Look up scale or scales in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Scale may refer to:

Length[link]

• Architect's scale, a ruler-like device which facilitates the production of technical drawings
• Engineer's scale, a ruler-like device similar to the Architect's scale, they are helpful when drawing rooms
• Linear encoder, a kind of linear scale used in precision manufacturing for positioning
• Linear scale, a means of showing the scale of a map, chart, or drawing
• Vernier scale, a scale that allows for higher precision than a uniformly-divided straight or circular measurement scale

Locations[link]

• Scales, South Lakeland, a village in Cumbria, England
• Scales Hoo, a manor in Norfolk, England in South Raynham, origin of the Scales family

Mathematics[link]

• Scale (descriptive set theory), an object defined on a set of points (for example real numbers) and used for a wide variety of applications
• Scale parameter, a description of the spread or dispersion of a probability distribution

Psychology[link]

• A collection of questions used to measure a particular research topic. Very often they are presented in the form of Likert scale.

Music[link]

• Musical scale, a sequence of ordered musical notes
• Scale (string instruments), the sounding length of the strings of an instrument
• Scale (album), a 2006 album by electronic artist Matthew Herbert
• "The Scale", a song by Interpol from Our Love to Admire

People[link]

• Scales (surname), has at least two origins

Physics[link]

• Weighing scale, an instrument used to determine the weight or mass of an object

Ratio[link]

• Scale model, a physical model, a representation or copy of an object that is larger or smaller than the actual size of the object, which seeks to maintain the relative proportions (the scale factor) of the physical size of the original object
• List of rail transport modelling scale standards
• List of scale model sizes, listing a variety of size ratios for scale models
• Rail transport modelling scales (model railroading), to ensure scale models look correct when placed next to each other

Representation systems[link]

• Scale, a linear or curved surface (dial) with calibrated numerical markings against which a pointer or similar moves; the number nearest the pointer indicates the value of something measured. Used on callipers, analog electrical meters, etc.
• Duration scale, an ordering of time intervals from shortest to longest
• Measurement, referring to the size of buildings or other structures
• Scalability, a system's capacity to adapt to changes in size and complexity
• Scale factor, a number which scales, or multiplies, some quantity
• Scale factor (cosmology), a function of time which represents the expansion of the universe
• Scale (map), of a map is the ratio of a distance on the map to the corresponding distance on the ground
• Scale parameter, a numerical parameter in statistics
• Scale (ratio), of some sort of model which represents an original proportionally is the ratio of a linear dimension of the model to the same dimension of the original
• Scale (social sciences), the process of measuring or ordering entities with respect to quantitative attributes or traits
• Scale (spatial), an informal system of general size categorizations
• Scaling (geometry), a linear transformation that enlarges (increases) or shrinks (diminishes) objects by a scale factor that is the same in all directions
• Economies of scale, refers to the cost advantages that an enterprise obtains due to expansion

Structures (flat)[link]

• Fish scale, a rigid plate which grows out of the skin of most fish
• Scale (anatomy), a rigid plate which grows out of the skin of various animals
• Scale armour, protective garments similar to animal scales
• Scale insect, a waxy coated animal that resembles a fish scale
• Scale (dermatology), a secondary skin lesion in humans that resembles animal scales
• In botany, any flat epidermal outgrowth, a flat trichome
• Scale (Lepidopteran anatomy), a minute coloured flake which coats the wings of Lepidoptera, namely butterflies and moths

Other[link]

• Scales (pl.): The paired panels or slabs of wood, horn, plastic, or other material forming part of the handle or grip of a full-Tang knife or metal-framed handgun
• Libra (constellation), known as "the scales"
• Scale insect, small, often parasitic, insects that feed off of plants
• Fouling, buildup of unwanted substances, sometimes called "scale", on hard surfaces, such as the inside of a pipe
  • Especially, limescale
  • Mill scale, the buildup of oxidation on hot worked materials
• Mizan (Scale or Balance in English, ), a treatise on Islam by Javed Ahmed Ghamidi
• The Screen Actors Guild sets minimum compensation rates, called "scale"
• Southern California Linux Expo, an open-source software conference held in Los Angeles, California
• Various scales for the measurement of other phenomena:

