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Acropolis of Athens
The Acropolis of Athens or Citadel of Athens is the best known acropolis (Gr. akros, akron, edge, extremity + polis, city, pl. acropoleis) in the world. Although there are many other acropoleis in Greece, the significance of the Acropolis of Athens is such that it is commonly known as The Acropolis without qualification. The Acropolis was formally proclaimed as the pre-eminent monument on the European Cultural Heritage list of monuments on 26 March 2007. The Acropolis is a flat-topped rock that rises above sea level in the city of Athens, with a surface area of about 3 hectares. It was also known as Cecropia, after the legendary serpent-man, Cecrops, the first Athenian king.
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Brihadeshwara temple
http://wn.com/Brihadeshwara_temple -
Colosseum
The Colosseum, or the Coliseum, originally the Flavian Amphitheatre (Latin: Amphitheatrum Flavium, Italian Anfiteatro Flavio or Colosseo), is an elliptical amphitheatre in the centre of the city of Rome, Italy, the largest ever built in the Roman Empire. It is considered one of the greatest works of Roman architecture and Roman engineering.
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Egypt
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Egyptian pyramids
The Egyptian pyramids are ancient pyramid-shaped masonry structures located in Egypt.
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Great Britain
Great Britain is an island situated to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the ninth largest island in the world, and the largest European island. With a population of about 60.0 million people in mid-2009, it is the third most populated island on Earth. Great Britain is surrounded by over 1,000 smaller islands and islets. The island of Ireland lies to its west. Politically, Great Britain may also refer to the island itself together with a number of surrounding islands which comprise the territory of England, Scotland and Wales.
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Greece
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Madrid, Spain
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NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA, ) is an Executive Branch agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's civilian space program and aeronautics and aerospace research. Since February 2006, NASA's self-described mission statement is to "pioneer the future in space exploration, scientific discovery and aeronautics research."
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Parthenon
The Parthenon (Ancient Greek: ) is a temple in the Athenian Acropolis, Greece, dedicated to the Greek goddess Athena, whom the people of Athens considered their protector. Its construction began in 447 BCE and was completed in 438 BCE, although decorations of the Parthenon continued until 431 BCE. It is the most important surviving building of Classical Greece, generally considered to be the culmination of the development of the Doric order. Its decorative sculptures are considered some of the high points of Greek art. The Parthenon is regarded as an enduring symbol of Ancient Greece and of Athenian democracy and one of the world's greatest cultural monuments. The Greek Ministry of Culture is currently carrying out a programme of selective restoration and reconstruction to ensure the stability of the partially ruined structure.
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Pharos of Alexandria
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Pyramid of Djoser
The Pyramid of Djoser (Zoser), or step pyramid (kbhw-ntrw in Egyptian) is an archeological remain in the Saqqara necropolis, Egypt, northwest of the city of Memphis. It was built for the burial of Pharaoh Djoser by his vizier Imhotep, during the 27th century BC. It is the central feature of a vast mortuary complex in an enormous courtyard surrounded by ceremonial structures and decoration.
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Saqqara
Saqqara (or Sakkara, Saqqarah; ) is a vast, ancient burial ground in Egypt, serving as the necropolis for the Ancient Egyptian capital, Memphis. Saqqara features numerous pyramids, including the world famous Step pyramid of Djoser, sometimes referred to as the Step Tomb due to its rectangular base, as well as a number of mastabas. Located some 30 km south of modern-day Cairo, Saqqara covers an area of around 7 km by 1.5 km.
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Teotihuacán
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Yale University
Yale University is a private Ivy League university located in New Haven, Connecticut. Founded in 1701 in the Colony of Connecticut, the university is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States.
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Alan Emtage
Alan Emtage (born November 27, 1964) conceived and implemented the first version of Archie, a pre-Web internet search engine for locating material in public FTP archives.
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Albert Einstein
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Alessandro Volta
Count Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta (18 February 1745 – 5 March 1827) was an Italian physicist known especially for the development of the first electric cell in 1800.
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Archimedes
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Aristotle
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Auguste Comte
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Averroes
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C. D. Broad
C. D. Broad (full name Charlie Dunbar Broad; 30 December 1887 - 11 March 1971) was an English epistemologist, historian of philosophy, philosopher of science, moral philosopher, and writer on the philosophical aspects of psychical research. He was known for his thorough and dispassionate examinations of arguments in such works as The Mind and Its Place in Nature, published in 1925, Scientific Thought, published in 1930, and ''Examination of McTaggart's Philosophy'', published in 1933.
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Carl Gustav Hempel
Carl Gustav "Peter" Hempel (born January 8, 1905 in Oranienburg, Germany died November 9, 1997 in Princeton, New Jersey) was a philosopher of science and a major figure in 20th-century logical empiricism. He is especially well-known for his articulation of the Deductive-nomological model of scientific explanation, which was considered the "standard model" of scientific explanation during the 1950s and 1960's. He is also known for the Raven paradox, which highlights the problem of induction.
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Daniel Dennett
Daniel Clement Dennett (born March 28, 1942 in Boston) is an American philosopher and cognitive scientist whose research centers on the philosophy of mind, philosophy of science and philosophy of biology, particularly as those fields relate to evolutionary biology and cognitive science. He graduated from Harvard with a B.A in philosophy, then after completing his D.Phil at the University of Oxford. He is currently the co-director of the Center for Cognitive Studies, the Austin B. Fletcher Professor of Philosophy, and a University Professor at Tufts University. Dennett is a noted atheist and secularist, a member of the Secular Coalition for America advisory board, as well as a prominent advocate of the Brights movement.
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Francis Bacon
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Galileo Galilei
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Genrich Altshuller
http://wn.com/Genrich_Altshuller -
Georg Ohm
'''
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Heinrich Hertz
http://wn.com/Heinrich_Hertz -
Henri Poincaré
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Henry Petroski
Henry Petroski is an American engineer, civil engineering and history professor at Duke University where he specializes in failure analysis. He is a prolific author, having written over a dozen books - beginning with To Engineer is Human: The Role of Failure in Successful Design (1985) and including a number of titles detailing the industrial design history of common, everyday objects, such as pencils, paper clips, and silverware. He is a frequent lecturer and a columnist for the magazines American Scientist and Prism. His most recently published book is The Essential Engineer: Why Science Alone Will Not Solve Our Global Problems.
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Herbert Spencer
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Hugh of Saint Victor
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Imhotep
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Immanuel Kant
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Imre Lakatos
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Isaac Newton
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James Watt
James Watt, FRS, FRSE (19 January 1736 – 25 August 1819) was a Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer whose improvements to the Newcomen steam engine were fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in both the Kingdom of Great Britain and the world.
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John Dewey
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John Stuart Mill
John Stuart Mill (20 May 1806 – 8 May 1873) was a British philosopher and civil servant. An influential contributor to social theory, political theory, and political economy, his conception of liberty justified the freedom of the individual in opposition to unlimited state control. He was a proponent of utilitarianism, an ethical theory developed by Jeremy Bentham, although his conception of it was very different from Bentham's. Hoping to remedy the problems found in an inductive approach to science, such as confirmation bias, he clearly set forth the premises of falsification as the key component in the scientific method. Mill was also a Member of Parliament and an important figure in liberal political philosophy.
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Jürgen Habermas
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Karl Popper
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Larry Laudan
Larry Laudan (b. Austin, Texas 1941) is a contemporary philosopher of science and epistemologist. He has strongly criticized the traditions of positivism, realism, and relativism, and he has defended a view of science as a privileged and progressive institution against popular challenges. Laudan's philosophical view of "research traditions" is seen as an important alternative to Imre Lakatos's "research programs."
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Leonardo da Vinci
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Leonardo Da Vinci
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Michael Faraday
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Otto Neurath
Otto Neurath (Vienna, December 10, 1882 - Oxford, December 22, 1945) was an Austrian philosopher of science, sociologist, and political economist. Before he was forced to flee his native country for Great Britain in the wake of the Nazi occupation, Neurath was one of the leading figures of the Vienna Circle.
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Paul Feyerabend
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Pharaoh
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Pierre Duhem
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Pierre Gassendi
Pierre Gassendi (January 22, 1592 – October 24, 1655) was a French philosopher, priest, scientist, astronomer, and mathematician. With a church position in south-east France, he also spent much time in Paris, where he was a leader of a group of free-thinking intellectuals. He was also an active observational scientist, publishing the first data on the transit of Mercury in 1631. The lunar crater Gassendi is named after him.
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Plato
:For other uses, see Plato (disambiguation) and Platon (disambiguation).
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R.B. Braithwaite
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René Descartes
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Robert Kilwardby
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Robert Maillart
Robert Maillart (February 6, 1872 - April 5, 1940) was a Swiss civil engineer who revolutionized reinforced concrete with such designs as the three-hinged arch, the deck-stiffened arch, and the mushroom slab.
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Roger Bacon
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Rudolf Carnap
Rudolf Carnap (May 18, 1891 – September 14, 1970) was an influential German-born philosopher who was active in Europe before 1935 and in the United States thereafter. He was a leading member of the Vienna Circle and a prominent advocate of logical positivism.
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Stephen Toulmin
Stephen Edelston Toulmin (25 March 1922 - 4 December 2009) was a British philosopher, author, and educator. Influenced by Ludwig Wittgenstein, Toulmin devoted his works to the analysis of moral reasoning. Throughout his writings, he sought to develop practical arguments which can be used effectively in evaluating the ethics behind moral issues. His works were later found useful in the field of rhetoric for analyzing rhetorical arguments. The Toulmin Model of Argumentation, a diagram containing six interrelated components used for analyzing arguments, was considered his most influential work, particularly in the field of rhetoric and communication, and in computer science.
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Teotihuacán
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Theodore von Kármán
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Thomas Hobbes
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Thomas Samuel Kuhn
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Thomas Savery
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Vitruvius
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W.V.O. Quine
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Wilhelm Windelband
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Wilhelm Wundt
Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt (16 August 1832 - 31 August 1920) was a German medical doctor, psychologist, physiologist, philosopher, and professor, known today as one of the founding figures of modern psychology. He is widely regarded as the "father of experimental psychology". In 1879, Wundt founded one of the first formal laboratories for psychological research at the University of Leipzig.
