"Tuesday Afternoon" (sometimes referred to as "Forever Afternoon (Tuesday?)", or simply "Forever Afternoon") is a 1968 single by English symphonic rock band The Moody Blues, and presented in its original album form on their 1967 album Days of Future Passed in two parts.

Part one[link]

The first part, the one most familiar to listeners, called "Tuesday Afternoon", was originally released on The Moody Blues 1967 album Days of Future Passed, a concept album chronicling a typical day. On the album, it was part one of "The Afternoon" track titled "Forever Afternoon (Tuesday?)".

Justin Hayward wrote the song originally intending to name it "Tuesday Afternoon". At the insistence of producer Tony Clarke, it was named "Forever Afternoon (Tuesday?)" for its release on Days of Future Passed. However, when it was released as a single a year later, its name was changed back to "Tuesday Afternoon", and it has been more commonly known by this name ever since. Some of the Moody Blues compilation and live albums list the song as "Tuesday Afternoon (Forever Afternoon)" to reflect both titles.

"Tuesday Afternoon" was released as a single in 1968, and was the second single from Days of Future Passed (the first being "Nights in White Satin"). It was backed with another Days track, "Another Morning". The single version of "Tuesday Afternoon" was oddly edited down to 2:16, ending before the repeat of the opening riff and "Tuesday afternoon" verse.

According to an interview with Justin Hayward, he wrote "Tuesday Afternoon" while sitting in the middle of a field near his home in England on a beautiful spring afternoon. He claims that he had his acoustic guitar in hand and the song just came to him. The song features Justin Hayward on lead vocals and acoustic guitar. The backing melody comes from the mellotron, which was played by Mike Pinder. There is also a short flute solo at the end played by Ray Thomas.

On Days of Future Passed, the London Festival Orchestra performs the final orchestral rendition of the chorus. This orchestral link between parts one and two of the song was recorded separately from the Moodys' portions. The link was arranged by Peter Knight, who arranged orchestral sections for the entire album. However, for the single release and subsequent releases on compilation albums, this orchestral finale was not included, and the song simply faded out during Ray Thomas's flute solo. The Moody Blues 1994 compilation album, Time Traveller, marked the first time the orchestral link was included on a compilation. Its release on 1998's Anthology also included the first-portion orchestral finale.

In concert, "Tuesday Afternoon" is usually ended with a short reprise of the opening acoustic guitar riff after the flute solo. Although, when the Moody Blues perform backed by a live orchestra, the original orchestral link ends the song.

Part two[link]

The second half of the album version is a track entitled "(Evening) Time to Get Away", which is uncredited on the original album. Composed by John Lodge, the song hinges on the end of a work day and returning home.

Most^{[clarification needed]} classic rock stations play the complete eight-minute track which contains both parts of the song^{[citation needed]}.

Use in advertising[link]

• In 2009, "Tuesday Afternoon" was included in a commercial for Visa's Check Card. The commercial depicted a man taking his daughter to an aquarium on a Tuesday afternoon, and is narrated by actor Morgan Freeman.

Personnel[link]

• Justin Hayward: lead vocal, acoustic guitar
• John Lodge: backing vocal, bass guitar
• Mike Pinder: mellotron, piano
• Ray Thomas: flute
• Graeme Edge: drums, percussion
• Peter Knight and the London Festival Orchestra: orchestral arrangements

Chart positions[link]

Cover versions[link]

• New-age piano player David Lanz recorded an instrumental version of "Tuesday Afternoon" for his album Songs from an English Garden.
• Jazz singer Bobbi Wilsyn performs "Tuesday Afternoon" on her album It's About Time.
• Northern Soul band The Senate covered "Tuesday Afternoon" on their L.P. Piper Club Dance
• Progrock singer/keyboardist Neal Morse covered "Tuesday Afternoon" on his album "Cover To Cover"
• Dutch 60's/70's band Etcetera Music Band covered "Tuesday Afternoon" and released it as a digital single in 2010.
• The Doughboys (NJ garage rockers) covered "Tuesday Afternoon" on their 2010 album "Act Your Rage"; their version was chosen to be "Coolest Song In The World" on Little Steven Van Zandt's Underground Garage show on Sirius/XM Satellite Radio.

