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2012 IAAF World Indoor Championships photographer stand

Paparazzi at the Tribeca Film Festival

A hotel photographer and a hotel guest in an Hotel in Konaklı, Alanya, Turkey

A photographer (from Greek φωτός (photos), meaning "light", and γράφω (graphos), meaning "written") is a person who takes photographs. A professional photographer uses photography to earn money; amateur photographers take photographs for pleasure and to record an event, emotion, place, or person.

A professional photographer may be an employee, for example of a newspaper, or may contract to cover a particular event such as a wedding or graduation, or to illustrate an advertisement. Others, including paparazzi and fine art photographers, are freelancers, first making a picture and then offering it for sale or display. Some workers, such as policemen, estate agents, journalists and scientists, make photographs as part of other work. Photographers who produce moving rather than still pictures are often called cinematographers, videographers or camera operators, depending on the commercial context.

Photographers are also categorized based on the subjects they photograph. Some photographers explore subjects typical of paintings such as landscape, still life, and portraiture. Other photographers specialize in subjects unique to photography, including street photography, documentary photography, fashion photography, wedding photography, war photography, photojournalism, and commercial photography.

Selling photographs[link]

The exclusive right of photographers to copy and use their products is protected by copyright. Countless industries purchase photographs for use in publications and on products. The photographs seen on magazine covers, in television advertising, on greeting cards or calendars, on websites, or on products and packages, have generally been purchased for this use, either directly from the photographer or through an agency that represents the photographer. A photographer uses a contract to sell the "license" or use of his or her photograph with exact controls regarding how often the photograph will be used, in what territory it will be used (for example U.S. or U.K. or other), and exactly for which products. This is usually referred to as usage fee and is used to distinguish from production fees (payment for the actual creation of a photograph or photographs). An additional contract and royalty would apply for each additional use of the photograph.

The time duration of the contract may be for one year or other duration. The photographer usually charges a royalty as well as a one-time fee, depending on the terms of the contract. The contract may be for non-exclusive use of the photograph (meaning the photographer can sell the same photograph for more than one use during the same year) or for exclusive use of the photograph (i.e. only that company may use the photograph during the term). The contract can also stipulate that the photographer is entitled to audit the company for determination of royalty payments. Royalties vary depending on the industry buying the photograph and the use, for example, royalties for a photograph used on a poster or in television advertising may be higher than the royalty for use on a limited run of brochures. A royalty is also often based on the size the photo will be used in a magazine or book and cover photos usually command higher fees than photos used elsewhere in a book or magazine.

Photos taken by a photographer while working on assignment often belong to the company or publication unless stipulated otherwise by contract. Professional portrait and wedding photographers often stipulate by contract that they retain the copyright on wedding photos or portrait photos, so that only they can sell further prints of the photographs to the consumer, rather than the customer reproducing the photos by other means. If the customer wishes to be able to reproduce the photos themselves, they may discuss an alternative contract with the photographer in advance before the pictures are taken, in which a larger up front fee may be paid in exchange for reprint rights passing to the customer.

There are major companies who have maintained catalogues of stock photography and images for decades, such as Getty Images and others. Since the turn of the 21st century many online stock photography catalogues have appeared that invite photographers to sell their photos online easily and quickly, but often for very little money, without a royalty, and without control over the use of the photo, the market it will be used in, the products it will be used on, time duration, etc.

Photo sharing[link]

Many people upload their photographs to social networking websites and other websites, in order to share them with a particular group or with the general public. Those interested in legal precision may explicitly release them to the public domain or under a free content license. Some sites, including Wikimedia Commons, are punctilious about licenses and only accept pictures with clear information about permitted use.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Photographers

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Tagged since September 2010. It may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Tagged since December 2007.

Scott Kelby

Scott Kelby (born 1960 in Lakeland, Florida) is an American photographer and an author and publisher of periodicals dealing in Macintosh and Personal Computer software, specifically for design professionals, photographers, and artists.

Biography[link]

Kelby is editor and publisher of Photoshop User and Layers magazines, president and co-founder of the National Association of Photoshop Professionals (NAPP) and is president of Kelby Media Group, an Oldsmar, Florida-based software training, education, and publishing firm.

