Nagpur
The Orange City
—  capital  —
The Zero Mile Stone, landmark denoting geographical center of India
Nagpur Location of Nagpur in Maharashtra and India
Coordinates	21°04′N 79°16′E / 21.07°N 79.27°E / 21.07; 79.27Coordinates: 21°04′N 79°16′E / 21.07°N 79.27°E / 21.07; 79.27
Country	India
Region	Vidarbha
State	Maharashtra
District(s)	Nagpur
Founded	1702 A.D[1]
Mayor	Anil Sole
Municipal Commissioner	Sanjeev Jaiswal[2]
Police Commissioner	Dr. Ankush Dhanvijay[3]
Population • Density • Metro	2,405,421[4] (2011[update]) • 11,034 /km2 (28,578 /sq mi) • 2,583,911[5]
Official languages	Marathi
Time zone	IST (UTC+05:30)
Area • Metro • Elevation	218 km2 (84 sq mi) • 3,577 square kilometres (1,381 sq mi) • 310 metres (1,020 ft)
Codes • Pincode • 440xxx • Telephone • +91-712 • Vehicle • MH-31 (Nagpur Urban), * MH-40 (Nagpur Rural)
Website	www.nagpur.nic.in
Seal of Nagpur

Nāgpur ( pronunciation (help·info) English: Nagpore) is a city and winter capital of the state of Maharashtra, the largest city in central India and third largest city in Maharashtra after Mumbai and Pune. With a population of 2,405,421^[4] (2011) Nagpur Metropolitan Area is the 13th largest urban conglomeration in India. It has also recently been ranked as the cleanest city and the second greenest city of India after Bangalore.^[6] In addition to being the seat of annual winter session of Maharashtra state assembly "Vidhan Sabha", [Nagpur] is also a major commercial and political center of the Vidarbha region of [Maharashtra], and is also famous throughout the country as "Orange City" for being a major trade center of oranges that are cultivated in the region.^[7] In addition, the city also derives political importance from being the headquarters for the Hindu nationalist organisation RSS and an important location for the Dalit Buddhist movement.

Nagpur lies precisely at the center of the country with the Zero Mile Marker indicating the geographical center of India.^[8] The city was founded by the Gonds but later became part of the Maratha Empire under the Bhonsles. The British East India Company took over Nagpur in the 19th century and made it the capital of the Central Provinces and Berar. After the first reorganisation of states, the city lost its capital status but according to the informal "Nagpur Pact" between political leaders it was made the second capital of Maharashtra. Nagpur is also declared, "Tiger Capital of India^[9][10] " as it connects many Tiger Reserves in India to the world.

Etymology[link]

Nag River provides the etymology to the name 'Nagpur' according to a theory

The Nag River, a tributary of the Kanhan River, flows in a serpentine path and is therefore named "Nag", the Marathi word for Cobra. And hence, the river and city is named as Nagpur. While others says that the river flows through the old city of Nagpur and hence the city is named after this river. "Pur" is common suffix given to cities, villages and towns across India, and is often simply translated "city".^[11] The seal of Nagpur Municipal Corporation depicts a cobra in the water of a river.

History[link]

Map of Nagpur district with major towns and rivers.

Human existence around present day Nagpur city can be traced back 3000 years to 8th century BC. Mehir burial sites at Drugdhamna (near Mhada colony) indicate megalithic culture existed around Nagpur and is still followed in present times.^[12] The first reference to the name Nagpur is found in a 10th century copper-plate inscription discovered at Devali in the neighbouring Wardha district. The inscription is a record of grant of a village situated in the visaya (district) of Nagpura-Nandivardhana during time of Rastrakuta king Krsna III in the Saka year 862 (940 CE).^[13] Towards the end of third century King Vakataka dynasty#Vindhyasakti is known to have ruled the Nagpur region. In the 4th century Vakataka Dynasty ruled over the Nagpur region and surrounding areas and had good relations with the Gupta Empire. The Vakataka king Prithvisena I moved his capital to Nagardhan (ancient name Nandivardhana), located at 28 kilometres (17 mi) from Nagpur.^[14] After the Vakatakas, the region came under the rule of the Hindu kingdoms of the Badami Chalukyas, the Rashtrakutas, and finally the Yadavas. In AD 1296 Allauddin Khilji invaded the Yadava Kingdom after capturing Deogiri, after which the Tughlaq Dynasty came to power in 1317. In the 17th century, the Mughal Empire conquered the region; however, regional administration was carried out by the Gond kingdom of Deogarh-Nagpur in the Chhindwara district of the modern-day state of Madhya Pradesh.