Wind - Beaufort Hurricanes Saffir–Simpson Tornadoes - Fujita

Hardness - Mohs

Heat of Chillies - Scoville

Earthquakes - Energy - Richter Intensity - Mercalli

Temperature - Celsius scale Kelvin scale Fahrenheit Rankine Rømer Réaumur DeLisle Newton

Lunar eclipse brightness - Danjon scale

Religious belief - Dawkins

Depression - Hamilton

Acidity - pH

Sexual orientation - Kinsey

Physical exertion - Borg

Pain - Various

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

Martin S. Schwartz (Buzzy) is a Wall Street trader who made his fortune successfully trading stocks, futures and options. He received national attention when he won the U.S. Investing Championship in 1984. He is the author of Pit Bull: Lessons from Wall Street's Champion Day Trader.

Education[link]

Graduated with a degree from Amherst College in 1967^[1] and Received an MBA from Columbia University in 1970.

Career[link]

Schwartz served in the U.S. Marine Corps Reserves from 1968–73 and completed his commitment with rank of Captain. After working several years in what he considered to be a dead-end job as a financial analyst at E. F. Hutton, Martin accumulated a nest egg of $100,000, quit the firm, and bought a seat on the American Stock Exchange where he began trading stocks options and futures. In his first full year as an independent trader he made $600,000 and a year later earned $1.2 million.^[2]

Marti's style is to get in and out of positions in a hurry, in 1985 began his own fund in which he would manage other people's money as well as his own. He is most famous for writing the book Pit Bull: Lessons from Wall Street's Champion Day Trader, based on that professional life.

Other endeavors[link]

Martin is a Champion Horse owner. [1][2][3][4]

References[link]

Bibliography[link]

Schwartz, Martin (1999). Pit Bull: Lessons from Wall Street's Champion Day Trader. Collins. ISBN 0-88730-956-9. 

	Biography portal
	United States Marine Corps portal

Further reading[link]

Schwager, Jack D. (1993). Market Wizards: Interviews with Top Traders. 20 pages: Collins; Reissue edition. ISBN 0-88730-610-1. 

External links[link]

"Curated Interview With Marty Schwartz From Market Wizards". Curated Alpha. http://www.curatedalpha.com/2011/curated-interview-with-marty-schwartz-from-market-wizards/. 

Allan Holdsworth
Holdsworth in the 1970s
Background information
Born	(1946-08-06) 6 August 1946 (age 65) Bradford, West Yorkshire, England[1]
Genres	Jazz fusion, jazz, instrumental rock, progressive rock
Occupations	Musician, composer, producer
Instruments	Guitar, SynthAxe
Years active	1969–present
Labels	Eidolon Efformation
Associated acts	'Igginbottom, Tempest, Bill Bruford, U.K., The New Tony Williams Lifetime, Gordon Beck, Chad Wackerman, HoBoLeMa
Website	therealallanholdsworth.com
Notable instruments
SynthAxe

Allan Holdsworth (born 6 August 1946) is an English guitarist and composer. He has released twelve studio albums as a solo artist and played a variety of musical styles spanning a period of more than four decades, but is best known for his work in jazz fusion. A player noted for his advanced knowledge of the fretboard and unique playing, Holdsworth is cited as an influence by such renowned rock and instrumental guitarists as Eddie Van Halen,^[2] Joe Satriani,^[3] Greg Howe,^[4] Shawn Lane,^[5] Richie Kotzen,^[6] John Petrucci^[7] and Alex Lifeson.^[8] Frank Zappa once lauded him as "one of the most interesting guys on guitar on the planet".^[9]

Recording career[link]

Early career and 1970s[link]

