Doktor nauk (Russian: доктор наук, literally translated as "Doctor of Sciences") is a higher doctoral degree, the second and the highest post-graduate academic degree in the Soviet Union, Russia and in many post-Soviet states. Sometimes referred to as Dr. Hab. The prerequisite is the first degree, Kandidat nauk (Russian: кандидат наук, lit. "candidate of sciences") which is informally regarded equivalent to Ph.D. degree ^[1]. Both Doktor and Kandidat must meet nation-wide standards enforced by the Russian federal government.

Doktor Nauk is conferred by the federal government agency, the Higher Attestation Commission (Russian: Высшая аттестационная комиссия, abbreviated Russian: ВАК, VAK), on the solicitation by the Specialized Dissertation Committee where the doctoral candidate had defended his/her research work. Such committees are created in academic institutions with established research record and are accredited by VAK.^[2] The total number of committee members is typically about 20, all holding the Doktor Nauk degree. The area of research specialization of at least five committee members must match the profile of the materials submitted by the doctoral candidate for the consideration. The candidate must conduct independent research. Therefore, no academic supervisor is required; moreover, typically the candidate is an established scholar him/herself, supervising a few Ph.D. students while working towards his/her Doktor Nauk. However, it is normal practice when an experienced consultant is appointed to help the scholar with identifying the research problem and finding the approach to solving it; yet this is not technically regarded a supervision.

The procedures of conferring of both Kandidat and Doktor academic degrees are more formal and different from conferring a Ph.D. degree in Western universities. In particular, for the Doktor, the academic institution, where the scholar is affiliated as a doctoral candidate, must conduct a preliminary review of the research results and personal contribution made by the candidate and, depending on findings, elect whether to render formal support or not. By definition, this highly prestigious degree can be conferred only for a significant contribution to science and/or technology based on a public defense of a thesis, monograph, or (in rare cases) of a set of outstanding publications in referreed journals. The defense must be held at the session of a Specialized Dissertation Committee accredited by VAK. Prior to the defense, three referees holding Doktor Nauk degrees themselves (the so-called "official opponents"), must submit their written motivated assessments of the thesis. One more similar assessment is to be provided by some university or academic institution, working in the same field of science or technology, and in addition several other reviewers must mail their conclusions made based on a thesis summary (usually a 32 page brochure).

In the former USSR, this degree is considered sufficient credential for tenured full professorship at any institution of higher learning. Unless an academic holds a Doktor Nauk, she/he can make it to a full professor only through 15 years or more of outstanding teaching service on the university level. At least one published and widely accepted textbook and the degree of Kandidat Nauk are required in the latter case, anyway. A Doktor Nauk degree holder can become a tenured full professor after just one year of teaching experience in a non-tenured faculty position.

The Doktor Nauk thus has no academic equivalent in North America, as it is a post-doctoral degree. The German Habilitation and, to some extent, the French "habilitation à diriger des recherches" (HDR) are comparable to it, as are the British higher doctorates (e.g. Doctor of Science), although the last-mentioned are not required for career advancement. On the average, only 10 per cent of Kandidats eventually earn a Doktor degree. Although some exceptionally talented researchers in Mathematics do earn Doktor Nauk in their late 20s, the average age of the scholars reaching Doktor in most disciplines is about 50; this implicitly indicates the amount of contribution that must be made.

According to "Guidelines for the recognition of Russian qualifications in the other countries" In countries with a two-tier system of doctoral degrees, the degree of Doktor Nauk should be considered for recognition at the level of the second doctoral degree. In countries in which only one doctoral degree exists, the degree of Doktor Nauk should be considered for recognition at the level of this degree.

According to par.262 International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) UNESCO 2011, for purposes of international educational statistics 1. PhD is equivalent to Kandidat Nauk, 2. DPhil to Doktor Nauk/Philosophy, 3. D.Lit to Doktor Nauk in Literature, 4. D.Sc to Doktor Nauk of Natural Science, 5. LL.D to Doktor Nauk of Legal Science.

See also[link]

• Education in Russia
• Habilitation
• Academic degree

References[link]

1. ^ Educational Records Evaluation Service
2. ^ NIC ARaM of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2008)

Kenan Doğulu
Kenan Doğulu in the Eurovision Song Contest 2007
Background information
Born	(1974-05-31) May 31, 1974 (age 38)
Origin	Istanbul, Turkey
Genres	Pop, urban, soul, R&B, jazz
Website	http://www.kenandogulu.com.tr/

Kenan Doğulu (born 31 May 1974 in Cihangir, Beyoğlu, Istanbul) is a Turkish pop musician. He represented Turkey at the Eurovision Song Contest 2007 in Helsinki, where he placed fourth, with 163 points.

Early years[link]

He is second son of Yurdaer Doğulu (1941–1987). His father was also a musician and released 4 LPs and 30 45rpms. At the early age of five, he enrolled into the piano class of the School of Music with the highest scores. Having completed six years of education in the piano class, he started flute classes from Erkan Alpay, his instructor, and continued with guitar classes from Erdem Sökmen with the establishment of the class. In the mean time he continued his education in drama and rhythmic instruments, and he carried on singing as a soloist in the children's chorus. Later, he successfully graduated from Kültür Koleji and completed the Communications certificate program at Hesser College.