Recent history ascribes the founding of Nagpur to Bakht Buland, a prince of the kingdom of Deogarh-Nagpur. The next Raja of Deogarh was Chand Sultan, who resided principally in the country below the hills, fixing his capital at Nagpur which he made a walled town. On Chand Sultan's death in 1739, Wali Shah, an illegitimate son of Bakht Buland, usurped the throne and Chand Sultan's widow invoked the aid of the Maratha leader Raghuji Bhonsle of Berar in the interest of her sons Akbar Shah and Burhan Shah. The usurper was put to death and the rightful heirs placed on the throne. After 1743, a series of Maratha rulers came to power, starting with Raghoji Bhonsle, who conquered the territories of Deogarh, Chanda and Chhattisgarh by 1751.

In 1803 Raghoji II joined the [Peshwas] against the [British] in the Second Anglo-Maratha War, but the British prevailed. After Raghoji II's death in 1816, his son Parsaji was deposed and murdered by Mudhoji II. Despite the fact that he had entered into a treaty with the British in the same year, Mudhoji joined the Peshwa in the Third Anglo-Maratha War in 1817 against the British, but suffered a defeat at Sitabuldi in present-day Nagpur city. The fierce battle was a turning point as it laid the foundations of the downfall of the Bhonsles and paved the way for the British acquisition of Nagpur city.^[15] Mudhoji was deposed after a temporary restoration to the throne, after which the British placed Raghoji III the grandchild of Raghoji II, on the throne. During the rule of Raghoji III (which lasted till 1840), the region was administered by a British resident. In 1853, the British took control of Nagpur after Raghoji III died without leaving an heir.

From 1853 to 1861, the Nagpur Province (which consisted of the present Nagpur region, Chhindwara, and Chhatisgarh) became part of the Central Provinces and Berar and came under the administration of a commissioner under the British central government, with Nagpur as its capital. Berar was added in 1903. Tata group started the country's first textile mill at Nagpur,^[16] formally known as Central India Spinning and Weaving Company Ltd. The company was popularly known as "Empress Mills" as it was inaugurated on 1 January 1877, the day queen Victoria was proclaimed Empress of India.

The Non-cooperation movement was launched in the Nagpur session of 1920. The city witnessed a Hindu–Muslim riot in 1923 which had profound impact on K. B. Hedgewar,^[17] who in 1925 founded the RSS, a Hindu nationalist organisation in Nagpur with an idea of creating a Hindu nation. After the 1927 Nagpur riots RSS gained further popularity in Nagpur and the organisation grew nationwide.

After Indian Independence in 1947, Central Provinces and Berar became a province of India, and in 1950 became the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, again with Nagpur as its capital. However when the Indian states were reorganised along linguistic lines in 1956, the Nagpur region and Berar were transferred to Bombay state, which in 1960 was split between the states of Maharashtra and Gujarat. At a formal public ceremony on 14 October 1956 in Nagpur B. R. Ambedkar along with his supporters converted to Buddhism starting Dalit Buddhist movement which is still active. In 1994, the city witnessed its most violent day in modern times in form of Gowari stampede deaths. Nagpur is a city with great capabilities to grow and Prosper in the coming days. It is very important for State and Central Governments to contribute in the growth, Development, Prosperity of Nagpur. Nagpur completed 300 years of establishment in the year 2002. A big celebration was organised to mark the event.
Also see: Nagpur state

Geography and climate[link]

Geography[link]

Sonegaon lake is a man-made lake

Nagpur lies on the Deccan plateau of the Indian Peninsula and has a mean altitude of 310.5 meters above sea level.^[18] The underlying rock strata are covered with alluvial deposits resulting from the flood plain of the Kanhan River. In some places these give rise to granular sandy soil. In low lying areas which are poorly drained, the soil is alluvial clay with poor permeability characteristics. In the eastern part of city crystalline metamorphic rocks such as gneiss, schist and granites are found, while in the northern part yellowish sand stones and clays of the lower Gondwana formations are found.^[19]

Nagpur city is dotted with natural and man-made lakes with Ambazari lake being the largest. Other natural lakes include Gorewada Lake and Telangkhedi lake. Sonegaon lake and Gandhisagar lake are man-made lakes created by the city's historical rulers. Nag river, Pilli nadi along with nallas form the natural drainage pattern for the city.^[20][21] Nagpur is known for its greenery, and was judged as the cleanest and second greenest in India after Chandigarh.^[22]

Climate[link]

As it is located at centre of Indian peninsula far from the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea, Nagpur has a tropical wet and dry climate with dry conditions prevailing for most of the year. It receives an annual rainfall of 1,205 mm (47.44 in) from monsoon rains during June to September.^[23] The highest recorded rainfall was 304 mm on 14 July 1994.^[24] Summers are extremely hot lasting from March to June, with maximum temperatures occurring in May. Winter lasts from November to January, during which temperatures can drop below 10 °C (50 °F).^[18] The highest recorded temperature in the city was 47.6 °C (117.7 °F) on 26 May 1954,^[25] while the lowest was 3 °C.

