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Alpena, Michigan
Alpena () is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan and the county seat of Alpena County. It is considered to be part of Northern Michigan. The Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary is located in the city. The population was 11,304 at the 2000 census. The population swells with a large number of visitors in the summer.
http://wn.com/Alpena_Michigan -
Ann Arbor, Michigan
http://wn.com/Ann_Arbor_Michigan -
Antalya
http://wn.com/Antalya -
Bay City, Michigan
Bay City is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan located near the base of the Saginaw Bay on Lake Huron. As of the 2000 census, the city's population was 36,817, with the 2009 census estimate placing the population at 33,780. It is the county seat of Bay County and is the principal city of the Bay City Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Saginaw-Bay City-Saginaw Township North Combined Statistical Area. The city, along with nearby Midland and Saginaw, form the "Tri-Cities" region.
http://wn.com/Bay_City_Michigan -
Bay County, Michigan
Bay County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2000 census, the population was 110,157 with an estimate of 107,434 in 2009. The county seat is Bay City. Bay County is included in the Bay City Metropolitan Statistical Area.
http://wn.com/Bay_County_Michigan -
Casnovia, Michigan
Casnovia is a village in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is situated on the boundary between Muskegon County and Kent County and lies partially within both. As of the 2000 census, the village population was 315. The village is located partially within the Casnovia Township, Michigan.
http://wn.com/Casnovia_Michigan -
Dearborn, Michigan
Dearborn is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is located in the Detroit metropolitan area and Wayne County, and is the tenth largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2000 census, it had a population of 97,775. The city is the hometown of Henry Ford and the world headquarters of the Ford Motor Company. It has a campus of the University of Michigan as well as Henry Ford Community College.
http://wn.com/Dearborn_Michigan -
Detroit
http://wn.com/Detroit -
Eastpointe, Michigan
Eastpointe (formerly East Detroit) is a city in Macomb County of the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 34,077. Eastpointe forms a part of the Metro Detroit area. It borders on 8 Mile Road on the northern edge of Detroit.
http://wn.com/Eastpointe_Michigan -
Flint, Michigan
Flint is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan and is located along the Flint River, 66 miles (106 km) northwest of Detroit. As of the 2000 census, the city had a population of 124,943. The 2009 Census Bureau Estimate places the population at 111,475, making Flint the seventh largest city in Michigan. It is the county seat of Genesee County which lies in the Flint/Tri-Cities region of Michigan. Genesee County is also the entirety of Flint's metropolitan area, the fourth largest metropolitan area in Michigan.
http://wn.com/Flint_Michigan -
France
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/France -
Fruitport, Michigan
Fruitport is a village in Muskegon County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2000 census, the village had a total population of 1,124. The community is located within Fruitport Charter Township.
http://wn.com/Fruitport_Michigan -
Gerry Teifer
Gerald Emmett Teifer (May 28, 1922 - September 20, 2004) was a songwriter, music publisher, recording industry executive, and entertainer.
http://wn.com/Gerry_Teifer -
Hartlepool
Hartlepool () is a town and port in North East England.
http://wn.com/Hartlepool -
Holland, Michigan
Holland is a city in the western region of the Lower Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. It is situated near the eastern shore of Lake Michigan on Lake Macatawa, which is fed by the Macatawa River (also known locally as the Black River). The city spans the Ottawa/Allegan county line, with in Ottawa and the remaining in Allegan. As of the 2000 census, the population was 35,048, with the 2008 census estimate placing the population at 34,076 with an Urbanized Area population of 95,394. The city is the largest municipality of the Holland-Grand Haven Metropolitan Statistical Area, which has an estimated population of 260,364 as of July 1, 2008. Holland was founded by Dutch Americans, and is in an area that has a large percentage of citizens of Dutch American heritage who live in communities with such Dutch names as Harlem, Zeeland, Vriesland, Drenthe, Groningen and Graafschap. It is home to Hope College and Western Theological Seminary, institutions of the Reformed Church in America.
http://wn.com/Holland_Michigan -
Illinois
Illinois ( {{respell|-i-), is the fifth-most populous state of the United States of America, and is often noted for being a microcosm of the entire country. It is the most populous state in the Midwest region, however with 65% of its residents concentrated in the Chicago metropolitan area, most of the state has either a rural or a small town character. With Chicago in the northeast, small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and western Illinois, and natural resources like coal, timber, and petroleum in the south, Illinois has a broad economic base. Illinois is an important transportation hub; the Port of Chicago connects the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River via the Illinois River. As the "most average state", Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether both in social and cultural terms and politics, though the latter has not really been true since the early 1970s.
http://wn.com/Illinois -
Jackson, Michigan
Jackson is a city located along Interstate 94 in the south central area of the U.S. state of Michigan, about west of Ann Arbor and south of Lansing. It is the county seat of Jackson County. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 36,316. It is the principal city of the Jackson Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes Jackson County.
http://wn.com/Jackson_Michigan -
Japan
http://wn.com/Japan -
Kalamazoo, Michigan
Kalamazoo () is the largest city in the southwest region of the U.S. state of Michigan. It is the county seat of Kalamazoo County. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 77,145. It is the major city of the Kalamazoo-Portage metropolitan area, which had an estimated population of 326,634 as of 2009.
http://wn.com/Kalamazoo_Michigan -
Kentwood, Michigan
Kentwood is a city in Kent County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 45,255 at the 2000 census, making it the second most populous suburb of Grand Rapids.
http://wn.com/Kentwood_Michigan -
Keweenaw Peninsula
The Keweenaw Peninsula (, roughly ) is the northern-most part of Michigan's Upper Peninsula. It projects into Lake Superior and was the site of the first copper boom in the United States. Its major industries are now logging and tourism, as well as jobs related to Michigan Technological University and Finlandia University.
http://wn.com/Keweenaw_Peninsula -
Lansing, Michigan
Lansing () is the capital of the U.S. state of Michigan. It is located about west-northwest of Detroit and is mostly in Ingham County, although small portions of the city extend into Eaton County and Clinton County. As of the July 1, 2009 Census Bureau estimate, it has a population of 113,802 and a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) population of 453,603. The even larger Combined Statistical Area (CSA) population, which includes Shiawassee County, is estimated at 523,609.
http://wn.com/Lansing_Michigan -
Livonia, Michigan
Livonia is a city in the northwest part of Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. Livonia is a very large suburb with an array of traditional neighborhoods connected to the metropolitan area by freeways. The population was 100,545 at the 2000 census. The 2008 Census Bureau Estimate places the population at 91,220, making it the ninth largest city in Michigan. The municipality is a part of Metro Detroit, and located approximately northwest from downtown Detroit, and less than two miles (3 km) from the western city limits of Detroit (Redford Township lies in between the two).
http://wn.com/Livonia_Michigan -
M*A*S*H (TV series)
M*A*S*H is an American television series developed by Larry Gelbart, adapted from the 1970 feature film MASH (which was itself based on the 1968 novel , by Richard Hooker). The series is a medical drama/black comedy that was produced in association with 20th Century Fox Television for CBS. It follows a team of doctors and support staff stationed at the "4077th Mobile Army Surgical Hospital" in Uijeongbu, South Korea, during the Korean War. M*A*S*H's title sequence featured an instrumental version of the song "Suicide Is Painless", which also appears in the original film. The show was created after an attempt to film the original book's sequel, M*A*S*H Goes to Maine, failed. It is the most well-known version of the M*A*S*H works.
http://wn.com/M*A*S*H_(TV_series) -
Metro Detroit
The Detroit metropolitan area, often referred to as Metro Detroit, is the metropolitan area located in Southeast Michigan centered on the city of Detroit. The Detroit metropolitan area is the second largest U.S. metropolitan area linking the Great Lakes system. U.S. Army TACOM Life Cycle Management Command (TACOM) is headquartered in Metro Detroit together with Selfridge Air National Guard Base. As a major metropolitan area, it is known for its automotive heritage, arts, and popular music legacies.
http://wn.com/Metro_Detroit -
Michigan
Michigan () is a U.S. state located in the Great Lakes Region of the United States of America. The name Michigan is a French corruption of the Ojibwe word mishigama, meaning "large water" or "large lake".
http://wn.com/Michigan -
Midland, Michigan
Midland is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan in the Flint/Tri-Cities region of the state. It is the county seat of Midland County. While the vast majority of the city exists within Midland County, a small portion of the city extends into Bay County. Most of the city's area is incorporated from Midland Township.
http://wn.com/Midland_Michigan -
Milwaukee
http://wn.com/Milwaukee -
Montague, Michigan
Montague is a city in Muskegon County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 2,407. The city is located within Montague Township, but is politically independent.
http://wn.com/Montague_Michigan -
Muskegon, Michigan
http://wn.com/Muskegon_Michigan -
Novi, Michigan
Novi is a city in Oakland County of the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2000 census, the population was 47,386. In 2007, the city completed a special census which places the current population at 52,231. The city is located approximately northwest from the center of Detroit, and northeast from the center of Ann Arbor. The city is located within the boundaries of the survey township of Novi Township. The remaining unincorporated township is only a tiny fraction surrounded by the city.
http://wn.com/Novi_Michigan -
Pontiac, Michigan
Pontiac is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan named after the Ottawa Chief Pontiac. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 66,337. It is the county seat of Oakland County. Considered a satellite city of Detroit, it is surrounded by affluent Metro Detroit suburbs.
http://wn.com/Pontiac_Michigan -
Portage, Michigan
Portage is a city in Kalamazoo County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 44,897 at the 2000 census.
http://wn.com/Portage_Michigan -
Ravenna, Michigan
Ravenna is a village in Muskegon County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,206 at the 2000 census. The village is located with Ravenna Township.
http://wn.com/Ravenna_Michigan -
Roseville, Michigan
Roseville is a city in Macomb County in the U.S. state of Michigan, and is a part of the Metro Detroit area. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 48,129. Until 1958, Roseville was a part of Erin Township.
http://wn.com/Roseville_Michigan -
Royal Oak, Michigan
Royal Oak is a city in Oakland County of the U.S. state of Michigan. It is a suburb of Detroit. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 60,062. It should not be confused with Royal Oak Charter Township, a separate community located nearby. It is the 5th largest city in Oakland County and the 18th largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan.
http://wn.com/Royal_Oak_Michigan -
Saginaw, Michigan
Saginaw is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan and the seat of Saginaw County. The city of Saginaw was once a thriving lumber town and manufacturing center. Saginaw and Saginaw County lie in the Flint/Tri-Cities region of Michigan. It is located adjacent to Saginaw Charter Township and considered part of the Tri-Cities area, along with Bay City and Midland. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 61,799. In 2009, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated its population to be 55,238.
http://wn.com/Saginaw_Michigan -
Southfield, Michigan
Southfield is a city in Oakland County of the U.S. state of Michigan. It is a suburb of Detroit and is part of the Metro Detroit area. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 78,296. Southfield Township is adjacent to the city on the north side. A part of Metro Detroit's upscale office market, the city's marque is a cluster of five golden skyscrapers - known as the "Golden Triangle" - that form the contemporary Southfield Town Center office complex with a Westin Hotel and a conference center. In addition, a 33-story luxury residential high-rise is separate from the complex. Southfield has other skyscrapers. To the west, near the confluence of I-696/Reuther Freeway and M-10/Lodge Freeway, is the American Center.
http://wn.com/Southfield_Michigan -
St. Ignace
http://wn.com/St_Ignace -
Taylor, Michigan
Taylor is a city in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 65,868 at the 2000 census. Taylor was originally known as Taylor Township and residents of the township voted to incorporate as the City of Taylor in May 1968. Taylor is the 17th most populous city in Michigan and the 418th largest city in the United States.
http://wn.com/Taylor_Michigan -
Troy, Michigan
Troy is an affluent city in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is a suburb of Detroit. The population was 80,959 at the 2000 census, making it the 12th-largest city in Michigan by population, and the second-largest city in Oakland County after Farmington Hills. Troy has become a business and shopping destination in the Metro Detroit area, with numerous office centers and the upscale Somerset Collection mall.
http://wn.com/Troy_Michigan -
Turkey
Turkey (), known officially as the Republic of Turkey (), is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in western Asia and Thrace in the Balkan region of southeastern Europe. Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between Eastern Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.
http://wn.com/Turkey -
Twin Lake, Michigan
Twin Lake is an unincorporated community in Muskegon County of the U.S. state of Michigan. It is a census-designated place (CDP) for statistical purposes. Local government services are provided by Dalton Township. As of the 2000 census, the community population was 1,613. It is the home of Blue Lake Fine Arts Camp, Gerber Scout Reservation and Owasippe Scout Reservation.
http://wn.com/Twin_Lake_Michigan -
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a country and sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island nation, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border with another sovereign state, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. Great Britain is linked to continental Europe by the Channel Tunnel.
http://wn.com/United_Kingdom -
United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
http://wn.com/United_States -
Warren, Michigan
Warren is a city in Macomb County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 138,247, making Warren the largest city in Macomb County, the third largest city in Michigan, and Metro Detroit's largest suburb. Warren was also home to rapper Eminem.
http://wn.com/Warren_Michigan -
Westland, Michigan
Westland is a city in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is located about west of downtown Detroit. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 86,602.
http://wn.com/Westland_Michigan -
Whitehall, Michigan
Whitehall is a city in Muskegon County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,884 at the 2000 census. The city is located in the southwest corner of Whitehall Township. Montague, Michigan is its neighbor.
http://wn.com/Whitehall_Michigan -
Wisconsin
Wisconsin () is a U.S. state located in the north-central United States and is considered part of the Midwest. It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, Upper Michigan to the northeast, and Lake Superior to the north. Wisconsin's capital is Madison, and its largest city is Milwaukee. As of 2009 the state has an estimated 5.6 million residents. The state contains 72 counties.
http://wn.com/Wisconsin -
Wolf Lake, Michigan
Wolf Lake is an unincorporated community in Egelston Township of Muskegon County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is a census-designated place (CDP) for statistical purposes, but has no official status as an incorporated municipality. The population was 4,455 at the 2000 census.
http://wn.com/Wolf_Lake_Michigan -
Wyoming, Michigan
Wyoming is a city in Kent County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 69,368. That makes it the 20th largest city in the state of Michigan. It is the largest suburb of Grand Rapids. In 1832 the area was settled, was initially organized as a township in 1848, and then became a city in 1959.
http://wn.com/Wyoming_Michigan
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Bennie Oosterbaan
Benjamin Gaylord "Bennie" Oosterbaan (February 4, 1906 – October 25, 1990) was a three-time first team All-American football end for the Michigan Wolverines football team, two-time All-American basketball player for the basketball team and an All-Big Ten Conference baseball player for the baseball team. Despite the fact that he last played in the 1920s, he is still widely regarded as one of the greatest football players in Michigan's history. He was selected by Sports Illustrated as the fourth greatest athlete in the history of the U.S. state of Michigan in 2003 and one of the eleven greatest college football players of the first century of the game (ending in 1968).
http://wn.com/Bennie_Oosterbaan -
Bettye LaVette
Bettye LaVette (born Betty Haskins on January 29, 1946) is an American soul singer-songwriter who recorded her first record at sixteen, but achieved only intermittent fame until 2005, with her album, ''I've Got My Own Hell to Raise''. Her eclectic musical style combines elements of soul, blues, rock and roll, funk, gospel, and country music, which has prevented her from being easily marketed.
http://wn.com/Bettye_LaVette -
Bill Szymczyk
Bill Szymczyk (; (born February 13, 1943) is an American music producer and technical engineer best known for working with rock and blues musicians, most notably the Eagles in the 1970s. He produced many top albums and singles of the 1970s, though he retired from the music business by 1990. He re-emerged in the late 2000s, taking on select projects including the 2007 Eagles album Long Road Out of Eden and the 2008 self-titled debut of Brian Vander Ark.
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Bob Wood (author)
Robert Edward "Bob" Wood (born February 1957) is an American author, teacher, activist, and potential candidate for Congress. As a 28 year-old high school history teacher from Kalamazoo, Michigan, (though teaching in Seattle, Washington at the time), he wrote the 1988 best selling book Dodger Dogs to Fenway Franks. In June 2008, the sports blog, Basbeball Musings, wrote a story commemorating the 20th anniversary of Dodger Dogs to Fenway Franks.
