Collation is the assembly of written information into a standard order. Many systems of collation are based on numerical order or alphabetical order, or extensions and combinations thereof. Collation is a fundamental element of most office filing systems, library catalogs and reference books.

Collation differs from classification in that classification is concerned with arranging information into logical categories, while collation is concerned with the ordering of items of information, usually based on the form of their identifiers. Formally speaking, a collation method typically defines a total order on a set of possible identifiers, called sort keys, which consequently produces a total preorder on the set of items of information (items with the same identifier are not placed in any defined order).

A collation algorithm such as the Unicode collation algorithm defines an order through the process of comparing two given character strings and deciding which should come before the other. When an order has been defined in this way, a sorting algorithm can be used to put a list of any number of items into that order.

The main advantage of collation is that it makes it fast and easy for a user to find an element in the list, or to confirm that it is absent from the list. In automatic systems this can be done using a binary search algorithm or interpolation search; manual searching may be performed using a roughly similar procedure, though this will often be done unconsciously. Other advantages are that one can easily find the first or last elements on the list (most likely to be useful in the case of numerically sorted data), or elements in a given range (useful again in the case of numerical data, and also with alphabetically ordered data when one may be sure of only the first few letters of the sought item or items).

Numerical and chronological order[link]

Strings representing numbers may be sorted based on the values of the numbers that they represent. For example, "-4", "2.5", "10", "89", "30,000". Note that pure application of this method may provide only a partial ordering on the strings, since different strings can represent the same number (as with "2" and "2.0", or when scientific notation is used, "2e3" and "2000").

A similar approach may be taken with strings representing dates or other items that can be ordered chronologically or in some other natural fashion.

Alphabetical order[link]

Alphabetical order is the basis for many systems of collation where items of information are identified by strings consisting principally of letters from an alphabet. The ordering of the strings relies on the existence of a standard ordering for the letters of the alphabet in question. (The system is not limited to alphabets in the strict technical sense; languages that use a syllabary or abugida, for example Cherokee, can use the same ordering principle provided there is a set ordering for the symbols used.)

To decide which of two strings comes first in alphabetical order, initially their first letters are compared. The string whose first letter appears earlier in the alphabet comes first in alphabetical order. If the first letters are the same, then the second letters are compared, and so on, until the order is decided. (If one string runs out of letters to compare, then it is deemed to come first; for example, "cart" comes before "carthorse".) The result of arranging a set of strings in alphabetical order is that words with the same first letter are grouped together, and within such a group words with the same first two letters are grouped together and so on.

Capital letters are normally treated as equivalent to their corresponding lowercase letters.

Certain limitations, complications and special conventions may apply when alphabetical order is used:

• When strings contain spaces or other word dividers, the decision must be taken whether to ignore these dividers or to treat them as "letters" preceding all other letters of the alphabet. For example, if the first approach is taken then "car park" will come after "carbon" and "carp" (as it would if it were written "carpark"), whereas in the second approach "car park" will come before those two words. The first rule is used in many (but not all) dictionaries, the second in telephone directories (so that Wilson, Jim K appears with other people named Wilson, Jim and not after Wilson, Jimbo).
• Abbreviations may be treated as if they were spelt out in full. For example, names containing "St." (short for the English word Saint) are often ordered as if they were written out as "Saint". There is also a traditional convention in English that surnames beginning Mc and M' are listed as if those prefixes were written Mac.
• Strings that represent personal names will often be listed by alphabetical order of surname, even if the given name comes first. For example, Juan Hernandes and Brian O'Leary should be sorted as "Hernandes, Juan" and "O'Leary, Brian" even if they are not written this way.
• Very common initial words, such as The in English, are often ignored for sorting purposes. So The Shining would be sorted as just "Shining" or "Shining, The".
• When some of the strings contain numerals (or other non-letter characters), various approaches are possible. Sometimes such characters are treated as if they came before or after all the letters of the alphabet. Another method is for numbers to be sorted alphabetically as they would be spelled: for example 1776 would be sorted as if spelled out "seventeen seventy-six", and 24 heures du Mans as if spelled "vingt-quatre..." (French for "twenty-four"). When numerals or other symbols are used as special graphical forms of letters, as 1337 for leet or the movie Se7en, they may be sorted as if they were those letters.
• Languages have different conventions for treating modified letters and certain letter combinations. For example, in Spanish the letter ñ is treated as a basic letter following n, and the digraphs ch and ll were formerly (until 1994) treated as basic letters following c and l, although they are now alphabetized as two-letter combinations. A list of such conventions for various languages can be found at Alphabetical order: Language-specific conventions.