Holdsworth first recorded in 1969 with the band 'Igginbottom on their lone release, Igginbottom's Wrench (later reissued under the group name of "Allan Holdsworth & Friends"). In 1971 he joined Sunship, an improvisational band featuring keyboardist Alan Gowen, future King Crimson percussionist Jamie Muir and bassist Laurie Baker. They played live but would never release any recorded material.^[10] Next came a brief stint with jazz rock band Nucleus, with whom Holdsworth played on their 1972 album, Belladonna; likewise with progressive rock band Tempest, on their self-titled first studio album in 1973.^[11] His playing can also be heard on a live BBC Radio concert from that year, which was released several decades later in 2005 as part of Under the Blossom: The Anthology, a Tempest compilation album.

During the middle part of the decade, Holdsworth went on to work with various well-known progressive rock and jazz fusion artists. These included Soft Machine (Bundles), The New Tony Williams Lifetime (Believe It and Million Dollar Legs), Pierre Moerlen's Gong (Gazeuse! and Expresso II) and Jean-Luc Ponty (Enigmatic Ocean). He has often since expressed his enjoyment of the experience gained with all of these groups, in particular his time spent with drummer Tony Williams.^[10][11][12] 1976 brought about the first of Holdsworth's many frustrations with the music industry, when CTI Records released a recording of a rehearsal session with which he was involved, passing it off as an official studio album entitled Velvet Darkness. This angered Holdsworth, who says he still loathes the album intensely and wishes it was never made public.^[10]

As the 1970s wore on, Holdsworth was recruited by drummer and Yes founder Bill Bruford to play on his 1978 debut album, Feels Good to Me. Shortly afterwards, Bruford formed the progressive rock supergroup U.K. with keyboardist/violinist Eddie Jobson and bassist John Wetton. As they were looking for a guitarist, Holdsworth was brought in on the recommendation of Bruford. Despite getting along well with them personally and enjoying the recording of their 1978 self-titled album, Holdsworth claims that his time spent with the group was "miserable" due to numerous musical differences whilst on tour, namely Jobson and Wetton's desire for Holdsworth play his solos to an organised structure for each show; something to which he vehemently objected.^[10][12]

Whilst U.K. continued with different musicians, Bruford returned to the core line-up of his solo band now simply named Bruford, with Holdsworth retained as guitarist. Their second album, One of a Kind, was released in 1979 and featured extensive contributions by Holdsworth, but by this point he wished to pursue his own musical aspirations and soon left the group, albeit with some reluctance.^[10][13]

1980s[link]

Holdsworth's first significant collaborator was jazz pianist Gordon Beck, with whom he first played on Beck's Sunbird album in 1979. Their first collaborative release, The Things You See, followed in 1980, which was a largely similar effort but without percussion or bass. They would later work together again in the decades to come. Soon afterwards, Holdsworth joined up with drummer Gary Husband and bassist Paul Carmichael in a trio that became known as False Alarm. This was to be Holdsworth's first outing as a bandleader and, after the acquisition of former Tempest singer Paul Williams, the band was renamed I.O.U. Their self-titled debut album was released independently in 1982, followed by a mainstream reissue through Enigma Records in 1985.^[14]

Immediately after I.O.U.'s release, guitarist Eddie Van Halen brought Holdsworth to the attention of Warner Bros. Records executive Mo Ostin. Van Halen had previously enthused about Holdsworth in an issue of Guitar Player magazine, saying "That guy is bad! He's fantastic; I love him", and that Holdsworth was "[t]he best, in my book".^[2] This resulted in the Warner Bros. release of Road Games in 1983. It was produced by longtime Van Halen executive producer Ted Templeman, and received a nomination for Best Rock Instrumental Performance at the 1984 Grammy Awards. Holdsworth, however, has always disliked the EP because of creative issues which arose with Templeman.^[12] At that time, the latest incarnation of the I.O.U. band consisted of drummer Chad Wackerman (who, along with Husband, would become a regular Holdsworth bandmember for the next three decades) and bassist Jeff Berlin. Former Cream singer Jack Bruce provided vocal duties, as well as a returning Paul Williams.