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Bob Zuppke
http://wn.com/Bob_Zuppke -
Bobby Grich
http://wn.com/Bobby_Grich -
Buster Keaton
http://wn.com/Buster_Keaton -
Charles Hackley
http://wn.com/Charles_Hackley -
David Leestma
David Cornell Leestma (born May 6, 1949) is an American astronaut.
http://wn.com/David_Leestma -
Don Nelson
MedalCountry|
http://wn.com/Don_Nelson -
Earl Morrall
Earl Edwin Morrall (born May 17, 1934 in Muskegon, Michigan) is a former American football quarterback in the National Football League. Morrall, who also occasionally punted, played 21 seasons in the National Football League as both a starter and reserve. In the latter capacity, he became known as the greatest backup quarterback in NFL history. Morrall made Pro Bowl appearances following the 1957 and 1968 seasons.
http://wn.com/Earl_Morrall -
Edmund Szoka
Edmund Cardinal Szoka (born September 14, 1927) is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He is currently President Emeritus of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State and President Emeritus of the Governatorate of Vatican City State, having previously served as Bishop of Gaylord from 1971 to 1981 and Archbishop of Detroit from 1981 to 1990. Szoka was elevated to the cardinalate in 1988.
http://wn.com/Edmund_Szoka -
Gerry Teifer
Gerald Emmett Teifer (May 28, 1922 - September 20, 2004) was a songwriter, music publisher, recording industry executive, and entertainer.
http://wn.com/Gerry_Teifer -
Grant Wood
Grant DeVolson Wood (February 13, 1891 – February 12, 1942) was an American painter, born in Anamosa, Iowa. He is best known for his paintings depicting the rural American Midwest, particularly the painting American Gothic, an iconic image of the 20th century.
http://wn.com/Grant_Wood -
Haddon Sundblom
Haddon Hubbard "Sunny" Sundblom (June 22, 1899 – March 10, 1976) was a United States artist best known for the images of Santa Claus he created for The Coca-Cola Company.
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Harry Morgan
http://wn.com/Harry_Morgan -
Henry de Tonty
http://wn.com/Henry_de_Tonty -
Hopewell tradition
The Hopewell tradition (also incorrectly called the "Hopewell culture") is the term used to describe common aspects of the Native American culture that flourished along rivers in the northeastern and midwestern United States from 200 BCE to 500 CE. The Hopewell tradition was not a single culture or society, but a widely dispersed set of related populations. They were connected by a common network of trade routes, known as the Hopewell Exchange System.
http://wn.com/Hopewell_tradition -
Iggy Pop
Iggy Pop (born James Newell Osterberg, Jr.; April 21, 1947) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, and occasional actor. He is considered an influential innovator of punk rock, hard rock, and other styles of rock music. Pop began calling himself Iggy after his first band in high school (for which he was drummer), The Iguanas. Iggy Pop is widely acknowledged as one of the most dynamic stage performers of all time.
http://wn.com/Iggy_Pop -
Jacques Marquette
http://wn.com/Jacques_Marquette -
Jim Bakker
James Orsen "Jim" Bakker (born January 2, 1940, pronounced "Baker") is an American televangelist, a former Assemblies of God minister, and a former host (with his then-wife Tammy Faye Bakker) of The PTL Club, a popular evangelical Christian television program.
http://wn.com/Jim_Bakker -
John Beyrle
John R. Beyrle (born February 11, 1954), a career Foreign Service Officer and specialist in Russian and Eastern European affairs, is currently Ambassador of the United States to the Russian Federation.
http://wn.com/John_Beyrle -
John Frederick Nims
John Frederick Nims (November 20, 1913 Muskegon, Michigan - January 13, 1999 in Chicago, Illinois) was an American poet and academic.
http://wn.com/John_Frederick_Nims -
Justin Abdelkader
Justin Abdelkader (; born February 25, 1987 in Muskegon, Michigan) is an American ice hockey forward currently playing for the Detroit Red Wings.
http://wn.com/Justin_Abdelkader -
Kate Reinders
Kate Reinders is an American musical theatre actress, who has performed as lead and understudy in several Broadway shows. She attended Western Michigan Christian High School, graduating in 1998. Born in Seattle, Washington, but raised in Muskegon, Michigan.
http://wn.com/Kate_Reinders -
Laurie Keller
Laurie Keller is an American children's book author and illustrator. She has written four books for Henry Holt & Co. Books for Young Readers, and produced illustrations for two others.
http://wn.com/Laurie_Keller -
Lewis B. Smedes
http://wn.com/Lewis_B_Smedes -
Mark Grimmette
Mark Grimmette (born January 23, 1971 in Muskegon, Michigan) is an American luger who competed from 1990 to 2010. Competing in five Winter Olympics, he won two medals in the men's doubles event with a silver in 2002 and a bronze in 1998.
http://wn.com/Mark_Grimmette -
Miss America
The Miss America pageant is a long-standing competition which awards scholarships to young women from the 50 states plus the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands. The winner of the national pageant is awarded the title of "Miss America" for one year.
http://wn.com/Miss_America -
Nate McLouth
Nathan Richard McLouth (born October 28, 1981 in Muskegon, Michigan) is a Major League Baseball player for the Atlanta Braves. Primarily a center fielder, McLouth bats from the left side and throws from the right. He is 5' 11" tall and weighs 185 pounds. His last name is commonly mispronounced; the correct pronunciation rhymes with the word "mouth", rather than the word "youth". McLouth has the nicknames "Mighty Mouse McLouth," "Nasty Nate", "Nate McOut," and "Nate the Great" .
http://wn.com/Nate_McLouth -
Pottawatomi
http://wn.com/Pottawatomi -
Ray Newman
Raymond Francis Newman (born June 20, 1945) is a former Major League Baseball left-handed pitcher for the Chicago Cubs in 1971 and the Milwaukee Brewers in 1972-1973.
http://wn.com/Ray_Newman -
Richard Mell
Richard F. "Dick" Mell (born May 5, 1938) is an American politician and long-time member of the Chicago City Council. He is a Democrat. Mell is the chairman of the Rules Committee and has a history of feuding with Chicago Mayor Richard M. Daley.
http://wn.com/Richard_Mell -
Richard Versalle
http://wn.com/Richard_Versalle -
Robert Morse
Robert Morse (born 1931) is an American actor and singer. Morse is best known for his appearances in musicals and plays on Broadway. He has also acted in movies and TV shows.
http://wn.com/Robert_Morse -
Rocky Marquette
Rocky Marquette (born May 15, 1980) is an American film actor most known for his roles in independent horror films, especially that of "The Boy" in 2004's Shallow Ground.
http://wn.com/Rocky_Marquette -
Ruvell Martin
Ruvell Martin (born August 10, 1982, ) is an American football wide receiver who is currently a free agent. He was signed as an undrafted free agent by the San Diego Chargers in 2004. He played college football at Saginaw Valley State.
http://wn.com/Ruvell_Martin -
Steve Gorman
Steve Gorman (born 17 August 1965, Muskegon, Michigan) is a musician best known as the drummer of the American hard rock band The Black Crowes. He also spent some time as the drummer for British rock band Stereophonics.
http://wn.com/Steve_Gorman -
Vonda Kay Van Dyke
Vonda Kay Van Dyke (born 1943) was crowned the 1965 Miss America on September 13, 1964. She had previously been Miss Arizona. She is unique among pageant winners in that she was and still is the only Miss America who was also Miss Congeniality.
http://wn.com/Vonda_Kay_Van_Dyke -
W. Wesley Peterson
William Wesley Peterson, PhD (born April 22, 1924 in Muskegon, Michigan, died May 6, 2009 in Honolulu, Hawaii) was an American mathematician and computer scientist. He was best known for inventing the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
http://wn.com/W_Wesley_Peterson -
Wayne Static
Wayne Static (born Wayne Richard Wells,
http://wn.com/Wayne_Static
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GTV RAW - FIGHT IN MUSKEGON, MI
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:27
- Updated: 23 Oct 2012
FIGHT IN MUSKEGON, MI (IN FRONT OF WOOD STREET MARKET) SEVERAL FIGHTS BREAK OUT AT THE SAME TIME CREDIT: SKEEALITY TV
http://wn.com/GTV_RAW_FIGHT_IN_MUSKEGON,_MI
Salmon Fishing 2011 Muskegon, MI
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:30
- Updated: 16 Sep 2012
Jigging Salmon with my Dad in Muskegon, MI. When the conditions are right, vertical jigging is THE MOST effective method of intercepting fresh running kings. We were using 6'6" medium action ugly stick spinning rods just for fun. All of the fish we caught was given to family and friends at my church.
http://wn.com/Salmon_Fishing_2011_Muskegon,_MI
Implosion Of the Occidental Hotel Muskegon Michigan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:56
- Updated: 13 Aug 2012
April 1975.. The Occidental was to remain the premier hotel in the city for the several decades, as well as a hub of downtown activity. It contained 273 guest rooms, a cafeteria, banquet room, cocktail lounge, barbershop, beauty shop and numerous stores. One of its prominent residents was Jack Reese, long time president of Continental Motors. He and his wife stayed in one of the hotels 16 apartments. By the 1960s, the downtown was faltering and motels in the surrounding community were drawing away business from the Occidental. The hotel closed its doors for good December 1, 1970. It remained empty for several years while the city fathers considered ways to revitalize the downtown. When the idea for a covered mall was formulated the hotel did not fit into the plans. In fact it stood in the way of a proposed parking lot. The city acquired the property through condemnation in March of 1975. The next step was to decide how to demolish the building. ORourke Wrecking was awarded the contract and decided to collapse the building using the services of Controlled Demolition, Inc. The exact date was to be kept secret to hold down the crowds. Meanwhile windows were boarded up on St. Pauls church, the Michigan Theater and the Chronicle building. Mounds of dirt were piled up around the hotel to contain the debris and barricades erected to keep spectators at least a block away. In spite of the secrecy, word leaked out and crowds began to gather early on the morning of Sunday, April 13 ...
http://wn.com/Implosion_Of_the_Occidental_Hotel_Muskegon_Michigan
Lake Michigan in December, Muskegon Michigan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:45
- Updated: 09 Aug 2012
This is a video of Lake Michigan and the dunes in Lake Harbor Park in Muskegon, Michigan
http://wn.com/Lake_Michigan_in_December,_Muskegon_Michigan
Muskegon County 2012 Video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:48
- Updated: 19 Oct 2012
Experience the Lake Effect in Muskegon County, Michigan. Watch this video for a taste of life in Muskegon County!
http://wn.com/Muskegon_County_2012_Video
GTV RAW | SKEEALITY TV- WOMAN GOES IN ON EX-BOYFRIEND IN MUSKEGON, MI (CELLPHONE FOOTAGE)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:21
- Updated: 08 Aug 2012
MUSKEGON, MI: JOKES ALMOST TURN INTO A FIGHT AFTER WOMAN GOES IN ON EX-BOYFRIEND
http://wn.com/GTV_RAW_|_SKEEALITY_TV_WOMAN_GOES_IN_ON_EX-BOYFRIEND_IN_MUSKEGON,_MI_CELLPHONE_FOOTAGE
"Muskegon River Deer in boat"- Michigan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:50
- Updated: 24 Oct 2012
Muskegon River Steelhead. A deer jumped into our boat while we were Steelhead fishing on the Muskegon River in Western Michigan. It's a pretty funny video well worth watching!
http://wn.com/Muskegon_River_Deer_in_boat_Michigan
Muskegon Beaches - Pure Michigan Minute
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:19
- Updated: 19 Jun 2012
Adventure Travel expert and photojournalist, Byron Goggin visits Muskegon Michigan Beaches for this weeks Pure Michigan Minute. It has been said that Muskegon has some of the most beautiful beaches in the world. To see more features like these please visit PureMichiganMinute.com To see full length, in depth videos visit www.WildWeekendTV.com
http://wn.com/Muskegon_Beaches_Pure_Michigan_Minute
Hot Rod Power Tour 2011, Muskegon, MI: Burnout Contest!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:30
- Updated: 26 Jul 2012
Hot Rod Power Tour 2011 in Muskegon, MI. Here is a short video from the burnout contest!
http://wn.com/Hot_Rod_Power_Tour_2011,_Muskegon,_MI_Burnout_Contest!
Muskegon MI Bikers - Escorting a Fallen MMG Biker Home From Wisconsin June 3, 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:20
- Updated: 22 Oct 2012
Muskegon Bikers meet the Lake Ferry Express to escort the body of Dan Winsemius to the funeral home after an accident on May 31st 2012 in Wisconsin took his life and injured nine others. Police report a car crossed the center line and hit 10 out of 12 bikers from the Muskegon Motorcycle Gang (MMG). The group of men and women Bikers were Amazing to watch!!! So proud I am from a community that supports one another. God Bless Dan's family and friends and all the bikers who brought him home... Donations to help the families with expenses can be made at any PNC Bank
http://wn.com/Muskegon_MI_Bikers_Escorting_a_Fallen_MMG_Biker_Home_From_Wisconsin_June_3,_2012
VIDEO OF Port City Victorian Inn Muskegon, Mi
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:23
- Updated: 24 Oct 2012
Bed and Breakfast, Muskegon, MI
http://wn.com/VIDEO_OF_Port_City_Victorian_Inn_Muskegon,_Mi
Goo Goo Dolls - Live in Muskegon, Michigan 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:45
- Updated: 24 Oct 2012
Recorded by Hanna from Sweden. Quality could be better, but still.... a great concert & great warm summer evening in Michigan.
http://wn.com/Goo_Goo_Dolls_Live_in_Muskegon,_Michigan_2011
Record snow in Muskegon Michigan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:20
- Updated: 17 Jan 2012
Record 13 inches of snow in 6 hours
http://wn.com/Record_snow_in_Muskegon_Michigan
Muskegon Luge - Pure Michigan Minute
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:25
- Updated: 15 Feb 2012
Pure Michigan Minute - Ride on a Luge! Photojournalist Byron Goggin heads to Muskegon, Michigan and shows you what it's like to ride on a Luge. For more stories like these visit WildWeekendTV.com. or MichiganMinute.com
http://wn.com/Muskegon_Luge_Pure_Michigan_Minute
CARMEN'S CAFE MUSKEGON MICHIGAN
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:52
- Updated: 14 Oct 2012
GETTING FIRED BY CARMEN
http://wn.com/CARMEN'S_CAFE_MUSKEGON_MICHIGAN
LST{Landing Ship Tank} 393 Tour Muskegon Michigan.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:09
- Updated: 16 Sep 2012
Take a tour of LST 393 one of the only 2 remaining World War 2 Landing Ship Tank. I concentrate on the engine room, but show the Tank Deck, soldiers bunks & wash rooms and Galley. Built in 1942 by Newport News Ship Building, It sailed until 1946. It served in the D June 6th 1944Omaha Beach Normandy Invasion as well as Sicily, Salerno. After Normandy it served in Pacific Theater. It was bought by Sand Products and renamed the "Highway 16" after a deadly two lane West Michigan highway. It hauled new automobiles from Muskegon to Milwaukee until 1970. Mothballed for about 20 years it was bought by the USS LST 393 Preservation Association as a WW2 LST It is powered by 2 Electromotive Division 12V567A 2 cycle locomotive diesels marine rated at 900HP. Each cylinder is 8.5" with a 10" stroke and has a displacement of 567 CID per cylinder for a total of 6934 CID. Max Marine RPM is 744 RPM. Railroad is 600-1200HP depending on the fuel rack setting, 800RPM max. Fuel consumption is 80 gallons of #2 Diesel per hour. Railroad is 16GPH at idle and 38 GPH at full throttle. Lube oil capacity is 160 gallons with 30 gallons being the oil filter. The EMD diesel is basically a BIG Detroit diesel. The difference is the route of air induction and exhaust. The Detroit has the Roots Blower on top of the engine and the exhaust vented into an internal chamber called the "air box". The EMD Roots blowers are on the front of the engine and vents into the air box & through the "scavening port" then ...
http://wn.com/LST_Landing_Ship_Tank_393_Tour_Muskegon_Michigan
Beautiful Shelf Cloud Moving In: Muskegon, MI June 18th 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:13
- Updated: 12 Oct 2012
We had some pretty strong storms roll into the Muskegon Lakeshore area this morning and I was lucky enough to catch this awesome shelf cloud that preceded the storms. This video is sped up 4x's
http://wn.com/Beautiful_Shelf_Cloud_Moving_In_Muskegon,_MI_June_18th_2012
Blowing in the Wind - Muskegon, MI & The Future of Offshore Wind Generation
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:44
- Updated: 01 Oct 2012
This 12 minute film tells the story of the development of Offshore Wind Generation in Lake Michigan in 2009-2010 including the work of the Governor's GLOW Council, proposals by Scandia Wind, and the resistance posed by some shoreline land owners. It answers the questions "Why Offshore Wind?" "Why Lake Michigan?" and "What unique capacities does the Muskegon area of Michigan bring to this new industry?"