In several languages the rules have changed over time, and so older dictionaries may use a different order than modern ones. Furthermore, collation may depend on use. For example, German dictionaries and telephone directories use different approaches.

Radical-and-stroke sorting[link]

Another form of collation is radical-and-stroke sorting, used for non-alphabetic writing systems such as Chinese hanzi and Japanese kanji, whose thousands of symbols defy ordering by convention. In this system, common components of characters are identified; these are called radicals in Chinese and logographic systems derived from Chinese. Characters are then grouped by their primary radical, then ordered by number of pen strokes within radicals. When there is no obvious radical or more than one radical, convention governs which is used for collation. For example, the Chinese character for "mother" (妈) is sorted as a six-stroke character under the three-stroke primary radical (女).

The radical-and-stroke system is cumbersome compared to an alphabetical system in which there are a few characters, all unambiguous. The choice of which components of a logograph comprise separate radicals and which radical is primary is not clear-cut. As a result, logographic languages often supplement radical-and-stroke ordering with alphabetic sorting of a phonetic conversion of the logographs. For example, the kanji word ''Tōkyō (東京), the Japanese name of Tokyo can be sorted as if it were spelled out in the Japanese characters of the hiragana syllabary as "to-u-ki-_yo-u" (とうきょう), using the conventional sorting order for these characters.

In addition, in Greater China, surname stroke ordering is a convention in some official documents where peoples' names are listed without hierarchy.

The radical-and-stroke system, or some similar pattern-matching and stroke-counting method, was traditionally the only practical method for constructing dictionaries that someone could use to look up a logograph whose pronunciation was unknown. With the advent of computers, dictionary programs are now available that allow one to draw a character using a mouse or stylus.

Automated collation[link]

When information is stored in digital systems, collation may become an automated process. It is then necessary to implement an appropriate collation algorithm that allows the information to be sorted in a satisfactory manner for the application in question. Often the aim will be to achieve an alphabetical or numerical ordering that follows the standard criteria as described in the preceding sections. However, not all of these criteria are easy to automate.

The simplest kind of automated collation is based on the numerical codes of the symbols in a character set, such as ASCII coding (or any of its supersets such as Unicode), with the symbols being ordered in increasing numerical order of their codes, and this ordering being extended to strings in accordance with the basic principles of alphabetical ordering (mathematically speaking, lexicographical ordering). So a computer program might treat the characters a, b, C, d and $ as being ordered $, C, a, b, d (the corresponding ASCII codes are $ = 36, a = 97, b = 98, C = 67, and d = 100). Therefore strings beginning with C (or any other capital letter) would be sorted before strings with lower-case a, b, etc. This is sometimes called ASCIIbetical order.

The above method has the disadvantage that it can deviate from the standard alphabetical order that human users would expect, particularly due to the unexpected ordering of capital letters before all lower-case ones (and possibly the unexpected treatment of spaces and other non-letter characters). It is therefore often applied with certain refinements, the most obvious being the conversion of capitals to lowercase before comparing ASCII values.

In many collation algorithms, the comparison is based not on the numerical codes of the characters, but with reference to the collating sequence – a sequence in which the characters are assumed to come for the purpose of collation – as well as other ordering rules appropriate to the given application. This can serve to apply the correct conventions used for alphabetical ordering in the language in question, dealing properly with differently cased letters, modified letters, digraphs, particular abbreviations and so on, as mentioned above under Alphabetical order, and in detail in the Alphabetical order article. Such algorithms are potentially quite complex, possibly requiring several passes through the text.^[1]

Problems are nonetheless still common when the algorithm has to encompass more than one language. For example, in German dictionaries the word ökonomisch comes between offenbar and olfaktorisch, while Turkish dictionaries treat o and ö as different letters, placing oyun before öbür.

A standard algorithm for collating any collection of strings composed of any standard Unicode symbols is the Unicode Collation Algorithm. This can be adapted to use the appropriate collation sequence for a given language by tailoring its default collation table. Several such tailorings are collected in Common Locale Data Repository.

Sort keys[link]

In some applications, the strings by which items are collated may differ from the identifiers that are displayed. For example, The Shining might be sorted as Shining, The (see Alphabetical order above), but it may still be desired to display it as The Shining. In this case two sets of strings can be stored, one for display purposes, and another for collation purposes. Strings used for collation in this way are called sort keys.

