OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. (OCLC) is "a nonprofit, membership, computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purposes of furthering access to the world’s information and reducing information costs".^[2] Founded in 1967 as the Ohio College Library Center, OCLC and its member libraries cooperatively produce and maintain WorldCat, the largest online public access catalog (OPAC) in the world.

History[link]

It was incorporated on July 6, 1967 as the not-for-profit Ohio College Library Center.^[3] More than 72,000 libraries in 170 countries and territories use OCLC services to locate, acquire, catalog, lend and preserve library materials.^[4] The organization was founded by Fred Kilgour, and its head office is located in Dublin, Ohio, U.S.

Services[link]

OCLC provides bibliographic, abstract and full-text information to anyone.

OCLC and its member libraries cooperatively produce and maintain WorldCat—the OCLC Online Union Catalog, the largest online public access catalog (OPAC) in the world. WorldCat has holding records from public and private libraries worldwide. The Open WorldCat program makes records of library-owned materials in OCLC's WorldCat database available to Web users on popular Internet search, bibliographic, and bookselling sites. In October 2005, the OCLC technical staff began a wiki project allowing readers to add commentary and structured-field information associated with any WorldCat record.

Until August 2009, when it was sold to Backstage Library Works, OCLC owned a preservation microfilm and digitization operation called the OCLC Preservation Service Center, with its principal office in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, U.S.

Online database[link]

OCLC has a database for cataloging and searching purposes which is used by librarians and the public. The current computer program, Connexion, was introduced in 2001, and its predecessor, OCLC Passport, was phased out in May 2005.

This database contains records in MAchine Readable Cataloging (MARC) format contributed by library catalogers worldwide who use OCLC as a cataloging tool. These MARC format records are then downloaded into the libraries' local catalog systems. This allows libraries to find and download records for materials to add to their local catalog without the lengthy process of cataloging each individually.

As of February 2007, their database contained over 1.1 billion cataloged items. It is the world's largest bibliographic database. Connexion is available to professional librarians as a computer program or on the web at connexion.oclc.org.

WorldCat is available to the public for searching a web-based service called FirstSearch, as well as through the Open WorldCat program.

The Online Computer Library Center acquired the trademark and copyrights associated with the Dewey Decimal Classification System when it bought Forest Press in 1988.

WebJunction is a division of OCLC funded by a grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

QuestionPoint reference management service provides libraries with tools to communicate with users. This around-the-clock reference service is provided by a cooperative of participating global libraries.

Regional service providers[link]

Regional service providers contract with OCLC to provide support and training for OCLC services. This chart represents only OCLC services.

Company acquisitions[link]

OCLC acquired NetLibrary, the largest electronic content provider,^{[citation needed]} in 2002 and sold it in 2010 to EBSCO Industries.^[5] OCLC owns 100% of the shares of OCLC PICA, a library automation systems and services company which has its headquarters in Leiden in the Netherlands and which was renamed "OCLC" at the end of 2007.^[6] In June 2006, the Research Libraries Group (RLG) merged into OCLC. On January 11, 2008, OCLC announced^[7] that it had purchased EZproxy. It has also acquired OAIster. The process started in January 2009 and from 31 October 2009, OAIster records are freely available via WorldCat.org.

See also[link]

• Dublin Core
• Public library advocacy
• History of public library advocacy
• Dynix

References[link]

Further reading[link]

• Tim Spalding (Feb. 23, 2009). "Research libraries clobber OCLC Policy". Thingology Blog. Library Thing. http://www.librarything.com/blogs/thingology/2009/02/research-libraries-clobber-oclc-policy/. 

• Jeffrey Beall (April 19, 2010). "WorldCat Local's Rise and Fall". Metadata (blog). http://metadata.posterous.com/worldcat-locals-rise-and-fall. 

• Karen Coyle (July 29, 2010). "SkyRiver Sues OCLC over Anti-Trust". Coyle's InFormation. http://kcoyle.blogspot.com/2010/07/skyriver-sues-oclc-over-anti-trust.html. 

• Karen Coyle (Dec. 22, 2011). "National Library of Sweden and OCLC fail to agree". Coyle's InFormation. http://kcoyle.blogspot.com/2011/12/national-library-of-sweden-and-oclc.html. 