Having relocated permanently to Southern California and acrimoniously parted ways with Warner Bros.,^[14] Holdsworth signed to Enigma for the 1985 release of Metal Fatigue (along with the aforementioned I.O.U. reissue). It was during this time that Flim & the BB's bassist Jimmy Johnson joined the band and, like Husband and Wackerman, has remained a regular member of Holdsworth's touring bands to this day. Making his last appearance on vocals was Paul Williams, with whom Holdsworth claims to have fallen out due to the selling of live bootlegs by the former.^[1]

The Atavachron album in 1986 was a landmark, in that it was the first to feature Holdsworth's work with a brand new instrument named the SynthAxe. This unusually designed MIDI controller^[15] (different to that of a guitar synthesizer) would become a staple of Holdsworth's playing for the next fifteen years, during which he would effectively become the public face of the instrument. The next year saw the release of a fourth album, Sand, which featured no vocals and showcased further SynthAxe experimentation. A second collaboration with Gordon Beck, With a Heart in My Song, followed in 1988.

In the late 1980s, Holdsworth set up his own recording studio named The Brewery in North County, San Diego, which would become one of the main recording locations for all of his studio albums beginning with Secrets in 1989, and throughout the 1990s. In a 2005 interview, he stated that he no longer owned the studio following his divorce in 1999.^[1][11][12] Secrets introduced pianist Steve Hunt, who went on to play keyboard as a member of Holdsworth's touring band, and for two further albums.

1990s[link]

A collaboration in 1990 with fusion guitarist Frank Gambale came about in the form of Truth in Shredding, an ambitious collaborative project put together by Mark Varney (brother of Shrapnel Records founder Mike Varney) through his Legato Records label.^[16] In December of that year, following the death of Level 42 guitarist Alan Murphy in 1989, Holdsworth was recruited by the band to play as a guest musician during a series of concerts at London's Hammersmith Odeon. With former I.O.U. partner Gary Husband now being the drummer for Level 42, these factors all led to Holdsworth contributing guitar work on five tracks for their 1991 album, Guaranteed. Holdsworth would also play on Chad Wackerman's first two studio albums, Forty Reasons (1991) and The View (1993).

Holdsworth's first solo album of the decade was 1992's Wardenclyffe Tower, which continued to feature the SynthAxe but also displayed his newfound interest in self-designed baritone guitars built by luthier Bill DeLap.^[17] With the 1994 release of Hard Hat Area, Holdsworth's touring band for that and the following year was composed of Steve Hunt, Husband and bassist Skúli Sverrisson. A collaboration in 1996 with brothers Anders and Jens Johansson resulted in Heavy Machinery, an album which featured considerably more hard-edged playing from Holdsworth than was usual. In the same year, he was once again joined by Gordon Beck on None Too Soon, which comprised interpretations of some of Holdsworth's favourite jazz standards.^[18]

2000s–present[link]

The decade began positively with The Sixteen Men of Tain in 2000, but it would turn out to be Holdsworth's last album recorded at The Brewery. Immediately afterwards, he abruptly slowed down his solo output due to events within his personal life.^[11][12][19] A pair of official live albums, All Night Wrong and Then!, were released in 2002 and 2003, respectively, along with a double compilation album, The Best of Allan Holdsworth: Against the Clock, in 2005.

His eleventh album, Flat Tire: Music for a Non-Existent Movie, was released in 2001 and remains his most recent studio effort. Holdsworth once mentioned that a new studio album entitled Snakes and Ladders was slated for a 2008 release on guitarist Steve Vai's Favored Nations label, but as of 2012 this has not come about. Further new material with Chad Wackerman and Jimmy Johnson was also said to be in the works.^[11] In a 2010 interview, he again claimed to have enough material for two albums, which he planned to begin recording after a show in Tel Aviv, Israel.^[12]

Throughout the latter half of the 2000s he toured both North America and Europe extensively, and played as a guest on albums by numerous artists. In 2004 he was featured on keyboardist Derek Sherinian's album, Mythology, as well as in 2007 with the latter's progressive metal supergroup Planet X, on Quantum.