Kelby is a photographer, designer, and the award-winning author of more than 40 books, including Photoshop Down & Dirty Tricks, The Photoshop CS3 Book for Digital Photographers, The Photoshop Channels Book, Photoshop Classic Effects, The Adobe Photoshop Lightroom Book for Digital Photographers, The iPod Book, The Digital Photography Book, and The iPhone Book.

His books have been translated into dozens of different languages. The Photoshop Book for Digital Photographers won the 'Professional/Technica/Computers' section of the 2004 Benjamin Franklin Award from the Independent Book Publishers Association.^[1]

He is the training director for the Adobe Photoshop Seminar Tour and conference technical chair for the Photoshop World Conference & Expo. He is featured in a series of Photoshop training DVDs and has been training Photoshop users since 1993.

In the fall of 2007, he created Kelbytraining.com ^[2] to bring much of his training material into one easy-to-find location.

In 2008 he started the "Scott Kelby Worldwide Photowalk". In 2009 this consisted of communal photowalks in 900 cities.^[3]

Photoshop User TV[link]

Since the fall of 2005, Scott Kelby has co-presented the video podcast Photoshop User TV, named after his organization's flagship magazine. The 30-45 minute show, which began life as "Photoshop TV" (and was briefly "NAPP TV"), is available for viewing and download each week at PhotoshopUserTV.com.^[4] During the show, Kelby and his NAPP friends/coworkers talk Adobe Photoshop news and tutorials in a witty, bantering style. Aside from Kelby, these people figure prominently into the show's success:

• Dave Cross, Senior Education and Curriculum Developer, National Association of Photoshop Professionals
• Matt Kloskowski, Education and Curriculum Developer, National Association of Photoshop Professionals

Scott Kelby, Dave Cross, and Matt Jessica Kloskowski are often referred to collectively as the Photoshop Guys.

• Corey Barker, Education and Curriculum Developer for the National Association of Photoshop Professionals and the Executive Producer of the popular tutorial site Planet Photoshop
• Rafael "RC" Concepcion, Education and Curriculum Developer, National Association of Photoshop Professionals

As of the fall of 2007, Corey Barker and RC Concepcion host the sister video podcast Layers TV, which covers a broad swath of Adobe Systems creative products.

• Stephanie Cross, News Anchor and iPod Flea girl.

In addition to these regulars, the show often brings on prominent creatives to discuss their techniques, including Photoshop Hall of Famer Deke McClelland, digital photorealism artist Bert Monroy, and photographers Rick Sammon, Moose Peterson and Vincent Versace.

Photoshop User TV is consistently ranked among the top podcasts on iTunes.

Bibliography[link]

Scott Kelby is one of the most prolific authors in the computer/graphic arts industry. Below is a list of books (not exhaustive) he has authored or co-authored. A full and up-to-date listing is available on his web site.^[5]:

• 2000 Photoshop 6 Down and Dirty Tricks
• 2001 Photoshop 6 Killer Tips
• 2001 Photoshop 6 Photo-Retouching Secrets
• 2002 Mac OS X v. 10.2 Jaguar Killer Tips
• 2002 Macintosh...The Naked Truth
• 2002 Photoshop 7 Down & Dirty Tricks
• 2002 Photoshop 7 Killer Tips
• 2002 Photoshop Most Wanted: Effects and Design Tips
• 2003 Adobe Photoshop CS Down & Dirty Tricks
• 2003 Mac OS X Panther Killer Tips
• 2003 Photoshop Elements for Photographers
• 2003 The Adobe Photoshop CS Book for Digital Photographers
• 2003 The Mac OS X Conversion Kit: 9 to 10 Side by Side, Panther Edition
• 2003 The Photoshop Book for Digital Photographers
• 2003 The Photoshop Elements Book for Digital Photographers
• 2004 InDesign CS Killer Tips
• 2004 Photoshop Classic Effects: The Essential Effects Every User Needs to Know
• 2004 Photoshop CS Killer Tips
• 2004 Photoshop Elements 3 Down & Dirty Tricks
• 2004 Photoshop in Motion with Final Cut Pro
• 2004 The iTunes for Windows Book
• 2004 The Photoshop Elements 3 Book for Digital Photographers
• 2005 Digital Photography Killer Tips
• 2005 Getting Started with Your Mac and Mac OS X Tiger
• 2005 InDesign CS2 Killer Tips
• 2005 Mac OS X Tiger Killer Tips
• 2005 Photoshop CS2 Down & Dirty Tricks
• 2005 Photoshop CS2 Killer Tips
• 2005 Photoshop CS2 Power Session
• 2005 Photoshop for Wedding Photographers Personal Seminar Interactive DVD Training and Guide
• 2005 The Book for Guys Who Don't Want Kids
• 2005 The iPod Book: Doing Cool Stuff with the iPod and the iTunes Music Store
• 2005 The Photoshop CS2 Book for Digital Photographers
• 2005 The Photoshop CS2 Channels Book
• 2006 The Digital Photography Book, Volume 1 - ISBN 978-0-321-47404-9
• 2007 The iPhone Book: How to Do the Things You Want With Your iPhone
• 2007 The Photoshop CS3 Book for Digital Photographers
• 2007 The Adobe Photoshop Lightroom Book for Digital Photographers
• 2007 The Photoshop 7-point System
• 2008 The Digital Photography Book, Volume 2 - ISBN 978-0-321-52476-8
• 2008 The Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 2 Book for Digital Photographers
• 2009 The Adobe Photoshop CS4 Book for Digital Photographers
• 2009 Photoshop CS4 Down & Dirty Tricks
• 2009 The Digital Photography Book, Volume 3 - ISBN 0-321-61765-7
• 2009 Photo Recipes Live: Behind the Scenes: Your Guide to Today's Most Popular Lighting Techniques - ISBN 0-321-70175-5
• 2010 The Adobe Photoshop CS5 Book for Digital Photographers
• 2010 "The Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 3 Book for Digital Photographers"

