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Abdera, Spain
http://wn.com/Abdera_Spain -
Aberdeen
Aberdeen (; , (pronounced ) is Scotland's third most populous city, one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas and the United Kingdom's 29th most populous city. It has an official population estimate of .
http://wn.com/Aberdeen -
Abkhazia
Abkhazia ( Apsny, Apkhazeti, Abkhazia) is a political entity on the eastern coast of the Black Sea and the south-western flank of the Caucasus whose status is disputed. It considers itself an independent state (the Republic of Abkhazia). This is recognised by Russia, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Nauru, South Ossetia and Transnistria.
http://wn.com/Abkhazia -
Albania
Albania ( , , Gheg Albanian: Shqipnia/Shqypnia), officially known as the Republic of Albania (, pronounced ), is a country in South Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, the Republic of Macedonia to the east and Greece to the south and southeast. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the west, and on the Ionian Sea to the southwest. It is less than from Italy, across the Strait of Otranto which links the Adriatic Sea to the Ionian Sea.
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Algeciras
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Algeria
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Algiers
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Alicante
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Amioun
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Amsterdam
Amsterdam (; Dutch ) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, with an urban population of 1,364,422 and a metropolitan population of 2,158,372. The city is located in the province of North Holland in the west of the country. It comprises the northern part of the Randstad, the sixth-largest metropolitan area in Europe, with a population of approximately 6.7 million.
http://wn.com/Amsterdam -
Andalusia
http://wn.com/Andalusia -
Andorra
Andorra , officially the Principality of Andorra (), also called the Principality of the Valleys of Andorra, (), is a small country in southwestern Europe, located in the eastern Pyrenees mountains and bordered by Spain and France. It is the sixth smallest nation in Europe having an area of and an estimated population of 83,888 in 2009. Its capital, Andorra la Vella, is the highest capital city in Europe, being at an elevation of 1023 metres. The official language is Catalan, although Spanish, French, and Portuguese are also commonly spoken.
http://wn.com/Andorra -
Andorra la Vella
Andorra la Vella is the capital of the Co-principality of Andorra, and is located high in the east Pyrenees between France and Spain. It is also the name of the parish that surrounds the capital.
http://wn.com/Andorra_la_Vella -
Anguilla
Anguilla ( ) is a British overseas territory in the Caribbean, one of the most northerly of the Leeward Islands in the Lesser Antilles. It consists of the main island of Anguilla itself, approximately long by wide at its widest point, together with a number of much smaller islands and cays with no permanent population. The island's capital is The Valley. The total land area of the territory is , with a population of approximately 13,500 (2006 estimate).
http://wn.com/Anguilla -
Ankara
Ankara (Traditional English: Angora) is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after Istanbul. The city has a mean elevation of , and as of 2008 the city had a population of 4,500,000. Ankara also serves as the capital of Ankara Province.
http://wn.com/Ankara -
Armagh
Armagh (pronounced ar-maa, ) is a large settlement in Northern Ireland, and the county town of County Armagh. It is an ancient site of worship for both Celtic paganism and Christianity. Although classed as a medium-sized town, Armagh was granted city status by Queen Elizabeth II in 1994. Its population of 14,590 (2001 Census) makes it the least-populated city in both Northern Ireland and the island of Ireland.
http://wn.com/Armagh -
Armenia
http://wn.com/Armenia -
Ascension Island
http://wn.com/Ascension_Island -
Astana
http://wn.com/Astana -
Austria
Austria or (), officially the Republic of Austria (German: ), is a landlocked country of roughly 8.3 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers and has a temperate and alpine climate. Austria's terrain is highly mountainous due to the presence of the Alps; only 32% of the country is below , and its highest point is . The majority of the population speaks German, which is also the country's official language. Other local official languages are Croatian, Hungarian and Slovene.
http://wn.com/Austria -
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan ( ; ), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (), is one of the six independent Turkic states in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, it is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, and Iran to the south.
http://wn.com/Azerbaijan -
Baalbek
Baalbek () is a town in the Bekaa Valley of Lebanon, altitude , situated east of the Litani River. It is famous for its exquisitely detailed yet monumentally scaled temple ruins of the Roman period, when Baalbek, then known as Heliopolis, was one of the largest sanctuaries in the Empire. It is Lebanon's greatest Roman treasure, and it can be counted among the wonders of the ancient world. It contains the largest and most noble Roman temples ever built, and they are among the best preserved.
http://wn.com/Baalbek -
Baku
Baku (), sometimes known as Baqy, Baky, Baki or Bakou, is the capital, the largest city, and the largest port of Azerbaijan and all the Caucasus. Located on the southern shore of the Absheron Peninsula, the city consists of two principal parts: the downtown and the old Inner City (21.5 ha). Dating to antiquity, its urban population at the beginning of 2009 was estimated at just over two million people.
http://wn.com/Baku -
Ballymena
Ballymena () is a town in County Antrim, Northern Ireland and the seat of Ballymena Borough Council. Ballymena had a population of 28,717 people in the 2001 Census.
http://wn.com/Ballymena -
Banco Galliano
Banco Galliano was the oldest bank in the British overseas territory of Gibraltar.
http://wn.com/Banco_Galliano -
Bangor, Gwynedd
Bangor is a city in Gwynedd, north west Wales, and one of the smallest cities in Britain. It is a university city with a population of 13,725 at the 2001 census, not including around 10,000 students at Bangor University. Including nearby Menai Bridge on Anglesey, which does not however form part of the City of Bangor itself, the population is about 18,000. Although it is Wales's fourth largest city, this is somewhat misleading as it only ranks as 36th largest urban area in Wales. According to the census, 46.6% of the population speak Welsh.
http://wn.com/Bangor_Gwynedd -
Barajas Airport
http://wn.com/Barajas_Airport -
Bath, Somerset
Bath ( or ) is a city in the ceremonial county of Somerset in the south west of England. It is situated west of London and south-east of Bristol. The population of the city is 83,992. It was granted city status by Royal Charter by Queen Elizabeth I in 1590, and was made a county borough in 1889 which gave it administrative independence from its county, Somerset. The city became part of Avon when that county was created in 1974. Since 1996, when Avon was abolished, Bath has been the principal centre of the unitary authority of Bath and North East Somerset (B&NES;).
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Batroun
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Battle of Trafalgar
http://wn.com/Battle_of_Trafalgar -
Beirut
http://wn.com/Beirut -
Belarus
Belarus, ( ; , ), officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered clockwise by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital is Minsk; other major cities include Brest, Grodno (Hrodna), Gomel (Homiel), Mogilev (Mahilyow) and Vitebsk (Viciebsk). Forty percent of its is forested, and its strongest economic sectors are agriculture and manufacturing.
http://wn.com/Belarus -
Belfast
Belfast () is the capital of and the largest city in Northern Ireland. It is the seat of devolved government and legislative Northern Ireland Assembly. It is the largest urban area in Northern Ireland, the second-largest city in Ireland and the 15th-largest city in the United Kingdom. It is the main settlement in the province of Ulster. The city of Belfast has a population of 267,500 and lies at the heart of the Belfast urban area, which has a population of 483,418. The Belfast metropolitan area has a total population of 579,276. Belfast is also the 100th-largest urban zone in the EU. Belfast was granted city status in 1888.
http://wn.com/Belfast -
Belgium
Belgium (, ), officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, as well as those of several other major international organizations such as NATO. Belgium covers an area of , and it has a population of about 10.8 million people.
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Belgrade
http://wn.com/Belgrade -
Bengkulu
Bengkulu (also known as Southwest Sumatra) is a province of Indonesia. It is on the southwest coast of the island of Sumatra, and borders the provinces of West Sumatra, Jambi, South Sumatra and Lampung. The capital and largest city is Bengkulu city. It was formerly the site of a British garrison, which they called Bencoolen. The province also includes Enggano Island.
http://wn.com/Bengkulu -
Berlin
Berlin (; ) is the capital city of Germany and one of sixteen states of Germany. With a population of 3.4 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the eighth most populous urban area in the European Union. Located in northeastern Germany, it is the center of the Berlin-Brandenburg Metropolitan Area, comprising 5 million people from over 190 nations. Geographically embedded in the European Plains, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. Around one third of the city's territory is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers and lakes.
http://wn.com/Berlin -
Bermuda
Bermuda (; officially, the Bermudas or Somers Islands) is a British overseas territory in the North Atlantic Ocean. Located off the east coast of the United States, its nearest landmass is Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, about to the west-northwest. It is about south of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, and northeast of Miami, Florida. Its capital city is Hamilton but the largest municipality is the town of Saint George's.
http://wn.com/Bermuda -
Birmingham
Birmingham ( , locally ) is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands county of England. It is the most populous British city outside London with a population of 1,028,700 (2009 estimate), and lies at the heart of the West Midlands conurbation, the United Kingdom's second most populous Urban Area with a population of 2,284,093 (2001 census). Birmingham's metropolitan area, which includes surrounding towns to which it is closely tied through commuting, is also the United Kingdom's second most populous with a population of 3,683,000.
http://wn.com/Birmingham -
Bizerte
Bizerte or Bizerta (; transliterated: Banzart; Italian: Biserta) is a capital city of Bizerte Governorate in Tunisia. It has a population of 114,371 (2004 census).
http://wn.com/Bizerte -
Brades
Brades (or Brades Estate; approx. pop. 1,000) is a village and de facto capital of Montserrat since 1998. It is located in the Carr's Bay/Little Bay vicinity at the northwest end of Montserrat. The official capital Plymouth in the south of the island has been abandoned since 1997 due to the eruption of Soufriere Hills volcano, which buried Plymouth. Interim government buildings have since been built at Brades. Several names have been suggested for the new capital, which is now being constructed in the Little Bay area. They include Port Diana, in memory of Princess Diana , and St. Patrick's, to commemorate the March 17th uprising and to attract Irish-American tourists.
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Brighton and Hove
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Bristol
Bristol () is a city, unitary authority area and ceremonial county in South West England, with an estimated population of 433,100 for the unitary authority in 2009, and a surrounding Larger Urban Zone (LUZ) with an estimated 1,006,600 residents, it is England's sixth, and the United Kingdom's eighth most populous city, one of the group of English Core Cities and the most populous city in South West England.
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British Ceylon
British Ceylon refers to British rule prior to 1948 of the island territory now known as Sri Lanka.
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British Empire
The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom. It originated with the overseas colonies and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. At its height it was the largest empire in history and, for over a century, was the foremost global power. By 1922 the British Empire held sway over about 458 million people, one-quarter of the world's population at the time, and covered more than 13 million square miles (34 million km2), almost a quarter of the Earth's total land area. As a result, its political, linguistic and cultural legacy is widespread. At the peak of its power, it was often said that "the sun never sets on the British Empire" because its span across the globe ensured that the sun was always shining on at least one of its numerous territories.
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British Guiana
British Guiana was the name of the British colony on the northern coast of South America, now the independent nation of Guyana.
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British Hong Kong
British Hong Kong refers to Hong Kong as a Crown Colony and later, a British Dependent Territory under British administration from 1841 to 1997.
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Brussels
Brussels (, pronounced ; , pronounced ), officially the Brussels Region or Brussels-Capital Region (, Dutch: ), is the de facto capital city of the European Union (EU) and the largest urban area in Belgium. It comprises 19 municipalities, including the City of Brussels proper, which is the constitutional capital of Belgium, the seat of the French Community of Belgium and of the Flemish Community.
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Bucharest
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Budapest
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Bulgaria
Bulgaria ( , Balgariya, ), officially the Republic of Bulgaria (, Republika Balgariya, ), is a country in Southern Europe. Bulgaria borders five other countries: Romania to the north (mostly along the Danube), Serbia and the Republic of Macedonia to the west, and Greece and Turkey to the south. The Black Sea defines the extent of the country to the east.
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Cadiz
Cadiz ( , ) is a city and port in southwestern Spain. It is the capital of the Cadiz Province, one of eight which make up the autonomous community of Andalusia.
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Cagliari
Cagliari (, ) is the capital of the island of Sardinia, a region of Italy. Cagliari's Sardinian name Casteddu literally means castle. It has about 160,000 inhabitants, or about 400,000 including the outlying townships (metropolitan area): Elmas, Assemini, Capoterra, Selargius, Sestu, Monserrato, Quartucciu, Quartu Sant'Elena.
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Cambridge
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Cardiff
Cardiff (, {{lang-cy|) is the capital, largest city and most populous county of Wales. The city is Wales' chief commercial centre, the base for most national cultural and sporting institutions, the Welsh national media, and the seat of the National Assembly for Wales. According to recent estimates, the population of the unitary authority area is 324,800, while the wider metropolitan area has a population of nearly 1.1 million, more than a third of the total Welsh population. Cardiff is a significant tourism centre and the most popular visitor destination in Wales with 14.6 million visitors in 2009.
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Cartagena, Spain
Cartagena is a Mediterranean city and naval station located in the Region of Murcia, southeastern Spain. , it has a population of 211,996, making it the second largest city in the Region, the 6th among the non-province capitals of Spain, and the 24th overall.
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Carthage
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Catalan Bay
Catalan Bay () is a small bay and fishing village in Gibraltar, on the eastern side of The Rock away from the main city.
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Cayman Islands
The Cayman Islands ( or ) is a British Overseas Territory located in the western Caribbean Sea. The territory comprises the islands of Grand Cayman, Cayman Brac, and Little Cayman, located south of Cuba and northwest of Jamaica. It is considered a part of the geographic Western Caribbean Zone. The territory is a major offshore financial centre in the Caribbean.
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Chellah
Chellah, () or Sala Colonia is a necropolis and complex of ancient and medieval ruins that lie on Rabat, Morocco. This site is the most ancient human settlement on the mouth of the Bou Regreg River.
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Chester
Chester () is a city in Cheshire, England. Lying on the River Dee, close to the border with Wales, it is home to 77,040 inhabitants, and is the largest and most populous settlement of the wider unitary authority area of Cheshire West and Chester, which had a population of 328,100 according to the 2001 Census. Chester was granted city status in 1541.
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Chichester
Chichester () is a cathedral city in West Sussex, South-East England. It has a long history as a settlement; its Roman past and its subsequent importance in Anglo-Saxon times are only its beginnings. It is the seat of a bishopric, with a 12th century cathedral, and is home to some of the oldest churches and buildings in Great Britain.
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Chişinău
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Cirta
Cirta was the capital city of the Kingdom of Numidia in northern Africa in modern Algeria due to its strategic maritime positioning with its port city of Russicada. Although Numidia was a key ally of the ancient Roman Republic during the Punic Wars, Cirta was subject to Roman invasions during the first and second centuries B.C., eventually falling under Roman domain during the rule of Julius Caesar.
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City of Lancaster
The City of Lancaster (), is a local government district of Lancashire, England, with the status of a city and non-metropolitan district. It is named after its largest settlement, Lancaster, but covers a far larger area which includes the towns of Morecambe, Heysham, and Carnforth, as well as outlying villages and rural hinterland. The city has a population of 133,914, and an area of .
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City of Leeds
The City of Leeds is a local government district of West Yorkshire, England, governed by Leeds City Council, with the status of a city and metropolitan borough. The district includes Leeds and other smaller towns such as Guiseley, Morley, Rothwell, Otley, Pudsey and Wetherby. It has a population of () and is the second largest local government district in England by population; and the second largest metropolitan district by area.
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City of London
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City of San Marino
The City of San Marino, also known simply as San Marino, is the capital city of the Republic of San Marino on the Italian peninsula, near the Adriatic Sea. The city has a population of 4,493. It is on the western slopes of San Marino's highest point, Monte Titano.
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City of St Albans
The City of St Albans (), also known as the City and District of St Albans or District of St Albans, is a local government district, in Hertfordshire, England. It was created in 1974 and since then has held the status of non-metropolitan district and city. The local authority is St Albans City Council. It has routes to the M1 motorway via the A414 road (formerly the M10 motorway), and rail routes to London St Pancras and Watford via St Albans City railway station and St Albans Abbey railway station respectively.
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City of Westminster
The City of Westminster () is a London borough occupying much of the central area of London, England, including most of the West End. It is located to the west of and adjoining the ancient City of London, directly to the east of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea , and its southern boundary is the River Thames. It is an Inner London borough and was created in 1965 when Greater London was established. At its creation Westminster was awarded city status, which had been previously held by the smaller Metropolitan Borough of Westminster. Aside from a number of large parks and open spaces, the density of the district is high. Many sites thought of as being in London are actually in Westminster, including Buckingham Palace, the Houses of Parliament, and 10 Downing Street. The city is divided into a number of localities including the ancient political district of Westminster around the Palace of Westminster; the shopping areas around Oxford Street, Regent Street, Piccadilly and Bond Street; and the night time entertainment district of Soho. Much of the city is residential, and in 2008 it was estimated to have a population of 236,000. The local authority is Westminster City Council.
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City of Winchester
Winchester () is a local government district in Hampshire, England, with city status. It covers an area of central Hampshire including the city of Winchester itself, and neighbouring towns and villages including New Alresford, Colden Common and Bishops Waltham.
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Colombia
Colombia (), officially the Republic of Colombia (, ), is a constitutional republic in northwestern South America. Colombia is bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the northwest by Panama; and to the west by the Pacific Ocean. Colombia also shares maritime borders with Venezuela, Jamaica, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica. With a population of over 45 million people, Colombia has the 29th largest population in the world and the second largest in South America, after Brazil. Colombia has the fourth largest Spanish-speaking population in the world after Mexico, the United States, and Spain.
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Copenhagen
Copenhagen (, , , or ; or ) is the capital and largest city of Denmark, with an urban population of 1,181,239 (2010) and a metropolitan population of 1,894,521 (2010). Copenhagen is situated on the islands of Zealand and Amager. With around 2.7 million inhabitants within a 50 km radius, Copenhagen is one of the most densely populated areas in Northern Europe.
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Coventry
Coventry ( or ) is a city and metropolitan borough in the county of West Midlands in England. Coventry is the 9th largest city in England and the 11th largest in the United Kingdom. It is also the second largest city in the English Midlands, after Birmingham, with a population of 300,848, although Leicester and Nottingham have larger urban areas. The population of Coventry has risen to 309,800 as of 2008.
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Croatia
Croatia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Croatia (Croatian: Republika Hrvatska ), is a country in Central Europe and Southeastern Europe at the crossroads of the Pannonian Plain, the Balkans, and the Adriatic Sea. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. Croatia borders Slovenia to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the southeast, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the southeast.
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Crown Dependencies
The Crown Dependencies are British possessions of the Crown, as opposed to overseas territories of the United Kingdom. They comprise the Channel Island Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel, and the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea.
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Cuicul
http://wn.com/Cuicul -
Cyprus
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Czech Republic
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Córdoba, Spain
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Denmark
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Derby
Derby ( ), is a city and unitary authority in the East Midlands region of England. It lies upon the banks of the River Derwent and is located in the south of the ceremonial county of Derbyshire. In the 2001 census, the population of the city was 233,700, whilst that of the Derby Urban Area was 229,407. According to the 2001 census, Derby was at that time the 18th largest settlement in England, measured by urban area.
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Derry
Derry or Londonderry is the second-biggest city in Northern Ireland and the fourth-biggest city on the island of Ireland. The name Derry is an Anglicisation of the word Doire or Doire Cholmchille meaning "oak-wood of Colm Cille" , the original name of the city in Irish. In 1613, the city was granted a Royal Charter by King James I and the "London" prefix was added, changing the name of the city to Londonderry. While the city is more usually known as Derry, Londonderry is also used and remains the legal name.
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Diego Garcia
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Djémila
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Douglas, Isle of Man
Douglas () is the capital and largest town of the Isle of Man, with a population of 26,218 people (2006). It is located at the mouth of the River Douglas, and a sweeping bay of two miles. The River Douglas forms part of the town's harbour and main commercial port.
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Dublin
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Dundee
Dundee () (from the ) is the fourth-largest city in Scotland; fully named as Dundee City, it is one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas. It lies on the north bank of the Firth of Tay, which feeds into the North Sea.
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Durham
Durham (, locally ) is a city in the North East of England. It is within the County Durham local government district, and is the county town of the larger ceremonial county. It lies to the south of Newcastle Upon Tyne, Chester-le-Street and Sunderland and to the north of Darlington.
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Dutch Republic
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Edinburgh
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Egypt
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Ely, Cambridgeshire
Ely ( ) is a cathedral city in Cambridgeshire, England. It is 14 miles (23 km) north-northeast of Cambridge.
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Enfeh
Enfeh is a fishing town on the coast of North Lebanon, in El-Koura district (capital Amioun)
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England
England () is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the North Sea to the east, with the English Channel to the south separating it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
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Essaouira
Mogador redirects here, for the hamlet in Surrey see Mogador, Surrey.
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Europa Point
Europa Point, also called Great Europa Point, is the southernmost point of Gibraltar. At the end of the Rock of Gibraltar, the area is flat and occupied by such features as a playing field and a few buildings. On a clear day, views of North Africa can be appreciated across the Strait of Gibraltar including Ceuta and the Rif Mountains of Morocco; as well as the Bay of Gibraltar and the Spanish towns along its shores.
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European Parliament
The European Parliament (abbreviated as Europarl or the EP) is the directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union (EU). Together with the Council of the European Union (the Council), it forms the bicameral legislative branch of the EU and has been described as one of the most powerful legislatures in the world. The Parliament and Council form the highest legislative body within the EU. The Parliament is composed of 736 MEPs (Member of the European Parliament), who serve the second largest democratic electorate in the world (after India) and the largest trans-national democratic electorate in the world (375 million eligible voters in 2009).
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Exeter
Exeter () is a historic city in Devon, England. It lies within the ceremonial county of Devon, of which it is the county town as well as the home of the county council. Currently the administrative area has the status of a non-metropolitan district, and is therefore under the administration of the County Council. The city is on the River Exe, about northeast of Plymouth, and southwest of Bristol. According to the 2001 Census, its population in that year was 111,076.
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Falkland Islands
The Falkland Islands (; ) are an archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean, located approximately from the coast of mainland South America. The archipelago, consisting of East Falkland, West Falkland and 776 lesser islands, is a self-governing Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom. The capital, Stanley, is on East Falkland.
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Faroe Islands
The Faroe Islands (, ) are an island group situated between the Norwegian Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, approximately halfway between Great Britain and Iceland. The Faroe Islands are a constituent country of the Kingdom of Denmark, along with Denmark proper and Greenland.
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Federation of Malaya
The Federation of Malaya (), is the name given to a federation of 11 states that existed from 31 January 1948 until 16 September 1963. Comprising the nine Malay states and the British settlements of Penang and Malacca, it was eventually superseded by Malaysia.
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Finike
Finike (historically known as Phoenicus) is a district on the Mediterranean coast of Antalya Province of Turkey, 90 minutes west of the city of Antalya.
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Finland
Finland (pronounced ), officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden on the west, Norway on the north and Russia on the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.
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France
{{Infobox Country
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GCHQ
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Genoa
Genoa ( , ; in Genoese and Ligurian: Zena, ; in Latin and, archaically, in English: Genua) is a city and an important seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria. The city has a population of about 610,000 and the urban area has a population of about 900,000. Genoa's Metropolitan Area has a population of about 1,400,000. It is also called la Superba ("the Superb one") due to its glorious past. Part of the old city of Genoa was inscribed on the World Heritage List (UNESCO) in 2006 (see below). The city's rich art, music, gastronomy, architecture and history, made it 2004's EU Capital of culture.
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Geography of Belarus
Belarus, a landlocked, generally flat country (the average elevation is above sea level) without natural borders, occupies an area of , or slightly smaller than the United Kingdom or the state of Kansas. Its neighbors are Russia to the east and northeast, Latvia to the north, Lithuania to the northwest, Poland to the west, and Ukraine to the south.
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Geography of Cyprus
The geography of Cyprus entails the physical and human geography of Cyprus, an island country situated in the Eastern Basin of the Mediterranean Sea. The third largest island in the Mediterranean (after the Italian islands of Sicily and Sardinia) and the world's 81st largest, it is located south of the Anatolian peninsula (Asia Minor), or modern-day Turkey, of the Asian (or Eurasian) mainland. As such, it may be included in Western Asia or the Middle East: At a confluence of Western Asia, Southern Europe, and Northern Africa, Cyprus has had lengthy periods of mainly Greek and intermittent Anatolian, Levantine, Byzantine, and British influences. It is sometimes included in Europe, and has been a member of the European Union since 1 May 2004.
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Geography of France
France is a country located primarily in Western Europe, but containing territory in South America, the Caribbean, and east of Africa, as well as numerous territories of various status. In Europe France borders the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean. To the west is the Bay of Biscay, to the north is the English Channel.
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Geography of Italy
Italy is located in southern Europe and comprises the short, sandal-shaped Italian Peninsula, the land between the peninsula and the Alps, and a number of islands including Sicily and Sardinia. Corsica is often mistaken to be an Italian island but in fact has been a part of France since 1769. Its total area is , of which is land and .
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Geography of Latvia
Geographic coordinates:
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Geography of Malta
The geography of Malta is dominated by water. Malta is an archipelago of coralline limestone, located in the Mediterranean Sea, approximately 93 kilometres south of Sicily, Italy, and nearly 300 km north (Libia) and northeast (Tunisia) of Africa. Although Malta is situated in Europe, is located farther south than African Tunis, capital of Tunisia, Algiers, capital of Algeria, Tangier in Morocco and also Aleppo in Syria, Mosul in Iraq on the Middle East. Only the three largest islands – Malta, Gozo and Comino – are inhabited. Other (uninhabited) islands are: Cominotto, Filfla and the St.Paul's Islands. The country is approximately 316 km2 in area. Numerous bays along the indented coastline of the islands provide good harbours. The landscape of the islands is characterised by low hills with terraced fields. The highest point, at 253 metres, is the [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/579611/Ta-Zuta Ta' Zuta] on mainland Malta. The capital is Valletta.