http://wn.com/Blowing_in_the_Wind_Muskegon,_MI_The_Future_of_Offshore_Wind_Generation
Last GTW Steam Locomotives in Muskegon Michigan 1957 & 1961.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:30
- Updated: 19 Apr 2012
View a slide show with big band music and see GTW Pacific type 4-6-2 #'s 5627 and 6323 In Muskegon Michigan in 1957 and August of 1961. See the 6323 as it travels east bound along Laketon Avenue towards Simpson Jct. The 6323 will cross Laketon Ave then head south to "Shaw Jct" where it will head East on the Pennsylvania tracks (The GTW used the PRR to gain access to Muskegon) to Marne MIch where it will join the Grand Haven line at "Penn Jct". Then east to Grand Rapids crossing the Grand River and ending up at Durand Mich. The 5627 had a famous sister. Dick Jensen's 5629 which was one of the main steam excursion engines along with steamer off the CB&Q.; An unresolved dispute between Metra and Mr Jenson resulted in Metra scrapping the 5629. See the 5629 in service and it's scrapping at the Metra Blue Island (ex Rock Island Yard). I was only three years old at the time the 1957 photos were taken.I do not remember these. But I do remember the 6323 in August of 1961. Liability was NOT an issue and my Dad & I were free to climb all over the engine. My Dad asked permission to do so. He received it. Likely because the GTW guys knew the PM/C&O; guys.The whole experience was frightening for a 7 year old child. My dad stepped on a floor pedal and the "Butterfly" firebox doors swung open. He asked me to look inside. The heat was unbearable in this white hot coal fire. I was scared. If that weren't enough, we climbed on the tender. When I got to the rear platform, The engineer blew two ...
http://wn.com/Last_GTW_Steam_Locomotives_in_Muskegon_Michigan_1957_1961
The Lake Express Car Ferry leaving Muskegon, MI
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:23
- Updated: 04 Oct 2012
The Lake Express Car Ferry leaving Muskegon, MI 2007
http://wn.com/The_Lake_Express_Car_Ferry_leaving_Muskegon,_MI
MUSKEGON LUGE COMMERICAL
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:35
- Updated: 17 Feb 2012
:30 Muskegon Luge commerical created by Team Detroit
http://wn.com/MUSKEGON_LUGE_COMMERICAL
libyans - muskegon, michigan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:34
- Updated: 10 Apr 2012
last minute show in the living room in the upstairs of the southern house in Muskegon, Michigan. no idea what date this happened, im guessing sometime in the summer of 07.
http://wn.com/libyans_muskegon,_michigan
Muskegon, Michigan Turtle Fence
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:32
- Updated: 21 Jul 2012
In reply to "Autotune the News #10", this is the famous (infamous?) turtle fence in all of its glory. This video serves no real purpose, but to show the curious what the turtle fence looks like!
http://wn.com/Muskegon,_Michigan_Turtle_Fence
Creative Commons
Creative Commons / Vidor
US Coastguard / PA1 Harry C. Craft III
US Coastguard / PA1 Harry C. Craft III
US Coastguard / PA1 Harry C. Craft III
US Coastguard / PA1 Harry C. Craft III
US Coastguard / PA1 Harry C. Craft III
US Coastguard / PA1 Harry C. Craft III
US Coastguard / PA1 Harry C. Craft III
US Coastguard / PA1 Harry C. Craft III
US Coastguard / PA1 Harry C. Craft III
US Coastguard / PA1 Harry C. Craft III
US Coastguard / PA1 Harry C. Craft III
US Coastguard / PA1 Harry C. Craft III
US Coastguard / PA1 Harry C. Craft III
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European Community / Cwbash
Photo: AP / Themba Hadebe
29 Oct 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. Yesterday while protesting with striking mine workers in South Africa, Mohandas Gandhi was gunned down by heavily armed security forces. Gandhi, who...
Photo: AP / Joseph Kaczmarek
29 Oct 2012
> • TheUnited Stateson Sunday is bracing for the impact of an incredibly large Hurricane Sandy. • Hurricane Center warned residents of mid-Atlantic coast should expect life-threatening storm surges. •...
Photo: US Navy / MCS2 Justin Ailes
27 Oct 2012
MIAMI (Reuters) - Hurricane Sandy pulled away from the Bahamas on Saturday after killing at least 41 people in the Caribbean, beginning a slow march toward the U.S. East Coast where it threatens to...
Photo: AP / Robert F. Bukaty
28 Oct 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling Even though Maine's Governor, Paul LePage, apologized for making comments for comparing the Affordable Health Care Act and Internal Revenue Service (IRS)...
Photo: AP / Charles Dharapak
28 Oct 2012
The 12-year-old daughter of Florida Sen. Marco Rubio has been airlifted to Miami Children's Hospital after a Saturday motor vehicle accident. The Republican senator was notified of the accident while...
The Unholy Alliance Against Online Learning
29 Oct 2012
Bloomberg
I am teaching my college course in American economic history the same way I did 47 years ago, which is similar to the way Socrates taught 2,400 years ago. I am far from unique. There is nothing wrong with this, but the lack of productivity improvements in higher education today helps explain the...(size: 8.5Kb)
The Business Review
Minneapolis / St. Paul Business Journal by Ed Stych, Web Producer Date: Monday, October 29, 2012, 6:00pm CDT...(size: 9.9Kb)
Taylor Swift will paint the country RED in 2013
29 Oct 2012
The Examiner
Related topics Concert ToursTaylor SwiftTaylor Swift RedTaylor Swift Tour Dates Advertisement Taylor Swift has been everywhere this past week in promotion for her album Red that was released on October 22nd. Taylor has announced her 2013 tour to support the album. The RED Tour will include 58 shows...(size: 8.0Kb)
What we learned, week eight
29 Oct 2012
The Examiner
Related topics 2012 Nebraska Cornhuskers footballRose Bowl Advertisement Unlike last week, I actually watched the entire Husker win over Michigan. As long as they have the lead, what’s not to like, right? I’ve already learned never to turn away from the screen, because you could miss something huge....(size: 9.2Kb)
The Examiner
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Detroit Free Press
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Huffington Post
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Lexington Herald-Leader
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| Muskegon, Michigan | |
|---|---|
| — City — | |
| Nickname(s): "Lumbertown" "Port City" "Lumber Queen of the World" "Skeetown" (informal) |
|
 |
|
| Coordinates: 43°14′03″N 86°14′54″W / 43.23417°N 86.24833°W / 43.23417; -86.24833 | |
| Country |  United States |
| State |  Michigan |
| County | Muskegon |
| Government | |
| • Type | Commission-Manager |
| • Mayor | Steve Warmington |
| • City Manager | Brian Mazade |
| Area | |
| • City | 18.0 sq mi (46.7 km2) |
| • Land | 14.4 sq mi (37.2 km2) |
| • Water | 3.7 sq mi (9.5 km2) |
| Elevation | 617 ft (191.4 m) |
| Population (2010) | |
| • City | 38,401 |
| • Density | 2,674/sq mi (1,032.3/km2) |
| • Urban | 154,729 |
| • Metro | 172,188 |
| Time zone | EST (UTC-5) |
| • Summer (DST) | EDT (UTC-4) |
| ZIP codes | 49440-49445 |
| Area code(s) | 231 |
| FIPS code | 26-56320[1] |
| GNIS feature ID | 1620963[2] |
| Website | http://www.muskegon-mi.gov/ |
Muskegon (mus-kēg'n) is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 38,401. The city is the county seat of Muskegon County.[3] The city is located at the southwest corner of Muskegon Township, but is administratively autonomous.
Muskegon is the greater populated of two principal cities in the Muskegon-Norton Shores Metropolitan Statistical Area, which has a population of 172,188 as of 2010. It is further included in the larger Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland Combined Statistical Area (CSA) with a population of 1,321,557.[4]
Muskegon is the largest city on the eastern shores of Lake Michigan.
Contents |
Geography and climate[link]
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 18.0 square miles (46.7 km²), of which, 14.4 square miles (37.2 km²) of it is land and 3.7 square miles (9.5 km²) of it (20.37%) is water. The city is adjacent to two bodies of water: Lake Michigan to the west and Muskegon Lake to the north. The Muskegon River empties into Muskegon Lake at the city's northeast end.
| Climate data for Muskegon, Michigan | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 63 (17) |
67 (19) |
80 (27) |
86 (30) |
93 (34) |
98 (37) |
96 (36) |
99 (37) |
95 (35) |
83 (28) |
76 (24) |
64 (18) |
99 (37) |
| Average high °F (°C) | 29.8 (−1.2) |
32.5 (0.3) |
42.5 (5.8) |
54.6 (12.6) |
67.0 (19.4) |
75.6 (24.2) |
80.0 (26.7) |
78.1 (25.6) |
70.3 (21.3) |
58.7 (14.8) |
45.6 (7.6) |
34.6 (1.4) |
55.78 (13.21) |
| Average low °F (°C) | 17.1 (−8.3) |
18.3 (−7.6) |
25.4 (−3.7) |
35.1 (1.7) |
45.1 (7.3) |
54.2 (12.3) |
59.8 (15.4) |
58.8 (14.9) |
50.7 (10.4) |
40.6 (4.8) |
31.8 (−0.1) |
22.6 (−5.2) |
38.29 (3.50) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −13 (−25) |
−19 (−28) |
−10 (−23) |
1 (−17) |
22 (−6) |
31 (−1) |
39 (4) |
36 (2) |
27 (−3) |
21 (−6) |
−14 (−26) |
−15 (−26) |
−19 (−28) |
| Precipitation inches (mm) | 2.22 (56.4) |
1.58 (40.1) |
2.36 (59.9) |
2.91 (73.9) |
2.95 (74.9) |
2.58 (65.5) |
2.32 (58.9) |
3.77 (95.8) |
3.52 (89.4) |
2.80 (71.1) |
3.23 (82) |
2.64 (67.1) |
32.88 (835.2) |
| Snowfall inches (cm) | 0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
||||||||
| Avg. snowy days | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | ||||||||
| Source no. 1: NOAA (normals 1971−2000),[5] HKO (sun only, 1961−1990) [6] | |||||||||||||
| Source no. 2: ThreadEx (extremes 1892−2010) [7] | |||||||||||||
Source: USTravelWeather.com[8] |}
Geographic features[link]
- Bear Lake
- Muskegon Lake
- Mona Lake
- Lake Michigan
Demographics[link]
As of the census[1] of 2000 [1], there were 40,105 people, 14,569 households, and 8,537 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,794.5 per square mile (1,079.1/km²). There were 15,999 housing units at an average density of 1,114.8 per square mile (430.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 57.9% White, 31.7% African American, 2.3% Native American, 0.46% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 2.69% from other races, and 3.50% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any origins were 6.4% of the population.
There were 14,569 households out of which 31.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 33.2% were married couples living together, 20.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.4% were non-families. 34.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 3.13.
In the city the population was spread out with 25.8% under the age of 18, 11.6% from 18 to 24, 32.2% from 25 to 44, 18.0% from 45 to 64, and 12.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females there were 109.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.3 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $27,929, and the median income for a family was $32,640. Males had a median income of $29,114 versus $22,197 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,283. About 16.8% of families and 20.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.6% of those under age 18 and 14.3% of those age 65 or over.
History[link]
 |
This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability. |
Human occupation of the Muskegon area goes back seven or eight thousand years to the nomadic Paleo-Indian hunters who occupied the area following the retreat of the Wisconsonian glaciations. The Paleo-Indians were succeeded by several stages of woodland Indian developments, the most notable of whom were the Hopewellian type-tradition, which occupied this area, perhaps two thousand years ago.
During historic times, the Muskegon area was inhabited by various bands of the Ottawa and Pottawatomi Indian tribes. Perhaps the best remembered of the Indian inhabitants of the area was Ottawa Indian Chief, Pendalouan. A leading participant in the French-inspired annihilation of the Fox Indians of Illinois in the 1730s, he and his people lived in the Muskegon vicinity during the 1730s and 1740s, until induced by the French to move the settlement to the Traverse Bay area in 1742.
"Muskegon" is derived from the Ottawa Indian term "Masquigon" meaning "marshy river or swamp".[9] The "Masquigon" river was identified on French maps dating from the late seventeenth century, suggesting that French explorers had reached Michigan's western coast by that time.
Father Jacques Marquette traveled northward through the area on his fateful trip to St. Ignace in 1675 and a party of French soldiers under La Salle's lieutenant, Henry de Tonty, passed through the area in 1679.
The earliest known Euro-American resident of the county was Edward Fitzgerald, a fur trader and trapper who first came to the Muskegon area in 1748 and who died here, reportedly being buried in the vicinity of White Lake. Sometime between 1790 and 1800, a French-Canadian trader named Joseph La Framboise established a fur trading post at the mouth of Duck Lake. Between 1810 and 1820, several French Canadian fur traders, including Lamar Andie, Jean Baptiste Recollect, and Pierre Constant had established fur trading posts around Muskegon Lake.
In 1830 Muskegon was an Ottawa village.[10]
Euro-American settlement of Muskegon began in earnest in 1837, which coincided with the beginning of the exploitation of the area's extensive timber resources. The commencement of the lumber industry in 1837 inaugurated what some regard as the most romantic era in the history of the region.
Commerce and industry[link]
Major employers[link]
- Alcoa-Howmet Castings (Whitehall, MI, formerly Misco) - Aerospace components manufacturing<
- L3 Communications (formerly Teledyne) - Armored vehicle manufacturing
- GE Aviation - Muskegon, (formerly Johnson Technology) - Turbine engine components manufacturing
- Kaydon Corp - Precision Bearings
- Consumers Energy - Coal-fired power plant
- Mahle (Formerly Dana (formerly Sealed Power)) - Piston Rings - Aerospace
- Brunswick - Bowling products
- West Michigan Steel
- Wesco, inc. (Headquarters)
- Cannon-Muskegon Corporation - Specialty alloys
- Cole's Foods - Frozen Foods
- Nugent Sand
- Michigan's Adventure - Amusement Park
- Reid Supply Company
- Great Lakes Die Cast (formerly Dilesco)
- Anderson Global (Formerly Anderson Pattern)
- Mercy Health - Member of Trinity Health
- Century Foundry
- Knoll Inc.
- Port City Group
- Meijer
- SAF-Holland - Muskegon (Formerly Neway Equipment Company) - Comercial vehicle axles, suspensions and coupling devices
Shopping[link]
 |
This section's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia. Specific concerns may be found on the talk page. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for suggestions. (December 2007) |
Major shopping districts in the Muskegon area include:
- Lakeside: Lakeside is home to the Lake Express, a ferry that crosses Lake Michigan to and from Wisconsin, and currently the center of tourist based retail shopping. Lakeside features "wonderful attractions" such as an art gallery, and the Lakeside Emporium candy store. It also features restaurants which give people a feel for the local color and flavor that makes Lakeside a distinct area of the city. The area, together with the downtown and surrounding neighborhoods, is considered by many to be the 'spiritual heart' of Muskegon and has long been home to many of the city's leading residents and businesses. Lakeside is home to the Muskegon Recreation Club, the oldest chartered fraternal organization in the State of Michigan. First chartered in 1902 and still in the same location, it's famous for its perch fries.
- Henry St.: Henry Street from Seminole Rd. to Sherman Blvd. is a corridor and is anchored at Norton Ave. by Meijer and the nearby Wal-Mart. The Sherman Blvd. end features a Home Depot and a Walgreens. Throughout the street are several strip malls and chain restaurants.
- Downtown: Formerly the location of the Muskegon Mall, an experiment in 1970s city revitalization which saw the existing downtown infrastructure altered and covered by a glass-and-metal construct. The Muskegon Mall began to fail in the 1990s and was officially shuttered in 2002, and razed in 2004. Today, a major redevelopment effort involving government, business, and citizen interests is in place to restore the downtown portion of the city. At the moment, the downtown area features the beginning of a retail shopping experience and has many restaurants and features two full-service hotels. During warm months, the downtown area also features a large Farmers' Market dedicated to showcasing the best in locally-grown foods, flowers, nursery stock, handicrafts and baked goods. There are also many historic buildings and cultural attractions, including the famed Frauenthal Theatre; Muskegon Museum of Art; the Robert Hunt Sculpture, "Muskegon Rising"; Hackley and Hume Historic Site; and Hackley Library.