External links[link]

• Official website
• WorldCat
• Open WorldCat Program
• Netlibrary.org homepage
• Works by or about OCLC in libraries (WorldCat catalog)

Scott Hugh Walter (born 2 March 1989 in Brisbane, Queensland) is an Australian professional cricketer, who plays as a left-arm fast-medium bowler for the Queensland Bulls.^[1]

Walter represented Queensland at youth level and played for the Queensland Academy of Sport.^[1] In the 2008-09 season, he represented Queensland's senior team for the first time, with performances that included a six-wicket haul in a Sheffield Shield match against Western Australia and another four wickets in a limited overs match against South Australia.^[1][2] His first class debut earlier in the season had been marred by an injury that meant he could only bowl eight overs in the match.^[1]

References[link]

v t e Queensland squad – current squad 2 Barbsy 4 Buchanan 6 Forrest 8 McDermott 18 Hartley (†) 20 Neser 28 Swan 30 Broad 31 Cutting 36 Reardon 39 Hopes (c) 41 Townsend 45 Harris 48 Walter 49 Boyce 50 Lynn 51 Dunk (†) 52 Floros 53 Kemp 42 Gannon 58 Feldman 61 Robinson 62 Burns  Hannan Coach: Lehmann

Lanza del Vasto
Born	Giuseppe Giovanni Luigi Enrico Lanza di Trabia (1901-09-29)29 September 1901 San Vito dei Normanni, Italy
Died	January 5, 1981(1981-01-05) Elche de la Sierra, Spain
Occupation	Philosopher, poet, artist, and nonviolent activist.

Lanza del Vasto, (Giuseppe Giovanni Luigi Enrico Lanza di Trabia), (September 29, 1901 – January 5, 1981) was a philosopher, poet, artist, catholic and nonviolent activist.

He was born in San Vito dei Normanni, Italy and died in Elche de la Sierra, Spain.

A western disciple of Mohandas K. Gandhi, he worked for inter-religious dialogue, spiritual renewal, ecological activism and nonviolence.

Youth in Italy[link]

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Meeting Gandhi[link]

In December 1936, Lanza went to India, joining the movement for Indian independence led by Gandhi. He knew of Gandhi through a book by Romain Rolland. He spent six months with the Mahatma, then in June 1937, went to the source of the Ganges river in the Himalayas, a famous pilgrimage site. There he saw a vision who told him "Go back and found!"

He left then India and went back to Europe. In 1938, he went to Palestine, then in the midst of civil war, to Jerusalem and Bethlehem, "between two lines of tanks".

He came back to Paris at the time when the Second World War started. He wrote some poetry books and in 1943 he published the story of his trip to India, Return to the Source, which became a huge success.

Foundation of the Ark[link]

He founded the Community of the Ark in 1948 which first met a lot of difficulties. In 1954, he went back to India to participate in nonviolent anti-feudal struggles with Vinoba Bhave.

In 1962 the Community of the Ark settled in Haut-Languedoc, in the south of France, at the Borie Noble, near Lodève, in a deserted village. After numbering over a hundred members in the 1970s and 1980s, some communities were closed in the 1990s due to conflicts, ageing population (under thirty members) and a lack of interest in its work and lifestyle. Since 2000, groups are present in few regions of France, in Belgium, Spain, Italy, Equator and Canada.^[1]

Nonviolent struggles[link]

In 1957, during the Algerian War, del Vasto started with other known people (General de Bollardière, François Mauriac, Robert Barrat, etc.) a movement of protest against torture. He fasted for 21 days. In 1958, he demonstrated against the nuclear power plant in Marcoule, France, which produced plutonium for nuclear weapons.

In 1963, he fasted for 40 days in Rome during the Second Vatican Council, asking Pope John XXIII to stand against war - "Pour demander au Pape de prendre position contre la guerre."

In 1965 he was at the Universidad Nacional de La Plata, city of Santa Rosa, province of La Pampa, Argentina, talking about no-violence during weeks with the students.

Left to right, Jean-Marie Muller, Lanza del Vasto, Jacques de la Bollardière on the Larzac during the struggle against the military camp extension.

In 1972, he supported the farmers of the Larzac plateau against the extension of a military camp while fasting for 15 days. In 1974 a community of the Ark settled in the Larzac in a farmhouse bought by the army.

In 1976, he participated to the demonstrations against the building of the fast breeder reactor Superphénix at Creys-Malville, Isère (France).

Bibliography[link]