External links[link]

• Interview with Justin Hayward on YouTube
• Visa Commercial with "Tuesday Afternoon" (YouTube)
• "Tuesday Afternoon" from Songfacts

Jennifer Brown (born February 18, 1972) is a Swedish singer.^[1] She was born in Hjällbo, northeast of Gothenburg.

When she moved to Stockholm in the 1990s, she started working as a phone receptionist for influential Swedish record label Telegram records and this eventually led to a record deal.^[2] Brown’s 1994 album Giving You The Best peaked at no 1 in the Swedish charts and stayed in the chart for 22 weeks. Her two follow up albums did not sell as well as her debut album, but did quite well in their own right with In My Garden (1997) peaking at no 9 and Vera (1998), peaking at no 8.^[3] She has recorded mainly as a solo artist, but also as part of the soul/jazz/pop crew Blacknuss.^[4] The single "Tuesday Afternoon" was a hit single in Scandinavia, and reached #57 in the UK Singles Chart.

Outside Scandinavia her work is perhaps best known, through the highly successful cover of her song Alive by trance artist Paul van Dyk, which was renamed We Are Alive and became a top 20 hit across Europe in 2000.

Personal life[link]

After recording four albums she traveled to the United States and spent a lot of time in New York and San Francisco, plus traveled to India.^[5] She met the father to her daughter during the film Förortsungar - Kidz in da Hood. He later left her in the middle of the pregnancy.^[2]

Musical style[link]

In the beginning her music was modern soul and R&B but later experimented with the acoustic singer-songwriter tradition and straight up radio friendly pop. Her 2009 mini album Bloom in November, was inspired by classic Motown sound.^[5]

She has recorded four albums and one EP to date.

Discography[link]

Albums[link]

• Giving You the Best (1994)
• In My Garden (1997)
• Vera (1999)
• Home (2003)
• Bloom in November EP (2009) ^[2]

Singles[link]

• Take a Piece of My Heart (1992)
• Heaven Come Down (1993)
• In My Garden (1997)
• When to hold on (1997)
• Alive (1998)
• Tuesday Afternoon (1998)
• Two in the Morning (1999)
• Weak (2003)

Film[link]

• Kidz in da Hood ^[6]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website

This article about a Swedish singer is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

This article's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. Please improve this article by removing excessive or inappropriate external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into footnote references. (January 2012)

Vint Cerf
Vint Cerf in Vilnius, September 2010.
Born	(1943-06-23) June 23, 1943 (age 69) New Haven, Connecticut
Residence	USA
Citizenship	United States of America
Fields	Computer science
Institutions	IBM,[1] UCLA,[1] Stanford University,[1] DARPA,[1] MCI,[1][2] CNRI,[1] Google[3]
Alma mater	Stanford University, UCLA
Known for	TCP/IP Internet Society
Notable awards	National Medal of Technology Presidential Medal of Freedom Turing Award

Vinton Gray "Vint" Cerf^[1] (/ˈsɜrf/; born June 23, 1943) is an American computer scientist, who is recognized as one of^[4] "the fathers of the Internet",^[5] sharing this title with American computer scientist Bob Kahn.^[6][7] His contributions have been acknowledged and lauded, repeatedly, with honorary degrees and awards that include the National Medal of Technology,^[1] the Turing Award,^[8] the Presidential Medal of Freedom,^[9] and membership in the National Academy of Engineering.

In the early days, Cerf was a program manager for the United States Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) funding various groups to develop TCP/IP technology. When the Internet began to transition to a commercial opportunity during the late 1980s,^{[citation needed]} Cerf moved to MCI where he was instrumental in the development of the first commercial email system (MCI Mail) connected to the Internet.

Vinton Cerf was instrumental in the funding and formation of ICANN from the start. Cerf waited in the wings for a year before he stepped forward to join the ICANN Board. Eventually he became the Chairman of ICANN. Cerf was elected as the president of the Association for Computing Machinery in May 2012^[10].

Cerf also went to Van Nuys High School along with Jon Postel and Steve Crocker; he wrote the former's obituary. Both were also instrumental in the creation of the Internet as we know it (see articles).