- Apple Avenue: Apple Avenue shopping is a shared corridor between the City of Muskegon and Muskegon Township. On the city side, stores such as K-Mart, Family Dollar, and the Muskegon Laundromat provide retail options to residents on the east side of the city. There are also many popular dining options in the nearby area. East of US 31 is one of the area's fastest growing shopping areas, supporting the population growth of the eastern side of the metro area.
- East Sherman Blvd.: Just east of US 31, the area is home to Sam's Club, Wal-Mart and Lowes. East Sherman Blvd. also features a few strip mall developments, a motel, and several chain eateries.
- Harvey St. Corridor: This is a relatively newly developed area in Fruitport Township near the intersection of US 31 and I-96. This has become the main retail area in the county. Highlighted by The Lakes Mall, it features the typical mix of big box retailers, national chain restaurants (Red Lobster, Logan's, Red Robin, Texas Roadhouse, Olive Garden, Bob Evans, Perkin's, Brann's, Buffalo Wild Wings) and stores (Kohl's Department Stores, Menards, Best Buy). New to this area is Target. Target recently relocated from the East Sherman Blvd. shopping area.
- Wood St. Corridor: This area is filled with many local entrepreneurs and freelance distributors. It is a good place to go to find items you would not find in most stores. It runs from Jackson Hill to the north to Laketon Avenue in the south. Locals commonly refer to the area as the "Woo".
Government and infrastructure[link]
The Michigan Department of Corrections operates the Muskegon Correctional Facility in southeastern Muskegon. The prison first opened in 1974.[11]
The United States Postal Service operates the Muskegon Post Office.[12]
Education[link]
Muskegon Public Schools was founded in 1860 and serves students from preschool through 12th grade. Additionally, it runs the Muskegon Museum of Art and the Muskegon Training and Education Center. In addition to Muskegon Public Schools, the anchor district for the city, there are several other public K-12 schools. These include Mona Shores, Reeths-Puffer, North Muskegon, Fruitport, Orchard View, Oakridge, and Muskegon Heights. As well as private K-12 schools: Muskegon Catholic Central, Fruitport Calvary Christian, and Western Michigan Christian.
In 2010, North Muskegon High School was noted as the top performing public school in the State of Michigan by the state Department of Education.[13]
On a side note, many of these schools are noted throughout the state for high school sports. Muskegon High School ranks first in the state of Michigan, and in the top 15 nationally in all-time football victories, Muskegon Orchard View, Muskegon Oakridge and Muskegon Catholic Central have been perennial powerhouses in MHSAA football playoffs. Muskegon is a city known for their high school football. Muskegon Heights and Western Michigan Christian rank among the top schools in total boys basketball crowns. Mona Shores has emerged as a regular player in the MHSAA Hockey Final Four.
The City of Muskegon is also served by Muskegon Community College and Baker College.
Grand Valley State University's Muskegon Campus is home to the Michigan Alternative and Renewable Energy Center (MAREC) and Annis Water Resources Institute (AWRI) inside the Lake Michigan Center located in downtown Muskegon.
Western Michigan University, Ferris State University, and Grand Valley State University all operate programs out of the Stevenson Center for Higher Education on the campus of Muskegon Community College. It is designed so that an undergrad at MCC may transfer to any of the above schools and complete a bachelors and/or masters degree without having to leave Muskegon.
Culture and recreation[link]
Music and fine arts[link]
Muskegon is home to Blue Lake Fine Arts Camp, located in the Manistee National Forest in the town of Twin Lake.
Once a movie house, the Frauenthal Center for the Performing Arts includes two theatres (the main Frauenthal house and the smaller Beardsley Theatre in the adjoining Hilt Building). It reopened 11 years ago, and runs JAM Theatrical productions, Muskegon Civic Theatre productions, is home of the West Shore Symphony Orchestra, is the venue for all Muskegon Community Concert Association events, and used to be home to the now-defunct Cherry County Playhouse.
Muskegon also has one the of founding chapters of the Barbershop Harmony Society.
Muskegon also houses a moderate-sized private collection of fine art in the Muskegon Museum of Art.
Festivals[link]
File:Uspo muskegon.jpg
The United States Post Office in Muskegon, 1904.
Muskegon Summer Celebration was an eleven-day festival, held during the July 4 holiday every year, that brought national music acts of all backgrounds to the shore of Muskegon Lake at Heritage Landing. Also included was the Muskegon Art Fair, street fair, Village Craft Market, and the carnival rides. A new festival is being planned to replace Summer Celebration in 2012.[citation needed]
Muskegon Bike Time will be held July 15–17, 2011. From the website: Over 35,000 bikes (with 38 states and Canada represented) and 90,000 people visited the lakeshore community of Muskegon, Michigan for the event in 2010.
The Muskegon Motorcycle Club, organized in 1920, host the Hill Climb every other year, an American Motorcycle Association (AMA) sanctioned race.
The Muskegon Film Festival is held in May.
Each August, the Unity Christian Music Festival takes place at Heritage Landing. In May, Rock the Coast takes place at Michigan's Adventure. Both are organized by Alive on the Lakeshore.
In September, the Michigan Irish Music Festival brings renown Celtic musicians to Heritage Landing on the shore of Muskegon Lake. In addition to music, Irish food, beverages, merchandise and cultural exhibits contribute to the appeal of this event. The Michigan Feis (Irish Dance competition) is affiliated and is held at Muskegon Catholic Central High School.
In early October, the International Buster Keaton Society visit Muskegon to host their annual convention. The event features public showings of Keaton films at the Frauenthal Theater.
Museums and theater[link]
Broadway at the Frauenthal (Fall through Spring), brings big-time Broadway musicals to Muskegon. Muskegon is also home to Muskegon Museum of Art and West Shore Symphony Orchestra. The Muskegon Community Concert Association provides concerts from September through May.
Muskegon County Museum and Hackley & Hume Historic Site: Mansions built by Muskegon's lumber barons themselves are restored to their old glory and open to the public. The mansions are operated with the Muskegon County Museum, which details the grand, rich history of Muskegon County, from the Pottawatomi and Ottawa Native American tribes and lakeside fur traders to the Lumber Queen of the World to today. Also includes science and nature exhibits.
The Muskegon Museum of Art deservedly is touted as one of the finest art museums in the Midwest. Among the highlights of its permanent collection is Tornado Over Kansas, by John Steuart Curry (one of three leading painters, along with Grant Wood and Thomas Hart Benton, identified as Regionalists and known for their canvases celebrating the rural Midwest.)[14]
Muskegon is also the home of the Great Lakes Naval Memorial and Museum, which features the USS Silversides, a World War II submarine; the USS LST-393, a World War II amphibious landing ship; and the USCGC McLane, a Prohibition-era United States Coast Guard cutter.
In addition, Muskegon also berths the legendary S.S. Milwaukee Clipper, a former car ferry that traveled the same route as Lake Express does today. The ship (which is a National Historic Landmark) is in the middle of a long process of being restored to its original form, but in the mean time is open for tours and hosts a museum aboard the vessel with information on both the Milwaukee Clipper, as well as the history of Maritime in Muskegon. Muskegon's entire history surrounds around being a port for commerce or travel, and this is an image the city has embraced.
- Carr-Fles Planetarium, Muskegon
The Muskegon Area Sports Hall of Fame exhibits, detailing the area's rich athletic past, are on display at the L.C. Walker Arena.
Camerata Singers, a professional chamber choir, performs at St. Paul's Episcopal Church in downtown Muskegon and other locations in west Michigan.
The Harbor Theater in the lakeside neighborhood is a non profit community theater that shows new Independent, foreign, and classic films. They also host guest speakers presenting films.
Outdoor recreation[link]
Muskegon State Park and Winter Sports Complex with all season Luge run.
P.J. Hoffmaster State Park[15]
Pere Marquette Beach The largest free public beach on the eastern shore of Lake Michigan. Windsurfing, Kite boarding competitions, and professional volleyball tournaments are held here. Its quartz sand beach is a Clean Beaches Counsel certified beach.
Muskegon Lake is a 1st. class Walleye fishery and has many other freshwater species including the Lake Perch. Lake Michigan off Muskegon host large numbers of Coho and Chinook Salmon, Steelhead, and Brown trout, Lake Perch and many other game fish.
Sailing and recreational boating are major summer pastimes with many services and marinas in the area for boats of all sizes.
Muskegon Lakeshore Bike Trail—Bike along the shores of Muskegon Lake to Lake Michigan. There are two trails that consist the Muskegon Bike paths, one runs along the east side of Muskegon and the other along the North side.
Michigan's Adventure, the largest amusement park in the state, is located in Muskegon County, a few miles north of the city of Muskegon. Michigan's Adventure features a midway with roller coasters, general rides, amusements, and a full water park.
Sports[link]
Muskegon has a long history of involvement in professional and nonprofessional sports.
| Club | Sport | League | Venue | Championships |
| Muskegon Lumberjacks | Ice hockey | United States Hockey League | L.C. Walker Arena |
Previous sports teams to play in Muskegon have included:
| Club | Sport | Played from | League | Stadium |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muskegon Lumberjacks/Fury (1992–2010) | Hockey | 1992–2010 | IHL, UHL | L.C. Walker Arena |
| Muskegon Thunder | Indoor football | 2007–2009 | IFL | L.C. Walker Arena |
| Michigan Mayhem | Basketball | 2004–2006 | CBA | L.C. Walker Arena |
| Muskegon Lumberjacks (1984–1992) | Hockey | 1984–1992 | IHL | L.C. Walker Arena |
| Muskegon Mohawks | Hockey | 1965–1984 | IHL | L.C. Walker Arena |
| Muskegon Zephyrs | Hockey | 1960–1965 | IHL | L.C. Walker Arena |
| Muskegon Lassies | Baseball | 1946–1949 | AAGPBL | Marsh Field |
The Chronicle Seaway Run is run every year in late June. It features a 15k race, 5k race, 5k walk for fun, 15k wheelchair race.
Media[link]
- Muskegon's leading newspaper is The Muskegon Chronicle. The Chronicle is a daily newspaper in Muskegon, Michigan owned by Booth Newspapers. It started publication in 1857.
- Muskegon is served by several local television channels:
- WMKG-CA 38 is a low-powered television station serving the area. This station features a homey mix of programming such as television bingo and Dial-A-Bargain. The Dial-A-Bargain show includes a host reading menus from various local eateries. Viewers may then call in and purchase certificates for that particular establishment at 50% off the regular price.
- DSETV-97 is the locally run Government-access television (GATV) cable TV channel based out of City Hall Privately ran by Digital Spectrum Enterprises on Comcast Cable Channel 97. It features Live televised City Hall meetings as well as a long list of locally made television shows showcasing Muskegon. It also is home to Local Sporting events.
- MCCTV-98 is Muskegon Community College's television outlet on Comcast Cable Channel 98.
- WWMT-TV 3 (CBS and CW), WOOD-TV 8 (NBC), WZZM-TV 13 (ABC), WXMI-TV 17 (FOX), WOMS-TV 29 (MNTV), WGVU-TV 35 (PBS), WOTV (ABC), WZPX (ION), and WTLJ-TV 54 (TBN). Green Bay, Milwaukee, South Bend, and Chicago affiliates are also common in the warmer months.
- Comcast holds the local cable franchise.
- The Muskegon area is also served by several radio stations. WUVS-LP 103.7 is a popular urban (hip-hop/R&B) and gospel station with local programming as well as Sunday religious programming and local-based talk. Another local low-powered FM station is WMMT-LP 106.1, owned by the Muskegon Training and Education Center, which airs an Urban Oldies format dubbed "M-TEC 106 FM, Rock 'n' Soul."
- Local radio talk shows include the Ramona Show on WKBZ 1090. On this show the host interviews local small business people. A once-a-week, Friday afternoon show on the same station is called "Talking Muskegon". "Talking Muskegon" is hosted by local celebrity Jon Van Wyke. It features homey conversations about area nightlife, his work life and volunteer activities he is involved with around town. In addition, he talks about conditions backstage at Summer Celebration, his sailboat and the state of the professional hockey team the Muskegon Fury. Usually the show is co-hosted with two of his friends. T
- Other local FM stations include 90.3 WBLV-FM (classical/jazz/NPR), 91.7 WMCQ-FM (religious), WLAW-FM 92.5 ("outlaw" country), WGVS-FM 95.3 (public radio), WWSN FM 97.5 (sports), WLCS-FM 98.3 (oldies), WVIB-FM 100.1 (urban contemporary), WMRR-FM 101.7 (classic rock), WSNX-FM 104.5 (top 40, studios in Grand Rapids), WMUS-FM 106.9 (country), and WMUS FM 107.9 (adult contemporary). Other local AM stations aside from WKBZ include WGVS 850 (NPR), WKLQ 1490 (sports), and WMHG-AM 1600 (adult standards). Other area stations can be received from Grand Haven (WGHN-FM 92.1, adult contemporary), Grand Rapids (WGRD-FM 97.9), Ludington, Holland, Zeeland (WJQK-FM 99.3, Christian pop), and Milwaukee.
- Clear Channel Communications is the major radio-station owner in Muskegon, owning WKBZ-AM, WSHZ-FM, WMUS-FM, WMRR-FM and WMHG-AM, as well as WSNX (although WSNX is considered primarily a Grand Rapids station despite being licensed to Muskegon). Citadel Broadcasting owns WODJ-AM, WLAW-FM, WEFG-FM, WLCS-FM and WVIB-FM.
Transportation[link]
Public transportation is provided by the Muskegon Area Transit System (MATS - "The Shore Line"), which operates nine bus routes, three trolley routes, and a paratransit system[16]
MATS operates the Muskegon Trolley Company. Three routes cover north side, south side, and downtown; each trolley stops at 11 locations, including Hackley and Hume Historic Site, USS Silversides, Muskegon State Park. (Memorial Day-Labor Day, daily; no trips during special events).
Commercial air service is provided by United Airlines at Muskegon County Airport (MKG). Other airlines service the Gerald R. Ford International Airport (GRR) in Grand Rapids.
Muskegon is the Eastern port of the Lake Express High Speed Car Ferry that crosses Lake Michigan to Milwaukee, Wisconsin offering three roundtrips a day in the Summer, and two roundtrips in the Fall. There are many bike paths starting to be built around the area.
Several major highways serve the city, including:
Major roads[link]
Sister cities[link]
Ōmuta capital city of Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan
Hartlepool, England, UK
Antalya, Turkey
Notable current/former residents[link]
Noteworthy[link]
- Joseph Beyrle, only soldier to have served in both the US Army and the Soviet Army in World War II
- John Beyrle, son of Joseph Beyrle, appointed as United States Ambassador to the Russian Federation on May 13, 2008, confirmed July 3, 2008.
- David Leestma, astronaut
- Captain Jonathan Walker, "The Man With Branded Hand", abolitionist
- Nancy Anne Fleming, Miss America 1961
- Vonda Kay Van Dyke, Miss America 1965
- Harry Morgan, Actor in popular M*A*S*H television series.
- Frank Stanton, past president of CBS
- Mark Grimmette, American luger
- Earl Morrall, former NFL quarterback
- Edmund Szoka, Roman Catholic Cardinal and former President of the Governorate of Vatican City State
- Richard Versalle, opera singer
- Gwenneth Bean, opera singer
- Iggy Pop, punk singer
- Carly Jibson, broadway (Hairspray)
- Rocky Marquette Actor known for roles in Shallow Ground and Mortuary
Business and politics[link]
- Charles Hackley (1837–1905), lumber baron, philanthropist (Hackley Hospital, Hackley Library, Hackley Adminsration Building, Hackley Avenue, Hackley Art Gallery, Hackley Park)
- After a gift of $12,000,000 to the community, the city of Muskegon considered changing its name to "Hackleyville"
- Richard Mell, Politician
- Louis Carlisle Walker, industrialist, current namesake of L.C. Walker Arena
Religion[link]
- Edmund Cardinal Szoka, Cardinal, President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State
- Jim Bakker, TV Evangelist
Science and technology[link]
- W. Wesley Peterson, mathematician and computer scientist, best known for inventing the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
- Clara H. Hasse (1880–1926), botanist
The arts[link]
Artists[link]
- Haddon Sundblom, Graphic Arts Designer best known for his images of Santa Claus for Coca-Cola.