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Geography of Moldova
Located in southeastern Europe, Moldova is bordered on the west by Romania and on the north, south, and east by Ukraine. Most of its territory lies between the area's two main rivers, the Dniester and the Prut. The Dniester forms a small part of Moldova's border with Ukraine in the northeast and southeast, but it mainly flows through the eastern part of the country, separating Bessarabia and Transnistria. The Prut River forms Moldova's entire western boundary with Romania. The Danube touches the Moldovan border at its southernmost tip, and forms the border for .
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Geography of Monaco
With a total area of a land border of and a coast measuring the Principality of Monaco is the second-smallest independent state in the world, after the Vatican City. It lies on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, east of Nice, France, and is surrounded on three sides by France and on the fourth by the sea into which its maritime claims extend to . Its highest point is above sea level, on the southern slopes of Mont Agel whose peak is in France. The country has no natural resources.
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Geography of Norway
Norway is a country located in Northern Europe on the western and northern part of the Scandinavian Peninsula, bordering the North Sea in southwest and the Skagerrak inlet to the south, the North Atlantic Ocean (Norwegian Sea) in the west and the Barents Sea to the northeast. Norway has a long land border with Sweden to the east, a shorter one with Finland in the northeast and a still shorter border with Russia in the far northeast.
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Geography of Romania
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Geography of Russia
The geography of Russia entails the physical and human geography of Russia, a country extending over much of northern Eurasia. Comprising much of eastern Europe and northern Asia, it is the world's largest country in total area. Due to its size, Russia displays both monotony and diversity. As with its topography, its climates, vegetation, and soils span vast distances. From north to south the East European Plain is clad sequentially in tundra, coniferous forest (taiga), mixed and broad-leaf forests, grassland (steppe), and semi-desert (fringing the Caspian Sea) as the changes in vegetation reflect the changes in climate. Siberia supports a similar sequence but is taiga. The country contains 40 UNESCO Biosphere reserves.
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Geography of Spain
Spain is located in southwestern Europe and comprises about 84 percent of the Iberian Peninsula. Its total area is of which is land and is water.
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Georgia (country)
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Germany
Germany (), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (, ), is a country in Western Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The territory of Germany covers 357.021 km2 and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state of the European Union, and home to the third-largest number of international migrants worldwide.
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Gibraltar
Gibraltar () is a British overseas territory located on the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula at the entrance of the Mediterranean, overlooking the Strait of Gibraltar. The territory itself is a peninsula of whose isthmus connects to the north with Spain. The Rock of Gibraltar is the major landmark of the area and gives its name to the densely populated town, home to almost 30,000 Gibraltarians.
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Gibraltar Chronicle
The Gibraltar Chronicle is a national newspaper published in Gibraltar since 1801. It became a daily in 1821. It is Gibraltar's oldest established daily newspaper and the world's second oldest English language newspaper to have been in print continuously. Its editorial offices are at Watergate House, and the print works are in the New Harbours industrial estate.
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Gibraltar Parliament
The Gibraltar Parliament is the legislature of the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. Between 1969 and 2006 it was called the Gibraltar House of Assembly.
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Glasgow
Glasgow ( (); (pronounced )) is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom. The city is situated on the River Clyde in the country's west central lowlands. A person from Glasgow is known as a Glaswegian, which is also the name of the local dialect.
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Gloucester
Gloucester ( ) is a city, district and county town of Gloucestershire in the South West region of England. Gloucester lies close to the Welsh border, and on the River Severn, approximately north-east of Bristol, and south-southwest of Birmingham.
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Goole
Goole is a town, civil parish and port located approximately inland on the confluence of the rivers Don and Ouse in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. The port is "highly versatile", and is capable of handling nearly 3 million tonnes of cargo per annum, making it one of the most important ports on the east coast of England.
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Gozo
Gozo () is a small island of the Maltese archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea. The island is part of the Southern European country of Malta; after the island of Malta itself, it is the second-largest island in the archipelago. Compared to its southeastern neighbour, Gozo is more rural and known for its scenic hills, which are featured on its coat of arms.
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Greece
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Grytviken
Grytviken (Swedish for "The Pot Cove") is the principal settlement in the British territory of South Georgia in the South Atlantic. It was so named by a 1902 Swedish surveyor who found old English try pots used to render seal oil at the site. It is the best harbour on the island, consisting of a bay (King Edward Cove) within a bay (Cumberland East Bay). The site is quite sheltered, provides a substantial area of flat land suitable for building on, and has a good supply of fresh water.
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Guelma
Guelma () is the capital of Guelma Province and Guelma District, located in north-eastern Algeria, at about 40 kilometers from the Mediterranean coast. It is home to the titular see of Calama.
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Guernsey
The Bailiwick of Guernsey ( ; , ) is a British Crown Dependency in the English Channel off the coast of Normandy.
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Hadrumetum
Hadrume(n)tum (sometimes called Adrametum or Adrametus) was a Phoenician colony that pre-dated Carthage and stood on the site of modern-day Sousse, Tunisia.
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Hamilton, Bermuda
Hamilton is the capital of the British Overseas Territory of Bermuda. It is the territory's financial centre and a major port and tourist destination.
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Helsinki
Helsinki (; , ) is the capital and largest city in Finland. It is in the southern part of Finland, in the region of Uusimaa/Nyland, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, by the Baltic Sea. The population of the city of Helsinki is (), making it the most populous municipality in Finland by a wide margin. Helsinki is located some east of Stockholm, Sweden, west of St. Petersburg, Russia and north of Tallinn, Estonia. Helsinki has close connections with these three cities.
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Hereford
Hereford () is a cathedral city, civil parish and county town of Herefordshire, England. It lies on the River Wye, approximately east of the border with Wales, southwest of Worcester, and northwest of Gloucester. With a population of 55,700 people, it is the largest settlement in the county.
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Hippo Regius
Hippo Regius is the ancient name of the modern city of Annaba, in Algeria. Under this name, it was a major city in Roman Africa, hosting several early Christian councils, and was the home of the philosopher and theologian Augustine of Hippo. In even earlier days, the city was a royal residence for Numidian kings.
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Honaine
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Huelva
Huelva is a city in southwestern Spain, the capital of the province of Huelva in the autonomous region of Andalusia. It is located along the Gulf of Cadiz coast, at the confluence of the Odiel and Tinto rivers. According to the 2008 census, the city has a population of 148,950 inhabitants. The city has been inhabited since 3000 BC. The town is home to Recreativo de Huelva, the oldest football club in Spain.
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Hungary
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Iberian Peninsula
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Iceland
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India
India (), officially the Republic of India ( ; see also official names of India), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.18 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Mainland India is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east; and it is bordered by Pakistan to the west; Bhutan, the People's Republic of China and Nepal to the north; and Bangladesh and Burma to the east. In the Indian Ocean, mainland India and the Lakshadweep Islands are in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives, while India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share maritime border with Thailand and the Indonesian island of Sumatra in the Andaman Sea. India has a coastline of .
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Inverness
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Irish Free State
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Isle of Man
The Isle of Man (; , ), otherwise known simply as Mann (, ), is a self-governing British Crown Dependency, located in the Irish Sea between the islands of Great Britain and Ireland, within the British Isles. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, who holds the title of Lord of Mann. The Lord of Mann is represented by a Lieutenant Governor. The island is not part of the United Kingdom, but its foreign relations and defence are the responsibility of the UK Government. Although it does not usually interfere in the island's domestic matters, its "good government" is the ultimate responsibility of the Crown (i.e., in practice, the Government of the United Kingdom).
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Israel
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Italy
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Jersey
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Kazakhstan
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Kelibia
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Kerkouane
Kerkouane (; occasionally Kerkuane) is a Punic city in northeastern Tunisia, near Cape Bon. This Phoenician city was probably abandoned during the First Punic War (c. 250 B.C.), and as a result was not rebuilt by the Romans. It had existed for almost 400 years.
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Kingdom of England
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Kingston upon Hull
Kingston upon Hull ( usually referred to as Hull, is a city and unitary authority area in the ceremonial county of the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It stands on the River Hull at its junction with the Humber estuary, 25 miles (40 km) inland from the North Sea. Hull has a resident population of ().
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Kiribati
Kiribati ( ; ), officially the Republic of Kiribati, is an island nation located in the central tropical Pacific Ocean. It is composed of 32 atolls and one raised coral island, dispersed over 3.5 million square kilometres, (1,351,000 square miles) straddling the equator, and bordering the International Date Line at its easternmost point.
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Kosovo
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Larnaca
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Latvia
Latvia (; ), officially the Republic of Latvia () is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Estonia (343 km), to the south by Lithuania (588 km), to the east by the Russian Federation (276 km), and to the southeast by Belarus (141 km). Across the Baltic Sea to the west lies Sweden. The territory of Latvia covers and it has a temperate seasonal climate.
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Lebanon
Lebanon ( or ; ; ), officially the Republic of Lebanon (Arabic: ; French: ), is a country on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It is bordered by Syria to the north and east, and Israel to the south. Lebanon's location at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian hinterland has dictated its rich history, and shaped a cultural identity of religious and ethnic diversity.
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Leicester
Leicester (, ) is a city and unitary authority area in the East Midlands area of England. It is also the county town of Leicestershire. The city lies on the River Soar and at the edge of the National Forest. In 2006, the population of the Leicester unitary authority was estimated at 289,700, the largest in the East Midlands, whilst 441,213 people lived in the wider Leicester Urban Area. Eurostat's Larger Urban Zone listed the population of the area at 772,400 people as of 2004. Leicester is the 10th most populous settlement in the United Kingdom using the 2001 census definitions and the urban area is the fifteenth largest conurbation in the UK, the second largest in the region behind the Nottingham Urban Area.
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Leptis Magna
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Leptis Parva
Leptis Parva (also Leptis Minor, Lesser Leptis or Little Leptis; not to be confused with Leptis Magna in Tripolitania) was an ancient city on the eastern coast of Tunisia by the Gulf of Hammamet in proximity to the modern city of Monastir. It was founded as a Phoenician colony in the 8th century BCE, around the time Carthage was founded, and was a commercial city. It was a prominent city during the Phoenician period, but became a less important city during the Punic rule of the region, c. 600BCE to 146BCE. It was incorporated into the Roman Republic with the destruction of Carthage in 146BCE, but gained more autonomy than it had during Punic Era. Julius Caesar used it as his base of operations in 46BCE during his winter campaign against supporters for Pompey led by Titus Labienus. It remained an important city even during the Byzantine Period and was one of the most important cities in North Africa. It suffered the same fate that the other great cities, including Leptis Magna and Carthage, suffered at the hands of invading Arabs, who virtually destroyed the city in the 7th century CE. It was abandoned, never to be settled again.
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Libya
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Liechtenstein
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Lincoln, England
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Lisburn
Lisburn () is the second-largest city in Northern Ireland and the fifth-largest on the island of Ireland, though will be over taken by Tallaght when the west Dublin suburb is awarded city status as proposed. It is situated south-west of Belfast on the River Lagan, which lies as the boundary between County Antrim and County Down. Lisburn forms part of the Belfast metropolitan area. It had a population of 71,465 people in the 2001 Census.
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Lithuania
Lithuania (, U.S. usually ; ), officially the Republic of Lithuania () is a country in Northern Europe, the southernmost of the three Baltic states. Situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, it shares borders with Latvia to the north, Belarus to the southeast, Poland, and the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad to the southwest.
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Liverpool
Liverpool () is a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England, along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary. It was founded as a borough in 1207 and was granted city status in 1880. Liverpool is the fourth largest city in the United Kingdom (third largest in England) and has a population of 435,500, and lies at the centre of the wider Liverpool Urban Area, which has a population of 816,216.
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Lixus (ancient city)
Lixus is the site of an ancient city located in Morocco just north of the modern seaport of Larache on the bank of the Loukkos River. The location was one of the main cities of the Roman province Mauretania Tingitana.
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Ljubljana
Ljubljana (; , , ) is the capital of Slovenia and its largest city. It is the centre of the City Municipality of Ljubljana. It is located in the centre of the country in the Ljubljana Basin, and is a mid-sized city of some 280,000 inhabitants. Throughout its history, it has been influenced by its geographic position at the crossroads of Germanic, Latin and Slavic cultures.
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London
London () is the capital of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who called it Londinium. London's core, the ancient City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
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London Luton Airport
London Luton Airport (previously called Luton International Airport) is an international airport located east of the town centre in the Borough of Luton in Bedfordshire, England and is north of Central London. The airport is from Junction 10a of the M1 motorway. It is the fourth largest airport serving the London area after Heathrow, Gatwick and Stansted, and is one of London's five international airports along with London City Airport.
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Longyearbyen
Longyearbyen is the largest settlement and the administrative centre of Svalbard. It is located on the western coast of Spitsbergen, the largest island of the Svalbard archipelago, on the southern side on Adventfjorden (English: the Advent fjord), which continues inland with Adventdalen (English: the Advent valley). The Governor of Svalbard and his administration reside in Longyearbyen.
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Luxembourg
Luxembourg ( ), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (, , ), is a landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. Luxembourg has a population of over half a million people in an area of approximately 2,586 square kilometres (999 sq mi).
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Luxembourg (city)
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Madrid
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Malayan Union
The Malayan Union was a federation of the Malay states and the Straits Settlements including Singapore. It was the successor to British Malaya and was conceived to unify the Malay Peninsula under a single government so as to simplify administration.
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Malta
Malta , officially the Republic of Malta (), is a southern European country and consists of an archipelago situated centrally in the Mediterranean, 93 km south of Sicily and 288 km east of Tunisia, with the Strait of Gibraltar 1,826 km to the west and Alexandria 1,510 km to the east.
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Manchester
Manchester () is a city and metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England. In 2009, the population of the city was estimated to be 483,800, making it the seventh-most populous local authority district in England. Manchester lies within one of the UK's largest metropolitan areas; the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester had an estimated population of 2,600,100, the Greater Manchester Urban Area a population of 2,240,230, and the Larger Urban Zone around Manchester, the second-most-populous in the UK, had an estimated population in the 2004 Urban Audit of 2,539,100. The demonym of Manchester is Mancunian.
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Manchester Airport
Manchester Airport is a major airport located at Ringway in the City of Manchester within Greater Manchester, UK, and is the busiest airport in the country outside the London region making it the 4th busiest airport in the United Kingdom in terms of passenger numbers, 3rd in terms of total aircraft movements and overall the 17th busiest airport in Europe as of 2009.
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Mariehamn
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Marsala
Marsala is a seaport city located in the Province of Trapani on the island of Sicily in Italy. The low coast on which it is situated is the westernmost point of the island. It is best known as the source of Marsala wine.
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Mauritania
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Mauritius
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Melilla
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Middle Atlas
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Minsk
Minsk (, ; , ) is the capital and largest city in Belarus, situated on the Svislach and Niamiha rivers. Minsk is also a headquarters of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). As the national capital, Minsk has a special administrative status in Belarus and is also the administrative centre of Minsk voblast (province) and Minsk raion (district). It has a population of 1,837,000 inhabitants (2009).
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Moldova
Moldova , officially the Republic of Moldova (Moldovan/) is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east and south. It declared itself an independent state with the same boundaries as the preceding Moldovan SSR in 1991, as part of the dissolution of the Soviet Union. A strip of Moldova's internationally recognized territory on the east bank of the river Dniester has been under the de facto control of the breakaway government of Transnistria since 1990.
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Monaco
http://wn.com/Monaco -
Montenegro
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Montserrat
Montserrat () is a British overseas territory located in the Leeward Islands, part of the chain of islands called the Lesser Antilles in the Caribbean Sea. It measures approximately 16 km (10 miles) long and 11 km (7 miles) wide, giving of coastline. Christopher Columbus gave Montserrat its name on his second voyage to the New World in 1493, after Montserrat mountain located in Catalonia. Montserrat is nicknamed the Emerald Isle of the Caribbean, both for its resemblance to coastal Ireland and for the Irish descent of its inhabitants.
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Morocco
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Moscow
Moscow ( or ; ; see also ) is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the world, a global city. Moscow is the most populous city on the continent of Europe and the seventh largest city proper in the world, a megacity. The population of Moscow (as of 1 January 2010) is 10,563,038.
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Mosquito Coast
The Caribbean Mosquito Coast (or Miskito Coast) historically consisted of an area along the Atlantic coast of present-day Nicaragua and Honduras. It was named after the local Miskito Indians and long dominated by British interests. The Mosquito Coast was incorporated into Nicaragua in 1894; however, in 1960 the northern part was granted to Honduras by the International Court of Justice.
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Motya
Motya (Greek: ; Italian: Mozia ot Mothia; Sicilian: Mozzia), was an ancient and powerful city on an island off the west coast of Sicily, between Drepanum (modern Trapani) and Lilybaeum (modern Marsala). The eponymous (in ancient times) island renamed San Pantaleo in the 11th century by Basilian monks is situated in a lagoon on the most western part of Sicily (nearly 850 meters long and 750 meters wide) about one km (six stadia) from the mainland of Sicily, to which it was joined by an artificial causeway (paved road), by which chariots with large wheels could reach the town.
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MV Fedra
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MV New Flame
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Myriandrus
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Málaga Airport
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Netherlands
{{Infobox country
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New Hebrides
New Hebrides was the colonial name for an island group in the South Pacific that now forms the nation of Vanuatu. The New Hebrides were colonized by both the British and French in the 18th century shortly after Captain James Cook visited the islands. The two countries eventually signed an agreement making the islands an Anglo-French condominium, which lasted from 1906 until 1980, when the New Hebrides gained their independence as Vanuatu.
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Newcastle upon Tyne
Newcastle upon Tyne (locally ) (often shortened to Newcastle) is a city and metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, in North East England. Situated on the north bank of the River Tyne, the city developed in the area that was the location of the Roman settlement called Pons Aelius, though it owes its name to the castle built in 1080, by Robert II, Duke of Normandy, the eldest son of William the Conqueror. The city grew as an important centre for the wool trade and it later became a major coal mining area. The port developed in the 16th century and, along with the shipyards lower down the river, was amongst the world's largest shipbuilding and ship-repairing centres. These industries have since experienced severe decline and closure, and the city today is largely a business and cultural centre, with a particular reputation for nightlife.
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Newport
Newport () is a city and unitary authority area in Wales. Standing on the banks of the River Usk, it is located about east of Cardiff and is the largest urban area within the historic county boundaries of Monmouthshire and the preserved county of Gwent. The City of Newport, which includes rural areas as well as the built up area, is governed by the unitary Newport City Council, and has a population of 140,200, making it the seventh most populous unitary authority in Wales.
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Newry
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Nicosia
: For the Italian town, see: Nicosia, Sicily. Also see: Nicosia (disambiguation).
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Nora, Italy
Nora is an ancient Roman and pre-Roman town placed on a peninsula near Pula, near to Cagliari in Sardinia. According with the legend , Nora was founded by a group of Iberians led by Norax , a mythological hero son of Eriteide and the god Hermes. It is believed to be the first town founded in Sardinia and to have been settled by the ancient Sherden or the Nuraghi people, however after colonization by Phoenicians and a period of domination by Carthage the town came under Roman control after the conquest of Sardinia in 238 BC. It went into decline from the 4th century AD and appears to have been abandoned during the 8th century.
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North Borneo
North Borneo was a British protectorate under the sovereign North Borneo Chartered Company from 1882 to 1946. After the war it became a crown colony of the United Kingdom from 1946 to 1963, known in this time as British North Borneo. It is located on the northeastern end of the island of Borneo. It is now the state of Sabah, East Malaysia. The last Governor of North Borneo was William Allmond Codrington Goode who held office from 1959 to 1963.
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North Nicosia
North Nicosia, known locally as Lefkosia (), is the capital and largest city of Northern Cyprus. It is located at . Located on the River Pedieos and situated almost in the center of the island, it is the seat of government as well as the main business center. (North) Nicosia is the capital of the Northern Cyprus.
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Northern Cyprus
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Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland (, Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is one of the four countries of the United Kingdom. Situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, it shares a border with the Republic of Ireland to the south and west. At the time of the 2001 UK Census, its population was 1,685,000, constituting about 30% of the island's total population and about 3% of the population of the United Kingdom.
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Northern Rhodesia
Northern Rhodesia was a territory in south central Africa, formed in 1911. It became independent in 1964 as Zambia.
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Norway
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Norwich
Norwich ( or ) is a city in England. It is the regional administrative centre and county town of Norfolk. During the 11th century, Norwich was the second largest city in England, after London, and one of the most important places in the kingdom.
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Nottingham
Nottingham () is a city and unitary authority area in the East Midlands region of the United Kingdom. It is located in the ceremonial county of Nottinghamshire, and is one of eight members of the English Core Cities Group. Whilst the City of Nottingham has a historically tightly drawn boundary which accounts for its relatively small population of 288,700, the wider Nottingham Urban Area has a population of 667,000 and is the seventh-largest urban area in the United Kingdom, ranking between those of Liverpool and Sheffield.
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Olbia
Olbia ( or locally ; Sardinian name: Terranoa, Gallurese: Tarranoa), is a town and comune of approximately 54,000 (2009) inhabitants in northeastern Sardinia (Italy), in the Gallura sub-region. Called Olbia in the Roman age, Civita in the Middle Ages (Giudicati period) and Terranova Pausania before the 1940s, Olbia was again the official name of the town after the period of Fascism.
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Operation Flavius
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Oregon Country
The Oregon Country was a predominantly American term referring to a disputed ownership region of the Pacific Northwest of North America. The region was occupied by British and French Canadian fur traders from before 1810, and American settlers from the mid-1830s, with its coastal areas north from the Columbia River frequented by ships from all nations engaged in the maritime fur trade, most of these from the 1790s through 1810s being Boston-based. The Oregon Treaty of 1846 ended disputed joint occupancy pursuant to the Treaty of 1818 and established the British-American boundary at the 49th parallel.
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Oslo
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Oxford
Oxford () is a city, and the county town of Oxfordshire, in South East England. The city, made prominent by its medieval university, has a population of just under 165,000, with 151,000 living within the district boundary. The rivers Cherwell and Thames run through Oxford and meet south of the city centre. For a distance of some along the river, in the vicinity of Oxford, the Thames is known as The Isis.
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Palermo
Palermo (, Sicilian: Palermu, , from , Panormos, , Balharm) is a historic city in Southern Italy, the capital of both the autonomous region of Sicily and the Province of Palermo. The city is noted for its rich history, culture, architecture and gastronomy, playing an important role throughout much of its existence; it is over 2,700 years old. Palermo is located in the northwest of the island of Sicily, right by the Gulf of Palermo in the Tyrrhenian Sea.
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Panorama (Gibraltar)
Panorama is a newspaper published in Gibraltar since December 1975. It was first published as a weekly and became a daily in 2002.
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Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea ( , also or ; Tok Pisin: Papua Niugini) (PNG), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania, occupying the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and numerous offshore islands (the western portion of the island is a part of the Indonesian provinces of Papua and West Papua). It is located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, in a region defined since the early 19th century as Melanesia. The capital is Port Moresby.
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Perth, Scotland
Perth () is a town and former city and royal burgh in central Scotland. Sitting on the banks of the River Tay, it is the administrative centre of Perth and Kinross council area and the historic county town of Perthshire. According to an estimate taken in 2008, Perth has a population of 44,820.
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Peterborough
Peterborough ( or ) is a cathedral city and unitary authority area in the East of England, with an estimated population of as of June 2007. For ceremonial purposes it is in the county of Cambridgeshire. The Town Hall is north of Charing Cross, London. The city stands athwart the River Nene, which flows into the North Sea approximately to the north-east, and the East Coast Main Line railway.
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Phoenicia
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Pillars of Hercules
The Pillars of Hercules (, , ) was the phrase that was applied in Antiquity to the promontories that flank the entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar. The northern Pillar is the Rock of Gibraltar in the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. A corresponding North African peak not being predominant, the identity of the southern Pillar has been disputed through history, with the two most likely candidates being Monte Hacho in Ceuta and Jebel Musa in Morocco.
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Pitcairn Islands
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Plymouth
Plymouth () is a city and unitary authority area on the coast of Devon, England, about south-west of London. It is built between the mouths of the rivers Plym to the east and Tamar to the west, where they join Plymouth Sound. Since 1967 the City of Plymouth has included the suburbs of Plympton and Plymstock, which are on the east side of the River Plym.
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Plymouth, Montserrat
Plymouth was the capital as well as the only port of entry to Montserrat, an overseas territory of the United Kingdom located in the Caribbean Sea.
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Poland
Poland (), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north. The total area of Poland is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. Poland has a population of over 38 million people, which makes it the 34th most populous country in the world and the sixth most populous member of the European Union, being its most populous Slavic member.
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Portsmouth
Portsmouth () is a city located in the ceremonial county of Hampshire on the south coast of England. Portsmouth is the United Kingdom's only island city, being mainly located on Portsea Island. The City of Portsmouth and Portsmouth Football Club are both nicknamed Pompey. As a significant naval port for centuries, Portsmouth is home to the world's oldest dry dock still in use and also home to some famous ships, including HMS Warrior and Lord Nelson's flagship HMS Victory. Although smaller than in its heyday, the naval base remains a major dockyard and base for the Royal Navy and Royal Marine Commandos whose Headquarters resides there. There is also a thriving commercial ferryport serving destinations on the continent for freight and passenger traffic. The nickname Pompey is thought to have derived from shipping entering Portsmouth harbour making an entry in their logs as Pom. P. in reference to Portsmouth Point. Navigational charts also use this abbreviation.
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Portugal
Portugal (, ), officially the Portuguese Republic (; ), is a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east. The Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira are also part of Portugal.
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Prague
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Pristina
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Province of Cádiz
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RAF Gibraltar
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Republic of Ireland
Ireland (, , , ), described as the Republic of Ireland (), is a state in northwest Europe with a population of almost 4.5 million people. It is a parliamentary democratic constitutional republic occupying approximately five-sixths of the island of Ireland, which was partitioned into two jurisdictions in 1921. It is bordered to the northeast by Northern Ireland, which is a part of the United Kingdom, and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the Irish Sea to the east, St George's Channel to the southeast, and the Celtic Sea to the south.