In 2006 he performed with pianist Alan Pasqua, Wackerman and bassist Jimmy Haslip as part of a live tribute act in honour of the late Tony Williams; a DVD (Live at Yoshi's) and double album (Blues for Tony) of this tour were released in 2007 and 2009, respectively. Throughout 2008–10, he toured with drummers Terry Bozzio and Pat Mastelotto, and bassist Tony Levin as HoBoLeMa, a supergroup playing improvised experimental music. On 3 November 2011, Holdsworth performed in Mumbai, India as part of drummer Virgil Donati's touring band.^[20] March, April and May of 2012 features extensive touring for Holdsworth, in a trio format with Donati and Haslip, in the US and Europe.^{[citation needed]}

Compositions and style[link]

Holdsworth's solo compositions are primarily instrumental, but vocals were prominent on all his 1980s albums except Sand. Two of his most recurring singers were Paul Williams (featured on I.O.U., Road Games and Metal Fatigue) and Rowanne Mark (Atavachron and Secrets). Additionally, he himself sang on Igginbottom's Wrench and The Things You See. In his early career he occasionally played violin^[1] (Velvet Darkness, Sunbird, The Things You See and I.O.U.) and acoustic guitar (Velvet Darkness, U.K., Gazeuse! and Metal Fatigue), but claims not to be proficient at the latter;^[19] this being due to its percussive tonal quality, and hence a lack of desire to play an instrument which isn't optimised for legato playing (as explained below).^[17]

He has a distinctive style that involves a strong scalar sense, combining elements of jazz and progressive rock. The harmonic structure of his pieces can be highly abstruse, with frequently shifting tonal centres, and his soloing follows from a self-taught advanced modal framework derived directly from his unusually-voiced chords. His phrasing almost always features striking yet subtle transitions between notes that often work contrary to the listener's expectations of consonance and dissonance, with wide and unpredictable intervallic leaps. In his solos he predominantly uses various legato techniques such as slides, hammer-ons and pull-offs (the latter being a personalised method which works more akin to a 'reversed' hammer-on);^[21] all of which result in an extremely fluid lead sound. One of the reasons for his renowned emphasis on legato, as opposed to picking, stems from a desire to make the sound between picked and legato notes indistinguishable.^[22]

Another of his most identifiable traits is the use of rich, fingerpicked chords (often awash with delay, chorus and other complex effects), which are articulated and sustained using volume swells to create sounds reminiscent of the horn and saxophone.^[23] He has said that he prefers both of these instruments to the guitar, the latter of which was not his first choice of instrument upon receiving one from his father when beginning to play.^[24][25][26] It was because of this unfamiliarity with the guitar, combined with attempting to make it sound more like a saxophone, that he originally began to use legato without realising that it was not a common method of playing at the time.^[17] Furthermore, he was influenced greatly by such saxophonists as John Coltrane, Cannonball Adderley, Michael Brecker and Charlie Parker,^[26][27][28] whilst some of his favourite guitarists were Django Reinhardt, Joe Pass, Wes Montgomery, Jimmy Raney, Charlie Christian and Hank Marvin.^[25][28]

Equipment[link]

Over the course of his career, Holdsworth has worked with many different guitar manufacturers in a lifelong quest to evolve his unique sound—the latter of which he feels he has never been able to perfect.^[13] From the late 1960s through to his time spent with Tony Williams in the mid-1970s, his main instrument was the Gibson SG.^[1][29] He then switched to playing custom Fender Stratocaster guitars that were modified with humbucker pickups, whilst also endorsing DiMarzio pickups; during this time he was pictured in a contemporary DiMarzio catalogue (around 1981) playing one of his modified Stratocasters. He continued to play this type of design in the early 1980s, developing custom models with Charvel and Jackson that feature on I.O.U. and Road Games.