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Willard Gibbs
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William of Ockham
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William Whewell
William Whewell (24 May 1794 – 6 March 1866) was an English polymath, scientist, Anglican priest, philosopher, theologian, and historian of science. His surname is .
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World War I
World War I was a military conflict centered on Europe that began in the summer of 1914. The fighting ended in late 1918. This conflict involved all of the world's great powers, assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies (centred around the Triple Entente) and the Central Powers. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilized in one of the largest wars in history. More than 9 million combatants were killed, due largely to great technological advances in firepower without corresponding ones in mobility. It was the second deadliest conflict in history.
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Wright brothers
The Wright brothers, Orville (August 19, 1871 – January 30, 1948) and Wilbur (April 16, 1867 – May 30, 1912), were two Americans who are generally credited with inventing and building the world's first successful airplane and making the first controlled, powered and sustained heavier-than-air human flight, on December 17, 1903. In the two years afterward, the brothers developed their flying machine into the first practical fixed-wing aircraft. Although not the first to build and fly experimental aircraft, the Wright brothers were the first to invent aircraft controls that made fixed-wing powered flight possible.
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Is Engineering Right For Me?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:29
- Published: 03 Mar 2008
- Updated: 14 Oct 2012
Aimed at high school students considering engineering as a career, this video by the University at Buffalo School of Engineering and Applied Sciences describes the unique features of engineering thinking and problem solving.
http://wn.com/Is_Engineering_Right_For_Me?
Engineering
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:19
- Published: 14 Mar 2012
- Updated: 12 Oct 2012
Engineering is about designing processes and making products to solve real-world problems. Studying Engineering at university enables you to develop your knowledge, skills, imagination and experience to the highest levels in readiness for your future career. The Cambridge course is unique. It isn't a 'general' course but allows you to keep your options open while equipping you with all the analytical, design and computing skills that underpin modern engineering practice.. To find out more about Engineering at Cambridge, see www.study.cam.ac.uk Some of the students who appear in our course films are also featured in the 60 Second Impressions series, which can be found at www.cam.ac.uk - keep checking back as we'll be adding new films every couple of weeks!
http://wn.com/Engineering
How to Reverse-Engineer a Satellite TV Smart Card
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:35
- Published: 02 Jun 2008
- Updated: 13 Oct 2012
Notorious hacker Chris Tarnovsky opens his underground laboratory to Wired.com, providing a peek into the world of satellite TV smart-card hacking. This complicated process involves nail polish, a pin head and various acids -- so don't try this at home (unless you're Chris Tarnovsky)!
http://wn.com/How_to_Reverse-Engineer_a_Satellite_TV_Smart_Card
Introduction to Chemical Engineering | Lecture 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 48:09
- Published: 18 Aug 2008
- Updated: 14 Oct 2012
Professor Channing Robertson of the Stanford University Chemical Engineering Department gives an introductory lecture, outline, and background for the course. Introduction to Chemical Engineering (E20) is an introductory course offered by the Stanford University Engineering Department. It provides a basic overview of the chemical engineering field today and delves into the applications of chemical engineering. Stanford Chemical Engineering Department: cheme.stanford.edu Stanford University: www.stanford.edu Stanford University Channel on YouTube: www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Introduction_to_Chemical_Engineering_|_Lecture_1
Modern_Marvels_-_Engineering_Diasters
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 43:06
- Published: 05 May 2012
- Updated: 14 Oct 2012
Modern_Marvels_-_Engineering_Diasters
http://wn.com/Modern_Marvels_-_Engineering_Diasters
Engineer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:49
- Published: 13 May 2007
- Updated: 14 Oct 2012
Worship engineers -dilbert
http://wn.com/Engineer
Robert Full: Engineering and evolution
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 20:56
- Published: 23 Jun 2008
- Updated: 09 Oct 2012
www.ted.com Insects and animals have evolved some amazing skills -- but, as Robert Full notes, many animals are actually over-engineered. The trick is to copy only what's necessary. He shows how human engineers can learn from animals' tricks.
http://wn.com/Robert_Full_Engineering_and_evolution
"the worst test" - an engineering flash mob
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:20
- Published: 16 Sep 2012
- Updated: 15 Oct 2012
skule nite 1t3 warns students about the hardships of engineering at an university of toronto engineering exam. originally performed in skule nite 1t0 - directed by dan marquez. lyrics by jonny sun. based on gangster's paradise by coolio. www.skulenite.ca http
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How an Engineer folds a T-Shirt
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:17
- Published: 08 Jun 2006
- Updated: 14 Oct 2012
I know what I'm doing this weekend UPDATE: To the sudden explosion of people who commented on this, allow me to clarify a few things. I'm not an engineer, I am a nerd and do like making odd stuff like this occasionally. I made one of these devices using this vid and posted it up here so a mate of mine in Canada could see it. To the people leaving rather idiotic comments about me needing a life, to each his own, but someone did this in plastic and is probably making millions. I didn't make the video, something I should have clarified, I don't own the company shown, and yes I know they use em in department stores, that would be where I got the idea of making my own, seeing as this probably took bit of nutting out to make I think it qualifies as engineering, as most engineers I know like complex solutions to simple problems Lastly, it's a bit of fun. Remember that? Or is a pre-requisite to have all whimsy forcibly extracted when you get an internet connection?
http://wn.com/How_an_Engineer_folds_a_T-Shirt
An Engineer's Guide to Cats
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:58
- Published: 13 Feb 2008
- Updated: 14 Oct 2012
Two professional engineers illustrate the proper care and practical benefits of cats. None of the cats, humans, or engineers were mistreated in the making of this film. They were however, slightly annoyed. T-shirts and other goodies available at: www.cafepress.com "Art Critic" music is Mozart "Requiem, Rex Tremendae" and song on ending credits is called "Sparky's New Bike" both from Shockwave-sound.com royalty free music website.
http://wn.com/An_Engineer's_Guide_to_Cats
Introduction Video of Civil Engineering
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:17
- Published: 03 Jun 2007
- Updated: 11 Oct 2012
The video clip for the Hong Kong Tang King Po College, Oscar Presentation 2007, 6A. Topic : Civil Engineering.
http://wn.com/Introduction_Video_of_Civil_Engineering
Richard Hammond's Engineering Connections - (S01E01) Airbus A380
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 45:37
- Published: 27 Jan 2012
- Updated: 13 Oct 2012
Richard Hammond's: Engineering Connections - (S01E01) Airbus A380 The contents in this video belong to the BBC and I am only posting this up for entertainment purposes. I do not claim any rights on the video and am not making profit off it. Enjoy :)
http://wn.com/Richard_Hammond's_Engineering_Connections_S01E01_Airbus_A380
Engineering Careers Intro
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:15
- Published: 07 Jul 2008
- Updated: 12 Oct 2012
ACEC California / CELSOC video about engineering
http://wn.com/Engineering_Careers_Intro
What Mechanical Engineers Do When They Retire
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:18
- Published: 19 Dec 2008
- Updated: 13 Oct 2012
Here's what retired engineers decided to do :)
http://wn.com/What_Mechanical_Engineers_Do_When_They_Retire
Trust me, i'm an engineer !
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:34
- Published: 24 Jun 2012
- Updated: 15 Oct 2012
Trust me, i'm an engineer ! come and visit my book of faces ! www.facebook.com or birdy site twitter.com Comment, subscribe and share ! you can download like a pirat, or simply here download : www.vilkaz.com if you have questions (like can you give me link to the Video of the Washmashine) or guitar acords :) Check your PM on youtube ;) or simply ask me on facebook, i answer everyone. washmashine clip = www.youtube.com ps facebook follovers allready listening to new video ;) but no1 does read this anyways :}
http://wn.com/Trust_me,_i'm_an_engineer_!
IBM Fellow Grady Booch: Why Engineering?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:41
- Published: 09 Oct 2009
- Updated: 26 Sep 2012
Grady Booch is recognized internationally for his innovative work in software architecture, software engineering, and collaborative development environments. He has devoted his life's work to improving the art and the science of software development. Grady served as IBM's Chief Scientist of Rational Software Corporation since its founding in 1981 and through its acquisition by IBM in 2003. He now is part of the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center serving as Chief Scientist for Software Engineering, where he continues his work on the Handbook of Software Architecture and also leads several projects in software engineering that are beyond the constraints of immediate product horizons. Grady continues to engage with customers working on real problems and is working to build deep relationships with academia and other research organizations around the world. Grady is one of the original authors of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) and was also one of the original developers of several of Rational's products. Grady has served as architect and architectural mentor for numerous complex software-intensive systems around the world in just about every domain imaginable.
http://wn.com/IBM_Fellow_Grady_Booch_Why_Engineering?
Lec 22 | MIT 16.885J Aircraft Systems Engineering, Fall 2005
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 111:11
- Published: 04 Feb 2008
- Updated: 22 Sep 2012
Test Flying the Space Shuttle View the complete course: ocw.mit.edu License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA More information at ocw.mit.edu More courses at ocw.mit.edu
http://wn.com/Lec_22_|_MIT_16885J_Aircraft_Systems_Engineering,_Fall_2005
710 HP STaSIS Engineering R8 V10 Spyder
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:51
- Published: 30 Nov 2010
- Updated: 14 Oct 2012
The Smoking Tire hits the canyons with one of the fastest Audi's on the road: Stasis Engineering's Supercharged R8 5.2 FSI. Matt Farah wrings out the red Spyder on an empty canyon road, proving that no amount of horsepower is ever too much.
http://wn.com/710_HP_STaSIS_Engineering_R8_V10_Spyder
What is Engineering
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:38
- Published: 14 Dec 2009
- Updated: 12 Oct 2012
Is Becoming An Engineer Worth All the Hard Work?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:33
- Published: 05 Nov 2009
- Updated: 13 Oct 2012
Are you kidding me? I can't believe you asked me that question. Send me your home address so I can drive over and slap you.
http://wn.com/Is_Becoming_An_Engineer_Worth_All_the_Hard_Work?