Issues with numbers[link]

Sometimes, it is desired to order text with embedded numbers using proper numerical order. For example, "Figure 7b" goes before "Figure 11a", even though '7' comes after '1' in Unicode. This can be extended to Roman numerals. This behavior is not particularly difficult to produce as long as only integers are to be sorted, although it can slow down sorting significantly. For example, Windows XP does this when sorting file names.

Sorting decimals properly is a bit more difficult, because different locales use different symbols for a decimal point, and sometimes the same character used as a decimal point is also used as a separator, for example "Section 3.2.5". There is no universal answer for how to sort such strings; any rules are application dependent.

Ascending order of numbers differs from alphabetical order, e.g. 11 comes alphabetically before 2. This can be fixed with leading zeros: 02 comes alphabetically before 11. See e.g. ISO 8601.

Also −13 comes alphabetically after −12 although it is less. With negative numbers, to make ascending order correspond with alphabetical sorting, more drastic measures are needed such as adding a constant to all numbers to make them all positive.

Labeling of ordered items[link]

In some contexts, numbers and letters are used not so much as a basis for establishing an ordering, but as a means of labeling items that are already ordered. For example, pages, sections, chapters and the like, as well as the items of lists, are frequently "numbered" in this way. Labeling series that may be used include ordinary Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, ...), Roman numerals (I, II, III, ... or i, ii, iii, ...), or letters (A, B, C, ... or a, b, c, ...). (An alternative method for indicating list items, without numbering them, is to use a bulleted list.)

When letters of an alphabet are used for this purpose of enumeration, there are certain language-specific conventions as to which letters are used. For example, the Russian letters Ъ and Ь (which in writing are only used for modifying the preceding consonant), and usually also Ы, Й and Ё, are usually omitted. Also in many languages that use extended Latin script, the modified letters are often not used in enumeration.

See also[link]

• Alphabetical order
• Sorting
• Taxonomic sequence

Notes[link]

External links and references[link]

Look up collation or alphabetization in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• Unicode Collation Algorithm: Unicode Technical Standard #10
• Collation in Spanish
• Collation of the names of the member states of the United Nations
• Typographical collation for many languages, as proposed in the List module of Cascading Style Sheets.
• Collation Charts: Charts demonstrating language-specific sorting orders in various operating systems and DBMS
• ICU Locale Explorer: An online demonstration of sorting in different languages that uses the Unicode Collation Algorithm with International Components for Unicode

DJ Premier
Background information
Birth name	Christopher Edward Martin
Born	(1966-03-21) March 21, 1966 (age 46) Houston, Texas, United States
Origin	Houston, Texas, USA
Genres	Hip hop, East Coast Hip Hop
Occupations	Record producer, DJ
Instruments	Drum machine Keyboard Sampler Turntable
Years active	1984 – present
Labels	Wild Pitch/EMI (1987–1990) Chrysalis/EMI (1991–1998) Virgin/EMI (1998–2003) Year Round (2003–)
Associated acts	Gang Starr Foundation, M.O.P., Royce da 5'9", Christina Aguilera, Jay-Z, Kanye West, Nas, Kool G Rap, Blaq Poet, Apathy, Big L, Bun B, D.I.T.C., Game, Termanology, AZ, Buckshot LeFonque, Mobb Deep, Torae
Website	DJ Premier on Myspace

Christopher Edward Martin (born March 21, 1966),^[1] better known by his stage name DJ Premier (also known as Preem, Premo, or Primo for short), is an American record producer and DJ, and was the instrumental half of the hip hop duo Gang Starr, together with emcee Guru. Born in Houston and raised in Prairie View, Texas, he has lived in Brooklyn, New York, for much of his professional career. Rolling Stone identified Premier as arguably Hip-Hop's greatest producer of all time.^[2]

The Source named DJ Premier one of the five greatest producers in hip-hop history,^[3] while the editors of About.com ranked him #1 on their Top 50 Hip-Hop Producers list.^[4] He also made the "Finals" in the search for The Greatest Hip-Hop Producer of All Time by Vibe.^[5] He attended Prairie View A&M University.^[6]

Productions[link]

Premier is known for producing all of Gang Starr's songs as well as many of the Gang Starr Foundation's songs. His work also includes production for heavyweight rappers such as (alphabetic order) Apathy, Big L, Bun B, Canibus, D.I.T.C., Fat Joe, Game, Jay-Z, Kanye West, KRS-One, Lord Finesse, M.O.P., Mos Def, Nas, Rakim, Royce Da 5'9", The LOX, The Notorious B.I.G., Snoop Dogg, Xzibit, rock band Limp Bizkit, Big L, Big Daddy Kane, Ill Bill, Joell Ortiz, and pop/R&B singer Christina Aguilera, among many others.