In 1984 he developed his first signature guitars with Ibanez, known as the AH-10 and AH-20. These instruments have a semi-hollow body made from basswood with a hollow cavity underneath the pickguard, and can be heard on Metal Fatigue and Atavachron. His long association with Steinberger guitars began in 1987: these are made from graphite and carbon fibre, and distinctively have no headstock. With designer Ned Steinberger, he developed the GL2TA-AH signature model. He started playing customised headless guitars made by luthier Bill DeLap in the 1990s, which included an extended-range baritone model with a 38-inch scale length.^[17] However, he has since said that he only owns one of the latter instruments (with a 34-inch scale).^[1] He has also developed a line of signature guitars with Carvin, including the semi-hollow H2 in 1996 and the completely hollow HF2 Fatboy in 1999.^[30]

On Atavachron, Holdsworth first recorded with the SynthAxe; a fretted, guitar-like MIDI controller with keys and string triggers instead of a strung neck, and a tube that dynamically alters note volume and tone via breathing in a similar manner to a talk box.^[31] Sound-wise, he uses patches which are mainly Oberheim synthesizers, as he considers them to be "great sounds".^[32] Although he has used the SynthAxe on all his solo releases since Atavachron and still enjoys using his two remaining ones in the studio, he says he no longer wishes to make it such an integral part of his playing—especially live—mainly because of it being so rare (only a thousand units are said to still exist), and difficult to maintain and repair as a result.^{[1][10][27][32]}

Personal life[link]

Holdsworth has lived in California permanently since the early 1980s, and often mentions cycling as one of his favourite pastimes.^[27][32] He is also a keen aficionado of beer, with a particular fondness for Northern English ale.^[25][28] Such is his taste for ale that he went as far as experimenting with brewing his own in the 1990s and inventing a specialised beer pump named "The Fizzbuster" which, in his own words, creates "a beautiful creamy head".^[18][32] With ex-wife Claire he has three children named Louise, Samuel (who was named after Allan's father) and Emily; all three live in Southern California.^{[citation needed]} He has a daughter from his first marriage to Angela Slater named Lynne, who resides in England.^{[citation needed]} He became a grandfather in December 2010 when his daughter Louise gave birth to a baby girl named Rori.^[33]

Discography[link]

Studio albums[link]

• 1976: Velvet Darkness
• 1982: I.O.U.
• 1983: Road Games (EP)
• 1985: Metal Fatigue
• 1986: Atavachron
• 1987: Sand
• 1989: Secrets
• 1992: Wardenclyffe Tower
• 1993: Hard Hat Area
• 1996: None Too Soon
• 2000: The Sixteen Men of Tain
• 2001: Flat Tire: Music for a Non-Existent Movie
• 2005: The Best of Allan Holdsworth: Against the Clock (compilation)

Live albums[link]

• 1997: I.O.U. Live
• 2002: All Night Wrong
• 2003: Then!

Collaborative albums[link]

• 1980: The Things You See, with Gordon Beck
• 1988: With a Heart in My Song, with Gordon Beck
• 1990: Truth in Shredding, with Frank Gambale/The Mark Varney Project
• 1996: Heavy Machinery, with Jens Johansson and Anders Johansson
• 2009: Blues for Tony, with Alan Pasqua, Chad Wackerman and Jimmy Haslip (live double album)

Videos[link]

• 1992: REH Video: Allan Holdsworth (VHS, reissued on DVD in 2007)
• 2002: Live at the Galaxy Theatre (DVD)
• 2007: Live at Yoshi's (DVD)

Books[link]

• 1987: Reaching for the Uncommon Chord. Hal Leonard Corporation. ISBN 978-0-634-07002-0.
• 1994: Just for the Curious. Warner Bros. ISBN 978-0-7692-2015-4.
• 1997: Melody Chords for Guitar. Centerstream Publications. ISBN 978-1-57424-051-1.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• Allan Holdsworth discography at MusicBrainz
• Allan Holdsworth - Hard Hat Area & None Too Soon reissues reviewed on Prog-Sphere.com