This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: numbers don't match source. Please help improve this section if you can; the talk page may contain suggestions. (April 2012)

Civic administration[link]

Vidhan Bhavan

Nagpur is administered by Nagpur Municipal Corporation (NMC) which is democratically elected civic governing body. Nagpur Improvement Trust (NIT) works with NMC and carries out works like development of the civic infrastructure and new urban areas on behalf of NMC.^[27] The city is divided in 10 zones which are in turn divided into 136 wards.^[28] Each ward is represented by a corporator, majority of whom are elected in local elections.

Nagpur is headquarters of national level scientific and governmental establishments like the National Environmental Engineering Research Institute NEERI, the Central Institute of Cotton Research (CICR), the National Research Centre for Citrus, the National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, the Jawaharlal Nehru National Aluminium Research and Development Centre, and the Petroleum And Explosives Safety Organisation (PESO) (formerly known as Department of Explosives).

Nagpur is also the home of National Academy of Direct Taxes (N.A.D.T.) where officers of Revenue Services are trained.

Military[link]

Sitabuldi fort is home to Indian Army's 118th infantry battalion.

Nagpur is an important city for the Indian armed forces. The city is the headquarters of Maintenance Command of Indian Air Force. The Indian Army's Ordinance factory and staff college are located in the western part of the city. Nagpur's suburb Kamptee has cantonment of Regimental center of Indian Army's Brigade made up of National Cadet Corps' Officers' Training School, Institute of Military Law and other establishments. Nagpur's National Civil Defense College provides civil defence and disaster management training to pupils from all over India and abroad. Indian Air Force's giant IL-76 transport planes nicknamed "Gajraj" are also based in Nagpur.^[29]

Demographics[link]

As of the^[update] 2011 census, Nagpur municipality had a population of 2,405,421^[4] and the urban agglomeration had a population of 2,497,777.^[5] The municipality had a sex ratio of 961 females per 1,000 males and 9.9% of the population were under six years old.^[4] Effective literacy was 93.13%; male literacy was 96.16% and female literacy was 89.99%.^[4] In 2001, the urban population was 2,129,500, and there were around 410,000 households in the city. 726,664 people lived in slums making Nagpur second-most slum-populated city in Maharashtra after Mumbai.^[31] Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for around 50% of the population.

Around 99.4% of the population was engaged in non-agricultural activities, attesting to the overwhelmingly urban character of Nagpur city.^[32] According to 2006 survey of National Crime Record Bureau Nagpur has the highest crime rate of 1470.6 in Maharashtra as compared to other mega-cities of the state.^[33]

Marathi, the official language of Maharashtra, is the local language in Nagpur. The Varhadi dialect of Marathi is spoken in and around the city The "Halbi" language is also spoken by Halba tribes. Hindi is also spoken as a lingua franca and secondary language. Due to its central location Nagpur has become a cosmopolitan city with a large number of residents from the neighbouring states of Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh and Andhra Pradesh. The number of migrants to Nagpur from outside Maharashtra during the 1991–2001 decade was 2.1 lakh making Nagpur the fourth most favoured destination in the state.^[34]

Economy[link]

Nagpur branch of the Reserve Bank of India

Nagpur has been the main center of commerce in the Vidarbha region since early days and is an important trading location. However, Nagpur's economic importance had gradually declined relative to Mumbai and Pune after the merging of Vidarbha into the Maharashtra because of a period of neglect by the state government.^[35] During the slowdown, state and central government offices were a major source of employment in the city.

Nagpur's economy is currently recovering from past slowdowns^[36] and the city has attracted Rupees 5,000 crore in investment in 2004.^[37] The city was ranked 9th most competitive city in the country by the Institute for Competitiveness in its 2010 report.^[38] The city is important for the banking sector as it hosts the regional office of Reserve Bank of India, which was opened on 10 September 1956. The Reserve Bank of India has two branches in Nagpur in which one of it houses India's entire gold assets.^[39] Sitabuldi market in central Nagpur, known as the Heart of the city, is the major commercial market area.

The Butibori industrial area is the largest in all of Asia in terms of area.^[40] The estate's largest unit is of Indo Rama Synthetics, which manufactures synthetic polyester yarn. Other units in Butibori include the power transmission company KEC, Hyundai Unitech, ACC Nihon Castings Ltd.^[41] Koradi Thermal Power Station and Khaparkheda Thermal Power Station are the two major thermal power stations located near Nagpur and operated by MSPGCL.