Premier collaborated with MC Jeru the Damaja on the album The Sun Rises in the East, released in 1994, as well as the 1996 follow-up, Wrath of the Math.^[1] Also from the Gang Starr Foundation, Premier produced and supervised Group Home's Livin' Proof; although overlooked at the time of its 1995 release, the album has since come to find similar acclaim.^[1] Among others in that are closely tied to the Gang Starr Foundation who have worked with DJ Premier include Afu Ra, Bahamadia, Krumbsnatcha, Big Shug, Smiley the Ghetto Child, and NYGz. He recently produced the majority of Blaq Poet's Tha Blaqprint in 2009 and will produce the entirety of NYGz debut album.

Style and influences[link]

DJ Premier's style of production epitomizes the New York sound of his earlier peers. He is known for sampling jazz, funk, and soul artists, as well as sampling an artist's past work when creating a new track for that same artist. For example, on Jay-Z's "So Ghetto", from the 1999 album, Vol. 3… Life and Times of S. Carter, Premier samples an older Jay-Z song, 1997's "Who You Wit II".^[7] In addition, his encyclopedic memory of hip-hop lyrics allows him to distinctively speak with his hands by scratching in lyrics from several different songs to construct new phrases.^[8] Premier's beats are known for his oft-imitated combinations of short vocal samples, often from multiple artists, to create a chorus. Premier has also experimented with atonal samples that are not confined to soul, jazz, and funk. For example, he sampled chopped up seminal electro-acoustic music from the 1960s on the track “Mental Stamina” by Jeru the Damaja.

In an interview with XXL Magazine, DJ Premier was asked how his sound evolved, to which he replied, "Marley Marl is my number one inspiration. Jam Master Jay, Mixmaster Ice and UTFO. Grandmaster D and Whodini. DJ Cheese, Grandmaster Flash, Kool Herc, Afrika Bambaataa. Jazzy Jay, even Cut Creator. Seeing them do what they do. It’s black music, it’s black culture, it comes from the ghetto. How can you not relate to ghetto people when that’s the rawest form of blackness? Even though it’s not a good place in regards to the economy and how bad people have it in the neighborhood, the realism’s there, and that’s what we were born out of. So I very much pay respect by doing the same type of music in return." DJ Premier attended Prairie View A & M University and may have been influenced by the musical atmosphere at the university.^[9]

Relationships with artists[link]

The early line-up of the Gang Starr Foundation in the mid-1990s included Jeru The Damaja, Group Home, Big Shug, and Gang Starr. DJ Premier was fully responsible for the production of Jeru the Damaja's first two albums, The Sun Rises in the East and Wrath of the Math. Jeru released three albums since then, with Premier having nothing to do with any of them.^[1]

As far as Group Home was concerned, Premier commented, "They don't respect what fed them," in a 2003 interview, going on to say that the only reason he produced a track on their second album was because Guru said he would rhyme on it.^[10]

Besides the Gang Starr Foundation, Premier is closely affiliated with M.O.P., which he names as one of his all-time favorite groups. The relationship started with the remix of “Rugged, Neva Smoove” in 1994, a single from the group's first album, which also included the exclusive B-side “Downtown Swinga.” From then, Premier produced about one-third of the songs on each subsequent album and overseeing and mixing the projects. On M.O.P.'s 2009 Foundation album, however, DJ Premier provided only one track, which was called "What I Wanna B."

Recent and future projects[link]

DJ Premier has his own record company named Year Round Records. Among its artists are New York group NYGz, New Jersey rapper Nick Javas, and Houston rapper Khaleel. Tha Blaqprint by Blaq Poet, which has thirteen Premier productions, was released by Year Round Records through Fat Beats Records. On December 7, Premier's label Year Round Records released a digital compilation album titled Get Used to Us. At the moment Year Round plans to release a debut album fully produced by DJ Premier with the NYGz tenatively called Hustla's Union: Local NYG along with a Nick Javas debut album named Destination Unknown. Khaleel, another label-mate of Year Round Records, is planned to release a debut album titled Already!.

DJ Premier hosts a weekly 2 hour show Live From HeadQCourterz on SIRIUS Satellite Radio's Hip-Hop Nation on Fridays.