Life and career[link]

Cerf was born in New Haven, Connecticut, the son of Muriel (née Gray), a homemaker, and Vinton Thurston Cerf, an aerospace executive.^[11][12] Cerf's first job after obtaining his B.S. degree in Mathematics from Stanford University was at IBM, where he worked for less than two years as a systems engineer supporting QUIKTRAN.^[1] He left IBM to attend graduate school at UCLA where he earned his M.S. degree in 1970 and his PhD degree in 1972.^[13] During his graduate student years, he studied under Professor Gerald Estrin, worked in Professor Leonard Kleinrock's data packet networking group that connected the first two nodes of the ARPANet,^[14] the predecessor^[14] to the Internet, and "contributed to a host-to-host protocol" for the ARPANet.^[15] While at UCLA, he also met Robert E. Kahn, who was working on the ARPANet hardware architecture.^[15] After receiving his doctorate, Cerf became an assistant professor at Stanford University from 1972–1976, where he conducted research on packet network interconnection protocols and co-designed the DoD TCP/IP protocol suite with Kahn.^[15] Cerf then moved to DARPA in 1976, where he stayed until 1982.

Cerf playing Spacewar! on the Computer History Museum's PDP-1, ICANN meeting, 2007.

As vice president of MCI Digital Information Services from 1982–1986, Cerf led the engineering of MCI Mail, the first commercial email service to be connected to the Internet. Cerf rejoined MCI during 1994 and served as Senior Vice President of Technology Strategy. In this role, he helped to guide corporate strategy development from a technical perspective. Previously, he served as MCI's senior vice president of Architecture and Technology, leading a team of architects and engineers to design advanced networking frameworks, including Internet-based solutions for delivering a combination of data, information, voice and video services for business and consumer use.

In 1992 he co-founded, with Bob Kahn the Internet Society to provide leadership in Internet related standards, education and policy.

During 1997, Cerf joined the Board of Trustees of Gallaudet University, a university for the education of the deaf and hard-of-hearing.^[16] Cerf himself is hard of hearing.^[17]

Cerf has worked for Google as a Vice President and Chief Internet Evangelist since September 2005.^[3] In this function he has become well known for his predictions on how technology will affect future society, encompassing such areas as artificial intelligence, environmentalism, the advent of IPv6 and the transformation of the television industry and its delivery model.^[18]

Since 2010, Cerf has served as a Commissioner for the Broadband Commission for Digital Development, a UN body which aims to make broadband internet technologies more widely available.

Cerf joined the board of the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) in 1999, and served until the end of 2007.^[19]

Cerf was a member of the Bulgarian President Georgi Parvanov's IT Advisory Council (from March 2002 till January 2012). He is also a member of the Advisory Board of Eurasia Group, the political risk consultancy.^[20]

Cerf is also working on the Interplanetary Internet, together with NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. It will be a new standard to communicate from planet to planet, using radio/laser communications that are tolerant of signal degradation.^[21]

On February 7, 2006, Cerf testified before the U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation's Hearing on “Network Neutrality”.^[22] Speaking as Google's Chief Internet Evangelist, Cerf noted that nearly half of all consumers lacked meaningful choice in broadband providers and expressed concerns that without network neutrality government regulation, broadband providers would be able to use their dominance to limit options for consumers and charge companies like Google for their use of band width.^[23]

Cerf currently serves on the board of advisors of Scientists and Engineers for America, an organization focused on promoting sound science in American government.^[24] He also serves on the advisory council of CRDF Global.

Cerf is on the board of trustees of ARIN, the Regional Internet Registry (RIR) of IP addresses for United States, Canada, and part of the Caribbean.^[25]

Cerf is on the board of directors of StopBadware, a non-profit anti-malware organization that Google has supported since its inception as a project at Harvard University's Berkman Center for Internet & Society.^[26][27]

Cerf is on the board of advisors of The Hyperwords Company Ltd of the UK, which works to make the web more usefully interactive and which has produced the free Firefox Add-On called 'Hyperwords'.^[28]

During 2008 Cerf chaired the IDNAbis working group of the IETF.^[29]

Cerf was a major contender to be designated the nation's first Chief Technology Officer by President Barack Obama.^[30]

Cerf is the co-chair of Campus Party Silicon Valley, the US edition of one of the largest technology festivals in the world, along with Al Gore and Tim Berners-Lee.^[31]

On May 24, 2012, the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) announced that Cerf was elected to the 2 year term post of President beginning July 1, 2012.^[32]

Awards and honors[link]

Cerf and Bob E. Kahn being awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President George W. Bush

Cerf has received a number of honorary degrees, including doctorates, from the University of the Balearic Islands, ETHZ in Zurich, Switzerland, Capitol College, Gettysburg College, George Mason University, Marymount University, University of Pisa, University of Rovira and Virgili (Tarragona, Spain), Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Luleå University of Technology (Sweden), University of Twente (Netherlands), Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Brooklyn Polytechnic, UPCT (University of Cartagena, Spain), Royal Roads University (Canada) and Polytechnic University of Madrid.