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Reykjavík
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Riga
Riga (, ) is the capital and largest city of Latvia, a major industrial, commercial, cultural and financial centre of the Baltics, and an important seaport, situated on the mouth of the Daugava. With 706,413 inhabitants (2010) it is the largest city of the Baltic states and third-largest in the Baltic region, behind Saint Petersburg and Stockholm (counting residents within the city limits). Riga's territory covers and lies between above sea level, on a flat and sandy plain.
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Ripon
Ripon is a cathedral city, market town and successor parish in the Borough of Harrogate, North Yorkshire, England, located at the confluence of two streams of the River Ure in the form of the Laver and Skell. The city is noted for its main feature the Ripon Cathedral which is architecturally significant, as well as the Ripon Racecourse and other features such as its market. The city itself is just over 1,300 years old. It is one of only two cities in North Yorkshire, the other being York.
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Road Town
Road Town, located on Tortola, is the capital of the British Virgin Islands. It is situated on the horseshoe-shaped Road Harbour in the centre of the island's south coast. The town's population was about 9,400 in 2004.
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Rockall
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Romania
Romania ( ; dated: Rumania; ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, north of the Balkan Peninsula, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea. Romania shares a border with Hungary and Serbia to the west, Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova to the northeast, and Bulgaria to the south.
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Rome
Rome (; , ; ) is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . In 2006 the population of the metropolitan area was estimated by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development to have a population of 3.7 million.
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Rothera
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Rupert's Land
'''Rupert's Land''', also sometimes called "Prince Rupert's Land", was a territory in British North America, consisting of the Hudson Bay drainage basin, that was nominally owned by the Hudson's Bay Company for 200 years from 1670 to 1870, although numerous aboriginal groups lived in the same territory and disputed the sovereignty of the area. The area once known as Rupert's Land is now mainly a part of Canada, but a small portion is now in the United States of America. It was named after Prince Rupert of the Rhine, a nephew of Charles I and the first Governor of the Hudson's Bay Company.
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Russia
Russia (; ), also officially known as the Russian Federation (), is a state in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, the People's Republic of China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It also has maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the United States by the Bering Strait. At , Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than a ninth of the Earth's land area. Russia is also the ninth most populous nation with 142 million people. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning 9 time zones and incorporating a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources. It has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's fresh water.
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Sabratha
Sabratha, Sabratah or Siburata (), in the Az Zawiyah District in the northwestern corner of modern Libya, was the westernmost of the "three cities" of Tripolis. From 2001 to 2007 it was the capital of the former Sabratha Wa Surman District. It lies on the Mediterranean coast about 65km (40 miles) west of Tripoli (ancient Oea). The extant archaeological site was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1982.
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Safita
Safita (, ) is a city in northwestern Syria, located to the southeast of Tartous and to the northwest of Krak des Chevaliers. The city has a population of 33,000. It's situated atop three hills and the valleys between them, in the Syrian Coastal Mountain Range. Safita grew prominent during the Crusades, and was inhabited by the Knights Templar of the castle Chastel Blanc, while a part of the County of Tripoli.
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Saint Helena
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Saint Helier
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Saint Peter Port
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Salisbury
Salisbury ( , or locally ) is a cathedral city in Wiltshire, England. It has also been called New Sarum to distinguish it from the original site of settlement to the north of the city at Old Sarum, but this alternative name is not in common use.
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San Marino
San Marino, officially the Most Serene Republic of San Marino ( ; ), is a country situated on the eastern side of the Apennine Mountains. It is an enclave, in Italy. Its size is just over with an estimated population of almost 30,000. Its capital is the City of San Marino. One of the European microstates, along with Liechtenstein, the Vatican, Monaco, Andorra, and Malta, San Marino has the smallest population of all the members of the Council of Europe.
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Sandy Bay, Gibraltar
Sandy Bay is a small bay on the eastern Mediterranean coast of Gibraltar, on the opposite side of The Rock from the main city. It is situated to the south of Catalan Bay and is accessible via Sir Herbert Miles Road.
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Sant'Antioco
'''Sant'Antioco' is the name of both an island and a municipality (comune'') in southwestern Sardinia, in the Province of Carbonia-Iglesias, in Sulcis zone. With a population of 11,730, the municipality of Sant'Antioco it is the island's largest community. It is also the site of ancient Sulci, considered the second city of Sardinia in antiquity.
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Sarajevo
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Sark
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Saudi Arabia
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Scotland
Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the southwest. In addition to the mainland, Scotland includes over 790 islands including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.
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Serbia
Serbia (pronounced: ), officially the Republic of Serbia (), is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central- and Southeastern Europe, covering the southern lowlands of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans. Serbia borders Hungary to the north; Romania and Bulgaria to the east; the Republic of Macedonia to the south; and Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro to the west; its border with Albania is disputed. Serbia's capital city, Belgrade, is among the most populous in Southeastern Europe.
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Seville
Seville ( ; see also ) is the artistic, cultural, and financial capital of southern Spain. It is the capital of the autonomous community of Andalusia and of the province of Seville. It is situated on the plain of the River Guadalquivir, with an average elevation of above sea level. The inhabitants of the city are known as sevillanos (feminine form: sevillanas) or hispalenses, following the Roman name of the city, Hispalis. The population of the city of Seville was 703,206 as of 2009 (INE), ranking as the fourth largest city of Spain. The population of the metropolitan area (urban area plus satellite towns) was 1,493,416 as of 2009 (INE estimate).
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Seychelles
Seychelles ( ; French: ), officially the Republic of Seychelles (; Creole: Repiblik Sesel), is an island country spanning an archipelago of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean, some east of mainland Africa, northeast of the island of Madagascar.
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Sheffield
Sheffield () is a city and metropolitan borough of South Yorkshire, England. Its name derives from the River Sheaf, which runs through the city. Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, the city has grown from its largely industrial roots to encompass a wider economic base. The population of the City of Sheffield is () and it is one of the eight largest regional English cities that make up the English Core Cities Group.
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Sidon
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Sitifis
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Skopje
Skopje (, ) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Macedonia with about a third of the total population. It is the country's political, cultural, economic, and academic centre. It was known in the Roman period under the name Scupi.
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Slovakia
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Slovenia
Slovenia ( ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (, ), is a country in Central Europe touching the Alps and bordering the Mediterranean. Slovenia borders Italy on the west, the Adriatic Sea on the southwest, Croatia on the south and east, Hungary on the northeast, and Austria on the north. The capital and largest city of Slovenia is Ljubljana.
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Sofia
Sofia (, ) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria and the 47th largest city by population in the European Union, with 1.4 million people living in the Capital Municipality. It is located in western Bulgaria, at the foot of Mount Vitosha, and is the administrative, cultural, economic, and educational centre of the country.
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Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands ) is a sovereign state in Oceania, east of Papua New Guinea, consisting of nearly one thousand islands. It covers a land mass of 28,400 square kilometres (10,965 sq mi). The capital, Honiara, is located on the island of Guadalcanal. The nation of the Solomon Islands is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.
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Soluntum
::"Solus" redirects here. For the CrossGen comic book, see Solus (comics).
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South Ossetia
South Ossetia ( or ; , Khussar Iryston; , Samxret Oseti; , Yuzhnaya Osetiya) or Tskhinvali Region (, Tsxinvalis regioni; , Tskhinvalskiy region) is a disputed region and partly recognized state in the South Caucasus, located in the territory of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast within the former Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic.
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Southampton
Southampton () is the largest city in the county of Hampshire on the south coast of England, and is situated south-west of London and north-west of Portsmouth. Southampton is a major port and the closest city to the New Forest. It lies at the northernmost point of Southampton Water at the confluence of the River Test and River Itchen, with the River Hamble joining to the south of the urban area. The local authority is Southampton City Council, which is a unitary authority.
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Southern Rhodesia
Southern Rhodesia was the name of the British colony situated north of the Limpopo River and the Union of South Africa. Since its independence and the institution of a majority African government, the area has been re-named Zimbabwe.
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Spain
Spain ( ; , ), officially the Kingdom of Spain (), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
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Stepanakert
Stepanakert (), called Khankendi () by Azerbaijan, is the largest city and capital of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, a de facto independent republic, though is internationally recognized as a part of Azerbaijan. The city population comprises about 53,000 ethnic Armenians.
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Stirling
Stirling (Gaelic: Sruighlea , Scots: Stirlin) is a city and former ancient burgh in Scotland, and is at the heart of the wider Stirling council area. The city is clustered around a large fortress and medieval old-town beside the River Forth. Historically it was strategically important as the "Gateway to the Highlands", with its position near the boundary between the Scottish Lowlands and Highlands, and its crossing of the Forth, the nearest to the river mouth.
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Stockholm
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Strait of Gibraltar
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Straits Settlements
The Straits Settlements were a group of British territories located in Southeast Asia.
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Suez Canal
The Suez Canal is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. Opened in November 1869, it allows water transportation between Europe and Asia without navigating around Africa. The northern terminus is Port Said and the southern terminus is Port Tawfik at the city of Suez. Ismailia lies on its west bank, north of the half-way point.
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Sukhumi
Sukhumi (, Aqwa; , Sokhumi; , Sukhum or Sukhumi) is the capital of Abkhazia, a disputed region on the Black Sea coast. The city suffered heavily during the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict in the early 1990s.
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Sultanate of Egypt
The Sultanate of Egypt () is the name of the short-lived protectorate that the United Kingdom imposed over Egypt between 1914 and 1922.
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Sultanate of Sulu
:For the province, see Sulu Province.
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Svalbard
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Swansea
Swansea ( , , "mouth of the Tawe") is a coastal city and county in Wales, United Kingdom. Swansea is in the historic county boundaries of Glamorgan. Situated on the sandy South West Wales coast, the county area includes the Gower Peninsula and the Lliw uplands. Swansea is the second most populous city in Wales after Cardiff and the third most populous county in Wales after Cardiff and Rhondda Cynon Taf. During its 19th century industrial heyday, Swansea was one of the key centres of the world copper industry, earning the nickname 'Copperopolis'.
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Sweden
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Switzerland
Switzerland (, , , ), officially the Swiss Confederation (Confoederatio Helvetica in Latin, hence its ISO country codes CH and CHE), is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe where it is bordered by Germany to the north, France to the west, Italy to the south, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east.
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Syria
Syria ( ; ' or '), officially the Syrian Arab Republic (), is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest.
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Tallinn
Tallinn is the capital and largest city of Estonia. It occupies an area of with a population of 411,196. It is situated on the northern coast of the country, on the banks of the Gulf of Finland, south of Helsinki, west of Saint Petersburg.
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Tangier
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Tbilisi
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Thapsus
Thapsus (less commonly, Tapsus) was an ancient city in what is modern day Tunisia. Its ruins exist at Ras Dimas near Bekalta, approximately 200 km southeast of Carthage. Originally founded by Phoenicians, it served as a marketplace on the coast of the province Byzacena in Africa Propria. Thapsus was established near a salt lake on a point of land eighty stadia (14.8 km) from the island of Lampedusa.
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Tharros
:For the ancient city in Crete, see Tarra, Crete.
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The Valley, Anguilla
The Valley is the capital of Anguilla and the main "town" on the island. , it has a population of 1,169.
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Thyna
Thyna is a town and commune in the Sfax Governorate, Tunisia. As of 2004 it had a population of 26,635.
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Timgad
Timgad (, called Thamugas or Thamugadi) was a Roman colonial town in North Africa founded by the Emperor Trajan around 100 A.D. The full name of the town was Colonia Marciana Ulpia Traiana Thamugadi. Trajan commemorated the city after his mother Marcia, father Marcus Ulpius Traianus and his eldest sister Ulpia Marciana. The ruins are noteworthy for representing one of the best extant examples of the grid plan as used in Roman city planning.
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Tipaza
Tipaza (formerly Tefessedt, Chenoua: Bazar, ) is a town on the coast of Algeria, capital of the Tipaza province. The modern town, founded in 1857, is remarkable chiefly for its sandy beach, and Roman ruins.
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Tirana
Tirana (, ) is the capital and the largest city of Albania. Modern Tirana was founded as an Ottoman town in 1614 by Sulejman Bargjini, a local ruler from Mullet, although the area has been continuously inhabited since antiquity. Tirana became Albania's capital city in 1920 and now it has a population of more than 600,000. The city is home to many universities and is the center of the political, economical, and cultural life of the country.
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Tiraspol
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Tower of London
'''Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress, more commonly known as the Tower of London''', is a historic castle on the north bank of the River Thames in central London, England. It lies within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, separated from the eastern edge of the City of London by the open space known as Tower Hill. It was founded towards the end of 1066 as part of the Norman Conquest of England. The White Tower, which gives the entire castle its name, was built by William the Conqueror in 1078, and was a resented symbol of oppression, inflicted upon London by the new ruling elite. The castle was used as a prison since at least 1100, although that was not its primary purpose. A grand palace early in its history, it served as a royal residence. As a whole, the Tower is a complex of several buildings set within two concentric rings of defensive walls and a moat. There were several phases of expansion, mainly under Kings Richard the Lionheart, Henry III, and Edward I in the 12th and 13th centuries. The general layout established by the late 13th century remains despite later activity on the site.
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Transnistria
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Transvaal Colony
The Transvaal (Afrikaans, lit. beyond the Vaal River) is the name of an area of northern South Africa. Originally the bulk of the independent Boer South African Republic, which had existed since 1856, despite two previous attempts by the British of varying success to establish supremacy; after the Anglo-Boer War of 1899-1902 it became the Transvaal Colony, and eventually one of the founding provinces of the Union of South Africa.
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Tripoli
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Tripoli, Lebanon
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Tristan da Cunha
Tristan da Cunha () is a remote volcanic group of islands in the south Atlantic Ocean, and also the name of the main island of that group. It is the most remote inhabited archipelago in the world, lying from the nearest land, South Africa, and from South America. It is part of the British overseas territory of which also includes Saint Helena to its north, and equatorial Ascension Island even farther removed, grouping the British South Atlantic islands into one far-flung centrally administered aggregate. Tristan da Cunha is said to be the "most remote inhabited location on Earth." It has a population of 275 (2009 figures).
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Truro
Truro (; ) is a city and civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, and is the centre for administration, leisure and retail in Cornwall, with a population of 17,431. Truro urban statistical area, which includes parts of surrounding parishes, has a population of 20,920. It is the only city in the county, and the most southerly city in Great Britain. People from Truro are known as Truronians.
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Tskhinvali
Tskhinvali (also spelled Cchinvali or Cxinvali; , ; , Tskhinval or '''Ch'reba'''; ), is the capital of South Ossetia, a disputed region which has been recognised as an independent Republic by Russia, Venezuela, Nicaragua and Nauru, and is regarded by Georgia and the rest of the world as part of the Shida Kartli region within Georgian sovereign territory under the Russian occupation.
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Tunisia
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Turkey
Turkey (), known officially as the Republic of Turkey (), is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in western Asia and Thrace in the Balkan region of southeastern Europe. Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between Eastern Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.
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Tuvalu
Tuvalu ( or ), formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia. Its nearest neighbours are Kiribati, Nauru, Samoa and Fiji. It comprises four reef islands and five true atolls. Its population of 12,373 makes it the second-least populous sovereign state in the world, with only Vatican City having fewer inhabitants. In terms of physical land size, at just Tuvalu is the fourth smallest country in the world, larger only than the Vatican City at , Monaco at and Nauru at .
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Tyre, Lebanon
Tyre (Arabic: , '; Phoenician: , , '; , Tzor; Tiberian Hebrew , ; Akkadian:
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Tórshavn
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Ukraine
Ukraine ( ; , transliterated: , ), with its area of 603,628 km2, is the second largest country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by the Russian Federation to the east and northeast, Belarus to the northwest, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to the west, Romania and Moldova to the southwest, and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast respectively.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a country and sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island nation, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border with another sovereign state, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. Great Britain is linked to continental Europe by the Channel Tunnel.
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Utica, Tunisia
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Vaduz
Vaduz ( or ) is the capital of the principality of Liechtenstein and the seat of the national parliament. The town, located along the Rhine, has about 5,100 inhabitants (), most of whom are Roman Catholic. Its cathedral is the seat of a Roman Catholic archbishop.
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Valletta
Valletta is the de facto capital city of Malta, colloquially known as Il-Belt () in Maltese. It is located in the central-eastern portion of the island of Malta and the city proper has a population of 6,098. According to Eurostat, urban zone of Valletta has a population of 368,250.
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Vatican City
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Vienna
Vienna (; ; ) is the capital of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.7 million (2.3 million within the metropolitan area, more than 25% of Austria's population), and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre. It is the 10th largest city by population in the European Union. Vienna is host to many major international organizations such as the United Nations and OPEC.
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Vilnius
Vilnius (, see also other names) is the capital of Lithuania, and its largest city, with a population of 560,190 (850,324 together with Vilnius County) as of 2010. is the seat of the Vilnius city municipality and of the Vilnius district municipality. It is also the capital of Vilnius County.
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Volubilis
Volubilis ( Walili) is an archaeological site in Morocco situated near Meknes between Fez and Rabat along the N13 road. The nearest town is Moulay Idriss. Volubilis features the best preserved ruins in this part of northern Africa. In 1997 the site was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site.
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Wales
Wales ( ; pronounced ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom, bordered by England to its east and the Atlantic Ocean and Irish Sea to its west. It has an estimated population of three million and is officially bilingual with the Welsh and English languages having equal status. The Welsh language is an important element of Welsh culture. Its decline has reversed over recent years, with Welsh speakers estimated to be around 20% of the population of Wales.
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Warsaw
Warsaw ( ; see also other names) is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population as of June 2009 was estimated at 1,711,466, and the Warsaw metropolitan area at approximately 2,785,000. The city area is , with an agglomeration of (Warsaw Metro Area Obszar Metropolitalny Warszawy). Warsaw is the 9th largest city in the European Union by population.
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Weihai
Weihai ({{zh|c=|p=) is a prefecture-level city in eastern Shandong province, People's Republic of China. It is the easternmost prefecture-level city in the province and a major seaport. Between 1898-1930, the town was a British colony known as Weihaiwei or the Weihai Garrison ({{zh|s=|t=|p=), and sometimes as Port Edward. Weihai was not developed in the way that Hong Kong, the other British colony in China, was developed, because Weihai was inside Germany's sphere of influence and had only been obtained as a counterbalance to the Russian presence at Port Arthur. It was largely used as a naval station and a sanatorium. Weihai borders Yantai to the west and the Yellow Sea to the east.
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Wells
Wells is a small cathedral city and civil parish in the Mendip district of Somerset, England, on the southern edge of the Mendip Hills. Although the population, recorded in the 2001 census, is only 10,406, it has had city status since 1205. It is the second-smallest city in England, following the City of London, though St David's in Wales is the smallest city in the UK.
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West Florida
:For information about the region as part of the U.S. territory and state of Florida from 1821 to the present, see Florida Panhandle
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West Jersey
West Jersey and East Jersey were two distinct parts of the Province of New Jersey. The political division existed for 28 years, between 1674 and 1702. Determination of an exact location for a border between West Jersey and East Jersey was often a matter of dispute.
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Westside (Gibraltar)
Westside is an urban area of the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. It lies between the western slopes of the Rock of Gibraltar and the eastern shores of the Bay of Gibraltar and contains over 98% of the territory's population.
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Wolverhampton
Wolverhampton () is a city and metropolitan borough in the Black Country area of the West Midlands, England. In 2004, the local government district had an estimated population of 239,100; the wider Urban Area had a population of 251,462, which makes it the 13th most populous city in England.
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Worcester
Worcester (, ), pronounced locally and in most parts of England as , is a city and county town of Worcestershire in the West Midlands of England. Worcester is situated some 30 miles (48 km) southwest of Birmingham and 29 miles (47 km) north of Gloucester, and has an approximate population of 94,000 people. The River Severn runs through the middle of the city, overlooked by the twelfth-century Worcester Cathedral.
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Yerevan
Yerevan (, ) is the capital and largest city of Armenia and one of the world's oldest continuously-inhabited cities. Situated along the Hrazdan River, Yerevan is the administrative, cultural, and industrial center of the country. It has been the capital since 1918, the thirteenth in the history of Armenia.
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York
York () is a walled city, situated at the confluence of the Rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. The city has a rich heritage and has provided the backdrop to major political events throughout much of its two millennia of existence.
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Zagreb
Zagreb () is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Croatia. It is situated in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately above sea level. In 2008, Zagreb's population was 804,200.
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Zanzibar
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Zulu Kingdom
The Zulu Kingdom, sometimes referred to as the Zulu Empire or, rather imprecisely, Zululand, was a monarchy in Southern Africa that extended along the coast of the Indian Ocean from the Tugela River in the south to Pongola River in the north.
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Åland Islands
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Al-Walid I
Al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik () or Al-Walid I (668 - 715) was an Umayyad caliph who ruled from 705 - 715.
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Albert Hammond
Albert Hammond OBE (born 18 May 1944) is a British-Gibraltarian singer, songwriter and music producer.
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Andalusian people
The Andalusians are the people of the southern region in Spain. They are generally not considered an ethnically distinct people because they lack two of the most important markers of distinctiveness: their own language and an awareness of a presumed common origin. Andalusian Spanish is said to be a distinct dialect, although it is debatable. The Andalusians have a rich culture which includes the Semana Santa (see Holy Week in Spain), the Carnival of Cadiz and the famous flamenco style of music and dance. Andalusia's own statute of autonomy identifies the region as an "historic nationality" and grants it a high level of devolved political power.
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Andalusians
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Austria
Austria or (), officially the Republic of Austria (German: ), is a landlocked country of roughly 8.3 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers and has a temperate and alpine climate. Austria's terrain is highly mountainous due to the presence of the Alps; only 32% of the country is below , and its highest point is . The majority of the population speaks German, which is also the country's official language. Other local official languages are Croatian, Hungarian and Slovene.
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Austrians
Austrians () are a nation and an ethnic group originating from the Republic of Austria and its historical predecessor states who share a common Austrian culture and Austrian descent. Due to their common history and belonging to the Holy Roman Empire until 1806, German-speaking Austrians were historically regarded and understood themselves as Germans but after the founding of a German national state, the German Empire in 1871, and after the events of World War II and Nazism, Austrians developed their own distinct identity separated from Germans.
http://wn.com/Austrians -
Berber people
Berbers are the indigenous peoples of North Africa west of the Nile Valley. They are discontinuously distributed from the Atlantic to the Siwa oasis, in Egypt, and from the Mediterranean to the Niger River. Historically they spoke various Berber languages, which together form a branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family. Today many of them speak Darija and also French in the Maghreb, due to the French colonization of the Maghreb, and especially Spanish in Morocco. Today most Berber-speaking people live in Morocco, Algeria, Libya and Tunisia.
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Bernard of Clairvaux
http://wn.com/Bernard_of_Clairvaux -
Blessed Virgin Mary
http://wn.com/Blessed_Virgin_Mary -
British people
The British (also known as Britons, informally Brits, or archaically Britishers) are citizens of the United Kingdom, of the Isle of Man, one of the Channel Islands, or of one of the British overseas territories, and their descendants.: In a historical context, the term refers to the ancient Britons, the indigenous inhabitants of Great Britain south of the Forth. British nationality law governs modern British citizenship and nationality, which are acquired, for instance, by birth in the UK or by descent from British nationals.
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Charles Ramirez
Charles Ramirez (born 1953 in Gibraltar) is a concert guitarist based in London. He is also Professor of guitar at the Royal College of Music.
http://wn.com/Charles_Ramirez -
Danish people
http://wn.com/Danish_people -
Elizabeth II
Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary, born 21 April 1926) is the reigning queen and head of state of 16 independent sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize, Antigua and Barbuda, and Saint Kitts and Nevis. In addition, as Head of the Commonwealth, she is the figurehead of the 54-member Commonwealth of Nations and, as the British monarch, she is the Supreme Governor of the Church of England.
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Fahd of Saudi Arabia
King Fahd bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud, Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, (16 March 1921 – 1 August 2005) was the King of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Head of the House of Saud as well as Prime Minister. One of forty-five sons of Saudi founder Ibn Saud, and the fourth of his five sons who have ruled the Kingdom (Saud, Faisal, Khalid, Fahd, and Abdullah), Fahd ascended to the throne on the death of his half-brother, King Khalid, on 13 June 1982.
http://wn.com/Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia -
Francisco Franco
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Gibraltarian people
The Gibraltarians (colloquially Llanitos) are a cultural group native to Gibraltar, a British overseas territory located near the southernmost tip of the Iberian Peninsula at the entrance to the Mediterranean sea.
http://wn.com/Gibraltarian_people -
Henry IV of Castile
Henry IV (Galician: Henrique, Spanish: Enrique) (5 January 1425 – 11 December 1474), King of Castile, nicknamed the Impotent (ruled 1454-1474), was the last of the weak late medieval kings of Castile. During Henry's reign the nobles increased in power and the nation became less centralised. He was born in 1425 and was the son of John II of Castile and Maria of Aragon, daughter of King Ferdinand I of Aragon.
http://wn.com/Henry_IV_of_Castile -
Italians
http://wn.com/Italians -
Jim Murphy
http://wn.com/Jim_Murphy -
Julio Iglesias
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Maltese people
The Maltese () are an ethnic group associated with the Southern European nation of Malta, and with the Maltese language. Malta is an island in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea. Included within the ethnic group defined by the Maltese people are the Gozitans () who inhabit Malta's sister island, Gozo.
http://wn.com/Maltese_people -
Orange River Colony
The Orange River Colony was the British colony created after this nation first occupied (1900) and then annexed (1902) the independent Orange Free State in the Second Boer War. The colony ceased to exist in 1910, when it was absorbed into the Union of South Africa as Orange Free State Province.
http://wn.com/Orange_River_Colony -
Our Lady of Europe
Our Lady of Europe () is a consecrated title given to the Blessed Virgin Mary in Gibraltar, where devotion began, and to a lesser extent in Algeciras, Spain. The entire European continent was consecrated under the protection of Our Lady of Europe in the early 14th century from the Shrine in Gibraltar where devotion still continues to this day, over 700 years on.