What is Aerospace Engineering?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:35
- Published: 08 Jul 2011
- Updated: 09 Oct 2012
Students in the Iowa State University College of Engineering's Aerospace Engineering department share their thoughts & experiences on the field of Aerospace Engineering
http://wn.com/What_is_Aerospace_Engineering?
Why study engineering?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:38
- Published: 29 May 2008
- Updated: 30 Jul 2012
Why study electrical, computer or telecommunications engineering (SECTE) at the university of Wollongong (UOW)? There is more jobs then graduates and our degrees are of the highest quality and alow you to have fun. Work on power, robots, environment, networks, signals, management, team work and much more. You will be suprised what you can do with a degree in engineering.
http://wn.com/Why_study_engineering?
What Is Electrical Engineering?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:31
- Published: 15 Apr 2010
- Updated: 13 Oct 2012
What is Electrical Engineering? Students at Iowa State tell you what electrical engineering means to them.
http://wn.com/What_Is_Electrical_Engineering?
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Engineering is the discipline, skill, and profession of acquiring and applying scientific, economic, social, and practical knowledge, in order to design and build structures, machines, devices, systems, materials and processes.
The American Engineers' Council for Professional Development (ECPD, the predecessor of ABET)[1] has defined "engineering" as:
The creative application of scientific principles to design or develop structures, machines, apparatus, or manufacturing processes, or works utilizing them singly or in combination; or to construct or operate the same with full cognizance of their design; or to forecast their behavior under specific operating conditions; all as respects an intended function, economics of operation and safety to life and property.[2][3]
One who practices engineering is called an engineer, and those licensed to do so may have more formal designations such as Professional Engineer, Chartered Engineer, Incorporated Engineer, Ingenieur or European Engineer. The broad discipline of engineering encompasses a range of more specialized sub disciplines, each with a more specific emphasis on certain fields of application and particular areas of technology.
Contents |
History[link]
Main article: History of engineering
Engineering has existed since ancient times as humans devised fundamental inventions such as the pulley, lever, and wheel. Each of these inventions is consistent with the modern definition of engineering, exploiting basic mechanical principles to develop useful tools and objects.
The term engineering itself has a much more recent etymology, deriving from the word engineer, which itself dates back to 1325, when an engine’er (literally, one who operates an engine) originally referred to “a constructor of military engines.”[4] In this context, now obsolete, an “engine” referred to a military machine, i.e., a mechanical contraption used in war (for example, a catapult). Notable exceptions of the obsolete usage which have survived to the present day are military engineering corps, e.g., the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
The word “engine” itself is of even older origin, ultimately deriving from the Latin ingenium (c. 1250), meaning “innate quality, especially mental power, hence a clever invention.”[5]
Later, as the design of civilian structures such as bridges and buildings matured as a technical discipline, the term civil engineering[3] entered the lexicon as a way to distinguish between those specializing in the construction of such non-military projects and those involved in the older discipline of military engineering.
Ancient era[link]
The Pharos of Alexandria, the pyramids in Egypt, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the Acropolis and the Parthenon in Greece, the Roman aqueducts, Via Appia and the Colosseum, Teotihuacán and the cities and pyramids of the Mayan, Inca and Aztec Empires, the Great Wall of China, the Brihadeshwara temple of Tanjavur and tombs of India, among many others, stand as a testament to the ingenuity and skill of the ancient civil and military engineers.
The earliest civil engineer known by name is Imhotep.[3] As one of the officials of the Pharaoh, Djosèr, he probably designed and supervised the construction of the Pyramid of Djoser (the Step Pyramid) at Saqqara in Egypt around 2630-2611 BC.[6] He may also have been responsible for the first known use of columns in architecture[citation needed].
Ancient Greece developed machines in both the civilian and military domains. The Antikythera mechanism, the first known mechanical computer,[7][8] and the mechanical inventions of Archimedes are examples of early mechanical engineering. Some of Archimedes' inventions as well as the Antikythera mechanism required sophisticated knowledge of differential gearing or epicyclic gearing, two key principles in machine theory that helped design the gear trains of the Industrial revolution, and are still widely used today in diverse fields such as robotics and automotive engineering.[9]
Chinese, Greek and Roman armies employed complex military machines and inventions such as artillery which was developed by the Greeks around the 4th century B.C.,[10] the trireme, the ballista and the catapult. In the Middle Ages, the Trebuchet was developed.
Renaissance era[link]
The first electrical engineer is considered to be William Gilbert, with his 1600 publication of De Magnete, who coined the term "electricity".[11]
The first steam engine was built in 1698 by mechanical engineer Thomas Savery.[12] The development of this device gave rise to the industrial revolution in the coming decades, allowing for the beginnings of mass production.
With the rise of engineering as a profession in the eighteenth century, the term became more narrowly applied to fields in which mathematics and science were applied to these ends. Similarly, in addition to military and civil engineering the fields then known as the mechanic arts became incorporated into engineering.
Modern era[link]
Electrical engineering can trace its origins in the experiments of Alessandro Volta in the 1800s, the experiments of Michael Faraday, Georg Ohm and others and the invention of the electric motor in 1872. The work of James Maxwell and Heinrich Hertz in the late 19th century gave rise to the field of Electronics. The later inventions of the vacuum tube and the transistor further accelerated the development of electronics to such an extent that electrical and electronics engineers currently outnumber their colleagues of any other Engineering specialty.[3]
The inventions of Thomas Savery and the Scottish engineer James Watt gave rise to modern Mechanical Engineering. The development of specialized machines and their maintenance tools during the industrial revolution led to the rapid growth of Mechanical Engineering both in its birthplace Britain and abroad.[3]
Chemical Engineering, like its counterpart Mechanical Engineering, developed in the nineteenth century during the Industrial Revolution.[3] Industrial scale manufacturing demanded new materials and new processes and by 1880 the need for large scale production of chemicals was such that a new industry was created, dedicated to the development and large scale manufacturing of chemicals in new industrial plants.[3] The role of the chemical engineer was the design of these chemical plants and processes.[3]
Aeronautical Engineering deals with aircraft design while Aerospace Engineering is a more modern term that expands the reach envelope of the discipline by including spacecraft design.[13] Its origins can be traced back to the aviation pioneers around the turn of the century from the 19th century to the 20th although the work of Sir George Cayley has recently been dated as being from the last decade of the 18th century. Early knowledge of aeronautical engineering was largely empirical with some concepts and skills imported from other branches of engineering.[14]
The first PhD in engineering (technically, applied science and engineering) awarded in the United States went to Willard Gibbs at Yale University in 1863; it was also the second PhD awarded in science in the U.S.[15]
Only a decade after the successful flights by the Wright brothers, there was extensive development of aeronautical engineering through development of military aircraft that were used in World War I . Meanwhile, research to provide fundamental background science continued by combining theoretical physics with experiments.
In 1990, with the rise of computer technology, the first search engine was built by computer engineer Alan Emtage.
Main branches of engineering[link]
Main article: List of engineering branches
Engineering, much like other science, is a broad discipline which is often broken down into several sub-disciplines. These disciplines concern themselves with differing areas of engineering work. Although initially an engineer will usually be trained in a specific discipline, throughout an engineer's career the engineer may become multi-disciplined, having worked in several of the outlined areas. Engineering is often characterized as having four main branches:[16][17]
- Chemical engineering – The application of physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering principles in order to carry out chemical processes on a commercial scale.
- Civil engineering – The design and construction of public and private works, such as infrastructure (airports, roads, railways, water supply and treatment etc.), bridges, dams, and buildings.
- Electrical engineering – The design and study of various electrical and electronic systems, such as electrical circuits, generators, motors, electromagnetic/electromechanical devices, electronic devices, electronic circuits, optical fibers, optoelectronic devices, computer systems, telecommunications, instrumentation, controls, and electronics.
- Mechanical engineering – The design of physical or mechanical systems, such as power and energy systems, aerospace/aircraft products, weapon systems, transportation products engines, compressors, powertrains, kinematic chains, vacuum technology, and vibration isolation equipment.
Beyond these four, sources vary on other main branches. Historically, naval engineering and mining engineering were major branches. Modern fields sometimes included as major branches include aerospace, petroleum, systems, audio engineering, architectural, biosystems, biomedical,[18] industrial, materials science[19] and nuclear engineering.[20][citation needed]
New specialties sometimes combine with the traditional fields and form new branches. A new or emerging area of application will commonly be defined temporarily as a permutation or subset of existing disciplines; there is often gray area as to when a given sub-field becomes large and/or prominent enough to warrant classification as a new "branch." One key indicator of such emergence is when major universities start establishing departments and programs in the new field.
For each of these fields there exists considerable overlap, especially in the areas of the application of sciences to their disciplines such as physics, chemistry and mathematics.
Methodology[link]
Engineers apply the sciences of physics and mathematics to find suitable solutions to problems or to make improvements to the status quo. More than ever, engineers are now required to have knowledge of relevant sciences for their design projects. As a result, they may keep on learning new material throughout their career.
If multiple options exist, engineers weigh different design choices on their merits and choose the solution that best matches the requirements. The crucial and unique task of the engineer is to identify, understand, and interpret the constraints on a design in order to produce a successful result. It is usually not enough to build a technically successful product; it must also meet further requirements.
Constraints may include available resources, physical, imaginative or technical limitations, flexibility for future modifications and additions, and other factors, such as requirements for cost, safety, marketability, productibility, and serviceability. By understanding the constraints, engineers derive specifications for the limits within which a viable object or system may be produced and operated.
Problem solving[link]
Engineers use their knowledge of science, mathematics, logic, economics, and appropriate experience or tacit knowledge to find suitable solutions to a problem. Creating an appropriate mathematical model of a problem allows them to analyze it (sometimes definitively), and to test potential solutions.
Usually multiple reasonable solutions exist, so engineers must evaluate the different design choices on their merits and choose the solution that best meets their requirements. Genrich Altshuller, after gathering statistics on a large number of patents, suggested that compromises are at the heart of "low-level" engineering designs, while at a higher level the best design is one which eliminates the core contradiction causing the problem.