Authors[link]
- Laurie Keller, children's book writer and illustrator best known for The Scrambled States of America and Grandpa Gazillion's Number Yard
- Douglas Malloch, poet, author of Michigan, My Michigan
- John Frederick Nims, poet
- Lewis B. Smedes, Theologian and Author
- Verna Aardema Vugteveen, Children's author, winner of the Caldecott Medal in 1976.
- Bob Wood, author of Dodger Dogs to Fenway Franks and Big Ten Country.
Music[link]
 |
This section's factual accuracy is disputed. Please help to ensure that disputed facts are reliably sourced. See the relevant discussion on the talk page. |
- Steve Gorman, drummer, Black Crowes, born in Muskegon.
- Rick Johnson, musician, bass player for Mustard Plug
- Bettye LaVette, soul singer
- Iggy Pop, punk rock icon
- Wayne Static, lead singer and guitarist for industrial metal band, Static-X.
- Bill Szymczyk, musical producer of the Eagles, The Who and others.
- Gerry Teifer, music publisher, songwriter, performer
- Clarence Zylman, the original Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy [17]
Stage[link]
- Buster Keaton, comedian and film director; born in Kansas but spent the summers of his childhood in Muskegon with his family as a member of the Muskegon Actors' Colony. As a vaudevillian who traveled constantly in non-summer months, Keaton always regarded Muskegon as his home town.
- Harry Morgan, actor
- Kate Reinders, Broadway actress known for playing the role of Glinda in Wicked and Caroline in Good Vibrations
Television[link]
- Harry Morgan, versatile stage, film and TV actor best remembered as Colonel Potter on the TV series M*A*S*H (1972–1983)
- J.D. Ryznar, actor/musician, cast member of Acceptable TV showing on VH1
- Frank Stanton, Former President of CBS
- Ondrei Edwards, ANTM 16 contestant
Sports[link]
- Justin Abdelkader – NHL player, Detroit Red Wings
- Curtis Adams – former San Diego Chargers running back
- Beatrice Allard – All-American Girls Professional Baseball League player
- Donna Cook – AAGPBL player
- Doris Cook – AAGPBL player
- Paul Dekker – NFL and CFL player
- Tony Ferguson – winner of Ultimate Fighter Season 13
- Bobby Grich – MLB All-star second baseman for the Baltimore Orioles and California Angels
- Mark Grimmette – Men's double luge, winner of Olympic silver (2002) and bronze (1998) medals
- Trisa Hayes – wrestling manager in Extreme Championship Wrestling
- Mark Hughes – former NCAA basketball player and professional basketball coach
- Ronald Johnson – University of Southern California and San Fransisco 49ers wide receiver
- Mark Konecny – NFL player for the Philadelphia Eagles – Miami Dolphins and New York Jets
- Don Nelson – NBA Basketball Coach
- Ray Newman – MLB pitcher
- Beulah McGillicutty – wrestling manager in Extreme Championship Wrestling
- Nate McLouth – MLB player for the Pittsburgh Pirates
- Ruvell Martin – NFL player for the Seattle Seahawks
- Earl Morrall – former NFL player and three-time Super Bowl winner
- Robert Morse – NFL player for the New Orleans Saints
- Sherman Poppen, inventor of the Snurfer (aka the first snowboard)
- Bennie Oosterbaan – three-time University of Michigan All-American football player and head coach
- Terrance Taylor – Detroit Lions defensive tackle
- Bob Zuppke – University of Illinois Football coach
References[link]
- Muskegon Public Schools. http://www.muskegon.k12.mi.us/. Retrieved July 1, 2005.
- ^ a b "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Muskegon, Michigan
- ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
- ^ Population of Michigan Regions and Statistical Areas, 2000 and 2010, at www.michigan.gov
- ^ "Climatography of the United States No. 20: GRAND RAPIDS INTL AP, MI 1971-2000" (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2004. http://cdo.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim20/mi/203333.pdf. Retrieved 2010-10-27.
- ^ "Climatological Information for Grand Rapids, United States". Hong Kong Observatory. http://www.hko.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/n_america/us/grand_rapids_e.htm. Retrieved 2010-10-27.
- ^ "Thread Stations Extremes". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. http://threadex.rcc-acis.org/. Retrieved 2011−01−29.
- ^ Muskegon Weather|Muskegon Weather Forecast|Muskegon Climate
- ^ Sherman, Elizabeth B. (2003). Beyond the Windswept Dunes: The Story of Maritime Muskegon, p. 2. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. ISBN 0-8143-3127-0.
- ^ Helen Hornbeck Tanner. Atlas of Great Lakes Indian History. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1987) p. 134
- ^ "Muskegon Correctional Facility (MCF). Michigan Department of Corrections. Retrieved on June 3, 2011.
- ^ "Post Office™ Location - MUSKEGON." United States Postal Service. Retrieved on June 3, 2011.
- ^ http://www.mlive.com/news/muskegon/index.ssf/2010/08/north_muskegon_high_school_top.html
- ^ Muskegon Museum of Art, Tornado Over Kansas.
- ^ Michigan DNR on Hoffmaster State Park.
- ^ MATS History
- ^ "Boogie Woogie Reveille". Billboard (Billboard) (Vol 55 No. 14). 1943-04-03. http://books.google.com/books?id=ggwEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA63&dq=muskegon#v=onepage&q=muskegon&f=false. Retrieved 2009-11-04.
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Muskegon, Michigan |
- Muskegon Guide
- Muskegon Chronicle.
- City of Muskegon.
- Muskegon Business Directory.
- Faith Baptist Church of Muskegon.
- Muskegon Convention and Visitor's Bureau
- Muskegon Area Chamber of Commerce.
- Muskegon Area Sports Hall of Fame.
- Muskegon Museum of Art.
- Muskegon, Michigan at the Open Directory Project
- Seven Towns Where Land Is Free; CNBC.com; November 17, 2010
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the U.S. state of Michigan. For other uses, see Michigan (disambiguation).
| State of Michigan | |||||
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| Nickname(s): The Great Lakes State, The Wolverine State, The Mitten State, Water (Winter) Wonderland | |||||
| Motto(s): Si quaeris peninsulam amoenam circumspice (Latin: If you seek a pleasant peninsula, look about you) |
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| Official language(s) | None (English, de-facto) | ||||
| Demonym | Michigander, Michiganian or Yooper (in the Upper Peninsula) | ||||
| Capital | Lansing | ||||
| Largest city | Detroit | ||||
| Largest metro area | Metro Detroit | ||||
| Area | Ranked 11th in the U.S. | ||||
| - Total | 96,716 sq mi (250,493 km2) |
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| - Width | 386[1] miles (621 km) | ||||
| - Length | 456[1] miles (734 km) | ||||
| - % water | 41.5 | ||||
| - Latitude | 41° 41' N to 48° 18' N | ||||
| - Longitude | 82° 7' W to 90° 25' W | ||||
| Population | Ranked 8th in the U.S. | ||||
| - Total | 9,876,187 (2011 est)[2] | ||||
| - Density | 174/sq mi (67.1/km2) Ranked 17th in the U.S. |
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| - Median household income | $44,627 (21st) | ||||
| Elevation | |||||
| - Highest point | Mount Arvon[3][4] 1,979 ft (603 m) |
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| - Mean | 900 ft (270 m) | ||||
| - Lowest point | Lake Erie[3][4] 571 ft (174 m) |
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| Before statehood | Michigan Territory | ||||
| Admission to Union | January 26, 1837 (26th) | ||||
| Governor | Rick Snyder (R) | ||||
| Lieutenant Governor | Brian Calley (R) | ||||
| Legislature | Michigan Legislature | ||||
| - Upper house | Senate | ||||
| - Lower house | House of Representatives | ||||
| U.S. Senators |
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| U.S. House delegation | 9 Republicans 6 Democrats (list) |
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| Time zones | |||||
| - most of state | Eastern: UTC-5/-4 | ||||
| - 4 U.P. counties | Central: UTC-6/-5 | ||||
| Abbreviations | MI Mich. US-MI | ||||
| Website | www.michigan.gov | ||||
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| Animate insignia | |
| Bird(s) | American Robin (Turdus migratorius) |
| Fish | Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) |
| Flower(s) | Apple blossom (Malus domestica) Wildflower: Dwarf Lake Iris (Iris lacustris) |
| Mammal(s) | Unofficial:Wolverine (Gulo gulo luscus) Game animal: White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) |
| Reptile | Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta) |
| Tree | Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus) |
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| Inanimate insignia | |
| Fossil | Mastodon (Mammut americanum) |
| Gemstone | Isle Royale greenstone or Chlorastrolite |
| Rock | Petoskey stone |
| Soil | Kalkaska Sand |
| Song(s) | My Michigan website |
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| State Quarter | |
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| Released in 2004 | |
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| Lists of United States state insignia | |
Michigan (
i/ˈmɪʃɨɡən/) is a state located in the Great Lakes region of the Midwestern United States. The name Michigan is the French form of the Ojibwa word mishigamaa, meaning "large water" or "large lake".[1][5] Michigan is the 8th most populous of the 50 United States, with the 11th most extensive total area. Its capital is Lansing, and the largest city is Detroit. Michigan was admitted into the Union on January 26, 1837 as the 26th state.
Michigan has the longest freshwater coastline of any political subdivision in the world, being bounded by four of the five Great Lakes, plus Lake Saint Clair.[6] Michigan is one of the leading U.S. states for recreational boating.[7] The state has 64,980 inland lakes and ponds.[8] A person in the state is never more than six miles (9.7 km) from a natural water source or more than 85 miles (137 km) from a Great Lakes shoreline.[9] It is the largest state by total area[10] east of the Mississippi River.
Michigan is the only state to consist of two peninsulas. The Lower Peninsula, to which the name Michigan was originally applied, is often noted to be shaped like a mitten. The Upper Peninsula (often referred to as "the U.P.") is separated from the Lower Peninsula by the Straits of Mackinac, a five-mile (8 km) channel that joins Lake Huron to Lake Michigan. The two peninsulas are connected by the Mackinac Bridge. The Upper Peninsula is economically important due to its status as a tourist destination. There is also a variety of natural resources to be found there, including a sizable amount of iron ore.
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History[link]
See also: Timeline of Michigan history and History of Michigan
When the first European explorers arrived, the most populous tribes were Algonquian peoples, which include the Ottawa, the Ojibwe or Anishnabe (called Chippewa in French), and the Potawatomi. The Anishnabe, whose numbers are estimated to have been between 25,000 and 35,000, were the largest.
The Anishnabe were established in Michigan's Upper Peninsula and northern Michigan, and also inhabited northern Ontario, northern Wisconsin, southern Manitoba, and northern and north-central Minnesota. The Ottawa lived primarily south of the Straits of Mackinac in northern and western Michigan, while the Potawatomi were primarily in the southwest. The three nations co-existed peacefully as part of a loose confederation called the Council of Three Fires. Other tribes in Michigan, in the south and east, were the Mascouten, the Menominee, the Miami, and the Wyandot, who are better known by their French name, Huron.
17th century[link]
French voyageurs and coureurs des bois explored and settled in Michigan in the 17th century. The first Europeans to reach what later became Michigan were those of Étienne Brûlé's expedition in 1622. The first permanent European settlement was founded in 1668 on the site where Père Jacques Marquette established Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan as a base for Catholic missions.[11] Missionaries in 1671–75 founded outlying stations at Saint Ignace and Marquette. Jesuit missionaries were well received by the Indian populations in the area, with relatively few difficulties or hostilities. In 1679, Robert Cavelier, Sieur de la Salle built Fort Miami at present-day St. Joseph.
18th century[link]
In 1701, French explorer and army officer Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac founded Fort Pontchartrain du Détroit or "Fort Pontchartrain on-the-Strait" on the strait, known as the Detroit River, between lakes Saint Clair and Erie. Cadillac had convinced King Louis XIV's chief minister, Louis Phélypeaux, Comte de Pontchartrain, that a permanent community there would strengthen French control over the upper Great Lakes and discourage British aspirations.
The hundred soldiers and workers who accompanied Cadillac built a fort enclosing one arpent[12][13] (about 0.85 acres (3,400 m2), the equivalent of just under 200 feet (61 m) per side) and named it Fort Pontchartrain. Cadillac's wife, Marie Thérèse Guyon, soon moved to Detroit, becoming one of the first European women to settle in the Michigan wilderness. The town quickly became a major fur-trading and shipping post. The Église de Saint-Anne (Church of Saint Ann) was founded the same year. While the original building does not survive, the congregation of that name continues to be active today. Cadillac later departed to serve as the French governor of Louisiana from 1710 to 1716.
At the same time, the French strengthened Fort Michilimackinac at the Straits of Mackinac to better control their lucrative fur-trading empire. By the mid-18th century, the French also occupied forts at present-day Niles and Sault Ste. Marie, though most of the rest of the region remained unsettled by Europeans.
From 1660 to the end of French rule, Michigan was part of the Royal Province of New France.[14] In 1759, following the Battle of the Plains of Abraham in the French and Indian War (1754–1763), Québec City fell to British forces. This marked Britain's victory in the Seven Years War. Under the 1763 Treaty of Paris, Michigan and the rest of New France east of the Mississippi River passed to Great Britain.[15]
During the American Revolutionary War, Detroit was an important British supply center. Most of the inhabitants were French-Canadians or Native Americans, many of whom had been allied with the French. Because of imprecise cartography and unclear language defining the boundaries in the 1783 Treaty of Paris, the British retained control of Detroit and Michigan after the American Revolution. When Quebec split into Lower and Upper Canada in 1790, Michigan was part of Kent County, Upper Canada. It held its first democratic elections in August 1792 to send delegates to the new provincial parliament at Newark (now Niagara-on-the-Lake).[16]
Under terms negotiated in the 1794 Jay Treaty, Britain withdrew from Detroit and Michilimackinac in 1796. Questions remained over the boundary for many years, and the United States did not have uncontested control of the Upper Peninsula and Drummond Island until 1818 and 1847, respectively.
19th century[link]
During the War of 1812, Michigan Territory (effectively consisting of Detroit and the surrounding area) was surrendered after a nearly bloodless siege in 1812. An attempt to retake Detroit resulted in a severe American defeat in the River Raisin Massacre. This battle is still the bloodiest ever fought in the state and had the highest number of American casualties of any battle in the war. Ultimately, Michigan was recaptured by Americans in 1813 after the Battle of Lake Erie. An invasion of Canada which culminated in the Battle of the Thames was then launched from Michigan. The more northern areas were held by the British until the peace treaty restored the old boundaries. A number of forts, including Fort Wayne were built in Michigan during the 19th century out of fears of renewed fighting with Britain.
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The population grew slowly until the opening in 1825 of the Erie Canal connecting the Great Lakes and the Hudson River and New York City. The new route brought a large influx of settlers, who became farmers and merchants and shipped out grain, lumber, and iron ore. By the 1830s, Michigan had 80,000 residents, more than enough to apply and qualify for statehood. In October 1835 the people approved the Constitution of 1835, thereby forming a state government, although Congressional recognition was delayed pending resolution of a boundary dispute with Ohio known as the Toledo War. Congress awarded the "Toledo Strip" to Ohio. Michigan received the western part of the Upper Peninsula as a concession and formally entered the Union on January 26, 1837. The Upper Peninsula proved to be a rich source of lumber, iron, and copper. Michigan led the nation in lumber production from the 1850s to the 1880s. Railroads became a major engine of growth from the 1850s onward, with Detroit the chief hub.
The first statewide meeting of the Republican Party took place July 6, 1854 in Jackson, Michigan, where the party adopted its platform. The state was heavily Republican until the 1930s. Michigan made a significant contribution to the Union in the American Civil War and sent more than forty regiments of volunteers to the federal armies.