The Hingna industrial estate located on the western fringes of the city is made up of around 900 small and medium industrial units. The major ones among them are tractor manufacturing plant of Mahindra and Mahindra, casting units of NECO Ltd. (the country's largest casting group),^[42] units of International Combustion, Bajaj Auto group, Candico (the second largest confectionery manufacturing plant in India^[43]), Ajanta toothbrushes, and Sanvijay Group (largest steel rolling group of companies for long products in Central India).^[44] Nagpur is home to ice-cream manufacturer Dinshaws, Indian dry food manufacturer Haldiram's, Indian Ready to Cook food manufacturer Actchawa and Ayurvedic product company Vicco and Baidnath.^[45]

Education[link]

Nagpur is a major education centre in Central India.^{[citation needed]} College of Agriculture, Nagpur is the oldest college in the country founded in 1906 by the then British Government. The college is held at the historic and heritage Victoria Building (built in 1856 for stay of Queen of England Her Highness Victoria at Nagpur) at Maharajbagh, Nagpur.^[46] Founded in 1923, Nagpur University^[47] is one of the oldest in the country.^[48] The name has been officially changed to Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University ^[49] The city has both municipal schools (run by the NMC) as well as private schools (run by trusts or individuals), which in some cases receive financial aid from the government. The city's school system follows a 10+2+3/4 plan, students have the option to enroll in Junior college after 10 years of schooling and later degree courses for three or four years depending on the field. The school system has a geographical jurisdiction over the five districts of Nagpur division in addition to giving affiliation to hundreds of colleges. Institute of Management Technology, Nagpur, one of the reputed B-schools of India is located on a sprawling campus on way to Katol. Nagpur has one veterinary college Nagpur Veterinary College,^[50] and three Medical colleges namely Government Medical College and Hospital (GMCH), Indira Gandhi Government Medical College (IGGMC) and Lata Mangeshkar Medical College (LMC), as well as one Dental college. In addition, Nagpur has several engineering colleges including Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology , Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management, Priyadarshini College of Engineering and more. Nagpur is also home to India's only National Fire Service College that provides a graduation course in Fire Engineering. Nagpur has an I.G.N.O.U. regional centre located at Amravati Road where a large pool of students from all over the Vidarbha region pursue education from certificate courses to Masters degree programs.

Culture and places of interest[link]

The city contains people from other Indian states as well as people belonging to the world's major faiths, and yet is known for staying calm during communal conflicts in India.^[51] Nagpur plays host to cultural events throughout the year. Cultural and literary societies in Nagpur include Vidarbha Sahitya Sangh (for development of Marathi), Vidarbha Rashtrabhasha Prachar Samiti (promotion and spreading Hindi) and Vidarbha Hindi Sahitya Sammelan (for promoting Hindi). Marathi Sahitya Sammelan, the conference on Marathi Literature were held twice in Nagpur city. The South Central Cultural Centre also sponsors cultural events in Nagpur city, such as the Orange City Craft Mela and Folk Dance Festival, Vidarbhawhich is noted for its numerous folk-dances. Nagpur is a head office of Aadim Sanvidhan Sanrakshan Samiti(working for the rights of scheduled tribes).^[52] Newspapers are published from Nagpur in Marathi, English and Hindi. In addition, the Government of Maharashtra organises a week long Kalidas Festival, a series of music and dance performances, by national level artists.^[53]

Futala Lake at sunset

The Hitavada is one of the oldest and largest circulated English daily newspapers published in central India. The Nagpur Central Museum (estb. 1863) maintains collections are mainly for Vidarbha region.^[54] Another daily Tarun Bharat is a Marathi language daily published in Nagpur since 1948 AD by NarKesari publication, Ramdaspeth. Lokmat, the largest circulated Marathi daily of the World published from and headquartered at Lokmat Bhawan, Ramdaspeth, Nagpur, was started by Late Sri Jawaharlal Darda and publishes in 3 forms Lokmat Times-English daily, Lokmat Samachar-Hindi daily and Lokmat-Marathi daily.

Three brothers Ghulam Ali (Kotwal), Mohammad Saaduddin (Subedar) and Mohammad Saladuddin (Minister and Kotwal) from Jhajjar are remembered as great scholars of Urdu and Persian during the reign of Maharaja Senasaheb Subha Chhatrapati Raghuji Bapusaheb Bhonsle III. They founded 'Jhajjar Bagh' at Hansapuri (Now Mominpura). In this location, they built their residence 'Aina-e Mahal', a well and a Masjid (now Masjid Ahle Hadith). 'Jhajjar Bagh' also known as 'Subedar ka Bada' was located where nowadays Mohammad Ali Road at Mominpura, Jamia Masjid, Mohammad Ali Sarai and Furqania Madrasa are located.^[55]

The Raman Science Centre promotes scientific knowledge and has a 133 seat planetarium.^[56] The present day Maharajbagh zoo was originally a garden developed by the Bhonsle rulers.^[57] The state government has approved a new safari park of international standards besides Gorewada Lake.