Further awards include:

• Edward A. Dickson Alumnus of the Year Award from UCLA^[33]
• Prince of Asturias award for science and technology
• Fellow of the IEEE, 1988, "for contributions and leadership in the design, development, and application of internet protocols"
• Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery, 1994, for "vision and leadership in the design, implementation, evolution, and dissemination of the TCP/IP computer communication protocol suite"
• Yuri Rubinsky Memorial Award, 1996
• SIGCOMM Award for "contributions to the Internet [spanning] more than 25 years, from development of the fundamental TCP/IP protocols".^[34]
• Certificate of Merit from The Franklin Institute, in 1996.
• In December 1997 he, along with his partner Robert E. Kahn, was presented with the National Medal of Technology by President Bill Clinton, "for creating and sustaining development of Internet Protocols and continuing to provide leadership in the emerging industry of internetworking."^[35]
• He received the Living Legend Medal from the Library of Congress in April 2000
• He was inducted as a Fellow of the Computer History Museum in November 2000
• Cerf was selected as a Fellow of the Association for Women in Science (AWIS) in 2000
• Cerf and Kahn were the winners of the Turing Award for 2004,^[8] for their "pioneering work on internetworking, including .. the Internet's basic communications protocols .. and for inspired leadership in networking."^[36]
• In November 2005, Vinton Cerf and Kahn were awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President George W. Bush for their contributions to the creation of the Internet.^[9]
• He and Robert Kahn were inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in May 2006
• Vinton Cerf was awarded the St. Cyril and Methodius in the Coat of Arms Order in July 2006^[37]
• Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn were each inducted as an Honorary Fellow of the Society for Technical Communication (STC) in May 2006
• He and Robert Kahn were awarded the Japan Prize in January 2008.^[38]
• Cerf was inducted into the Worshipful Company of Information Technologists and given the Freedom of the City of London in April 2008.
• Dr. Cerf was awarded an honorary membership in the Yale Political Union after keynoting a lively debate on the subject "Resolved: Online Communities are Real Communities." The motion passed.^[39]
• In celebration of the five year-anniversary of YouTube he was selected as a guest curator by the site, and chose the six videos on YouTube he found most memorable.^[40]
• In May 2011, he was awarded an HPI Fellowship as “[...]a tribute to his work for a new medium which influenced the everyday life of our society like no other one.”^[41]
• In September 2011 he was made a distinguished fellow of British Computer Society, in recognition of his outstanding contribution and service to the advancement of computing.^[42]
• 2012 Internet Hall of Fame^[43]

Partial bibliography[link]

Cerf speaking at the National Library of New Zealand.

Cerf at 2007 Los Angeles ICANN meeting.

Author[link]

• Zero Text Length EOF Message (RFC 13, August 1969)
• IMP-IMP and HOST-HOST Control Links (RFC 18, September 1969)
• ASCII format for network interchange (RFC 20, October 1969)
• Host-host control message formats (RFC 22, October 1969)
• Data transfer protocols (RFC 163, May 1971)
• PARRY encounters the DOCTOR (RFC 439, January 1973)
• 'Twas the night before start-up (RFC 968, December 1985)
• Report of the second Ad Hoc Network Management Review Group, RFC 1109, August 1989
• Internet Activities Board, RFC 1120, September 1989
• Thoughts on the National Research and Education Network, RFC 1167, July 1990
• Networks, Scientific American Special Issue on Communications, Computers, and Networks, September, 1991
• Guidelines for Internet Measurement Activities, October 1991
• A VIEW FROM THE 21ST CENTURY, RFC 1607, April 1, 1994
• An Agreement between the Internet Society and Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the Matter of ONC RPC and XDR Protocols, RFC 1790, April 1995
• I REMEMBER IANA, RFC 2468, October 17, 1998
• Memo from the Consortium for Slow Commotion Research (CSCR, RFC 1217, April 1, 1999
• The Internet is for Everyone, RFC 3271, April 2002