References[link]

External links[link]

• The National Association of Photoshop Professionals
• Layers Magazine: The How-to Magazine for Everything Adobe
• Scott Kelby's Website
• KelbyTraining.com
• Photoshop User TV
• Peachpit.com Interview with Scott Kelby

Karl Gorman Taylor, Sr.
Karl G. Taylor, Sr., Medal of Honor recipient
Born	(1939-07-14)July 14, 1939 Laurel, Maryland
Died	December 8, 1968(1968-12-08) (aged 29) Killed in action in Vietnam
Place of burial	Independence Cemetery, Independence Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania
Allegiance	United States of America
Service/branch	United States Marine Corps
Years of service	1959-1968
Rank	Staff Sergeant
Unit	1st Battalion 6th Marines, 2nd Battalion 3rd Marines, 3rd Battalion, 26th Marines
Battles/wars	Vietnam War
Awards	Medal of Honor Purple Heart

Karl Gorman Taylor, Sr. (July 14, 1939 – December 8, 1968) was a United States Marine who posthumously received the United States' highest military decoration – the Medal of Honor – for his actions in Vietnam in December 1968.

Biography[link]

Karl Taylor was born on July 14, 1939 in Laurel, Maryland. He graduated from Arundel Junior High School in 1953, then attended Arundel Senior High School for three years until 1956. After leaving high school, he was employed by a construction company as a Tournapull-Scraper Operator. In 1961, he received a high school equivalency diploma from the Armed Forces Institute in Madison, Wisconsin.

He enlisted in the United States Marine Corps along with his brother, Walter William Taylor, at Recruiting Station Baltimore on January 15, 1959. Upon completion of recruit training with the 3rd Recruit Training Battalion, at Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island, he went on to infantry combat training with the 1st Infantry Training Regiment, Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune. After completing infantry training in July 1959, he was assigned duty as a rifleman, section leader, and a platoon guide, successively, with Company A, 1st Battalion 6th Marines, 2nd Marine Division. He was promoted to private first class on July 1, 1959; to Lance Corporal on March 1, 1960; and to Corporal on October 24, 1960. From January until February 1962, he attended the Drill Instructor School at Parris Island, then served as a Drill Instructor at 2nd Recruit Training Battalion until January 1963.

After this enlistment tour was over, Cpl Taylor returned to inactive duty for three months and was with the 4th Marine Corps Reserve and Recruitment District at Philadelphia. On March 26, 1963, he returned to active duty at Marine Corps Base Quantico, and served as Assistant Police Sergeant and, later, Police Sergeant, Guard Company, Service Battalion, Marine Corps Schools. He was promoted to sergeant on December 1, 1963.

Transferred to the 3rd Marine Division, in August 1964, Sgt Taylor saw a one-year tour of duty in the Vietnam war as rocket section leader and platoon guide, with Company G, 2nd Battalion 3rd Marines. Reassigned to Sub Unit #2, Headquarters Company, Headquarters and Service Battalion, Fleet Marine Force, Pacific, in August 1965, he served as an instructor for the NCO Leadership School until the following November.