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Phoenicia
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Polish people
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Portuguese people
The Portuguese () are an ethnic group or nation native to the country of Portugal, in the west of the Iberian peninsula of south-west Europe. Their language is Portuguese, and Roman Catholicism is the predominant religion.
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Sephardi Jews
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Sir Adrian Johns
http://wn.com/Sir_Adrian_Johns -
Spanish people
Spanish people or Spaniards constitute the European nation and ethnic group native of Spain, in the Iberian Peninsula, which forms the southwest of Europe. The Spanish nationality is in essence made up of regional nationalities, reflecting the complex history of Spain. Spain, in its current boundaries, was formed out of a number of predecessor kingdoms in the late 15th century as a result of the Reconquista and the War of the Castilian Succession.
http://wn.com/Spanish_people -
Tariq ibn-Ziyad
http://wn.com/Tariq_ibn-Ziyad -
Tina Turner
Tina Turner (born Anna Mae Bullock; November 26, 1939) is an American singer and actress whose career has spanned more than 50 years. She has won numerous awards and her achievements in the rock music genre have earned her the title '''The Queen of Rock 'n' Roll'''.
http://wn.com/Tina_Turner -
Tommy Hilfiger
Thomas Jacob "Tommy" Hilfiger (born March 24, 1951) is an American fashion designer and founder of the brand Tommy Hilfiger.
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Vandals
The Vandals were an East Germanic tribe that entered the late Roman Empire during the 5th century, perhaps best known for their sack of Rome in 455. Although they were not notably more destructive than other invaders of ancient times, Renaissance and Early Modern writers who idealized Rome tended to blame the Vandals for its destruction. This led to the coinage of "vandalism", meaning senseless destruction, particularly the defacing of artworks that were completed with great effort.
http://wn.com/Vandals -
Visigothic Kingdom
The Visigothic Kingdom was a kingdom which occupied southwestern France and the Iberian Peninsula from the 5th to 8th century AD. One of the Germanic successor states to the Western Roman Empire, it was originally created by the settlement of the Visigoths under King Wallia in the province of Aquitaine in south-west France by the Roman government and then extended by conquest over all of the Iberian peninsula. The Kingdom maintained independence from the Eastern Roman or Byzantine Empire, the attempts of which to re-establish Roman authority in Iberia were only partially successful and short-lived. By the early 6th century, the Kingdom's territory in Gaul had been lost to the Franks, save the narrow coastal strip of Septimania, but the Visigoth control of Iberia was secured by the end of that century with the submission of the Suebi and the Basques. The ethnic distinction between the indigenous Hispano-Roman population and the Visigoths had largely disappeared by this time (the Gothic language lost its last and probably already declining function as a church language when the Visigoths converted to Catholicism in 589). Liber Iudiciorum (completed in 654) abolished the old tradition of having different laws for Romans and for Visigoths. Most of the Visigothic Kingdom was conquered by Islamic troops from Morocco in 716 AD, only the northern reaches of Spain remaining in Christian hands. These gave birth to the medieval Kingdom of Asturias when a local landlord called Pelayo, most likely of Gothic origin, was elected Princeps by the Astures.
http://wn.com/Visigothic_Kingdom -
Whitney Houston
Whitney Elizabeth Houston (born August 9, 1963) is an American R&B;/Pop singer, actress, and former fashion model. A relative of several soul singers, including her mother Cissy Houston, cousins Dionne Warwick and Dee Dee Warwick, and close family friend Aretha Franklin, Houston began singing at her New Jersey church as a member of a junior gospel choir at age eleven. After she began performing alongside her mother at night clubs in the New York City area, she was discovered by Arista Records label head Clive Davis. Houston has released studio albums and movie soundtrack albums throughout her career, all of which have had diamond, multi-platinum, platinum, or gold certification.
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Winston Churchill
http://wn.com/Winston_Churchill
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Urgent Question: Spain and Gibraltar border tensions (15Oct12)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:51
- Published: 15 Oct 2012
- Updated: 19 Oct 2012
Spain is dicking around with the Gibraltar border by being slow to process people to go through it, or jsut closing it all together, in an attempt for the Gibratlarians to stop being British, and join back with economic basket case Spain. Recorded from BBC Parliament, 15 October 2012.
http://wn.com/Urgent_Question_Spain_and_Gibraltar_border_tensions_15Oct12
YGTV Daily Gibraltar News 17-10-2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:02
- Published: 17 Oct 2012
- Updated: 17 Oct 2012
This is the YGTV Daily Gibraltar News on 17th October presented by Georgina White. In tonight's News: Chief Minister Hosts Gibraltar Day in London... GSD Welcome UN Announcement on Self Determination... Workers Hostel Arrives in Gibraltar... Gibraltarian Art Displayed in London... And finally, Rock on the Rock Hosts 3rd Song writing Competition...
http://wn.com/YGTV_Daily_Gibraltar_News_17-10-2012
Gibraltar
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:32
- Published: 31 Mar 2012
- Updated: 11 Oct 2012
Gibraltar Destination Review from Cruise Today
http://wn.com/Gibraltar
Gibraltar 2012 HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:16
- Published: 26 Jul 2012
- Updated: 14 Oct 2012
Gibraltar may 2012 HD,
http://wn.com/Gibraltar_2012_HD
Gibraltar clings to colonial life
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:13
- Published: 19 May 2010
- Updated: 22 Jun 2012
The British terrritory of Gibraltar is the smallest of all the areas on the United Nation 's list of colonies. Its residents live in just six and a half square kilometres, on an outcrop of the southern coast of Spain. Despite their distance from the UK and proximity to Spain they appear happy to stick with British rule. As part of Al Jazeera's series on global colonies, Laurence Lee visits the famous rock.
http://wn.com/Gibraltar_clings_to_colonial_life
Gibraltar: The Rock
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:08
- Published: 16 Feb 2011
- Updated: 19 Oct 2012
The Rock of Gibraltar stands like a fortress at the gateway to the Mediterranean. With its strategic setting, Gibraltar has an illustrious military history and remnants of its martial past are everywhere. But within a generation the economy has gone from one dominated by the military to one based on tourism. For more information on the Rick Steves' Europe TV series — including episode descriptions, scripts, participating stations, travel information on destinations and more — visit www.ricksteves.com.
http://wn.com/Gibraltar_The_Rock
Gibraltar employing struggling Spaniards
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:41
- Published: 06 Apr 2012
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
Spain's unemployment problems are forcing some people to cross the border into the neighbouring British territory of Gibraltar, where there is almost full employment. Tom Burridge reports.
http://wn.com/Gibraltar_employing_struggling_Spaniards
Orca in Gibraltar
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:08
- Published: 29 Jul 2012
- Updated: 10 Aug 2012
July 2012 and Fiona spotted Killer whales in the Strait of Gibraltar while out on a normal dolphin spotting safari.
http://wn.com/Orca_in_Gibraltar
Kaiane Aldorino (Miss World 2009) discusses Gibraltar's culture
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:03
- Published: 08 Aug 2012
- Updated: 15 Sep 2012
Kaiane Aldorino (Miss World 2009) discusses Gibraltar's culture for the documentary film, "People of the Rock: The Llanitos of Gibraltar." facebook.com gibfilm.blogspot.com
http://wn.com/Kaiane_Aldorino_Miss_World_2009_discusses_Gibraltar's_culture
Gibraltar Airport | Exciting Approach and Landing (GIB/LXGB) - BA A320
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:42
- Published: 26 Aug 2012
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
100th Upload here!: www.youtube.com Thankyou so much everyone, new subscribers, old time subsribers, everyone has helped me reach 200 subs and I will do my best to keep giving you guys quality content:) As you may know from the important video I uploaded a few months ago, I was off on a family holiday for a week to a place near Malaga. Holiday was brilliant by the way:) And of course, I couldnt go near an airport or step on a plane without recording so thats what I did. We flew out LHR-GIB(Gibraltar), and flew back AGP (Malaga)-LGW. This video shows a short couple of minute video of LHR and the takeoff there, but mainly about the approach and landing into Gibraltar. The approach was very exciting because the pilot made a couple of sharp turns on the approach, I guess to maneuver around the rock because of the direction we were coming from, and adjusted throttle quite urgently in some places. The airport and surroundings on the approach was beautiful, with the sun, the docks, the water, the mountains and of course the Gibraltar rock which I got a shot of in the video. Feel free to post any questions about the trip, my recording or editing equipment, the aircraft, anything at all, post it in the comments and I will be sure to reply. Enough from me, enjoy the video. --------------------------------------------------------------------- The Link to my Channel is below: www.youtube.com My skype name is: agbailey2 (Archie Bailey) - If you add me on skype, please say that you <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Gibraltar_Airport_|_Exciting_Approach_and_Landing_GIB_LXGB_BA_A320
Gibraltar Ape Attack
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:24
- Published: 27 Dec 2011
- Updated: 09 Oct 2012
2 Barbary apes attack a man in Gibraltar
http://wn.com/Gibraltar_Ape_Attack
Chief Minister of Gibraltar Fabian Picardo address the United Nations on June 15 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:40
- Published: 17 Jun 2012
- Updated: 23 Sep 2012
Chief Minister of Gibraltar, Fabian Picardo, addressed the United Nations Committee of 24 regarding the decolonization of Gibraltar on June 15, 2012. Full text of the speech available here: www.chronicle.gi
http://wn.com/Chief_Minister_of_Gibraltar_Fabian_Picardo_address_the_United_Nations_on_June_15_2012
THE ROCK OF GIBRALTAR (1960s) (8mm)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:29
- Published: 08 Aug 2012
- Updated: 15 Oct 2012
A silent Herald Films reel. Some of the footage is surprisingly amateur for a professional reel, which I think adds to the charm.
http://wn.com/THE_ROCK_OF_GIBRALTAR_1960s_8mm
Spanish Paramilitary Vessel Obstructs Gibraltar Police Royal Navy orders them out of British Waters
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:01
- Published: 26 Aug 2012
- Updated: 14 Oct 2012
On Friday 24th August 2012 at approximately 1045am local time a Spanish Fishing Boat was seen within British Gibraltar Territorial Waters. Use of devices for raking the sea-bed for the taking of molluscs is prohibited under the 1991 Nature Protection Act. The Spanish fishing boat is understood to be the Divina Providencia and was being escorted by two Spanish Civil Guard vessels at the time. It's Spanish Captain whose vessel has been seen fishing on numerous occasions in Gibraltar waters in recent months was last week served with a summons to appear before the Magistrates Court in Gibraltar in September In the video a launch from the Royal Gibraltar Police is seen to respond and arrives positioning itself in the vicinity of the fishing boat. One of the Spanish Civil Guard vessels is seen to manoeuvre itself between the Gibraltar Police vessel and the Spanish fishing boat in an attempt to obstruct the Police from carrying out it's duties in Gibraltar waters. The Gibraltar Police vessel is then seen jousting for position again and is able to place themselves alongside the fishing boat and words appear to have been exchanged. Meanwhile the Royal Navy's Gibraltar Squadron can be seen monitoring from a distance and 2 warnings are heard being given by Navy Ops over Channel 16 Marine Band, One which is recorded on the video. A short moment later the Guardia Civil Vessel M12 is observed leaving the area.
http://wn.com/Spanish_Paramilitary_Vessel_Obstructs_Gibraltar_Police_Royal_Navy_orders_them_out_of_British_Waters
Gibraltar's Chief Minister Fabian Picardo challenges Spain at the United Nations (Speech excerpts)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:09
- Published: 17 Jun 2012
- Updated: 13 Sep 2012
Watch the whole speech here: www.youtube.com Chief Minister of Gibraltar, Fabian Picardo, addressed the United Nations Committee of 24 regarding the decolonization of Gibraltar on June 15, 2012. Full text of the speech available here: www.chronicle.gi
http://wn.com/Gibraltar's_Chief_Minister_Fabian_Picardo_challenges_Spain_at_the_United_Nations_Speech_excerpts
YGTV Presents Rosie Fernandez Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Gibraltar
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:21
- Published: 16 Jul 2012
- Updated: 17 Jul 2012
The very brave Rosie Fernandez Talks about Cystic Fibrosis, how the condition affects suffers and what is needed in the community. Rosie also explains why she created the registered charity Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Gibraltar
http://wn.com/YGTV_Presents_Rosie_Fernandez_Cystic_Fibrosis_Foundation_Gibraltar
Gibraltar."The Rock" Tunnels, Apes, Caves and Beaches.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 17:04
- Published: 25 Sep 2012
- Updated: 12 Oct 2012
Gibraltar is a British overseas territory located on the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula at the entrance of the Mediterranean. It has an area of 6.8 square kilometres (2.6 sq mi) and a northern border with Andalusia, Spain. The Rock of Gibraltar is the major landmark of the region. At its foot is the densely populated city area, home to almost 30000 Gibraltarians and other nationalities. An Anglo-Dutch force captured Gibraltar from Spain in 1704 during the War of the Spanish Succession. The territory was subsequently ceded to Britain "in perpetuity" under the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. It was an important base for the Royal Navy; today its economy is based largely on tourism, financial services, and shipping.
http://wn.com/GibraltarThe_Rock_Tunnels,_Apes,_Caves_and_Beaches
With Bus in Gibraltar-2 June,2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:27
- Published: 03 Jun 2012
- Updated: 15 Oct 2012
With the bus from the Gibraltar Airport to the center
http://wn.com/With_Bus_in_Gibraltar-2_June,2012
GIBRALTAR FRONTIER QUEUES INTO SPAIN 9 OCT 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:28
- Published: 10 Oct 2012
- Updated: 17 Oct 2012
LONG QUEUES The border between Gibraltar and Spain has suffered 4 hour long queues due to the "stringent" controls that are beinng placed by the Spanish National Police and Civil Guard at Customs control entering La Linea de la Concepcion. Everything points to a response from the Spanish Government against the latest incident involving Spanish fishermen and the Royal Gibraltar Police. These queues also coincided with Gibraltar's Chief Minister Picardo addressing the UN on decolonisation. The traffic chaos was such that Gibraltar Police had to divert traffic over the airport runway. The situation had been further complicated by the fog that appeared in the area which was particularly bad on the Rock. LARGAS COLAS La frontera de Gibraltar ha sufrido colas de varias horas debido a los "fuertes" controles que están ejerciendo la Policía Nacional y la Guardia Civil en el paso aduanero de los vehículos antes de acceder a La Línea de la Concepción. Aunque no hay pronunciamientos oficiales, la situación vuelve a originarse tras el último incidente ocurrido entre los pescadores de la Bahía de Gibraltar y los agentes de la Royal Police Gibraltar. El caos circulatorio ha sido tal durante la noche que los agentes de la colonia han tenido que desviar el tráfico hacia la pista del aeropuerto. La situación además se ha complicado debido a la niebla que ha aparecido en las últimas horas en la zona del Estrecho y que es bastante intensa en el Peñón. En algunos casos las esperas para <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/GIBRALTAR_FRONTIER_QUEUES_INTO_SPAIN_9_OCT_2012
Jessie J stops Price Tag at Music Festival Gibraltar 8 Sep 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:54
- Published: 09 Sep 2012
- Updated: 14 Oct 2012
Jessie J stops Price Tag because of a fight at Music Festival Gibraltar 8 Sep 2012
http://wn.com/Jessie_J_stops_Price_Tag_at_Music_Festival_Gibraltar_8_Sep_2012
Gibraltar Frontier queues to enter Spain 20 May 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:31
- Published: 20 May 2012
- Updated: 16 Oct 2012
These were the queues to exit Gibraltar into Spain on Sunday 20 May 2012 at just after 5pm . These delays are being caused by Guardia Civil who had been asked by the Spanish authorities to spend at least 5 minutes per vehicle in an attempt to cause maximum disruption in Gibraltar. This comes after the Royal Navy expelled a Guardia Civil vessel from Gibraltar waters following an incursion by Spanish fishermen late on Thursday in a clear sign that Britain will not tolerate any attempt to escalate a fishing row that has been ongoing over the last few weeks. Spain recently made a decision to cancel at short notice an invite for Queen Sofia of Spain to attend HM Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee lunch.
http://wn.com/Gibraltar_Frontier_queues_to_enter_Spain_20_May_2012
Defenders of Gibraltar - Secret recording of GC at frontier
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:33
- Published: 22 Aug 2012
- Updated: 16 Oct 2012
Essentially the main aim of the day was to continue recording the GC, as they end up panicking and making the queue move quickly. The secondary aim was to get them to conduct behaviour unbecoming of a person in uniform, which we know they do, but we never get it recorded... The third and last aim was to speak to a GC who was civilised and lull him into a false sense of security thinking we had stopped recording, when the truth is I was recording audio the whole time... The Guardia Civil started insulting us in Spanish, calling us homosexuals with cameras (maricones con camera) repeatedly. Unfortunately we didn't catch the insults, however there were enough witnesses in the Spanish side of the queue to corroborate this. It is talked about in the audio and the GC who came to speak to us said to make a complaint Hope you enjoy listening - if you require a copy of what is being said translated into English, please visit www.facebook.com Thank you for listening - we need all the support we can get through such difficult times for Gibraltar and its people.
http://wn.com/Defenders_of_Gibraltar_Secret_recording_of_GC_at_frontier
Moves Like Jagger - Gibraltar (2500 views needed!)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:22
- Published: 13 Dec 2011
- Updated: 17 Oct 2012
We need 2500 views to achieve our goal!!!!! My name is Mark Cheeswright, and with the help of some friends I have created this video over the course of the Saturday 10th and Sunday 11th December 2011 using the participation of random people throughout main street in Gibraltar. It has been lots of fun creating the video and the weather has been amazing!... but the reason why we created this video is to try and help raise money for charity! We have a sponsor who has agreed to donate a lump sum if we are able to reach 2500 views by 6pm on Wednesday 14th December 2011. That's roughly 24 hours from now!! Please pass this video along to your friends and family to help us achieve our goal and help raise money for charity! A big thank you goes out to all those who participated in the video, and a big thank you to those viewing the video also! Your participation is paramount! An extra big thank you goes out to Zdenek Spicl for the video editing!!!! you are a legend!!! An extra big thanks to Irina Trifanova for helping me round up participants!!! :) An extra big thanks to Idan Matalon who gave us the idea and graciously allowed up to copy his idea! please find a copy to his video here! youtu.be ;) Please pass this on, and lets raise some money!!! Merry Christmas 2011!! Thanks, Mark C (I do not own any copyrights to the music in this video, however all video content is copyrighted to Mark Cheeswright all rights reserved 2011/2012 and should not be reused without prior permission)
http://wn.com/Moves_Like_Jagger_Gibraltar_2500_views_needed!
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Who You Are (VEVO Presents: Jessie J, Live in London)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:50
- Published: 19 Oct 2011
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
The Platinum edition of 'Who You Are' is out now on iTunes: bit.ly and HMV bit.ly www.jessiejofficial.com • http Music video by Jessie J performing Who You Are. (C) 2011 Universal Republic Records, a division of UMG Recordings, Inc.
http://wn.com/Who_You_Are_VEVO_Presents_Jessie_J,_Live_in_London
Jessie J - We Found Love (Radio 1 Live Lounge, 2012)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:18
- Published: 18 Feb 2012
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
Jessie warbles Rihanna's hit single for Radio 1 Live Lounge hosted by Fearne Cotton. First broadcast 17th February, 2012.
http://wn.com/Jessie_J_We_Found_Love_Radio_1_Live_Lounge,_2012
Jessie J - Domino (VEVO Presents: Jessie J, Live in London)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:18
- Published: 06 Oct 2011
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
The Platinum edition of 'Who You Are' is out now on iTunes: bit.ly and HMV bit.ly www.jessiejofficial.com • http Music video by Jessie J performing Domino (VEVO Presents: Jessie J, Live in London). © 2011 Universal Republic Records, a division of UMG Recordings, Inc.
http://wn.com/Jessie_J_Domino_VEVO_Presents_Jessie_J,_Live_in_London
Jessie J Live At iTunes Festival 2012 (Full Show) HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 87:21
- Published: 25 Sep 2012
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
Jessie J performs at the 2012 iTunes Festival Enjoy 0:01:15 - Do it like a dude 0:05:40 - Who's laughing now 0:09:50 - Rainbow 0:14:00 - Stand up 0:17:48 - Casualty of love 0:22:22 - Big white room 0:24:14 - Jessie talks new mic stand and Usher concert 0:25:10 - Climax 0:29:44 - Jessie talks fans throwing things on stage and road rage 0:32:27 - Never too much 0:34:09 - Abracadabra 0:38:42 - Jessie talks about her book and fans 0:41:31 - Nobody's perfect 0:48:05 - Jessie talks with staff, fans, about song "who you are" 0:52:12 - Who you are (emotional) 0:57:32 - Jessie talking about mum and dad 0:58:33 - Mamma knows best 1:03:04 - Jessie talks special guest 1:04:19 - Price tag feat. Chipmunk 1:09:00 - Jessie talks fame, fans, does acrobatic 1:11:32 - Laserlight 1:15:15 - Introducing to band 1:19:50 - Domino I DON'T OWN THIS VIDEO NO COPYRIGHT INTENDED
http://wn.com/Jessie_J_Live_At_iTunes_Festival_2012_Full_Show_HD
Jessie J - Best Live Performance - Nobody's Perfect.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:49
- Published: 05 May 2011
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
Jessie J Nobody's perfect live performance on Fifi and Jules.
http://wn.com/Jessie_J_Best_Live_Performance_Nobody's_Perfect
Jessie J - Mamma Knows Best (VEVO LIFT Presents)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:47
- Published: 05 Mar 2011
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
Jessie J live from Don Hill's in NYC as part of VEVO's LIFT showcase. See more at www.vevo.com (C) 2011 Universal Republic Records The Platinum edition of 'Who You Are' is out now on iTunes: bit.ly and HMV bit.ly
http://wn.com/Jessie_J_Mamma_Knows_Best_VEVO_LIFT_Presents
![Jessie J Live @ T in the Park 2012 [07.Jul.2012]](http://web.archive.org./web/20121020025510im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/3vS1vVOEXCY/0.jpg "Jessie J Live @ T in the Park 2012 [07.Jul.2012]")
Jessie J Live @ T in the Park 2012 [07.Jul.2012]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 24:46
- Published: 08 Jul 2012
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
0:00 "Do It Like A Dude" 4:35. "Stand Up" 8:20 "Nobody's Perfect" 13:15 "Price Tag" 17:59 "Domino"
http://wn.com/Jessie_J_Live_@_T_in_the_Park_2012_07Jul2012_
Jessie J Acoustic Nobodys Perfect
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:49
- Published: 02 May 2011
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
Jessie J Performs Live for Fifi and Jules
http://wn.com/Jessie_J_Acoustic_Nobodys_Perfect
JESSIE J - "Price Tag" LIVE + interview on the Graham Norton Show
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:47
- Published: 01 Mar 2011
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
Jessie J is interviewed & performs "PRICE TAG" from her upcoming album "Who You Are" on The Graham Norton show. Wearing a skin tight all-in-one suit, Jessie is looking particularly delectable. So I decided to include the rest of the show in this upload for all the Jessie fans! (D')
http://wn.com/JESSIE_J_Price_Tag_LIVE_+_interview_on_the_Graham_Norton_Show
Jessie J and Vince duet 'Nobody's Perfect' - The Voice UK - Live Final - BBC One
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:14
- Published: 02 Jun 2012
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
www.bbc.co.uk Go Team Jessie! Performing 'Nobody's Perfect' on The Voice UK, Vince Kidd and Jessie J go lung-to-lung for a thrilling re-versioning of Jessie's hit song.
http://wn.com/Jessie_J_and_Vince_duet_'Nobody's_Perfect'_The_Voice_UK_Live_Final_BBC_One
Jessie J - Nobody's Perfect (VEVO LIFT Presents)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:24
- Published: 05 Mar 2011
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
The Platinum edition of 'Who You Are' is out now on iTunes: bit.ly and HMV bit.ly www.jessiejofficial.com • http Jessie J live from Don Hill's in NYC as part of VEVO's LIFT showcase. See more at www.vevo.com (C) 2011 Universal Republic Records
http://wn.com/Jessie_J_Nobody's_Perfect_VEVO_LIFT_Presents
Jessie J - Domino (Radio 1 Live Lounge, 2012)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:16
- Published: 18 Feb 2012
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
Jessie belts one out for Radio 1 Live Lounge hosted by Fearne Cotton. First broadcast 17th February, 2012.
http://wn.com/Jessie_J_Domino_Radio_1_Live_Lounge,_2012
Jessie J - Mamma Knows Best - Britains Got Talent 2011 HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:07
- Published: 02 Jun 2011
- Updated: 17 Oct 2012
Jessie J Performs Mama Knows Best Live on Britain's Got Talent
http://wn.com/Jessie_J_Mamma_Knows_Best_Britains_Got_Talent_2011_HD
Jessie J - Do It Like A Dude Live @ MOBO Awards
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:47
- Published: 05 Oct 2011
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
Live @ MOBO Awards
http://wn.com/Jessie_J_Do_It_Like_A_Dude_Live_@_MOBO_Awards
Jessie J - I Wanna Dance With Somebody (LIVE)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:15
- Published: 05 Jun 2011
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
Jessie J covering Whitney Houston's 'I Wanna Dance With Somebody' Isn't she just AMAZING!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
http://wn.com/Jessie_J_I_Wanna_Dance_With_Somebody_LIVE
Jessie J covers "Young Blood" by The Naked&Famous; Live Performance
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:11
- Published: 08 Jun 2012
- Updated: 15 Oct 2012
Jessie J covers "Young Blood" by The Naked&Famous Live Performance at Take 40 Live Lounge 2011
http://wn.com/Jessie_J_covers_Young_Blood_by_The_Naked&Famous;_Live_Performance
Jessie J performs Domino -- Live in Hyde Park 2012 -- BBC Radio 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:01
- Published: 10 Sep 2012
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
Jessie J performs Domino at Radio 2 Live in Hyde Park 2012. See more videos and photos on the Radio 2 website: bbc.in
http://wn.com/Jessie_J_performs_Domino_-_Live_in_Hyde_Park_2012_-_BBC_Radio_2
Jessie J ~ Who You Are (Live on X Factor UK) 27th Nov 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:39
- Published: 27 Nov 2011
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
Jessie J - Big White Room (Live Acoustic Music Video) w/ lyrics
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:16
- Published: 26 Jan 2011
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
TWEET This Video: clicktotweet.com Subscribe to our Channel: www.youtube.comBETA TV - is a nationally syndicated (146 US cities) weekly music centric TV series filmed and produced in the heart of Hollywood, showcasing at least 3 acoustic artist videos from newly signed and Indie bands in episode format. BETA emphasizes educational and pop culture segments and in-house produced music videos using the best vintage analog recording gear (Telefunken, Neve, Studer, RCA, Trident, etc) combined with the modern sounds of its instrument sponsors such as Taylor Acoustic Guitar, Neumann and Sennheiser Microphones, Sabian Cymbals, Gibraltar Hardware, etc. Filming at the BETA Studios occurs Tue-Thur of every week.
http://wn.com/Jessie_J_Big_White_Room_Live_Acoustic_Music_Video_w_lyrics
Jessie J - Nobody's Perfect (Live At The 2011 Jingle Bell Ball) Music Video - Capital FM.mp4
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:45
- Published: 05 Dec 2011
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
Jessie J Laserlight Live acoustic version Red Room
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:48
- Published: 16 Apr 2012
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
Jessie J Laserlight Live acoustic version Red Room Sorry I have to flip the video because YOUTUBE will get me for copyright infringement... More info,please visit www.novafm.com.au Music Info Track :Laserlight by Jessie J [Who you are Platinum & Deluxe Edition] Record Label : Lava, Universal Republic, Island, Gut Website : www.jessiejofficial.com Download here http Album Download : itunes.apple.com
http://wn.com/Jessie_J_Laserlight_Live_acoustic_version_Red_Room
Jessie J Domino - The X Factor USA Live Results Show Week 3
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:53
- Published: 11 Nov 2011
- Updated: 16 Oct 2012
"Jessie J" "Domino" "X Factor USA 2011" "x factor live show" "X Factor USA 2011" "x factor live show 3"" "TheXFactorUSA" "x factor live results show 3" "jessie j domino" "domino jessie j" "Simon Cowell" "Nicole Scherzinger" "LA Reid" "Paula Abdul" "talent show" "thexfactorusa.com" "reality TV" "singing competition" "jessie j" "Jessie J x factor" "jessie j who are you"
http://wn.com/Jessie_J_Domino_The_X_Factor_USA_Live_Results_Show_Week_3
Jessie J - Stand Up, in the 1Xtra Live Lounge
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:22
- Published: 10 Mar 2011
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
Jessie J performs Stand Up in the 1Xtra Live Lounge for Trevor Nelson. Make sure you check out the two tracks that Jessie performed for Fearne Cotton in the same session, Price Tag and Young Blood at bbc.co.uk/radio1/sessions/2011-03-04_jessiej
http://wn.com/Jessie_J_Stand_Up,_in_the_1Xtra_Live_Lounge
5:50
Who You Are (VEVO Presents: Jessie J, Live in London)
The Platinum edition of 'Who You Are' is out now on iTunes: bit.ly and HMV bit.ly ...
published: 19 Oct 2011
Author: JessieJVEVO
Who You Are (VEVO Presents: Jessie J, Live in London)
The Platinum edition of 'Who You Are' is out now on iTunes: bit.ly and HMV bit.ly www.jessiejofficial.com • http Music video by Jessie J performing Who You Are. (C) 2011 Universal Republic Records, a division of UMG Recordings, Inc.