DJ Premier was one of the artists followed in the 2012 documentary Re:GENERATION music project. The film followed his production of the song Regeneration using live performance of his work by the Berklee Symphony Orchestra [1]

In a recent interview, DJ Premier said he will produce a beat for Immortal Technique's upcoming album, titled The Middle Passage. He contributed a song on Game's last album The R.E.D. Album called "Born in the Trap." and a song on Bushido's last album Jenseits von Gut und Böse.^[6] In an interview in 2012, DJ Premier confirmed on Shade45 that he is working with Eminem on his upcoming album.

Discography[link]

• The Sun Rises in the East (with Jeru The Damaja) (1994)
• Livin' Proof (with Group Home) (1995)
• Wrath of the Math (with Jeru The Damaja) (1996)
• Beats That Collected Dust (2008)
• Tha Blaqprint (with Blaq Poet) (2009)
• DJ Premier Presents Get Used To Us (2010)
• Beats That Collected Dust Vol. 2 (2011)
• Premo Pimpin' EP (with Wais P) (2011)
• StOoDiOtYmE EP (with Bumpy Knuckles) (2012)
• The Kolexxxion (with Bumpy Knuckles) (2012)
• TBA (with Nas)
• TBA (with M.O.P.)
• Pete Rock v.s. Premier (with Pete Rock)
• Return Of The Boom Bip (with KRS-ONE)

References[link]

External links[link]

• DJ Premier on Twitter
• DJ Premier at Allmusic
• DJ Premier discography at Discogs
• Fansite/newsite about DJ Premier

Jozy Altidore

Personal information
Full name	Josmer Volmy Altidore[1]
Date of birth	(1989-11-06) November 6, 1989 (age 22)
Place of birth	Livingston, New Jersey, United States
Height	6 ft 1 in (1.85 m)[2][3]
Playing position	Striker
Club information
Current club	AZ Alkmaar
Number	17
Youth career
2004–2006	IMG Soccer Academy
Senior career*
Years	Team	Apps†	(Gls)†
2006–2008	New York Red Bulls	37	(15)
2008–2011	Villarreal	9	(1)
2009	→ Xerez (loan)	0	(0)
2009–2010	→ Hull City (loan)	28	(1)
2011	→ Bursaspor (loan)	12	(1)
2011–	AZ	34	(15)
National team‡
2005	United States U17	2	(0)
2007	United States U20	5	(4)
2008	United States U23	3	(1)
2007–	United States	46	(13)
* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of 14 April 2012. † Appearances (Goals). ‡ National team caps and goals correct as of 29 February 2012

Josmer Volmy "Jozy" Altidore (born November 6, 1989)^[4] is an American soccer player currently playing for Eredivisie side AZ Alkmaar, and for the United States national team.

Altidore made his professional debut in 2006 at the age of 16 with the New York Red Bulls. In the middle of his third season with New York, in 2008, he made a transfer to Villarreal. During his time with Villarreal, he left on three loan stints – with Spanish Segunda División club Xerez in February–May 2009, English Premier League club Hull City for the entire 2009–10 season, and Turkish club Bursaspor where he went on a six month loan. In the summer of 2011, he made the switch to AZ Alkmaar.

Altidore has represented the United States on various levels of international competition, featuring for the United States U-17 team at the 2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship, U-20 team at the 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup, the U-23 team at the 2008 Beijing Olympics, and the senior national team at the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup and 2010 FIFA World Cup.

Early life[link]

The youngest of four children, Altidore was born in Livingston, New Jersey and raised in Boca Raton, Florida. He enjoyed playing soccer from the time he was a boy.^[5] His parents, Joseph and Giselle, were both born in Haiti (Altidore pays tribute to his heritage by wearing a wristband bearing both the flags of Haiti and the United States during his games). Growing up, he played club soccer for GBYSA and Boca Juniors Soccer Club. As a high schooler, he attended Boca Prep International School before joining the U.S. U-17 Residency program.

Club career[link]

New York Red Bulls[link]

Altidore was taken seventeenth overall in the 2006 MLS SuperDraft, with the MetroStars (now the New York Red Bulls) trading up to receive the selection. Altidore spent the majority of the 2006 season away from the team while working towards his high school diploma in Florida.