Modernizers and boosters—especially Yankees set up systems for public education, including founding the University of Michigan (1817; moved to Ann Arbor in 1841), for a classical academic education; and Michigan State Normal School, (1849) now Eastern Michigan University, for the training of teachers. In 1899, it became the first normal college in the nation to offer a four-year curriculum. Michigan Agricultural College (1855), now Michigan State University in East Lansing, was founded as the pioneer land-grant college, a model for those authorized under the Morrill Act (1862). Many other private colleges were founded as well, and the smaller cities formed high schools late in the century.[17]
20th and 21st centuries[link]
See also: History of Ford Motor Company
Michigan's economy underwent a transformation at the turn of the 20th century. Many individuals, including Ransom E. Olds, John and Horace Dodge, Henry Leland, David Dunbar Buick, Henry Joy, Charles King, and Henry Ford, provided the concentration of engineering know-how and technological enthusiasm to start the birth of the automotive industry.[18] Ford's development of the moving assembly line in Highland Park marked the beginning of a new era in transportation. Like the steamship and railroad, it was a far-reaching development. More than the forms of public transportation, the automobile transformed private life. It became the major industry of Detroit and Michigan, and permanently altered the socio-economic life of the United States and much of the world.
With the growth, the auto industry created jobs in Detroit that attracted immigrants from Europe and migrants from across the U.S., including those from the South. By 1920, Detroit was the fourth largest city in the U.S. Residential housing was in short supply, and it took years for the market to catch up with the population boom. By the 1930s, so many immigrants had arrived that more than 30 languages were spoken in the public schools, and ethnic communities celebrated in annual heritage festivals. Over the years immigrants and migrants contributed greatly to Detroit's diverse urban culture, including popular music trends, such as the influential Motown Sound of the 1960s led by a variety of individual singers and groups.
Grand Rapids, the second-largest city in Michigan, is also an important center of manufacturing. Since 1838, the city has also been noted for its furniture industry and is home to five of the world's leading office furniture companies. Grand Rapids is home to a number of major companies including Steelcase, Amway, and Meijer. Grand Rapids is also an important center for GE Aviation Systems.
Michigan held its first United States presidential primary election in 1910. With its rapid growth in industry, it was an important center of union industry-wide organizing, such as the rise of the United Auto Workers.
In 1920 WWJ (AM) in Detroit became the first radio station in the United States to regularly broadcast commercial programs. Throughout that decade, some of the country's largest and most ornate skyscrapers were built in the city. Particularly noteworthy are the Fisher Building, Cadillac Place, and the Guardian Building, each of which is a National Historic Landmark (NHL).
Detroit continued to expand through the 1950s, at one point doubling its population in a decade. After World War II, housing was developed in suburban areas outside city cores; newly constructed U.S. Interstate Highways allowed commuters to navigate the region more easily. Modern advances in the auto industry have resulted in increased automation, high tech industry, and increased suburban growth since 1960.
Michigan is the leading auto-producing state in the U.S., with the industry primarily located throughout the Midwestern United States, Ontario, Canada, and the Southern United States.[19] With almost ten million residents, Michigan is a large and influential state, ranking eighth in population among the fifty states. Detroit is the centrally located metropolitan area of the Great Lakes Megalopolis and the second largest metropolitan area in the U.S. linking the Great Lakes system.
The Metro Detroit area in Southeast Michigan is the largest metropolitan area in the state (roughly 50% of the population resides there) and the eleventh largest in the USA. The Grand Rapids metropolitan area in Western Michigan is the fastest-growing metro area in the state, with over 1.3 million residents as of 2006. Metro Detroit receives more than 15 million visitors each year. Michigan has many popular tourist destinations which include areas such as Traverse City on the Grand Traverse Bay in Northern Michigan. Tourists spend about $17 billion annually in Michigan supporting 193,000 jobs.[20]
Michigan typically ranks third or fourth in overall Research & development (R&D) expenditures in the U.S.[21][22] The state's leading research institutions include the University of Michigan, Michigan State University and Wayne State University which are important partners in the state's economy and the state's University Research Corridor.[23] Michigan's public universities attract more than $1.5 B in research and development grants each year.[24] Agriculture also serves a significant role making the state a leading grower of fruit in the U.S., including blueberries, cherries, apples, grapes, and peaches.[25]
Government[link]
File:71msc 1.jpg
Michigan State Capitol in Lansing
State government[link]
Main article: Government of Michigan
Michigan is governed as a republic, with three branches of government: the executive branch consisting of the Governor of Michigan and the other independently elected constitutional officers; the legislative branch consisting of the House of Representatives and Senate; and the judicial branch consisting of the one court of justice. The state also allows direct participation of the electorate by initiative, referendum, recall, and ratification. Lansing is the state capital and is home to all three branches of state government.
The governor and the other state constitutional officers serve four-year terms and may be re-elected only once. The current governor is Rick Snyder. Michigan has two official Governor's Residences; one is in Lansing, and the other is at Mackinac Island. The other constitutionally elected executive officers are the lieutenant governor, who is elected on a joint ticket with the governor, the secretary of state, and the attorney general. The lieutenant governor presides over the Senate, but only voting when ties occur, and is also a member of the cabinet. The secretary of state is the chief elections officer and is charged with running many licensure programs including motor vehicles, all of which are done through the branch offices of the secretary of state.
The Michigan Legislature consists of a 38-member Senate and 110-member House of Representatives. Senators serve four-year terms and representatives two. The Michigan State Capitol was dedicated in 1879 and has hosted the state's executive and legislative branches ever since.
Law[link]
The Michigan Court System consists of two courts with primary jurisdiction (the Circuit Courts and the District Courts), one intermediate level appellate court (the Michigan Court of Appeals), and the Michigan Supreme Court. There are several administrative courts and specialized courts. The Michigan Constitution provides for voter initiative and referendum (Article II, § 9,[26] defined as "the power to propose laws and to enact and reject laws, called the initiative, and the power to approve or reject laws enacted by the legislature, called the referendum. The power of initiative extends only to laws which the legislature may enact under this constitution").
In 1846 Michigan became the first state in the Union, as well as the first English-speaking government in the world,[27][28] to abolish the death penalty. Historian David Chardavoyne has suggested that the movement to abolish capital punishment in Michigan grew as a result of enmity toward the state's neighbor, Canada. Under British rule, it made public executions a regular practice.
Politics[link]
See also: Elections in Michigan and Political party strength in Michigan
Voters in the state elect candidates from both major parties. Economic issues are important in Michigan elections. The three-term Republican Governor John Engler (1991–2003) preceded the former two-term Democratic Governor Jennifer Granholm (2003–2011). The state has elected successive Republican attorneys general twice since 2003. The Republican Party has won a majority in both the House and Senate of the current Michigan Legislature (2011–present). Michigan supported the election of Republican Presidents Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush. The current Governor Rick Snyder (2011–present) is a Republican.
| Year | Republicans | Democrats |
|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 40.89% 2,048,639 | 57.33% 2,872,579 |
| 2004 | 47.81% 2,313,746 | 51.23% 2,479,183 |
| 2000 | 46.14% 1,953,139 | 51.28% 2,170,418 |
| 1996 | 38.48% 1,481,212 | 51.69% 1,989,653 |
| 1992 | 36.38% 1,554,940 | 43.77% 1,871,182 |
| 1988 | 53.57% 1,965,486 | 45.67% 1,675,783 |
| 1984 | 59.23% 2,251,571 | 40.24% 1,529,638 |
| 1980 | 48.99% 1,915,225 | 42.50% 1,661,532 |
| 1976 | 51.83% 1,893,742 | 46.44% 1,696,714 |
| 1972 | 56.20% 1,961,721 | 41.81% 1,459,435 |
| 1968 | 41.46% 1,370,665 | 48.18% 1,593,082 |
| 1964 | 33.10% 1,060,152 | 66.70% 2,136,615 |
| 1960 | 48.84% 1,620,428 | 50.85% 1,687,269 |
However, the state has supported Democrats in the last five presidential election cycles. In 2008, Barack Obama carried the state over John McCain, winning Michigan's 17 electoral votes with 57% of the vote. Democrats have won each of the last three, nine of the last ten, and 15 of the last 18 U.S. Senate elections in Michigan with confidence on national economic issues posing a challenge. Republican strength is greatest in the western, northern, and rural parts of the state, especially in the Grand Rapids area. Republicans also perform well in select areas of suburban Detroit, namely in affluent suburbs like the Grosse Pointe communities, Bloomfield Township, Northville Township, and Novi, as well as in communities with large upper middle-class populations like Rochester Hills. Democrats have performed strongest in urban parts of the state, in cities like Detroit, Ann Arbor, Flint, and Lansing; they have also performed strongly in areas of suburban Detroit, namely in inner, working-class suburbs like Lincoln Park and Eastpointe; African American-majority suburbs like Southfield, Oak Park, and River Rouge; and other suburbs like West Bloomfield Township and Farmington Hills, which both have large Jewish and African-American populations, and suburbs of the Woodward Corridor, like Royal Oak, Berkley, Ferndale, and Huntington Woods are heavily Democratic voting blocs. Other suburbs, like middle-class Sterling Heights, lower middle- to middle-class St. Clair Shores, and Allen Park, are politically competitive for members of both parties.[30]
Metropolitan Detroit, with approximately one-half of the state's population, remains a substantial factor in affecting its elections and political culture more broadly. Overall, Wayne County, where Detroit is located, remains heavily Democratic and voted 74% for Barack Obama and 25% for John McCain. Oakland County, with a moderate political culture, has increasingly shifted towards support for Democratic presidential candidates, and Macomb County, once a bastion of support for Democratic New-Deal politics, has shifted towards becoming an intense political battleground.[31]
Historically, the first county-level meeting of the Republican Party took place in Jackson on July 6, 1854,[32] and the party thereafter dominated Michigan until the Great Depression. In the 1912 election, Michigan was one of the six states to support progressive Republican and third-party candidate Theodore Roosevelt for president after he lost the Republican nomination to William Howard Taft.
Michigan remained fairly reliably Republican at the presidential level for much of the 20th century. It was part of Greater New England, the northern tier of states settled chiefly by migrants from New England who carried their culture with them. The state was one of only a handful to back Wendell Willkie over Franklin Roosevelt in 1940, and supported Thomas E. Dewey in his losing bid against Harry S. Truman in 1948. Michigan went to the Democrats in presidential elections during the 1960s, and voted for Republican Richard Nixon in 1972.
Michigan was the home of Gerald Ford, the 38th President of the United States. He was born in Nebraska and moved as an infant to Grand Rapids and grew up there.[33][34] The Gerald R. Ford Museum is located in Grand Rapids, and the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library is located on the campus of his alma mater, the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor.
Michigan does not recognize or perform same-sex marriages or other unions involving same-sex couples under a 2004 state constitutional amendment.
Administrative divisions[link]
Main article: Administrative divisions of Michigan
See also: List of Michigan county seats, List of counties in Michigan, and List of municipalities in Michigan (by population)
State government is decentralized among three tiers – statewide, county and township. Counties are administrative divisions of the state, and townships are administrative divisions of a county. Both of them exercise state government authority, localized to meet the particular needs of their jurisdictions, as provided by state law. There are 83 counties in Michigan.
Cities, state universities, and villages are vested with home rule powers of varying degrees. Home rule cities can generally do anything that is not prohibited by law. The fifteen state universities have broad power and can do anything within the parameters of their status as educational institutions that is not prohibited by the state constitution. Villages, by contrast, have limited home rule and are not completely autonomous from the county and township in which they are located.
There are two types of township in Michigan: general law township and charter. Charter township status was created by the Legislature in 1947 and grants additional powers and stream-lined administration in order to provide greater protection against annexation by a city. As of April 2001, there were 127 charter townships in Michigan. In general, charter townships have many of the same powers as a city but without the same level of obligations. For example, a charter township can have its own fire department, water and sewer department, police department, and so on—just like a city—but it is not required to have those things, whereas cities must provide those services. Charter townships can opt to use county-wide services instead, such as deputies from the county sheriff's office instead of a home-based force of ordinance officers.
Geography[link]
Further information: Geography of Michigan, Protected areas of Michigan, and List of Michigan state parks
Michigan consists of two peninsulas that lie between 82°30' to about 90°30' west longitude, and are separated by the Straits of Mackinac. The 45th parallel north runs through the state—marked by highway signs and the Polar-Equator Trail[35]—along a line including Mission Point Light near Traverse City, the towns of Gaylord and Alpena in the Lower Peninsula and Menominee in the Upper Peninsula. With the exception of two small areas that are drained by the Mississippi River by way of the Wisconsin River in the Upper Peninsula and by way of the Kankakee-Illinois River in the Lower Peninsula, Michigan is drained by the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence watershed and is the only state with the majority of its land thus drained.
The Great Lakes that border Michigan from east to west are Lake Erie, Lake Huron, Lake Michigan and Lake Superior. It has more lighthouses than any other state. The state is bounded on the south by the states of Ohio and Indiana, sharing land and water boundaries with both. Michigan's western boundaries are almost entirely water boundaries, from south to north, with Illinois and Wisconsin in Lake Michigan; then a land boundary with Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula, that is principally demarcated by the Menominee and Montreal Rivers; then water boundaries again, in Lake Superior, with Wisconsin and Minnesota to the west, capped around by the Canadian province of Ontario to the north and east.
The heavily forested Upper Peninsula is relatively mountainous in the west. The Porcupine Mountains, which are part of one of the oldest mountain chains in the world,[36] rise to an altitude of almost 2,000 feet (610 m) above sea level and form the watershed between the streams flowing into Lake Superior and Lake Michigan. The surface on either side of this range is rugged. The state's highest point, in the Huron Mountains northwest of Marquette, is Mount Arvon at 1,979 feet (603 m). The peninsula is as large as Connecticut, Delaware, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island combined but has fewer than 330,000 inhabitants. They are sometimes called "Yoopers" (from "U.P.'ers"), and their speech (the "Yooper dialect") has been heavily influenced by the numerous Scandinavian and Canadian immigrants who settled the area during the lumbering and mining boom of the late 19th century.
The Lower Peninsula is shaped like a mitten and many residents hold up a hand to depict where they are from.[37] It is 277 miles (446 km) long from north to south and 195 miles (314 km) from east to west and occupies nearly two-thirds of the state's land area. The surface of the peninsula is generally level, broken by conical hills and glacial moraines usually not more than a few hundred feet tall. It is divided by a low water divide running north and south. The larger portion of the state is on the west of this and gradually slopes toward Lake Michigan. The highest point in the Lower Peninsula is either Briar Hill at 1,705 feet (520 m), or one of several points nearby in the vicinity of Cadillac. The lowest point is the surface of Lake Erie at 571 feet (174 m).
The geographic orientation of Michigan's peninsulas makes for a long distance between the ends of the state. Ironwood, in the far western Upper Peninsula, lies 630 highway miles (1,015 km) from Lambertville in the Lower Peninsula's southeastern corner. The geographic isolation of the Upper Peninsula from Michigan's political and population centers makes the U.P. culturally and economically distinct. Occasionally U.P. residents have called for secession from Michigan and establishment as a new state to be called "Superior".
A feature of Michigan that gives it the distinct shape of a mitten is the Thumb. This peninsula projects out into Lake Huron and the Saginaw Bay. The geography of the Thumb is mainly flat with a few rolling hills. Other peninsulas of Michigan include the Keweenaw Peninsula, making up the Copper Country region of the state. The Leelanau Peninsula lies in the Northern Lower Michigan region. See Also Michigan Regions
Numerous lakes and marshes mark both peninsulas, and the coast is much indented. Keweenaw Bay, Whitefish Bay, and the Big and Little Bays De Noc are the principal indentations on the Upper Peninsula. The Grand and Little Traverse, Thunder, and Saginaw bays indent the Lower Peninsula. Michigan has the second longest shoreline of any state—3,288 miles (5,292 km),[38] including 1,056 miles (1,699 km) of island shoreline.[39]
The state has numerous large islands, the principal ones being the North Manitou and South Manitou, Beaver, and Fox groups in Lake Michigan; Isle Royale and Grande Isle in Lake Superior; Marquette, Bois Blanc, and Mackinac islands in Lake Huron; and Neebish, Sugar, and Drummond islands in St. Mary's River. Michigan has about 150 lighthouses, the most of any U.S. state. The first lighthouses in Michigan were built between 1818 and 1822. They were built to project light at night and to serve as a landmark during the day to safely guide the passenger ships and freighters traveling the Great Lakes. See Lighthouses in the United States.