Engineers typically attempt to predict how well their designs will perform to their specifications prior to full-scale production. They use, among other things: prototypes, scale models, simulations, destructive tests, nondestructive tests, and stress tests. Testing ensures that products will perform as expected.
Engineers take on the responsibility of producing designs that will perform as well as expected and will not cause unintended harm to the public at large. Engineers typically include a factor of safety in their designs to reduce the risk of unexpected failure. However, the greater the safety factor, the less efficient the design may be.
The study of failed products is known as forensic engineering, and can help the product designer in evaluating his or her design in the light of real conditions. The discipline is of greatest value after disasters, such as bridge collapses, when careful analysis is needed to establish the cause or causes of the failure.
Computer use[link]
As with all modern scientific and technological endeavors, computers and software play an increasingly important role. As well as the typical business application software there are a number of computer aided applications (Computer-aided technologies) specifically for engineering. Computers can be used to generate models of fundamental physical processes, which can be solved using numerical methods.
One of the most widely used tools in the profession is computer-aided design (CAD) software which enables engineers to create 3D models, 2D drawings, and schematics of their designs. CAD together with Digital mockup (DMU) and CAE software such as finite element method analysis or analytic element method allows engineers to create models of designs that can be analyzed without having to make expensive and time-consuming physical prototypes.
These allow products and components to be checked for flaws; assess fit and assembly; study ergonomics; and to analyze static and dynamic characteristics of systems such as stresses, temperatures, electromagnetic emissions, electrical currents and voltages, digital logic levels, fluid flows, and kinematics. Access and distribution of all this information is generally organized with the use of Product Data Management software.[21]
There are also many tools to support specific engineering tasks such as Computer-aided manufacture (CAM) software to generate CNC machining instructions; Manufacturing Process Management software for production engineering; EDA for printed circuit board (PCB) and circuit schematics for electronic engineers; MRO applications for maintenance management; and AEC software for civil engineering.
In recent years the use of computer software to aid the development of goods has collectively come to be known as Product Lifecycle Management (PLM).[22]
Social context[link]
 |
This section may contain original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding references. Statements consisting only of original research may be removed. More details may be available on the talk page. (July 2010) |
Engineering is a subject that ranges from large collaborations to small individual projects. Almost all engineering projects are beholden to some sort of financing agency: a company, a set of investors, or a government. The few types of engineering that are minimally constrained by such issues are pro bono engineering and open design engineering.
By its very nature engineering is bound up with society and human behavior. Every product or construction used by modern society will have been influenced by engineering design. Engineering design is a very powerful tool to make changes to environment, society and economies, and its application brings with it a great responsibility. Many engineering societies have established codes of practice and codes of ethics to guide members and inform the public at large.
Engineering projects can be subject to controversy. Examples from different engineering disciplines include the development of nuclear weapons, the Three Gorges Dam, the design and use of Sport utility vehicles and the extraction of oil. In response, some western engineering companies have enacted serious corporate and social responsibility policies.
Engineering is a key driver of human development.[23] Sub-Saharan Africa in particular has a very small engineering capacity which results in many African nations being unable to develop crucial infrastructure without outside aid. The attainment of many of the Millennium Development Goals requires the achievement of sufficient engineering capacity to develop infrastructure and sustainable technological development.[24]
All overseas development and relief NGOs make considerable use of engineers to apply solutions in disaster and development scenarios. A number of charitable organizations aim to use engineering directly for the good of mankind:
- Engineers Without Borders
- Engineers Against Poverty
- Registered Engineers for Disaster Relief
- Engineers for a Sustainable World
- Engineering for Change
- Engineering Ministries International[25]
Relationships with other disciplines[link]
Science[link]
Scientists study the world as it is; engineers create the world that has never been.
There exists an overlap between the sciences and engineering practice; in engineering, one applies science. Both areas of endeavor rely on accurate observation of materials and phenomena. Both use mathematics and classification criteria to analyze and communicate observations.
Scientists may also have to complete engineering tasks, such as designing experimental apparatus or building prototypes. Conversely, in the process of developing technology engineers sometimes find themselves exploring new phenomena, thus becoming, for the moment, scientists.
In the book What Engineers Know and How They Know It,[29] Walter Vincenti asserts that engineering research has a character different from that of scientific research. First, it often deals with areas in which the basic physics and/or chemistry are well understood, but the problems themselves are too complex to solve in an exact manner.
Examples are the use of numerical approximations to the Navier-Stokes equations to describe aerodynamic flow over an aircraft, or the use of Miner's rule to calculate fatigue damage. Second, engineering research employs many semi-empirical methods that are foreign to pure scientific research, one example being the method of parameter variation[citation needed].
As stated by Fung et al. in the revision to the classic engineering text, Foundations of Solid Mechanics:
"Engineering is quite different from science. Scientists try to understand nature. Engineers try to make things that do not exist in nature. Engineers stress invention. To embody an invention the engineer must put his idea in concrete terms, and design something that people can use. That something can be a device, a gadget, a material, a method, a computing program, an innovative experiment, a new solution to a problem, or an improvement on what is existing. Since a design has to be concrete, it must have its geometry, dimensions, and characteristic numbers. Almost all engineers working on new designs find that they do not have all the needed information. Most often, they are limited by insufficient scientific knowledge. Thus they study mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology and mechanics. Often they have to add to the sciences relevant to their profession. Thus engineering sciences are born."[30]
Although engineering solutions make use of scientific principles, engineers must also take into account safety, efficiency, economy, reliability and constructability or ease of fabrication, as well as legal considerations such as patent infringement or liability in the case of failure of the solution.
Medicine and biology[link]
The study of the human body, albeit from different directions and for different purposes, is an important common link between medicine and some engineering disciplines. Medicine aims to sustain, enhance and even replace functions of the human body, if necessary, through the use of technology.
Modern medicine can replace several of the body's functions through the use of artificial organs and can significantly alter the function of the human body through artificial devices such as, for example, brain implants and pacemakers.[32][33] The fields of Bionics and medical Bionics are dedicated to the study of synthetic implants pertaining to natural systems.
Conversely, some engineering disciplines view the human body as a biological machine worth studying, and are dedicated to emulating many of its functions by replacing biology with technology. This has led to fields such as artificial intelligence, neural networks, fuzzy logic, and robotics. There are also substantial interdisciplinary interactions between engineering and medicine.[34][35]
Both fields provide solutions to real world problems. This often requires moving forward before phenomena are completely understood in a more rigorous scientific sense and therefore experimentation and empirical knowledge is an integral part of both.
Medicine, in part, studies the function of the human body. The human body, as a biological machine, has many functions that can be modeled using Engineering methods.[36]
The heart for example functions much like a pump,[37] the skeleton is like a linked structure with levers,[38] the brain produces electrical signals etc.[39] These similarities as well as the increasing importance and application of Engineering principles in Medicine, led to the development of the field of biomedical engineering that uses concepts developed in both disciplines.
Newly emerging branches of science, such as Systems biology, are adapting analytical tools traditionally used for engineering, such as systems modeling and computational analysis, to the description of biological systems.[36]
Art[link]
There are connections between engineering and art;[40] they are direct in some fields, for example, architecture, landscape architecture and industrial design (even to the extent that these disciplines may sometimes be included in a University's Faculty of Engineering); and indirect in others.[40][41][42][43]
The Art Institute of Chicago, for instance, held an exhibition about the art of NASA's aerospace design.[44] Robert Maillart's bridge design is perceived by some to have been deliberately artistic.[45] At the University of South Florida, an engineering professor, through a grant with the National Science Foundation, has developed a course that connects art and engineering.[41][46]
Among famous historical figures Leonardo Da Vinci is a well known Renaissance artist and engineer, and a prime example of the nexus between art and engineering.[31][47]
Other fields[link]
In Political science the term engineering has been borrowed for the study of the subjects of Social engineering and Political engineering, which deal with forming political and social structures using engineering methodology coupled with political science principles. Financial engineering has similarly borrowed the term.
See also[link]
Main article: Outline of engineering
References[link]
- ^ ABET History
- ^ Engineers' Council for Professional Development. (1947). Canons of ethics for engineers
- ^ a b c d e f g h Engineers' Council for Professional Development definition on Encyclopaedia Britannica (Includes Britannica article on Engineering)
- ^ Oxford English Dictionary
- ^ Origin: 1250–1300; ME engin < AF, OF < L ingenium nature, innate quality, esp. mental power, hence a clever invention, equiv. to in- + -genium, equiv. to gen- begetting; Source: Random House Unabridged Dictionary, Random House, Inc. 2006.
- ^ Barry J. Kemp, Ancient Egypt, Routledge 2005, p. 159
- ^ "The Antikythera Mechanism Research Project", The Antikythera Mechanism Research Project. Retrieved 2007-07-01 Quote: "The Antikythera Mechanism is now understood to be dedicated to astronomical phenomena and operates as a complex mechanical "computer" which tracks the cycles of the Solar System."
- ^ Wilford, John. (July 31, 2008). Discovering How Greeks Computed in 100 B.C.. New York Times.
- ^ Wright, M T. (2005). "Epicyclic Gearing and the Antikythera Mechanism, part 2". Antiquarian Horology 29 (1 (September 2005)): 54–60.
- ^ Britannica on Greek civilization in the 5th century Military technology Quote: "The 7th century, by contrast, had witnessed rapid innovations, such as the introduction of the hoplite and the trireme, which still were the basic instruments of war in the 5th." and "But it was the development of artillery that opened an epoch, and this invention did not predate the 4th century. It was first heard of in the context of Sicilian warfare against Carthage in the time of Dionysius I of Syracuse."
- ^ Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary, 2000, CD-ROM, version 2.5.
- ^ Jenkins, Rhys (1936). Links in the History of Engineering and Technology from Tudor Times. Ayer Publishing. p. 66. ISBN 0-8369-2167-4.
- ^ Imperial College: Studying engineering at Imperial: Engineering courses are offered in five main branches of engineering: aeronautical, chemical, civil, electrical and mechanical. There are also courses in computing science, software engineering, information systems engineering, materials science and engineering, mining engineering and petroleum engineering.
- ^ Van Every, Kermit E. (1986). "Aeronautical engineering". Encyclopedia Americana. 1. Grolier Incorporated. pp. 226.