Co-author[link]

• Vinton Cerf, Robert Kahn, A Protocol for Packet Network Intercommunication (IEEE Transactions on Communications, May 1974)
• Vinton Cerf, Y. Dalal, C. Sunshine, Specification of Internet Transmission Control Program (RFC 675, December 1974)
• Vinton Cerf, Jon Postel, Mail transition plan (RFC 771, September 1980)
• Vinton Cerf, K.L. Mills Explaining the role of GOSIP, RFC 1169, August 1990
• Clark, Chapin, Cerf, Braden, Hobby, Towards the Future Internet Architecture, RFC 1287, December 1991
• Vinton Cerf et al., A Strategic Plan for Deploying an Internet X.500 Directory Service, RFC 1430, February 1993
• Vinton Cerf & Bob Kahn, Al Gore and the Internet, 2000-09-28^[44]
• Vinton Cerf et al., Internet Radio Communication System July 9, 2002, U.S. Patent 6,418,138
• Vinton Cerf et al., System for Distributed Task Execution June 3, 2003, U.S. Patent 6,574,628
• Vinton Cerf et al., Delay-Tolerant Networking Architecture (Informational Status), RFC 4838, April 2007

Notes and references[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Vint Cerf

• A Protocol For Packet Network Intercommunication The IEEE paper Cerf co-wrote with Bob Kahn that describes TCP.
• Oral history interview with Vinton G. Cerf. Charles Babbage Institute University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Cerf describes his involvement with the ARPA network, including his work for the Network Measurement Center at UCLA, and his relationships with Bolt Beranek and Newman, Robert Kahn, Lawrence Roberts, and the Network Working Group. Aso discusses development of the TCP/IP protocol, IPTO funding at Stanford University, his decision in 1976 to become a program manager for networking projects at IPTO, and the military use of IPTO networking projects.
• Vint Cerf video lecture "Mobile and the Interplanetary Internet (Bundle Protocol on Earth and beyond)" at Aarhus University, Denmark
• Vint Cerf video lecture "The Internet in 2035"
• Vint Cerf video interview on the evolution of the Internet
• Vint Cerf audio interview on The History of the Internet: Part I – Past – 16 minutes. Precursors & origins of the Internet
• Vint Cerf audio interview on The History of the Internet: Part II – Present – 18 minutes. Internet Neutrality, Cloud Computing, Open Source / Collaboration
• Vint Cerf audio interview on The History of the Internet: Part III – Future – 12 minutes. NASA's Interplanetary Internet, Speech & Gestural Interfaces, Quantum Entanglement
• Internet Pioneers – Vint Cerf
• ICANNWiki on Vint Cerf
• Vint Cerf on "Freedom of the Internet", 45 mins., official web stream of presentation for Hungarian "TV University", March 2007
• DeafLife features on Vint Cerf, November 1997
• Vint Cerf lecture "Tracking the Internet into the 21st century" for the Worshipful Company of Information Technologists at City University London in April 2008.
• Vint Cerf on the future of the internet
• Vinton Cerf on IPv6, video keynote for the German IPv6 summit 2008
• Vinton Cerf Headline PTC's PTC'09 Conference January 2009. Video:Part 1 Part 2 Part 3
• One hour radio interview about Google and the future of the internet on Entitled Opinions with Robert P. Harrison
• Archive of 'Cerf's Up' webpages while at MCI, Inc..
• Keynote Speaker at Internet Librarian 2009, October 2009
• Tracking the Internet into the 21st century discussion with Larry Smarr at University of California San Diego, April 2007
• Video of interview What’s Next with the Internet at Churchill Club, January 2010
• Keeping the Net Healthy discussion with Paul Mockapetris, Esther Dyson, and Bruce McConnell at The Commonwealth Club, October 2010
• Father Knows Best, An in depth interview with Vint Cerf on Innovation, Part 1, July 2011
• Father Knows Best, An in depth interview with Vint Cerf on Innovation, Part 2, July 2011
• Thought Economics Interviews Vint Cerf Interview with Vint Cerf on the role of the Internet in Society, November 2011

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