Deekshabhoomi is a major center of the Dalit Buddhist movement

Deekshabhoomi, the largest hollow stupa or the largest dome shape monument and an important place of dalit buddhist movement, is located in Nagpur.^[58] Every year on the day of Vijayadashmi i.e. Dasehara, followers of Ambedkar visit deekshabhoomi. The 14 April, which is birth date of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar is celebrated. The most famous Temple in Nagpur is Tekdi Ganesh Mandir, and is said to be one of the Swayambhu (means Self-Manifested) temple in city. Sri Poddareshwar Ram Mandir and Shri Mahalaxmi Devi temple of Koradi are important Hindu temples.^[59] Religious events are observed in the city throughout the year. Ram Navami is celebrated in Nagpur with shobha yatra with a procession of floats depicting events from the Ramayana.^[60] Processions are also held on important festivals of other religions such as Dharma chakra privartan din, Dasara^{[disambiguation needed ]}, Eid E Milad, Guru Nanak Jayanti, Mahavir Jayanti, Durga puja, Ganesh Puja and Moharram. Like the rest of India, Nagpurkars celebrate major Hindu festivals like Diwali, Holi and Dussera with enthusiasm. Celebrations lasting for several days are held on Ganesh Chaturthi and Durga Puja festivals in virtually every small locality in the city. The city also contains a sizeable Muslim population, and famous places of worship for Muslims include the Jama Masjid-Mominpura and Bohri Jamatkhana-Itwari.The most famous Dargah of Hazrat Tajoddin Baba at Taj Baug.The St. Francis De Sales Cathedral is located in Sadar as well as the All Saints Cathedral church.

VCA Stadium at Jamtha, Nagpur

The Vidarbha Cricket Association Ground (VCA) in Nagpur is one of the nine test venues in the country. A new stadium of VCA called Vidarbha Cricket Association Stadium has been built on Wardha road with a seating capacity of 45,000 people at cost of 75 crore (US$14.96 million) and was one of the venues for the 2011 Cricket World Cup.Nagpur have one more cricket stadium named as VCA, Civil Lines which also hosted international matches.Thus Nagpur is one of the few cities, having more than one international cricket stadium in India.^[61][62][63] INOX Wardhaman Nagar (area:45,000 square feet) is the first multiplex in city. Now days, city has 3 more multiplexes including Inox Jaswant Tuli Mall, Cinemax Sitabuldi & Sangam Adlabs Sakkardara.

Zero Mile at Nagpur, is the Geographical center of India

Cuisine[link]

The Vidharbha region has its own distinctive cuisine known as the Varhadi cuisine or Saoji Cuisine.It is the traditional food and is famous for its spicy taste. The special spices used in the gravy include black pepper, dry coriander, bay leaves, grey cardamom, cinnamon, cloves, and ample use of poppy seeds (Khus-Khus) and powdered coconut. Non-vegetarian food especially chicken and mutton are commonly eaten in Nagpur. Saoji food being very spicy, may effect the good health conditions.

Transport[link]

Rail[link]

Due to its central location in India, the Nagpur Railway Station is an important railway junction and a transit terminal for trains that connect the country lengthwise and breadthwise, especially trains connecting India's major metropolises, Mumbai to Howrah-Kolkata, Delhi and Jammu to Chennai, Hydrabad, Bangalore and Kanyakumari in the South, as well as western cities such as Pune and Ahemedabad.^[64]

A total of 160 trains from various destinations hault at Nagpur. These include passenger, express, mail, Duronto, rajdhani, garib rath trains. Of these 65 are daily trains and 26 terminate/originate from Nagpur. Almost 1.5 lakh passengers board/leave Nagpur Railway Station Daily.

The city is the Divisional Head Quarters for the Central Railway and South East Central Railway Zone of Indian Railways. In 2010 Jan aahar opened its outlet in Nagpur Railway station. Jan aahar has only a few of its outlets in India. Jan aadhar offers light and healthy food at very affordable prices.