Rise[link]

His first album, Yaparım Bilirsin was released in August 1993. 93 concerts held that year was a considerable achievement in Turkey. His second album Sımsıkı Sıkı Sıkı was released in December 1994 and achieved an unbelievable success with 175 live performances of the singer that year. The album Kenan Doğulu 3 which was launched in the music shops in August 1996 achieved great appreciation of his fans.

Decennial March, a symbol of the Republic of Turkey, was arranged and presented by Kenan Doğulu to contemporary Turkey and Turkish people on October 29, 1997, the Republic Day. The maxi single Kenan Doğulu 3.5 including the mentioned arrangement of the Decennial March was released in 1997. He has contributed to a great extent in making the Republic March put on the agenda, become popular and to be embedded in children's and youth's minds again. Within the celebration programmes of the 75th anniversary of the Republic of Turkey in 1998, he also successfully accomplished a Republic Road Show starting in Bursa, followed by Antalya, İstanbul, Ankara, İskenderun, Samsun, Selçuk and ended in İzmir.

In 1999, inspired by the great attention of the Turkish people on the rearrangement of the Decennial March, the artist released a new album with the rearrangement of the Youth March in the memory of Atatürk, the founder of the Republic of Turkey. He believes these works play an important role in conveying the spirit of nationalism to younger generations. The new album Ben Senin Herşeyinim was released the same year. Keeping silent for two years, he fulfilled the expectations of his fans with his album Ex Aşkım which became a hit in 2001. In 2002 Kenan Doğulu 5.5, the unplugged version of Ex Aşkım was released and it reached mass audiences gaining as much appreciation as Ex Aşkım. He addressed his fans again in 2003 with a brand new album Demedi Deme. In the summer of 2006, Doğulu released the album Festival, containing the hit single Çakkıdı,^[1] in collaboration with Sezen Aksu.

He represented Turkey at the 2007 Eurovision Song Contest in Helsinki with Shake It Up Şekerim. Owing to his third position in the semifinal, he passed to the final where he placed fourth with 163 points.

He is planning to release a "best of" album, which will include the most popular songs from his previous albums.

Group members[link]

• Kenan Doğulu (Lead vocal)
• Ozan Dogulu (Keyboards)
• Tahsin Endersoy (Electronic guitar)
• Hami Barutçu (Bass guitar)
• Tarik Sezer (Keyboards)
• Murat Yeter (Drums)
• Aydin Karabulut (Percussion)
• Murat Cekem (Guitar, Back Vocal)
• Toygun Sözen (Saxophone, Back Vocal)
• Duygu Soylu (Back Vocal)
• Sinem Yalçınkaya (Back Vocal)

Discography[link]

Studio albums[link]

|-

Remix albums[link]

Cem Yılmaz (born 23 April 1973 in Istanbul, Turkey) is a Turkish stand-up comedian, actor and filmmaker and cartoonist, best known for his films G.O.R.A. (2004), A.R.O.G (2008) and Yahşi Batı (2010), who has won two Sadri Alışık awards for his roles in Organize İşler (2005) and The Magician (2006).

Biography[link]

While studying at the Department of Tourism and Hotel Management of Boğaziçi University, he started drawing comics for the Turkish humor magazine Leman. In August 1995 he did his first stand-up comedy show in "Leman Culture Center" performing with no serious career intentions as a comedian. However, after the positive response of the audience, he continued his show to attract larger crowds in Beşiktaş Cultural Center where he has appeared in over a thousand stand-up comedy shows since, becoming so popular that tickets have sold for 250TL (approx. US$140). His movie career started in 1998 with a co-starring role in the comedy Everything's Gonna Be Great (1999), directed by Ömer Vargı, and continued with a role in Vizontele (2001), directed by Yılmaz Erdoğan and Ömer Faruk Sorak. He achieved his greatest success by starring in and writing big-budget science-fiction parody G.O.R.A. (2004), also directed by Ömer Faruk Sorak, which despite spending several years in production because of financial and other technical problems became a box-office hit and, according to Rekin Teksoy, "showed that popular cinema was successful in appealing to wide audiences".^[2] He followed this success with a starring role in the comedy Organize İşler (2005), also directed by Yılmaz Erdoğan, for which he won Best Supporting Actor at the 11th Sadri Alışık Awards, and his directorial debut with The Magician (2006), co-directed by Ali Taner Baltacı, for which he won Best Actor at the 34th Brussels International Independent Film Festival and 12th Sadri Alışık Awards. He has since repeated his box office success with a sequel to G.O.R.A. called A.R.O.G (2008), also co-directed by Ali Taner Baltacı, and comedy Western parody called Yahşi Batı (2010), directed by Ömer Faruk Sorak. That same year, he co-starred, alongside veteran actor Şener Şen, in the police drama Hunting Season (2010), written and directed by Yavuz Turgul, and made a special appearance in drama Zephyr (2010), written and directed by Belma Baş.

Filmography[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Cem Yılmaz at the Internet Movie Database
• Cem Yılmaz's official website
• Turkish Cem Yılmaz's Biography

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