Upon his return to the United States in January 1966, Sgt Taylor returned to Marine Corps Schools, Quantico, for duty as Candidate Company Platoon Sergeant and Platoon Sergeant of Company A, Officer Candidate School. He was promoted to staff sergeant on September 1, 1966. In February 1968, he returned to the Far East and the 3rd Marine Division, this time for duty as platoon Sergeant and Company Gunnery Sergeant of Company I, 3rd Battalion, 26th Marine Regiment. While participating in Operation Meade River on December 8, 1968, he was mortally wounded, while charging an enemy machine gun bunker to allow his platoon to rescue wounded Marines. He was able to take out the enemy position just before he was killed. For this action, he was awarded the Medal of Honor.

On February 16, 1971, President Richard Nixon, in a White House ceremony, presented SSgt Taylor's Medal of Honor to his family — his wife, daughter, age 8, and two sons, age 7 and 4.^[1]

He was buried in Independence Cemetery at Independence Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania.

Awards and honors[link]

Taylor's decorations include:

• SSgt. Karl Taylor's son Kevin followed his father's footstep, enlisting in the Marine Corps in 1984. In 1997, he was with the Construction Equipment Repair Branch, MCB Quantico, Virginia.^[2]

• Karl G. Taylor, Sr. has his name inscribed on the Vietnam Veterans Memorial on Panel 37W, Row 070.^[3]

• The Marine Corps League's detachment #1084 — the SSgt Karl G. Taylor Detachment — is named in honor of the Medal of Honor recipient.^[4]

Medal of Honor citation[link]

The President of the United States in the name of the Congress takes pride in presenting the MEDAL OF HONOR posthumously to

for service as set forth in the following CITATION:

For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty while serving as a Company Gunnery Sergeant during Operation MEADE RIVER in the Republic of Vietnam on the night of 8 December 1968. Informed that the commander of the lead platoon had been mortally wounded when his unit was pinned down by a heavy volume of enemy fire, Staff Sergeant Taylor along with another Marine, crawled forward to the beleaguered unit through a hail of hostile fire, shouted encouragement and instructions to the men, and deployed them to covered positions. With his companion, he then repeatedly maneuvered across an open area to rescue those Marines who were too seriously wounded to move by themselves. Upon learning that there were still other seriously wounded men lying in another open area, in proximity to an enemy machine gun position, Staff Sergeant Taylor, accompanied by four comrades, led his men forward across the fire-swept terrain in an attempt to rescue the Marines. When his group was halted by devastating fire, he directed his companion to return to the company command post; whereupon he took his grenade launcher and, in full view of the enemy, charged across the open rice paddy toward the machine gun position, firing his weapon as he ran. Although wounded several times, he succeeded in reaching the machine gun bunker and silencing the fire from that sector, moments before he was mortally wounded. Directly instrumental in saving the lives of several of his fellow Marines, Staff Sergeant Taylor, by his indomitable courage, inspiring leadership, and selfless dedication, upheld the highest traditions of the Marine Corps and the United States Naval Service.

/S/ RICHARD M. NIXON

See also[link]

	Biography portal
	United States Marine Corps portal

• List of Medal of Honor recipients
• List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Vietnam War

References[link]

 This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Marine Corps.

Inline

General

• "Staff Sergeant Karl Gorman Taylor, Sr., USMC, Who's Who in Marine Corps History, History Division, United States Marine Corps. Retrieved on 2009-08-05". http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Whos_Who/Taylor_KG.htm. Retrieved September 29, 2010. 
• "SSgt Karl G. Taylor, Medal of Honor, 1968, Operation Meade River, Medal of Honor citation. Retrieved on 2006-06-25". http://www.usmc.mil/moh.nsf/000003c919889c0385255f980058f5b6/0000033ba9f47a7385255fa600517e58?OpenDocument. Retrieved September 29, 2010. ^{[dead link]}
• "Karl G. Taylor, Sr.". Claim to Fame: Medal of Honor recipients. Find a Grave. http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=7242551. Retrieved 2008-10-27. 
• ""An Extraordinary Man", profile of Karl G. Taylor. Retrieved on 2006-06-25". http://home.earthlink.net/~tigr/moh.htm. Retrieved September 29, 2010.