Nagpur Metro Rail[link]

The Nagpur Metro Rail project is announced by the state government of Maharashtra for the city with the expenses of 4,400 Cr and 3,800 Cr Rupees for its two phases of 25 km (from Sitabuldi to MIHAN and Butibori via Airport) and 20 km (Sitabuldi to Automotive Square in Kamptee) respectively.^[65] Consultants Delhi Metro Railway Corporation (DMRC) will study the alignment and submit a detailed project report.^[66]

The site inspection has already begun in March 2012 with the initiatives from NIT. The Rs 10,000-crore project will be executed by a new company called Nagpur Metro Transport Co Ltd (NMTCL) formed under the NIT. NMC, Maharashtra Airport Development Corporation (MADC) — that is currently developing the MIHAN project — MIDC and CIDCO are the other participating organisations. MIHAN vice-chairman UPS Madan will be the chairman of the new company and NIT chairman Parvin Darade will be its executive director.^[67]

Road[link]

Nagpur is a major junction for roadways as India's two major national highways, Kanyakumari-Varanasi (NH 7) and Hajira-Kolkata (NH-6), passing through the city.^[64] One more highway number 69 connect Nagpur to Obaidullaganj near Bhopal. Nagpur is at the junction of two Asian Highways namely AH43 Agra to Matara, Sri Lanka and AH46 connecting Kharagpur, India to Dhule, India.

The new state highway, Nagpur–Aurangabad–Mumbai express highway, built on the national highway basis is also sanctioned by the state and central government. This highway connects the state capital Mumbai to Nagpur via Aurangabad and significantly reduces the distance traveled by NH 6 and NH 3 between two cities.

State and Central government (NHAI) also approved the extension of NH 204 from Kolhapur to Nagpur via Solapur, Tuljapur, Latur, Nanded, Yavatmal, Wardha and Butibori, which mainly covers all the portion covered by the current Major State Highway, MSH 3 between Butibori and Tuljapur.

Maharashtra State road transport Corporation (MSRTC) runs cheap transport service for intercity, interstate, interstate travel. It has two bus stations in Nagpur viz. Nagpur Bus Sthanak (CBS-1) at Ganeshpeth and MorBhawan (CBS-2) at Jhansi Rani Square, Sitabuldi. It operates 1600 daily services from CBS-1 to long and short distances within state and to places in other surrounding states. It also operates 750 daily services from CBS-2 to short distances within Vidarbha. Its services include semiluxury 2+2 NEEM AARAAM, Parivartan 2+2, Asiad 2+2, and ordinary ST 2+3.Bus services are available for big cities in and around the states like Bhopal, Indore, Jabalpur, Raipur, Satna, Rewa, Raipur, Panna, Amravati, Raipur, Jagdalpur, Bilaspur, Mandla, Katni, Pune, Au rangabad, Nashik, Mumbai, Nanded, Akola, Jalgaon, Bhusawal, Rajnandgaon and Parbhani.

Public transport[link]

Nagpur Mahanagar Parivahan Ltd (NMPL) is the company formed with elected municipal corporators on board that caters to the city public transport. It has contracted Vansh Nimay Infraprojects (VNIL) to run city buses. It has a fleet of 470 Low-floor StarBuses that serve around 2.5Lakh citizens daily in the urban, suburban, metro areas. Of the total fleet 88 are low floor MiniBuses, and 382 are low floor 50 seater StarBuses as shown in pic. 240 buses are acquired under JNNURM and 230 are acquired under purchase-run-transfer basis by VNIL.^[68]

Air transport[link]

Nagpur's International Airport has the busiest Air traffic control room in India.

Nagpur's Air Traffic Control (ATC) is the busiest in India,^[64] with more than 300 flights flying over the city every day in 2004.^[69] In October 2005, Nagpur's Sonegaon Airport was declared an international airport and was renamed Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar International Airport.^[70]

Nagpur is currently witnessing an economic boom as the "Multi-modal International Cargo Hub and Airport at Nagpur (MIHAN)" is under development. MIHAN will be used for handling heavy cargo coming from south east Asia and the Middle East. The project will include 10,000 crore (US$2 billion) Special Economic Zone (SEZ)^[71] for Information Technology (IT) companies.

Nagpur is well connected by daily direct flights to Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Chennai, Pune, Indore, Ahmedabad, [Goa], Jaipur, Kochi, Nanded, Aurangabad, Raipur operated by Air India, Jet Airways, JetLite, Kingfisher, IndiGo, GoAir, SpiceJet. Air Arabia operates a tri-weekly to and fro flight between Nagpur and Dubai.

Indian Air Force has its base at Sonegaon near Nagpur International Airport. It houses Mi8 Helicopters and the IAF carriers IL-76.

See also[link]

• List of localities in Nagpur
• Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology
• Mohammad Saaduddin (subahdar) in 1839
• Gharib Nawaz Mosque
• Jama Masjid, Nagpur

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Nagpur

Wikisource has the text of the 1920 Encyclopedia Americana article Nagpur.