The state's rivers are generally small, short and shallow, and few are navigable. The principal ones include the Detroit River, St. Marys River, and St. Clair River which connect the Great Lakes; the Au Sable, Cheboygan, and Saginaw, which flow into Lake Huron; the Ontonagon, and Tahquamenon, which flow into Lake Superior; and the St. Joseph, Kalamazoo, Grand, Muskegon, Manistee, and Escanaba, which flow into Lake Michigan. The state has 11,037 inland lakes (totaling 1,305 square miles (3,380 km2) of inland water) in addition to 38,575 square miles (99,910 km2) of Great Lakes waters. No point in Michigan is more than six miles (10 km) from an inland lake or more than 85 miles (137 km) from one of the Great Lakes.[40]
The state is home to a number of areas maintained by the National Park Service including: Isle Royale National Park, located in Lake Superior, about 30 miles (48 km) southeast of Thunder Bay, Ontario. Other national protected areas in the state include: Keweenaw National Historical Park, Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, Huron National Forest, Manistee National Forest, Hiawatha National Forest, Ottawa National Forest and Father Marquette National Memorial. The largest section of the North Country National Scenic Trail passes through Michigan.
With 78 state parks, 19 state recreation areas, and 6 state forests, Michigan has the largest state park and state forest system of any state. These parks and forests include Holland State Park, Mackinac Island State Park, Au Sable State Forest, and Mackinaw State Forest.
Adjacent states and provinces[link]
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Minnesota | Ontario | Ontario | |
| Wisconsin |  |
Ontario | ||
 Michigan East |
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| Illinois & Indiana | Indiana & Ohio | Ohio & Ontario |
Climate[link]
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Michigan has a continental climate, although there are two distinct regions. The southern and central parts of the Lower Peninsula (south of Saginaw Bay and from the Grand Rapids area southward) have a warmer climate (Koppen climate classification Dfa) with hot summers and cold winters. The northern part of Lower Peninsula and the entire Upper Peninsula has a more severe climate (Koppen Dfb), with warm, but shorter summers and longer, cold to very cold winters. Some parts of the state average high temperatures below freezing from December through February, and into early March in the far northern parts. During the winter through the middle of February the state is frequently subjected to heavy lake-effect snow. The state averages from 30–40 inches (76–100 cm) of precipitation annually, however some areas in the northern lower peninsula and the upper peninsula average almost 160" of snowfall per year.[41] Michigan's highest recorded temperature is 112 °F (44 °C) at Mio on July 13, 1936 and the coldest recorded temperature is −51 °F (−46 °C) at Vanderbilt on February 9, 1934.[42]
The entire state averages 30 days of thunderstorm activity per year. These can be severe, especially in the southern part of the state. The state averages 17 tornadoes per year, which are more common in the extreme southern portion of the state. Portions of the southern border have been nearly as vulnerable historically as parts of Tornado Alley. For this reason, many communities in the very southern portions of the state are equipped with tornado sirens to warn residents of approaching tornadoes. Farther north, in the Upper Peninsula, tornadoes are rare.[43]
| Monthly Normal High and Low Temperatures For Other Michigan Cities in °F(°C) | ||||||||||||
| City | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flint | 29/13
(−2/−11) |
32/15
(0/−9) |
43/24
(6/−4) |
56/35
(13/2) |
69/45
(21/7) |
78/55
(26/13) |
82/59
(28/15) |
80/57
(27/14) |
72/49
(22/9) |
60/39
(16/4) |
46/30
(8/−1) |
34/19
(1/−7) |
| Grand Rapids | 29/16
(−2/−9) |
33/17
(1/−8) |
43/26
(6/−3) |
57/36
(14/2) |
70/47
(21/8) |
78/56
(26/13) |
82/60
(28/16) |
80/59
(27/15) |
72/51
(22/11) |
60/40
(11/4) |
46/31
(8/−1) |
34/21
(1/−6) |
| Muskegon | 30/17
(−1/−8) |
32/18
(0/−8) |
42/25
(6/−4) |
55/35
(13/2) |
67/45
(19/7) |
76/54
(24/12) |
80/60
(27/16) |
78/59
(26/15) |
70/51
(21/11) |
59/41
(15/5) |
46/32
(8/0) |
35/23
(2/−5) |
| Sault Ste. Marie | 22/5
(−6/−15) |
24/7
(−4/−14) |
34/16
(1/−9) |
48/29
(9/−2) |
63/39
(17/4) |
71/46
(22/7) |
76/52
(24/11) |
74/52
(23/11) |
65/45
(18/7) |
53/36
(12/2) |
39/26
(12/−3) |
27/13
(−3/−11) |
| [3][dead link] | ||||||||||||
Geology[link]
The geological formation of the state is greatly varied. Primary boulders are found over the entire surface of the Upper Peninsula (being principally of primitive origin), while Secondary deposits cover the entire Lower Peninsula. The Upper Peninsula exhibits Lower Silurian sandstones, limestones, copper and iron bearing rocks, corresponding to the Huronian system of Canada. The central portion of the Lower Peninsula contains coal measures and rocks of the Permo-Carboniferous period. Devonian and sub-Carboniferous deposits are scattered over the entire state.
Demographics[link]
See also: Michigan census statistical areas
| Historical populations | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1800 | 3,757 |
|
|
| 1810 | 4,762 | 26.8% | |
| 1820 | 7,452 | 56.5% | |
| 1830 | 28,004 | 275.8% | |
| 1840 | 212,267 | 658.0% | |
| 1850 | 397,654 | 87.3% | |
| 1860 | 749,113 | 88.4% | |
| 1870 | 1,184,059 | 58.1% | |
| 1880 | 1,636,937 | 38.2% | |
| 1890 | 2,093,890 | 27.9% | |
| 1900 | 2,420,982 | 15.6% | |
| 1910 | 2,810,173 | 16.1% | |
| 1920 | 3,668,412 | 30.5% | |
| 1930 | 4,842,325 | 32.0% | |
| 1940 | 5,256,106 | 8.5% | |
| 1950 | 6,371,766 | 21.2% | |
| 1960 | 7,823,194 | 22.8% | |
| 1970 | 8,875,083 | 13.4% | |
| 1980 | 9,262,078 | 4.4% | |
| 1990 | 9,295,297 | 0.4% | |
| 2000 | 9,938,444 | 6.9% | |
| 2010 | 9,883,640 | −0.6% | |
| Source: 1910–2010[44] | |||
Population[link]
The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Michigan was 9,876,187 on July 1, 2011, a -0.08% decrease since the 2010 United States Census.[2]
The center of population of Michigan is located in Shiawassee County, in the southeastern corner of the civil township of Bennington, which is located northwest of the village of Morrice.[45]
As of the 2010 American Community Survey for the U.S. Census, the state had a foreign-born population of 592,212, or 6.0% of the total. Michigan has the largest Dutch, Finnish, and Macedonian populations in the United States.
The 2010 Census reported:
- White: 78.9% (Non-Hispanic Whites: 76.6%)
- Black or African American: 14.2%
- American Indian: 0.6%
- Asian: 2.4%
- Pacific Islander: <0.1%
- Some other race: 1.5%
- Multiracial: 2.3%
- Hispanic or Latino (of any race): 4.4%
The ten largest reported ancestries in Michigan are:[46]
German (22.3%)
Irish (11.9%)
English (10.1%)
Polish (9.0%)
French or French Canadian (6.7%)
Dutch (5.1%)
Italian (4.7%)- American (4.6%)
Scottish (2.4%)
Swedish (1.7%)
The large majority of Michigan's population is Caucasian. Americans of European descent live throughout Michigan and most of Metro Detroit. Large European American groups include those of German, Irish, French, Belgian and British ancestry. People of Scandinavian descent, especially those of Finnish ancestry, have a notable presence in the Upper Peninsula. Western Michigan is known for the Dutch heritage of many residents (the highest concentration of any state), especially in metropolitan Grand Rapids.
About 300,000 people trace their descent from the Middle East.[47] Dearborn has a sizeable Arab community, with many Assyrian/Chaldean/Syriac, and Lebanese who immigrated for jobs in the auto industry in the 1920s along with more recent Yemenis and Iraqis.[48] African Americans, who came to Detroit and other northern cities in the Great Migration of the early 20th century, form a majority of the population of the city of Detroit and of other cities, including Flint and Benton Harbor.
An individual from Michigan is called a "Michigander" or "Michiganian".[49] Also at times, but rarely, a "Michiganite".[50] Residents of the Upper Peninsula are sometimes referred to as "Yoopers" (a phonetic pronunciation of "U.P.ers"), and Upper Peninsula residents sometimes refer to those from the lower as "trolls" (they live below the bridge).[51]
Religion[link]
The Catholic Church has six dioceses and one archdiocese in Michigan, the Diocese of Gaylord, Diocese of Grand Rapids, Diocese of Kalamazoo, Diocese of Lansing, Diocese of Marquette, Diocese of Saginaw and Archdiocese of Detroit.[52] The Catholic Church is the largest denomination by number of adherents, according to a survey in the year 2000, with 2,019,926 parishioners.[53] The Roman Catholic Church was the only organized religion in Michigan until the 19th century, reflecting the territory's French colonial roots. Detroit's St. Anne's parish, established in 1701, by Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac is the second-oldest Catholic parish in the country.[54] On March 8, 1833, the Holy See formally established a diocese in the Michigan territory, which included all of Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and the Dakotas east of the Mississippi River. When Michigan became a state in 1837, the boundary of the Diocese of Detroit was redrawn to coincide with that of the State.[55]
The largest Protestant denominations were the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod with 244,231 adherents; followed by the United Methodist Church with 222,269; and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America with 160,836 adherents. In the same survey, Jewish adherents in the state of Michigan were estimated at 110,000, and Muslims at 80,515.[56] The Lutheran Church was introduced by German and Scandinavian immigrants; Lutheranism is the second largest religious denomination in the state. The first Jewish synagogue in the state was Temple Beth El, founded by twelve German Jewish families in Detroit in 1850.[57] In West Michigan, Dutch immigrants fled from the specter of religious persecution and famine in the Netherlands around 1850 and settled in and around what is now Holland, Michigan, establishing a "colony" on American soil that fervently held onto Calvinist doctrine that established a significant presence of Reformed churches.[58] Islam was introduced by immigrants from the Near East during the 20th century.[59]
Economy[link]
File:2007 Ford Shelby GT500 Detroit.jpg
Michigan is the center of the American automotive industry. Pictured is the Ford Shelby GT500 at the North American International Auto Show in Detroit. The GT500 is manufactured in Ford's Flat Rock, Michigan assembly plant.
The Bureau of Economic Analysis estimated Michigan's 2010 gross state product at $384.1 B.[60] In November 2011, the state's unemployment rate was 9.8%.[61][62]
| Top publicly traded companies in Michigan according to revenues with State and U.S. rankings |
|||||
| State | Corporation | US | |||
| 1 | General Motors | 6 | |||
| 2 | Ford | 7 | |||
| 3 | Dow | 38 | |||
| 4 | Delphi | 121 | |||
| 5 | Whirlpool | 133 | |||
| 6 | Ally | 147 | |||
| 7 | TRW Automotive | 169 | |||
| 8 | Lear | 195 | |||
| 9 | Kellogg | 210 | |||
| 10 | Penske Automotive | 225 | |||
| 11 | Masco | 277 | |||
| 12 | Visteon | 282 | |||
| 13 | DTE Energy | 285 | |||
| 14 | Arvin Meritor | 346 | |||
| 15 | CMS Energy | 369 | |||
| 16 | Stryker | 375 | |||
| 17 | Autoliv | 376 | |||
| 18 | Pulte Homes | 393 | |||
| 19 | Kelly Services | 437 | |||
| 20 | BorgWarner | 453 | |||
| 21 | Auto-Owners | 476 | |||
| 22 | Steelcase | 625 | |||
| 23 | Spartan Stores | 751 | |||
| 24 | Cooper Standard | 814 | |||
| 25 | Valassis | 809 | |||
| 26 | Universal Forest | 837 | |||
| 27 | Affinia Group | 853 | |||
| 28 | Hayes-Lemmerz | 856 | |||
| 29 | American Axle | 874 | |||
| 30 | Herman Miller | 897 | |||
| 31 | Perrigo | 897 | |||
| Further information: List of Michigan companies Source: Fortune 2009[63] |
|||||
Some of the major industries/products/services include automobiles, cereal products, pizza, information technology, aerospace, military equipment, copper, iron, and furniture. Michigan is the third leading grower of Christmas trees with 60,520 acres (245 km2) of land dedicated to Christmas tree farming.[64][65] The beverage Vernors was invented in Michigan in 1866, sharing the title of oldest soft drink with Hires Root Beer. Faygo was founded in Detroit on November 4, 1907. Two of the top four pizza chains were founded in Michigan and are headquartered there: Domino's Pizza by Tom Monaghan and Little Caesars Pizza by Mike Ilitch.
Since 2009, GM, Ford, and Chrysler have managed a significant reorganization of their benefit funds structure after a volatile stock market which followed the September 11 attacks and early 2000s recession impacted their respective U.S. pension and benefit funds (OPEB).[66][67] General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler reached agreements with the United Auto Workers Union to transfer the liabilities for their respective health care and benefit funds to a 501(c)(9) Voluntary Employee Beneficiary Association (VEBA). Manufacturing in the state grew 6.6% from 2001 to 2006,[68] but the high speculative price of oil became a factor for the U.S. auto industry during the economic crisis of 2008 impacting industry revenues. In 2009, GM and Chrysler emerged from Chapter 11 restructurings with financing provided in part by the U.S. and Canandian governments.[69][70] GM began its initial public offering (IPO) of stock in 2010.[71] For 2010, the Big Three domestic automakers have reported significant profits indicating the beginning of rebound.[72][73][74][75]
Michigan ranks fourth in the U.S. in high tech employment with 568,000 high tech workers, which includes 70,000 in the automotive industry.[76] Michigan typically ranks third or fourth in overall Research & development (R&D) expenditures in the United States.[21][22] Its research and development, which includes automotive, comprises a higher percentage of the state's overall gross domestic product than for any other U.S. state.[77] The state is an important source of engineering job opportunities. The domestic auto industry accounts directly and indirectly for one of every ten jobs in the U.S.[78]
Michigan was second in the U.S. in 2004 for new corporate facilities and expansions. From 1997 to 2004, Michigan was the only state to top the 10,000 mark for the number of major new developments;[19][79] however, the effects of the late 2000s recession have slowed the state's economy. In 2008, Michigan placed third in a site selection survey among the states for luring new business which measured capital investment and new job creation per one million population.[80] In August 2009, Michigan and Detroit's auto industry received $1.36 B in grants from the U.S. Department of Energy for the manufacture of electric vehicle technologies which is expected to generate 6,800 immediate jobs and employ 40,000 in the state by 2020.[81] From 2007 to 2009, Michigan ranked 3rd in the U.S. for new corporate facilities and expansions.[82][83]
As leading research institutions, the University of Michigan, Michigan State University,and Wayne State University are important partners in the state's economy and the state's University Research Corridor.[23] Michigan's public universities attract more than $1.5 B in research and development grants each year.[24] The National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory is located at Michigan State University. Michigan's workforce is well-educated and highly skilled, making it attractive to companies. It has the third highest number of engineering graduates nationally.[84]
Detroit Metropolitan Airport is one of the nation's most recently expanded and modernized airports with six major runways, and large aircraft maintenance facilities capable of servicing and repairing a Boeing 747 and is a major hub for Delta Air Lines. Michigan's schools and colleges rank among the nation's best. The state has maintained its early commitment to public education. The state's infrastructure gives it a competitive edge; Michigan has 38 deep water ports.[85] In 2007, Bank of America announced that it would commit $25 billion to community development in Michigan following its acquisition of LaSalle Bank in Troy.[86]
Michigan led the nation in job creation improvement in 2010.[87]
Taxation[link]
Michigan's personal income tax is set to a flat rate of 4.35%. Some cities impose additional income taxes. Michigan's state sales tax is 6%. Property taxes are assessed on the local level, but every property owner's local assessment contributes six mills (six dollars per thousand dollars of property value) to the statutory State Education Tax. In 2011, the State repealed the Michigan Business Tax and replaced it with a 6% corporate income tax which substantially reduces taxes on business.[88][89]
Agriculture[link]
A wide variety of commodity crops, fruits, and vegetables are grown in Michigan, making it second only to California among U.S. states in the diversity of its agriculture.[90] The state has 55,000 farms utilizing 10,000,000 acres (40,000 km2) of land which sold $6.6 billion worth of products in 2008.[91] The most valuable agricultural product is milk. Leading crops include corn, soybeans, flowers, wheat, sugar beets and potatoes. Livestock in the state included 1 million cattle, 1 million hogs, 78,000 sheep and over 3 million chickens. Livestock products accounted for 38% of the value of agricultural products while crops accounted for the majority.
