—the Party Is Over". People. Vol. 58 No. 2 July 8, 2002
- ^ Justin, Neal. "Jesse Ventura hires a familiar face". Star Tribune. September 19, 2011
- ^ "Meet the Team". Conspiracy Theory with Jesse Ventura. TruTV. Retrieved December 21, 2011.
- ^ "Jesse Ventura Calls for Revolution of Political Parties". Transcript of Larry King Live. April 1, 2008. CNN. Retrieved December 21, 2011.
- ^ "This Week In FDA History". Fda.gov. http://www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/WhatWeDo/History/ThisWeek/ucm117728.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-06.
- ^ "Ventura hospitalized with blood clot in lung". CNN. July 9, 2002. http://archives.cnn.com/2002/ALLPOLITICS/07/09/ventura/index.html. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
- ^ "The Religious Affiliation of Jesse Ventura Professional Wrestler and Governor of Minnesota". http://www.adherents.com/people/pv/Jesse_Ventura.html. Retrieved 22 March 2012.
- ^ "Religion News". Pewforum.org. http://pewforum.org/news/display.php?ewsID=1402. Retrieved 2008-10-20. [dead link]
- ^ Jo Napolitano (Nyt) (Published: August 2, 2002). "National Briefing | Midwest: Minnesota: Christians One Up On Ventura – New York Times". Query.nytimes.com. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9907E7DF1F3BF931A3575BC0A9649C8B63. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
References[link]
- deFiebre, Conrad. "Record-high job approval for Ventura; Many Minnesotans like his style, don't mind moonlighting." Star Tribune 22 July 1999: 1A+.
- deFiebre, Conrad. "Using body language, Ventura backs Kerry." Star Tribune 23 October 2004: 1A+.
- Kahn, Joseph P. "The Body Politic." The Boston Globe 25 February 2004. Accessed April 28, 2004.
- Olson, Rochelle and Bob von Sternberg. "GOP demands equal time; Wellstone aide apologizes; Ventura upset." Minneapolis Star-Tribune 31 October 2002: 1A+.
External links[link]
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Biography portal |
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Minnesota portal |
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Professional wrestling portal |
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United States Navy portal |
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Politics portal |
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Jesse Ventura |
- WWE Hall of Fame Profile
- Jesse Ventura at the Internet Movie Database
- Jesse Ventura's America at the Internet Movie Database
- Ventura "on the issues"
- Analysis of Jesse Ventura's Playboy interview by Aubrey Immelman
- Jesse Ventura – Media Man Australia profile
- Election Of Bonapartist Figure Ventura In Minnesota Is Danger To Working People – article in The Militant 1998.
- Radiotapes.com Recordings of Jesse Ventura for Governor commercials from 1998 (scroll down to Misc Recordings).
- Larry King Live: Jesse Ventura[dead link] CNN April 1, 2008
- "Jesse's back! New Ventura book 'Revolution' will cover political waterfront" from Minnpost.com
- The Jesse Ventura Forums[dead link]
- Jesse Ventura on Wrestling-Radio.com
- Jesse Ventura interview, Diaday.com[dead link]
- Jesse Ventura on The Young Turks Show.
- Jesse Ventura's Official Facebook Account
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Arne Carlson |
Governor of Minnesota 1999–2003 |
Succeeded by Tim Pawlenty |
| Party political offices | ||
| Preceded by First nominee |
Reform Party nominee for Governor of Minnesota 1998 |
Succeeded by Tim Penny (Independence Party) |
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