• Nagpur Life
• Nagpur Guide
• NIC page on Nagpur
• Nagpur travel guide from Wikitravel
• Gazetteer on the Nagpur District
•  "Nagpur". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1913. 
• Beach, Chandler B., ed. (1914). " Nagpur". The New Student's Reference Work. Chicago: F. E. Compton and Co.. Wikisource 

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Dale Steyn

Personal information
Full name	Dale Willem Steyn
Born	(1983-06-27) 27 June 1983 (age 28) Phalaborwa, Transvaal Province, South Africa
Height	1.79 m (5 ft 10 in)
Batting style	Right-handed
Bowling style	Right-arm fast
Role	Bowler
International information
National side	South Africa
Test debut (cap 297)	17 December 2004 v England
Last Test	3 January 2012 v Sri Lanka
ODI debut (cap 82)	17 August 2005 v Asia XI
Last ODI	22 January 2012 v Sri Lanka
ODI shirt no.	8
Domestic team information
Years	Team
2003–2004	Northerns
2004–2010	Titans (squad no. 8)
2005	Essex
2007	Warwickshire
2007–2010	Royal Challengers Bangalore (squad no. 2)
2011–present	Deccan Chargers (squad no. 8)
2010–present	Cape Cobras (squad no. 8)
Career statistics
Competition	Test	ODI	FC	LA
Matches	54	63	95	110
Runs scored	770	142	1,274	188
Batting average	15.09	8.35	14.98	7.52
100s/50s	0/1	0/0	0/3	0/0
Top score	76	35	82	35
Balls bowled	11,135	3,071	10,301	5,275
Wickets	272	91	426	164
Bowling average	23.18	28.62	24.18	25.51
5 wickets in innings	17	1	25	3
10 wickets in match	4	n/a	6	n/a
Best bowling	7/51	5/50	8/41	5/20
Catches/stumpings	14/–	15/–	20/–	22/–
Source: Cricinfo, 23 January 2012

Dale Willem Steyn (pronounced /ˈsteɪn/) (born 27 June 1983) is a South African cricketer who plays in Test and One Day International cricket for South Africa. He has been the number one ranked Test bowler in the world for the past three years and achieved the 900+ points benchmark on 13th Nov 2011.^[1] Steyn plays domestic cricket in South Africa for Cape Cobras. He is a right-arm fast bowler, and bowls at speeds of around 145–150 km/h (his fastest being recorded at 156.2 km/h during the 2010 IPL, Bangalore Royal Challengers against Kolkata Knight Riders). Steyn holds the record for the fastest South African to reach 100 wickets in Test Match cricket, a feat he achieved on 2 March 2008.^[2] Steyn currently has the third best bowling strike rate of all time in Test match cricket (amongst bowlers who have bowled a minimum of 2500 deliveries), behind George Lohmann and Shane Bond.^[3] He achieved a tally of 78 wickets at the world class average of 16.24 in Season 2007/08^[4] and was subsequently rewarded with the prestigious ICC 2008 Test Cricketer of the Year Award.^[5]

Playing style[link]

Steyn is an aggressive out-and-out fast bowler capable of bowling at speeds in excess of 150 km/h. He is capable of generating considerable swing and is usually chosen to bowl with the new ball to maximise these attributes.^[6] He has also demonstrated the ability to reverse swing the older ball in a Test match against India in Nagpur in 2010,^[7] which South Africa won by an innings and six runs. Steyn is an extremely competitive cricketer and often celebrates vigorously after taking a wicket. He has stated that "(he) love(s) the buzz from bowling fast" and that "(he) want(s) to be the quickest in the world".^[8]

Steyn is usually considered a tail-ender when batting and often bats at number ten or eleven. However, he is a capable hitter of the ball and can also occupy the crease if required.

Domestic career[link]

Steyn made his first-class debut for Northerns (subsequently merged with Easterns to form the Titans) on 17 October 2003. He only played two first-class games and made little impact in his first season, but a series of strong performances in the initial part of the 2004/2005 season saw him called up to the Test squad to play England. He went back to playing for the Titans after failing to impress in his first three Tests.

Steyn went to England in 2005 to play for Essex, appearing in seven matches between May and June. He failed to make a big impact in his initial outing in County Championship cricket, taking 14 wickets at 59.85.^[9] On his return to domestic cricket in South Africa, Steyn bowled excellently for the Titans through the 2005/2006 season which earned him a recall to the Test squad to face New Zealand.^[10]

Steyn seized the opportunity to cement his place in the South Africa Test team, and as a result of becoming a regular selection for the national team, he has subsequently played little domestic cricket in South Africa during the last two seasons, appearing for the Titans in just three SuperSport Series matches.