Michigan is a leading grower of fruit in the U.S., including blueberries, cherries, apples, grapes, and peaches.[25][92] Plums, pears, and strawberries are also grown. These fruits are mainly grown in West Michigan due to the moderating effect of Lake Michigan on the climate. There is also significant fruit production, especially cherries, but also grapes, apples, and other fruits, in Northwest Michigan along Lake Michigan. Michigan produces wines, beers and a multitude of processed food products. Kellogg's cereal is based in Battle Creek, Michigan and processes many locally grown foods. Thornapple Valley, Ball Park Franks, Koegel Meat Company, and Hebrew National sausage companies are all based in Michigan.
Michigan is home to very fertile land in the Flint/Tri-Cities and "Thumb" areas. Products grown there include corn, sugar beets, navy beans, and soy beans. Sugar beet harvesting usually begins the first of October. It takes the sugar factories about five months to process the 3.7 million tons of sugarbeets into 970 million pounds of pure, white sugar.[93] Michigan's largest sugar refiner, Michigan Sugar Company[94] is the largest east of the Mississippi River and the fourth largest in the nation. Michigan Sugar brand names are Pioneer Sugar and the newly incorporated Big Chief Sugar. Potatoes are grown in Northern Michigan, and corn is dominant in Central Michigan. Alfalfa, cucumbers, and asparagus are also grown.
Tourism[link]
See also: List of National Historic Landmarks in Michigan, List of Registered Historic Places in Michigan, and List of museums in Michigan
Michigan's tourists spend $17.2 billion per year in the state, supporting 193,000 tourism jobs.[82] Michigan's tourism website ranks among the busiest in the nation.[95] Destinations draw vacationers, hunters, and nature enthusiasts from across the United States and Canada. Michigan is fifty percent forest land, much of it quite remote. The forests, lakes and thousands of miles of beaches are top attractions. Event tourism draws large numbers to occasions like the Tulip Time Festival and the National Cherry Festival.
In 2006, the Michigan State Board of Education mandated that all public schools in the state hold their first day of school after the Labor Day holiday, in accordance with the new Post Labor Day School law. A survey found that 70% of all tourism business comes directly from Michigan residents, and the Michigan Hotel, Motel, & Resort Association claimed that the shorter summer in between school years cut into the annual tourism season in the state.[96]
Tourism in metropolitan Detroit draws visitors to leading attractions, especially The Henry Ford, the Detroit Institute of Arts, and the Detroit Zoo, and to sports in Detroit. Other museums include the Detroit Historical Museum, the Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History, museums in the Cranbrook Educational Community, and the Arab American National Museum. The metro area offers four major casinos, MGM Grand Detroit, Greektown, Motor City, and Caesars Windsor in Windsor, Ontario, Canada; moreover, Detroit is the largest American city and metropolitan region to offer casino resorts.[97]
Hunting and fishing are significant industries in the state. Charter boats are based in many Great Lakes cities to fish for salmon, trout, walleye and perch. Michigan ranks first in the nation in licensed hunters (over one million) who contribute $2 billion annually to its economy. Over three-quarters of a million hunters participate in white-tailed deer season alone. Many school districts in rural areas of Michigan cancel school on the opening day of firearm deer season, because of attendance concerns.
Michigan's Department of Natural Resources manages the largest dedicated state forest system in the nation. The forest products industry and recreational users contribute $12 billion and 200,000 associated jobs annually to the state's economy. Public hiking and hunting access has also been secured in extensive commercial forests. The state has the highest number of golf courses and registered snowmobiles in the nation.[98]
The state has numerous historical markers, which can themselves become the center of a tour.[99] The Great Lakes Circle Tour is a designated scenic road system connecting all of the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River.[100]
With its position in relation to the Great Lakes and the countless ships that have foundered over the many years in which they have been used as a transport route for people and bulk cargo, Michigan is a world-class scuba diving destination. The Michigan Underwater Preserves are 11 underwater areas where wrecks are protected for the benefit of sport divers.
Transportation[link]
Michigan has nine international crossings with Ontario, Canada:
- Ambassador Bridge, North America's busiest international border crossing the Detroit River
- Blue Water Bridge, a twin-span bridge (Port Huron, Michigan and Point Edward, Ontario, but the larger city of Sarnia, Ontario is usually referred to on the Canadian side)
- Blue Water Ferry (Marine City, Michigan and Sombra, Ontario)
- Canadian Pacific Railway tunnel
- Detroit–Windsor Truck Ferry (Detroit, Michigan and Windsor, Ontario)
- Detroit–Windsor Tunnel
- International Bridge (Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan and Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario)
- St. Clair River Railway Tunnel (Port Huron, Michigan and Sarnia, Ontario)
- Walpole Island Ferry (Algonac, Michigan and Walpole Island First Nation, Ontario)
A second international bridge is currently under consideration between Detroit, Michigan and Windsor, Ontario.[101]
Railroads[link]
See also: List of Michigan railroads and History of railroads in Michigan
Michigan is served by four Class I railroads: the Canadian National Railway, the Canadian Pacific Railway, CSX Transportation, and the Norfolk Southern Railway. These are augmented by several dozen short line railroads. The vast majority of rail service in Michigan is devoted to freight, with Amtrak and various scenic railroads the exceptions.[102]
Main article: Michigan Services
Amtrak passenger rail services the state, connecting many southern and western Michigan cities to Chicago, Illinois. There are plans for commuter rail for Detroit and its suburbs (see SEMCOG Commuter Rail).[103][104][105]
Roadways[link]
Interstate 75 (I-75) is the main thoroughfare between Detroit, Flint, and Saginaw extending north to Sault Sainte Marie and providing access to Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. The freeway crosses the Mackinac Bridge between the Lower and Upper Peninsulas. Branching highways include I-275 and I-375 in Detroit; I-475 in Flint; and I-675 in Saginaw.
I-69 enters the state near the Michigan–Ohio–Indiana border, and it extends to Port Huron and provides access to the Blue Water Bridge crossing into Sarnia, Ontario.
I-94 enters the western end of the state at the Indiana border, and it travels east to Detroit and then northeast to Port Huron and ties in with I-69. I-194 branches off from this freeway in Battle Creek. I-94 is the main artery between Chicago and Detroit.
I-96 runs east–west between Detroit and Muskegon. I-496 loops through Lansing. I-196 branches off from this freeway at Grand Rapids and connects to I-94 near Benton Harbor. I-696 branches off from this freeway at Novi and connects to I-94 near St Clair Shores.
U.S. Highway 2 (US 2) enters Michigan at the city of Ironwood and runs east to the town of Crystal Falls, where it turns south and briefly re-enters Wisconsin northwest of Florence. It re-enters Michigan north of Iron Mountain and continues through the Upper Peninsula of Michigan to the cities of Escanaba, Manistique, and St. Ignace. Along the way, it cuts through the Ottawa and Hiawatha national forests and follows the northern shore of Lake Michigan. Its eastern terminus lies at exit 344 on I-75, just north of the Mackinac Bridge.
Airports[link]
See also: List of airports in Michigan
The Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport, located in the western suburb of Romulus, was in 2010 the 16th busiest airfield in North America measured by passenger traffic.[106] The Gerald R. Ford International Airport in Grand Rapids is the next busiest airport in the state, served by eight airlines to 23 destinations. Flint Bishop International Airport is the third largest airport in the state, served by four airlines to several primary hubs. Smaller regional and local airports are located throughout the state including on several islands.
Important cities and townships[link]
Further information: List of cities, villages, and townships in Michigan
The largest municipalities in Michigan are (according to 2010 Census):
| Rank | City | Population | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Detroit | 713,777 |
|
| 2 | Grand Rapids | 188,040 | |
| 3 | Warren | 134,056 | |
| 4 | Sterling Heights | 129,699 | |
| 5 | Lansing | 114,297 | |
| 6 | Ann Arbor | 113,934 | |
| 7 | Flint | 102,434 | |
| 8 | Dearborn | 98,153 | |
| 9 | Livonia | 96,942 | |
| 10 | Clinton Township | 96,796 |
Other important cities include:
- Battle Creek ("Cereal City U.S.A.", world headquarters of Kellogg Company)
- Benton Harbor / St. Joseph (headquarters of Whirlpool Corporation)
- East Lansing (home of Michigan State University)
- Holland (home of Tulip Time, the largest tulip festival in the U.S.)
- Jackson (headquarters of CMS Energy)
- Kalamazoo (Largest city in southwest Michigan and home to Western Michigan University)
- Manistee (home to the world's largest salt plant, owned by Morton Salt)
- Marquette (largest city in the Upper Peninsula with 19,661 people and home of Northern Michigan University)
- Midland (headquarters of the Dow Chemical Company and the Dow Corning Corporation)
- Pontiac (major automobile manufacturing center, and home of the Pontiac Silverdome)
- Saginaw (the largest of the Tri-Cities, which also consist of Bay City and Midland, and home to Saginaw Valley State University)
- Sault Ste. Marie (home of the Soo Locks and Sault Ste. Marie International Bridge)
- Traverse City ("Cherry Capital of the World", making Michigan the country's largest producer of cherries)
Half of the wealthiest communities in the state are located in Oakland County, just north of Detroit. Another wealthy community is located just east of the city, in Grosse Pointe. Only three of these cities are located outside of Metro Detroit. The city of Detroit itself, with a per capita income of $14,717, ranks 517th on the list of Michigan locations by per capita income. Benton Harbor is the poorest city in Michigan, with a per capita income of $8,965, while Barton Hills is the richest with a per capita income of $110,683.
Education[link]
Michigan's education system provides services to 1.6 million K-12 students in public schools. More than 124,000 students attend private schools and an uncounted number are home-schooled under certain legal requirements.[107][108] The public school system has a $14.5 billion budget in 2008–2009.[109] Michigan has a number of public universities spread throughout the state and numerous private colleges as well. Michigan State University has one of the largest enrollments of any U.S. school. Michigan State University, the University of Michigan, and Wayne State University are the three major research institutions in the state.[110]
Professional sports[link]
Main article: List of Michigan professional sports teams
Michigan's major-league sports teams include: Detroit Tigers baseball team, Detroit Lions football team, Detroit Red Wings ice hockey team, and the Detroit Pistons men's basketball team. All of Michigan's major league teams play in the Metro Detroit area.
The Pistons played at Detroit's Cobo Arena until 1978 and at the Pontiac Silverdome until 1988 when they moved into The Palace of Auburn Hills. The Detroit Lions played at Tiger Stadium in Detroit until 1974, then moved to the Pontiac Silverdome where they played for 27 years between 1975–2002 before moving to Ford Field in Detroit in 2002. The Detroit Tigers played at Tiger Stadium (formerly known as Navin Field and Briggs Stadium) from 1912 to 1999. In 2000 they moved to Comerica Park. The Red Wings played at Olympia Stadium before moving to Joe Louis Arena in 1979.
Thirteen-time Grand Slam champion Serena Williams was born in Saginaw. The Michigan International Speedway is the site of NASCAR races and Detroit was formerly the site of a Formula One World Championship Grand Prix race. From 1959 to 1961, Detroit Dragway hosted the NHRA's U.S. Nationals.[111] Michigan is home to one of the major canoeing marathons: the 120-mile (190 km) Au Sable River Canoe Marathon. The Port Huron to Mackinac Boat Race is also a favorite. Professional hockey got its start in Houghton, when the Portage Lakers were formed.
State symbols and nicknames[link]
Michigan is, by tradition, known as "The Wolverine State," and the University of Michigan takes the wolverine as its mascot. The association is well and long established: for example, many Detroiters volunteered to fight during the American Civil War and George Armstrong Custer, who led the Michigan Brigade, called them the "Wolverines". The origins of this association are obscure; it may derive from a busy trade in wolverine furs in Sault Ste. Marie in the 18th century or may recall a disparagement intended to compare early settlers in Michigan with the vicious mammal. Wolverines are, however, extremely rare in Michigan. A sighting in February 2004 near Ubly was the first confirmed sighting in Michigan in 200 years.[112] The animal was found dead in 2010.[113]
- State nicknames: Wolverine State, Great Lakes State, Mitten State, Water-Winter Wonderland
- State motto: Si quaeris peninsulam amoenam circumspice (Latin: If you seek a pleasant peninsula, look about you) adopted in 1835 on the coat-of-arms, but never as an official 'motto'. This is a paraphrase of the epitaph of British architect Sir Christopher Wren about his masterpiece, St. Paul's Cathedral.[114][115]
- State song: My Michigan (official since 1937, but disputed amongst residents),[116] Michigan, My Michigan (Unofficial State Song, since the civil war)
- State bird: American Robin (since 1931)
- State animal: Wolverine (traditional)
- State game animal: White-tailed deer (since 1997)
- State fish: Brook trout (since 1965)
- State reptile: Painted Turtle (since 1995)
- State fossil: Mastodon (since 2000)
- State flower: Apple blossom (adopted in 1897, official in 1997)
- State wildflower: Dwarf Lake Iris (since 1998). Known as Iris lacustris, it is a federally listed threatened species.
- State tree: White pine (since 1955)
- State stone: Petoskey stone (since 1965). It is composed of fossilized coral (Hexagonaria pericarnata) from long ago when the middle of the continent was covered with a shallow sea.
- State gem: Isle Royale greenstone (since 1973). Also called chlorastrolite (literally "green star stone"), the mineral is found on Isle Royale and the Keweenaw peninsula.
- State Quarter: U.S. coin issued in 2004 with the Michigan motto "Great Lakes State."
- State soil: Kalkaska Sand (since 1990), ranges in color from black to yellowish brown, covers nearly 1,000,000-acre (4,000 km2) in 29 counties.
Sister states[link]
See also[link]
- Outline of Michigan
- List of National Register of Historic Places in Michigan
- List of people from Michigan
- Michigan fossil hunting
- USS Michigan
References[link]
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- ^ I.e., including water that is part of state territory. Georgia is the largest state by land area east of the Mississippi.
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Further reading[link]
- Bald, F. Clever, Michigan in Four Centuries (1961)
- Browne, William P. and – Kenneth VerBurg. Michigan Politics & Government: Facing Change in a Complex State University of Nebraska Press. 1995.
- Bureau of Business Research, Wayne State U. Michigan Statistical Abstract (1987).
- Clarke Historical Library, Central Michigan University, Bibliographies for Michigan by region, counties, etc..
- Dunbar, Willis F. and George S. May. Michigan: A History of the Wolverine State (1995) excerpt and text search
- Michigan, State of. Michigan Manual (annual), elaborate detail on state government.
- Press, Charles et al., Michigan Political Atlas (1984).
- Public Sector Consultants. Michigan in Brief. An Issues Handbook (annual)
- Rich, Wilbur. Coleman Young and Detroit Politics: From Social Activist to Power Broker (Wayne State University Press, 1988).
- Rubenstein, Bruce A. and Lawrence E. Ziewacz. Michigan: A History of the Great Lakes State. (2nd ed. 2008)
- Sisson, Richard, Ed. The American Midwest: An Interpretive Encyclopedia (2006)
- Weeks, George, Stewards of the State: The Governors of Michigan (Historical Society of Michigan, 1987).
External links[link]
 |
Look up Michigan in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Michigan |
Geographic data related to Michigan at OpenStreetMap
- State of Michigan government website
- Energy Data & Statistics for Michigan
- Info Michigan, detailed information on 630 cities
- Michigan Historic Markers
- Michigan History Magazine
- Michigan Lighthouse Chronology – Clark Historical Library
- Michigan State Guide from the Library of Congress
- Michigan Official Travel Site
- Michigan travel guide from Wikitravel
- Michigan at the Open Directory Project
- Michigan State Fact Sheet from the U.S. Department of Agriculture
- Michigan Underwater Preserves Council
- The Michigan Municipal League
- USGS real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Michigan
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Upper Michigan |  Canada Ontario |
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| Preceded by Arkansas |
List of U.S. states by date of statehood Admitted on January 26, 1837 (26th) |
Succeeded by Florida |
Coordinates: 44°20′N 85°35′W / 44.34°N 85.58°W / 44.34; -85.58
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