- ^ Wheeler, Lynde, Phelps (1951). Josiah Willard Gibbs — the History of a Great Mind. Ox Bow Press. ISBN 1-881987-11-6.
- ^ Journal of the British Nuclear Energy Society: Volume 1 British Nuclear Energy Society - 1962 - Snippet view Quote: In most universities it should be possible to cover the main branches of engineering, ie civil, mechanical, electrical and chemical engineering in this way. More specialised fields of engineering application, of which nuclear power is ...
- ^ The Engineering Profession by Sir James Hamilton, UK Engineering Council Quote: "The Civilingenior degree encompasses the main branches of engineering civil, mechanical, electrical, chemical." (From the Internet Archive)
- ^ Bronzino JD, ed., The Biomedical Engineering Handbook, CRC Press, 2006, ISBN 0-8493-2121-2
- ^ http://www.jstor.org/pss/10.1525/hsps.2001.31.2.223
- ^ http://www.careercornerstone.org/pdf/nuclear/nuceng.pdf
- ^ Arbe, Katrina (2001.05.07). "PDM: Not Just for the Big Boys Anymore". ThomasNet. http://news.thomasnet.com/IMT/archives/2001/05/pdm_not_just_fo.html.
- ^ Arbe, Katrina (2003.05.22). "The Latest Chapter in CAD Software Evaluation". ThomasNet. http://news.thomasnet.com/IMT/archives/2003/05/the_latest_chap.html.
- ^ PDF on Human Development
- ^ MDG info pdf
- ^ Home page for EMI
- ^ Rosakis, Ares Chair, Division of Engineering and Applied Science. "Chair's Message, CalTech.". http://www.eas.caltech.edu/about/chair. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
- ^ Ryschkewitsch, M.G. NASA Chief Engineer. "Improving the capability to Engineer Complex Systems –Broadening the Conversation on the Art and Science of Systems Engineering". p. 8. http://sdm.mit.edu/conf09/presentations/ryschkewitsch.pdf. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
- ^ American Society for Engineering Education (1970). Engineering education. 60. American Society for Engineering Education. p. 467. http://books.google.ca/books?id=frZVAAAAMAAJ&q=Scientists+study+the+world+as+it+is;+engineers+create+the+world+that+has+never+been&dq=Scientists+study+the+world+as+it+is;+engineers+create+the+world+that+has+never+been&hl=en&ei=v7OZTrXBL6Lx0gGpu5TgBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CEQQ6AEwBQ. "The great engineer Theodore von Karman once said, "Scientists study the world as it is, engineers create the world that never has been." Today, more than ever, the engineer must create a world that never has been..."
- ^ Vincenti, Walter G. (1993). What Engineers Know and How They Know It: Analytical Studies from Aeronautical History. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-3974-2.
- ^ Classical and Computational Solid Mechanics, YC Fung and P. Tong. World Scientific. 2001.
- ^ a b Bjerklie, David. “The Art of Renaissance Engineering.” MIT’s Technology Review Jan./Feb.1998: 54-9. Article explores the concept of the “artist-engineer”, an individual who used his artistic talent in engineering. Quote from article: Da Vinci reached the pinnacle of “artist-engineer”-dom, Quote2: “It was Leonardo da Vinci who initiated the most ambitious expansion in the role of artist-engineer, progressing from astute observer to inventor to theoretician.” (Bjerklie 58)
- ^ Ethical Assessment of Implantable Brain Chips. Ellen M. McGee and G. Q. Maguire, Jr. from Boston University
- ^ IEEE technical paper: Foreign parts (electronic body implants).by Evans-Pughe, C. quote from summary: Feeling threatened by cyborgs?
- ^ Institute of Medicine and Engineering: Mission statement The mission of the Institute for Medicine and Engineering (IME) is to stimulate fundamental research at the interface between biomedicine and engineering/physical/computational sciences leading to innovative applications in biomedical research and clinical practice.
- ^ IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology: Both general and technical articles on current technologies and methods used in biomedical and clinical engineering...
- ^ a b Royal Academy of Engineering and Academy of Medical Sciences: Systems Biology: a vision for engineering and medicine in pdf: quote1: Systems Biology is an emerging methodology that has yet to be defined quote2: It applies the concepts of systems engineering to the study of complex biological systems through iteration between computational and/or mathematical modelling and experimentation.
- ^ Science Museum of Minnesota: Online Lesson 5a; The heart as a pump
- ^ Minnesota State University emuseum: Bones act as levers
- ^ UC Berkeley News: UC researchers create model of brain's electrical storm during a seizure
- ^ a b Lehigh University project: We wanted to use this project to demonstrate the relationship between art and architecture and engineering
- ^ a b National Science Foundation:The Art of Engineering: Professor uses the fine arts to broaden students' engineering perspectives
- ^ MIT World:The Art of Engineering: Inventor James Dyson on the Art of Engineering: quote: A member of the British Design Council, James Dyson has been designing products since graduating from the Royal College of Art in 1970.
- ^ University of Texas at Dallas: The Institute for Interactive Arts and Engineering
- ^ Aerospace Design: The Art of Engineering from NASA’s Aeronautical Research
- ^ Princeton U: Robert Maillart's Bridges: The Art of Engineering: quote: no doubt that Maillart was fully conscious of the aesthetic implications...
- ^ quote:..the tools of artists and the perspective of engineers..
- ^ Drew U: user website: cites Bjerklie paper
Further reading[link]
- Dorf, Richard, ed. (2005). The Engineering Handbook (2 ed.). Boca Raton: CRC. ISBN 0-8493-1586-7.
- Billington, David P. (1996-06-05). The Innovators: The Engineering Pioneers Who Made America Modern. Wiley; New Ed edition. ISBN 0-471-14026-0.
- Petroski, Henry (1992-03-31). To Engineer is Human: The Role of Failure in Successful Design. Vintage. ISBN 0-679-73416-3.
- Petroski, Henry (1994-02-01). The Evolution of Useful Things: How Everyday Artifacts-From Forks and Pins to Paper Clips and Zippers-Came to be as They are. Vintage. ISBN 0-679-74039-2.
- Lord, Charles R. (2000-08-15). Guide to Information Sources in Engineering. Libraries Unlimited. DOI:10.1336/1563086999. ISBN 1-56308-699-9.
- Vincenti, Walter G. (1993-02-01). What Engineers Know and How They Know It: Analytical Studies from Aeronautical History. The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-4588-2.
- Hill, Donald R. (1973-12-31) [1206]. The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices: Kitáb fí ma'rifat al-hiyal al-handasiyya. Pakistan Hijara Council. ISBN 969-8016-25-2.
External links[link]
 |
Look up engineering in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
 |
Wikiversity has learning materials about Engineering |
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Engineering |
- National Society of Professional Engineers position statement on Licensure and Qualifications for Practice
- National Academy of Engineering (NAE)
- American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE)
- The US Library of Congress Engineering in History bibliography
- ICES: Institute for Complex Engineered Systems, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA
- History of engineering bibliography at University of Minnesota
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Richard Hammond | |
|---|---|
 Hammond in May 2006. |
|
| Born | Richard Mark Hammond (1969-12-19) 19 December 1969 (age 42)[1] Solihull, Warwickshire, England |
| Residence | Weston under Penyard, Herefordshire, England |
| Other names | Hamster |
| Education | Solihull School Ripon Grammar School |
| Alma mater | Harrogate College of Art and Technology |
| Occupation | Broadcaster, journalist, author, media personality, talk and game show host, voice-over artist |
| Years active | 1998, 2002–present |
| Employer | BBC, The Daily Mirror (prev. ITV & Sky) |
| Known for | Presenting:
Brainiac: Science Abuse |
| Home town | Solihull, West Midlands, England |
| Height | 5 feet 7 inches (1.70 m)[2] |
| Spouse | Amanda Etheridge (m. 2002) «start: (2002-05-04)»"Marriage: Amanda Etheridge to Richard Hammond" Location: (linkback:http://en-wiki.pop.wn.com/index.php/Richard_Hammond) |
| Children | 2 |
| Parents | Eileen and Alan Hammond |
Richard Mark Hammond (born 19 December 1969) is an English broadcaster, writer, and journalist most noted for co-hosting the car programme Top Gear with Jeremy Clarkson and James May, as well as presenting series 1–4 of Brainiac: Science Abuse on Sky 1. Since 2009, Hammond has co-hosted Total Wipeout with Amanda Byram on BBC One which has since been cancelled.
Hammond is currently presenting Planet Earth Live alongside Julia Bradbury.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Hammond was born in Solihull and is the grandson of workers in the Birmingham automobile industry.[3][4] In the mid-1980s Hammond moved with his family (mother Eileen, father Alan, and younger brothers Andrew, writer of the 'Crypt' Series, and Nicholas) to the North Yorkshire cathedral city of Ripon where his father ran a probate business in the market square. Originally a pupil of Solihull School, a fee-paying boys' independent school, he moved to Ripon Grammar School, and from 1987 to 1989 attended Harrogate College of Art and Technology. After his graduation he worked for several radio stations, including Radio Cleveland, Radio York, Radio Cumbria, Radio Leeds, Radio Newcastle and Radio Lancashire, before auditioning for Top Gear.[5]
Top Gear[link]
Hammond became a presenter on Top Gear in 2002, when the show began in its present format. He is sometimes referred to as "Hamster" by fans and his co-presenters on Top Gear due to his name and comparatively small stature.[6] His nickname was further reinforced when on three separate occasions in series 7, Hammond ate cardboard,[7] mimicking hamster-like behaviour. A running gag is Hammond's supposed use of teeth whitener.[8] In a series 7 episode, co-presenter Jeremy Clarkson claimed to have found a pack of teeth whiteners in a Marcos TSO GT2 that Hammond had tested. Hammond objected, claiming it was a set-up. In a series 10 episode that featured the Peel P50, Clarkson was seen supposedly talking to Hammond on the phone about him considering a tooth whitening treatment costing £4000. Later, during a series 13 episode that featured the presenters in their office searching for car insurance prices, a teeth whitening kit was pictured on his desk. It was staged to appear that he was caught looking at a website on teeth whiteners on Richard Hammond's 5 O'Clock Show.