3:18
Jessie J - We Found Love (Radio 1 Live Lounge, 2012)
Jessie warbles Rihanna's hit single for Radio 1 Live Lounge hosted by Fearne Cotton. F...
published: 18 Feb 2012
Author: paulusthewoodgnome
Jessie J - We Found Love (Radio 1 Live Lounge, 2012)
Jessie warbles Rihanna's hit single for Radio 1 Live Lounge hosted by Fearne Cotton. First broadcast 17th February, 2012.
4:18
Jessie J - Domino (VEVO Presents: Jessie J, Live in London)
The Platinum edition of 'Who You Are' is out now on iTunes: bit.ly and HMV bit.ly ...
published: 06 Oct 2011
Author: JessieJVEVO
Jessie J - Domino (VEVO Presents: Jessie J, Live in London)
The Platinum edition of 'Who You Are' is out now on iTunes: bit.ly and HMV bit.ly www.jessiejofficial.com • http Music video by Jessie J performing Domino (VEVO Presents: Jessie J, Live in London). © 2011 Universal Republic Records, a division of UMG Recordings, Inc.
87:21
Jessie J Live At iTunes Festival 2012 (Full Show) HD
Jessie J performs at the 2012 iTunes Festival Enjoy 0:01:15 - Do it like a dude 0:05:40 - ...
published: 25 Sep 2012
Author: jjessiejj1
Jessie J Live At iTunes Festival 2012 (Full Show) HD
Jessie J performs at the 2012 iTunes Festival Enjoy 0:01:15 - Do it like a dude 0:05:40 - Who's laughing now 0:09:50 - Rainbow 0:14:00 - Stand up 0:17:48 - Casualty of love 0:22:22 - Big white room 0:24:14 - Jessie talks new mic stand and Usher concert 0:25:10 - Climax 0:29:44 - Jessie talks fans throwing things on stage and road rage 0:32:27 - Never too much 0:34:09 - Abracadabra 0:38:42 - Jessie talks about her book and fans 0:41:31 - Nobody's perfect 0:48:05 - Jessie talks with staff, fans, about song "who you are" 0:52:12 - Who you are (emotional) 0:57:32 - Jessie talking about mum and dad 0:58:33 - Mamma knows best 1:03:04 - Jessie talks special guest 1:04:19 - Price tag feat. Chipmunk 1:09:00 - Jessie talks fame, fans, does acrobatic 1:11:32 - Laserlight 1:15:15 - Introducing to band 1:19:50 - Domino I DON'T OWN THIS VIDEO NO COPYRIGHT INTENDED
4:49
Jessie J - Best Live Performance - Nobody's Perfect.
Jessie J Nobody's perfect live performance on Fifi and Jules....
published: 05 May 2011
Author: JessieCornish
Jessie J - Best Live Performance - Nobody's Perfect.
Jessie J Nobody's perfect live performance on Fifi and Jules.
3:47
Jessie J - Mamma Knows Best (VEVO LIFT Presents)
Jessie J live from Don Hill's in NYC as part of VEVO's LIFT showcase. See more at ...
published: 05 Mar 2011
Author: JessieJVEVO
Jessie J - Mamma Knows Best (VEVO LIFT Presents)
Jessie J live from Don Hill's in NYC as part of VEVO's LIFT showcase. See more at www.vevo.com (C) 2011 Universal Republic Records The Platinum edition of 'Who You Are' is out now on iTunes: bit.ly and HMV bit.ly
24:46
Jessie J Live @ T in the Park 2012 [07.Jul.2012]
0:00 "Do It Like A Dude" 4:35. "Stand Up" 8:20 "Nobody...
published: 08 Jul 2012
Author: LisbonExpress
Jessie J Live @ T in the Park 2012 [07.Jul.2012]
0:00 "Do It Like A Dude" 4:35. "Stand Up" 8:20 "Nobody's Perfect" 13:15 "Price Tag" 17:59 "Domino"
4:49
Jessie J Acoustic Nobodys Perfect
Jessie J Performs Live for Fifi and Jules...
published: 02 May 2011
Author: fifiandjules
Jessie J Acoustic Nobodys Perfect
Jessie J Performs Live for Fifi and Jules
12:47
JESSIE J - "Price Tag" LIVE + interview on the Graham Norton Show
Jessie J is interviewed & performs "PRICE TAG" from her upcoming album "...;
published: 01 Mar 2011
Author: dtvmusic
JESSIE J - "Price Tag" LIVE + interview on the Graham Norton Show
Jessie J is interviewed & performs "PRICE TAG" from her upcoming album "Who You Are" on The Graham Norton show. Wearing a skin tight all-in-one suit, Jessie is looking particularly delectable. So I decided to include the rest of the show in this upload for all the Jessie fans! (D')
3:14
Jessie J and Vince duet 'Nobody's Perfect' - The Voice UK - Live Final - BBC One
www.bbc.co.uk Go Team Jessie! Performing 'Nobody's Perfect' on The Voice UK, V...
published: 02 Jun 2012
Author: BBC
Jessie J and Vince duet 'Nobody's Perfect' - The Voice UK - Live Final - BBC One
www.bbc.co.uk Go Team Jessie! Performing 'Nobody's Perfect' on The Voice UK, Vince Kidd and Jessie J go lung-to-lung for a thrilling re-versioning of Jessie's hit song.
4:24
Jessie J - Nobody's Perfect (VEVO LIFT Presents)
The Platinum edition of 'Who You Are' is out now on iTunes: bit.ly and HMV bit.ly ...
published: 05 Mar 2011
Author: JessieJVEVO
Jessie J - Nobody's Perfect (VEVO LIFT Presents)
The Platinum edition of 'Who You Are' is out now on iTunes: bit.ly and HMV bit.ly www.jessiejofficial.com • http Jessie J live from Don Hill's in NYC as part of VEVO's LIFT showcase. See more at www.vevo.com (C) 2011 Universal Republic Records
4:16
Jessie J - Domino (Radio 1 Live Lounge, 2012)
Jessie belts one out for Radio 1 Live Lounge hosted by Fearne Cotton. First broadcast 17th...
published: 18 Feb 2012
Author: paulusthewoodgnome
Jessie J - Domino (Radio 1 Live Lounge, 2012)
Jessie belts one out for Radio 1 Live Lounge hosted by Fearne Cotton. First broadcast 17th February, 2012.
5:07
Jessie J - Mamma Knows Best - Britains Got Talent 2011 HD
Jessie J Performs Mama Knows Best Live on Britain's Got Talent...
published: 02 Jun 2011
Author: TheBlade015
Jessie J - Mamma Knows Best - Britains Got Talent 2011 HD
Jessie J Performs Mama Knows Best Live on Britain's Got Talent
3:47
Jessie J - Do It Like A Dude Live @ MOBO Awards
Live @ MOBO Awards...
published: 05 Oct 2011
Author: HighQualityUploader
Jessie J - Do It Like A Dude Live @ MOBO Awards
Live @ MOBO Awards
Vimeo results:
7:25
LAVAL 07.06.2009
Alain Gerbault (1893-1941) was a French aviator and tennis champion, who set off from Gibr...
published: 09 Jun 2009
Author: Regis Hervagault
LAVAL 07.06.2009
Alain Gerbault (1893-1941) was a French aviator and tennis champion, who set off from Gibraltar on June 6, 1923 in his boat to make a single-handed circumnavigation of the world.
His boat, the FirecrestII, rests nearby the ponds, rose garden and exotic birds in the Jardin botanique de la Perrine, a botanical garden located along the River Mayenne in Laval, Mayenne, France.
In the panorama above the river, you can spot the chapelle St Julien from previous "01.06.2009" vid and the Medieval Château de Laval (tower and building).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jardin_botanique_de_la_Perrine
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Gerbault
Thanks to super windy turbulent skies, we shot some beautiful rolling clouds with my fav FD lenses on both handy35 & 5DmkII.
a nice teaser/"making of" is here : http://vimeo.com/5078182
Music from Aaron Marshall http://vimeo.com/noct
3:16
travelling means sunshine in my guitar case - 1080p
This is my entry for the Travelshooter Short-Film-Contest (http://www.travelshooter.com/in...
published: 17 Dec 2009
Author: Christoph Schaarschmidt
travelling means sunshine in my guitar case - 1080p
This is my entry for the Travelshooter Short-Film-Contest (http://www.travelshooter.com/index.php). In the final, five teams were sent to different countries to produce a three minute short film with the motto "You deserved it".
We were chosen to go to south spain for one week. We shot this video in Gibraltar, Granada, Ronda, Olvera, Salobrena and Setenil with canon 50d and used Sigma DC 18-200mm 1:3,5-6,3 and Sigma APO DG 70-300mm 1:4-5,6 Macro.
Thanks to nordmedia, who organized this contest and gave me this awesome chance.
Music:
billionaire versus bear
http://www.myspace.com/billionairevsbear
"our own velocity"
3:09
Alberto Rodriguez
Pescando en el Estrecho de Gibraltar...
published: 23 Feb 2010
Author: shane shacaluga
Alberto Rodriguez
Pescando en el Estrecho de Gibraltar
3:20
La Roca trailer
www.larocamovie.com // GOLDEN GIRALDILLO AWARD FOR BEST EUROPEAN DOCUMENTARY AT THE SEVILL...
published: 18 Jun 2011
Author: 700gfilms
La Roca trailer
www.larocamovie.com // GOLDEN GIRALDILLO AWARD FOR BEST EUROPEAN DOCUMENTARY AT THE SEVILLE EUROPEAN FILM FESTIVAL 2011. NOMINATED FOR BEST DOCUMENTARY FILM AND BEST ORIGINAL SCORE AT 2012 ANDALUSIAN CINEMA AWARDS (ASECAN).
“La Roca” is an epic love story between the Rock of Gibraltar and its neighboring Spanish city of La Linea throughout the history of the 20th century. As any classic love story, it had to end in tragedy. Dictator Franco closed the frontier and isolated the Rock, hoping that the Gibraltarians would starve to death.
700G Films presents "La Roca". Directed by Raúl Santos. In collaboration with the School of Visual Arts of New York and the support of the Talentia Scholarship Program (Andalusia). ---- raul@700gfilms.com
"La Roca" es una épica historia de amor entre la Roca de Gibraltar y la ciudad de La Línea durante la historia del siglo XX. Como cualquier historia de amor clásica, tenía que acabar en tragedia. El dictador Franco cerró la frontera y aisló a la Roca, confiando en que los gibraltareños se morirían de hambre.
700G Films presenta "La Roca". Dirigida por Raúl Santos. En colaboración con la School of Visual Arts de Nueva York y con el apoyo de Becas Talentia (Andalucía). ---- raul@700gfilms.com
Youtube results:
4:15
Jessie J - I Wanna Dance With Somebody (LIVE)
Jessie J covering Whitney Houston's 'I Wanna Dance With Somebody' Isn't sh...
published: 05 Jun 2011
Author: Effyeahjessiej
Jessie J - I Wanna Dance With Somebody (LIVE)
Jessie J covering Whitney Houston's 'I Wanna Dance With Somebody' Isn't she just AMAZING!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
5:11
Jessie J covers "Young Blood" by The Naked&Famous; Live Performance
Jessie J covers "Young Blood" by The Naked&Famous Live Performance at Take 4...
published: 08 Jun 2012
Author: JJDominoLiveconcert
Jessie J covers "Young Blood" by The Naked&Famous; Live Performance
Jessie J covers "Young Blood" by The Naked&Famous Live Performance at Take 40 Live Lounge 2011
7:01
Jessie J performs Domino -- Live in Hyde Park 2012 -- BBC Radio 2
Jessie J performs Domino at Radio 2 Live in Hyde Park 2012. See more videos and photos on ...
published: 10 Sep 2012
Author: BBC
Jessie J performs Domino -- Live in Hyde Park 2012 -- BBC Radio 2
Jessie J performs Domino at Radio 2 Live in Hyde Park 2012. See more videos and photos on the Radio 2 website: bbc.in
4:39
Jessie J ~ Who You Are (Live on X Factor UK) 27th Nov 2011
...
published: 27 Nov 2011
Author: xoxGeordie66xox
Jessie J ~ Who You Are (Live on X Factor UK) 27th Nov 2011
Creative Commons / Paubahi
Creative Commons / Lancastrian
Creative Commons / Giorgiomonteforti
Creative Commons / Paubahi
Creative Commons / Luzzyacentillo
Creative Commons / Clare Wilkinson
Creative Commons / Konstantin
Creative Commons / Joe Vinent
Creative Commons / Olaf Tausch
Creative Commons / Ralph
Creative Commons / Grez![A view across the Strait of Gibraltar taken from the hills above Tarifa, Spain. Around 5.9 million years ago,[10] the connection between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean along the Betic and Rifan Corridor was progressively restricted until its total closure, effectively causing the salinity of the Mediterranean to periodically fall within the gypsum and salt deposition range, during what is known as the Messinian Salinity Crisis.](http://web.archive.org./web/20121020025510im_/http://cdn3.wn.com/pd/db/9d/11889575e2bb1c11fede18ddf765_small.jpg "A view across the Strait of Gibraltar taken from the hills above Tarifa, Spain. Around 5.9 million years ago,[10] the connection between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean along the Betic and Rifan Corridor was progressively restricted until its total closure, effectively causing the salinity of the Mediterranean to periodically fall within the gypsum and salt deposition range, during what is known as the Messinian Salinity Crisis.")
Creative Commons / Rob3fish
Creative Commons / Flad
Creative Commons / Walter Siegmund
Creative Commons / Paul Handley
US Navy / Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Brian M. Brooks
US Navy / Mass Communication Specialist Seaman Jared M. King
US Navy / Mass Communication Specialist Seaman Jared M. King
US Navy / Mass Communication Specialist Seaman Jared M. King
US Navy / Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Scott Pittman
US Navy / Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Jonathan Sunderman
Creative Commons
US Coastguard / Coast Guard photo/PA3 Connie Terrell
US Coastguard / Coast Guard photo/PA3 Connie Terrell
US Coastguard / Coast Guard photo/PA3 Connie Terrell
US Coastguard / Coast Guard photo/PA3 Connie Terrell
Creative Commons
Creative Commons / Analogue Kid
Creative Commons / Analogue Kid
US Coastguard / Coast Guard photo/Petty Officer 2nd Class Lauren Jorgensen
![A view across the Strait of Gibraltar taken from the hills above Tarifa, Spain. Around 5.9 million years ago,[10] the connection between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean along the Betic and Rifan Corridor was progressively restricted until its total closure, effectively causing the salinity of the Mediterranean to periodically fall within the gypsum and salt deposition range, during what is known as the Messinian Salinity Crisis.](http://web.archive.org./web/20121020025510/http://cdn7.wn.com/pd/db/9d/11889575e2bb1c11fede18ddf765_medium.jpg "A view across the Strait of Gibraltar taken from the hills above Tarifa, Spain. Around 5.9 million years ago,[10] the connection between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean along the Betic and Rifan Corridor was progressively restricted until its total closure, effectively causing the salinity of the Mediterranean to periodically fall within the gypsum and salt deposition range, during what is known as the Messinian Salinity Crisis.")
Photo: AP / Carolyn Kaster
19 Oct 2012
Iranian and U.S. negotiators have reached an agreement that calls for Iran to halt part of its nuclear program in exchange for the lifting of many of the U.S. sanctions against the Islamic regime,...
Photo: AP / www.muslm.net
18 Oct 2012
Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, the self-described mastermind of the September 11 attacks, delivered a scathing anti-American diatribe at a military tribunal in what the judge called a "one-time occurrence"....
Photo: NARA
18 Oct 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling Before swallowing a capsule and committing suicide this very same week in 1946, during the Nuremberg Trials Hermann Goering testified how Nazi Germany...
Photo: AP / Mohammad Hannon
17 Oct 2012
New evidence implicates Libyan militias in an apparent execution of dozens of detainees in rebel custody following the capture and death of Muammar Gaddafi last year, a watchdog has said. In a report...
Photo: Creative Commons / Kansir
17 Oct 2012
(Reuters) - IBM posted a quarterly revenue miss and barely beat analyst expectations for earnings per share as customers put off spending on big ticket items and a stronger dollar hit the company's...
Detroit news
20 Oct 2012
By The Detroit News Comments King running back Raymond Mitchell dives for a first down as East English Village defends in the first quarter on Friday at Ford Field in Detroit. (Daniel Mears/Detroit...
MSNBC
19 Oct 2012
ROME - At least 15 more cyclists have been linked to Lance Armstrong's banned Italian sport doctor in an intricate scheme of money laundering, tax evasion and widespread doping. Former Giro d'Italia...
Canada Dot Com
FILE - In this May 31, 2009 file photo Russia's Denis Menchov pedals as St. Peter's Basilica is seen in background, during the last stage of the Giro d'Italia, Tour of Italy cycling race, an individual time trial in Rome. Photograph by: Alessandra Tarantino , AP ROME - At least 15 more cyclists are...(size: 14.7Kb)
Canada Dot Com
Alexandre Vinokourov celebrates after winning Road Cycling race at 2012 Summer Olympics. Photograph by: Sergey Ponomarev/AP , Canada.com Andrew Dampf ROME — At least 15 more cyclists are being linked to banned Italian sport doctor in an intricate scheme of money laundering, tax evasion and...(size: 13.9Kb)
Lance Armstrong's Doctor Linked To More Cyclists, Olympic Champ Alexandre Vinokourov: REPORT
19 Oct 2012
Huffington Post
ROME -- At least 15 more cyclists have been linked to Lance Armstrong's banned Italian sport doctor in an intricate scheme of money laundering, tax evasion and widespread doping....(size: 8.1Kb)
TSN Canada
ROME -- At least 15 more cyclists are being linked to Lance Armstrong's banned Italian sport doctor in an intricate scheme of money laundering, tax evasion and widespread doping. Former Giro d'Italia winners Michele Scarponi and Denis Menchov, and this year's Olympic champion Alexandre Vinokourov,...(size: 5.3Kb)
More top riders linked to Armstrong's doctor
19 Oct 2012
Houston Chronicle
| Friday, October 19, 2012 | Updated: Friday, October 19, 2012 9:03am Comments (0) E-mail Print...(size: 10.1Kb)
Seattle Post
MILAN (AP) — At least 15 more cyclists reportedly have been linked to Lance Armstrong's banned Italian sport doctor in an intricate scheme of money laundering, tax evasion and widespread doping. Former Giro d'Italia winners Michele Scarponi and Denis Menchov, and this year's Olympic champion...(size: 4.2Kb)
Report: More riders linked to Armstrong's doctor - Wire Other - The Sacramento Bee --> ...
19 Oct 2012
Sacramento Bee
MILAN -- At least 15 more cyclists reportedly have been linked to Lance Armstrong's banned Italian sport doctor in an intricate scheme of money laundering, tax evasion and widespread doping. Former Giro d'Italia winners Michele Scarponi and Denis Menchov, and this year's Olympic champion Alexandre...(size: 4.2Kb)
Star Tribune
MILAN - At least 15 more cyclists reportedly have been linked to Lance Armstrong's banned Italian sport doctor in an intricate scheme of money laundering, tax evasion and widespread doping. Former Giro d'Italia winners Michele Scarponi and Denis Menchov, and this year's Olympic champion Alexandre...(size: 4.2Kb)
More riders linked to Armstrong doctor
19 Oct 2012
Al Jazeera
At least 15 more cyclists are being linked to Lance Armstrong's banned Italian sport doctor in an intricate scheme of money laundering, tax evasion and widespread doping. Former Giro d'Italia winners Michele Scarponi and Denis Menchov, and this year's Olympic champion Alexandre Vinokourov, are under...(size: 19.1Kb)
This article is about the British overseas territory. For other uses, see Gibraltar (disambiguation).
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Gibraltar
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| Motto: Nulli Expugnabilis Hosti (Latin) "Conquerable by no enemy."1 |
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| Anthem: God Save the Queen (official anthem), Gibraltar Anthem (local anthem)[1] |
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![Location of Gibraltar (dark green)– in Europe (green & dark grey)– in the European Union (green) — [Legend]](http://web.archive.org./web/20121020025510/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Location_Gibraltar_EU.png) Location of Gibraltar (dark green)
– in Europe (green & dark grey) |
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 Map of Gibraltar
|
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| Capital | Gibraltar 36°8′N 5°21′W / 36.133°N 5.35°W / 36.133; -5.35 |
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| Largest Most populated district | Westside |
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| Official language(s) | English | |||||
| Spoken Languages | English Spanish Llanito |
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| Ethnic groups | Gibraltarian (of mixed Genoese, Maltese, Portuguese and Spanish descent), other British, Moroccan and Indian | |||||
| Demonym | Gibraltarian | |||||
| Government | British overseas territory (constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democratic dependency) | |||||
| - | Monarch | H.M. Queen Elizabeth II | ||||
| - | Governor | Sir Adrian Johns | ||||
| - | Chief Minister | Fabian Picardo | ||||
| Event | Date | |||||
| - | Captured | 4 August 1704[2] | ||||
| - | Ceded | 11 April 1713[3] (Treaty of Utrecht) | ||||
| - | National Day | 10 September | ||||
| - | Constitution Day | 29 January | ||||
| Area | ||||||
| - | Total | 6.8 km2 (229th) 2.6 sq mi |
||||
| - | Water (%) | 0% | ||||
| Population | ||||||
| - | 2009 estimate | 29,431 (211th) | ||||
| - | Density | 4,328/km2 (3rd) 11,320/sq mi |
||||
| GDP (PPP) | 2011 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | £1 Billion | ||||
| - | Per capita | £27,468 (n/a) | ||||
| HDI (2011) | 0.863 (very high ˡ) (28th) | |||||
| Currency | Pound Sterling £3 (GBP) |
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| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | |||||
| - | Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||||
| Date formats | dd/mm/yyyy | |||||
| Drives on the | right4 | |||||
| ISO 3166 code | GI | |||||
| Internet TLD | .gi5 | |||||
| Calling code | 3506 | |||||
| Patron saint | Bernard of Clairvaux & Our Lady of Europe | |||||
| 1 | HDI of the UK | |||||
| 2 | As a Special Member State territory of the United Kingdom. | |||||
| 3 | Coins and sterling notes are issued by the Government of Gibraltar. | |||||
| 4 | Unlike all other UK dependencies but the BIOT. | |||||
| 5 | The .eu domain is also used, as it is shared with other European Union members. | |||||
| 6 | Before 10 February 2007, 9567 from Spain. | |||||
Gibraltar (
/dʒɨˈbrɒltər/) is a British overseas territory located on the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula at the entrance of the Mediterranean. It has an area of 6.8 square kilometres (2.6 sq mi) and a northern border with Andalusia, Spain. The Rock of Gibraltar is the major landmark of the region. At its foot is the densely populated city area, home to almost 30,000 Gibraltarians and other nationalities.[4]
An Anglo-Dutch force captured Gibraltar from Spain in 1704 during the War of the Spanish Succession. The territory was subsequently ceded to Britain "in perpetuity" under the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. It was an important base for the Royal Navy; today its economy is based largely on tourism, financial services, and shipping.[5][6]
The sovereignty of Gibraltar is a major point of contention in Anglo-Spanish relations as Spain asserts a claim to the territory.[6] Gibraltarians rejected proposals for Spanish sovereignty in a 1967 referendum and again in 2002. Under the Gibraltar constitution of 2006, Gibraltar governs its own affairs, though some powers, such as defence and foreign relations, remain the responsibility of the UK Government.