Altidore made his professional debut on August 23, 2006, as a substitute in a 3–1 U.S. Open Cup loss to D.C. United. He scored his first professional goal at the age of sixteen with an 83rd minute, 28-yard shot to beat the Columbus Crew 1–0 on September 16, 2006. Exactly one week later, on September 23, 2006, in a 4–3 loss to D.C. United, Altidore scored again. Scoring three times in seven appearances, including a crucial goal against Chicago Fire on September 30, 2006, Altidore became a fan favorite. He scored the Red Bulls' only goal of their 2–1 aggregate loss to D.C. United in the Eastern Conference Semifinals Series when he headed in a cross in the second leg. With that goal, he became the youngest player to score in the Major League Soccer playoffs at 16 years, 337 days (breaking DaMarcus Beasley's record by almost three years). Altidore was also youngest to start in a Major League Soccer playoff match on October 21 against D.C. United (16 years, 349 days). He also scored two goals in a 5–4 win over Los Angeles Galaxy on August 18, 2007.

Villarreal[link]

On June 4, 2008, Villarreal of La Liga agreed in principle with Major League Soccer and the New York Red Bulls to sign Altidore for roughly $10 million or €7.4 million.^[6][7] This transfer fee surpasses Fulham's fee for Clint Dempsey, which was $4 million or roughly £2 million, and is now the largest fee paid for any MLS player. Altidore finalized his personal contract and was unveiled by the club on June 11, 2008.^[8][9] On September 14, 2008, Jozy made his La Liga debut, coming on as a second half substitute against Deportivo La Coruña. On November 1, 2008, Jozy became the first American international to score in La Liga when he came on in the 90th minute and scored against Athletic Bilbao.^[10] On November 30, 2008, Jozy started his first game in La Liga against Recreativo Huelva. After spending a year and a half on loan, Altidore returned to Villarreal. He favored staying with Villarreal instead of another loan to try to prove to the club he is worth the investment they made two years ago.

Xerez[link]

On January 30, 2009, Villarreal agreed to loan Altidore to Xerez, leader of the Segunda División at the time of the transfer, until the end of the 2008–09 season.^[11] It was expected that the move would allow Altidore to get more playing time, and also allow him to continue the process of assimilating into the Spanish culture.^[12]

On April 16, 2009, Altidore underwent minor surgery on an injured toenail that required more than a month of recovery, resulting in him never making an appearance for Xerez.^[13]

Hull City[link]

On August 5, 2009, Altidore announced on his Twitter page that he would be loaned to English Premier League club Hull City.^[14] He joined Hull City the next day on a season-long loan with the option for Hull City to purchase his rights at the end of the 2009–10 season for a fee believed to be £6.5 million ($11 million).

On August 10, 2009, Hull City announced that they were successful in obtaining a work permit for Altidore.^[15] Altidore made his debut for Hull on August 22, 2009, coming on as a second-half substitute against Bolton. He provided the assist for Kamel Ghilas to score the only goal in a 1–0 home victory at the KC Stadium.^[16] On August 25, 2009, Altidore scored his first goal for Hull in a 3–1 win over Southend United in the second round of the League Cup.^[17] Altidore was popular with supporters but struggled to make a lasting impact with the Tigers as his finishing was often found wanting, however he did manage to score his first and only Premier League goal in the 2–1 home win over Manchester City on the 6th February.^[18] On 24 April, in an important game for Hull City's Premier League survival, he was dismissed for violent conduct after a spat with Sunderland's Alan Hutton who was also sent off. Hull City lost 1–0 and were all but relegated from the top flight.^[19]

Return to Villarreal[link]

On August 19, 2010, Altidore returned to competitive action for Villarreal, coming on in the 74th minute of their third qualifying round match of the Europa League.

Bursaspor[link]

On January 31, 2011, Altidore was loaned out to Turkish champions Bursaspor on a six-month loan.^[20] On Friday April 8, Altidore scored his first goal for his new club in a 3-2 home loss to Antalyaspor.^[21]

AZ[link]

On July 15, 2011, Altidore agreed to terms with Dutch side AZ Alkmaar.^[22] On 7 August, Altidore made his debut for the club as a second half substitute against PSV Eindhoven. Altidore scored in the 80th minute, helping his new side to a 3-1 opening day win.^[23] Altidore was again used as a sub in the club's next Eredivisie game as AZ fell 2-0 to FC Twente.^[24] Altidore made his first start in the league for AZ on 21 August, when they played host to NEC Nijmegen at the AFAS Stadion. After a goalless first-half, Altidore opened the scoring in the 54th minute, pouncing on the rebound after NEC goalkeeper Jasper Cillessen saved his header. Altidore scored again nineteen minutes later after some nice passing with Adam Maher and AZ ran out 4-0 winners.^[25]