• Ballades aux Dames du temps présent, Paris, 1923.
• Conquiste du Vento, Florence, 1927.
• Fantasia Notturna, théâtre, Florence, 1927.
• Judas, récit biblique, Grasset, 1938, Gallimard, 1992.
• Le Chiffre des Choses, poésies, Robert Laffont, 1942.
• Le Pélerinage aux Sources, Denoël, 1943, Gallimard, 1989, Le Rocher, 1993.
• Dialogue de l'Amitié, avec Luc Dietrich (Laffont, 1942, 1993).
• Choix, poésies, Le Seuil, 1944.
• 'La Marche des Rois, théâtre, R. Laffont, 1944.
• Principes et préceptes du retour à l'évidence, Denoël, 1945, Le Rocher, 1996 sous le titre Eloge de la vie simple.
• La Baronne de Carins, bilingue, poème épique traduit du vieux sicilien, Le Seuil, 1946.
• La Passion, théâtre, Grasset, 1951.
• Commentaire de l'Evangile, Denoël, 1951, Le Rocher, 1994.
• Histoire d'une amitié, dans L'Injuste Grandeur de Luc Dietrich, Denoël, 1951, Le Rocher, 1993.
• Vinoba, ou le nouveau pélerinage, Denoël, 1954, Gallimard, 1982.
• Préfaces aux huit ouvrages de la collection Pensée gandhienne, Denoël, 1985-1965.
• Les Quatre Fléaux, philosophie, Denoël, 1959, Le Rocher, 1993.
• Pacification en Algérie, ou mensonge et violence, édition clandestine, 1960, L'Harmattan, 1988.
• Approches de la Vie Intérieure, Denoël, 1962, Le Rocher, 1992.
• Noé, théâtre, Denoël, 1965.
• La Montée des âmes vivantes, Denoël, 1968.
• L'Homme libre et les ânes sauvages, Denoël, 1969 et 1987.
• La Trinité spirituelle, philosophie, Denoël, 1971, Le Rocher, 1994.
• Technique de la non-violence, Denoël, 1971, Gallimard, 1988.
• L'Arche avait pour voilure une vigne, Denoël, 1978, 1982.
• Les etymologies imaginaires: Verite, vie et vertu des mots, Denoël, 1985. (ISBN 2207230090)
• David Berger, théâtre, Lion de Judas, 1988.
• Pour éviter la fin du monde, Le Rocher, 1991.
• Le Viatique, 2 tomes, Le Rocher, 1991.
• Les Quatre Pilliers de la paix, Le Rocher, 1992.
• Le Grand Retour, Le Rocher, 1993. (ISBN 2268015343)
• Pages d'enseignement, Le Rocher, 1993. (ISBN 2268016072)

Books in English[link]

• Return to the Source, Schocken, New York, 1972. Includes an account of Shantidas’s stay with Gandhi. (ISBN 0805234411)
• Make Straight the Way of the Lord: An Anthology of the Philosophical Writings of Lanza del Vasto, Knopf, New York, 1974. (ISBN 0394493877)
• Warriors of Peace: Writings on the Technique of Nonviolence, Knopf, New York, 1974. (ISBN 0394709330)
• Gandhi to Vinoba: The New Pilgrimage, Shocken, New York, 1974. (ISBN 080523554X) (Reprint from Rider, London, 1956) (translated by Philip Leon from Vinoba, ou le nouveau pélerinage, Denoël, 1954)

Essays on Lanza del Vasto[link]

• Qui est Lanza del Vasto, par Jacques Madaule,
• Lanza del Vasto, par Arnaud de Mareuil (Seghers, 1965)
• Dialogues avec Lanza del Vasto, par René Doumerc (Albin Michel)
• Les Facettes de Cristal, entretiens avec Claude-Henri Roquet (Le Centurion)
• Lanza del Vasto, sa vie, son œuvre, son message, par Arnaud de Mareuil (Dangles)

References[link]

1. ^ Régions Community of Ark website.

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Lanza del Vasto

v t e Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Family Kasturba Harilal Manilal Ramdas Devdas Samaldas Arun Rajmohan Tushar Gopalkrishna Influences Ahimsa Ashram Bhagavad Gita Henry David Thoreau Civil disobedience Fasting Hinduism Jainism John Ruskin Leo Tolstoy The Kingdom of God Is Within You The Masque of Anarchy Pacifism Sermon on the Mount Shrimad Rajchandra Unto This Last Vegetarianism Life Civil rights movement in South Africa Bardoli Satyagraha Champaran and Kheda Satyagraha Non-cooperation Chauri Chaura Purna Swaraj Salt Satyagraha Vaikom Satyagraha Poona Pact Quit India Assassination Philosophy Gandhism Economics Sarvodaya Satyagraha The Story of My Experiments with Truth Swadeshi Swaraj Associates Vinoba Bhave Vallabhbhai Patel Acharya Kripalani Mirabehn C. F. Andrews Narhari Parikh Ravi Shankar Vyas Mohanlal Pandya Mahadev Desai Abbas Tyabji Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan Dada Dharmadhikari J. C. Kumarappa Hermann Kallenbach Legacy Artistic depictions Gandhigiri Gandhi Peace Prize Gujarat Vidyapith Jamia Millia Islamia Kashi Vidyapeeth Memorial Hospital Seven Blunders of the World Influenced James Bevel Steve Biko 14th Dalai Lama Maria Lacerda de Moura James Lawson Martin Luther King, Jr. Nelson Mandela Aung San Suu Kyi Lanza del Vasto Memorials Physical Gandhi Smriti Kanyakumari Martin Luther King, Jr., National Historic Site National Gandhi Museum Pietermaritzburg Rajghat Observances Gandhi Jayanti International Day of Non-Violence Season for Nonviolence Category Commons Wikiquotes