In the first episode of series 9 broadcast on 28 January 2007, having recovered from his high speed crash Hammond returned to a hero's welcome, complete with dancing girls, aeroplane style stairs and fireworks. The show also contained images of the crash, which had made international headlines, with Hammond talking through the events of the day after which the audience broke into spontaneous applause. Hammond then requested that the crash never be mentioned on the show again, though all three Top Gear presenters have since referred to it in jokes during the news segment of the programme. He told his colleagues, "The only difference between me now, and before the crash, is that I like celery now and I didn't before".[9]
During the third episode of series sixteen, Hammond suggested that no one would ever want to own a Mexican car, since cars are supposed to reflect national characteristics and so a Mexican car would be a "lazy, feckless, flatulent, overweight oaf." Hammond finished with the remark "I'm sorry, but can you imagine waking up and remembering you're Mexican?!"[10] Following complaints, the BBC defended the broadcast of this segment on the grounds that such national stereotyping was a "robust part" of traditional British humour.[11]
Brainiac: Science Abuse[link]
In 2003, Hammond became the first presenter of Brainiac: Science Abuse; he was joined by Jon Tickle with Charlotte Hudson joining in series 2.[12] After the fourth series it was announced that Hammond was no longer going to present the Sky1 show after he signed an exclusive deal with the BBC. Vic Reeves took his place as main presenter.[13]
Other television work[link]
Early in his career, as well as his radio work, Hammond presented a number of daytime lifestyle shows and motoring programmes such as Motor Week on Men & Motors.
He presented the Crufts dog show in 2005, the 2004 and 2005 British Parking Awards, and has appeared on School's Out, a quiz show on BBC One where celebrities answer questions about things they learned at school. He has also presented The Gunpowder Plot: Exploding The Legend.[14] Along with his work on Top Gear, he presented Should I Worry About...? on BBC One, Time Commanders on BBC Two and the first four series of Brainiac: Science Abuse on Sky One. He was also a team captain on the BBC Two quiz show, Petrolheads, in which a memorable part was one where Hammond was tricked into smashing his classic Ferrari while trying to parallel park blindfolded in another car.
From 3 January 2006 until 10 February 2006, Hammond was the eponymous star of Richard Hammond's 5 O'Clock Show with his co-star Mel Giedroyc of Light Lunch fame.[15] The programme, which discussed a wide range of topics, was shown every weekday on ITV between 17:00 and 18:00.[15]
In July 2005, Hammond was voted number one in a Heat magazine poll of top "weird celebrity crushes". Also in 2005 he was voted one of the top 10 British TV talents.[16]
He presented Richard Hammond and the Holy Grail in 2006. During the special, he travelled to various locations around the world, including the Vatican Secret Archives, exploring the history of the Holy Grail.[17]
In one episode of Top Gear, fellow presenter James May was mocked by both Hammond and Clarkson for being named the celebrity with the worst hairstyle, while Hammond was named the celebrity with the best.
As part of Red Nose Day 2007, Hammond stood for nomination via a public telephone vote, along with Andy Hamilton and Kelvin MacKenzie, to be a one-off co-presenter of BBC Radio 4's Woman's Hour on 16 March 2007.[18] However, he was defeated by Andy Hamilton.
In April 2007, Hammond presented a one off special on BBC Radio 2 for Good Friday followed by another in August 2007 for the Bank Holiday. He is scheduled to present more Bank Holiday specials for the station.
Hammond recorded an interview with the famed American stuntman Evel Knievel, which aired on 23 December 2007 on BBC One, and was Knievel's last interview before his death on 30 November 2007.[19]
In September 2008, Hammond presented the first episode of a new series; Richard Hammond's Engineering Connections on the National Geographic Channel.[20] In this show, Hammond discovers how the inventions of the past, along with assistance from nature, help designers today. Episodes include the building of the Airbus A380, Taipei 101 and the Keck Observatory.[20] Series 2 of Richard Hammond's Engineering Connections began in May 2010 and has included the building of the Wembley Stadium and the Sydney Opera House.
Hammond also filmed an advertisement for Morrisons supermarkets in 2008,[21] and joined the cast of TV show Ashes To Ashes for a special insert on the 2008 Children in Need special.
While in New Zealand for Top Gear Live 2009, Hammond filmed several television commercials for Telecom New Zealand's new XT UTMS mobile network. Telecom claimed that the new network was "faster in more places", compared to its competitors and its existing CDMA network. After the network repeatedly failed in late 2009 and early 2010, Hammond became the butt of a joke when he did not return to New Zealand for Top Gear Live 2010. His fellow Top Gear co-hosts said he was too embarrassed to come back to New Zealand, and in a supposed live feed back to Hammond, the feed suddenly drops out as the "XT Network had crashed".[22] Hammond was later given the right of reply to his colleagues during an interview with Marcus Lush on RadioLIVE's breakfast show in New Zealand.[23]
Hammond is currently hosting the UK version of the US series Wipeout, called Total Wipeout. It takes place in Argentina, and is co-presented by Hammond and Amanda Byram. Hammond presents and does the voiceover for the clips in a London studio, and Byram is filmed at the obstacle course in Buenos Aires.[24]
Hammond also presented a science-themed game show for children, Richard Hammond's Blast Lab which aired on BBC Two and CBBC.[25]
In March 2010, Hammond presented a 3 episode series called Richard Hammond's Invisible Worlds, which looked at things too fast for the naked eye to see, things that are beyond the visible spectrum (e.g. ultraviolet and infra-red light), as well as microscopic things.
One of Hammond's lesser known television roles was as presenter of the BBC2 'gameshow' Time Commanders, a sophisticated warfare simulator which used a modified version of Creative Assembly's Rome: Total War game engine.[26]
Since February 2011, Hammond has presented a online technology series "Richard Hammond's Tech Head".[27]
In July 2011, Hammond presented a two-part natural science documentary Richard Hammond's Journey To The Centre Of The Planet, focused on Earth geology and plate tectonics.[28][29]
Hammond will also host the upcoming BBC America programme Richard Hammond's Crash Course.[30]
Personal life[link]
Hammond has been married to Amanda Etheridge (mostly known as Mindy)[31] since May 2002; the couple have two daughters.[3] The family lives in a mock castle in Herefordshire and also has an apartment in London. Hammond also plays the bass guitar, on which he accompanied the other Top Gear presenters when they performed alongside Justin Hawkins on Top Gear of the Pops for Comic Relief in 2007. Hammond likes to ride his bicycle in cities, for which he is mocked mercilessly by fellow presenter Jeremy Clarkson.[32]
Hammond is a fan of Porsche 911s and claims the Pagani Zonda to be the ultimate supercar. He once owned a 1982 Porsche 911 SC (sold in the mid-2000s),[33][34] and later purchased a 2006 Porsche 911 (997) Carrera S.[35] In 2004, Hammond purchased a Porsche 928 for the purpose of daily driving.[36] Much unlike Clarkson and May, he also has an interest in American muscle cars. Hammond has owned a 1969 Dodge Charger R/T,[36] a 1967 Ford Mustang GT 390,[37] and a 2008 Dodge Challenger SRT-8 (which was purchased in the United States on a Series 12 episode of Top Gear).[38]
Hammond had also owned a Morgan AeroMax, in which he was involved in a car accident on 9 August 2009. He also owns a Jaguar E-Type[39] and is also a fan of monster trucks, having attended Truckfest '07.
An interview with The Sunday Times in February 2008 reported Hammond as having moved briefly from Gloucestershire to Buckinghamshire, then back again because he missed the country life.[40]
Hammond is a keen motorcyclist[41] and Land Rover Defender fan. He spent over £70,000 rebuilding his 110 "Buster" in 2008.[citation needed]
During the news segment of Top Gear's 2010 USA Road Trip special, Hammond openly expressed his dislike of the band Genesis. This fact was later exploited by his co-presenters in two special episodes: during the Middle East Special, when they installed a secret second stereo unit in his Fiat Barchetta that only plays the band's Live over Europe 2007 concert; in the India Special, Clarkson played the same song used in the previous special through the megaphone mounted in his Jaguar XJS, despite Hammond driving a different car (a Mini Cooper Sport).
In October it was reported he had spent over £2 million buying Bollitree Castle which is situated near Weston under Penyard, Ross-on-Wye. It has been rumoured he has also bought a large house in the small town of Wantage, Oxfordshire[citation needed].[42][43]
On Top Gear in 2007, Hammond went to Africa on an 'Epic Road Trip' across Botswana. While there he found a 1963 Opel Kadett, in which he drove across Botswana. Hammond named it Oliver. On Top Gear a week after the special was aired, Hammond announced during the news, that he had shipped Oliver back to the UK, where it was restored by a team from Practical Classics magazine. Oliver features on Hammond's children's science television show Richard Hammond's Blast Lab and in another episode of Top Gear as a kind of "Hill-holder" in the trailer truck challenge (after it acquired the personal plate "OLI V3R"). Oliver is also mentioned in Hammond's second autobiography As You Do.[citation needed]
In 2010, Hammond was the President of the 31st Herefordshire Country Fair held at Hampton Court in Hope under Dinmore. His involvement caused unprecedented attendance with "nearly 15,000 people" drawn to the event to meet the presenter.[45]
In 2010, Hammond gained a private pilot licence PPL(H) in an R44 helicopter.
During season 18 of Top Gear it was revealed that he owns a Fiat 500 TwinAir.
Charity work[link]
Richard Hammond is a Vice-President of UK children's brain injury charity The Children's Trust, Tadworth.[46]
[edit] Vampire dragster crash
File:TopGearVampireCrash.jpg
Hammond in the Vampire immediately before the crash. The front-right tyre has burst.