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Etymology[link]
The name Gibraltar is the Spanish derivation of the Arabic name Jabal Tāriq (جبل طارق), meaning "mountain of Tariq."[7] It refers to the geological formation, the Rock of Gibraltar, which in turn was named after the Berber Umayyad general Tariq ibn-Ziyad who led the initial incursion into Iberia in advance of the main Moorish force in 711 under the command of Umayyad Caliph Al-Walid I. Earlier, it was known as Mons Calpe, one of the Pillars of Hercules. Today, Gibraltar is colloquially referred to as Gib or the Rock.
History[link]
Main article: History of Gibraltar
Evidence of Neanderthal habitation in Gibraltar between 128,000 and 24,000 BC has been discovered at Gorham's Cave, making Gibraltar the last known holdout of the Neanderthals.[8] Within recorded history, the first inhabitants were the Phoenicians, around 950 BC. Subsequently, Gibraltar became known as one of the Pillars of Hercules, after the Greek legend of the creation of the Strait of Gibraltar by Heracles. The Carthaginians and Romans also established semi-permanent settlements. After the collapse of the Roman Empire, Gibraltar came briefly under the control of the Vandals. The area later formed part of the Visigothic Kingdom of Hispania until the Islamic conquest of Iberia in 711 AD. Seven centuries of Moorish control ended when Gibraltar was captured by the Duke of Medina Sidonia in 1462 as part of the Spanish Reconquista.
After the conquest, King Henry IV assumed the title of King of Gibraltar, establishing it as part of the municipal area of the Campo Llano de Gibraltar.[9] Six years later Gibraltar was restored to the Duke of Medina Sidonia who sold it in 1474 to a group of Jewish conversos from Cordova and Seville in exchange for maintaining the garrison of the town for two years, after which time the 4,350 Jews were expelled by the Duke as part of the Inquisition.[10] In 1501 Gibraltar passed back to the hands of the Spanish Crown and Isabella I of Castile issued a Royal Warrant granting Gibraltar the coat of arms that it still uses today.
In 1704, during the War of the Spanish Succession, a combined Anglo-Dutch force captured the town of Gibraltar, leading to a permanent exodus of much of the existing population to the surrounding areas of the Campo de Gibraltar. Under the terms of the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht Gibraltar was ceded to Britain in perpetuity. Spain unsuccessfully attempted to regain control in 1727 and during the Great Siege of Gibraltar which lasted from 1779 to 1783.
Gibraltar became a key base for the British Royal Navy and played an important role prior to the Battle of Trafalgar and during the Crimean War of 1854–56, due to its strategic location. Its strategic value increased with the opening of the Suez Canal as it lay on the sea route between the UK and the British Empire east of Suez. In the later 19th century there were major investments in improving the fortifications and the port.[11]
During World War II, Gibraltar's civilian population was evacuated (mainly to London, England, but also to parts of Morocco, Madeira and Jamaica) and the Rock was strengthened as a fortress. Spanish dictator Francisco Franco's reluctance to allow the German Army onto Spanish soil frustrated a German plan to capture the Rock, codenamed Operation Felix. In the 1950s, Franco renewed Spain's claim to sovereignty over Gibraltar and restricted movement between Gibraltar and Spain. Gibraltarians voted overwhelmingly to remain under British sovereignty in a 1967 referendum which led to the passing of the Gibraltar Constitution Order in 1969. In response, Spain completely closed the border with Gibraltar and severed all communication links.[12] The border with Spain was partially reopened in 1982, and fully reopened in 1985 prior to Spain's accession to the European Community.
In a referendum held in 2002, Gibraltarians rejected by an overwhelming majority (99%) a proposal of shared sovereignty on which Spain and Britain were said to have reached "broad agreement".[13][14] The British government has committed itself to respecting the Gibraltarians' wishes.[15] A new Constitution Order was approved in referendum in 2006. A process of tripartite negotiations started in 2006 between Spain, Gibraltar and the UK, ending some restrictions and dealing with disputes in some specific areas such as air movements, customs procedures, telecommunications, pensions and cultural exchange.[16]
Government and politics[link]
Main articles: Politics of Gibraltar, Disputed status of Gibraltar, and Foreign relations of Spain#Disputes - international
Gibraltar is a British overseas territory. The British Nationality Act 1981 granted Gibraltarians full British citizenship.
Under its current Constitution, Gibraltar has almost complete internal democratic self-government through an elected parliament,[17][18][19][20] elected for a term of up to four years. The unicameral Parliament presently consists of seventeen elected members, and the Speaker who is not elected, but appointed by a resolution of the Parliament.[21] The Government consists of ten elected members. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, who is represented by the Governor of Gibraltar. Defence, foreign policy and internal security are formally the responsibility of the Governor; judicial and other appointments are also made on behalf of the Queen in consultation with the head of the elected government.[22][23][24][25][26][26][27]
The 2011 election was contested by the Gibraltar Social Democrats (GSD), Gibraltar Socialist Labour Party (GSLP)-Gibraltar Liberal Party (GLP) Alliance and the Progressive Democratic Party (PDP). A new party, the PDP, was formed in 2006 and fielded candidates in the 2007 election, but none were elected. The head of Government is the Chief Minister (as of December 2011, Fabian Picardo). All local political parties oppose any transfer of sovereignty to Spain, instead supporting self-determination. The main UK opposition parties also support this policy and it is UK Government policy not to engage in talks about the sovereignty of Gibraltar without the consent of the people of Gibraltar.[28]
Gibraltar is part of the European Union, having joined via the Single European Act 1972 and British Treaty of Accession in 1973, with exemption from some areas such as the Customs union and Common Agricultural Policy. The Treaties relating to coal and steel, agriculture and fisheries do not apply simply because Gibraltar does not produce any of those resources. After a ten-year campaign for the right to vote in European Elections, from 2004, the people of Gibraltar participated in elections for the European Parliament as part of the South West England constituency.[29]
Geography[link]
The territory covers 6.843 square kilometres (2.642 sq mi) and shares a 1.2-kilometre (0.75 mi) land border with Spain. On the Spanish side lies the town of La Línea de la Concepción, a municipality of the province of Cádiz. The Spanish hinterland forms the comarca of Campo de Gibraltar (literally Gibraltar Countryside). The shoreline measures 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) in length. There are two coasts (sides) of Gibraltar – the East Side, which contains the settlements of Sandy Bay and Catalan Bay, and the Westside, where the vast majority of the population lives. Gibraltar has no administrative divisions but is divided into seven Major Residential Areas.
Having negligible natural resources and few natural freshwater resources, limited to natural wells in the north, until recently Gibraltar used large concrete and/or natural rock water catchments to collect rainwater. Fresh water from the boreholes is supplemented by two desalination plants: a reverse osmosis plant, constructed in a tunnel within the rock, and a multi-stage flash distillation plant at North Mole.[30]
Gibraltar's terrain consists of the 426-metre (1,398 ft) high Rock of Gibraltar made of Jurassic limestone, and the narrow coastal lowland surrounding it.[31] It contains many tunnelled roads, most of which are still operated by the military and closed to the general public.
Climate[link]
Main article: Climate of Gibraltar
Gibraltar has a Subtropical-Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa),[32][33] with mild winters and warm summers. Rain occurs mainly in winter, with summer being generally dry. Its average annual temperature is about 21 °C (70 °F) during the day and 15 °C (59 °F) at night. In the coldest month, January, the temperature ranges from 11–18 °C (52–64 °F) during the day and 9–14 °C (48–57 °F) at night, the average sea temperature is 15–16 °C (59–61 °F). In the warmest month, August, the typically temperature ranges from 25–31 °C (77–88 °F) during the day, above 20 °C (68 °F) at night, the average sea temperature is 22 °C (72 °F).[34]
| Climate data for Gibraltar | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 16 (61) |
17 (63) |
18 (64) |
20 (68) |
23 (73) |
25 (77) |
28 (82) |
29 (84) |
26 (79) |
23 (73) |
19 (66) |
17 (63) |
21.8 (71.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 13 (55) |
14 (57) |
15 (59) |
17 (63) |
19 (66) |
22 (72) |
24 (75) |
25 (77) |
23 (73) |
20 (68) |
17 (63) |
14 (57) |
18.6 (65.4) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 10 (50) |
11 (52) |
12 (54) |
13 (55) |
15 (59) |
18 (64) |
20 (68) |
21 (70) |
19 (66) |
17 (63) |
14 (57) |
11 (52) |
15 (59.1) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 152 (5.98) |
98 (3.86) |
106 (4.17) |
59 (2.32) |
25 (0.98) |
4 (0.16) |
1 (0.04) |
3 (0.12) |
23 (0.91) |
55 (2.17) |
114 (4.49) |
127 (5) |
767 (30.2) |
| Avg. rainy days | 10 | 7 | 10 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 10 | 63 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 186.0 | 196.0 | 217.0 | 240.0 | 310.0 | 330.0 | 341.0 | 341.0 | 270.0 | 217.0 | 180.0 | 186.0 | 3,014 |
| Source: BBC Weather[35] | |||||||||||||
Flora and fauna[link]
See also: List of mammals of Gibraltar, List of birds of Gibraltar, and List of reptiles and amphibians of Gibraltar
Over 500 different species of flowering plants grow on the Rock. One of them, the Gibraltar candytuft (Iberis gibraltarica), is endemic to Gibraltar, being the only place in Europe where it is found growing in the wild. It is the symbol of the Upper Rock nature reserve. Among the wild trees that grow all around the Rock, olive and pine trees are some of the most common.
Most of the Rock's upper area is covered by a nature reserve, which is home to around 230 Barbary Macaques (commonly confused with apes), the only wild monkeys found in Europe.[36] This species, known scientifically as Macaca sylvanus, is listed as endangered by the IUCN Red List and is declining. Three quarters of the world population live in the Middle Atlas mountains of Morocco. Recent genetic studies and historical documents point to their presence on the Rock before its capture by the British. A superstition analogous to that of the ravens at the Tower of London states that if the monkeys ever leave, so will the British. In 1944 British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, was so concerned about the dwindling monkey population that he sent a message to the Colonial Secretary requesting that something be done about the situation.[37]
Other mammals found in Gibraltar include rabbits, foxes and bats. Dolphins and whales are frequently seen in the Bay of Gibraltar. Migrating birds are very common and Gibraltar is home to the only Barbary Partridges found on the European continent.
In 1991 Graham Watson, MEP for Gibraltar, highlighted conservationists' fears that urban development, tourism and invasive plant species were threatening Gibraltar's own plants as well as birds and bat species.[38]
Economy[link]
Main article: Economy of Gibraltar
The British military traditionally dominated Gibraltar's economy, with the naval dockyard providing the bulk of economic activity. This however, has diminished over the last twenty years, and is estimated to account for only 7% of the local economy, compared to over 60% in 1984. Today, Gibraltar's economy is dominated by four main sectors – financial services, internet gaming, shipping and tourism (including retail for visitors).[39]
In the early 2000s, many bookmakers and online gaming operators relocated to Gibraltar to benefit from operating in a regulated jurisdiction with a favourable corporate tax regime. However, this corporate tax regime for non-resident controlled companies was phased out by January 2011 and replaced by an across the board Corporate Tax rate of 10%.[40]
Tourism is also a significant industry. Gibraltar is a popular port for cruise ships and attracts day visitors from resorts in Spain. The Rock is a popular tourist attraction, particularly among British tourists and residents in the southern coast of Spain. It is also a popular shopping destination, and all goods and services are VAT free. Many of the large British high street chains have branches or franchises in Gibraltar including Marks & Spencer and Mothercare. Branches and franchises of international retailers such as Tommy Hilfiger and Sunglass Hut are also present in Gibraltar, as is the Spanish clothing company Mango.
A number of British and international banks have operations based in Gibraltar. Jyske Bank claims to be the oldest bank in the country, based on Jyske's acquisition in 1987 of Banco Galliano, which began operations in Gibraltar in 1855. An ancestor of Barclays, the Anglo-Egyptian Bank, entered in 1888, and Credit Foncier (now Crédit Agricole) entered in 1920.
In 1967, Gibraltar enacted the Companies (Taxation and Concessions) Ordinance (now an Act), which provided for special tax treatment for international business.[41] This was one of the factors leading to the growth of professional services such as private banking and captive insurance management. Gibraltar has several positive attributes as a financial centre, including a common law legal system and access to the EU single market in financial services. The Financial Services Commission (FSC),[42] which was established by an ordinance in 1989 (now an Act) that took effect in 1991, regulates the finance sector.[43] In 1997, the Department of Trade and Industry established its Gibraltar Finance Centre (GFC) Division to facilitate the development the financial sector development.
The currency of Gibraltar is the Gibraltar Pound, issued by the Government of Gibraltar under the terms of the 1934 Currency Notes Act. These banknotes are legal tender in Gibraltar alongside Bank of England banknotes.[44][45] In a currency board arrangement, these notes are issued against reserves of sterling.[45][46][47] Clearing and settlement of funds is conducted in sterling.[48] Coins in circulation follow British denominations but have separate designs. Most retail outlets in Gibraltar unofficially accept the euro, though some payphones and the Royal Gibraltar Post Office do not.[49]
Demography[link]
Main article: Demographics of Gibraltar
Gibraltar is one of the most densely populated territories in the world, with a population estimated in 2008 of 29,286,[50] equivalent to approximately 4,290 inhabitants per square kilometre (11,100 /sq mi). The growing demand for space is being increasingly met by land reclamation; reclaimed land currently comprises approximately one tenth of the territory's total area.
Ethnic groups[link]
See also: Gibraltarian people
One of the main features of Gibraltar’s population is the diversity of their ethnic origins. The demographics of Gibraltar reflects Gibraltarians' racial and cultural fusion of the many European and other economic migrants who came to the Rock over three hundred years, after almost all of the Spanish population left in 1704.
The main ethnic groups, according to the origin of names in the electoral roll, are Britons (27%), Spanish (24%, mostly Andalusians but also some 2% of Minorcans), Genoese and other Italians (20%), Portuguese (10%), Maltese (8%), and Jews (3%). There are also small (less than 1%) peoples of other groups such as Moroccans, French, Austrians, Chinese, Japanese, Polish and Danish.[51]
The Gibraltar Census 2001[52] recorded the breakdown of nationalities in Gibraltar as being 83.22% Gibraltarian, 9.56% "Other British", 3.50% Moroccan, 1.19% Spanish and 1.00% "Other EU".
Language[link]
Main article: Languages of Gibraltar
The official language of Gibraltar is English, and is used by the Government and in schools. Most locals are bilingual, also speaking Spanish, due to Gibraltar's proximity to Spain. However, because of the varied mix of ethnic groups which reside there, other languages are also spoken on the Rock. Berber and Arabic are spoken by the Moroccan community, as are Hindi and Sindhi by the Indian community of Gibraltar. Hebrew is also spoken by the Jewish community and the Maltese language is still spoken by some families of Maltese descent.
Gibraltarians often converse in Llanito (pronounced: [ʎaˈnito]),[53] a vernacular unique to Gibraltar. It is based on Andalusian Spanish with a strong admixture of British English and some contribution from languages such as Maltese, Portuguese, Italian of the Genoese variety and Haketia (Ladino): for example there are over 500 words of Genoese and Hebrew origin in Llanito.[54] It also often involves code-switching to English.
Gibraltarians often also call themselves Llanitos.
Religion[link]
According to the 2001 Census, approximately 78.1% of Gibraltarians are Roman Catholics [55]. The sixteenth century Saint Mary the Crowned is the cathedral church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Gibraltar, and also the oldest Catholic church in the territory. Other Christian denominations include the Church of England (7.0%), whose Cathedral of the Holy Trinity is the cathedral of the Anglican Bishop of Gibraltar in Europe; the Gibraltar Methodist Church,[56] Church of Scotland, various Pentecostal and independent churches mostly influenced by the House Church and Charismatic movements, as well as a Plymouth Brethren congregation. Several of these congregations are represented by the Gibraltar Evangelical Alliance. There is also a ward of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and Jehovah's Witnesses. 2.9% advised that they have no religion.
The third religion in size is Islam (4.0% of the population). There is also an established Hindu population (1.8%), members of the Bahá'í Faith and a long-established Jewish community, which, at 584 persons, accounts for 2.1% of the population.[57] There are four functioning Orthodox synagogues in Gibraltar and several kosher establishments.
Education[link]
Main article: Education in Gibraltar
Education in Gibraltar generally follows the English system operating within a three tier system. Schools in Gibraltar follow the Key Stage system which teaches the National Curriculum. Gibraltar has fifteen state schools, a MOD school, a private school and a College of Further Education. As there are no facilities in Gibraltar for full-time higher education, all Gibraltarian students must study elsewhere at degree level or equivalent and certain non-degree courses,[58] many in the UK.[citation needed] The Government of Gibraltar operates a scholarship/grant system to provide funding for students studying in the United Kingdom. All Gibraltarian students followed the student loans procedure of the UK, where they applied for a loan from the Student Loans Company which was then reimbursed in full by the Government of Gibraltar. In August 2010, this system was replaced by the direct payment by the Government of grants and tuition fees. The overwhelming majority of Gibraltarians continue their studies at University.
Health care[link]
All Gibraltarians are entitled to free health care in public wards and clinics at the hospital and primary health care centre. All other British citizens are also entitled to free of charge treatment on the Rock on presentation of a valid British passport during stays of up to 30 days. Other EU nationals are equally entitled to treatment on presentation of a valid European Health Insurance Card. Dental treatment and prescribed medicines are free of charge for Gibraltarian students and pensioners.[59] First-line medical and nursing services are provided at the Primary Care Centre, with more specialised services available at St Bernard's Hospital. Psychiatric care is provided by King George V Hospital.[60] Patients requiring medical treatment not available on the Rock receive it as private patients paid for by the Government of Gibraltar either in the United Kingdom, or more recently in Spain.[citation needed]
Culture[link]
Main article: Culture of Gibraltar
The culture of Gibraltar reflects Gibraltarians' diverse origins. While there are Spanish (mostly from nearby Andalusia) and British influences, the ethnic origins of most Gibraltarians are not confined to these ethnicities. Other ethnicities include Genoese, Maltese, Portuguese, and German. A few other Gibraltar residents are Jewish of Sephardic origin, Moroccan, or Indians. British influence remains strong, with English being the language of government, commerce, education, and the media.
Gibraltar's first sovereignty referendum is celebrated annually on Gibraltar National Day (10 September). It is a public holiday, during which most Gibraltarians dress in their national colours of red and white and 30,000 similarly coloured balloons are released, to represent the people of Gibraltar. The 300th anniversary of Gibraltar's capture was celebrated in 2004 on Tercentenary Day (4 August), when in recognition of and with thanks for its long association with Gibraltar, the Royal Navy was given the Freedom of the City of Gibraltar and a human chain of Gibraltarians dressed in red, white and blue, linked hands to encircle the Rock.
The Gibraltar Broadcasting Corporation operates a television and radio station on UHF, VHF and medium-wave. The radio service is also Internet-streamed. Special events and the daily news bulletin are streamed in video. The other local radio service is operated by the British Forces Broadcasting Service which also provides a limited cable television network to HM Forces. The largest and most frequently published newspaper is the Gibraltar Chronicle, Gibraltar’s oldest established daily newspaper and the world’s second oldest English language newspaper to have been in print continuously[61] with daily editions six days a week. Panorama is published on weekdays, and 7 Days, The New People, and Gibsport are weekly.
There exists a small amount of literary writings by native Gibraltarians. The first work of fiction was probably Héctor Licudi's 1929 novel Barbarita, written in Spanish.[62] It is a largely autobiographical account of the adventures of a young Gibraltarian man. Throughout the 1940s and 1950s, several anthologies of poetry were published by Leopoldo Sanguinetti, Albert Joseph Patron, and Alberto Pizzarello. The 1960s were largely dominated by the theatrical works of Elio Cruz and his two highly acclaimed Spanish language plays La Lola se va pá Londre and Connie con cama camera en el comedor.[citation needed] In the 1990s, the Gibraltarian man-of-letters Mario Arroyo published Profiles (1994), a series of bilingual meditations on love, loneliness and death. Of late there have been works by the essayist Mary Chiappe such as her volume of essays Cabbages and Kings (2006) and by academic M. G. Sanchez, author of the novel Rock Black 0–10: A Gibraltar fiction (2006).
Musicians from Gibraltar include Charles Ramirez, the first guitarist invited to play with the Royal College of Music Orchestra,[63] successful rock bands like Breed 77, Melon Diesel and Taxi. Albert Hammond,[64] had top 10 hits in the UK and US, and has written many songs for international artists such as Whitney Houston, Tina Turner and Julio Iglesias among many others.
The cuisine of Gibraltar is the result of the rich diversity of civilizations who held the Rock during its history; from the Berbers of North Africa to the Andalusians and British. The culinary influences include those from Malta, Genoa, Portugal and Andalusia. This marriage of tastes has given Gibraltar an eclectic mix of Arabic, Mediterranean and British cuisines. Calentita, a baked bread-like dish made with chickpea flour, water, olive oil, salt and pepper, is considered Gibraltar's national dish.
Sport[link]
Main article: Sport in Gibraltar
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In 2007 there were eighteen Gibraltar Sports Associations with official recognition from their respective international governing bodies. Others have submitted applications for recognition which are being considered. The Government supports the many sporting associations financially. Gibraltar also competes in the bi-annual Island Games, which it hosted in 1995. Football is the most popular sport in Gibraltar. The Gibraltar Football Association applied for full membership of UEFA, but their bid was turned down in 2007 in a contentious decision.[65] Cricket enjoys massive popularity in Gibraltar. The Gibraltar national cricket team won the European Cricket Championship Division Two in 2000 and 2002. Rugby union is fairly popular and one of the fastest growing team sports, Gibraltar Rugby Union Football Union has now applied for membership of Europe's governing body for rugby and await a decision. A complaint has been received from the Spanish Federation. The Gibraltar Rifle Association (GRA) were the most successful team for Gibraltar at the 2009 Island Games earning four gold medals. The first was won by Heloise Manasco and Stephanie Piri in the ISSF 10m Air Rifle Team event. Heloise later went on to win a second gold in the individual competition. Wayne Piri and Adrian Lugnani took the gold medal in the ISSF 50m Small Bore Team event with Wayne winning the fourth gold for Gibraltar in the individual competition of the same event.
Darts is also a popular sport, with the Gibraltar Darts Association (full member of World Darts Federation since 1977) running leagues & other regular tournaments. In 2010 Gibraltar hosted the Mediterranean Cup and won Gold, competing against France, Italy, Turkey, Malta & Cyprus.
Communications[link]
Main article: Communications in Gibraltar
Gibraltar has a digital telephone exchange supported by a fibre optic and copper infrastructure; the telephone operator Gibtelecom also operates a GSM network. Internet connectivity is available across the fixed network. Local operator CTS is rolling out WiMAX.
International Direct Dialling (IDD) is provided, and Gibraltar was allocated the access code +350 by the International Telecommunication Union. This has been universally valid since 10 February 2007, when the telecom dispute was resolved.
Transport[link]
Main article: Transport in Gibraltar
Within Gibraltar, the main form of transport is the car. Motorbikes are also very popular and there is a good modern bus service. Unlike in other British territories, traffic drives on the right, as the territory shares a land border with Spain.
There is a Gibraltar Cable Car which runs from ground level to the top of the Rock, with an intermediate station at Apes’ Den.
Restrictions on transport introduced by Spanish dictator Francisco Franco closed the land frontier in 1969 and also prohibited any air or ferry connections. In 1982, the land border was reopened. As the result of an agreement signed in Cordova on 18 September 2006 between Gibraltar, the United Kingdom and Spain,[66] the Spanish government agreed to relax border controls at the frontier that have plagued locals for decades; in return, Britain paid increased pensions to Spanish workers who lost their jobs when Franco closed the border.[67] Telecommunication restrictions were lifted in February 2007 and air links with Spain were restored in December 2006.[68][69]
Gibraltar maintains regular flight connections to London and Manchester. Budget airline easyJet also flies to Liverpool. Scheduled flights to Morocco and Madrid proved unsustainable due to insufficient demand. Bmibaby has announced that they will fly from East Midlands Airport to the Rock as from March 2012, opening an airlink to the Midlands.
GB Airways operated a service between Gibraltar and London and other cities for many years. The airline initially flew under the name "Gibraltar Airways". In 1989, and in anticipation of service to cities outside the UK, Gibraltar Airways changed its name to GB Airways with the belief that a new name would incur fewer political problems. As a franchise, the airline operated flights in full British Airways livery. In 2007 GB Airways was purchased by EasyJet[70] who began operating flights under their name in April 2008 when British Airways re-introduced flights to Gibraltar under their name. Monarch Airlines operate a daily scheduled service between Gibraltar and Luton and Manchester. The Spanish national airline, Iberia, operated a daily service to Madrid which ceased due to lack of demand. In May 2009 Ándalus Líneas Aéreas opened a Spanish service[71] which also ceased operations in March 2010.[72] An annual return charter flight to Malta is operated by Maltese national airline, Air Malta.