On August 25, Altidore started in the second leg of the UEFA Europa League final qualifying match against Aalesunds FK from Norway. Before being substituted in the 63rd minute by Charlison Benschop, Altidore scored twice.^[26] His first goal in the 23nd minute gave AZ Alkmaar a 2-0 lead and his second goal in the 59th minute brought the score to 4-0 in a game AZ eventually won by 6-0.^[27] Altidore added to his Europa League account when he opened the scoring in the 21st minute of his side's first group match against Malmo FF on 15 September.^[28] After a long wait Altidore returned to the score sheet for AZ, netting in the 83rd minute of a 3-0 victory over ADO Den Haag on 6 November that also secured his side's 10th victory of the Eredivisie campaign.^[29] On December 4, Altidore scored his side's only goal in a 5-1 loss to Heerenveen.^[30] Altidore had to wait until 8 February 2012 to score his next league goal, grabbing a brace in a 6-0 win over ADO Den Haag.^[31] The result put AZ level on points with PSV at the top of the table.^[32]

Altidore headed in the winning goal against VVV Venlo on Sunday 22 April to keep AZ second in the table and their title hopes still alive.^[33]

International career[link]

Altidore with the national team in Amsterdam for a friendly game against the Netherlands.

Altidore has played for the United States national team at almost every level. Altidore attended the Bradenton Academy as a member of the United States U-17 national team, and was part of the squad at the 2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship, appearing as a substitute in the United States' 3–1 win over Italy and 2–0 loss to the Netherlands. He also played for the United States U-20 national team in its successful qualification to the 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup in Canada. During the group stage of the U-20 World Cup, Altidore tallied three goals, including two in the 2–1 win over Brazil, helping the Americans to advance at the top of group D. In the quarterfinals, Altidore scored a goal in the first half against Austria. Altidore led the U.S. with 4 goals in the tournament.

On November 17, 2007, Altidore received his first call-up to the full United States national team for a friendly against South Africa just eleven days after his eighteenth birthday. He came in as a sub in the 65th minute. In his second match, against Sweden, Altidore was again a second-half substitute, winning a penalty that Landon Donovan converted to break Eric Wynalda's record of 34 national team goals. On February 6, 2008, in a friendly versus Mexico, Altidore made his first start for the national team where he also scored his first goal.

In July 2008, Altidore was named to Piotr Nowak's United States U-23 national team roster that qualified for and competed at the 2008 Beijing Olympics. On August 10, 2008, he scored against the Netherlands to put the U.S. in front after coming on as a substitute.

Altidore scored his second senior international and first World Cup Qualifying goal on October 11, 2008, in a 6–1 victory over Cuba. He started in his first World Cup Qualifier on October 15, 2008 against Trinidad and Tobago, and set up Charlie Davies's second half goal, but later fouled a player in the penalty area leading to Dwight Yorke's game winner. He made amends in the next game by assisting Kenny Cooper's goal and drawing the foul that led to Freddy Adu's first international goal.

On March 28, 2009, Altidore scored his first away goal in World Cup Qualifying in the 2–2 draw with El Salvador. On April 1, 2009, Altidore scored three goals in a 3–0 victory over Trinidad and Tobago, making Altidore the youngest American to score a hat-trick in an international game.^[34]

On June 24, 2009, Altidore scored in the semi-final of the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup against Spain, turning club teammate Joan Capdevilla to get a clear shot on Iker Casillas' goal. The U.S. went on to defeat the Spanish team, 2–0.^[4] The following summer he appeared in every match the team played in the 2010 FIFA World Cup. No American forwards managed to score in the tournament, but Altidore played a major part, getting an assist on Michael Bradley's game-tying goal against Slovenia and putting a pass into the 6 yard box against Algeria that ultimately resulted in the game winning goal by Landon Donovan.