During filming of a Top Gear segment at the former RAF Elvington airbase near York on 20 September 2006, Hammond was injured in the crash of the jet-powered car he was piloting.[47][48][49]:1 Hammond was travelling at 288 mph (463 km/h) at the time of the crash.[50]
His vehicle, a dragster called Vampire, was theoretically capable of travelling at speeds of up to 370 mph (595 km/h).[48] The vehicle was the same car that in 2000, piloted by Colin Fallows, set the British land speed record at 300.3 mph (483.3 km/h).[49]:3[51] The Vampire was powered by a single Bristol-Siddeley Orpheus afterburning turbojet engine producing 10000 hp (7.5 MW).[48][50]
Some accounts suggested that the accident occurred during an attempt to break the British land speed record,[47][52] but the Health and Safety Executive report on the crash found that a proposal to try to officially break the record was vetoed in advance by Top Gear executive producer Andy Wilman, due to the risks and complexities of such a venture.[49]:4 (The report stated: "Runs were to be carried out in only one direction along a pre-set course on the Elvington runway. Vampire’s speed was to be recorded using GPS satellite telemetry. The intention was to record the maximum speed, not to measure an average speed over a measured course, and for [Hammond] to describe how it felt.")[49]:1
Hammond was completing a seventh and final run to collect extra footage for the programme when his front-right tyre failed,[49]:8[53] and, according to witness and first responder Dave Ogden, "one of the parachutes had deployed but it went on to the grass and spun over and over before coming to a rest about 100 yards from us."[54] The emergency crew quickly arrived at the car, finding it inverted and partially embedded in the grass.[52] During the roll, Hammond's helmet had embedded itself into the ground, flipping the visor up and forcing dirt into his mouth and left eye, damaging the eye. Rescuers felt a pulse and heard the unconscious Hammond breathing before the car was turned upright.[52] Hammond was cut free with hydraulic shears, and placed on a backboard.[49]:9 "He was regaining consciousness at that point and said he had some lower back pain".[52] He was then transported by the Yorkshire Air Ambulance to the neurological unit of the Leeds General Infirmary.[47][49]:9[55] Hammond's family visited him at the hospital along with Top Gear co-presenters James May and Jeremy Clarkson.[54][55] Clarkson wished Hammond well, saying "Both James and I are looking forward to getting our 'Hamster' back", referring to Hammond by his nickname.[47][54]
The Health & Safety Executive report stated that "Hammond's instantaneous reaction to the tyre blow out seems to have been that of a competent high performance car driver, namely to brake the car and to try to steer into the skid. Immediately afterwards he also seems to have followed his training and to have pulled back on the main parachute release lever, thus shutting down the jet engine and also closing the jet and afterburner fuel levers. The main parachute did not have time to deploy before the car ran off the runway."[49]:13 The HSE notes that, based on the findings of the North Yorkshire Police (who investigated the crash), "the accident may not have been recoverable", even if Hammond's efforts to react were as fast as "humanly possible".[49]:13
The crash was shown on an episode of Top Gear on 28 January 2007; this was the first episode of the new series, which had been postponed pending Hammond's recovery. Hammond requested at the end of the episode that his fellow presenters never mention the crash again, a request which has been generally observed by both Hammond and the other presenters, although occasional oblique references have been made. On The Edge: My Story, which contains first hand accounts from both Hammond and his wife about the crash, immediate aftermath, and his recovery was published later that year.
In February 2008 Hammond gave an interview to The Sunday Times newspaper in which he described the effects of his brain injuries and the progression of his recovery.[56] He reported suffering loss of memory, depression, and difficulties with emotional experiences, for which he was consulting a psychiatrist.[56] He also talked about his recovery in a 2010 television programme where he interviewed Sir Stirling Moss and they discussed the brain injuries they had both received as a result of car crashes.[57]
After the car crash the BBC website Have Your Say received more than 10,000 messages of good wishes and sympathy for Richard Hammond from people around the world.
Works[link]
TV shows[link]
| Year | Title | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 1998 | Motorweek (Men & Motors TV series) | Presenter |
| 2002–present | Top Gear | Presenter |
| 2003–06 | Brainiac: Science Abuse | Presenter |
| 2004–05 | Crufts | Presenter |
| Should I Worry About...? | Presenter | |
| 2005 | The Gunpowder Plot: Exploding The Legend | Presenter |
| Time Commanders | Presenter | |
| Inside Britain's Fattest Man | Presenter | |
| 2006 | Richard Hammond's 5 O'Clock Show | Presenter |
| Petrolheads | Contestant | |
| School's Out | Contestant | |
| Richard Hammond: Would You Believe It? | Presenter | |
| Richard Hammond: The Holy Grail | Presenter | |
| Battle of the Geeks | Presenter | |
| 2007 | Last Man Standing | Narrator |
| Helicopter Heroes | Narrator | |
| Richard Hammond Meets Evel Knievel | Presenter | |
| 2008 | BBC Timewatch | Narrator |
| Sport Relief | Presenter | |
| 2009–2011 | Richard Hammond's Blast Lab | Presenter |
| Richard Hammond's Engineering Connections | Presenter | |
| 2009–2012 | Total Wipeout | Presenter |
| 2010 | Richard Hammond's Invisible Worlds | Presenter |
| Sport Relief 2010 | Presenter | |
| Hammond Meets Moss | Presenter | |
| 2011 | Richard Hammond's Journey To The Centre Of The Planet | Presenter |
| 2011 | Richard Hammond's Journey To The Bottom Of The Ocean | Presenter |
| 2012 | Richard Hammond's Crash Course | Presenter |
| Planet Earth Live | Presenter |
Books[link]
Car books[link]
- Hammond, Richard (13 October 2005). What Not To Drive. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 276 pages. ISBN 978-0-297-84800-4.
- Hammond, Richard (5 October 2006). Richard Hammond's Car Confidential. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 144 pages. ISBN 978-0-297-84445-7.
- Hammond, Richard (28 May 2009). A Short History of Caravans in the UK. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 144 pages. ISBN 978-0-297-84446-4.
- Hammond, Richard (20 May 2010). Richard Hammond's Caravan Confidential. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 144 pages. ISBN 978-0-7538-2671-3.
Children's books[link]
- Hammond, Richard (29 June 2006). Can You Feel the Force?: Putting the Fizz Back into Physics. Dorling Kindersley Publishers. pp. 96 pages. ISBN 978-1-4053-1543-2.
- Hammond, Richard (2 June 2008). Car Science (Hardback). Dorling Kindersley Publishers. pp. 96 pages. ISBN 978-1-4053-3200-2.
- Hammond, Richard (1 September 2008). Car Science (Paperback). Dorling Kindersley Publishers. pp. 96 pages. ISBN 978-0-7566-4026-2.
Biographies[link]
- Hammond, Richard (20 September 2007). On The Edge: My Story (Hardback). Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 308 pages. ISBN 978-0-297-85327-5.
- Hammond, Richard (29 May 2008). On The Edge: My Story (Paperback). Phoenix. pp. 308 pages. ISBN 978-0-7538-2404-7.
- Hammond, Richard (7 August 2008). On The Edge: My Story (Abridged). Phoenix. pp. 256 pages. ISBN 978-0-7538-2330-9.
- Hammond, Richard (18 September 2008). As You Do: Adventures with Evel, Oliver and the Vice-President of Botswana (Hardback). Orion Publishing Co. pp. 268 pages. ISBN 978-0-297-85520-0.
- Hammond, Richard (28 May 2009). As You Do: Adventures with Evel, Oliver and the Vice-President of Botswana (Paperback). Orion Publishing Co. pp. 314 pages. ISBN 978-0-7538-2562-4.
- Hammond, Richard (1 October 2009). Or Is That Just Me? (Hardback). Phoenix. pp. 256 pages. ISBN 978-0-297-85521-7.
- Hammond, Richard (20 May 2010). Or Is That Just Me? (Paperback). Phoenix. pp. 352 pages. ISBN 978-0-7538-2562-4.
DVDs[link]
- Top Gear Interactive Challenge Quiz (2007, 2|Entertain).
- Top Gear Interactive Stunt Challenge Quiz (2008, 2|Entertain).
- Top Gear Uncovered: The DVD Special (2009, 2|Entertain).
- Richard Hammond's Engineering Connections: Series One (2009, Nat Geo DVD).
- Richard Hammond's Invisible Worlds (2010, 2|Entertain).
- Top Gear: Apocalypse (With James May) (2010, 2|Enertain).
- Richard Hammond's Engineering Connections: Series Two (2010, Nat Geo DVD).
- Hammond Meets Moss (2010, Acorn Media UK).
- Richard Hammond's Journey To The Centre Of The Planet (2011, 2|Entertain).
- Top Gear: At The Movies (With James May) (2011, 2|Entertain).
- Richard Hammond's Engineering Connections: Series Three (2011, Nat Geo DVD).
Television advertisements[link]
- Morrisons (2008)
- Morrisons (Christmas 2008)
- Morrisons (2009)
- Morrisons (Christmas 2009)
- Top Gear Turbo Challenge Trading Cards Test Set (2009)
- Top Gear Turbo Challenge Trading Cards (2010)
- Top Gear Interactive Challenge DVD (2007)
- Top Gear Interactive Stunt Challenge DVD (2009)
- Top Gear Uncovered DVD (2009)
- Top Gear [Re-Runs On Dave] (2009)
- Telecom XT network NZ (2009)
References[link]
- ^ Researcha[dead link]
- ^ "Not just anybody Richard Hammond". The Times (London). 14 January 2006. http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/body_and_soul/article1081903.ece. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
- ^ a b Hammond, Richard (2007). On The Edge: My Story. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-85327-9.
- ^ Barratt, Nick (12 April 2008). "Family detective: Richard Hammond". The Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/exclusions/familyhistory/fd100207.xml. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
- ^ "Richard Hammond Trivia and Quotes on TV.com". CBS Interactive Inc. 2010. http://australia.bbcknowledge.com/topgear/richard-hammond.html. Retrieved 4 September 2010. [dead link]
- ^ Litson, Jo (23 November 2008). "Richard Hammond, Hamster driven by Top Gear | The Daily Telegraph". News.com.au. http://www.news.com.au/dailytelegraph/story/0,22049,24691429-5009160,00.html. Retrieved 21 June 2009.
- ^ "Top Gear – Richard Hammond – BBC Knowledge". BBC. http://www.tv.com/richard-hammond/person/169867/trivia.html. Retrieved 4 September 2010.