He had a second stint in England, playing for Warwickshire in the first half of the 2007 English season. This time around he had more success, claiming 23 County Championship wickets in seven matches at an average of 25.86.^[9] He also played well in the Friends Provident Trophy, a 50-over tournament, finishing as the leading wicket-taker for Warwickshire. He has since become a regular in the South African One Day International team.

Steyn signed to play in the Indian Premier League in 2008, playing for the Royal Challengers Bangalore. He earned US$325,000 for his appearance in the tournament.^[11] For IPL 2011 he was bought by Deccan Chargers for a whopping $1.2 million.^[12]

International career[link]

Dale Steyn in the field at the SCG in January 2009

Home Tests against England 2004/05[link]

Steyn made his debut for South Africa on 17 December 2004 in the first Test of England's tour. His first victim in Test cricket was Marcus Trescothick whom he bowled with a fast in-swinging delivery.^[13] However, his overall performance was underwhelming, he took eight wickets at an average of 52.00^[14] and he was dropped after bowling poorly in England's second innings of the fourth Test in January 2005, bowling eight no balls in nine overs which went for 47 runs.^[15] England won the match by 77 runs.

One Day Internationals 2005/06[link]

Later that year, Steyn was picked in the squad for the African XI in the Afro-Asia Cup of 2005/06, and he made his One Day International debut on 17 August 2005. The African XI won the match, with Steyn bowling last batsman Ashish Nehra to seal victory by two runs.^[16] Steyn made his One Day International debut for South Africa on 20 January 2006 in a match against Australia at Melbourne, a match which was part of the 2005-06 VB Series. Steyn did not bowl particularly well^[17] and after another below par performance against Sri Lanka^[18] he dropped out of consideration for the South African ODI team.

Home Tests against New Zealand 2005/2006[link]

Following a strong season playing domestic cricket for the Titans, Steyn was recalled to the Test side to play New Zealand in April 2006. He responded to his opportunity with his first five-wicket haul in the first Test at Centurion, ripping through the New Zealand batting lineup along with Makhaya Ntini as New Zealand crumbled to 120 all out, chasing 248 to win.^[19] He finished the three Test series with 16 wickets at 26.00^[20] and made a fine impression throughout.

Away Tests against Sri Lanka 2006[link]

Steyn was included in the Test team to play Sri Lanka away in a two match series in July and August 2006. In his first overseas Test, at the Sinhalese Sports Club Ground, Colombo, he took 3 for 129 as Sri Lanka piled up 756-5, with Kumar Sangakkara and Mahela Jayawardene putting together the highest Test match partnership ever (624 runs). South Africa slumped to defeat by an innings and 153 runs.^[21] In the second Test, at the Paikiasothy Saravanamuttu Stadium, Colombo, Steyn took his second five-wicket haul in Tests during Sri Lanka's first innings, but went wicketless in their seconds innings as Sri Lanka sealed a 2-0 series victory by a single wicket.^[22] Steyn finished the series with eight wickets at an average of 36.50.^[20]

Home Tests against India 2006/07[link]

Steyn retained his Test place for the three match home series against India. He picked up an injury whilst bowling early in India's first innings in the first Test at Johannesburg which prevented him from taking much further part in the game and also ruled him out of the second Test. He returned to play in the deciding third Test at Cape Town and bowled well, taking six wickets for 88 runs in the match as South Africa clinched the match and the series.^[23] He finished the series with six wickets at an average of 19.00.^[24]

Home Tests against Pakistan 2006/07[link]

Despite his strong performance on his return to the team in the third Test against India, Steyn missed out on a place in the first two Tests against Pakistan, with the selectors opting to play a four man attack featuring full-time spinner Paul Harris. He returned in the third Test, at Cape Town, when the selectors decided to rest André Nel and Shaun Pollock in preparation for the imminent 2007 Cricket World Cup. He took four wickets in the match for 87 runs as South Africa won the match by 5 wickets and took the series 2-1.^[25] As this was his only match, his average for the series was 21.75.^[24]

One Day Internationals 2007[link]

Steyn was recalled to the South African ODI squad in June 2007 and played in three matches between June and August, against Ireland, India and Zimbabwe. He had mixed success in these three matches, taking wickets but proving expensive.^[26]

Away Tests against Pakistan 2007/2008[link]

Steyn was picked for the Test squad to tour Pakistan in October, and played in both Tests. In the first Test at Karachi, during Pakistan's second innings, he picked up his third Test five-wicket haul as Pakistan were bowled out for 263 chasing 424 to win.^[27] He had an unremarkable second Test, with the match petering out to a draw, handing South Africa the series 1-0, and finished the series with nine wickets at 24.66.^[28]