Gibraltar Airport is unusual not only due to its proximity to the city centre resulting in the airport terminal being within walking distance of much of Gibraltar but also because the runway intersects Winston Churchill Avenue, the main north-south street, requiring movable barricades to close when aircraft land or depart. New roads and a tunnel, which will end the need to stop road traffic when aircraft use the runway, are planned to coincide with the building of a new airport terminal building with an originally estimated completion date of 2009,[73][74] although due to delays the airport will now fully open in early 2012.
Motorists, and on occasion pedestrians, crossing the border with Spain have been subjected to long delays and searches by the Spanish authorities.[75] Spain has closed the border during disputes or incidents involving the Gibraltar authorities, such as the Aurora cruise ship incident[76] and when fishermen from the Spanish fishing vessel Piraña were arrested for illegal fishing in Gibraltar waters.[77]
The most popular alternative airport for Gibraltar is Málaga Airport in Spain, some 120 kilometres (75 mi) to the east, which offers a wide range of destinations, second to Jerez Airport which is closer to Gibraltar.
Gibraltar receives a large number of visits from cruise ships, and the Strait of Gibraltar is one of the busiest shipping lanes in the world.
Passenger and cargo ships anchor in the Port of Gibraltar. Also, a daily ferry links Gibraltar with Tangier in Morocco. The ferry between Gibraltar and Algeciras, which had been halted in 1969 when Franco severed communications with Gibraltar, was finally reopened on 16 December 2009, served by the Spanish company Transcoma.[78]
The closest train station is San Roque station.
Police[link]
Main article: Royal Gibraltar Police
See also: Gibraltar Defence Police
The Royal Gibraltar Police (RGP) is, along with the Gibraltar Customs, the principal civilian law enforcement agency in Gibraltar. It is the oldest police force in the Commonwealth of Nations outside the United Kingdom, having been formed when Gibraltar was declared a crown colony on 25 June 1830, shortly after the creation of London's Metropolitan Police in 1829.
In general the Gibraltar force follows British police models in its dress and notably male constables and sergeants on foot patrol wear the traditional headgear of the British "bobby on the beat", correctly known as the custodian helmet. The helmet is traditionally made of cork covered outside by felt or serge like material that matches the tunic.
The force, whose name received the prefix "Royal" in 1992, currently numbers over 220 officers, who are divided into a number of units. These include CID, Drug Squad, Special Branch, Firearms Unit, Scene of Crime Examiners, Traffic Department, Marine Section, and Operations Division.
The current headquarters is at New Mole House Police Station, Rosia Road.
Military[link]
Gibraltar's defence is the responsibility of the tri-service British Forces Gibraltar. In January 2007, the Ministry of Defence announced that the private company – SERCO – would provide services to the base. The announcement resulted in the affected trade unions striking.
- The Royal Gibraltar Regiment provides the army garrison, based at Devils Tower Camp.[79] The regiment was originally a part-time reserve force but the British Army placed it on the permanent establishment in 1990. The regiment includes full-time and part-time soldiers recruited from Gibraltar, as well as British Army regulars posted from other regiments.
- The Royal Navy maintains a squadron at the Rock. The squadron is responsible for the security and integrity of British Gibraltar Territorial Waters (BGTW). The shore establishment at Gibraltar is called HMS Rooke after Sir George Rooke who captured the Rock for Archduke Charles (pretender to the Spanish throne) in 1704. The naval air base was named HMS Cormorant. Gibraltar's strategic position provides an important facility for the Royal Navy and Britain's allies. British and U.S. nuclear submarines frequently visit the Z berths at Gibraltar.[80] A Z berth provides the facility for nuclear submarines to visit for operational or recreational purposes, and for non-nuclear repairs. During the Falklands War, an Argentine plan to attack British shipping in the harbour using frogmen (Operation Algeciras) was foiled.[81] The naval base also played a part in supporting the task force sent by Britain to recover the Falklands.
- The Royal Air Force station at Gibraltar forms part of Headquarters British Forces Gibraltar. Although aircraft are no longer permanently stationed at RAF Gibraltar, a variety of RAF aircraft make regular visits to the Rock and the airfield also houses a section from the Met Office.
The Rock is believed to be a SIGINT listening post.[82] Its strategic position provides a key GCHQ and National Security Agency location for Mediterranean and North African coverage.[83]
Town twinnings[link]
- Current
Gibraltar is currently twinned with Funchal, Madeira (2009);[84][85][86] and Ballymena, Northern Ireland (2006),[87] and was once twinned with Goole, England.[88]
See also[link]
- Outline of Gibraltar
- British Overseas Territories
- Gibraltar in popular culture
- Gibraltarian people
- List of Gibraltarians
References[link]
- ^ "Gibraltar: National anthem". CIA World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gi.html. Retrieved 25 September 2011. "National anthem: name: "Gibraltar Anthem" . . . note:adopted 1994; serves as a local anthem; as a territory of the United Kingdom, "God Save the Queen" remains official (see United Kingdom)"
- ^ Gibraltar was captured on 24 July 1704, Old Style, and 4 August 1704, New Style
- ^ The treaty was signed on 31 March 1713, Old Style, and 11 April 1713, New Style – Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht between France and Great Britain
- ^ "Abstract of Statistics 2009, Statistics Office of the Government of Gibraltar". p. 2. http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/images/stories/PDF/statistics/2009/Abstract%20of%20Statistics%20Report%202009%20Website.pdf. The civilian population includes Gibraltarian residents, other British residents (including the wives and families of UK-based servicemen, but not the servicemen themselves) and non-British residents. Visitors and transients are not included. In 2009, this broke down into 23,907 native born, 3,129 UK British, 2,395 Other for a total population of 29,431. On census night there were 31,623 people present in Gibraltar.
- ^ Country Profiles: Gibraltar, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, 6 May 2010; retrieved 15 May 2010
- ^ a b Informe sobre la cuestión de Gibraltar, Spanish Foreign Ministry (Spanish)
- ^ "History of Gibraltar". Government of Gibraltar. http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/gov_depts/port/port_index.htm. Retrieved 20 December 2007. [dead link]
- ^ Choi, Charles (2006). "Gibraltar". MSNBC. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/14817677/. Retrieved 8 January 2010.
- ^ Maurice Harvey (1996). Gibraltar. A History. Spellmount Limited. pp. 50–51. ISBN 1-86227-103-8.
- ^ Maurice Harvey (1996). Gibraltar. A History. Spellmount Limited. pp. 51–52. ISBN 1-86227-103-8.
- ^ William Godfrey Fothergill Jackson (1990). The Rock of the Gibraltarians: A History of Gibraltar. Gibraltar Books. p. 257. ISBN 978-0-948466-14-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=zmKTPwAACAAJ. Retrieved 18 April 2011.
- ^ Cahoon, Ben (2000). "Gibraltar". WorldStatesmen. http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Gibraltar.html. Retrieved 20 December 2007.
- ^ "Regions and territories: Gibraltar". British Broadcasting Corporation. 18 July 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/3851047.stm. Retrieved 20 December 2007.
- ^ Mark Oliver; Sally Bolton, Jon Dennis, Matthew Tempest (4 August 2004). "Gibraltar". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/gibraltar/story/0,,634007,00.html. Retrieved 20 December 2007.
- ^ Corrected transcript of evidence taken before the Foreign Affairs Select Committee; 28 March 2008; Answer to Question 257 by Jim Murphy: [T]he UK Government will never – "never" is a seldom-used word in politics – enter into an agreement on sovereignty without the agreement of the Government of Gibraltar and their people. In fact, we will never even enter into a process without that agreement.
- ^ "World Factbook". CIA. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gi.html. Retrieved 15 June 2010.
- ^ Parliament.uk, UK House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee 2007–2008 Report, pg 16
- ^ Telegraph.co.uk, David Blair, Gibraltar makes plans for self-government, Daily Telegraph, 28 February 2002 "GIBRALTAR'S parliament approved an ambitious package of constitutional reform yesterday designed to give the colony almost complete self-government."
- ^ "Gibraltar". Encyclopædia Britannica. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/233245/Gibraltar. Retrieved 18 August 2009. "Gibraltar is an overseas territory of the United Kingdom and is self-governing in all matters but defence."
- ^ "Laws of Gibraltar – On-line Service". Gibraltarlaws.gov.gi. http://www.gibraltarlaws.gov.gi/constitution.php. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
- ^ "The Gibraltar Parliament". Gibraltar.gov.gi. http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/the-gibraltar-parliament. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
- ^ TheCommonwealth.org, The Secretariat of the Commonwealth: "The governor represents the British monarch who is head of state and retains direct responsibility for all matters not specifically allocated to local ministers: principally external affairs, defence and internal security"
- ^ PriceWaterhouseCoopers, "About Gibraltar"
- ^ GPA.gi, Gibraltar Police Authority, About the Gibraltar Police Authority – Other Duties and Responsibilities – Accountability: "1. to be accountable to the Governor on policing aspects of national security including internal security (section 12); 2. to be accountable to the Government for those parts of the Annual Policing Plan which do not relate to national security (section 15)."
- ^ Gibraltar.gov.gi, Gibraltar Chief Minister’s address at the United Nations Committee of 24 on 5 June 2007: The new Constitution "maximises self Government in all areas of Governance except defence, external affairs and internal security which, under our own Constitution vest in the Governor as a matter of distribution of powers."
- ^ a b BBC News website, Regions and territories: Gibraltar "Gibraltar is self-governing in all areas except defence and foreign policy."
- ^ Legco.gov.hk, Page 6, "Lords of Appeal in Ordinary in the House of Lords are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of the Prime Minister, but the Lord Chancellor's opinion is generally sought. This method of appointment is a matter of practice and convention, not of written law."
- ^ The Committee Office, House of Commons. "Statement by the Minister for Europe". Publications.parliament.uk. http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/147/8032602.htm. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
- ^ "Gibraltar should join South West for elections to European Parliament". Electoral Commission. 28 August 2003. Archived from the original on 5 December 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071205011910/http://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/media-centre/newsreleasereviews.cfm/news/226. Retrieved 20 December 2007.
- ^ "Gibraltar Water Supply". AquaGib. http://www.aquagib.gi/gibraltar_water_supply.html. Retrieved 20 December 2007.
- ^ Gibraltar.gov.uk[dead link]
- ^ CIA Factbook – Geographic location
- ^ The Maltese Islands, Department of Information – Malta.
- ^ "Gibraltar Climate Guide". http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/gibraltar/gibraltar.php. Retrieved 5 June 2009.
- ^ "BBC Weather | Gibraltar". BBC News. 2010-01-29. http://news.bbc.co.uk/weather/forecast/46. Retrieved 2011-11-06.
- ^ C. Michael Hogan (2008) Barbary Macaque: Macaca sylvanus, Globaltwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Stromberg
- ^ Casciani, Dominic (22 July 2004). "Churchill sends telegram to protect apes". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/3917987.stm. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
- ^ Bruno Waterfield Whitehall gaffe 'gives Gibraltar's shores to Spain. The Daily Telegraph, 7 Nov 2009
- ^ Foreign and Commonwealth Office. Europe. Gibraltar (British Overseas Territory) Last reviewed: 6 May 2010. http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-by-country/country-profile/europe/gibraltar/?profile=economy
- ^ "Tax Information". Government of Gibraltar. http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/e-business/taxation. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
- ^ "Microsoft Word - 1983-13o.doc" (PDF). http://www.gibraltarlaws.gov.gi/articles/1983-13o.pdf. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
- ^ "Financial Services Commission". Fsc.gi. http://www.fsc.gi/fsc/home.htm. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
- ^ "Microsoft Word - 2007-03o.doc" (PDF). http://www.gibraltarlaws.gov.gi/articles/2007-03o.pdf. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
- ^ European Central Bank Monthly Bulletin, April 2006, page 96
- ^ a b "Currency Notes Act, Section 6". Government of Gibraltar. 11 May 1934. http://www.gibraltarlaws.gov.gi/articles/1934-06o.pdf. Retrieved 20 December 2007.
- ^ Managing a Global Enterprise, William R. Feist, James A. Heely, Min H. Lu, page 40
- ^ Currency Board Arrangements, Tomás J. T. Baliño, Charles Enoch, International Monetary Fund, page 1
- ^ Madge, A; A. Simons (June 2000). "Gibraltar". Guardian International Currency Corp. Archived from the original on 11 October 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071011135336/http://guardianfx.com/information/europe/gibraltar.html. Retrieved 20 December 2007.
- ^ Noble, John; Forsyth, Susan; Hardy, Paula; Hannigan, Des (2005). Andalucía. Lonely Planet. p. 221. ISBN 978-1-74059-676-3.
- ^ Statistics Office, Government of Gibraltar: Abstract of Statistics 2008[dead link]
- ^ Archer, Edward G.: Gibraltar, identity and empire. Routledge Advances in European Politics
- ^ Census of Gibraltar 2001.[dead link]
- ^ "Culture of Gibraltar". Everyculture. http://www.everyculture.com/Ge-It/Gibraltar.html#orientation. Retrieved 5 October 2007.
- ^ "Gibraltar Ethnologue profile". Ethnologue. http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=eng#Gibraltar. Retrieved 21 September 2007.
- ^ "Gibraltar Census 2001" [1]
- ^ "Gibraltar Methodist Church". The Methodist Church. http://www.methodist.org.gi/. Retrieved 30 October 2007.
- ^ "2001 Census". Official Government of Gibraltar London website. http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/images/stories/PDF/statistics/Census/census_of_gibraltar_2001.pdf. Retrieved 10 April 2012.
- ^ "Education & Training". Government of Gibraltar. 7 April 2003. http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/gov_depts/education/education_index.htm. Retrieved 20 December 2007. [dead link]
- ^ "Gibraltar Health". TravelPuppy. http://travelpuppy.com/gibraltar/health.htm. Retrieved 20 December 2007.
- ^ "Gibraltar Health Authority". Gha.gi. http://www.gha.gi/httpdocs/index.htm. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
- ^ "Gibraltar: Fact File". Birmingham UK International Directory – Gibraltar. http://www.birminghamuk.com/cities/gibinfo.htm. Retrieved 31 August 2007.
- ^ Yborra Aznar, José Juan (2004). "La ciudad perdida: Gibraltar en la obra de Héctor Licudi" (in Spanish). Eúphoros (7): 317–326. ISSN 1575-0205. http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/oaiart?codigo=1973665.
- ^ Mascarenhas, Alice. "Always a Pleasure to Perform in Gibraltar". The Gibraltar Chronicle. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070928050953/http://www.chronicle.gi/Features/Charles+Ramirez/charles+ramirez.htm. Retrieved 20 December 2007.
- ^ "Newsletter No". Friends of Gibraltar Heritage Society. 70 November 2004. Archived from the original on 1 December 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071201121115/http://www.foghs.org.uk/nl/70.pdf. Retrieved 20 December 2007.
- ^ Munro, Jim (26 January 2007). "UEFA snub the Rock". London: The Sun. http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/sport/football/article29250.ece.
- ^ "Communiqué of the ministerial meeting of the forum of dialogue on Gibraltar". Government of Gibraltar. 18 September 2006. http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/pensions/Ministerial_Statement.pdf. Retrieved 17 October 2008. [dead link]
- ^ Government of Gibraltar (18 September 2006). "Trilateral Forum. Ministerial Statement on Pensions". http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/latest_news/press_releases/2006/Ministerial_Statement_On_Pensions.pdf. Retrieved 17 October 2008.
- ^ "Press Release. Airport Agreement". Government of Gibraltar. 18 September 2006. http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/latest_news/press_releases/2006/271-2006.pdf. Retrieved 17 October 2008. [dead link]
- ^ "Spain restores Gibraltar air link". British Broadcasting Corporation. 16 December 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/rss/-/2/hi/europe/6198314.stm. Retrieved 20 December 2007.
- ^ Government of Gibraltar. "Press Release: Government of Gibraltar Reaction to GB Sale". http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/latest_news/press_releases/2007/239-2007.pdf. Retrieved 16 October 2008.
- ^ "Regional Andalusia airline begins Gibraltar-Madrid airbridge". MercoPress. http://en.mercopress.com/2009/04/30/regional-andalusia-airline-begins-gibraltar-madrid-airbridge. Retrieved 9 March 2010.
- ^ "Andalus drops Gibraltar". Panorama.gi. http://www.panorama.gi/localnews/headlines.php?action=view_article&article=5758&offset=0. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
- ^ Government of Gibraltar. "Press Release: New Air Terminal, tunnel under the runway and new road leading to all parts of Gibraltar north of the runway". http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/latest_news/press_releases/2007/111-2007.pdf. Retrieved 17 October 2008. and images of the proposals: "Press Release: New Terminal Building". http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/latest_news/press_releases/2007/111-2007-images.pdf. Retrieved 17 October 2008.
- ^ "The Chief Minister presented the plans for an ambitious new terminal building for Gibraltar Airport". 7 Days Gibraltar. http://www.7daysgibraltar.com/article.php?id=655. Retrieved 21 December 2007.
- ^ The Committee Office, House of Commons. "Frontier restrictions". Publications.parliament.uk. http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm199899/cmselect/cmfaff/366/36605.htm. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
- ^ Scotsman.com News: Spanish seal border as virus ship docks, retrieved 16 October 2007
- ^ "Fishermen block frontier". Panorama.gi. http://www.panorama.gi/localnews/headlines.php?action=view_article&article=1615. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
- ^ New ferry 'repairs 40 year gap' says Spanish Diplomat, Gibraltar Chronicle, 17 December 2009
- ^ "HIVE Location overview – Gibraltar". Ministry of Defence. December 2007. http://www.mod.uk/NR/rdonlyres/1B9B3D6A-1D09-49B1-9209-3AE16C1614F8/0/20080201_gibraltar_lo.pdf. Retrieved January 2010.
- ^ "House of Commons Hansard Written Answers". Parliament of the United Kingdom. 9 November 1999. http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/cm199798/cmhansrd/vo981109/text/81109w21.htm. Retrieved 20 December 2007.
- ^ Giles Tremlett in Madrid (24 July 2004). "Guardian.co.uk". The Guardian (UK). http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2004/jul/24/gibraltar.falklands. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
- ^ Vest, Jason; Wayne Madsen (1 March 1999). "Foreign-operated accommodation site that provides occasional SIGINT product to the USSS". http://jya.com/nsa-scs.htm. Retrieved 20 December 2007.
- ^ "Early 20th century communications interception in Spain: a historical perspective". Statewatch. http://www.statewatch.org/news/2004/aug/10spain-gib-comint.htm. Retrieved 20 December 2007.
- ^ Searle, Dominique (12 May 2009). "Gibraltar-Madeira Twinning". Gibraltar Chronicle. http://www.chronicle.gi/headlines_details.php?id=16040. Retrieved 27 May 2009.
- ^ "Gibraltar Twinned". madeira4u. 15 May 2009. http://www.madeira4u.com/blog.html/4163. Retrieved 27 May 2009.
- ^ Searle, Dominique (27 May 2009). "Twinned". Gibraltar Chronicle. http://www.chronicle.gi/headlines_details.php?id=16201. Retrieved 27 May 2009.
- ^ "Mayor set for Gibraltar – Ballymena twinning". Gibraltar News Online. 25 April 2006. http://www.gibraltarnewsonline.com/2006/04/25/mayor-set-for-gibraltar-ballymena-twinning/. Retrieved 20 December 2007.
- ^ "Newsletter No 24". Friends of Gibraltar Heritage Society. October 2005. Archived from the original on 1 December 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071201121105/http://www.foghs.org.uk/nl/74.pdf. Retrieved 20 December 2007.
Bibliography[link]
- Abulafia, David (2011). The Great Sea: A Human History of the Mediterranean. London: Allen Lane. ISBN 978-0-7139-9934-1. http://books.google.com/books?id=dKcQPBV0UdQC.
- Bond, Peter (2003). "Gibraltar's Finest Hour The Great Siege 1779–1783". 300 Years of British Gibraltar 1704–2004 (1st ed.). Gibraltar: Peter-Tan Publishing Co.. pp. 28–29.
- Chartrand, René (July 2006). Gibraltar 1779–1783: The Great Siege. Patrice Courcelle (1st ed.). Gibraltar: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-977-6. http://www.ospreypublishing.com/title_detail.php/title=S9770.
- Drinkwater, John: A history of the siege of Gibraltar, 1779–1783: With a description and account of that garrison from the earliest periods London, 1862.
- Falkner, James: FIRE OVER THE ROCK: The Great Siege of Gibraltar 1779–1783, Pen and Sword, 2009
- Harvey, Robert: A Few Bloody Noses: The American War of Independence, London, 2001
- Rodger, N. A. M.: The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain, 1649–1815, London, 2006
- Norwich, John Julius: The Middle Sea: a history of the Mediterranean, Random House, 2006
- Sugden, John: Nelson: A Dream of Glory, London, 2004
- Syrett, David: Admiral Lord Howe: A Biography, London, 2006.
- Maria Monti, Ángel: Historia de Gibraltar: dedicada a SS. AA. RR., los serenisimos señores Infantes Duques de Montpensier, Imp. Juan Moyano, 1852
- Maria Montero, Francisco: Historia de Gibraltar y de su campo, Imprenta de la Revista Médica, 1860
- Uxó Palasí, José: Referencias en torno al bloqueo naval durante los asedios, Almoraima. n.º 34, 2007
External links[link]
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- Interactive Map of Gibraltar
- Gibraltar.com – Complete information portal for Gibraltar
- Government of Gibraltar
- TheGibraltarian.com – Startpage of Gibraltar: TV, Radio, News, Chatroulette, Forum, Map, Links
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Coordinates: 36°08′35″N 5°21′11″W / 36.143°N 5.353°W / 36.143; -5.353lez:Гибралтар
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Beauty pageant titleholder | |
 Miss World 2009, Kaiane Aldorino at the Shanghai Expo, 10 August 2010 |
|
| Born | Kaiane Aldorino (1986-07-08) 8 July 1986 (age 25) Gibraltar |
|---|---|
| Occupation | Human resources clerk |
| Height | 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) |
| Hair color | Brown |
| Eye color | Brown |
| Title(s) | Miss Gibraltar 2009 Miss World 2009 |
| Major competition(s) |
Miss Gibraltar 2009 (Winner) Miss World 2009 (Winner) (Miss World Europe) (Miss World Beach Beauty) |
Kaiane Aldorino, GMH (born 8 July 1986) is a Gibraltarian beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Gibraltar 2009 and Miss World the same year in Johannesburg, South Africa.[1] She was the first Miss Gibraltar ever to reach the semifinals of the Miss World beauty pageant.[2]
Contents |
Personal life[link]
Aldorino was born in Gibraltar where she still resides. Prior to becoming Miss Gibraltar 2009, she had been working as a human resources clerk at St Bernard's Hospital in Gibraltar for five years.[3][4]
As with most Gibraltarians she is bilingual, speaking both English and Spanish.[5] She enjoys playing netball and training at the gym.[4]
She has been a dancer since the age of 14 with Urban Dance Group, and has experience performing locally and abroad. She has performed in Gibraltar and Spain, and has trained in Modern, Hiphop, Contemporary and Commercial styles[citation needed]. The highlight of her dancing career, and an experience she has mentioned for many Miss World interviews, has been when she participated at the 2008 International Dance Organisation World Showdance Championships, in Riesa, Germany, where she represented Gibraltar in the Formation category as part of the Gibraltar National Dance Team.[4] They obtained a 17th place, and made history by being the first time Gibraltar passed the first round, in the Formation category.[6]
Miss Gibraltar 2009[link]
On 27 June 2009, Aldorino was crowned Miss Gibraltar 2009, succeeding Krystle Robba, during a beauty pageant held at the Alameda Open Air Theatre.[3]
Miss World 2009[link]
Main article: Miss World 2009
Aldorino made history on the 12 December 2009 by becoming the first ever Miss Gibraltar to be crowned Miss World.[1] She was also the first Gibraltarian contestant to have reached the beauty pageant's semifinals after receiving the title of Miss World Beach Beauty.[7]
Shortly after Aldorino was crowned by her predecessor, Ksenia Sukhinova of Russia, Gibraltar burst into celebration as many Gibraltarians took to the streets. The masses waved the Flag of Gibraltar and chanted in jubilation as cars hooted their horns and fireworks were set off.[8] Chief Minister of Gibraltar Peter Caruana hailed her win as a "wonderful achievement for her and for Gibraltar" and promised a "homecoming fit for a queen".[7]
During her reign, Aldorino traveled to United Kingdom, Gibraltar, Japan, Brunei, Hong Kong, Canada, United States, Spain, Germany, Korea, Italy, Indonesia, South Africa, Ireland, and China.
Homecoming[link]
On 15 December 2009, the Government of Gibraltar announced Kaiane would be flown into Gibraltar from London on a private jet the following afternoon.[9] On 16 December 2009, the Government issued a press release in which it detailed the events that would take place upon Kaiane's arrival. These included a public greeting at Gibraltar Airport a parade through Main Street, where Kaiane would ride in the same open-top car as Diana, Princess of Wales and Prince Charles during their honeymoon visit to Gibraltar.[10] On 17 December 2009 Gibraltar came to a standstill as she paraded down Main Street preceded by the band of the Royal Gibraltar Regiment and then appeared at the City Hall balcony. This was followed by a press conference and reception at the Rock Hotel. The celebrations culminated with a fireworks display from Gibraltar Harbour.[11] The government also requested all businesses in Gibraltar who were reasonably able to do so to close between 4pm and 6pm on this day to allow their staff to take part in the welcoming celebrations.[11]
Awards[link]
On 7 July 2011, Aldorino was the invested with both the Freedom of the City of Gibraltar and the Gibraltar Medallion of Honour by a unanimous vote in the Gibraltar Parliament. The motion which was tabled by Chief Minister of Gibraltar Peter Caruana recognised her:
| “ | extraordinary personal achievement in becoming Miss World 2009 and … the enormous pride and global recognition that her achievement has represented for Gibraltar as a whole. | ” |
Aldorino became the first woman to receive the Freedom of the City in Gibraltar.[12]
External links[link]
Gallery[link]
-
Miss World 2009 Kaiane Aldorino at Gibraltar Airport during her homecoming, 17 December 2010.