- ^ Times Online
- ^ "Why Richard Hammond acquired a taste for celery after his crash // Current". Current.com. 27 May 2008. http://current.com/items/88981381/why_richard_hammond_acquired_a_taste_for_celery_after_his_crash.htm. Retrieved 21 June 2009.
- ^ Camarena, Rodrigo (4 February 2011). "Can Top Gear laugh off its Mexican insults?". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/cifamerica/2011/feb/04/mexico-top-gear.
- ^ "BBC defends "Top Gear" jokes about Mexico". Reuters. 4 February 2011. http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/02/04/us-britain-mexico-dd-idUSTRE7134II20110204.
- ^ "Brainiac: Science Abuse on TV.com – Free Full Episodes & Clips, & Show Info". Tv.com. http://www.tv.com/brainiac-science-abuse/show/29974/summary.html. Retrieved 21 June 2009.
- ^ The Sun Online – Vic lands mad science show[dead link]
- ^ "Richard Hammond's Gunpowder Plot: Exploding The Legend : Documentary". Movie-tv-episode-database.com. http://movie-tv-episode-database.com/Documentary/Richard-Hammond-s-Gunpowder-Plot-Exploding-The-Legend-625672/. Retrieved 21 June 2009.
- ^ a b ""5 O'Clock Show" (2006)". Imdb.com. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0498317/. Retrieved 21 June 2009.
- ^ BBC News – New Doctor Who tops talent list
- ^ "Richard Hammond and the Holy Grail". British Broadcasting Coroporation. 20 January 2006. http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2006/01_january/20/grail.shtml. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
- ^ "BBC Radio 4 – Woman's Hour – Comic Relief 2007". BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/womanshour/comicrelief2007.shtml. Retrieved 21 June 2009.
- ^ "Top Gear meets Evel Knievel". TV Tonight. http://www.tvtonight.com.au/2007/12/top-gear-meets-evel-knievel.html. Retrieved 21 June 2009.
- ^ a b "Richard Hammond's Engineering Connections | Programmes | National Geographic Channel". Natgeochannel.co.uk. http://natgeochannel.co.uk/engineering-connections. Retrieved 21 June 2009.
- ^ Salter, Jessica (9 August 2008). "Richard Hammond paid £750,000 for Morrisons advert". London: Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2526419/Richard-Hammond-paid-750000-for-Morrisons-advert.html. Retrieved 21 June 2009.
- ^ "Top Gear duo get plenty of mileage out of Telecom's woes". The New Zealand Herald. 20 February 2010. http://www.nzherald.co.nz/telecom/news/article.cfm?o_id=207&objectid=10627382. Retrieved 24 February 2010.
- ^ "Has Richard Hammond crashed more times than Telecom XT?". RadioLIVE. 23 February 2010. http://www.radiolive.co.nz/LUSH--Has-Richard-Hammond-crashed-more-times-than-Telecom-XT/tabid/506/articleID/12199/Default.aspx. Retrieved 24 March 2010.
- ^ Rushton, Katherine (17 September 2008). "BBC1 hands Hammond Saturday night Wipeout | News | Broadcast". Broadcastnow.co.uk. http://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/news/people/2008/09/BBC1_hands_hammond_saturday_night_wipeout.html. Retrieved 21 June 2009.
- ^ bbc.co.uk. "CBBC Programmes – Richard Hammond's Blast Lab". BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/cbbc/blastlab. Retrieved 28 Oct 2010.
- ^ CVG. "CVG interviews Rome: Total War developers". http://www.computerandvideogames.com/140495/interviews/looking-back-rome-total-war/. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
- ^ http://www.channelflip.com/richard-hammonds-tech-head/
- ^ ""Richard Hammond's Journey to the Centre of the Planet" previous episode listings". British Broadcasting Corporation. http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00x7fdp/episodes/2011. Retrieved 21 July 2011.
- ^ ""Richard Hammond's Journey to the Centre of the Planet" official programme website". British Broadcasting Corporation. http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00x7fdp. Retrieved 21 July 2011.
- ^ "Richard Hammond's Crash Course – Launch Trailer". BBC America. BBC. http://www.bbcamerica.com/crash-course/videos/launch-trailer/. Retrieved 24 March 2012.
- ^ "Hammond 'has taken first steps'". BBC News. 23 September 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/5372890.stm. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
- ^ "Hammond 'prefers cycling in town'". BBC News. 29 April 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6605717.stm. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
- ^ IMCDb.org: 1982 Porsche 911 SC in "Top Gear, 2002–2011"
- ^ Richard Hammond's 1982 Porsche 911 SC – Motorworld Forums
- ^ IMCDb.org: 2006 Porsche 911 Carrera 2S [997] in "Top Gear, 2002–2011"
- ^ a b Mopar Muscle for Top Gear's Hammond – DRC Review News Article
- ^ IMCDb.org: 1967 Ford Mustang GT390 in "Top Gear, 2002–2011"
- ^ IMCDb.org: 2008 Dodge Challenger SRT-8 in "Top Gear, 2002–2011"
- ^ Transmission – BBC Top Gear More video: James drives to the studio parts 3 and 4 «
- ^ On the Move: Richard Hammond
- ^ First bike ride 'elates' Hammond
- ^ http://news.sky.com/skynews/article/0,,30100-1276474,00.html Article reporting on Hammond's car abandonment
- ^ ANANOVA: Star dumps car to run 16 miles home
- ^ As You Do pp. 8–12, 89, 163, 200–11, 301
- ^ "Richard Hammond attracts record numbers at Country Fair". BBC Online. 2 August 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/herefordandworcester/hi/people_and_places/newsid_8878000/8878766.stm. Retrieved 4 August 2010. "The Top Gear presenter Richard Hammond was one of the main reasons for a record attendance at the 31st Herefordshire Country Fair."
- ^ Richard Hammond unveils new building
- ^ a b c d "TV presenter 'stable' after crash". BBC News website (British Broadcasting Corporation). 21 September 2006. 2006-09-21 11:59 (GMT). Archived from the original on 17 October 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071017154900/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/north_yorkshire/5366422.stm. Retrieved 18 June 2009. "The 36-year-old was thought to be driving at about 300mph on an airfield near York when he crashed on Wednesday."
- ^ a b c "Hammond talks to Top Gear co-star". BBC News website (British Broadcasting Corporation). 22 September 2006. 2006-09-22 19:57 (GMT). Archived from the original on 3 February 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070203095946/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/5371556.stm. Retrieved 8 December 2008. "Mr Hammond suffered a "significant brain injury" when he crashed a jet-powered car at a speed of up to 300mph during filming near York."
- ^ a b c d e f g h i (PDF) Investigation into the accident of Richard Hammond. Health and Safety Executive. 2007-06-22. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070928001836/http://www.hse.gov.uk/foi/releases/richardhammond.pdf. Retrieved 18 June 2009. "The BBC Top Gear programme production team had arranged for Richard Hammond (RH) to drive Primetime Land Speed Engineering’s Vampire jet car at Elvington Airfield, near York, on Wednesday 20 September 2006."
- ^ a b 0-288mph-0 in 20 seconds. BBC Magazines. 2007-01-28. Archived from the original on 21 October 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071021025011/http://www.topgear.com/content/features/stories/2007/01/stories/09/1.html. Retrieved 18 June 2009. "Watch the reconstruction step-by-step as we talk you through every stage of the events leading up to the 288mph crash, or play it through at full speed to appreciate the astonishing acceleration and G-force of the 10,000bhp rocket car."
- ^ "Speed king breaks 300mph barrier". BBC News website (British Broadcasting Corporation). 6 July 2000. 2000-07-06 09:09 (GMT). Archived from the original on 9 March 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080309121059/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/821539.stm. Retrieved 18 June 2009. "Engineer Colin Farrows has smashed the British land speed record with a 300mph run in his jet-propelled car."
- ^ a b c d "TV host seriously hurt in crash". BBC News website (British Broadcasting Corporation). 21 September 2006. 2006-09-21 07:28 (GMT). Archived from the original on 18 October 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071018162545/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/north_yorkshire/5365676.stm. Retrieved 18 June 2009. "He said: "We were down there with Top Gear who were filming him trying to break the British land speed record."
- ^ "Hammond crash report finds safety failings | Entertainment | Reuters". Uk.reuters.com. 22 June 2007. http://uk.reuters.com/article/topNews/idUKL2289040920070622. Retrieved 21 June 2009.
- ^ a b c "Top Gear's Hammond Has Brain Injury". Sky News website (British Sky Broadcasting). 2006-09-21 21:21 (GMT). Archived from the original on 12 October 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071012131619/http://news.sky.com/skynews/article/0,,30000-13543385,00.html. Retrieved 18 June 2009. "Dave Ogden, one of the first on the scene, said Hammond had been travelling at speeds close to 300mph."
- ^ a b "Top Gear star 'making progress'". BBC News website (British Broadcasting Corporation). 22 September 2006. 2006-09-22 09:50 (GMT). Archived from the original on 7 March 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070307131425/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/north_yorkshire/5369512.stm. Retrieved 18 June 2009. "Doctors at Leeds General Infirmary, where he has been since Wednesday, said his condition was now "stable"."
- ^ a b Smith, Emma (2008-02-24). "On the Move: Richard Hammond". The Sunday Times (Times Newspapers). "He had reached 314mph – an unofficial British land-speed record – before the accident, which was caused by a tyre bursting and sending the car spinning out of control, turning it upside down and leaving Hammond’s head effectively to act as a brake as his helmet dug into the ground."
- ^ http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00sfptv
External links[link]
|
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Richard Hammond |
- Official website
- Richard Hammond on Twitter
- Richard Hammond at the Internet Movie Database
- Donations to Yorkshire Air Ambulance double as a result of their life-saving rescue of Richard Hammond
- Richard Hammond on Top Gear
- Q&A – The Guardian – 2009-1-3. Hammond questions about himself. Retrieved 2009-6-29.
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Hammond, Richard |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | English motoring journalist and broadcaster |
| Date of birth | 19 December 1969 |
| Place of birth | Solihull, Warwickshire, England |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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