Altidore played a key role in the group stage of the 2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup, scoring the first U.S. goal of the tournament against Canada and later scoring the only goal that saw the defeat of Guadeloupe. In the early minutes of the quarterfinal match against Jamaica, Altidore had to be removed from the game with a pulled hamstring. He missed the remainder of the Gold Cup.^[35]

International goals[link]

#	Date	Venue	Opponent	Score	Result	Competition
01.	February 6, 2008	Reliant Stadium, Houston, USA	Mexico	2 – 1	2 – 2	Friendly
02.	October 11, 2008	RFK Stadium, Washington, D.C., USA	Cuba	5 – 1	6 – 1	Q 2010 World Cup
03.	March 28, 2009	Estadio Cuscatlán, San Salvador, El Salvador	El Salvador	1 – 2	2 – 2	Q 2010 World Cup
04.	April 1, 2009	LP Field, Nashville, USA	Trinidad and Tobago	1 – 0	3 – 0	Q 2010 World Cup
05.				2 – 0
06.				3 – 0
07.	June 24, 2009	Free State Stadium, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Spain	1 – 0	2 – 0	2009 Confederations Cup
08.	September 5, 2009	Rio Tinto Stadium, Sandy, USA	El Salvador	2 – 1	2 – 1	Q 2010 World Cup
09.	May 29, 2010	Lincoln Financial Field, Philadelphia, USA	Turkey	1 – 1	2 – 1	Friendly
10.	October 9, 2010	Soldier Field, Chicago, USA	Poland	1 – 0	2 – 2	Friendly
11.	June 7, 2011	Ford Field, Detroit, USA	Canada	1 – 0	2 – 0	2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup
12.	June 14, 2011	Livestrong Sporting Park, Kansas City, USA	Guadeloupe	1 – 0	1 – 0	2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup
13.	November 15, 2011	Stožice Stadium, Ljubljana, Slovenia	Slovenia	3 – 1	3 – 2	Friendly

Career statistics[link]

As of 22 April 2012

Personal[link]

In 2007, Altidore was a candidate for ESPN's Next Award and is one of the stars featured in Adidas' "Impossible is Nothing" advertisements. Altidore is featured on the cover of the North American version of FIFA 08 by EA Sports, alongside Ronaldinho and Guillermo Ochoa.^[36]

In November 2006 he, along with New York Red Bulls teammates Seth Stammler and fellow Haitian-American Jerrod Laventure, accompanied Haitian-born Grammy Award winning musician Wyclef Jean on a six-day service trip to Haiti for Jean's charitable organization, Yéle Haiti. Jean also wore Altidore's #17 jersey during a halftime performance with Shakira at the Red Bulls home opener.

Following the 2010 Haiti earthquake, Altidore joined the relief effort by asking people to donate to Yéle Haiti.^[37] He appeared on CNN to discuss his family members still living in Haiti and to encourage people to give money.^[38]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Jozy Altidore

• Jozy Altidore at National-Football-Teams.com
• Jozy Altidore career stats at Soccerbase
• Jozy Altidore profile on the Premier League official website
• Current Jozy Altidore News at followUSsoccer.com
• ESPN Profile
• Profile at SoccerSurfer.com

United States squads v t e United States squad – 2008 Summer Olympics 1 Seitz 2 Wynne 3 Orozco 4 Bradley 5 McCarty 6 Edu 7 Holden 8 Szetela 9 Davies 10 Feilhaber 11 Adu 12 Altidore 13 Ianni 14 Rogers 15 Parkhurst 16 Kljestan 17 McBride 18 Guzan Coach: Nowak v t e United States squad – 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup Runners-up 1 Howard 2 Bornstein 3 Bocanegra 4 Casey 5 Onyewu 6 Pearce 7 Beasley 8 Dempsey 9 Davies 10 Donovan 11 Wynne 12 M. Bradley 13 Clark 14 Califf 15 DeMerit 16 Kljestan 17 Altidore 18 Guzan 19 Adu 20 Torres 21 Spector 22 Feilhaber 23 Robles Coach: B. Bradley v t e United States squad – 2010 FIFA World Cup 1 Howard 2 Spector 3 Bocanegra (c) 4 M. Bradley 5 Onyewu 6 Cherundolo 7 Beasley 8 Dempsey 9 Gomez 10 Donovan 11 Holden 12 Bornstein 13 Clark 14 Buddle 15 DeMerit 16 Torres 17 Altidore 18 Guzan 19 Edu 20 Findley 21 Goodson 22 Feilhaber 23 Hahnemann Coach: B. Bradley v t e United States squad – 2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup Runners-up 1 Howard 2 Spector 3 Bocanegra 4 M. Bradley 5 Onyewu 6 Cherundolo 7 Edu 8 Dempsey 9 Agudelo 10 Donovan 11 Wondolowski 12 Bornstein 13 Jones 14 Lichaj 15 Ream 16 Kljestan 17 Altidore 18 Rimando 19 Rogers 20 Adu 21 Goodson 22 Bedoya 23 Hahnemann Coach: B. Bradley