References[link]
- ^ a b Gibraltar Chronicle - Breaking news: Miss Gibraltar wins Miss World! Chief Minister promises 'Royal' welcome for Kaiane
- ^ Gibraltar Chronicle - Kaiane takes Gibraltar into the first ever Miss World final
- ^ a b Gibraltar Chronicle - Kaiane Aldorino is crowned Miss Gibraltar 2009
- ^ a b c Miss World Profile
- ^ Times Online - Rocky claim to fame for Britain as Kaiane Aldorino from Gibraltar wins Miss World
- ^ 7 Days - Gibraltar in four finals at the World Showdance Championships
- ^ a b Gibraltar Chronicle - Kaiane takes Gibraltar into first eve Miss World Final
- ^ Gibraltar Chronicle - Gibraltar shouts WOW! with joy as Kaiane grabs Miss World title
- ^ Gibraltar Chronicle - Our Miss World comes home to Rock welcome this Thursday
- ^ Government of Gibraltar Press Release - Miss World 2009, Kaiane Aldorino (Miss Gibraltar) Welcome Home Celebration
- ^ a b Government of Gibraltar Press Release - Miss World Homecoming
- ^ "Kaiane Receives Rock's Top Accolades For Miss World Triumph". Gibraltar Chronicle. 8 July 2011. http://www.chronicle.gi/headlines_details.php?id=22195. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
| Awards and achievements | ||
|---|---|---|
Preceded by Ksenia Sukhinova |
Miss World Europe 2009 |
Succeeded by Emma Britt Waldron |
Preceded by Anagabriela Espinoza |
Miss World Beach Beauty 2009 |
Succeeded by Yara Lasanta |
| Preceded by Krystle Robba |
Miss Gibraltar 2009 |
Succeeded by Larissa Dalli |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Kaiane Aldorino |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Aldorino, Kaiane |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Miss World 2009 |
| Date of birth | 8 July 1986 |
| Place of birth | Gibraltar |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Kaiane_Aldorino
Related pages:
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
Not to be confused with the American jazz musician Jessy J.
| Jessie J | |
|---|---|
 Jessie J at the O2 Arena in London in 2011. |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Jessica Ellen Cornish |
| Also known as | Jessie J |
| Born | (1988-03-27) 27 March 1988 (age 24) Chadwell Heath, London, England, United Kingdom |
| Genres | pop, hip hop, R&B, dance-pop, soul |
| Years active | 2005–present |
| Labels | Lava, Universal Republic, Island, Gut |
| Website | jessiejofficial.com |
Jessica Ellen Cornish (born 27 March 1988), better known by her stage name Jessie J, is an English singer and songwriter. Born and raised in London, she studied at the BRIT School before signing with Gut Records and striking a songwriting deal with Sony/ATV Music Publishing where she wrote for artists such as Chris Brown and Miley Cyrus.
Signed with Universal, Jessie J came to prominence following the release of her debut single "Do It Like a Dude" which peaked at number two on the UK Singles Charts. After scoring her first number one in the United Kingdom, France, Ireland and New Zealand with the song "Price Tag", she released her debut album Who You Are (2011) which charted at number two in the UK. Other releases from the album include "Nobody's Perfect", "Who's Laughing Now" and "Who You Are" which charted within the top 20 in the UK but the release of fifth single "Domino" spawned international chart success, peaking at number 6 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the US, and becoming her second UK number one. Aside from her musical career, Jessie J is currently a coach and mentor on television show The Voice UK.
Citing various influences, Jessie J is recognized for an unconventional musical and performance style[1][2] that mixes her soul voice with contemporary R&B, pop, and hip-hop influences. Jessie J has garnered various awards and nominations for her contributions to the music industry, including the 2011 Critics' Choice BRIT Award and the BBC's Sound of 2011. As of April 2012, Jessie has sold over 11 million singles and 2.5 million records worldwide.[3][4]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Jessie J was born Jessica Ellen Cornish in Chadwell Heath, London,[5] daughter of Stephen Cornish and Rose Cornish (née Archer). She was educated at Mayfield High School in the London Borough of Redbridge. She attended Colin's Performing Arts School and as an 11-year old-was cast in Andrew Lloyd Webber's West End production of Whistle Down the Wind.[6][7][8] Jessie has two sisters, who are five and seven years older than her, who were both head girls at school. Unlike her academic sisters, Cornish has stated she was "never really that good at anything". She said, "At school they were like 'oh, you're a Cornish girl' and they kind of expected me to be the same as my sisters. Give me something to draw or an outfit to pick for someone, or hair, make-up, acting, write a song, I'm fine with it, but anything to do with sums – it was never my thing." She also said she never based her intelligence on her exam results.[9] She also said she was always good at singing and it was her "thing". At the age of 16 she began studying at the BRIT School and at 17 she joined a girl group named Soul Deep.[10] She graduated in the class of 2006 along with singers Adele and Leona Lewis.[11] At 18 she suffered a stroke.[12]
Music career[link]
2006–2010: Career beginnings[link]
Jessie J was signed to Gut Records, recording an album for the label, but the company went bankrupt before any material was released.[8][10] She then found success as a songwriter, gaining a Sony ATV publishing contract.[13] She was also the support act for Cyndi Lauper during Lauper's UK dates of her 2008 Bring Ya To The Brink tour (Lauper invited J to join her on stage for the performances of "Girls Just Want To Have Fun"). Jessie has also written lyrics for artists such as Chris Brown and Miley Cyrus, including "Party in the U.S.A.".[14][15] Jessie J was also part of a girl band, called Soul Deep, for two years, however she left due to thoughts that "it wasn't going anywhere". Despite people thinking that her first notoriety was through YouTube, Jessie was signed for four years before her first video was posted. Jessie first came to the attention of Lava Records when her publisher at Sony/ATV, Rich Christina, sent Lava president Jason Flom a link to her MySpace page, which the record executive loved.[16] After seeing an impressive U.S. showcase, Lava was, along with several other labels, keen to sign the artist but progress was hampered by her management's insistence on, what Flom called, a "crazy deal", and their refusal to let Jessie speak to any labels directly.[16] Despite this, Senior Director of A&R at Lava, Harinder Rana, made surreptitious efforts to meet Jessie on her own in winter of 2008. Later in the year a change in management to Sarah Stennett and Nadia Khan of Crown Music allowed record deal negotiations to take place. Jessie eventually signed with Lava as part of a joint venture with Universal Republic.[16]
[edit] 2010–2012: Who You Are
Jessie J began recording her debut studio album in 2006 and it was completed on 19 January 2011.[17][18] She revealed that "Big White Room" would be on the album and was written from an experience she had when she was 11 years old, although she wrote the song at age 17, in hospital, where a ward mate, a little boy, died.[19] Jessie J says the album's title track, "Who You Are", is one of her proudest creations, she said the song is a "positive role model for young people" and "I always say that I'm half-artist, half-therapist".[19] In late 2010 Jessie J released her first single, "Do It Like a Dude" which was co-written with George Astasio, Tj Normandin, Jason Pebworth, Jon Shave, Kyle Abrahams and Peter Ighile. Originally, she wrote the song with Rihanna in mind because "Rude Boy" was released at the time, partly inspiring the song. She then sent the song to her label, Island Records, before sending it to Rihanna's management. Island insisted the song become Jessie J's first single.[20] She wishes to perform the song with Rihanna at one point.[21] The single gained positive reception from critics.[22] The single charted at number two on the UK Singles Charts. Her follow-up single "Price Tag" was released in late January 2011. This was written by Jessie J, Lukasz Gottwald, Claude Kelly, and Bobby Ray Simmons, Jr. and charted at number one in the top of the charts. "Price Tag" was released in the United States on 1 February 2011 and peaked at 23 on the Billboard Hot 100.[23] "Price Tag" also charted at number-one in New Zealand and Ireland and is the most successful online video J has released. As of October 2011, the video has generated over 148 million views on Youtube and Vevo, making it the 22nd most viewed music video of all time.[24][25] Her first American television appearance was as the musical guest on the 12 March 2011 episode of NBC's Saturday Night Live.[26]
On 25 February 2011 her debut album, Who You Are, was released.[27] The album first entered the charts on 6 March 2011 where it charted on the UK Album Charts at number two. The album charted into the top ten in a number of countries and number 11 in the United States.[28] After the release she went on to release a third single from the album, "Nobody's Perfect".[29] MTV reported that the single is, so far, only confirmed for release in the United Kingdom.[30] The album's fourth single was "Who's Laughing Now". "Domino" was her second US single.[31] The Dr. Luke-produced track was sent to mainstream radio on 6 September 2011.[32] With the success of Who You Are in North America, Jessie was chosen to tour as the opening act for American pop artist Katy Perry's California Dreams Tour in 2011 but after she was unable to fully recover from her injuries during rehearsals she was forced to pull out under the doctor's orders.[33] Jessie J served as the house artist at the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards, performing several of her original songs along with covers around commercial breaks.[34]
James Morrison's third studio album, The Awakening features a collaboration with Jessie J called "Up", the song was released as a single on 4 December 2011. Jessie J re-released "Who You Are" on 9 November 2011, featuring the regular tracks plus "Domino" and two new songs. "Domino" became her first top 10 hit in the U.S., following the success of "Price Tag". The song also peaked at number 1 in January 2012 in the UK, before it was even officially released there.
[edit] 2012–present: Second studio album and The Voice
On 4 October 2011, Jessie announced that she will be one of four coaches for new BBC program, The Voice UK.[35] The show was announced after the success of the US version, The Voice. It premiered in March 2012 on BBC One. It will be presented by Holly Willoughby and Reggie Yates, with will.i.am (of The Black Eyed Peas), Tom Jones and Danny O'Donoghue (of The Script) joining Jessie on the coaching panel.[36] The first stage of the competition, The Blind auditions, began in London on 18 January 2012 at the BBC Television Centre and finished filming on 22 January 2012. The winner will receive £100,000 and a record deal with Universal Republic. It was also reported that the 4 coaches recorded a cover of the Black Eyed Peas song, "I Gotta Feeling", and will release an accompanying music video to help promote the show.[37]
On 31 January 2012, Jessie announced that she had begun recording for her second studio album.[38] She also stated that she hopes to collaborate with many artists this year, possibly including some of her fellow coaches on The Voice.[39] It was revealed that she has worked in the studio with Cee-Lo Green after he tweeted her on twitter. Jessie has also revealed on twitter that she has worked with Diane Warren as well as reuniting in the studio with her 'Price Tag' co-writer Claude Kelly.
Jessie will embark on her first arena tour in March 2013. Via microblogging website, Twitter, Jessie J confirmed the tour will be called Nice to Meet You Tour.[40]
Personal life[link]
In early 2011 she suffered a panic attack on stage after she was forced to perform in the dark. "I did a gig recently and had a panic attack on stage," she told NOW. "The night was called 'Black Out' and I had to perform in the dark. I asked them to turn on the lights and they didn't. I was onstage in pitch black and, because I couldn't see anything, I started to panic. It was awful."[41]
Jessie J is bisexual and stated in an interview on the "In Demand" radio show on 3 March 2011, "I've never denied it. Whoopie doo guys, yes, I've dated girls and I've dated boys – get over it."[42][43] However, in April 2012 The Sun outed her as homosexual which she denied via Twitter, calling it a "yet another boring untrue story".[44] According to The Guardian, Jessie J's sexuality is valuable to young teens, especially for young girls unsure of themselves because of their sexuality and identity, to feel "that this does happen and this is normal."[45]
On 12 June 2011 at the Capital Radio Summertime Ball, Jessie ruptured several tendons in her foot during rehearsals, and performed her set the following day while sitting on a gilded throne.[46] For her appearance at Glastonbury Festival 2011 on 25 June 2011, she performed on the throne again, claiming her physician had told her not to perform with her broken foot which would take six weeks to heal.[47] Jessie J was scheduled to play at several festivals throughout the summer, however it was reported on 1 July 2011 that she would not be able to attend T in the Park, T4 On The Beach, Wembley:Orange, iTunes Festival, Lovebox and Oxegen due to the injuries to her foot. Jessie J personally tweeted before surgery; "Keep making nervous jokes with the doctor and he keeps looking at me blankly. Which is making me laugh even more. It's getting serious. I just took my nose stud out." Tweeting after the surgery, she wrote: "Can't keep tweeting. Still very dizzy and being sick. But I'm OK, I got through it." Her record label released an official statement on 30 June 2011 that under strict orders from her doctor, she will not be able to perform for a number of weeks so she can heal and recuperate properly.[48] She returned to the concert circuit in late August, including sets at the V Festival[49] and The Big Chill. For the 2011 VMA's she was still in a cast and using the throne to keep off it.
Jessie J confirmed on 2 August 2011 that she would be shaving her hair off for charity in 2012. Speaking via her official Twitter account she said: "It’s hair, It will grow back. Even if it takes 2 years, if it saves lives it’s worth it. Even if its 1 life that’s something."[50]
Artistry and voice[link]
Although she was first identified as a soul singer, she primarily records songs of contemporary R&B and pop music with hip-hop influences.
Music critic Matthew Perpetua of Pitchfork Media compared Jessie J to her peers Adele and Amy Winehouse, but suggested she was missing something: "Whereas Adele and Winehouse also have powerhouse voices, they fit into clear aesthetic niches and invest their songs with depth and humanity. Jessie J doesn't have even a fraction of their restraint." Perpetua added: "Her idea of showcasing her gift is to shoot for a blaring melisma on "Mamma Knows Best" that makes Christina Aguilera seem as subtle as Joni Mitchell by comparison."[51]
Ailbhe Malone of the music magazine NME also recognized Cornish's "undeniably potent voice". However, she pointed out the possible "identity crisis" that might have been caused by Jessie's songwriter past: "This is an album of singles for other artists. There’s Rihanna Jessie (‘Do It...’), Perry Jessie (‘Abracadabra’), Pixie Jessie (‘Mamma Knows Best’), Ellie Jessie ('Big White Room')."[52]
Caroline Sullivan of The Guardian shared her positive opinion about the singer, saying that "if any singer has the potential to be the British Katy Perry or Pink, with the accompanying millions of sales, it's her". Sullivan also complimented Cornish's attitude: "[Her songs] are delivered with a confidence that money can't buy."[53]
Entertainment Weekly's music critic Adam Markovitz said of Jessie: "The 23-year-old Brit has all the tools, from a monster voice to an ear for hooks — she co-wrote Miley Cyrus' 'Party in the U.S.A.' — and a manic persona that's equal parts Katy Perry, Kristin Chenoweth, and Alice Cooper."[54]
Discography[link]
Main article: Jessie J discography
- Who You Are (2011)
Concert tours[link]
- Headlining
- Stand Up Tour (2011)
- Heartbeat Tour (2011-12)
- Nice To Meet You Tour (2013)
Filmography[link]
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2012 | The Voice UK | Herself | Coach[35] |
Awards and nominations[link]
Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Jessie J
References[link]
- ^ "Alnwick date for The Voice star Jessie J". Northumberland Gazette. Johnston Publishing Ltd. 26 April 2012. http://www.northumberlandgazette.co.uk/news/local-news/alnwick-date-for-the-voice-star-jessie-j-1-4484361. Retrieved 21 May 2012.
- ^ Daniel, Brian. "Jessie J to headline Alnwick Castle outdoor show". The Journal. ncjMedia Limited.. http://www.journallive.co.uk/north-east-news/todays-news/2012/04/26/jessie-j-to-headline-alnwick-castle-outdoor-show-61634-30841397/. Retrieved 21 May 2012.
- ^ Corner, Lewis (13 April 2012). "Jessie J debut album 'Who You Are' spawns 12 million record sales". Digital Spy. Hearst Magazines. http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a376276/jessie-j-debut-album-who-you-are-spawns-12-million-record-sales.html. Retrieved 21 May 2012.
- ^ "Jessie J makes UK chart history with Laserlight". http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/music-news/9220856/Jessie-J-makes-UK-chart-history-with-Laserlight.html. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
- ^ O'Brien, Jon. "Jessie J biography". allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/jessie-j-p2298901/biography. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
- ^ "Sound of 2011: Jessie J", BBC. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
- ^ Llewellyn Smith, Caspar (2010) "One to watch: Jessie J", The Observer, 31 October 2010. Retrieved 1 November 2010.
- ^ a b Lester, Paul (2010) "New band of the Day No. 902: Jessie J", The Guardian, 4 November 2010, retrieved 7 December 2010
- ^ "Jessie J Talks about School life". The Independent (London). 20 January 2011. http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/jessie-j--the-girl-from-essex-who-plans-to-take-the-pop-world-by-storm-2155567.html. Retrieved 28 January 2011.
- ^ a b Cochrane, Greg (2010) "Introducing...Jessie J", BBC, 23 November 2010. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
- ^ "What a difference nine years makes... The fresh-faced girl aged 15 who became Jessie J". Daily Mail. Retrieved 20 May 2012
- ^ Youngs, Ian (6 January 2011). "BBC Sound of 2011: Jessie J". BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-12127693. Retrieved 17 December 2011.
- ^ Leeuwis, Jermy (2010) "Jessie J to release Who You Are", musicremedy.com, retrieved 20 February 2011
- ^ "Jessie J Says She Wrote Britney Spears A 'Very Diva-Ish' Song: British singer/songwriter wants Spears to show off her 'iconic' status". MTV News. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1655987/jessie-j-wrote-britney-spears-very-divaish-song.jhtml. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
- ^ "Jessie J: I'm proud of Britney song". MSN. 25 March 2011. http://music.uk.msn.com/news/articles.aspx?cp-documentid=156676963. Retrieved 6 October 2011.
- ^ a b c "Interview with Jason Flom". HitQuarters. 1 June 2011. http://www.hitquarters.com/index.php3?page=intrview/opar/intrview_FlomJ.html. Retrieved 17 June 2011.
- ^ Twitlonger on Twitter by Jessie J's official Twitter. 19 January 2011
- ^ Twitter - by Jessie J via Jessie J's official Twitter. 19 January 2011
- ^ a b "Jessie J Talks about School life". Misformusic.com. 20 January 2011. http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/jessie-j--the-girl-from-essex-who-plans-to-take-the-pop-world-by-storm-2155567.html. Retrieved 28 January 2011.
- ^ "Jessie J Glad She Kept Rihanna Song for Herself". Rap-Up. 6 January 2011. http://www.rap-up.com/2011/01/06/jessie-j-glad-she-kept-rihanna-song-for-herself/. Retrieved 9 February 2011.
- ^ Barnes, Marcus (27 April 2011). "Jessie J takes her roadshow to Canada with another raunchy television performance". Daily Mail. Associated Newspapers Ltd. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1380727/Jessie-J-takes-roadshow-Canada-raunchy-television-performance.html?ito=feeds-newsxml. Retrieved 3 May 2011.
- ^ Singles Review – Jessie J: 'Do It Like a Dude'. Digital Spy (22 November 2010). Retrieved on 24 January 2011.
- ^ Jessie J Chart History, Billboard
- ^ "Jessie J - Price Tag ft. B.o.B.". JessieJVEVO; Universal Republic. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qMxX-QOV9tI&ob=av2e. Retrieved 6 October 2011.
- ^ "Most Viewed Videos of All Time". VEVO. http://www.vevo.com/videos#?order=MostViewedAllTime. Retrieved 6 October 2011.
- ^ Vena, Jocelyn (11 March 2011). "Jessie J Teases B.o.B 'Saturday Night Live' Performance". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1659602/jessie-j-b-o-b-price-tag-snl-performance.jhtml. Retrieved 29 May 2011.
- ^ News item at official website for Jessie J
- ^ Billboard Jesse J chart history
- ^ Love, Ryan (28 February 2011accessdate=6 October 2011). "Jessie J reveals next single choice". Digital Spy. http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a306208/jessie-j-reveals-next-single-choice.html.
- ^ Patterson, Joseph (28 February 2011). "JESSIE J REVEALS NEXT SINGLE!". MTV. http://www.mtv.co.uk/music/urban/260042-jessie-j-reveals-next-single. Retrieved 6 October 2011.
- ^ Still, Jennifer (17 August 2011). "Jessie J unveils new track 'Domino' - Listen". Digital Spy. http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a335495/jessie-j-unveils-new-track-domino-listen.html. Retrieved 6 October 2011.
- ^ Top 40/M Future Releases | Mainstream Hit Songs Being Released and Their Release Dates ...:
- ^ "Jessie J pulls out of Katy Perry tour". 21 September 2011 (The Independent UK). http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/jessie-j-pulls-out-of-katy-perry-tour-2358501.html. Retrieved 23 January 2012.
- ^ "Jessie J Is Going To 'Wild Out' As she was the VMA House Artist". MTV.com. 26 August 2011. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1669783/jessie-j-video-music-awards-house-artist.jhtml. Retrieved 30 August 2011.
- ^ a b "Jessie J revealed as coach on BBC programme The Voice". Newsbeat. BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/15165715. Retrieved 4 October 2011.
- ^ "BBC One - The Voice UK". Bbc.co.uk. http://www.bbc.co.uk/thevoiceuk/. Retrieved 26 February 2012.
- ^ "The Voice UK coaches to release ‘I’ve Gotta Feeling’ music video | The Voice UK". Telly Mix. 6 February 2012. http://tellymix.co.uk/reality-tv/the-voice/71653-the-voice-uk-coaches-to-release-ive-gotta-feeling-music-video.html. Retrieved 26 February 2012.
- ^ "Jessie J Heads Back To The Recording Studio". Capital FM. 31 January 2012. http://www.capitalfm.com/artists/jessie-j/news/recording-second-album/. Retrieved 26 February 2012.
- ^ "The Voice UK: Jessie J wants to team up with Will.i.am on new song | The Voice UK". Telly Mix. 4 February 2012. http://tellymix.co.uk/reality-tv/the-voice/72261-the-voice-uk-jessie-j-wants-to-team-up-with-will-i-am-on-new-song.html. Retrieved 26 February 2012.
- ^ Twitter - by Jessie J via Jessie J's official Twitter. 21 May 2012
- ^ Copsey, Robert. "Jessie J suffers on stage panic attack". http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a305418/jessie-j-suffers-on-stage-panic-attack.html. Retrieved 23 February 2011.
- ^ "Jessie J: “I’ve Dated Girls And Boys…"". MTV. 25 February 2011. http://www.mtv.co.uk/news/jessie-j/259667-jessie-j-bisexual-dates-girls-and-boys. Retrieved 13 October 2011.
- ^ Levine, Nick (24 February 2011). "Jessie J confirms she is bisexual". Digital Spy. http://www.digitalspy.com/celebrity/news/a305681/jessie-j-confirms-she-is-bisexual.html. Retrieved 13 October 2011.
- ^ "I'm not bisexual: Jessie J". MSN. 23 April 2012. http://entertainment.in.msn.com/hollywood/article.aspx?cp-documentid=6047599. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
- ^ Wilkinson, Sophie (20 April 2012). "Why Jessie J's sexuality is valuable to young teens". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2012/apr/20/jessie-j-sexuality-valuable-young-teens. Retrieved 30 April 2012.
- ^ McConnell, Donna; Jody Thompson (13 June 2011). "Do it like a trouper! Jessie J soldiers on to perform at Summertime Ball despite badly injuring her foot in rehearsals". The Daily Mail. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2002853/Jessie-J-performs-Summertime-Baell-despite-badly-injuring-foot-rehearsals.html. Retrieved 27 June 2011.
- ^ Thompson, Jody (27 June 2011). "That's one way to keep out of the mud! Jessie J keeps her broken foot dry as she performs on a gilded throne at Glastonbury". The Daily Mail. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2008126/GLASTONBURY-FESTIVAL-2011-Jessie-J-keeps-broken-foot-dry-performs-gilded-throne.html. Retrieved 27 June 2011.
- ^ Fulton, Rick. "Jessie J cancels T in the Park appearance after surgery on broken foot". Daily Record. Daily Record. http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/2011/07/01/jessie-j-cancels-t-in-the-park-appearance-after-surgery-on-broken-foot-86908-23239577/. Retrieved 1 July 2011.
- ^ "Jessie J Turns Purple at U.K. Festival". Rap-Up.com. 20 August 2011. http://www.rap-up.com/2011/08/20/jessie-j-turns-purple-at-uk-festival/. Retrieved 30 August 2011.
- ^ "Jessie J To Shave Head For Charity". Look to the Stars. http://www.looktothestars.org/news/6705-jessie-j-to-shave-head-for-charity. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
- ^ Perpetua, Matthew (25 March 2011). "Jessie J: Who You Are | Album Reviews". Pitchfork. http://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/15246-who-you-are/. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
- ^ "NME Album Reviews - Album Review: Jessie J – Who You Are (Island)". Nme.Com. 2 March 2011. http://www.nme.com/reviews/jessie-j/11880. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
- ^ Caroline Sullivan. "Jessie J: Who You Are – review | Music". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2011/feb/24/jessie-j-who-you-are-review. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
- ^ Reviewed by Adam Markovitz (13 April 2011). "Who You Are Review - Jessie J | Music | EW.com Review | Music Reviews and News". EW.com. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20479414,00.html. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Jessie J |
External links[link]
- Official website
- Jessie J discography at Discogs
- Jessie J's channel on YouTube
- Jessie J's BBC Sound of 2011 page at BBC Online
| Preceded by Ellie Goulding |
Sound of... 2011 |
Succeeded by Michael Kiwanuka |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Jessica Cornish |
| Alternative names | Jessie Q |
| Short description | Singer |
| Date of birth | 27 March 1988 |
| Place of birth | Redbridge, London, UK |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
